MHHMCTEPCTBO SAEKTPOCTAHLUM CCC BCECOIOSHBI MHCTHTYT ,PHAPOSHEPFOnPOEKT* JlewnurpancKoe orgenenne TYPBUHHOE OBOPY LOBAHWE PMAPOSJIEKTPOCTAHLIMU PYKOBOJCTBO JIA NPOEKTHPOBAHHA HB3MAHHE BTOPOE TIEPEPABOTAHHOE H XONOAHEHHOE (od obiged pedauced Goxmopa mexaureckux Hays, npogieccopa (AA_MOP TOcy JAPCTBEBHOE SHEPPETHYECKOE 3A TEyIpCTBO MOCKBA 1958 IEHMMPPAT,4)3 Hactoamee pyxosogcrdo cocraanam: %. B. Anocos, HW. M. Tamve 40. E, MapKaan. PC, Poapurman, A, A. Ennoxumon, A. C. Epemees, A. E. Kuyao, HH. Keaa- pespa, A. II, Kaouxos, A. I. Jlanr, 3. A. Menreas, A. A. Mo- poson, lr. M. Cepe6paxos, H. H. Cuupnon, MH. Cuupuon, A.C, Waneaee, H, H, UlepGuaedaa (Jlewmarpagcxoe orzeseune unetutyra ,Pnaposnepronpoekt", JTennurpancknit Momutexnuseckuit uacta- ryt vent M. H. Kaawanna, Jlenuurpanckuii Meraaauueckui anon uveat Craam#a, sapoa ,9aekrpociia* mwent C. M, Kuposa n sanog, HoxbeMHo-Tpancnoptiioro oGopynonaka nen Kuposa) Peaakumounaa Koaaserun: A. A. Moposos (rsasuuit peaaxtop), A. I. KaoaKon, HH, Keaapesa, H. H. Konaaen, Pywosodemao code pacum ame puuau no mypSunnony o6opydoeanuo, HeoGxoduntle OAR npoeKmuposanus 2u0 posseKmpocmanuud. Ha.20aceHts cnedeHus, CCHOsEHHME HA coEpeNeKHUX DocMuDCeEHURE omevecmeeHHocd my p6unoempoenus., B ruuze npusodamen zudpacautecrue paceems npomornol 1acmu myp6ur, mocmpoenue skcnayamawonnx yruecpeaasneux xa paxmepu- emus, danwse 0 peeyarmopax cKopocmu myp6un w asmoxamusaxut cud posexanwtecKozo oFopydoeanux, QaAKME 0 scnoMOLamerEKOM OBOPY- SoeanuH, 0 zenepamopar, 0 MoKmaae W pexoNme mypSunnozo oGopy- doeanus, Kuuza mpednasnarena dan unacenepoa w mexnuxos, sanxmer npoeK- muposanuest oFopydosanux 2ud por.ecm pocmanyutl, a maxace dan emy- Geos snepzoxauunoem poumeavnucx u sHepeemueckux unemumymoa Bax yaumemor. TYPBHHHOE OBOPYLOBAHHE FAAPOSTEKTPOCTA HIME Peaaxrop A, JT. Moaccsumunos, Texs. peaawrop A. A. a6 poduuc. Cano 8 nponsnoxerso 31/VIT 1958 Toxnwcano « nevarn 21/X 1958 r. Tes. a, 533-48 axes. gg Waewom a, 62, opuar 84> 1081/5 . Meua 9 nepenaere No 532 p, 85 x. m nepennere Ne 7-34 p. 35 x. 10479 Tupax 6200 9x0, Baxas 1361 Tunorpadus Tocstepronsaata. Mocksa, UI0308.5 1a6., 10. NPE AMCAOBUE Tepsce usaaune Hacroamero pykoBoacTBa, suinyutentioe TocsHeprouanatom 8 1949 r., Aazno pagouioce HK TOMY 2Ke B HeKoTOpOit cnoell acm yake yerapezo. B cpaaH ¢ 9THM Haspesa teo6xo_uMOcTb SuRyCTHT HORoe HRAHHNe KuHa, OTparKaIO- nee HIMeHCHUA, KOTOPHIE npowsoiNAIH B odaacTIL SWApOsHeprocTpouTembCTBA 3a TloccteMee LecATH- serie. Ha mpormkexni storo spewenit pperenta 8 erpoit Bowxkexas TSC umenn B. HW. Jenna wt paspepuyto ctponreaserBo CrasmuirpaacKoii TSC ¢ TypOHNAMH, HMeomNH HaNGonbuntTt 5 MHpe gHamerp paGouero Koeca (9.3 4); m0- erpoenst Lamasicxan u Hapscxan TOC, 209 KoTOpBIX Ghia CnpoekTHpoBaH arperan HOBO KOHCTPYKWNH—C MOAMSTHHKOM Ha KDBIIKE TypOuub; MpoekTupyerca yHMKastoe nO MOUL- noerit Typ6uintoe oGopyzosanne aa Kpacno- spcxoi a Bparcsot TSC wa Goxumux cu6up- cKHN pexax—Exncee m AHrape; sanpoeKTupo- sana Henckan TOC ¢ ovens Guerpoxomubiun yyp6uuamu; wocrpoexa Tiowywexan TOC, wa Kotopoit ycraionaeHs camme BbICoKONaTOpHEe 13 OTENECTBEHHDIX PalasIbHO-oceBLIX TYPOHH; lipoekrupyercs appansceax T3C, Koropas Oy- net OSopygopata MoILBINH KOBLIOBLIMM “TYD- Guvamu; paspa6oranst HoBbe MOULNLe THT peryanTopos cKopocTHt Ais pastx cHtcTeN TyPOHH. TIponeseria Comuiad Hayuwo-ticctegonaTet- ckan paGora lo yaysulenitio NporosHoli ¥acTH TYp- Gin; cosnaHbt HOBKIe THT pa6o¥HX KoseC TO- popoTHOONACTHLIX TYPOHH Is BCeTO MpHMeHsTe- Moro xuanagona GuictpoxomHocteit; cxoueTpyHpo- Ball pat HOBLIX PAGOUNX KoTeC PAAHasIbHO-OCeBLIX > ypOUn KaK JIA CpeAWHX, TAK Hf AIA BBICOKHX Ha- ‘opos; paspaGoraHbl HOBbIe THMbl OTCACLIBAIO- ‘uux Tpy6 1 mponerena cepus Hembitanni TypOmH- \BIX KaMep; OCYULECTBAeHEI KaBHTAMOHHEe C- cBITANHA psita padouHx KosIee TYPOUH. Bowsume yenexn OcTHrAYTH! Taw BH roropslenuH FeHepatopon m noxBemuo-Tpasienopr- koro OGopyaoBaius 4 B xpyrHx cMerkHDx o6a- crax. Haxonex 3a 9ro spema 1 Gosputoii onbir no HpoexTHpoBaHHIO HM S9KCMyaTaNA OCHOBHOTO It BerloMoraTeaBHOFO TYPGUAHOrO OGopyAoRAHHs. TIpoucwequme HsMeHeHusa 8 TypOHHocTpoe- HIM H CM@KHBIX OGAACTAX OTPADKeHEL BO BTOpOM usaamm Kunry, B sto waqaie Boula HoBas noMenk.tatypa typOus Jlewmrpagekoro Meraa- aiueckoro 3anoda uamean Craama (JIM3) Beecoiosiioro HaysHo-Hcc-teoBaTeaBeKoro MNCTH- tyra ruapomauinioctpoenaa (BATM) it cootper- cTReHHO WsMeHeH RCe MaTepHadi, comaaHHe © THnaxm paGomx xKoxec; paspaGotam Hoste MeTOD pacteTa H HocTpoeHlis SKeMYATANHONHETX YHHBePCANBHBIX XApaKTepUCTHK B OGLIEEIX H lorapucbMHYeCKHX KOOpAMHaTaX; MpHBenena Me- TOLOOTHA BHIGOPA PacueTHOrO Hanopa; paspaGo- ‘Tan Hoawil, ynpomennetii Meron Tocrpoenns op- Mal ONepTaHHs TypOMUIBIX KANep; MpHBeReREL MarepHasio 1 MporpaMMuomy perycmponauo ‘TypGun; onyGauKopatia MetoyoorHa pacuera SarBopos mepex TypOnnas; mpusenen pesyais- TaTh HCCHeAOBAHHIL NO MPUMeHeHiO SKeKTHPYW- uuix yerpoiicra sun GopeOm c HoMiDKeHHeM Ha- nopa it MouIMOCTH pH nponycKe naBoaKa. Bo Bropom H3AaHHH xtiMrH Ha ocHoBaNM Onbita HpoeKTHPOBAKHA H 9KemayaTaNUN THApO- SaeKTpocTannutil suaunTeabHO pactinpeHo OrH- cane peryasTopHoro it Beero BeHOMOraTesBHOrO THapoMexanuueckoro oGopygoRaHis; AOSABAeH MaTepHadbi 110 KOHTPOABHO-HaMepHTeAbHO an- laparype; paapurix H AOHOAHEHH! MaTepHaatEl Ho apTOMATHSALNH rHAPOMeXaNMYECKOrO OGopYyA0- paHMs; OcReLLeHE BONPOCK MOHTa:Ka H pemonTa TypOuHHoro oGopyaosanua.Mpeducaooue Pacumpen um nepepa6oran paszer mo ocy- ecraennomy typGunuomy OGopyaosanmo, Kak ‘eecTsellioMy, Tak 1m HNOcTpaitomy; 8 Hero cnouenbi Bee HaitGouee uATepectiiie H Kpyrme iapoaexrpocranunn, Pasyen, noceauensti re- 2paropam, flonioaiiesi onneaniiem KoncrpyKunit JHpeMeHHEIX MAUIN H pacteTHnEIMNL JLaHTLIMGT To OSMOXKHBIM MpeAEsIAM MOBLUEHUA HX wOULHOCTH Buecte ¢ Tem, 3 Hoporo H3aniiA KHNTH C- arouents Marepuianst no mamsia TSC, nocKosBKy HacTosuleMy BpeMeHH yxe onyGrHKoHAK pA HeuWaabHLIx TPYAOB, MOCBAINEHHAX oTHM cTan- wim. Visparst ‘Taioke nce yerapepime mare- mass Bosbutyo HoMOUs B opranHsamun pador no \Topomy HaaaHio KHHTH OkasaaH aBTopcKoMy kosaexriey aujpktop uneruryra arperata ChepX HOMHHasbHO, 8 npexesax, 201 KaeMBIX MPOwHOCTHIO MalIINHBL, MO coriacoBaHin© € sanoqom-HsToToBHTeTeM., § 1-2, Cucrempt TypGuH # oGaactn Hx npHmenenHs Cucres TypOHH Xapaxrepnayrores pains HHaabEBIMH OCOGCHHOCTAMH HX paGO¥HX Ko.tec. B nactonulee BpeMsi NpHMeHsIOT cslenyiOULte OcHOBHBG CHCTEMBI THIPAaBAHYeCKUX TYPOUH: a) mopoporxosonacruie (Kantaua); 6) mponeatepHst 3) panuasbio-ocesue (pexcnca); r) Kopmonsie (Iemstowa). VY nopopotwononactuon rypGunst 1onacrh pactioaoxeHst Ha BTY.aKe pa6ouero Ko" ieca H MoBOpaNHBaloTes BOKPYT cBONX oceli, Nep: NeHAHKYAAPHBIX K ocH Baza. MepusHoHaitbHat cocTaBNAIOLLAH CKOPOCTH TECHS 2KILIKOCTH B 30 1e paGovero Koaeca HMeeT OCeBOe HanDaRTeHHe VY nponeasepuot ryp6xns, B oramune or TMoBopoTHosonacrHoli, slonactH HenoABIKHO saxpenaeHbl Ha Kopmyce paGouero Koseca. Tlogoporxosionacriibie # Mponeaepabie TypGu- 4 oOpasyior tpynny ocenux TypGus. Paxuaabioocepaa typ6uma xapaxre~ puiayeTes TeM, TO MepHANOHasbHa cocTaB.aaI0- IAs CKOPOCTH TeueHIA 2kiIKOCTH B 3OHE PaGoue- ro xKosleca uMeeT H paliatbHyIo M oceRy! cocrapsimiouue. JlonacTH HENOIBHKHET, OxBaveHD! 60s10¥ TypOnnix 1pex omcannix cuctes vastiBaiores! cdusHo peakTUBHEMH. Jlonacra paGoux Kouee ST5:x TypOHH Padoraior B CHLTOUHON NOTOK OJAI, KOTOPEI OGamaeT 3amacoM Kak KMHeTHYe™ KOH, TaK H MOTeHUMAABHO! SHeprun H HMeeT mpi axoge Ha paGouee Koseco Goubulee nanmeHHe, yes pw cxone ¢ Hero. Kopwoame typ6unn 065 spaHlem KoBMeoOpaskoli qopsme stonacteit pa6o- ero Koveca, uMeHYeMBIX OSTOMY —KOBLIAMH B orawune or aonacteli peakTuBnbix TypGuH, KOB- Jui TypOuH sTOl cHcTeMB! paGoTawT He B cIOmI- ‘OM MOTOKe, a Hox BosdelicrBHeM cBOGoaHOit CTPYH, OGzaslaionteli TOABKO KHNeTHYECKO! sHep- (ell H uMeromtell OMHAKOBOe AaBACHHe Mp BXORE \ta pa6ouce Kozleco H Mp cxore c Hero. [ostomy SOBIIOBBIE TYPOHBE! HASHIBAIOT OGLISHO AKT B~ MH, Maawie, cpeaume 4 pyname Typ6uuet. TypGn- HoctpoutectsHbte sano,ibt Copercxoro Co1o3a abt ycKalor TypOulst CaMBIX PasHoOGpasHEx pasMe~ pow x sompocteit Homeuxarypa typ6uuocrpouressuibix ano 08 (§ 3-1 4 3-2) aeaur nce Typ6uHer Ha Masie, cpeanne H Kpynibie. Dro AeséHue He HMeeT TOHHO YCTaHOBeHHBIX [Pail H HCXOANT He TOAbKO 43 3aHBL CBOHM 1a Cucrene rypbun u 06; acru wx MpuLweKeNus u Mouutoctn Typ6uH, HoH Ma pasMepoB Ht Beca ux Aetaneii. Maauma vasbpaior o6kiuHo typ6utb, AUAMeTPEI PAGOUHX KOIeC KOTOPHIX He MpeBocxo- saat 1,2 40 np Hu3KHx H 0,5 at IPH BRICOKHX Hano- pax, a MOMMHOCTS cocraBaAeT He Gone 1000 Kor Cpeanumu naaemaior TypGune c amamer- paw paGowx Kone He Gomee 2,5 a MPI HUISKHX w 1,6 4 pH BEtcoKHx Hanopax. Momuoctb cpea- Hux TypOUH He MpeaBuraer 10000—15 000 Kor. K py itu me typOuutt Moryt oGwaqats BecbMa CombWIMH pasMepaMH: HOMMMaTbuBI AKnaMeTp paGoxero Koneca ZocTaraer 9. 1 Gomee y TIOBO- porHosionacranx 1 6,6—8 ay pasiaabHo-ocesbix typ6un. Momtocrs Kpynunx Typ6AH MoxeT 10- cturats 150 Tac. Karu Gosee. Menoabsonanne onepran Gompuinx pex CuOapu tpedyer cosaHna TyPOHH MouuiocrbI He MeHee 200—300 THIC. Ker. Masue n cpeanue typOHHst KoHeTpyKTHDHO MoryT ObiTb BHIMOTHEHDI —C TOpHIONTAZIbEBIM 1 BepTaKasbbIM paconoxkentem Bata. Kpynuse TYPOHNLE BEINOARsOTeA MpeuMyuLecTBeHHO C Bep- TIKAIBHENM pacnosOxeHKeM Bact. OGaact npuMeneHus ocHoBiEIX cucTem Typ- Gun, B uactommee npems MoxktO YeTAHOBHIT C.Te- Alone MpHOaurKeHHEIe AHanaz0uN HanOpoB, UpH KOTOBIX MpUMeHsIOTeA Te HI EDIE CHCTEMEE cpeauHx HM Kpynibix Typ6mH: Mopoporio.ionactuste —H mpomtestzepHiie — 10 40—60 a; pannasbio-ocesuie — or 25 20 Konuionbe —or 200 # 1 pial. iq mamopon xo 25 x Moryr npume HsTE¢H Kak MOBOpOTHOAONACTHEIe, TaK H MpoT sepunie Typ6uust, B Coxercxom Cowae 6x0 orgaior MpesimouTere MOBOpOTHOAONACTHBIM Typ Guuam, Stu TypGurtb! xoTA H ZOpOXe Mponesntep- HDIX B HSTOTOB/EHIM, HO BEITOAHO OTJUMALOTEH OF HX TeM, TO HMeIOT Gosee BACOKHIi cpeaHHit 9KC- nayaTauMOUNBlii K. 11. Jl. pH KOAeGaHHAX HaTOpos 4 Harpy20k, MoryT paasuBars HOMMHATBHY!O MOUL- HOCTS B Gomee MHpOKOM jMamasoHe Haflopos ut Gombmlylo MoumocT pH wanopax HinKe pacuer- xoro, [pumeneune mponeatepsbx TypGuH onpan- AAO IMU pH WesHauuTeNbABIX — KomeBasiuAX Hanopa i Mp paGore THapostexrpocranntt B sHeprocucteme, axcnayaTHpyloutell - arperatbt IIpH MpakrHYeckH MocTOsHHO Harpyske, cooTBeT- eTayLomtel pexKIIMY HX ONTHMAMBHOTO K. M1. 