CONTENTS SINo. Content Page no. 01 | Scope 3 02 | References 3 03 _| Material Requirements 3 04 | Tools and Equipments 35 05 —_| Introduction 5-11 08 ‘| Procedure 11-25 07 —_| Safety Precautions 26Methodology for Repair of Rigid Pavement 4. Scope: The work shall consist of: 1. Identification of major distress types in the existing rigid pavements 2. Propose Repair Methodology for each identified distress types 2. References: * IRC SP 83-2008 * MoRT8H specifications fifth revision. * Technical specification of contract. 3. Material Requirements: *As per Chapter 12 of IRC SP 83- 2008 S| peor Extent of Damage tio YP Maximum Surface | Minimum | Type of Product jo. | defect ‘Area depth Full Conventional cement 1 | depth All Full depth | conerete with repair additives 2 pots <0.12m 30mm | Epoxy Mortar (1:3) Spalled | <0.12m%,longest | 65mm | Epoxy Mortar (1:3) 3 | joints, | dimension not : feaing | exceeding 600mm | 75mm | Epoxy concrete (1:6) Large | >0.12m?,longest | 30mm Eestomeric Spalled dimension ui 4 | ‘areas, | exceeding 600 mm ee scaling >0.5 m2 concrete =0.12 me 30mm Epoxy Mortar 5 | comer Elastomeric Breaks > 0.12 m? 5mm | Concrete! Epoxy Mortar 4. Tools and Equipment: For joint resealing * Plough for removing old sealant Wire Brushes Sand blasting equipment, air compressor with in-line filters to trap oil and water, hoses, 6 mm venturi- type tubeBroom and/or power vacuum. Backer rod installation tool/roller wheel Sealant applicator equipment (and mixing head for two component systems) Pail mixer Plastic measuring beakers Masking Tape Trowels Personal safety equipment (i.e.: gloves, masks, safety vest first air box etc.) For crack repair and cross-stitching Random crack saw (30mm dia. diamond blades) Vertical spindle router (belt drive) Single headed scabbling tool or router (crack cutter) Template Small portable generator Portable air compressor Min. 71 litres/sec at 0.55 Nimm? Rotary impact hammer drill Trowels and floats Personal safety equipment (gloves, masks, safety vest first air box etc.) For spall repair Concrete saw (170 mm to 250 mm dia. diamond blades for large patches, 130 dia. for small patches) 170 to 250 Portable air compressor Min. 71 litres/sec at 0.55 Nimm? Electric chisel Club Hammer (4 kg) Cold Chisels Pail mixer, hand held or paddle wheel Mixing pails, small Plastic measuring beakers Masking Tape Hand tools, shovel, trowels, tampers and screeds Personal safety equipment (i.e. gloves, masks, safety vest etc.) For partial/full depth and whole slab replacement repairs 50-60 H.P. diesel or petrol mobile concrete saws (smaller machine may be suitable for limestone aggregate concrete) 750 - 1000 mm dia. Diamond saw blades for full depth repair and 300 - 450 mm dia. Diamond saw blades suitable for partial depth cutting, (Fig 13.1 of IRC SP: 83 - 2008) Portable air compressor min 118 litres/sec at 0.55 Nimm and concrete breaking tools /jack hammer (14 kg) Heavy duty wire cutters or bolt croppers Small portable generator Rotary drillClub hammer (4 to 6 ka) Cold chisels Drilling jig or frame Welding equipment (for continuously reinforced slabs) Frame for holding dowel bars in position until resin mortar hardens (ointed slabs) * Poker vibrator(s) + Vibrating finishing beam (for leveling surface uniformly) + Wire Tyne (for surface texturing) 5. Introduction: A detailed site condition survey was conducted to identify the distress type and their mapping over the extent of rigid pavement. The data was used to classify the distress types (functional/structural) and further to detail the repair methodology based on the guidelines of IRC: SP: 83-2008, for each of these observed defect types. Major Distress types observed in the existing Rigid Pavement slabs are classified as per IRC: SP: 83 — 2008 as under: A. Cracking * Single discrete cracks (longitudinal/transverse) not intersecting with any joint Single transverse crack intersecting with one or more joints ‘Single Diagonal crack intersecting with one or more joints Single Longitudinal crack intersecting with one or more joints Multiple cracks intersecting with one or more joints, Comer breaks B. Surface defects + Raveling and Honeycombing type surface + Loss of texture/Polished surface/Glazing + Popouts & Potholes C. Joint defects + Joint