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    Understanding and Analysing Non-Literary Texts PDF

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    Content =the Tia meaning thet what happens. Approaches to non-literary texts ‘Yeu will eam a wie variety af textsboh tear ad nonuerary,heoughou your ‘Language A: Language and Leracure couse Literary woke can generally be grouped ‘io four main forms poetry, pose ftoe, prose norton and rama. Nonierary ‘ets, however, are ator by tt, of which there ara seemingly infinite sumbee the defincon ofa es 'anything fo which informacion canbe exacted then we ‘are encountering ~ and arguably rating ~textsal the mein ou ai ves ‘Some texts an be ensteed literary fms sly within the non tion eatery (or ‘example, bogapy, day, esay, meri tael wating) You may indeed focus cn 8 seis ‘ef eters ora pastiche within your sd feature. Homeve, when stated as asingle work (and especialy the context of deeoping your dls in unseen textual anal these tea types wil be rete as noe rary. You will nor be expected to study a prested number ce ype of an leary exts within the language component of your IB Englsh couse of suey the erature component ‘more prescribed, with a minima offs wks rege t Staal Level ad i wos Higher Level te aylabus shoud inl dea balance of woes i erms of period place, gender ofthe author an literary fr), or wll you Be expected oar the fstures for characteratics fll pombe tex types The il of analsng cre text type can be twanfrable wo another. The resto hs chaper wl ude you through the anass of many ofthe ey aspects of oeleary et Is important ne view thee elements In saton, bt conde hw shy a top to ache specie purpose The ses wil ech focus ona speci eens buts impose vo consider one element ‘wiehou taking into accoure others therefore might be @ ood idea to kim the chapter before engaging inthe atv. Acta we dot want to agp that yeu shold ‘apa linea appecch oanasing a et: you may find that one isthe fst ching cha jumps out you, or ou maybe ature to pcking up on figurative Inguge a ou read ‘The purpose ofthese eects ito give ou the tools to anal wih more confidence, oro agg nebo feval approach Content Antal reading of any text shoud focus on content. Only once you have graspedthe Ira meaning ofthe ex can you begin wo conser ether layers of meaning yous by developing solid understanding ofthe content ofthe ext (the what then yu willbe she to work tomas n more raneed undctaaing of che seo the ext he a ane tus) Jumping nto an anal of syle ft wl nly demonstrate lek of foundational Jnowldge = Author's message ‘Asyou examine the content ofa text, you need to ak yourself what dhe authors sage 's This noe necessary the same thing asthe purpose ofthe text whch wll be explored in more deal ltr in he chaper. The central mesg rebated to lager themes that the teat fle ‘The following extract rm Eisabeth Cilber’s travel mere Ea Pray Love i poe exarpl of text with a central message that dnc fom purpose 2 Approaches nontrerary txts 1m Example: Far Pray Love by EleabethGibert, Fhe nee had ss fa plan in my fe than do un ain Ba. nal my istry of caress tree, th the most careless Ive eve lnded anyplace. | don't know where m ein olive, dat kro what Im ging to do, don't cw what the exchange ete, | dotkrow how to get tax a the arprt or even whee to ask ‘hat tac tke me. Nobodys expecting my arial. have no frends Indonesia, ‘oF een tends ends. And heres the problem about taveing with an out-of dt gidaLeuk, an then no racing taney dt elie that fm actualy no alowed to stay in ndonesa fr four months, even if vant to, this et only "upon eny inthe country. Tus ot alowed any a onesonth tv st 0 hadn't occured to re that he Indonesian goverent woul be anything ess than ‘elghted to hast mein thei county for js ong as pleased to stay. {As the rice migration ofl stamping my passport with pemison to stayin al er nian exact thy ay, as in ary mest fend manne if can ease remain get, 15 "Nose sys nis most frendy manner. The Balinese are most farensly tend “ee m sugposed to tay ere forthe four months hi, | dont mention tat tis prophecy that my tying here for thee o four months was predicted by an edey and qute possibly demented Balnese medicine man, Auto ten-minute pale-eading.Fm not sure how to explain is 2. But what dd that medicine man tlle, now tat think fDi he actualy say that would came back to Ba and spend thee or four moths ang wit in? Od he realy ay ving wih hin? Orde jst want me oc by again sometime if _wasin the neighborhood and ge him another ten bucks for anther pal-eadg? Did he say would comeback, tat should come back? Did he eal, ‘See 5 yu ter, aligator? Or wasn a we coco? have had ary corenuncaton wih the meine man ince that one eeneg | wou know howto contact hie, anyway. What might his adress be? "Medicine Man, On Porc, Bl, ndonesa’? | dont