2 Tas uanopoxn or 25 20 60m momno NHMeHATH KaK ParaabHO-OcemLic, TAK H TOBO- poTnosionactuste H nporeatepunie TypOuHE. B Co nerckom Cotose B 9THX cayuasx OObIUHO MpiMe- HGIOT TYPOHH ABYX MePBHIX CHCTEM. Tipu puiGope Mexkay oTuMH CHCTeMAMH yauTbL BawoT, TO MoBopoTHOmOMacTHEIe TYPGHHKt 06- 1aytaior 400—45012 Cucrest uw napaserpm rypbun a) shepreriuecssiaa = mpenmymecrsamu mpi KoueGaniuax Nanopa M HarpyskH; 6) Gouee BLICOKoil, NeXXeIH” pasHaabHo-oce- Bble TypOUHEt, CKOpocTHI0 BpaMeHUH B TeX Xe YeuOBUEX paGoTHI, YTO NpexoMperteameT ymenbue- lime raGapiTon H CTOHMOCTH TeHepaTopos. Hapsay c Tus mpuxogutes yauriiath 1 TO oGcrosreabcTHO, uO, Hexoas Ha TPeGOBaiHit Gec- KapiranuoHHol paGoTbI, MoBopoTHostonacTHEte TYpOuust, B OTUINNHE OT PalKabHO-OCEBKIX, YeTa- HapauBatoTes MPH Masi MOAOKHTeADHOH (tH waxke oTpiuatesbioil) BbIcoTe oTCacbiBaKHs. Sto Topoxklaet HeoGXoANMocTh B Godbusem yrviyGue- HUM orcacupatomel TpyOs, a craao ObIT, H B YBEIHYEHMK PACXOLOB Ha Coopy>KeHHe sxaitHs rigkposekrpocraHii. Yerasionka pasiasbHo-oceenix Typ6uH Kast BaeTea NOsTOMY peHTaGebHoll MPH cpasnHTe-tbHO MadbixX KoaeOaHMsX Hallopa M MpH TaKOM pexime sKcHayaTallii, KoTOpEit OGecnesuBaeT HarpyaKy arperaTos MpeuMYUlecTBeHHO B Mipenetax OF 75 10 100% wx Homunaasuok MoumoctH, 7. e. Np JocTaTOUo BLICOKUX sHaveHHAX K. TL B apyrnx caysasx, 8 ocoGenHocth mpH aka TeabHol MoUMLOCTH arperaton, ceyeT npesmo- uecTs YcTaHOBKy mosoporHoaoMacTHEX TypOuH. Tas uanopos or 200 20 400—450 « Mory? Obit TpHMeHeHbI Kak PajlHasbHo-oceBke, Tak M KOBIOBLIe TypGUHAt Yeratonka KOBUORIX Typ6HH MpestouTHTestb- n D,, 2) Howmsaapane (pacuerume) auamerps: pasownx Kore Puc. 1-3. Pasmepss paGouero koaeca tana M170 © weTHpsieH aonacTaiMn J PeaKTHBHBIX TypOHK— Kak pasttocTn ‘eADHLIX 3HEprHit MOTOKA BO-ADI MPH BORE B TYP uHHyio Kamepy 1B HiDKHEM Goede; JAK —KOBUIOBKIX TyPOHK — Kak “yaenLHyI0 hepriio HloToKa Boje B ceyeN Y BXONa B COm.t0- off narpy6oK win B com:toBoi KOANeKTOp OTHOCH- SabHO TLIOCKOCTH CPaBHeHHs, PacnonOKeHHO! 1a iMeTKe HanHHsuIell TOMKI OKPY2KHIOCTH pa6ouero uleca, KacateabHoll x ocK eTpyH. Teomerpmteckne pasMepix TypOunst xapaxte- Orch HOMHHAABHAIM, T. € pacuerHhM ave —xapaxrepusm), xwametpom Di aGowero Komeca 3a uommuaapubtit anamerp D; paGouero xorec: uc, 1-2) typ6unoctpouterpunte sanoast ConeT- oro Cowsa mpnnumanor: Y moBoporHowonactHtsx HM mponeasepHux 26un—nanGoabumii Auamerp KaMepsr paGouero ‘eca (pic. 1-2,a); Y Paguactsuo-ocenbix. TypGun — nanGosoumti aMeTp —Pactlosioxkens BXOAUMIX —_KOMOK nacteit paGouero Koneca (puc. 1-26 1 2); awaneTp oKpyxHocrit Gowero Koaeca, KacaTesbHOl K ocH eTDVH, srexaiomefi na conta (pyc. 1-22) Viwocrpanniie typ6unocrpourersstie ¢upabi paktepusyior HoMUHamHEe pasMepsl TypOnH PaGoux KoseC HHBIMH ANAMeTpaMut, MpHYeM Stow OTHOMeHMM HeT euHOOpasits. | Tas peakripniix typ6un, BxoTMEX B HacTos- {ec Bpema B HoMeHKzaTypy TypGuHoctponTerb- ks 3anox0B Conercxoro Cowsa, mpeaiasnayent, feaytoumte THM paGouRX Kostec: Ocnosneie napaxerps Typ6un u Tune padowx Koacc Paaweps paGouero Koaeca tua [1/1592 © eTapaMs oneeTsNeH Puc. 1-5, Pesweps padosero xoaece tuna TLI610 Chuerupbsin sone aM Y 16 rs 10 0080, ae sate # Earaean--L a0, a ee] _ Sey [iyi , § rao, Puc. 1-6, Pasmepia paGowero xoaeca runa TWIS87por t8 +1213 Cucreswe uw napanerpes rypbur [fat 0050, pee ‘ RO10D, |W Drt000:2-7 | = | { = L =~ r 504550, = 1 ee EF A 10000, < i a. Puc. 1-7, Paamepu pagouero xoneca rina © ceMbio sonacrmet >» \ 1} 21000 ep F00%350, 02 01m, fp t0500, 5 J J 1-8, Pasmeps: paGowero Koaeca Tuna POLS a im ‘20550; i X Sy 19. ca rina PO2I1 AJA Xpytibix TypOuH — weTBipe HOPMaJbIEIX tuna mloBoporHomonactusix —paGowux —Koec (puc. 1-4—1-7) meer Tunos pazuanbio-ocenux paGounx Kone (pac. 1-8—1-I1, 1-13 4 1-14); Puc. 1-9. Paswepst paGouera xi 1-10, Paamepsi padovero Koseca sna POS? Puc. I-ll. Pasweps paGouero Koneca Tune PO63S os Da(We-42I, | L 1 [= I 2 i 2 an, pu, (asa Puc, 112, Paonepts paSowero Kosece tune POIS AAA CpeaHUX TYPO — TPH HopMasBHBTX TAMA NopopotHodonacrubix padowHx Kore (pic. 1-3, 1-5 u 1-6) mecth THTOB pasHaapuo-ocenux paGounx Korec (puc. 1-8 4 1-10—1-14). Tat nponeasepsuix typOwH MpMusTET Te 2Ke THM PaGOUNX KOeC, WTO M ATA HoBOpoTHOAO- nactaBix typGut. Cuctemy Typ6must TH paGowero Komeca BhI- Gupaior Ha OCHOBE SKOHOMMYeCKOTO axasUsa, C- XORA Hs: a) XapaKrepHcTHKH BOZOTOKA TO pexKUMY Ko- sreGanni Hamopa H pacxoma Borbt; Hobos Pac. 1-13. Pasweps paGovero Koa 6) rpacbuxa warpysKu arperata # Xapakrepn lcruKH oHepretuueckinx H KaBiITaIHOHHEIX cHOficTS ‘paGounx Kostec; B) CTOHMOCTH oGopyaonanis, CTPOwTeTbHEIX pador. TypOnnit pasnuix pasmepos o6pasyior Ty p- \OunNy10 cepuw, ecaH oGaagawoT oanorun- jueima paGowinn Kosecam M TeoMerpuueckit ROROSKLIMH OCTATDENMM SaeMeHTaMH NpOTOTHO! wacra. Kaxayio Typ6Hanyio cepuio xapakrepusyer OShHUMeHT OHCTpOXOAHOCTH fn, |sapHeii uneay oGoporos B MUHYTY TypGuNLs, rasBHBaomel px uanope H=1 mom iocts N=1 a.c. [pu 3ToM mpuunMaerca, uo wapaDaNueckHe, OObEMHBIe H TOMHBIE K. M1. J eTponoit TypOHHE paBibt B MepBoM npH6.uxKe- 4H TeM 2Ke MOKasaTeAAM BCCX APyrux OnHOCepHii- IX ¢ nei TYPOHH. Kosihunstert Grictpoxoanocrn 06H 0603- MarepHasios 1 abr depes ”, H onpeseasior no Gopuyate avi VN [eem) — _ A. 9) rT ava Kostipunueut GbicrpoxoauoctH HaMeHsIeT CBO pemmBHy C HoMeHeiHeM pexuma padoTH Typ- Guns. Ha npaxraxe xosdpuustent Grerpoxoanoctir oGtiMio BEMHesIROT: a) Aas pexkima, CoorBeTcTByTOIerO HOMUIaJIb- Holt MouHocTH TypOdHE MPH paceTHoM Hanlope 14 HopmaanHom uncsie OGopoToR, «1K60 6) At ONTHMaMHOTO pexHMa, CooTBETCTByIO: wero MaxcuMasbuoMy sHaveHiNO K, 1. 2. Kosidpunuentit Gsicrpoxossocrn Typ6ux pas- [max cepyit Moxkio cpasiubath Tomko 8 TOM CANE, CCAM OHH BALCH! LIK OmNOTO H TOTO we PEAUMA; OOBINHO CpapHcHHe MPOHSBOLAT IPH PEKUME, YKasaHHOM BM. « nanopa. Otiiocurenbiian peausuia nuxpeDbx uoTepp: AN, hy, =const, (1-20) Wy 8 Bae = TocKoabky Tip NpMHATEX yerOBHAX KosbpanH eHTL COmpoTHBneHHs $ 4 oTHOIeHHA oH — Be- ANNIE MOCTOAMHBIE. CueqOBATEAbHO, A211 nOA06- HHX TYPOUH B NBoroHaabuOM pexMe BeAMIITHA r, He 3abHCHT OT AvaMerpa Mu Hanopa TypSHHbI. Takum o6pasom, rugpapanueckuik K. i at. TYpOMAD, “XapaKTepHsyiou\nil oBuLyto cysMy Taapapauieckux norepb B Heli, pbipa- skaerest Tak: —Un+T) O6muk K.n. 2. oSs4H0 onpeneamor, He unas B raGopaTopit MOxeTH MauoTO aMaNteT- pa Tipit cpannurembHo — HeGombuIO. wamiopey 13] Saoucunocro n,n, 0, rupGunes oF ¢e Juanerpa u nanopa 19 H~ 215.4), Venuranua typ6i Ha Mecre wx weNeHtercH or n= 175 (F—=8) Aam,eaasenK, npy6 40 CTaHOBKH MpousBoAtTer pexe. Tostomy Heos- ” == 00) Adis ouel WepoxonaTHx (eTapyx ayrylt- y H MpOUsBOARTCH pK y tx) 1py6. Bo propo upexecenou cayyae * XOAUMO yeraHoBHT cnocos nepexoaa oT noay- NeHHOTO K. 11, 2, MOgedi 7, K ONAAeMBM sHa- SeBHAM K. u. 2. TypOHHbi | MpA saaanHEx D, aH. Bolded oTHOCHTeMbHyIO BeTHMABY ToTepy Wa TpeHHe ,, H OOQSHAYHM Bce OCTaJbABIE 1O- aN Toraa: a=1-(, +0). (1-21) Ecait 6st ace Bas HOTeps Gx NocTORMABIN, re, r==const Hr,,=const, TO K. 1. A. Bcex ‘TypOuN aioli ceput mpH KuHeNaTHUeCKH nO AOGHEIX pexUMAX ObIdIH Obt TOKE OAMHAKOBL It papubt K. nm, A, Moge, Takoe mpeanosoxenne Ipuiiaro B KavecT#e Hepsoro MpYOauwKeAus pH BEIBOAe OCHOBHEIX hopMyst HoloGus (I-15). B neti CTBUTeMbHOCTH Xe TOKO RemMUMHY Fr, MO>KHO TpHHATE MOcToAMHOM, TOrRa Kak noTepH Ha Tpe- Wie 7, 3aBHCaT OF AdaMeTpa H Hanopa TypGuHbt. B'kauecrse aroporo mpuGamxKenna oGnaH0 npHaumaior, 4ro Bee norepu r’}-r,, = 1—x Hl0A- unusoTeH saBHeHMocTH Tol »%e 150 4,20 Cucrenss u napanerpe Typ6utt resepepawuer nonesnoee bedembu® 87.3% a a) 7 8 9 Howrunanenssd Coawemp D,,m Puc. 1-16, Tlonpasnn ken. toy YUNTHDaOUHE waMenene waropa = 10 Gopuyae (1.28) np a= 2— no. Sopeyae (1.20) np ant FFG Popmlae CE & ao Goputene Cea) ok aa a Taxun -oSpasom, mp H<150 « pexomen- ayeTca noabionathca chopay.tok: sro Din a (1-26) (—1,) a. np H> 150 « gopuyzoti: nat EVE Has peuncacnus Kosbdunnenta_noaesxoro xelicrsua no @opmysian (1-26) u (1-27) nana Ho- MorpamMma (pic. 1-17, cM. p Koume KHurH), 4a KOTOpOH WITPHX-NYHKTHPHEIMH JMAMSMI Haflece- HBL MpUMEDEL, MOACHSOIMe CHOCOG ee WeMO.Tb~ sopaitia, Mpnmep 1, Moxeas Diy = 460 aa, Hy = 3,5 4, y= 852%; TypOua: Dy = 3700 Kx, HITS Hi U0 opuyae (1-26) 1 ~ 90,97. Hpumep 2 Moxest: Diy —800 wat, Hy 50 4, a= 87%; TypEnia: D, = 2650" eK, H-= 300 at; ro ‘pop. ayae (1-27) 7 =91,7%e Tipu warpyakax, ne coomnerersyiouix pexiny OnTuMadbKOFO K. TJ, BOSpacTaeT OTHOCUTENHOE sHaNeHHe NoTeps, He BabHcAMUX oT TpeHHs. TIpe- ‘ue Beer BospacTaior MecTuble BUXPeBLIE MOTe- PH BOIELCTENE OTKADHEHUA PexKuMa LOTOKA OF Yenosuii Gesyaptioro pxoqa m HopmaabHoro cxona Bomb ¢ paGovero Koeca. Mexanuueckue MOTepH MaviO H3MeHSIOTCS NO BeJUUALE, OSTOMY WX OTHOCHTeNbHaH BeduuHEAa BospactaeT Mpit Masiix MomHocTsx Typ6uuBt. Bauzy SToro o1b30- BAHHe BHBEACHELIMH Due YpaBHeMMAMH Jin BBL AHCAEHMA K. T. 1. JOMYCTHMO HIME B SOHAX, G”N3- KuXx K ero onrHMadbiomy suaveHmo. Tipu Mastix 4 CombUNX HarpysKax, a TaIoKe pH paGore TYpCHTE ¢ MoHMRKeHHBIMA HanopaNEit H pH HeHS- UeHHOM 4ueRe OGopoTOB, Ho.tssonaume yKasati- (1-27) HBIMH Bblille ypaneHusMa MpHBOAKT K NpeyBeaude- HulO 3HaveHHit K. M1. a B Hactosmice ppemst MomHO pexomenqovars caeayioume cnocoOsl onpexeteia monpanox K. 4. pa paGote BHe onTuMaxLHoll 3ouLe. Tan typOuk paavaabHo-ocesnx # uponeadepHux monpanky dy = 7—1, MpHHUMaloT oxuHaKoBOl wa BCeX TOUeK rraBHOH yuupepcaabHoli xapaxTepHcTHKH B OGAaCTH y= S 72+75% wm pHuNcamor TO MaxcuMassuoMy auavenmo 1, (em. § 4-3, apumep nocrpoetiua axc- mayaTauHouHol yHusepcasnbioi XapakrepucTHKH paquaasHo-ocepoli typ6unei). Tia MopopoTHoaomactHNX Typ6uE kaxuloMy yriy MoBopota domactell @ nomKHA cootercraosaTs cBon nonpaska An, onpezease- Mas 10 MaKCHMA/BHOMY sHaYeHHIO K. 1, JL, TPO neasepuol xapaxtepcTuxn Mpu AaHHOM yrae g. Toukn, seaxkaulie Ha JIMHHAX yrt0B Pp TaaBHol yru- BepcaIbHOf KapaxtepHcTuKH, cooTBeTCTByIOT Ma- KeiMasbHBIM 3HaYeHHAM K. TL. Al, MpoMlevttepHELx xapaxrepHcTmx mpa pasanneix 7; . [ostomy ce TOUKH, AeXKAltHe Ha RaKHOM HaOAUNUH yraa g, MookHO paccMaTpHBATB, KaK MpHHaztexauile NpO- neaepHol xapakrepHcTuKe MpH rae g; TOuKA © MAKCHMAJDHLM sHaveHHeM x. A. a. Ha AURA fawworo yraa cooTReTcTByeT ¢ jocTaTouHOR Aaa MpaKrHKH TOMHOCTHIO MaKCUMYMY K. 1. 