Seal defects + Spalling at joints The distresses as classified above have been photographed and are appended to their descriptions in the following paragraphs. The location mentioned on the photographs identity the location of typical distress class observed over the rigid pavement extent, so as to allow proposals for repair methodology in respect of each of the typical distress types, to be applied at all locations where similar distresses are observed / mapped.5.1 Single Discrete Cracks (longitudinal or transverse) not intersecting with any joint: 5.2 Single Transverse Crack intersecting with one or more joints: Transverse Cracks — Linear cracks that is at approx. right angles to the pavement center line,5.3. Single Diagonal Crack intersecting with one or more joints: Diagonal Cracks - these are those linear cracks that extends diagonally across the slab 5.4 Single Longitudinal Crack intersecting with one or more joints: Longitudinal cracks - These cracks run almost parallel to center line of pavement5.5 Multiple Cracks intersecting with one or more joints: Multiple Cracks — Connecting cracks which are not in a straight line. 5.6 Corner Breaks: These are diagonal full depth cracks that intersects the comer joints at less than a half width of the panel.5.7 Raveling and Honeycombii e surface defect: loss of fine aggregates and hardened cement paste/laitance from the surface through abrasion that may or may not have been previously cracked is termed as Raveling and Honey combing type surface defect. 5.8 Loss of texture/Polished surface/Glazing surface defect: Loss of surface texture is a measure of smoothness of concrete pavement. surface. With time the texture gets smoothened due to abrasion. Polished surface is that surface that has become flat and polished following the ‘wearing of mortar away over coarse monomineralic or soft aggregates.5.10 Popout and Potholes surface defect: Popouts — Small hole left in the pavement surface normally 25 mm to 100 mm dia. and 10 mm to 50 mm deep. Potholes — Large hole left in the pavement surface generally larger than 150 mm (dia.) x 50 mm (deep) resulting from loss of material under traffic. 5.11 Joint Seal defect: 105.12 Spalling at cracks & joints: Cracking or breaking off or chipping off the upper corner of the joint or crack, that may extend to a certain lateral distance 6.0 Procedure: Strategy for repair of each distress type has been included in this report and the same is given in Annexure |. Repairing methodology for the above discussed distresses shall be done as per the techniques enumerated below Watering of the seeded areas shall be carried out as needed or as determined by the Engineer. 6.1 Crack Sealing: A. Gravity application of Low viscosity epoxy resin — For shrinkage cracks a. Clean the area by air blasting b. Measure correct proportion of resin and hardener as mentioned by manufacturer or TDS. c. Pour low viscosity (300 centipoise @ 20°C — 110 centipoises @ 30°C), free flowing, fast curing epoxy resin into cracks of 0.5 mm to 5 mm wide to secure broken concrete pieces together. d. Allow it to be cured as per the recommendation of the manufacturer. istB. Epoxy resin injection - Spalled or broken edge a. Route groove 30 mm deep on both sides of the crack and at a distance 10-12 mm each side. b. Spalled or broken edge shall be shaped neatly c. Clean and prime the area d. Apply epoxy resin in correct proportion of resin and hardener using Epoxy resin injection. e. The repaired area shall be in line with the joint groove and shall be flush with the concrete slabs. f. During repair work, any damaged noticed to the joint sealant shall be made good by raking out the affected portion and resealing g. Allow it to be cured as per the recommendation of the manufacturer. C. Epoxy Mortar (1:3) - For shrinkage cracks a. Route groove 30 mm deep on both sides of the crack and at a distance 10-12 mm each side. b. Clean by air blasting and prime the area ©. The resin should fill the crack such that no more resin should go inside it any further. d. The repaired area shall be in line with the joint groove and shall be flush with the conorete slabs. e. During repair work, any damaged noticed to the joint sealant shall be made good by raking out the affected