now whether hes dd a ae, remember that be seemed exceedingly ot two years go when we met aryting >» cud hows happened to him ence then. I have fora ei are ett yer athe merry that he esi avila jst outside the tm of Ud. But don't remember the nae ofthe Wage Maybe | shoud have thought lis trough beter ‘The purge ofthis pace i pris to entertain. Thi purpose inconseyed through a ange of techni charactor of rel writing Theta Tinted inthe Teel writing ‘echnigucs box onthe nee page aed can be spiel or aapted to cther pieces of ave ‘wring tha ou may encounter Further conventions of text ype ae covered i ore very import part oft mio mecrmat not oy ae tent iy smal bye | ‘completa exes carers reformed whch, ‘tres eos pe ‘cates of Sve baer sees teed hey tom he eo th nar ey a ‘ey test to wate, Sometnes thse ie antes cme compa i wt eth rappin erat ts ute et “Thee mice ronment ase 9 9 int ‘ate tery yo untae aio ey lost a musthne ben ame it Sod ato yw hy soa th trae But out mary tpt sac rg have sme {hae at at he cts te tl Gong S099 These repratons veering rd keep etsy whan Tet our cotta for the mete, uch tecrene ses aa Halogen lamp Res Ihe bare Ss enhusase, many eo meacton WO meres ‘te rug se aa en sng you etl Zo Wa anon Bove Dood sae at eer 9 oratnRtotess “asin band of petokum ey +20 Wika bead ot rouge ‘We imediarl secogaise tha the wea isa post onthe message bard of agroup page Srinivas ierestedin microscopy 2a hobby or poescn. The medium (a pos ‘othe Work! Wale Wet) may sxggest broad audience. Homeves, we can fom the beading char the group consists of ever than 5000 members, which sarows the auhence toa specific number of people within this paricular cline comurity. Tre author of ‘the mesage uses entific terminology an jargon fae to profesional nicest (ca, amocboid lagllas helical oqanisns ay own beautl Zeiss Winkel), bu the ‘elective, alist conversational tone appeals othe hobbyists in che groups wel The nature of he text asa pot ona mesage bord suaet tha the auence engaged anc ‘an interact withthe person posting as emphasized by the Reply button athe boriom of ‘the message: The authors purpose it describe his observations His final comment sums pis motivation fo sharing his experience with community fe mined inva “Tave became as enthusiast, mainly duet interaction with members ofthis group, 25 Tas when using ry own beautiful Zeiss Winkel (mainly on bovine blood dies) ac the tender age of 1 in Rhodesia” Textual for English Language & Lkertr for the If Diploma: Si or Suecsst PEER eae sain the folowing tnt ad cone te get uence what ways ao the layout and desgnof ths webpage engage younge readers? ae €> Cwm ont anodas einer yon Oxford Dictionaries ‘Word Of The Year’ Is ... An Emoji? New Doss cn Rovere 17,2018 ected hays ya eds, emok {Fe ow wed By people of a ape et isteenoge. ‘Ab, thagh the word sens Hom the Iapatse aguage =e (ture oy (ehrceror lee he dotlascan be understood by emerges of the Bagge hey era erst ay kee ‘sre 0 aowedge ther portance te Sebalconmuncston oot oe Sigs Sel do on as ior anes somriasnt ieee i tae see eS Sergeracrmamreranay ts ty tot te eee cage eee Repay ct eer aes eet tone creer SE SP ees lettre Rem a me roae . | Stee Slee ‘nearer ns Gey Tae Sse Sais Sen iraraatees Barzoceae se Someones ost ee t—~sssCiss Fr lpn te fe oa wane be he Sage iat Tay abo toute hs was 2 or yea to py homage tothe ey. Fo: ‘hough te have been sound ance te nd the word that dees tery, fas 2 Appraches neler tet © Context of interpretation “The contest of pohction refers tothe autor’ circumstances athe time of wen cr composi text. The content erretation about the rears (or abe) ‘ircumszancs, and this is everchanging Far example, audience perceptions 150s ‘avetiserent ike the ones down bo for cleaning pret have changed sical ‘inc theiprodction. These rect were itll eared at howerives bt th ine wed to eect the tagetauence ate now generally sen as sexs by Wester acne. [Sa Siyle how the tent conveys is smesning, the way nich the content resented Each invita er wil proach text with his or her oun set of reumstances laze to gende, enc culkere, eign, clas, eve of education, plea afliation ‘nd so on, and each of these camaunces influences ur reading of ext. This makes ‘he conte oferta ery pmol lpr te ex eee cet eg sare ee eat, ee ee ee eee eee eae See ae eee SSS owes eerie eee Ser Style Hopefllyby now yu wil have nied tha there reat deal of weap between the diferen yes text ln ft, woud be nary impose wo consider content tnd context whos al giving some considertion to ye Ifyou focus on any of ese ‘ment in elton, you il ot be able to demonstrat bec a pric eve of ‘understanding on jou IB assessment Style ithe hw of teat, and che assesment criteria fr Paper I makes exc reeence otha wont “To what extent docs the candate analyse aa erate how textual tures ane suthodal choi shape meaning! ‘Merely