2. nporied- slepwo Xapakrepuctawt. Tlostomy, daviee, i mopopotHosonacrHEtx typ6un rionpapky An BbIMHcARIOT ANA KaxKOTO sHauerllin yraa Topopota p NO MaKcHMambHOMy aHauenmo X. M1. A. Ha AHHH g=const, HaneceHHOlt Ma Tulapaoil yHuBepcasbuoli Xapaxtepictuxe. TIpH ‘stom cHuTaior, YTO yKa3aHHam nonpaKa onMHa~ Kopa Juin BCCX TOHCK XApaKTepHCTHKH, seAKANUT ua aMaHH, cooTBeTcTBYIoMlel: RanHOMy yray @ (cM. § 4-3, mpumep noctpoenua sKcnayaranHonHok YyauBepcalbiioli XapakTepuctHKH NoBopoTHOsO- acTHo# typ6unul). Horepit 8 KOB MOB Ex TypOuNax cnaraiorer 3 MexaHHMeCKHX TloTepE, MeCTHEX THApaBsue- CKBX NOTePE B CONAAX H OGLEMABIX ToTepb BOAH pH NepedoBaHBH KoBMIeH, CorlpuKacalouLNxcH CO crpyel. Uro Kacaetea noteps Hanopa Ha Tpenue B CONTAX H KOBUAX, TO OHH BecDMA HesHauHTEsb- bi, TO cpanueHitio ¢ OcTaitbHbiMH moTepsMH, RedeucTeHe Maso NosepXHocTH Kosa Ml TULA TeabHOK ee ultmboskH. Fostomy nonpazxy wa n3- mexenne peanun D; H npn onpezenenna K. Tl. J. KOBIUOBKIX TYPOWH BBOUTS He Haz0, a MOKHO NodbsORATHCA sHANeHMAMH KT. Ay TOAYYeHILIMN pH HcHTANUK MoneAM CHa merpom crpyx do>55 ast, Ges nonpasxi, Vonoxeuune MeToasl mepeciera K. mA. Moxest a1 Typ6un Gombiioro AHaMeTpa siRAA- JOTCA MPHOAMAEHAEIM, ORWAKO Hit MpHXoguUTeA nosb30BaTbeA 20 paspaGoTKH Gomee TOKO! mero ANKE Mepecdeta. YVrouneune MeToanKn AomKKo ayouemy wanpapneniio. TIpi HeHMITaKHH MogemH HeOOxoaNMo ONpere- Jat ce MeXAHHYECKH Km. X. H, HeKqTOVaR ero ¥3 MomMOrO K, H. 4., HaxoguTs FHApaBatn- neckhit K. 1. A. i YKa3biBaTS ero Ha XapakTe- HATH TO ese- puctake ‘Typ6uau. [pu 9tom npiGamxKenno NOKHO CHHTATE ==7,n, OGBEAMHAM OGbeM- ae K. 1. A. © rHapananueckum. Hanbueiuest cTagnelt YTOWHeHHA Morso Gb GbITb BbIge- sneHHe ,, HO 9TO Tpedyer Gombmoi UccAeAOBA- TembcKoit padorst. Tpuuuiiner nepecera rnapapstu4ecKoro K. 1. A. MOgesH Ha LaTypy AOMKUBI OMTS ycTaHOBAeHL Ha OCHOBe ORMTHOTO onpesemMeHus H condCTas- aeHHA K. TL. A. MOReWY cK. M, . TYpGunEt Goabuloro AaMeTpa, NOAYYeHHBIM nyTeM HaTyp- nBIX HenbITanuil. Kpome toro, eoGxogumo mpo- BeCTH UcHATaHHA Moxesel pasHLIx AuaMeTpoB, B TOM Neste H AocTATONHO GoxbUIHx, HanpuMep, nopaaka D,=1 a. Tlonmsit x. 0. a. warypxoii ryp6uu caenyer ompesedath, yMuoxaa Nomyyemmili mepecuerom THApaBAMUeCKHi K. ML a. 9, Ha HenocpeACTEeHHO onpereseumii Mexannuecknii K. 1. 2. ty HATYp- no Typ6m. Banauue waMenenun x. 1. A. Ha MpHBeseH- Hele BeAHAHNEL Q, Hn, Kak yxazano B dopmy- ze (I-16), wucao oSoporos n typGnum Mee pacxog Q. BbIYNCAeHREe To MpuSAMKeNHEM dop- Mysiam nogoGua (I-15), nomkun GT cKoppek- cmponems yes yoomenin an y/o nae 4OK. mA. TypOu way —K. TA. Mogean, gaa KoTopoll nocTpoe#a MoayseHnan nCHEITaNIIeM Taasiiaa yilusepcaabiiam XapakTepucTHKa, Tipeetasaserea yaobubim piocuTs coorser- ereyioulue KoppexTHBti Henocpeacrnettio B yHH- Bepeasisityio Xapakrepucriky, ystoxa sHaventin a ny a Qi) na nonpasoumuit mmoxurrem 18 BUGHeTATh n a Q no dopmyze (1-15). C stoi TeAbIO, OYBHAHO, AOMKHLI GpITh COOTBETCTBEHHO: H3MeHCHB! MacuiTaGpt oceli xapakrepHCTHKH, 110 Koropinn otcantusaior nu Q. Tina ynpowenns npowanozar we msMenenne Macuita6os oceli, a HX cMemleHHe, T. e. MepeHoc Beell Xapaktepyetaxm B cTopoily yseanuenua Mpupegennsix oSoporos Ha BeaNNHHy Any HB cTO- POH YBemHueHnAa npHBereHHEIX pacxonOB Ha Beste snay AQ), Beananust emewenuh onpegeasior Tax, NToSst ATR TOKH onTHMaTHHOrO pexKuMa STO Bausnue nenodesupyenete aaewenroe rypGunut na ee k,n. O. u Nomnocre a ynpouierte He BHocua0 rlorpemuocru; adit storo 3 coorsererpyiomue bopmy.tbt: Any (Ve -1 } (1-28) AQ =Q; Va 5 -*) (1-29) HOACTABAMIOT BeAWYUHL, OTHOcAMINeCH K ONTH- Madbuol TouKe, Vnorta axocar TonbKo nonpaexy An; aaa MpHBexennnx wicer oGopotos, Ges HenpaBseniA mpupexennurx pacxonos Ha AQ}. Oanako ana PaauanbHo-ocenux 1 mponemTepREX TyPOHH ce RoBasIo 6b YUHTLIBATS TAKE M yeenMNeHHe Npu- BegeHHoro pacxona, TAK KAK AMAIA OrpaHUNeHAA MOUWOCTH YKaaanuibix cHerem TypOHR MpOxoAHT, Kak Mpapito, B OGAaCTH XapaKTepHCTHK ¢ BEICO- KHM K. 11. 4, BOAHSH ONTHMAABHOTO ero sHAyeHHA. Ecai fonpapka aa npunexenubx wucest oGO- poTos oKaxerca Mexbule 3%, TO el0 MoxHO mpeneSpesn, § 1-6. Bausune Hemogeaupyemux onementor TypOnHBL Ha ee K. Ml. A. HM MOUHOCTD Tlepecwer napamerpos raxpasznvecknx Typ6ua no opmyaam, npuoeaenbm b npeneaymUlx na Parpadax, aBaseTca ChpaBes.AUBUIM TOABKO B TOM caywae, cat Bce s1eMeHTH Npotouiol vacTHt OGenx TypOuN sBnmoTen TeoMerpayeckn 10L00- BN, Tipotowiyio wacts peaktuBHofi TypGnmEt co craBistiot: TypGuutaa Kamepa, cratop, HanpaB- Amoulni antapat, npoTONMaR YacTh B mpexenax SOuBI paGoxero Koseca H OTCackIBaroMlad Tpy6as Tip co6sioxenuu pasexersa oTHoMenHit BB coTst HM HaMerpa Hanpapasiomero annapata K AMametpy paGouero Kosleca, a TAKE HeHIMeH- HOM Ipodune jlonatoK Hanpasastoulero annapata, OTKAOHEHHA OT CTPOTOrO NOOHA OCTAMbILIX KOH- CTpyKTHBHLIX PasMepos HanpaBaRloMLx annapa- ‘TOB'H cTaTOpoB He OKAIMBAIOT 3aMeTHOTO BANAHUA Ha apanerpst TyPOH H mosTOMy He YyaNTH Baworcs.. Tlepexog or orKpsiroi typOnRHOR KamepHt K CIHpasH H OT NpaMoi KoHHYeCKOH OTcaCLIBaI- melt TpyGer K HsorHyTO! cosqaeT oMOAHATEREHEIE TorepH Hanopa Ha TpeHHe & Chupa, a TaKKe HonoTHHTeTbIBIe MecTHLIe NOTepH Hanopa oT 13~ MeHeHI ReaNYMHI M HanpaBseHua cKopocTA B Konene orcacsiBaioulell TpyCus. Tlorepn 8 Konexe otcacsiBaiouel tpy6st sna- MHTETEHO YoemNMHBAIOTA, EC-TH CKBOSE HETO 11po- XOANT Bad TypOHUBI. TipuGawkeHHo MOXHO CUHTAaTb, YTO BCe 9TH noTepH sbiisiores KBanpaTHuiBIMM TloTepsaMH,22 Cucrenet w napanerpe typ6ut 1. @, MPOMOpuHONATBHEL KBANpATY Pacxoma TYp- Gum. Zlaa noxoGntix Typ6ux, paGoraiomux B KHHe- MATHNECKH NOJOOHLIX pexHMAX, (1-30) rae 4, —~FHapasauuecknit x. m. . Typ6unsr. Ecant 1 — nowmesit x. 11. 4. typ6wet, pa6orato- eli B YeqOBUAX HaMMeHBILIX TOTePD, 7. e. BOT xputoli TypOmisioli KaMepe HC TpAMOH Kone ckoit orcactinaouell TpyGoll, a mpuBexesnprii pacxoa ee —Q,, 10 an Toi xe TypOunEI, HO ¢ H30rayrolt orcactipaionteli TpyGoil Hn co cnu- pambiioh Kamepoll, Oynem mMeTS KT. 2. 11 = An, ywenbinexnif acaetcrste AOnOAHH- TeNbHIX MoTeps B MpoTOUHON HacTH. Honyckaa, aro: +, noayaum npx weH3- % MeHHOM OTKpBITHH @, npHBegentblit pacxog Typ- Gutbt B HOBEIX yeaoBHAX: im Q=a (1-31) Tlorepx 5 typGwHe, a crenosateniio # An, mponopuuonanbitt Q;' , nosToMy namenenHe K. Ml, A. 1 Pacxoaa, BbigEIBAEMOe BLIHAIHEM HeMo- jeaupyemsix snemenToB, ocoGeHHo 3ameTKO Tpit Gombiinx oTkpeITHAX H BospacTaer C yResusieHiCM Guictpoxomnocta typOwxe. Tlo anim cpasnnrenbiix aaGopatopmerx neniTanuit Moxerell, Nepexoa or oTxpsitol typ GueHol Kamepst x chupaaH BaeueT 9a Coboit B He- KOTODHIX caysamx cHINKeNHE K. 1. A. B MaKcHMYMe paGowell xapakrepuctaxn mpumepHio via 0.5%, @ Mp Gombiuiix orkpErTHAX cme H YweribmeHKe MomivoctH Ha 2—5%, B sapuicusocrii or 6xicrpo- xonnocTu TypOnms 1 pasmepos cmupai. OanaKo stot BbiBod, creaanHEtli Ha ocHoBe MOGIbHBIX HcnbITaHHii, JelicTBHTE/eH He sy BCEX cayuaes. Tax, MoxkHO CHltTaTe, uTO y KpymBIx Typ6HH ChupasbHaa KaMePa ZOCTATOYO GoTBUIHX Pasmepos ie BiisoneT SaweTHOrO. YMenButeNIIT K, 0. 2. H MomHOcTH. Sto cAeayeT OObACHHTE TeX To © Bospactatiuem AWaMeTpa paGouero Komeca oTHocuTesbHBe HoTepH B crupas ysrenbmaloTes. B kpynusix TypOunax Beanunia sTHx noTepL eTa- HoBitTes mpene6pexkusio Mazoit. Ecait sibt usteem eto ¢ ropisoittanuoh typ- Gunoit, ban KoTOpol mpoxognT CKBO3b KosTeHO orcaciipatoutell TpyOst, To sHaveHa NpuBeLeHHEIX Pacxotos B mpasoli vacta paGouelt xapaxrepu- crakn m=f(N), aelicraiteabso# aaa typOnt © ugorHyToit oTcactiBaromel TpyGolt, c.lenyeT YMeNDUUT, YuHIOASHB Ux Ha KoshdunuieHT p< 1, [Tat MpH ORNOBPeMe:HOM MOWNKEHI MaKcuMyMa K. 1. a. Ha Beawuuny An. Tlocae atoro o6e vacTH KpHBO! TaBHo conparaiotca B soHe ee MaKcH- yma. Suavenis 1p 1 An Maso HaMeHsoTea np HOMeHEHHM My; NO XaHHbIM saBota Doilir MoxHO mpuaats: piaa rae D,—suixoauol AMameTp pa6overo Koseca 4 d—auawerp Bata, a Wa MaKcHMYMa K. ml. 2. puecra monpanky Aq==1+2% (nocaeauee aita- Nenile—Aan Maaex TypGut). Flas xorensiix TypONH BAUSKKE Kota MomKeT Obits y¥TeHO TaKXKe MocpeneTBoM ToNpaBoK An u 4, KoTopsle stexaT B Mpeseaay Aq=0,5-+1%y nw $=0,98-+0,95. Tipu stom 6éanmue sHayenna An H MenbuIMe SHaveHUs 1p caleyer IpHNMath sis TYPGAN Gdab- MHX GbleTpoxogtocTel, a TaIOKE Aa# ABySKoTeC- HBIX KOTeAbHEIX TypOUi, Tonemenntte B ractostem pyxonoxerne ruian- Ke YHHBepCauIbHBIe XaPakTepHCTHUKM HOMeHK.Ia- TypubIx paGownx Kosec NovopoTHOTOMACTHBX 1 GConpmmncTsa paavasteHo-ocenbIx TypOun noayye- BLL MPH HCHEITaHHH Mosledelt ¢ HsorHyTeMH oTca- cHIBalouluma TpyGamu; mpi nocrpoeHiH sxcnaya- TANHOHHEIX YHHBEPCAADHBX XapaxrepucTyK STHX TYPOWH BHOCUTh B HX KaKHe-MGo KoppexTHBLt He rpe6yeres, Tnasnbte | yanpepcabie —xapakrepnicraxn paGownx KOWeC pajHastbHO-OceBbIX TypOHH TH- nos P0533 4 PO246 noaysexs np Henbrranin Moxereit c MPAMBIMH KOHHUCCKHMH OTeacbIRAIO- uyint TpyGawn. OxtiaKo 41 paGounx Konec STK THNOB Tepexol OF MpAMOl KONNUeCKO! oTcacEI- Baloulell TPYOM K HSOTHYTOM MpaKTHHecKH BecEMa Maso ckasiBaercs Ha peauuunax Q/ un Beaen- crave Masol Gxietpoxoatoct stHx Konec. To- SToMy octpoeHle 9kcHAyaTanONNBx yuuBep- CaqTbHBIX XAPAKTEPUCTHK ITHX KOC MOXKET GbIT ceTaHO TaKe Ges BHECeNHA KOppeKTHBOR, § 1-7, Pasronnoe uncao oGoporos Ecau ¢ arperata cist noseauyio Harpyaky, a Hanpapamoummit annapat TypOwiel He npuKpbI- Batb, To ckopocrb BpalicHut arperata Waser ypeaumupatics. Sto Moxer Mpousolity » eamy¥ae HeWonpaBHOcTA CHcTeMBI peryaNpoBarus TyPOHEBL Hon 2Ke MPH cHleNHaTbHBIX WicMbITAHHAX arperata Ha pagrox. Maxcumavibioe suc10 OGoporoa B Mu HYtY, KoTOpoe pH STOM GyzeT ocTUrHyTO, ita- abimaeTes pasroHHEM. Onbir oxcrityaraui