portion and resealing f. Allow it to be cured as per the recommendation of the manufacturer. D. Epoxy resin injection - for structural repair of deep cracks. a. Bore holes along the cracks and clean by air blasting b. Inject the resin at high pressure. c. The resin should fill the crack such that no more resin should go inside it any further. d. The repaired area shall be in line with the joint groove and shall be flush with the concrete slabs. e. During repair work, any damaged noticed to the joint sealant shall be made good by raking out the affected portion and resealing f. Allow it to be cured as per the recommendation of the manufacturer. 6.2 Sealand Stich: a. Preliminary vertical holes (dia, = 45 mm), 30 mm deep are drilled in an altemating pattern at 500 mm spacing apart, where inclined hole starts to facilitate its drilling b. Altemate inclined holes (dia. = 16 mm) about 30° to 40° from the slab normal to the line of crack are drilled; the length of holes shall be 1.70 times slab thickness. The holes should be spaced as mentioned in A. above and alternate from each side of the crack. . Clean the holes using air compressor. The holes are filled with epoxy resin in enough quantity for the bar to be completely coated when inserted in the hole. 29 12e. AHigh Yield Strength Bar (12 mm dia.) conforming with IS 1786 is placed in every hole. f. A groove 30 mm deep on both sides of the crack and at a distance 10-12 mm each side shall be made along the line of cracks displaying spalling and filed with low viscosity resin or fine epoxy mortar as mentioned in para 6.1.1 of IRC SP 83-2008. SIDE VIEW Ford . Drill the holes 30 mm dia. toa max. depth of D/2, where D is slab thickness. . Cut the slit of 30 mm widths of a depth of 50 mm less than D/2 Remove debris and clean the holes and siit using air compressor. Roughen the sides of holes and slits by sand blasting/sand paper. Insert the steel bars (Fe415) as shown in fig. ). Fill the hole and slit with epoxy mortar (1:3, epoxy: sand) up to 10 mm above the top surface of stee! bar. o e@>ea9 13h. Above this level, non-shrinkable concrete or any other equivalent material may be filled up to the top level of POC. i. Fill the sides of the groove with low viscosity epoxy. j. Allow it to be cured as recommended by manufacturer, Botom of POC pe 6.4 Dowel Bar Retrofit (Transverse Cracks): a. Select proper repair materials to be used. b. The slot to be cut is marked parallel to the centre line of the pavement with a length of about 800-800 mm ensuring haif-length on either side of crack/joint. c. Vertical holes (40 mm dia.) are drilled at the ends of planned slot to such a depth that the dowel bar centre line will be in the middle of the slab thickness. d. The slot (50 to 65 mm wide and slightly deeper than the half the slab depth) sides are cut and the bottom sides are levelled between the holes drilled at each end. The saw operator aligns the head before the joint or crack then plunges into the concrete and advances across the joint or crack. The plunging and moving back and forth across the joint or crack creates a flat bottom at the required depth. e. The outside wheel path dowel is between 300 mm to 375 mm from the pavement edge and inside wheel path dowels shall be 450 mm to 600 mm inside the centre line of pavement. 14f. Break the fin using Jack Hammer and remove it using chisel and hammer. g. Joints and transverse cracks with load transfer less than 40 % shall be retrofitted with dowels prior to diamond grinding, The total defiections of the slab shall also be checked to ensure that it is less than 0.8 mm. If the deflection is greater than 0.8 mm the slabs should be stabilised prior to the diamond grinding h. The slotsipits are cleaned carefully and dried out if moist using sand blasting followed by air blasting. i. The crack or joint is caulked at the bottom and sides of the slot to keep patching material from entering the crack or joint and build bridges across the crack or joint. j. The dowel is covered with debonding agent such as form oil or grease to allow slide movement within the hardened patch. No oil or grease shall fall onto any of the slot surfaces because it would not allow the patching material to bond to the slot and could cause the patch to