enivingehe seis Rares ofa text wll not alow you te demonstrate ery sophisticated level of analysand ersntion ofthe tet. We wl explore howto achieve ‘hist weting in Chapter 5 Tear Anal for Fgh Langage iter for the I Diploma: Shi or Sues Sano Literary device = 23 technique o tol hata wrter aoe to create an effect: examples nce ‘magery 2 ersoniieabon Allusion =a reterence 0 Something without Mea or expt, ‘menton oft Hyperbole — exa99eaton to smoke a station Gamat or humroue Register —the You may be used to refering wo the tools that an author wes as itera deve. eis tue that certain devices maybe unique to erry wes however, many noe ets wil contin sich devices For example, an adverse may include metaphor or sound psimgprtncnwapcnseaenoor hcl ae It’s alive sted on iy 22006 commun ke rex abot gett iy fen ote aay ae that 0 He ena casey em nove vas ‘ting roche one ea Het cargel oelon wy He ea cpned Medes? fa ton rt nies jared don Ns ro der tect. amber nee Hc Bout the Bok wth acta ash. Two he Was coking “Str for'e admy ny Tecan ngs down pees oss except on he poe, Sratien ene ony te aac eres Buy en aston a yee ad operon naa Tsay ‘Yes, Rao 3 on ton. Ba the soetng rea nseg, whch shy ‘espe tw ame of isbiog. on cree etn ak Hr od sale na on fteviegs Tbe akira south KEY TERMS ‘Appeal 2 persuasive tedhnaue slit into tee types tos, logos and patos. thos an ethic! sopeato the Butorty ofthe iter or speaker. ‘Logos an appeal tologe. Pathos an 2epea 1 eatin 2 Approaches to non-terary texts § Persuesive language Peruse nung all around us We ae conta inlucce bythe lange o vests, political campaigns chai appeals, newspaper opinion pecs a caer such texte ‘Peransion mies on appeals othe avdience. There ae thee res of appeal the thal appeal tho the logal appeal (logos) and che emotional appeal (patios). thos isan ppl tothe author ofthe writer or speaker Ethos inves bullingasense cof rast witin the alee. This can be achive desert ways By: 12 sharing ne profesional knowledge or eon experience sm eying ce expert support 12 doping foal, objective regite (excep, perhaps, when sharing pesca cexpeieee) 1 creating to wit the audience (eg by drt adressing the audience or making ‘imperative commas to the acne, using inchsive language and prsanal pone ike ou aw) Logos isan peat lop ad is achieved by using logical evidencebaed ppt i coe’ argument Evidence can inclide 1 acs an gues = examples 1 experetiony. Pathos i anappealw emotion. Writers and speakers can siemens theagh dation and fguraive language. In particular, thew of wend wth song connoative meanings ‘an tigers ange of emotions in an audience “The mos eecveangments use a combination ofall he peas. For example 30 aumene which sparly based on emotion woul mos ikl be considered weak, Ezualyan rgumene which s devoid of emotion, eying instead ony on fast and seuss, wuld seem co sm Example: Yemen Criss Appeal Appeals are pemunive technigacs, hu an ali lio a speci txt yp fen wel by charities and non pot orgnations. The flowing ext irom Oxfam Yemen Cis Areal. We illonly examine che spurt f the appeal hee bu you can view the whole appeal on the Oxfam webs at hpi y/1CVi6W and sae urther example of permasive uchniges a work Testa Anab for Engin Language & teratre or the is prom: Shi or Success | Yemen Crisis Appeal Contig conti, ast and ‘cent on impor have i &milon ‘People facing famine in ere | eshte eae se nen nar Stroy es cheno manors | | scrvetesm coca | iotareatoeoe ‘Wecan see several pemaive devises in jus this chor extrac fom the appeal Perhaps the most dominant techniques pathos. The we ofthe color ra fo example, highligh the rt ature of the cis. The deminaninage of che malnourished chil evokes tan emotional response; the audience my el pity or ellesmess feelings which may lend to action, The layout ofthe pge wth the Donate to Oxf Yemen respons’ link postonednexe othe image apn, calls one wo ation he link pysallyloks| like an arom, panting towards the child in need. Logo i etablibed in dhe ain text through the use of facts and tistics Eto ao etablshe in the hid paragraphs the ‘exc highligh the wok that Oxf has already dove to help with the css, shomeasing itsrepuraton for humanitarian ai. This a good example ofthe thre appeals working together to aleve the text min purpone (© Other persuasive techniques ‘Other penuave techniques nck = Rhetorical questions imply an ans which inflencing someone epic, subcle way of persuading meone oF 1 Repetition: he repeat use of word phrase or mage das attention to cand can therefore bean effective peruse techie 1» Enumeration (ist tng creates a cumulative effet For example fan ‘xbertsement inchs lr ofall ofthe beefs of» partial producto service, ‘hen the auence he potential consume) sore ly co be persuaded fesse = Triples (the rue of three’: this technique essentially aeype of enumeration. Tei amos nverally red tha thee ite magic number. 