noKaswipaer, ro wanpaB- amouutii attmapat TypOuHel MOxKeT OTKasaTS Kak EX 200} Aputedawes save vom chon & "Sao 80 a 70 HO 3500059 Rosmpouvenn wonpexodnccma nz Puc. 1-18. Sasucumocts npusenesworo pasrouioro aucaa ‘oGoporos oT Kosppauneura GucipoxoaNocrH AAA PanwassHo-ocesuix TyPOHH 8 TOM cyyae, ecam aBapiin mpousolizer 2 AeM caMoM, Tak Torma, Kora oHa Npousoliter B cA- creme ‘peryaiIposauis, uanpumep, pH opsine 3HANHTEALHOTO wAecra’ mpexoxpawTerbisx Gor- yoB B Cepbrax Hanpassmoulero annapara, KATA~ O*PAYeCKOM CHWKEHHH 1aBJeHMA B CHcTeMe pe- Tyslupowaius, HapyuletaH cBasH MexxKTy BaslOM TypOUHHI M MaRTHHKOM peryaaropa, asaeqait urabi Taptloro soaioTAHKa peryaisTopa u ap. Ho- 3TOMY, WTOGLI SauUITHTe arpefar oT pasrotta, Ha TyPOHHe OGKINHO ycTaHaBauBaior, MoMUMO | Ha- mpabamiouero anmapara, elle H AonOAHATeAbHOE yerpoiicrso sana ee apapuiinol ocrauopxH., Pasronme suena o6opoTon — KeoSxoMo sHats Ain pacer: a) mpountocry eraael paGouero Koneca APYHX BpaMaiouyixcn Yacteli, CBABAMUMIX ¢ Ba- “nom typOuutst; 6) mpouocts poropa reneparopa; B) HeO6XOMHMOrO §=MaKCHMA@JbHOrO = yeast cepBoMoropa PaGoyero Kosteca noBoportiosiona- ctuoit ryp6is, ecam noctasaeHo TpeGowanne oGecmew#T moBopor paGownx sonacrell mpm pas- rone Typ6untB; r) Bana arperara wa KpuTadeckyio cKopocTS sparen. OcoSeHHO BaxKHO MpaBUAbHO YYHTHBATh yeuo- bua pasronla pH mpoexTuposattin renepatopos. PasronHoe wucdo o5oporos TypOuaet BurTHC- 4nior wepes coornercTayiontee npubeqeHHoe "NCsIO o6oporos n,, 10 dopmyse noxodaa: (1-32) tae Hy, —MaKcnMasbHEti Hanop. Tipuwegenme pasrouutre usteta o6oporos: 3abucaT oT cucreust TypSuNEt H THN pado¥ero koxeca, Had KOBWOBMIX Typ6un my, =70 o6|mun, W otHomrenne Paseonnoe «weao o6oporoa 23 x "cen \ | | ‘pubedesnoe paseonnde wer eboponot 1; & Aovbeennt pacstad xonocmeen ta 0 LN s&s 3 g a3 3000-0 Onrpeuive nargatnsouyeeo annapora oo Puc. 1-19, Pasronwag xapakrepucraka u npneenenmet Pacxoa xonoctoro xoaa padouero Koueca PO123 Hlanmue woe: Dy=40) set; 660,985 Dy 412 5 Iso 20038 10 000 ge 8sses SSS SSP ses Noubedennsi axed seaseonoro SSSELBT Noubebennae raszonvoe wucxo abgoamet iy 48 10 16 20 24 28 92 36 40.44 48 92.56 Onasrnve nonpabisiowe20 acnapamna dy a Puc. 1-20, Pasrousas xapakrepuctuxa m npunenenund pacxoa xoaoctoro xona paGowero Koreea PO2IL Jase oxens Dy rae n} — npupenentioe aner0 oGopotos, coorser- erpyiomee onruMastbHoMy suayentio K. m. A. Tus paguanbuo-ocesux TypOHt ny, pactet or 82 x0 250 npw uswenennu Kospipunu euira Gsicrpoxoguocr nm, coorercrsenuo oT 60 no 470. Ha puc. 1-18 aa#a Kpusan sasicuMocra Ni, OT Nye Tipusexentoe pasronoe witcno oGopotos npuwexenibilt pacxod xouiocToro xoma HoMeHK.ta- ‘TYPUBIX paGOUAX KOJeC pasMasIbHO-OCeBEIX TYPOHH B SaBHCHMOCTH OT OTKPMTHA Hanpasamoulero annapata npeacrapstenbi Ha puc. 1-19—1-23.24 Cucrema u napanerpa ryp6un -é nr = an 2 $ rH le tee 5 So LL awe 5 Vit! i 5 ol La HH Boo Ce HLL Ft wi 90 Ss Ss 3 ol 200 & G0 0 IO a WH IES Ornxpenmve ronpadasewses oarapara Jae Puc, 121, Pascousaa xapagrepuctuxa m npuneaemme Pacxo Xosocroro xona padowero Koaeca POS? Haute woxena: DAB sex by 0.2052 z>10, & By s Ase 00 | 700 Is; g 8 edennesi pacx08 serocmoco 7084 0; 1 1 Ct ryt 7 B12 16 20 00 18 38 36 40 Snnpeicue wangeSaniouseo abnopara days Puc, 1-22. Pasronwan xapaxrepicrma m mpunenesnisit ‘pacxoa XoaocToro xoRa pa6ouero Koaeca PO Tlasmie woxeaut: D0 se; ber0.2AD «Zou 2h § Au Rese 8 y i. 8 MputeBenoe paseorpoe euro 4 cconoled ssases Base Npubebenved pac 08 O16 O04 28 30 36 40 49 18 52 56 00 OH 8 “Ommovinive nanpabnsrewez0 anngvama dp, Ate Pu, 1-23, Paaronuaa xapaxrepucrixa 4 npuseneumsi pacxox xonocToro xoza padovero xoaeca POR Mausnte stones: D800 si; be 0.08204; 29~18 370 100 350 pele 4g § 8 1215 20 2 28 32 36 WO v4 18 82.56 Gmmpoinnue nsngabnsucaeco annapama d,s Puc, 1-24, Pastonuan xapaxtepucrara pasoxero xoaeca {W151 16 mapyimennes xow'mnaropiot ennom 2— ¢ eoxpanesuen KouGiaropmah cra Ranmize ones: Dy iB) set! by OAD, Ju Pasromusie wea O6oporon 1080 pOTI0- AoMAacTHMX TyPOHH onperenmores To ACTEI TanuaM Monerelt Paounx Komec IPH PAsHAIX yr- wax YcraxosKn Jonacteii H pasiom orKpbiTHH Aonarox Kanpasainioulero antapara, Tlauspie uombraiiai no mpuneqenusns pasron- uM uueaaM oGopoTos u mpHBereHHEM pacxoxaM XOsOCTOTO XOLA TOROpoTHOTOMACTHEN TYpONE mpeactamternt Ha prc. 1-24—1-29, Tip Buixo1e Topoporuosonacraoh typ6uus B paaron MoryT RCTpeTHTACA aa Ke MPH HeOosBUIMx HapyierMsax HOpMasBHOro pexuMa oOTeKanHs JonacTel Bro oGcroxtemcTBO SacTABAAeT OIXOAHT. ¢ Gombuloi ocropoxHOCTBO K oNeHIKe sTloco6a 3alllUTEt OT pasroua KPYANBIX TYPOH ToROpOTOM padounx aomacteit. TopMosnme aonarkw. Jlas mpeorapamemaa pasrova paspaGoTaHibt KONCTPYKUMM CHeNHAIbIDX TOPMOSHEX JOMATOK, YCTaHaBAHBAeMBX TOL pa- SounMM JonactaMa HAM Hag HiMy Eca ckopocTs patterns Typ6uHit “peste hiaer ycranoBnenauii Mpeler, TOPMosHble sToNaT- KH packppiBalotes Tog ACHICTBHEM TOBBILICHHEX WeHTPOGEKHIX CMs H, COBLABAM TOPMOsHOH MO- MeuT, cHIDKaioT pasromiibte OGopoTHL. IxenepH- MeHTLI, TPoBeMeHHMbe B LaGopaTopu, MOKaZaay, (ro 970 cliwaKeHHe JoCTHTaer mpusepio 35%. Mporusopaseonreie yerpoucrea aepezara 29 Paccmarpupzemttit eroco6 crpagaer yKasan- HEIMH BBIME HELOCTATKAMH, SBAMOULAMIICH CLEX- cTeiteM ramen sHeprHit TloTOKA B paGovem Ko- aiece, 3a pyGexom KoseTpyKitiit mporisopasron- ubIx yerpolicrs ¢ packppBaiouamuest TOpMOsHLIMH SOMATKAMIE, HACKOMKO H3BECTHO, He MpHMEHAATIC B TypOnHax Kpynuetx H cpenux pasmepon. B Co- nerckom Coise K TOMY cllocoby u3-3a ero He- Hage@KHOCTH MM KOHCTPyKTHBHOH cioxmHOCTH He npuGeran Boo6Le. Saxpuirue nanpazasioumero annapata typos MHMBRAyasbHBIM aBapHiinEIMM cepsomoTOpantH.! B mocaeauue roast B Conerexom Corse ds ipea- orepaileiiua pasroua TypOWHH B cay¥ae BEIXOAA 3 CTPoA OcHOBOH cHCTeME PeryaHpoBal4a Ha- WAN UpuMeuat, JOMOmMMTeNbHO ycraHasMRAe- MBIe MHJLIBHAYasbHsIe aBapiiine cepsOMOTOpH, KoTopble Bosnelicrayior HenocpencrselHo Ma A0- HaTkH Wanpaasiouiero annapara (cM. pxc. 16-25 n 16-26). B women anapun tomxniovaeren cne- MuaibHBlA Hacoc BHCOKOT RaBTeHKA, KoTOpHIi Tomaet Macao B MHJNBUAYabHbIe cepsomoTopHt AOMATOK H TeM BLIOBIBAeT IX SAKPHITHC, Ober wee MIAHBHAYATLIKIe cepBoMoTOpE arperata oGcayakuBaioTca OOM MacsioT1poBO- HOM, K KoTopoMy TloncoemMHAOT Macaumubil Bil Topol Hacoc MpoussoauTerbHocTEIo 2—4A .1/ceK (8 sancumocta ot oBulero oGbeMa cepaoMoTo- pos) w xapaexmem 20 100 ar. Hacoc uMeet mpu- BOL OT QeKTPOABHTATeNA MepeMeHHorO iti 10- cTosiitioro TOKa. . Kak noxasato wa pne. 1-31, mmausuayanpunit cepsomorop 10 cocrout us craspitoro Kopilyca, TOPUMA, NPY KUHL H cKaAH (lTTOKa), CBOGO-ALO nepementarouelica 8 mopuine. Kopnyc cepsomoro- Ppa HMeeT xBOcTOROM MpHaNB, KoTOpHIM Ol Kpe- MUTCR wapHnpoM Ha KPBUIKe 9 TypOuHL, a BEI ‘xomsuluuli 13 Tiopunin cepBoMoTOpa WITOK coezIIHeH, ¢ mpiangom porwara 6 aonarKu 3 wanpavaaiourero annapara TIpa wopwambiiom xaixeni Kanpasasioutero amapara oT OcHoBHBIX cepsoMoTopoR TYDSHITE ‘nuuaBHyaabHble CepRoMOTOpH He OKASLIBAIOT Hite KaKoro BIMANTA Ha STY ONepaltMto, TAK KaK Mepe- AewKeHlle PrIYara AOMATK BEISHBACT TOADKO Me- peMemlenne ckaskm BHYTPA Nopunia KANBHAYAA- HOT CepBOMOTOPa, K KOTOPOMY B STO BENS xe Homnexelio Macao OX jaB.teHileM. Tipn asapuiiniofi noaaue o Hacoca Macita mom BCOKIM slaasement yepes TpyOKy 11 B WASH ayasbubili cepsomoTop MopuleH, MocaerHero He- peasuraerca, caxuMaeT Mpy uy H, BoBdelicrnys nepes ckaaKy Ka pblvar AonaTKH RanpaBaatourero antiapara, Tepegewraer puiwar wa eaxpsiTite 40- narkn. Y Konerpyxiten avapullaux cepsoworopo® papa Gorana sn suegeua 8 mpaxtuxy JIMS.30 Cucrenes w napanerpes ryp6ux Puc. 1-31. Hxnsuayaasane anapultaue cepsomotops xa AONATKAX Hanpasasiomero annapara TypGHiKE JxeT OxITb onperesTest0 Wa Ha OCHOBE THAPOMEXAHMECKEX PacHeTOB Wt SkOnepHMeHT|AbiO, MYTeM BsselIMBAHAA, Tipu mpexpaputeabHBIx pacteTax oceBoro AaB- ems OGIO TIOmbsyIoneA dopsy.10h wx [7], (1-34) P,,= hE Di, rae D,—Howuianbxbit avamerp padowero Ko- areca TYpOmHbt, st; Hoyax — MAKCHMAAIBHBIIE HaMtOp, 4; f—amnupueckul Kosdpunuent. Tan paauaabuo-oces ux typ6m Koxp- gunuent & sapncur or tHma paGoueTo Koeca, Be- SMES! 3a30POB eTO YIMOTHeHHE H KOKCTPYKUWH pasrpy3ounEix yerpolicra. Tipu xocratouto Goab- MIX Pasrpyso4NHIx OTBepCTHAX Bo BTysAKe pado- wero KoNeca, NO Mpa OTCYTCTBHH crierstasIbALIX pasrpysowibix yerpoficrs, sHayexns Kosibdann- cura k aekat MEKAY ABYMS THIUIAMH, MPOBeAet uengn Ha rpaduKe pie. 1-32, TIpx stom aunts MeHbUHX BeTHINH KoIpduuneHta k nelicrBuTeaD- Ha sl THApOTYPGAN GOaBUNX PasMepoD H Ha o6opor. Flaa somexmux 8 HoMenkaarypy paGouix Ko- ec’ pasmaabio-oceBsX TYPGUH MOTyT ObITe pHs MATH, B COOTETCTRNH co sHaveHHAM Koshi Awancrmp padoyezononeca Dy, huameme patovezo noneca Dy, Puc. 1-3, Homorpamuu aaa ompenerenna neca. pa6ouux koaec: a — patuaabHo-oceauix; 0 — WosopornoaonacTHAx ‘rypoun pa were sonaeren 2-7; 2 npit amese aonacten) 26; ” ‘scene nonacrel == uutenTon OHCTPOXOAHOCTH. Mts STHX KOMEC, CAeNYIO~ ugte sHavenun Koadpunnenta k: Ton Proneea Po26 0,07-0,12 P0533 0;08—0) 14 P0638 0,200, 26 O82, 0739-0, 28 Po2lt 0,280, 34 O13 0,340.41 Tipu waswavenmn xosppuunenta k B stHx Mpegenax caeyeT YAHTHBATL BOIMOIKHOCT YBC~ UME 3a30pOB B YIMIOTHENNAX paOo¥HX KO-tEC, Beneqcrae H3HOCa aGMpHRTHBIX Koel, MpHEO- sullero K yBesIeHMio oceBoTo RanTeHA. Ilan NOBOPOTHOMONacTRUX UH MPO- neaaepH Mx Typ6mH Kosduutent & saucnt ‘or aucaa sonacrelt pa6ouero Kouleca H OT yrvia UX yeraHOoBKH. connie 0,85 087 0,90 0/83 ueno aomaered Bru sHaxenua k sansiores HanOONbINNH, CO- omercrayionuim HaHMeHDIIIM sHayesiaMm YTOB yeTaHoBxH.32 Typéunnne kamep u orcacnearouyue Tpy6es [ra 2 Bec wpamaiounxea uacrew typSunu. Bec pa- Gouero Koueca H Raa onpeneasetcn KOUCTPYK- uueli TypOuHEL, a NOTOMY HeBOSMOXHO 2aTb crpo~ THX MaTeMATHYeCKUX SaBHCuMocTel AIA ero onpe- renews. Ha ocHosamim aanunx 10 ocymrecrszenisM rypOuiam, JIMS pexomexayer 1a opnentupoxoy- foro ompesenenna weca pa6ownx Kosec MoWb30- bathen TpacbakaMn, TpexeTapneunim Ha puc._1-33. Cratuetuveckne necopne favmbie moxasbi- Balor, ¥TO BeC Basa PagHactbhO-oceBux TyPOHH ABA oGbIMHO