fail. Placing a sleeve over the dowel is not recommended because inherent looseness could cause the dowel to socket and fail k. The dowel is prepared with non-metallic expansion end caps, a plastic foam or filler board joint reformer in the middle and non- metallic chairs. Retrofitiing dowels are the same as those used in the pavement with a few modifications. Dowels mostly used are round mild steel bars not less than 450 mm long. Depending on the slab thickness, the dowel diameter is 32 mm to 36 mm. (Ref: IRC:58). Before applying form cil or grease the dowels should be epoxy coated over the entire surface including the ends to prevent corrosion and joint lock-up. |. Aresin coat is applied to the slot walls and a resin mortar layer to the slot bottom before placing the dowel horizontally, if the patching mix is resin mortar. m. The dowels in the slots are inserted so that the chair legs are in the ‘saw cut kerfs at the bottom of the slot, in this position, the dowel will be aligned in the pavement middle line, parallel to the pavement surface. The joint reformer should be over the joint or crack with half-length dowel on each side. The legs and sides of the chairs should be smug against the slot walls to keep the dowel from moving during placement of the patch material 1. The slot is filled with resin or fast track concrete mortar which attains minimum compressive strength of 10 MPa within 3 hours. Compact with a spud vibrator around the dowel without hitting it. ©. The patch mix shall have properties as mentioned in clause 11.1.2 of IRC: SP:83-2008 . A curing compound is applied. . The road can be opened to traffic when the patch material has gained strength of at least 32 MPa. The pavement is then finished with diamond grinding apEage oS 32 dla Dowel Bars 1450 ong ‘3-4 per whee! path (@ 300375 ce TYPICAL Slt 500 ong x50 wide Layout of Dowel Bars Wem 1) an Miepth otal As tenaes te dovetbar rae Compreanae saint rack SIDE VIEW 1 Side View 16 10 POC ator Reosir6.5 Tie Bar Retrofit (Longitudinal Cracks): a. The method of placing retrofit tie bars across longitudinal cracks is similar to Dowel bar retrofit, except spacing shall be 450 mm — 600 mm depending on thickness of slab. b. Tie bars should be similar to that used in longitudinal joints 6.6 Partial Depth Repair: 6.6.1 Longitudinal, transverse cracks with/without spalling & spalling at cracks a. The area to be repaired shall extend 50 mm beyond the spall limits and be at least 100 mm x 250 mm in plan x depth b. The depth is normally 65 mm deep minimum (+15 mm) for epoxy mortar/polymer concrete type repair or 40 mm deep (+/- 10 mm) for elastomeric concrete (See Fig. PDR1). c. Small steel studs cut from reinforcing bar may be drilled and epoxied into place in an approximate grid pattern (100 mm X 100 mm) to provide an extra key effect similar as shown for the treatment of popouts as shown in Fig. PDR2. 4d. The area to be treated is marked following the guidelines as set out in Full depth repair. e. The materials and procedure are selected for patching in consultation with the Engineer in-Charge. f. The upper 50 mm of the concrete (or deeper if the spall is wide but not deeper than one third of the slab thickness) is saw cut parallel to the joint. The patch shall not expose any dowel bar or reinforcement. If a dowel bar or reinforcement is exposed the surrounding concrete shall be completely removed to at least 25 mm below the bar or wire as shown in Fig. PDR1 for typical layouts. g. The upper/unsound concrete layer between the joint and saw cut is chipped out; by manual or mechanical chipping. h. The pit surface is cleaned eliminating all dust and exposing the concrete grain texture. Check the air blown by the compressor for oil and moisture with the help of a Cloth. Sandblast the surface to remove dirt, oil, residual unsound concrete and laitance and to improve texture. Air blast the surface to complete cleaning. Check the prepared surface for cleanliness by rubbing across with the hand or a cloth. If the pit is not immediately patched, cleaning operations shall be repeated The patch pit is checked for unsound concrete before starting the patch. If unsound concrete is detected it should be removed and the pit cleaned again by air blasting i. During spall