1 Hyperbole: the se of exaggeration can make asiation seem mote deamatic utorous Advertisers for example may exaggerate the need for an item ical [aa speakers may rage the impact fa deckon ot event. The vse of wndestatement, Propoganda sthich the appoe of yer can be equally flere persuading an audience. Setormsion pending | ll Propaganda and persuasion Based w/t based | Propaganda isa frm of pesusin, The aim of pean io pomate a pica ‘ture o ieclogy through the wre ofiformatio which iscften Based o misleading reader of © | Propaganda can ake many forms sch a alvertsements news spor pl oe cartoons (which we wll examine in more dtl in Chapter ) cr speeches. Many propaganda texts (inching the eerutnent poster you examined carl in the section reode, fen to 2 Approaches non trary txts ‘on context ca page 23) use some ofthe same persuasive devices thar us has cain ‘above: nf the line besween penuasion and propaganda ea vr thi ae, ad there issome debate over whether nota fem of persuasion can te cesar ‘propaganda. Aaron Dench in his atc Propaganda Is Everywhe on the ‘Propaganda Cre webs, hasan interesting way of defining propaga nfl Propgan can ear cnt asa swath ors ue as joke. ts pessive ‘techniques are regulry applied by pliicans averse, ura ako pence, sscben who are interested in infvencing aman behav Popagnda can besa ‘accomplish poste social ens as in campaigns to rice dunk ding, ut i ‘wed wn eectonsand sell malt hguor (anceps and Every Propaganda ees on speci techniques, the mos common of which te cutie ere: technique whereby 2 person o ea inked to weave sy. 1 Gliterog generates: the opposite of name-calling this techniqs ascites person, ov idea wth a postive symbol. 1& Transfer'a device ty which the propagandist inks the authority o prestige of something well espectd and revered such as church o ation to something he oe she soul have us accept. | Testimorial: technique in which a plc figure or celebrity erdoses a prodet, service pliant. = Nawee 1 Pin flts:an attempt convince the ance that prominent person and his or her ideasare ofthe pepe 15 Bansdwagy: makes the appeal that eweryone cle is ding it and so shuld you. In other weds, op onthe baum. f= Fear'aechnique which lays an the ear the auienc; this chive by ing a seaming that ise wll occur ifthe aullence does ot low apart coune of tion, “These technique defined in further detail on the website Propane Cre, where ‘you will aofind examples ofeach technique. The ste is inclaed inte Recut or ‘tonal sel ist athe end of this chaps 1m Manifestos ONETTITIN 8 2riesto ica writen seatement ofthe bel, as and plics of a organisation, ‘epecaly political party. Manfstas are usually sued by political parties below a ‘dzcion, withthe purpose of peruding voter to support thei plac. A mano iseserily an advertsement the oxgniatin slings wales and ideas As ich, ‘manifests incorporate many ofthe persuasive techniques ited above. Pea wes ‘The folowing text ian abridged version ofthe 2017 Genera Becton Marfesto of ‘the UX's Women’s Equaty Party. How does the text appeal tts audience? What Persuasive techniques do you notice? WE have an eight point pn for a flourishing economy and an equal ciety ‘that works bette for everyone 1 eating economy WE offer afresh approach that wl bul a sustainable caring economy ‘that works for everyone Textual Anal for English Language & Literature forthe 18 Disoma ski for Success 2. Shared parental eave WE wilimplement a fully equal system of ine months shared parental leave on 80% of pay, with a -month use-torleseit provision foreach WE wit implement fulltime, high quality, fee childcare forall len from the end of shared parental leave 4 Anend to violence against women We wil repair the broken funding model for spect services, neuding Services that ae for and ed by BAME women. WE wil put preverton, protection and provision at the heart of all ur poles and WE wil not Fest unt all women and gis are fre from violence and harassment. 5. Unleashing women’s talent 8y reforming our education system and tackling the reductive and often hypersexilved depiction of women inthe media, WE wal Unessh the talent ofl {Equality n health and social care WE will make sure our healthcare system works for women and men alike, putting the furthest from equality fist, and ensure that social “are is recognised not asan adjunct to economic actity but a5 5 underpinning, 7 Brest WE wil build an immigration system with gender equality and socah Justice atts heart WE wl design rae deals that work for everybody We will make sure Brest does not tur hack the cack on gender equality ‘through secondary legislation. | nvestin what matters We wil invest in what matters and make sure our socal infrastructure ‘works ar wall ar our phyla infrastructure. WE wl vest n homes, not houses, and restore our