cocTaRameT oT 0,6 m0 1,3 Beca paSouero Kouleca, a Bec Bada MOROPOTHOMONACTHEIX 1 TpO- neatepHbix TypGun or 0,12 go 0,33 Beca Koseca ¥ SABIICHT OT KOMMONOBKH sxaHus cTaHiaH, THNe, pasMepa H KoucTpykuuu arperata. Boaee TowHO OUCHKA BECOBEX BeTHINH MOXeT OT MpOHsBe- eHa TO KOHCTPyKTHBHBIM jaHHbIM paGouero KO- gleca H Bada, BIATHIM XOTA Gul 110 9CKUSHOMY Mpo- exry typOwst. Tipu onpexenenun cymaapsoro oceBoro Yyewiila arperara Moxkio MpeweGperarb BECOM Npowix wacteli TypGmis, BpamiaiouMAxca BMecTe C BaslOM H paSoxiM KosIeCoM., BIOPAS TYPBHHHBIE KAMEPbI MH OTCACBIBAIOULHE TPYBbI § 2-1. TypOmtmere kamepsr ‘CyuecrByior pasHoo6pasHte KoNeTpysiiTH TypOHHHBIX KaMep AJA ToBOAa BOM K DASOUNM opraam TYPGULEI: OTKPHITBIe, CHOHHEIe, KO>KY- xopnie, GeTOuHtbe CHMpATbUbe u MeTamHecKie cmpanpanie. BuiGop Toit nan WHOM KONeTPyKIUH 3ABHCHT, B OCHOBHOM, OT pasMepos TYPOWHA yaGouero Hanopa. Orxptiraa Kamepa Moxer uMeTs xopoumte rH- IpapanieckHe KavecTBa TOMbKO MPH OTHOCHTeMTS- 10 Gomburax pasmepax. Fipumenetine ee orparnt- imaerca Nanopama 20 10 4 H AMaMerpawis pa- Jouero Koaeca mo 1,6 m. Cuounbie TypOunHee Kamepst Haxoqat mpH- fellenMe mpH OveNs MaqBIx Hanlopax 4 GowUNAK WaMerpax paGoyero xo.leca, KOMa saTpyauH- ‘eMbHO OcyLiecTBNTh sJocTaToNKoe sarsyGieuite (anpanasiomtero almtapata Tox Ypozelis Bork ‘epxnero Opera. Tloromox cudosnoh typ6uunoit Kaxepst pac- omaraetes Bulle ypoBHis RepxHero beta, H 3a- oulHeHue ee ROMO ZOCTUPaeTeA OTKAYKOI BOSIy- a SKEKTOPOM JH BaxyyMUbIM Hacocom, JL cneunioh paGors cuonitoi Kamepur HeoOxoaH- (0, TOG Baxyym (B HaMDLICHIell TOIKe NOTOAKA ypOunnoit Kamepst nan B HaHBBIcHiell TO¥Ke s10- OaKa BXOXA KAM BEXOLA Wa Hanpasnavomtero am- apara TypGWHbl) He npensmad 7m Borsoro ro6a. Ciupaasante xamepsl. Jaa cpennax a xpyn- BX TypOuH BuOHpaIoT MpeHmymectRenHO ci aabuEIe KaMepbi: GeToHHbIe WAH MeTanaitecKHe; oeneqHite ObRAIOT KACTAREMM Hat CBADSIBIMA 113 TAABHLIX JIMCTOB, TNTEIMET NYTYHRBIME, 1 JTtTHIMH raabubent, OGaactH mpiMenelits TypGuMHEX Ka- ep pasubiX Thnop yxasanbt sa rpaibaxe puc. 2-1 TlaGopatopune wccregosanus, mnponenentuie ua JIM3, a taxxe 8 JIM, MACH wu apyrax ua cTHTYTAX, MosBOTHAH ycTaxoBHTs, 470 HoTepH sHepruH B cOGcTEeHHO Crupanbuoil KaMepe pH RocTaTouio GombINHX ee pasMepax, Booblite To- ops, Hepeamkn. Yeranontevo, Kpome Toro, ¥T0 cmupaabHas Kamepa OkaaMaaer cymlecrBentoe BIUMMe Ha YeaOBUA OGTeKAHMIA Koso cTaTopa uM onarox siampasamiomlero amapara, a craao GbiTh, H Ha BeAMUnIy noTepb sHeprua py MOCTy- GinexnH TloToKA Ha cT™paaH B cTaTOp H Rasee B wanpaBasiouuil armapa. B wactosujee pema cyulecrByer MecKo-IbKO MeTOJOB THApOMexaHHYeCKOTO pacueTa cmupazell, TIpwwem Kaabii H3 HX MoxeT ObITb Mpusiait MpaKTHMECKH YAOBACTBOPHTeABHEIM, CTH ONep- ‘rauile H pacnodoxkeiue KOTOHN craropa H stoTla- Tox Harpapasiouero anmapata BuGuparb cooT- percTBeHHo PasMepaM m OvepraNino ciuapasn. HanGonce oGocxonan paciet, paspadoranmnit mpowp. A. $f. Musosnve, nockoxbxy om YaoBte- ‘rBopaeT TpeGoBaHHio COXpaHleHita saKota focTO- mactba Tuomased. Paccwsranubte 10 aToMy Me- TAY cHUpANH, ierOUTe AOCTATONKO GodbUOl yroa oxzara (Goace 180°), jelicTsi#TexbiIo uMeIOT IPH paunonamHo BAOpAaHHLIx CKOPocTAX MaqHe BHYTPeHHUe ToTepH sHepriit H OGecTeHHBAIOT BBIK cokie auepreriveckHe KavecTBa TypOMHDL. Bame- pei ckopocteli B clmpanax c GonbUNIM yraoM oxpata NOKasaiTH, ITO NOTOK B HIKX G.H3OK K pae- NeTHOMY mpestiosloxwKeHnNO. Tas copmemexsiix T3C xuorna »eraterHo Ppactioaratb ocb arperara B cepemitite Typ6HitHO- To Gii0Ka. Tipu 9t0f KoMMoxoBKe TypGunHoro GuoxKa 2KeNaTeTbHO MpAMeHATD cHUpAAbuBIe KaNe- pate yrtom oxpata Menbuse 180°, JlaGoparopaue get) 100000 60000 40000 30000 20000 15000 10.000 000 6000 4000 3000 2000 1600 1999 600 500 400 300 200 190 199 30 Mougiocme N, «Bi 60 40 30, 253 Typbunnoe Kasepes 5 6 8 1 101016 20 25 30.3540 50 100 150 209 300 Hanop H,m Puc, 2-1. OGaacra npumenenun passiausx THnoB TypGuNNX Kanep ficeaegoBaliis cHUPAcbUBIX KaMep, HafelOULUX Ma~ aul yron oxwara (10 135°), nokagaau, 410 8 TOM cayaae paNHONAAbHO pAccHMTEBATy .cApasTbstBle KaMepbi He 10 3aKoHY mocTosicwa nutouazeli, aB UpemMoaoxenuM TocTomMIcTBa cpeaHUX CKO- pocteit Bo Bcex TOUKAX cHUpastbHoM yacTH KAMePH Hatt 9Ke CKOpOCTell, HECKOADKO YOBIBAIOULAX K 3Y- Oy onupanu, Bo Bpems aaGopatopuErx Hcetexopastli, npo- BegebX Ma Moreasx p_JlemMHrpaacKoM ‘no. rexnimmeckom uxetatyte (JIT) una JIM3, ayy unde cnupasnume KaMeps c yraow oxsata 135° Gui conocraptens co CIMpasbubin KaMepasiH, HimerouuiMi yroa oxpata 180°, Buiscuraoce, yo ipuytenenue coupasbibix KaMep c yrx0M oxwaTa 135° MpH yraax yetanopKH .tonacrelt paSovero Koseca of +5° go +20° npHBoaur kK CHIDKesHIO K. TL, A, Ha 05-14%. Kpome Toro, KOMMOHOBOWHBIe mpopadoTKH, mposenenutse Jlenrnazanom,! noxasam, 470 Want MeHbulee paccromime MexkAy OcsM ” arperaTos Toaytaerea mpi yrae oxsata 180°, B wactosiultee Bpema Helb3t CUHTaTe OKoHNa TexbHO HCCI LOBAHHBIM ROMPOC O 1LeTeCOOBNAs!tO~ + Tanosoh npoekt anenus pyeaosux raaposac«rpo- aunuit, ,Pagposteprompoekt*, us, Ne 7831, Mocksa, 1956, 3 TypGunioe osopyzonaiate CTH MpHMeHeHHA Toro HIM HHOTO MeTowa pacue- Ta CHMPAIbELIX KaMep JU NAHHBIX yenOSHii NPO- exruposaiina TypGuN. Stunt 1 OGpacHAeTCR Tor axt, ¥T0 paxee usroToBaeuHBe Ha sa0ax Co- getexoro Coosa ofHorimnbie TypOmH MMeror caupaaH, paccunTaHHbie m0 pasHeM MeTo.aM. B jaabuelime veoGxoaumo mnposecri acHepAbe Balouble HCCTeLOBAHHA JL BUIPAGoTKH Haray"- mnx (opm cnupambHbIX KaMep H Hav6oaee Fa- MHOHAAbHUX MeTOOR Hx pacueTa Huxe npunegentt npunensembie » uactoamee bpema Meron pacueta cnupasthHmx KaMep. Tparbe-anaautHeckHA pacueT cnupaabuntx Kamep To sakony mocrosucTsa mtomareit 0,f= Const. B Kaxk2oii TouKe MOTOKa B cHmpasth- Holt KAMepe CKOpocTS v BoALI MOKET GbITH pas- aoxeHxa Wa ABe cocrapsaioMlNe: paqnaabiyi ¢xopocTh v,, HanpanaeRnyio no paduycy K ocit TYPOWHE, HM OKPYAHYIO, HAM MHPKystAIWOHHY!O, ckopocrs v,, Hanpanlenuyio mepneHauxysRpHO K paanyey (pc. 2-2). B ocuony pacuera cnupaasuoii Kameppl Kaanyt caeayioMHe ABA NosIOReNIA: 1. Boga noma nogapatbca pavxoMepHo m0 Beeii OKpyxHOCTH Hanpaaamioutero anmiapaTa, MosTOMy padiaibiat cocTansAmOULaR Hpi Bxoe34 TypOunnnie Kanepes 1 orcactieaiouue Tpy6e VL Puc. 23, Mepsauouaatuoe ceveume 3 cumpanbuok Kavepm B HanpaBamouua annapaT mpeanonaraerca mocte- WHOA 4 paBHod: rae Q,—pacxon vepes typ6uny; b;— siicora Kanpasaaioutero annapara; Di—anawetp oKpyxnocrH, — mpoxogawek wepes suxogmie peOpa eraropuyx Ko- aout. 2. Oxpyxxnaa, HW LUpKyaRMMOUHAM, CKOpOCTE 8 m0Gol TouKe MoguMuseTCH SAKOHY NOCTOMUCTBA maoutaaed: or k rae r—pacetosuue ot och TypGumt x0 pac- cMaTpHBaeMOM TOUKH; k—noctosanas cnmpas. Tip tux mpennoaoxennax pacxon Q wepies Kakoe-sHGo MepunuoHambrioe ceuerme O—i ¢ Hapymuum panuycom R (puc. 22 4 2-3) panen: e el Far, Que? - Q= 3 2-1) rae y°—-KoopauuiaTash yrost, coorseTcray oun sToMy cedenmo 1 OTcuHTHBaeMBIH OT syOa cmH pals. t I Ut mon ee a ater esse lary —! TypOunnne Kaxepos 3i b_ mint, npnues oruowenne 2— 2+" +? ne Gonee 2,0—2,2. Béapuine oTHoueana caeayet wasnayaro torga, KOTAa paccromume MexAy ocAMM arpera- LONVRHO ObIT Jy, 708 KenaTeMHO yuenbusuTD. Yroa @ BuGKpaior Gpedan cropoomsbo bxodhon coven cnypar Ve joo nae aaye © l | | 5 OV OGIT 16 0 25800510 B BONED WORD 200° 300 Pacvematl nanep Hy,st Pac, 2-4, Epaibux aaa onpereaenus cpeatiell cKopocti 80 XoAWOM CeNeUHH crUpateAbX Kane Tloauui pacxog wepes cnipaa B ceueniin, coorsercrayroulem iauGomsitiemy KoopAMHaTHOMY yray (yray oxpata) Png,» Paper Res ar. (2-2) Tlocroaunyio cnupaan & caenyeT onpeaeaste, satanaxch cpeauel cKopocrsio TedeHNa BOM BO pxogiom ceveina OA crupaau. Cpeqnsa oxpyr- waa ckopocts V, BO BXO/WOM ceveHAH cnupaaM onpemeaseroa # sapucnMocTH oT xeficreyioulere wamiopa au6e no KpiBok puc. 2-4, mHGo To dop- myae: Vik. VH (23) rae cxopoctHolt Koadpmnnent £,==0,57 mpu wa nope H=300'« « k,==1 mpa H=3,0 x. Tpa Mpomenytouusnx Hanopax ero onpeseasior ny Tew cuneiuoll muTepnoaauMH TO yKa3aHibiM BBE xpailiuim alae. Tlo uafaenioh epeauel cxopocta V, m pac- XOLY Qnex onpeReamioT mowaRd F,, BxOANOTO ceveaud OA cuupamu (puc. 2-2), Pacxon Q, TypOusl UpHHMNAIOT COOTBeTCTRYIONUNN TOM Hadbsoll Harpy3ke Mp pacueTHom Ranope. Koucranta & cumpaat oguosnauno onpenens- eTCH SaaHHBIMA BEAHYHHAMH Gogcs Qo H Py @ raKKe KesaTembUOH (opMok ronepeyoro cexe- Hila Chupa, HanpuMep oAHow HS yRavaHNBIX Ha pac. 24 . Pacuet Geroutitx chupaabustx Kamep mpi v,r==const. [Lax Oeroniex enupaabubix Kamep B. mpaxtuKe oTeyectsesHioro Typ6RHOcTpoeMns yrou OxBaTa @,,,, OObIYHO MIpHiHMaioT paBHEn 135 — 295°; JIM3 uamre scero mpuHiMaeT 9,5, =180?, dopmy axoauoro ceuenua Gerosmoi cuupana nbiGupaiot no omMOMy u3° BapHaHToS pic. 2-5, BuGop coordouresna pasmepos m mn or 20 go 35°, Gomuseli uacrno 30°. Vroa y puGupaior oT 20 go 35° npn m=n (pute. n @), oT 10 0 20° npu m>>n (pue. 2-5,0) nor 10 20 15° np n=0 (puc. 2-5,2) Tipe n=0 cupaasuan Kavepa noayyaer pasbuTHe BUS OTHOCHTeIbHO Manpansiniomero annapata typ6une. Sto ysebulaeT oGwem Ce- TOW B MaccHBe HOABOAHO! YacrH H OCBOGOXKAAeT In, HPOCTpaHICTBO Mexay mepexpuiTieM cnmpasibHOit KaMeDbI Ht OOM MalLIRHHOTO 3a.ta, KoTOpOE MOKET GsiT HerIOMaoBaKIO Ain BEHOMOFATe.t>HOTO 060~ pyaonanun ruaposaesrpocraniuy. [Ip raxoit (bopme cnupasioi wamepst, B YACTHOCTH, yAObHO. PasMeMaioTes MAXTE cepROMOTOPOB HanpaBsno- uiero annapara, Tlosromy ncerja BsroaMo npn eee — Puc, 25. Poputi taspoanix cevenuh Gerowex cHupaaiiiax KAMep >npeslenseTea KOHCTpYKUWel MoBoRHO! yacTH ‘HAposmexrpoctaun H TypGuHKOrO OGopyRoRa- ug. C rigpasanieckok TowKn spenua Ker mpe- IaTCTBH K BHOOpy wWO6HX cooTHOMeNM m nn pre. 2-5) B mpegenax or m=b—b, uA=0 wom=0un . J\na BxoxHoro ceuenns BicoTy enmpastbHoi canepst BHOHPAIT ¢ cOOmOReHHeN caeAyIONUNX TeaoBiil: pH n 11M m, paBHOM Hy.HO, OTHOMIe- te 6a wasnayaiot or 1,5 no 1,7—1,85; mp NW A, He panMX ys, GébmyI"Ns BeaMINH mpunamaior or 1,2 a0 1,7—~1,85, wumath n==0, KpoMe Tex cuyyaes, Koraa MOABOAHaA YacTh CTAHUM MerOW3yeTCA AAR BoqocOpocnbix razepefi, B stom caywae cevenne cumpaabiok Kamepsl AOKHO paseHBaTbeA BBEPX, 7. ©. MpHXOAHTCA MpHHMMAaTh