repair, the existing joint groove shall be protected against leaking of fresh resin or cement mortar that could build bridges between the two slabs. If non-flexible patch material is used 7an oiled piece of ply board should be placed to form a bond breaker plate in the adjacent joint(s) to avoid penetration of patching material in the joint. The bond breaker plate should be inserted 25 mm deeper than the patch and should have the same upper level as the slab. Laterally the plate should extend 75 mm on both sides of the patching hole. The bond breaker plate should be slightly thicker than the joint opening and be slightly compressed after installation. Latex caulking can be used to seal any gaps between the bond breaker plate and the joint opening. The bonding agent is mixed carefully according to the manufacturer's instructions. The clean surface of the patch hole is coated with the bonding agent (water cement slurry, resin, etc. as specified by the manufacturer) for a certain time before the patching mix is brought The bonding agent should not be allowed to collect in pockets and it should be at the appropriate consistency (sticky) when the patching operation starts. The patching mix is prepared using a small drum or paddle-type mixers with capacity of about 0.2 m3. A small Jiffy mixer may be used for smaller patches. Aggregates and binder may be previously weighed and bagged. Mixing times and proportions are strictly observed. Too long mixing will reduce the short time that is available to patch. The patch materials are placed by slightly overiiling the pit to allow for volume reduction during compaction/screeding. Aggregate mixes shall be placed with a shovel, because dumping from buckets or wheelbarrows causes segregation. Cementitious mixes shall be vibrated to release entrapped air. The vibrator shall be held at 15° - 30° from the vertical and lifted up and down until the whole patch is covered. It should not be moved horizontally in the patch Some patches may be too small for the use of internal vibrating needles and vibrating screeds. Rodding and tamping or cutting with a trowel or other small hand tool is acceptable. ‘Some polymer mixes including epoxy mixes which have high heat of hydration, should in certain adverse conditions, be placed in several 38 mm to 50 mm thick lifts with waiting times between lifts as recommended by manufacturers. .. Proprietary patch materials shall be cured as recommended by the manufacturers. 18, / ‘Symptom ‘Symptom 13) Shallow SpatingComer crack) Onep Spang Along Joint. PLAN VIEW 1) Adblast Clean 4) Sawcut boundaries to eth 85mm mi 2) Graviy seal wih 2} Remove damaged concrete and Clean Tow wsconty | spony 5) Seabees san cts 5) Pree ana pos pony mora pa v { = ‘Seal with ow viscosity Epoxy (Ret Para 6.1 2a)) _b) Partial Depth Repair Ret Para 8.1) ‘GROSS-SECTION GROSS.SECTION PDR1: Repair of shallow cracking and spalling near joints, IRC SP 83-2008 eee (ents caer gr 99-0 /Pet leo (rearnrica retangutar Provide 1 No. Stor each 10a 10am plan ae fam BITS count secs ‘manta may any sonataered ste" conaacng Siyeotateeeceotrnn cee pic. GROSS-SECTION PDR2: Repair of Popouts, Source IRC SP 83-2008 196.6.2 Partial Depth Repair using Epoxy Mortar Formulation a. Surface Preparation: a. The affected portions are firstly made free of all loose and unsound materials b. The surface is kept clean and dry at proper temperature. There are following three cases of surface preparation c. depending upon the distress type. Gase 1 - When Concrete is to be Cut to a Depth: For removal of unsound concrete and loose concrete, chisel and hammer manually or pneumatically can be adopted. If possible, the sides may be given a slight slant to that of the base of the groove, so formed is somewhat wider than the top to ensure better keying for the repair work. If a joint cutting machine is available, 10 mm - 20 mm deep peripheral cuts at the top can be made initially. Case II - When Cutting in Depth is not Required: Those surfaces or areas which are sound and do not require concrete removal in depth, are thoroughly cleaned to remove oil, dirt, asphalt, mortar droppings, weak laitance etc. Light chiselling (up to a depth of 1 mm) is beneficial even where extraneous matter is not present at the