education, heath care and sol care sytem All our palces are costed and will not increase the burden on low and wae ‘average income household Reto =| language desgned tecomnee ot |_ Rhetorical devices (ood ue of ‘When we tlk about he language of speeches aed other types of argumentative writing Scrywationa! | wee slewing wntetoie, Selly Oak Dasiasin ae te af fete ce techniques peruasve speaking o write, especally the exploitation of figures of speech and ether Rhetorical compositional echnigus Those compositional technues, tools that a speaker ses laeew recalled retorical devices compostions! | Speech writers make use of many ofthe sme devies tha ate ou in poetry and pos, sch a aliteration also, bypebole,pesonfction and soon. In ado, there ae cereain retrial device that are more ypcal speeches Defntions and examples ten of che moss commen thera devies are provid on the pags hallow but hs lecshoud not be seen a exhaustive, Yu wl ote hit many ofthese devise irs ofeeptiton, which isa key peransive techie. techiques and took that a speaker uses, for ‘earpe algy Reperton =the repeated use of award, phase | m Anadipl gxaeoe et | he peti fhe wr bot en ne ene ce pea cor very nes the bepinning ofthe ex stem, cians phrase nike things, Presented as 2 ‘nay a furthering 2 ie of reasoning fr to-upport an Sigua Approaches to naniteary tents 1m Example: Margaret thatche’ he Lae’ Nt Far Turning’ speech, 1980 "Of couse our von an our dns go fr beyond the complex arguments of ‘economics, but unless we get the economy re, we stall dey our peopl the ‘opportunity to share ha vson and to se beyond the narrow hxzos of economic neces Without aheathy economy we cn have 3 healthy society and without 2 eal sodety the economy wort stay heathy fr long = Analogy Like smiles and metaphor, an analogy cmparnn between two unlike ching. However unlike smiles aed metpbors, an analogy presented as. way of Frcherng & lin of reasoning oro supprt an argument. 1m Example: Henry Kssinge’s memo to President Richard Noon, 1969 ‘Wie of US woos wile esate peanuts tthe Amerikan pbc the mer US troops come hme, the more willbe demande | = Anaphora “This isthe repetition ofa word ce expression at che beginning ofa rumber of sentences, lasesce phases Example: lary Clinton's Democratic National Convention Adress, 1996 ora ahanoy. eatin. and hooetl chi. it takes afi takes teachers it takes ergy, takes busnes peopl it takes communty kadar takes those who protect our Relh and safety takes all of us" Source wwnanercanmetrcom LL 1 Antimetabole “This a igure of mphass in which the worden one pace rate re replied ‘atl or clo in reverse grammatical dri the next phasor clase inverted ‘ole of repeated word in ascent phrases cr clases (A, BoA] 1m Example: Roald Reagan's speech ‘Remarks tthe Brandenburg Gate, 1987 But ne must remeber a crucial fact East and West do nat mists each other because wee armed vse smed because we mtu each other Source worn aneianhetrecom Textual nabs for English Language & Literature for the I istama: ils for Success wm Antithesis “This sche combination of two cpposng eas in a sentence to achiev a contrasting sec 1m Exanple: Martin Luther King, J's‘ Have a Dream! speech, 1963 "tae acrear that my four te chien wil one day vein aration where ‘the wl nt be judged by the color of thet skin but bythe content of thei | character I hve 3 ream oc! Source wameranhetarccon 1 Asyndeton “The eeiion of onjnetione ean ht) in acre prec ae 1m Example: Richard Nixons Fist Presidential Inaugural Address, 1969 ‘nen we stn tothe beter anges four nature, wef that hey cera the simple things, the basic things ~such as goodness, dency, love, kindness 1m Hypophora [A figue of spech in which a speaker ass a question andthe immedi providesan soamet Tis unlike hetoneal question, wbich iis an anoner, 1m Example: Bil Clintor’s Democratic National Congress Acceptance Address, 1952 "Whats George Buh dong about ou economic problem? He has rd ams on the peope deg pup tuck and lovered taxes cn the people ing in limouses wm Parallelism “This the use of grmmarcaly lr elements in seteces, or amare in ound, meaning oe hyn. 1m Example: Abroham Lincoln's ‘Gettysburg Address, 1863 “Tis aon, unde od sal have anew ito eedo, nd that goverment of the people bythe poole, forthe peop stalin’ pe rom the earth 2 Anpnches nett tats = Polysyndeton Fapsydeson isthe oppose of asyudeton. isthe repetition of cnjunctions (sate Fnac) n quek secession, without the ws f commas separate the sens 1m Example: Tom Brokaw’s Second World War Memorial Dedication Address, 2008 "Second Word Wi veterans here today wilt you tha the fs thing they rote about bas inna was breakfast. You could et al that you wanted. Mary ot the fest new par of boos or tous in basc trang ate a young Me of hand-me-donns. Many wil ao tel you tat before war ame to America at Pea Hatbr they