mdhhx- meat 4, Bim C, Hoayszemme no noworpauwe pac. 2-1240 Typbunne Kaneper u orcacusaouue rpyOo [fae §23] Orcactieaouue spy6s 4 k wo 43} é 8 479 @ 468 % 00 95) 55 7 es0 s as RD, pEDy pip @ avo oF 935 Paes Pasi by 24 POE , 25 - A 9 ia Ba Fra i, 2 2 if \ 0M 15 tO as 20 a5 O48 te te ie Yeon eatome crpanu gt rae AP — 12 Puc, 2413. Hosorpauma 1 t . rpauMa AN oupexesenE pasnepow cnt a PU —W12 panbuux’ Kamep xpyraoro cexenua np V. = const 109 t—jir Paawaaouo-ocessx TypOHH - 0 a9 ; = a a i t a a $ on oxtoma cnypam g 7 BilocmT nonpasxs, n neupasenme snaseus nx : Cy npniuwarot pastes: i Agas 9A, ' me 4 fase Auaaorausix nonpanox mpu noassosanN HoNorpaN moi puc. 2-13 ag paauanuito-ocesux. TypOnl Hoeurh He 1peGyerea, Tax xan Doswomubie OTKAONEMIS OF DI. lWirHXX 8 NowOrpauwe pacteritax npivenentiax paxonon ® ryp6uax store Tuna Naam A any HeanamnTeseno orpaxaiores wa ra6apirax canpaan 4. Cxopoctioit xosipimnenr &, npanar 0- CTOMUMLIM 319 KaxZOTO THMa KoseCa, TAK Kak B mpexenax auamaaoHa Hamlopos, cooTseTcTHyI0- ulero AaHHOMy THNy KOmeCa, OH MeHAeTCA Heaita- sure. 5. [uamerp pacttosoxeims Bxomux pebep CraTOpHbIX KOMIOHH J NOROpOTHOMONACTUBLX TYD- Gun mpunsr paputin 1,56 Dy. 6. Pacctomnne r, or oc TypOni 10 Bepit bl yrla, B KOTOpELA BYnCHBAIOTeA ceueMAA Kpyr- ao — Merasamiecko —chuparbHol — KaMepst (puc. 2-13), mpunaro papapim 0,65 Dy Puc. 2-14, Pasweps: cnupaacioit Kase pst sBoaxcxoli [IC Tipiseaeue 2 nyuxrax 5 a 6 KonctpyKria- ule CoOTHOMeHHA OmHaKH K TeM, KOTOPHE ¢aKTH- Heck MIpHHsTEE B HACTOAUIee BPeMA B KONCTPYK- MHAX CpeAHAX Ue KpYTNBIX TypOHH. § 2-3. Orcacermatomme TpyGet Orcactmatomaa Tpy6a siaJineten Heorbemme- MBM SITEMEHTOM MpOTOMHOH wacTH peaxTumitoll Ty POMEL, Poss orcachpaiouteli tpy6st _saxmiowaeres B TOM, ¥TOOLI OTBOAHTS Boy OT pabouero Ko-Teca TyPOMNA B WOKUNH Ore ¢ HaNMeHEuNNH 110- ‘reps sueprun, Harorasamsaiot tpyOy B Bitte aadpysopa —nocteneni pacumpaiomerocs tla- TpyGka, Gaarouapa sey novepu sHeprH saaun- TOI CHIDKAIOTCS, COOTBETCTREHIO YMeHbIeHIO BBIXOMMBIX cKOpocTeli. TaKUM O6pazoM, oTcacbi- Balolllan Tpy6a WosBolseT YaCTHYHO McTIOTh30- BaTb KHHCTHYECKYIO SHEPTMIO HOTOKA, cXONALLErO © paGouero xoneca, Betmunia stofi ameprim 2a- BIGHT OT cHcTeMit TOMBE Hu ec OEICTPOxoAHO- crt, Opmentaponounbie staves yaeaboi KiHe- ruyeckoh gHeprun 03/2gH pH cxoge notoKa c paGovero Komeca, BEpAKeHHBIe B MpoweHTax paGoxero Hanlopa HM mlogeuHTaNHEe Aaa Typ: Gi paamaNHoH GbicrpoXoRHocTH, MpiBemeHLL B Ta6a, 2-3, Tabauya 2-3 Yueabuaa kneTHIecKam aHEprHs MOTOKA pu cxone ero ¢ paGovero Kouteca TYpOuH PagaMsHol GucTpoxoAHocTH Yaemnman wanesmce- Sueprist Kostpbuaues Cnerena ryp6ma | euerpovoanoera (oie Tronopornoso- { some | nacre 5001000 Tamia MoKa3bIBaeT, YTO eC.IM B OTCAChIRAWO- MUX TPYGAX THXOXOAUEX pamHaitbHO-OceBLIX TYP- GuH YAeTHAA KUHETHYECKAA SHepTiiA B Hava Hom CevenHit coctananet 2—4% paGoxero Hatto~ pa, 70 y ObICTPOXOAHEIX OBOPOTHOToMAcTUBLX TY] Own 9Ta mnpa yBemmupaetcn 20 40 u Sonee HpoueHtos Hoaol sHeprHM NoTOKa. B oracbpaioulel TpyGe KieTHYeckan 9Hep- THA, BEIMICJeHHad To cpemHelt cKopocTi, yMetb- % oh 150) 60) 128} 60; 40 440 075} 30 950) 20] 9254 10} o O25 50 75 100 125 180 175 200 225 250 276 00 Honop H.m Puc, 215, Tpague aaa onpeneaenmx exopoctm vy KumeruNeckoll sueprim 5777 8 AUXORKOM ceNeHHH oTca- cusarougnx TpyG UlaeTes, JOCTHTAR B BEIXOAHOM ceNeHiN BeAIUHiEL 0;2/2g. laa peaxtusnex ruaporyp6ux aeiicron- resiex rpacbux prc. 2-15, re pemauunis yaeabtol, a TakKe aGcomOTHolt BLIXOAHOM CKOPOCTH Vs, La- rot B @yuxuuar Hanopa typOune H. Orcactizaio- mule TpyOHI Jealored Kak NPsIMEIMH KONHYECKA- Mu, Tak H usoruytiims, HanGoaee mpoctoli i rita PaBMecKH HanGomee coBepulenHoi snBssercst Tpamas Kounvecxas Tpy6a Torepu B orcaciBaiouelt tpyGe n Koadpu- WMeHT BOCcTaHOBAeHHA aHeprMn. OGuLe moTepH SHEPTHK B OTCachIBaIOMLe TpyGe MoxT0 pasbATb Ha Jive rpyltin: ruqpapsmmieckie norepH Bt ‘TpYOH H orepH KHHeTHYeCKOH SHeprHH MPH BE xole oToKa H3 TpyGeI. Buytpexaue ruxpasanuveckue no- TepH CocTosT 3 NOTepb Ha BHYTpeHtee TpeNHe, BHSBANHOe BiXpeOOpasoBalHeM HM yBeAHEHHLIM TypGyatewrHene OOMeHOM SHOprHA MeEXAY csIOAMIT BOAB MPH PacluHpeHHH MOTOKA B AKGYpysope, K Ks. Norepb Ha TpeHe BOK O CTeHKH TpyGEL. TOT BHA HoTepb ee HemocTaTOUHO HayueH, NOvTOMy He TPpescTapasteres BOSMOKHEM 1aT HaseKuNe MeTOMbI TeopeTu4ecKOrO OpexeTeHis UX Aut BCEX (bopm TpyG; MectezoBaKUe STHX MoTepb BeTeTCs SKCHepHMeHTAABHEIM. MYTEM. B waorayroit orcacktsaiomel tpyGe BayrpeH- He THAPABANYECKHe TOTepH GosIlle, yeM B Mpa- MoocHioll KoMUYeCKOM. Sto OOHACHAeTeA TeM, 4TO b worayToii orcackiBaiouleli TPy6e NonopoT T0- Toka yaeaminaer HepasHomepHocts pacnpesteste- Hus CKopocTeit To ceveHHAM H TeM CaMEIM. yusedit~ WuRAeT BUXPeBbIe HoTepH HU MoTepH, ONpeTerRe- able BEXOAHOM ckopocTbio. Ha newtuniy MoTeps Baller TawAKE TO, 4TO MpH PaBHoBeMMKHX 1.:10- UlaasX BbIXOLNOTO ceHeHist HBOTHYTAA oTCACbI- Balollad TpyGa HMeeT HECKOMEKO GOubILLYIO ATH HY, YeM MIpsMa KONHMeCKAH, BeaencTsie wero YaeuMUMBAIOTeH HOTepH Ha THAPABARNECKOe TPe- ue.42 Typbwinese vanepee u orcactieaouue rpybe Morepu xanetuweckoh sxeprun 1p BHxXORe MOTOKA us Tpy OH, Boza lpi BBxoge 3 oTcacsBa‘oUel Tpy6u OGaazaer ompenerenvoi xnmerueckoil sxepriell, Beta KoTopoi aaBlicHT OT BemuuH U Xapaxtepa pac- mpemenenus ckopocteli no BHXOAHOMY ceYeHINO. SuawuterbHas vacTh KuxeTHYecKoh 9Heprin apa BHIXOe HOTOKa US TPYOM TepaeTeA H JUittty He Goaputan ee YacTS MonomBayeTeA GaaroxapA He KOTOPOMY TOHINKEHIO NbesoMETPHYECKOTO YDOEIA B BBIXOAHOM ceveHHH oTcackiBalouteli TpyGst npo- THB ypoBKa HMKHerO Gbemba, T. e, Gaaroaapa co- omererByiomtemy yaemHveHitio Hanopa TypO:rHt. Yaeabuyio Kinetu4eckyio sHeprisio noToKa np BHIXOJe 43 TpyObI, C YUeTOM HepaBsOMepHOrO pac- Mpeulestenus cKopocreli 10 BEXOANOMY ce¥estinO F, onpeneasior no dopsyste: Feder a: (2-12) TAC U,—CKOpocTs B modo TOKE ceyeHHA no- ToKa; —coerapanioutaa exopocti, K mocKocra F. Viuzexe 5 osnawaer, 470 exopocmt ormocares K MaroMy (sbIxoxHOMy) cesenitio TpyGs!. Hocro- HHeTBa oTcacuiBaoMek TpyOM B siaddreaDLol Mepe SapieaT OT xapaxrepa pacnperesestun cKO- pocteit no monepewusne cevenusm. Yen paptomep- well pacnpeaertenne, TeM MeHbIe MoTepH B Tpy- Ge, 1 a0Gopor. Crentenb MepasHomepocrn — pacnperenenna eKopocreii xapaxrepiayerea Koxppunuentom Ko- pHoayea a, KOTOpbh paren oTHOMeHMO daxtH veckoit yaeabHoit xmeTHIeCKoH SHeprHN AaitHO- TO celles K yae/bHOM sHeprin, ‘BETINCAeHHO' nO cpeauelt ckopocTH Aas Toro 2%e ceveNHA, T. e.: 9, HopMaqbHast (otear Tz . (2-13) Kosihnuenr ag ute BuxomHOTO ceveHiA ga- buicur of (opMat # PasMepos oTcacbraLouleit tpy- vi, (bopMat cionacteli paGowero Komeca u penkusta padoThl TypOuNbl; of Meet creRyIOMNe sHa~ ueHust: ‘Tun oreaeaeaamuzeh tpyCat uaeune 1 yenonus pacor % Tpamoocuas, 12-1 Haoruyras, xopoueil Popaiz, upil wanayuueM Coveramui TPYOM H padowero xoseca 1 angoxee Gaaronpastux pexuwax paGori 1,5—2,5 Haorayzan, xopoutet opus, mpl NeGagronpusTawx pexuwax pa- Gore, Hanpawep 4a weKoTopHIx mponeanepabix pexuMax . 3,0-7,0 [fa 2 Puc, 2-16, Mpaas xonnveckan orcacusaiomas ‘rpy6a u ornoaawul Kanan Cymmapnsie norepu gHepran B oTcactiBa- foute TpyGe ckstantiBaiores Wa rugpaBmUNIECKHX HoTepb BiYTPH TPYGH H NoTeps KUHeTHHeCKOR SHEPTHH IPH BLIXORe U3 TpyOHl: a Nom Sag FM ae» (214) THe Y,—cKopoeTs BO BXOAOM ceNeHH TpyOH, 0, —CKOpOcTh B BHXOAHOM ceueHUH TPyOE. Kamaomy yraty xonycnoern $° (pic. 2-16) MpamoocHolt OreacLiBaomle TpyOK cooTBeT- cTByr HanBHrosHeimHe cooTHOUIeNHA noutazel BXOMHOTO H BbIXOMHOrO ceNeHH F,/F, H OTHO- cureabian aauna L/D,, rae D,—~ awamerp Bxon- HOrO CeNCHHA, pH KOTOPEX OTHOCHTeTbHBIE TO- ‘Tepit 9ueprHu B TpyGe GyayT Haumenbumt, Teoperuveckue pacers mpiBogat K yKaaaH- num B TaGa. 2-4 onraMampubi sHaueHuAM OTHO- cureapuoli ants L/D, upamoocuoro audypy3opa H HanGoabuero XK. un. OTcacbiBaioMled TpyOEt om UPH PASHEIX Yrsax KoNyCHOCTH °. B roll xe ‘TaGMHNe YKagaHLI HpaxTHecKH HaHGosee BHTON- Hale, Goxee KoporKie AMdysopeL, mp KOTOpBIX CHIDKEHHE K. Tl, 2. TPYGU yy MPOTHB eTO HaHl- Gouutero shaven He npeBbiaer [°/y, Toa K. m. 2. orcachisaomelt TpyOH th, HaSbIBAEMBIM Tak Ke KosdxpaUNeHTOM BoccTaHOD- venus, loapasyMenaered oud ucroassyemolt ‘TypOuuoll KuuetHuecKol SHEprHH NOTOKa Bo Bxon- HOM CeNeHHH OTcactiRaioUlell TPYOH, T. e. OTHO- menue pasHocrH. MosaHoit KueTHYeCKOH sHeprum norepb B Tpy6e K MoaHOM KuHETHNECKO: sHep- rau. Tlovepu sxeprim B Ha0rHyTHIx orcacsisa‘oMtUx ‘TpyOax onpeseamores aKcrlepuMenTaasiBiM TY- . rem, Beauuuta ux, Kak ykasbiBasocb, 3azHCHT OT (opmat H pasmepos rpySul, GuIcTpoxomHocTH Typ Guiut H pexuma ee padorss. Y Guicrpoxosueix ‘TypOuu c oTcacuBaloNyMH TPyYOAMH MaJIuX paz- MepoB MaBHBle MOTepA sHepTHH BOSIMKaIOT 3 OT- cacsipaiomtell rpyGe. Ou coeraBasior oxo.10 40% 5231 Tadauya 2-4 Pexonenayemue aamHu HpaMoocHux OTcacHBaoMUR Tpy6 aceX HoTepb B TypOuHe SIPH MacIAX Harpy3xax H roxorst lo 75% pu Goasumx Harpyakax. O6ume norepu ouepriav, BoaMAKa‘OMLIe BOT comatourell TpyGe, ckdameBaLoTea us pasm!