surface. If neither chiselling nor sand blasting can be adopted, the cleaned surface may be treated with dilute hydro-chloric acid @ 4 kg/ 10 sq. m. in two applications. Sand blasting and chiseliing are, however, to be preferred over acid treatment. Case Ill - When Shallow Fine Cracks are to be Repaired: For repair of shallow fine cracks or cracks with no edge spalling, no surface preparation beyond cleaning the strip of concrete on either side of the crack is needed. In case of wider, spalled cracks, all foreign matter including joint sealing compound used to seal them are fully removed from in and around the cracks with the help of rakers and chisels. Any unsound concrete around the crack is also chiselled out or grouted or cut out with the small diameter concrete saw. The prepared notch should be at least 3 mm to 4 mm deep. b. Cleaning Before the Repair: The prepared surface, recess or groove may be blasted with compressed air to clean it thoroughly and made dry before the repair application c. Application of Tack Coat/Cement_Slurry: All resin repairs commence with the application of a tack coat on the prepared concrete surface formulation which is selected for use in the resin mortariresin concrete for the repairs. Normally one coat of tack coat for horizontal surface, and two coat application for vertical faces may be applied. The approximate amount required is 3.2 kg/10 sq. m. for epoxy resin formulation6.6.3 Partial Depth Repair Popout and Potholes: a. Chipping starts in the middle of the patch and progresses to the borders. The chisel point shall be directed towards the inside of the patch at about 45°. Hand tools or a light electric chiselling machine of weight 6.8 kg maximum with spade bit may be used. Drill and epoxy grout in stud. Prime with low viscosity epoxy on bottom and vertical sides. Fill the patch with epoxy mortar (1:3) Finish the surface in line and level with POC pavement. eaoc [Shiserto sound concrete giva Pop-Out Pothole in PAG Inear vertical rectangular shape. Ipaten with Epoxy Mortar [See Notes Solow Dail & foe 12mm dia HYSD Stu with epoxy grout axn Provide 1 No. Stud for each 10 cm x 10cm plan area Notes 1) Depth § cm 2) HYSD Studs to be provided with 15 mm cover 3) High Early Strength Nor Shrink GrouUMortar ‘material may only be considered after conducting tal of product (8) proposed by the Contractor, & 30 mm TYP - Bottom PAC ic CROSS-SECTION 216.7 Full Depth Repair: The area to be treated is marked according to the guidelines as mentioned in para 5.6 & 5.7 of chapter 5 of IRC: SP: 83 - 2008. The perimeter of the area to be repaired shall be cut with a concrete saw to the specified depth. Transverse perimeter cuts are first made around the boundary of the repair down to about a quarter (1 /4) to a third (1/3) of the slab thickness. Separate full depth cuts are then made for removal of the slab (See Fig. FOR1) The concrete between the two cuts provides a buffer to prevent undercut spalling and allows chipping for exposing the steel dowelltie bar reinforcement. Always cut toward the shoulder so that any shear force developed from the compression of the slabs get concentrated and relieved in the paved shoulder portion. Holes are drilled for dowel bars or tie bars in the edge walls of the remaining slab portion. Both standard pneumatic or hydraulic percussion drills are acceptable. The hole shall be 2 mm bigger than bar diameter for epoxy anchor material or 6 mm bigger than the bar diameter for cement-based anchor material The dowel hole is cleaned carefully by means of a nozzle and compressed air. Prior to this operation ensure that the compressor is not blowing oil and moisture contaminated air by blowing into a piece of dry cloth. The epoxy anchoring material is fed to the back of the hole before inserting the doweltie bars Reinforcement is fixed in top of the repair when the length to width ratio of the patch exceeds 1.5 so as to control any cracking on account of the shape factor. (10 mm dia. high yield deformed bar @ 200 mm c/c in both directions). The reinforcement shall be placed about 75 mm below the top surface. Conerete is poured in the pit from ready mix or batch trucks, or site mixed for small jobs in small mixers. Evenly distribute and compact the mix by penetration