mere opposed to this county geting ished, But when the lpanese ‘tacked and the Gears decared war they converted oreright and varstormed “America nto a mighty itary machine ~n uniform and factories and laboratories _2nd shipyards and col mines and far fils and sopsand offs 1m Rhetorical question A thetoical pein ca qution tha ingle an anwar o deen aie an answet 1 Non-verbal communication ‘Rally tis important to noe that fyou are examining samen’ deer of aspesch, "ther than js the printed ext then you shoud ab conser nonverbal communiatoe sich as je contact an engagement with the aes fil expressions and and pss, ACTIVITY 7: RHETORICAL AND FIGURATIVE DEVICES ‘One ofthe most prominent orators of the 2st century ormer US resident Bazack Oba Parts fis rst, ttecton victory spech ar incued below, you can read or view he whole speech one Conse he purpose of Obaras speech, What retail devs does he use and to what effet? Can you ier the types oF pea that he makes! Barack Obama's Election Night Victory Speech Grant Pack nos November &, 2008 If teres anyone out there whe stil doubts that America isa place where all things are possible who sll wonders ithe dream of our founders fave in our mes who il, ‘questions the power of eur democracy, tonight is your ante. I's the answer told byline that stvetched around schoo and churches in numbers his '5 ation has never seen by people wh wated three hours and four hours many forthe very ‘ist ime intel lives, because they believed that ths time must be ciferent, thatthe voce “ould be that ference It's the answer spoken by young and ol ch and poor, Democrat and Republican, back, ‘white, Latino, Aan, Native America. gay stright, eae and nat eabled = rpereans 10 who ents message tothe word that we have never Been a callecoan of Red Sates ond Bue states: we ae, and alvays willbe, the Unite States of America It’ the answer that led those who have been told fr so long by 0 many to be cyical, and {earful and doubtful of what we can achleve to put their hands on the ae of history and bend i once more toward the hope of 9 beter day. 1S Its been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this lection at ths defining moment, change has come to America ‘exw Ana for English Language & erature forthe 1 Dilan: Sis or Succes [Samo Structure Structure the way ncn a texts organized (isnot the same Struc tees tothe way in which a exis cance, Structure is oe the same ‘hing sljou, slkbough ysis an clemene of rate. When ys ae anasing the srt of et, is important not simply pow decripeion ofthe way the ‘et loks ("This ext structured like tadelnal ey cau ied no paragraphs! This ia very wa statement which as nothing aout the function of arto structural ture) Inszead conser ow the tea are presented A novel, ‘or example, wil low a base ple stuctr (exposition, sig actin, clinay, falling ‘2ction, resolution). With anlar text, his may be rikier recognise orient ‘and the ruc will Yay fom text tet. Meas maybe presents chronologically ep ke biography o they may be resend in a pcbl-scluion frat (ep Uke in ‘an aherciemens). Orher tyes of exe structures inl cause and effet, compare ae -conras, sequence lasifieaon-divson, and description thing aslo. Plot ~a series of ‘evens that ae Inked causally & Conventions of text type ‘An important consideration when analysing nor literary texts the conventions of the text type. Each tee type has certain defining charactertes which dainguish from oer text types You wil nc be expected to deny al ofthe characteris of ery pombe text type, bot wil ave to demonstrate an understanding of how certain textual furs heipshape meaning For example if you can ently the Kid fof tex you ae dealing with rough che recognition of certain features, this might help reveal something about the text audience an purpose It isako important consider ‘whether orn the text has deviated fen ty standard corwendons au so fe wha purpose 1 Example: Reading between Ue ies of interview “The text below ban interview fom an onlin magasne call The Mising Sa. An incerview is eatonalycoeducted to reveal information about the ineviewe. ft, in ost writen inerview, the pesonalcy of he inteviewer willbe absent, roving ‘manos daembodied voc, However i thi exneple we pin sme insight inn the incervewer a well, eee DC themisingslatecom/2014itiauthorofthe-month-minl algal Author of the month: Minoli Salgado ‘Ml Salgado, The ising Ste’ Autor of he Moth ‘women crac act te Sha nove suo "oko for bec aks to astant ton sd br Aa Wari an The Mp men ae ry ‘Shur ylang St Lana bneg” snes te fox of abo sto seed in wis i “Sout Aso lecture and hw we fete he erly 9. Bu your queen ake me P, shay to epond ote bes oS Laan wat {both "The reach’ and your novel, A Lite Dust on the Eye ot oly do you wit specially ebout i Shere that the seer of women fpetatont that enioee te tka culture your