Chapter 8.

Grammar
 Key Questions
• Grammar has been considered the main
aim of learning a foreign language.

• Then, how can you teach grammar

properly for learner to achieve the
learning goals?
 Goals of this chapter
• provide your own definition of the term
grammar.

• Explain the following concepts:

declarative & procedural knowledge,
form & function relationship, inductive &
deductive teaching
 What is grammar?
• A set of rules specifying the correct
ordering of words

• Prescriptive grammar: right/wrong

• Descriptive grammar: people’s actual use

 Background to teaching grammar(1)

• Historically, a primary aim of teaching

 mastering grammar, voca, pronunciation

• ALM / structural linguistics / behaviorist

psychology

• Refer to pg. 155(from 1-7).

 Highlight any keywords
 Background to teaching grammar(2)

• L1 interference / Acquisition order

(nature of language)

• A tool for communication

• Consciousness-raising(focus-on-form
approach)
 Principles for teaching grammar
• Inductive vs. deductive teaching

• Declarative vs. procedural knowledge

• Implicit vs. explicit

• Dicto-gloss vs. dicto-comp

 Grammar in the classroom
• Focus on forms(FonFs)

• Focus on meaning(FonM)

• Focus on form(FonF)