1- City-state: a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands.

2- Republic: government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name

3- Benelux: countries of Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg, influenced by
France and Germany but with their own distinct culture.
4- Nationalism: the belief that people should be loyal to their nation
5- Berlin Wall: border that divided the German capital of Berlin into east and west.
6- Nordic Countries: includes Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Sweden and Finland
7- Euro: common currency of the European Union
8- Cultural crossroads: a place where various countries cross paths
9- Balkanization: the process of a región breaking up into small, mutually hostile units
10- Satellite nation: nations dominated by another country