huracters oe predominantly female, You have ls sa tht one of your abiding sneer ist gve vole 16 some el the silenced” ‘Stories fom se Lanka. Why do you se women to | Sete nese unheard nacratves? Paton tat waren Sh not peak at ares when Imen might Phas bong et est pat South ‘ended an woven an gis have more ome, am teste heap wher ogking otis ‘tpi dans bel esconcaon ct ‘Sumana, your protagonst in ‘The Bresc, and ber mother prepare to fue the Bomb ridden are ‘Ue pasage is itense and int brevity eaptores ‘Sesperation, oar andthe wil a suv Where do ‘eu gather the patos to write about war and [ess So eoptvatingy. porcaying vi af you ‘were there youse?! ‘cilvar Te war te en town ars we "Yanpedin re rage marred No Fe Soe Uke any ‘Saeore Stance oles themes comma oe “ie the news cova idee he Use Seren ron tat ne cure Kas gage, dstubeg ‘Savery panto wath hs var eb me ae ‘Sw hr as han Soy, 3 aged at eed rot ot th yh. wot te then ‘tenth ay ou pnd te eH [Tt of wesing te han sty fom he angen “of aly ener or tea How sgnfiant are the fluences of envionment \Sndhistoryonyourchracersanathsirgevlopment inyourstovor? “That sounds abit the an eye inks ebb est ‘nse ear Te aed cee cus os Do you betive that the pulsing words In any ay, biased in favour of "Waster thor? Dots South Asin iterate get the recognition “Te pushing word aarp and ts exgrcing Ssuvesgek Girton othe Sa sgh ange tgs lt Though tecogntan may be payed Oa Theiah mevpatan as tgs Raw oped 2 Approaches eter teats en bepn tng. South Asan tern Egle bah | spore nératona. ete beg oae he nar ‘rn omer Tey te italy Weld 2h at ‘hngsham cangeds many ofa have varstored the wary naape ete con now be ecg 3 "erate ter wo appen cme or Sou Asa oa ts weah ot ae erst OW | ek te stay nt 9 mache geting Sou Asan este Fecogrze, tut dingo efor he are at Sona ey phe cout atengtn abot ning cin he (ther topes but Ym sure our readers would be Interested wo now which authors ave iepived you Sha been ther throughout your growth a a ter Sd person Who would be on your essential reading ie ‘rads, | ust anit haa tof tase. Thee fre wits ead fo sue, wes Ie as Hom, ‘eters ead becuse thy th ob abut how ate | Fs ited and deveoped nwa that have bout us| {Divtere we ae wr | ea bane toy he ben Feconmerded ome) fens. Whe as Wenaper [erases toate erary et oe son, ‘essa ead me contrary eg ‘penton leo So te ica pope on ‘ental adn it twee, Dea ed et Sf rer reson. Hg sah, 39 ve 3 ‘Sing perc or matty etn nen shan perch nearer Ma Saad’ no te Oust on the Ee 06 *Disporic resting tthe the dspasion rea fan people on ther srg homeland ‘Thetent eas mote lke a convertion in which both participants are equally engaged We la thar the interviewer ha rea at eet 40 ofthe wer’ works, cute bout ther of women i those works, aks mute! questions that seem to havea more cual chan ear agenda, seems to be working fom a prepared Uist of questions, sd som The text oul have been presencd inthe foe fanart x profile pace, but thedkesion wo incl che inerview transcript nd bre rom the more trina ‘commentions ofan interview i peshaps irene 1 rfl: the wider purpose of the ‘magaie, which shihlighted ina bub tthe top ofthe arte cline: The Ming Slaeis2"boreles” magaine with culuraly andl intelectaly diverse team hat ‘lives far cant be quand cant be mapped ether © Opinion column An opinion column asthe name would sige, an opinionated pec of writing the fa o which wo peru ~ and pesaps oa extn extent, eo entertain. Opnica “Textual Analisis English Language & Literature forthe 18 Dla: Sis for Suess cmns feature in ost major newspupess and ae sully dhe work of permanent tal ‘wrters who have gained a epuation fo thelr se aed treatment of current events An opinion column is simile oan editorial and an op-ed which tnd fr oppor ‘he edo, ba the key ference sn authoshp. Anetra is weten by the ‘editor ofa newspaper or magatne, often oulining thelr sanceon a particu ise cor jusiing choices they have made within che current publication. An oped is ‘mos often writen by someone cutie of the publication in esponse to a ase of ‘universal appeal ‘ACTIVITY 8: TEXTUAL FEATURES OF AN OPINION COLUMN Read the folowing opin clumn fom The Hara Cimon website and deny the ky fetus that you atc. What elements would yousay character ths ext type? ood : ‘www thecrimson.comicolummisocaly liberal fiscally liberaliartile/20%8/281 | = © > CS brooks-ending-socil-media! The Case for Ending rot ft a 9 he teal cane he wt social Mecha ti WSpeleags opts ee Serta Ree anes oy es Soe yA tb cng etic Sri Ges cts Ace pyenere eee Disorder’ for example). When confronted with quagrines fant Bein eras we abact Trp tesen tliat an ioe Sprint sores te wh oe iat ware ct ee ees Saou cane wives eh eke Seo aa ts Si te oe san oSsalaetaean oa iene win 8 mote tao ble a a ma Emer me ape nnd adh Sen Lu SES BONS Ay Sen rer beg Maran noon ingens washed se Estas