- nuix Kareropuii HoTepb. CooTioienve 1x 3aBKciT of pasMepos orcacbibaioulell TpYGbL, Tax, y orca cusaiomell TpyOH masbix pasmepon u xopouteli popmet, ¢ auxbysopoM, pasmepst KoToporO Tpo- TOPUMOHAbUB HOMCHK.TATYPHLM, TaBiIBIMH AB~ oTBOAAINErO KaHlasa hz ROADKHO BHITD Te Metiee 0,3 a Juin Mase TYpOMH 1 0,5 a 218 Gomb- wux tTyp6ut, Ceyenxe orsogsmero xKaHacia ie AOVKHO YMewbillaTECA To Hampanazenmo Teves. Maoriyrse orcacusaioue tpy6u. Moxasai- kaa na puc. 2-17 2-18 wsornytam orcachiaal0- uaa Tpy6a coctouT u3 \KOHMUecKOro pacxosattte- Toca natpy6Ka A c yrtoM KoHyeHOcTH B x0 11— 12° wa cropoxy, usornyroli uacrH, wn Koxena B, 4H andbysopHoro Bbixoxoro nampy6xa C, 31ayH- TenbHoe BinHe Ha spbeKTHBKOCTS uB0rnyTOH orcackmaiouielt TpyGut okasbBaIoT dopMa Wi pas- Mepbl ee. SKetlepHMeHTasbHBIe sccaexosaiNs, Puc, 218, t [ra.2 Orcactisaiouan ‘Typ6 unundowveston ‘notepzvcome & Komuseenon nosepnocs Honnonan ‘nnooroors Puc. 219. Koaewo cepnu ‘py6a’ nosoporuononactHoh aH 4 orcactisaomen rpyGue § 23) mponeslentble & passiusnbix taoparopiax Coaer- ckoro Cosa mo HswcKaNmo panyouatbaLix opm u pasMepos aueMeHTOB HaOTRyTHIX OTCACbI- AIOULX TPyG BMX CONeTAKHM € pasTMUTbIMH TR aM padowx KosIec pas BEIX TYDGHI, NOKAsasH, 410 HaGoree BHCOKUE Th. i TypOWHEt MpH paDionernKux ra6apurax orcackiBaloMlux TpyO NoaysaioTes pH HBOryTEX ‘orcacbisalouix Tpy6ax ¢ KowteHom cepun Ne 4. Peamepur stro Kaitewa u ero MozudmiKaut (060- auaveuun pasMepos Aan Ha puc. 2-19) mpiue- jeubt 8 TAGs. 2-5, Hacto mo Ye-lopKAM KOMTIO- HOBKH 3XauIA CrainWuN MpHMeHsOT acHMMeTpHA- Hble B Tlave Kostetta Toro xe Tena, Ha puc, 2-19 ragor,temmverpinice roneno a06paxKeHo MYHK- Mi, Tadauya 25 Paswepnt 9KcnepHMeHTanbHMx KosteH cepHn Ne 4 Passes no pies 219 | 4A, 0,622 Be 1,352 Dk ome | 002 " 18 | 1.200 2,50 | 2,740 | 0,252 0,269 O58 1 | 0.1945, a 0, 1945] 0,205 | 0,245 O,9220) 0.446 | 0,487 ast | 0,463 | 0,489 | 0 : To | 7,000 0,5515 | 0,589 | 0,6210 | 0,0807 005 | 1,275 | 1,360 |T4 F 0,508 | 0,24 | 0,349 | J 665 | 0,703 | 0,745 | 0,816 | 0. - Vo,0104/o, ; [oat ae 0,829 | 0,3608 “ 0,677 | 0,710 | 0,782") 0,590 Tipu ices uae, Paswepue 2gns » woxpax: » snonureae — a0 D=O,46 at stanennzene a8 Dy = 1D ae Ha JIMS Guim mponerenst xaGoparopatie uc- cnegonanua OnNOTIMABX oTCacHRatoMLx TpyO Orcaceearouyue rpybe 45 oy a Puc. 2.20, penn samenenus akenepumentadsHoh orcacunaiol mepor A TpyOu © Koatenom cepun Ne 4, uerbI0 KoTOPHIX Ge110 n0- AYYeHHe TaHHLIX AWK BIGOPa PasMepoB 3-1eMeH- OB TpYG 1 BEINBAeHHe BAHAHHA TEX HAM HHSIX s13- Mexesuit sTHx pasMepos (pic. 2-20) Ha seasrunty K. 11, d. tpy6. Hccaexoxanun noxasaay, ro: a) HauayWMIMh yroa a TloxReMa MloTOAKA BH oro aitpysopore. maTpyOKa sasucur oT SulHuLt 9roro MaTpyOKa m uaMeHsIeTeA B Mperte-1aX or 10° npn L2=34 Dy x0 13° npu Le=1,8 Dy (puc. 2-20,a); 6) npH yRemuverun uMpma BEIXoAE senna TpyObt (3a cuer yaeaWueHHs KOHyCHOCTH aug@ygopa B Mave) KM. 2. H Mouioctp Typ- GusiEl ueckoUbKO yReanunBaiores (pic. 2-20,2), Tpuuem Wanppiroaneinas Bem aTOM yMenbmaeTen; B) YBeanveHe KoNycHOcTH TOpHs0NTAIDHOM uacri Kowtena @ ilaHe Jaer MpuMepHo Te 2e pe- ayasrarst (puc, 2-20,0); r) pacuiupeHve KomeHa 3a cueT ropugoltraabHoli act * HecKoaLKO Km A, (pic. 2-20); 31) Yasunieniie BEIXoHOTo AudipysopHore ta- apyOkaynennunpaer x. 1. A. TYPOHMLL (pac. 2-206); e) yaemmuexue sarayOnenus tpyOm 3a cyeT Yyasianena KONHMeCKOTO TaTpyOKa BHaYase pesKo Yyeermunpaet K. 1. A. H MOWINOCTL TypOHHEL, HO TPH JanbHeimem sarayGnenma 370 ysearsesue cTauosiinen Meee sHawnreabatim (pitc. 2-20,0); Kpoe Toro, oaHoTunHBIe oTcacHisatomule TPY- 6b1 © KoneNom cepnn Ne 4, a TawKe pan oTCAchI- atomutx tpy6 ¢ Kodewawnt apyrux THIIOB Sbua HenuiTaHDl Ha MpeAMeT BUAEVICHHA BANANA BIS corm H muna TpyO wa K. mA. TypOuBL, Mpa STOM GbiO NPOBEREMO TPH CepiH OTILITOB. saneHuA ero noBsruaeT16 _Typburvone naneps u orcacwaarouue Tpybs & 3 Kosppuauenm nasesvoeo Beiiemeun Bx 8 Besa eg wo) a0 00200 00 00 M800 2000 2200 2400 Mpueedenneiit paczod Qs ,a/cex Puc, 2-21, Sanucumocts K. a. A. TypOHu ¢ Koaecou [W191 ot npu- beaeHOrO Pacxoxa H pasMepos OTcacusaiomux TpyO pu pasuax Mpusemenmsx sucaax o6opoTos [raz Hepoas cepua onsiron, Uermpe on- HOTHTUNIe OTCACBIBAIONLNe TPyOs C KO- aenom cepa Ne4 Gwan nembrrartes € paGowm xKoaecom rloBopoTHosiona- ermoro Tuna cpegneli OnerpoxoaHocTH (1191), Omeret nposoxnancn Ha Mo- neam saamerpom D, = 460 aux, Mare- PHaa wenwtanui mpegctansenm ua puc. 2-21, npunem pasmepst nemurax- PRX OTCacBIBAIOULIX TpyO oKasa:tEL B TaGz. 2-6, Peayauraraym THX oMbi- TO MOXKHO NOORATECA I MpH aKa 3€ BINAHHA OTCACHBAIOMAx TPyG Ha Xa~ pAKrepHcTHKH HOMeHKAaTypHBIX Typ6HH cpeatiell Guicrpoxoguocra ¢ pa6ounmn xostecanu T1JI510 w T1587. Bropas cepua onuiron, Orcacuipato- ume TPYOu ¢ KONeHaMH pasHbx THKOB Gb vctbITaNEl c paGounm KosecoM ToBopoTHowonactHoro TuMa —BEICOKOH Gsicrpoxoauocra (11/1592). Tperba cepua onbiros, OrcacviBalo- me TpYOH ¢ KoseHann pasiibix THTOB Own wenrane ¢ padownM KomecoM PagHaabHo-ocesoro THNa cpeavel Oxi- erpoxoawocta (PO82). Lembo omsitos OuLIO BHABHTS BAMA BHICOTSI TPYOH € pasHEIMH KOeHAMH Na K. 1. A. TYPOH- HB pasuasnito-ocenoro TNA, Onuirsr propo u rperselt cepa mpo- BOANIHIcs —¢ ~— MoeMBO — AMaMeTpoM D = 250 na. Marepuaai aropo rpetsef cepiii OnKITOB NpexcranaeHE, cooTReTcTREHHO, Tabauya 2-6 Pasmepy axcnepunentansunx orcacsiaromnx Tpy6 c KoxeHow cepan Xe 4 Has paGowero Koneca [LIL 1 [0.830] 1.550 | Orcacuemouue Tpybo_ t Kooppuuenm nanesnaeo eioméun 9% 1000 100 Puc. Pagwepa oxcuepumentadbinax oreachinayomnx TpyG ¢ KoXenoM Cepma Ne 4 92, Sanncnmocts K. Mm A Apubedenwsd posed nice" ANH paGowero Koxeca T1592 aaa a0 Tadd Tel toad ron 8001800, tH" 2100 Zam 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 ayponuu ¢ xoxecom T1592 oF npnsexemHoro pacxona « paswepos owes TY MPH PAK MpuseneHMIX ACAAX OGOPOTOR Tasauya 27 { 1,025 1 | 44 |7 ooo] i915] 3,390 | 2,250 7,398 | \ : > 0,460] 0,880 1,950 0,612 7,000) 1,518 | | 1996, 3 | ap | 9-8) 1.056 [0.735 7,000) 2,306 | i585 4 | ap | 9.460) 1,056] 1,950 0,785 | T,000| 2,300 | 3,255, 1,595 { Mpmwesaswe, Pasvepu game a werpax: ¢ wemrese— 422 Dy= O46 a, m auaueuarene — aa Dy— 1,0 a; Fy (nome, wb wnagpemuae weap Mpxwecanie, Pasuep Rams a qerpax: 9 sweamvene ast Ds~ fe xh Apariie Herp 45 at, 8 suanenarene —aan Dy= L045 Fe (nzoRaz8) —48 __Typ6unnese Kanepa u orcaceioaouue zpybs [tae PasMepht IkCUepHMeHTa ABH CACHIBAIOL Taeaune 28 tux orcacstnarouin TpYG € KoneNOx iam pabosero konecs Poss. © “OweNO cope 38 4 x | tm | you | Fasuepi no pie pion | 2,580 5,500 | | 80 (hao 1,225, 2, 0.665 135 | 2.5 sor | 0,005 n | 2665 | 5.500 eu | i440 . Per femme ite okeceerneeese este atte semen et a ate (eee 8 g a ospipuavesin nonesvoen teontan 9% 8 5 Ey 00 Ba 200 ios - Apubatonnst pace? di, ncen uc, 220, Sauncanoere st 2. TypOnat € nosecox POSD or mpunenet feseuloae ¥p)6 np puonss ipuaeacnie na puc, 2-22 293, a pasmeps: nemstannux BO BPeMA STHX OMBITOB oTCACHBAIOMUNX Tpy6 — B Ta61. 2-7 1 2-8, Ha pucyuxax up TaGaMLax TpHBeeHBI AAHUBIe, KACAIOILUECS mexee sarnyO.tennbte apy ¢ BEICOTOH f=1,9 Dy. [pu stom B Coitb- ineli actu paGowHX perKHMOS TPOHCKOMT MUL HegHaunTelbHoe CHHKeHHe K. 1. 2, TypOun (CM. pic, 2-23), OgHako mpumenenve TaKix Ma.1o3a- TayOaewtsx Tpy6 Aa ykasantioro Tuna TyDOHH hipupomur K yelurenmo HecraumonapHEix statestHh B MlOTOKe WK ROIMORHOMY MomBTeHHIO BHOpa nit arperara. Tlostomy B Hactosuee Bpema Aaa pastnamno-ocessix TypOun ¢ Koadpiuciesrowe GwcrpoxoanocTa 1, >200 c:temyer peKoMeHA0BATb ‘roabKo saray6aeniise TpyOu ¢ BAicoToH h > = (23-+2,7) Dy. Das mentee 6ricrpoxoaubix pa- JMaibHO-oceBux TypOuH awasoTsTIAAX onUITOD He Guin0 Mposeneno. B cansu c sTum pasmep 1py6 juit ‘TYPOMH SOTO Tha MpuxoanTcR BOAT, PYKOBOCTBYACh UpuMepoMm relicTsyIOMLAX Ci1Apo- suextpoctainnuit. Ocnosunle pasMeppi orcacuiparoutell Tpy6st suGupatot ob culezyomum oOpasov. Ocra- HOBUBIINCS Ha OMpedeleHHOM THTIe OTCACEIPAIO- ie TpyGu1, xapaxtepusyemom hopMof ee Ko-te~ xa, 1 BuIOpas BeIcoTy A TPYOM, NepexoraT x OMIpE enenmio BeeX TPOWX paaMepon. Buicory fis Ko- Ineteckoro TarpyOKa BuINHcasion no AHamerpy Ds BXOMOTO CeNeHHs 9TOrO Marpy6Ka, BsOpanioMy yray f° H cooTHoUeHHIO Mey BpIcoTol hy juametpom Dy, caoiicraenomy nanHomy THY KO- nena, Jina seex THTIOR HopMasbibix Konex JIMS huamerp Ds Bxosa B oTcackiBaroulylo TpyOy Moa Ho cHHTaTh pasHLiM BuXORHOMy AHameTpy D2 pa- Gouero Kosteca. Suasenta Dz B SaBHCHMOCTH oT Dy ykasauit Ha raGapirax paSowx Komec (cM. § 1-3); Tam xe ykagaHBt BuicoTHt fy, Yrout B° KO- juveckoro MaTpy6ka OOLIUHO MpuHAMaIOT paBabiM 6—10°. Bucota hy oTHocHTembio enema; ec BHOUPaIOT MO KOHCTPYKTHBHBIN COOGpaxkeHitaM, Bee npouwe pasMepat Kowte#a, B TOM Wcwte JH ny Lyn umpany By (puc. 2-19) Braneamior » 3a- SitcuMocTH OT AHaMeTpa Dy BXOMa B KOMEHO, CO- raacto AaHHBM TAG. 2-5, Lamy Ly andspysopa onpeneasioT No sataMHof cpemmieli CKOPOSTH Us WIM 10 3afaHHOi BeaHuHHe Ke MeTHYeCKOH 9Hep- THM B BEIXOAHOM ero ceueHM. StiaveHtnA cKopO- crell Us pH pacueTAMX Hamlope H pacxosle W CO ormerorpylonylo BeNMIAY KHETHUECKOM SHePrH PeKomenityeren MpHEUMATE To KpHBof puc. 2-15. ‘Yrox a° HaKiona novomKa aubbys0pa NpH- nuator ot 10 10 13°, mpuvest senbuah Ha TAX yraop suiGupaior mp Somburoh rue, a Corb uni —npa mano ane xubdbysopa. BuGop paaMepos W3OrkyTHIX OTCacbIBaloUlNx xpy6 nosopTHomonacrHBIX M NMponestepusix TYP- Gun. Suavenus cpemHx cKopocTeit B PEXONILIX ceaenax orcaceipaioumex Tpy6 Typ6uK AaRNoro50 Typbunnoie Kameps u orcacweaouue rpy6o Tuma TAKE peKoMeHAyeTeA MpOISBOANTH TO KDH- voit pc, 2-15. Orcacbigaioutite tpyOsi, npenna- sHaueWuble Ana sToro Tuna TypONH, peKoMeaayer- cH xenatb c Kosenamn cepun No 4. Onperenenne MpowIX pasMepos orcacwisaioMux TPYG oxo UPOHSSOAMTb Tak 2%Ke, Kak GBIIO peKOMeHJOBaHO Bhille Aut pamaabio-ocesnix TypOMH, Tipu pbiGope pasmepos orcacbipaiomix tpy6 MopoporHostonacritix TyPOUH caeRyeT HMeTS B Bil AY paswnuy B BeANWHHe K. 11. J, HomyyaoULyiocn ‘B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT Pa3MepoB oTCacbIBaIOuLUX TpyO pH pasamunpix svayennax Q} (puc. 2-22 1 2-23), Manimanbuie pasmepn orcacuisaromux Tpy6 Gepyrcn toraa, Kora pacueriyio MoutiocT Typ- Guxbt BbOupaioT He MO MaKcHMaqBHO!, a TO HE Koropoli Meibueii mponyckuof cnocobsacTH Ko- deca, Mam Korna TypGuiy npeaasnawaior Aaa PaGorsi npemymectsenHo ¢ HenorpysKo Hutoraa no crpourestbibim coobpaxxennsss Tpe- GyeTcA NoaNATh OTMeTKy Ha B BLIXOAHOM ccye- HHH OTcachiBaloulell TpyGEI BEMIe OTMETKH, ONDE Reanemoi sucotoli h, Skchepumentaapuite ccs ZoBaHiA ToKasasH, 4TO TaKolt HoXBeM MORHO Ges yulep6a ocyulecTBaaTS, Ipuaanaa m1ocKocTn Ana yxaon no 5°. B cay¥ae Heo6xoaxmocrn stot Yrou Moxer Gut yeauven 4o 10—12°. [pu aKe- 224, Orcacusawomas rpy6a JIM3 MosopotuononacTuoi Typonnes {fa 2 ‘aH CoxpanuTE HopmasbHyio dopmy Kouena H a ysopa, yxasanioro Torvema Moxito o- Gurbca x ApyraM nyTeM, a HMeHHo nosopotoM TpyGB oKoT0 TOK D (pic, 2-17 2-18) Ha Ke- AarexbHitit yroa. pu Oombuioi uapune Bs aacte BosiiKaeT HeoOXoauMocTs B ycTalosKe wHyTpA orcacsiBaroutell TpyOni NpoMexyTouHOTo 6uixa ata YMCHDINCHAA NpoweTa H TOAMMiNL TaHTE ocHOBA- uum iH nepexpurrus Tpy6E,, wro OGzer¥aer cTpoH- TembHyto