of a vertical vibrator. Special care is important to compact concrete in the corners, along the patch perimeter and around the dowel bars. Strike off and finish the concrete surface with a vibrating screed or manual screed depending upon the size of work. Hand finishing should be minimum as it will leave undulations in the surface. A wire brushitined texture is applied to get surface texture to match the existing pavement. Suitable curing conditions are provided immediately by means of a liquid membrane curing compound Laboratory tests shall be performed in advance to determine the appropriate mix proportions and establish the time required to achieve the minimum compressive strength required to open to traffic. The minimum compressive strength of repairs before opening to traffic should not be less than 32 MPaTOP VIEW ISOLATION CUTS 50-75 mm SAW < D/2) 1 —— as SAW FULL DEPTH 1.5 mMIN NORMAL < BREAK REDUCED BREAK ENERGY . L JACK HAMMER LESS THAN 7 KG LONGITUDINAL SECTION BREAK IN CENTRE AND MOVE OUTWARD TOWARD BUFFER CUTS Fig. FDR1: Buffer cuts for protection repair perimeters from undercut spalling 2320 nmda HYSO TE BARS stoma ‘Sew an FllOwph And Remove Cracted/ Detective Potion |CROSS.SECTION Wades inti > mc ‘Remove loose material and ti any depressions with concrete [RETAN SMOOTH DOWEL BARS S00 mmole NOTE: 10 dia HYDS rebar roquiod whoro LB > 1.5 FULL DEPTH REPAR_ FOR TRANSVERSE CRACK SHOWN Not To Seale) 246.8 Dismantle and Reconstruct whole slab: The area to be replaced are marked Cut the slab keeping in mind that position of Dowel Bars and Tie bars are not to be disturbed. Replace the whole slab and check the causes of damage that could be poor drainage and lack of support. Before reconstruction, the sub-drainage system and the sub-base shall be repaired as appropriate and interface reinstated New Dowel bars and Tie bars shall also be retrofitted, if required Tie bars are to be fitted along the longitudinal joint. Hand drills are acceptable for drilling holes to suit 16 mm dia. HYSD bars with embedded length appropriate to the anchor material. 6.9 Raveling and Honeycombing type surface: Bonded Inlay a o The repair material is selected consulting with Engineer In-charge, generally polymer modified cementitious concrete or grout mix will do. Clean and Prime the area to be bonded Laboratory tests shall be performed in advance to determine the appropriate wic ratio. Spread the mix uniformly and finish the surface in proper level with the PQC pavement. Texture the patch. Apply curing compound. 6.10 Clean Joints and reapply sealai a Old sealant in the joint shall be removed by using Rectangular Plough/ rakes or diamond - bladed sawing or High-Pressure water blasting Reface the joint to provide a clean surface for bonding with the new sealant to establish a reservoir of the proper size to produce the desired shape factor (Ratio of sealant or Joint width (W) and sealant depth (D)) Following refacing of joint, the joint shall be cleaned with high- pressure air or water. The backer rod shall be installed as soon as possible after the joints are air blasted. The backer rod must be a flexible, non- absorptive material that is compatible with the sealant material in use. The backer rod should be about 25 percent larger in diameter than the joint width. As soon as possible after backer rod placement, the sealant material shall be installed.7. Safety precautions: + Wherever required, Flagman shall be provided * Levelling staff shall be fiber or Wooden. * Any labor, if being used in the job for surveying shall be screened and trained. + Allworkmen at work area shall wear PPE’s and reflective jackets. * During night work sufficient lighting shall be provided + Itshall be ensured that the safety belts were wore, tied and anchored properly while working at heights. + Allworking platforms shall be tied at the both ends firmly. * Correct lifting techniques * Understanding hazardous materials used and correct mixing and application * Moving vehicles outside the site * Correct use and handling of plant * Awareness of underground and or overhead cables and utility services * Availability and general awareness of First Aid Kits * Traffic Arrangements and control shall be as per chapter 15 of IRC: SP: 83 - 2008 26