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Implementation of A Switched Capacitor Control Scheme PDF
Implementation of A Switched Capacitor Control Scheme PDF
Abstract: The use of switched capacitor banks A.1 Determine the set point or controller
is very important in distribution and transmission reference parameter and apply the correct
systems for power factor and voltage regulation amount of capacitor banks to correct the
applications. This white paper discusses the difference between the reference and the
implementation of a voltage control switch controlled parameter.
capacitor scheme by means of the user-defined
dynamic modeling (UDM) tools in ETAP. The To meet this objective the controller needs to
paper focuses on the controller model and its know the deviation from the desired control
definite or inverse-time characteristic operational value, the rate of change of the parameter, the
delays and time constants. The paper also amount of correction (kVAR to be applied) which
discusses the control set points and the is a factor of the magnitude of the deviation.
progressive capacitor switching implementation.
A.2 Minimize the range of operation and monitor
Key Words: Switched Capacitor Banks, over & under voltage conditions which can
switching capacitor controller, UDM model, power caused by the switching capacitor action.
factor correction and voltage drop control Determine the operational limits of the device and
allow the controller to prevent damage to the
system and itself.
I. INTRODUCTION
To meet this design criterion, the controller needs
The use of switching capacitors is widely used in to have information about the system maximum
the industry to correct power factor and under and minimum allowed voltage and current limits,
voltage conditions. Different control algorithms the time duration of the overloads.
are available from different manufacturers, but
most schemes can be generically approximated A.3 Control the total number of switching
by the use of the model presented in this paper. operations to extend the switching device
This paper discusses the aspects of operational life and minimize the frequency of
implementation of the switch-capacitor control switching events to prevent undesirable side
algorithm, but does not include switching effects in the system
capacitor transient behavior; however, the
controllers include safety factors, which prevent Switching counters, which monitor the daily,
over-switching the capacitor banks and the weekly or monthly number of operations of the
potential switching transient conditions. switching capacitors, are needed to limit the
Switching capacitor control schemes from movement and extend the operational life of the
different manufacturers are similar. The impact devices.
of switching capacitors in this paper is viewed
within the scope of steady-state voltage and B. Design Constraints
power factor correction. Typical operating times
of switching capacitor banks are in the range of
10 to 20 seconds to minutes and thus their inter- B.1 The size and cost of the capacitor banks
relation with fast voltage regulators which operate
in the millisecond to seconds range is not of B.2 The number of switching operations allocated
discussed in this paper. for the device
A. Controller Design Objectives B.3 The amount of voltage and power factor
deviation allowed along with switching transient
The basic goals of schemes to control capacitor factors will limit the design of the switching
switching rely mainly on the following principles.
1
capacitor banks and the operation and models as a definite time or as an inverse-time
programming of its controller characteristic. See figure 2.
C. PLC Controller
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III. PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS
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Figure 7: Reactive power and Voltage profile for
definite time delay
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VII. APPENDIX A – TRANSFER FUNCTION
Figure 8: Reactive power and Voltage profile for inverse
time delay
Refer to next page for UDM block diagram.
V. CONCLUSION
VI. REFERENCES
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