Spy me upbeat ee ara ee Reece rete se Ne Naren mies os ee eee eee nnnes Misael etyen tu Gone Smrerene arenas te eee er Unt gt ntti? um etry ot a he enna a ‘oka an is le began to fe forth salty when these tae Shee be, ey Facsoal test Roget SteriaceSaeag Re Caw atwenienn byoitlng Suaton myn etn Tomer er stan ake rt rg roy (Sitceanacgeris meterateany Sites fai acess Steureaeeh Meares Me Seay mot be Coes In Nov. 206, the peril ection went ten: sacaee and Paha ae wae to wage ta Febican navies orl Tump, Pgh alens of tasers beara forrest hes Assan hacking ried ests Socetheccien revs fraps sare tat whch he lt ethane he ‘Sec oe pred peyote Rasan nem tees a en et abo overeat eel sande Pasar ap odd do Maaas Popes pret Dis Ola vas ses of dora nan Mote wigmnn ws faeonaes eer ate rd Irvnce ti ecto trough pepeania. ‘nenomaton the meet hence cnowadoed Commentators ave yet t apgeaate these and oer th omiery oer owe Ines way tht soggess 3 pater. OUD Ths author fos an ateratne. the ual xia ofc) med fa waned rest yer enema deterg and he oo. ‘beeyhasentedasagectedareed rise Syren pat ‘wether comiclurnsocial © > C brookeending-ocla-media Inte rear age of ade cae ser fare sttde toned the tenors has ah ‘Sroning rman ofr ecaoncal crouse, ne vi ars Watton Fans wt ert aa les godt bad depen ois {ae So gps hat non boars propaga ‘ScanetroasestsSoame See tegeed Tesetrd ‘eth ers on ep ee ately ce ‘tei got or Bot t's rey ama, Te dese contig, ikan and Amer S98 ‘Sage bit bth seen ae cing aha ena, th Condon media et fm ‘eid th. qucton er te formation tha he Irene messgn Manan rat ht the wees ‘aug ehcrtert'usnmeteghne hoon lets epee ht xy ye Teen acting to his vi, daca avs jt by sane an rare The von Ianauguated eon people made ‘hey cal ate ese te snc ofthe det {able yang the mye eng progenenes Ths whee the mtr ed up the Mapes ee ‘ane soc ie nar canged nea ‘Creative extension: You be the columnist. "Now tat you have failed youself withthe characters af an opiion clu Kompaing ths wath the ‘notes atthe end ofthe book i's you tun to be the curt. Choose atime sue rcurent evet that you al iscally-iberalortce201826 2 Approaches to nan Berry tents Telesion haber, cou A Ba madman rant" ase ent of Jorntte 9008 eee has ren 5 canenon tang at mong mca ee ‘cst who sanonege oc eda Pas made Sheatng and etiang case than wot 1 2 od fred Si cups There of okt ha oy Sanson note iss ech ena prone. Ur nw, he exe oo rio socal mad Bento euicsteepatyoura pty youtotsaps Bhs cat down nate tne, motor ces ‘tera tag aes lw eps pape ur the me force cine crt pat ‘her pols rst ether hes to isa ab The mecum teal rote, cating & ae of ‘eget pce it exces sagen, ses ‘forte, ander aso fc facet feats the cmon, he sa tae ths 6 ery ll {o actor fore ood of theca shut your stom {eel passionate about and write an argumentative piece in the style of clurns where work you adie ‘Conclusion ‘We have examined varie of omlterary ets inthis chapter through the lenses of specie lagged teary devices. Langage isa broad erm ences many differen ements, bt focusing on te elements we have outine in this chapter shuld provide os ‘wh god foundation eo bu our india inepretan and appreciation of texts Resources for additional study 1» Carer, R Bowring, M, Ged, and Rea D (2007), Working with Tae: A Cone “nrducin w Language Ana (Intertex, London Rouge, This the coe text in the Lmerexe series and pov a god overview fa range of tet. This eres nce other sflvexcsuch s Te Language of Newspapers by Danaca Rea and “The Language of Adee by Angcla Gord 1 The American aur wit (wea anercanthetric com) isa comprehensive source on che art of heer: Ie includes definiions and examples of key thetorcl stevie along with many more obscue devices) 5 walls a bank of peeches ‘npiized by etary (eT 100 Speeches, Grea New Speeches, Chua Speeches 1 Propagand Cite ttplpupaganacritic com) isa website which promotes ropa aalsis tsacergreensve cure of nfrmation el etre artic ‘cil media and fe newsas well as examples of ropa fram various msc medi Textual Analysis for English Language & Literature forte 8 Diploma: Skis for Sucess ‘Works cited “American Rhetoo: The Power Of Oratory in The Unied See Web aces 3 December 28, Amercerhtricim, 2018, Web acess 4 December 2018, Mp: ‘Ast Mn Salgado interview; The Mising Sate, 8 January 204, Web, accessed 3 December 18, Mpsitbemisingatcon/20}404 author fhe wonthminol sage! ‘Broks, Hen N, The Case or Ening Socal Mea The Hard Cao, 6 Febuary 218, "Web aces [9 Nove 2018, wa thecrinson coms sah bea srti!2082/rooks ending soi me! “Carwan of Niger Sells 07000 Ar The Eye US, Mal Ong, 21 Ober 28, Web, ‘Sccaed 1D Nove 2018, tt dye coronal 00641Craa mips Ses 5-00-05 (Crane Brain, VGA Callens, Ae You A Gil With A Str Sponge Heart? ponte {(04), We accesed 3 Decenber 218, ip: va aah tem O1GH0Ge Yous int poter

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