Kouerpyxumo, H3-3a storo Oblxa noTepH B tpy6e nospacraior Ha BeAMNHAY, MpUMepHo paB- HYIO BBISBANHOMY STHM XKe OuIKOM yBesHetliO KHMeTHMECKOMI SHEPTHH B BEIXORHOM cCUerIA OTCA- coipalome tpyOnl. UroOs ymexbuinTe onpiua- Teabtoe BANA GuiKa, cuelyeT BbIXOAHOH AH ysop rpy6b ymupure no xpaliteli sepe ta- TOMO, YTOGL ce¥eHe ero ocTacocs —paDtbM ceuexmio auddysopa HoMeHKaatypuol tpy6u1. sx . Tunst pekomennyennrx tpy6 JIMS Ha puc. 2-24—2.26 nperctantenst paspa6o- annie JIM3 H pexomensyemsie ma opsur orca- CbIBAIOMAX TPYG H UX KOWeH, Aapilide UanGoaee YaOBAeTBOpHTEMUBe PeaysbTaTE pH MoMLTa- HMAX ¢ OMpexeNeHHbIMK ThnaMH paounx Kon orcacbinaiouyex Puc, 225, Orcacuiaioman Tpy6a Guerpoxoauok Paawaseuoocesol TypOuuts, 9.25] OcHopube pasMepEI oTcachisalomlix Tpy6 mpea- nent B TaGa, 2-9. efexoAT Ho OGULIX Kasam § 2-3, caeayer pekOMeH10BaTb MpOeXTHPOBLLUKAM, YOGI OHH, BuOpaB THN OTCacbiBaiomel Tpy6b! cooTBeTCTBEH- Ho GbicrpoxomHocTH pado¥ero KOneca MpocKTH- pyemoli raapossexrpoctaxumu, nosocrbIo coxpa- Pea COOTROMEHIS —DasMepOB, YKASaHABX |B ra6a. 2-9. Otetynats or ykasaHnbix cooruome- ult ZonycTuMo ToABKO pH cHlewmbudecKAX ye10- BHSX CTPONTeAKCTBA H MpHTOM su ¢ paspeute- HUA sagoqa — uaToTOBHTeI TypGML. § 2-5, Mpumenenne oxKextupytommx yerpoficrs Jas GopLGni ¢ MoHWAKeHHeM Hanopa H MouMOCTHL pu mponycke nasonKos Tip nponycxe mapoaka yposerts HixKero Greta THAPosAeKTpOCTANUIH NOBIMAeTCA, BONEN eroie wero ee paGownl Hanop yMexpiuaerca, B_ wi3Konlanopubix rmaposmexrpocranianax 9T0 cumkeiue Hepenko gocturaer 50 u Goace mpo- UetiTos OT HOpMambHOTO, sHavenun padoxero Ha- fiopa Tpunenenue axcexrupyiouux yerpoiicrs npu mponycxe nasodKos dL Puc, 2.96, Orcacusaiousn 7py6a THXOXOSHON paavaavio-ocenor ‘ry pOunay 4 4 Tadauya 29 OcHoBHBe pasyepm orcachBalomNx TPYG Tipawepnan o62sers npoxeseran hy towep prey Tosopotuozonactuue ryp6uum xaaoh 9.460 | ““ouctpoxoauoeru (T1377; T1687), 1,000| putes bo Mosopotuoacnactuwe typOuHN cpeazed 2| “GueTpoxonwocr (I1587; THv1910), pac. 2.24 Paguampno-ocenuie TypOnnu cpeauelt Ou: erpoxoawocrx (PO82; PC63E), pre, 2-25 T.20 | loxoporoaonacrue typo epezuen | u Gonbuol GuerpoxoauoctH (111510; 7,200] T1682), pue. ‘294 Paquaasuo-ocestie rypOuuts cpenkell_ G604 | ’Gomeuion — GueTpoxoznocty (POSSE, | P31] Pc82; Poall, PU12), pre. 2-25 0,604 | TlonoporticaonactHue TypénHm Coasuioh T,a10| Guerpoxoauocru (F1s1592), pue. 10} 1,000 0,470, [7-900 2,300 5,500 2170 2 | 2,3 Tpwsce sania, 1, Pasnepts nan 9 erpas: 2 Pasmepas 3. Moapotte “” 7,090 | 7,040 |0,510 | 1,410 | 0,957 ita: hy Dy rbrpaioves: welierTyervare, 38 4 anepid keen w panne ero acepranna noiveaen ha pre. 2 | 0,431) Peauaaeno-ocesue syp6ums mano Ost ‘erpoxonnoct (PCE33; PO26), puc 2-26 n sucarrexe — 2m znaverpa Dje0.46 ai » anavemorene— gas Din.0 uateern oF fara paGovero “neseesPacnoaaraeman mommiocts typ6uum mpi stom YMenburaeres, Ecrectaeno, noatuxaer erpentte- HMe HCNOAB30BaTb sHeprHio H3G6LITKOB Tan = DLIX BON AAI HeKYCeTBeMHOTO TloHIDKeHHA ypoRlA Hiknero Gbea y orcacuBaroulAx TpyO nyTeM SrKeKLH, Flas soli wea MoxHo mpaMemns ony 113 CAPAYIOUMIX TeXIYECKHX cXeM OXKeKTHPYIOULIX yerpoiicrs, 1. Tlox orcactiaatounmn tpy6anm yerpoenut HOWHBIe BoAOCGpocute rastepert, no “KoTOpLIM COpacwrsaior Aoctarouro GoaLume pacxoxw, Baa Toaapa GoubuMM cKopocTaM Bone, BUITeKaOULe!t B wibkiunit Obed, Aaamenue B BuXO;YOM cogeuAtt orcaceiBarouuix Tpy6 NoHWKAeTeR, YTO yBeaHuN- Baer nelteTyrounnit nanop yeranopKn. Hexoctar XOM sT0fi cXeMaI sageTeH ypeamueHie rAyOUNs Saloxenus ocHoBaHHa sqaitia craHunH, Been evaule vero BospactaeT OGbeM puleNKI rpyitra i Setomoft Kaaaxn. Omitst BHAT noxasispator, ¥TO MPH stoi cxeme a9 MonyueHA cylitecTBeH. Horo aibexta sxxexum tpeGyerca cépacsinaTh No S’ekTopHbIM TastepenM RecbMa auauiTeaBHEe Pacxous! Boxes 2. Sxkexropupie rasepen Bweneist Herocpen- cTBetHo B orcacsiBaiomyio Tpy6y. TIpu arolt exe- Me oxexrupyioutas crpya ynemiuunaet cxopoeTb Bobi B OTcachBatoMel TpyGe, To uEaHaAer AO. HouuNTeABHO® MOHIDKeHHe anes 0A paGo- HUM Koslecom TypOmHE. Stor ciioco6 sxexwan necema sdpexmuser, 40 OGAanaet Tem HeTocTaTKOM, HTO OTBEpeTiIA SHKEK- TopHBIx raxcpeli Napyuraior npaanabsiyio pa6o- TY orcachisatomer rpyObr H cHMKaiOT ee K. Mh. Je B Yemonlinx GessimcKuioxnoh sxcnayarauin Typ. Gunes. Kpome rore, Kax noxasaa omuin aasopa. Topi raxpomauman JITIH, Bo upena nponyena DHEKTHPYIOMLHX PacxorOB HaGslonaeTeR y.tbea- ua MoTOKA sa paGowHM Ko.tecoM, mMpiino.piltad K Hecrauuonapuolt paGote typOntist. Tipuuetenne paccwerpusaeworo cnoco6a _rpedyer cnewmansuux yerpoicts w apyrix Mepoapinrah, Cocoa ‘impaouunx soseranonnemie obusHON popMet money Hanpanaenuaix ua yerpaitexne nyascaun Gerona be paGok smn Konecom. 3. Sxexropuite raxepen pasmemenst » wae- cupe MoABOANOM wacTH siaman crazmtin, NOM ehh. Paabuoll typ6mmol Kamepol. Orn’ ora & oGeux cropon nepraxaasuiii KoMecKnil ma PNGOK OTeacwBaOMKel TpyGw u DUBoIAT Roxy 2B wuKiuit Over, Han ee BEIXOTHHM codeHey Stor ctiocos sxe mpimexen tia HosnciOip. exo, Kaxoncxoi n Bomxexoi TIC Kax styatunth, DuOpaHKE nyTeM cpanueuia eckodbKHX na, PHAHTOB sxKeKTHPy:OUlHX Yetpoticrs, 4. Sokexroppi HaXodaTca Han cnupanbuol ‘TYp- GHEHOH Kamepok u mpexctapasion coGok warep. une Wa cuhoxnte ranepen. Onn oxparuinaoe Typ6unneie Kanepes u orcacwaaouue rpy6e [fa.2 ulaxty typOimiet H peBoAAT Boay s HExKAH 6ued Thy SBMOAMBIM ceventtem orcacbinaiouelt TpyOu To sherry omexiuin atu Bogoc6pocs mpunep- Fo Pasiosnaur BoaocOpocam, pacemorpentiniat BM. 3, Ho MpyMexeHve HX BEoMBaer KOHeTpYK- THBREE H SKCIMIYaTaIOMMNe Yeroxies, 5. Saanne ruaposextpoctanumn — netpoeNo 8 Tel0 BoLOCAMDHOI AOTHL, MpHveM BOAOCARE Han Tonepxiocts nocuestell Kouuaetes yeryitom HOA BBIXOAHMH OTsepeTiIAMM OTeacbibaoULiNe 2Y6. Tipu yaaHo noxo6paittoi suicore yeryiia 3TOT CNOCOG Moxer AaTb XOPOMHH SxKexILioNitad adiexr. Outenky sxxeKuHoHHOre sddexra npoussoaer, Oupereis yseamvente uanopa, a m0 HeMy —-H yeequiente’ Momocr ranposaextpocraititin Veeanvenne. wamopa xapaireps Ca oraomenuem AH/Ho, rae AHHH. —ho — pastiocrs mbesoMerpuueckax yposucii, 3a- MepeHHSIX B cTBOpe BEIXOIa H3 oTcacuBaicUIel tpyOH (cex. IT pe, 2-27) npu padoraounx ‘@KERTOPHEX Fastepesnx m npu nportycke cOpociiuix Pacxog0n B unk Che ToMMMO aganua crari- tau, Ho— saxoakosiii xanop, xoropstii_noay BaeTca Mp paboraoumix TypOHHax, Ho saxpurEX SKEKTOPHEIX Taslepeax, 7. @. pit cOpoce tlanonka 1 TomuMo cranuyy, B sasoparopiu raspowaiui To exeme puc. 2.27 E JIT Guru nponererss etwas NoaeaK GaoKa ty >6nithe YOUN ROAM B eTROPE BAxOIa Ha OrcacuDalOULGH Thee BeeacroKe nponyoxa soxw wepes posocOpoe Gere BOM HepaGoratoueh typGune (Om <0), vex ipi pater Wiel, Verauosseno rake, roc yaeauennen eooree, TyBGHE oto HoWKxeHNE ypoBta cheppa youonet ee Io Heswonbico yeeaususaeren. Obwnenseten avo, Peat Boh eTPYSTYON NovoKa, Buxoaimero ha TpyOne foes OSpasom, onwiTes noxasaan, TO ain npaBilnceok cee sbbexra exer ueoOxoAIND TypOHtmiae, roe ee AODATS coBMECTHO © TypOHHO Suepreraueckua obhext axe UH oueiABaIOT orKouenitest AN/No, rae Ny MOMINOCTD, passuBaemad TypOuMO B Magoo, pH Hanope Ho, a AN=N,—No— yneanaeune ari MoulHocTH Guarotaps| nossmtetto ei. ctayromero uanopa 1a AM Benexctane sexu, Sherr sxexunt sasuesr or cxem aKexrie Pyloulix yerpoiicrs, or coorHomestin Moxy pac. XoaMH BOAR, Mponyekaeweinsr uepes TyDO My uepes sukexTpyioue yerpoiicrpa, or Myanin CoA B HIDKHEM Grete it of pexumma pa6orm Typ Gunes. Bentiy croxxocr: haxvopos, watson ta DOmIMHHY serra sxexin, Hanemsbe sasite NOW OTE sromyYeHs TOKO Ha OctIOBe OKetIeDIS NewTa, BENOINEHHOTO ¢ coGaOAeHHeM moqobiIy t SeabTeBAeMol MoeaH HatypHLM yeroBHaa TIpM RTM TPeGoDaIHe o cob.soeHHH réomenpituccKtrs H KinleMariseckoro noz06us HaTypHEIM yenosnmg Bucora orcacweanus u Kasurayua _ a 2.97, Cxewa” onpereaenna” Bausiiis 'sxeKTupYIouUNx YeTpoHiCT Ha Hanop TypCKK Puc, 297, Cxena” onpeaeaent ws crn orgpunix, nogocdpoentne raaepess, nanope J S12 4 w pacxoge vepes axeKTOp! omuoene Ko Bee MONE, B TOM Hee TOA noxy Boab, K SJeweHTaM porouwtol! Nac *Y- Guxwt, K SaKeKTOPHLIM ycTpoiicTzaM, a Tak < WIDKHEMY Obey. _ . wOneprenmecxitit acbexr sKeKuH, Honyven: HB Ha MOAeMH, CleLyeT YTONHHTD a ee . it, (He =Macll eu yenopnii, yHHTEBaR BAL eae c Sunt. Tax storo 1102 Ha BesmMMHy K. 11. 2. TYD sror - syloren YHMBepcasbHOll XapaxtepHcTHKO!t 7yp6a, ubI, TepecuHTaHHOit To LaHHBIM HCTAITAHHA aH, Kak ykasao B § 1-5. ne 7 fim asaoro sein uanope 1 pono rt mete Hauopa mpl pasansnerx uti” onpeneasior ybea appro npiiueenmunx pacxonax Typ6Hus 1 CTpOAT KpRBY a I me fence nol TypOuns! D, a ee sucza oGopoton n onpexea: tipnvexeuttoe were. o60poTO) yn, "VA Nasbuaa” wousocrs. TYpOuits uph pacore Ges »: N= ohQ{ DEH, (Qi) Aas waligenworo Havens Tio x pao aH Qi Moxkwo uwaiira 4H m pesuunny Hanopa, RedcTByOMero: apa smexruposanuu: =H + 4H. . » Jian storo wanopa H, Haxoanr, auaaoruao menu ayutewy, Honoe suavemne n{ u cooTuercTeyomwe exy a 4 7) Ha aunHn OrpaHndesns, 2 3aTeM BLITHCAMOT MOL: oct pn pa6ore sqeKTopo8 WN, “en Tenggh oxo eueanrnprpsiemne, Wout saarosupe mec BN Ny Rye ornoenes sueprenevecend aber omertion SA/Ny: nadogaropm raqpovetunt di Saseue 2xerune 6uzo neenenonao Ka Modett Bozaexol 9G; me Soa Wa tesow odoporos, m= 882 wnuyry. Tips pabore ry ponte © pacnonon Qy 716. ae/cex, H 23Qqy anepenacecad et? coeasna AN/K = 4.8%, TeX Me WCXOANX YeaonNnX, HO NPR Tanope H oa I tr pacxone Qymr | 4CQjy. SHEpTED cul tpt cocraan AN/W = 12,7% 2 5 paGore Typ6int Gommiioe sravere mucer xapirauus, Tipit xasrauim chiokaeren x. 1. 2 XM mponyexitan cnoco6ifocr» Koaeea; naeHe Rae svrant conpopoxcaacrea xapaKepiin spesKO%, uyoait ot peskintt yRapanei; nanietor paapy: saan pena B Goawinx rypGmiax YaeDS aetatelt TypOHHbI. a re Kaswraiiir H¥orna BusLBaIoT coTpsceHte Gyixanesa m aaanim eran, KaK QF HAG asocb, HampHMep, Ha CTapBIx arperé T9C. , noon nraiita npeAcTanaer 06010 exoroe outeoKoe mauterite, woTopoe Ao wacTORIeTO APE” Senn ente nezocravo%o wayeno, OxaKo en Ayer coars yeranonsennsn, 390 B ABIEAH Xo- SEE a patroopeanoro seh suiaesentie 13 BOs 12] zon it a vine MYSWPbKOR, AIH KABEPH, APY bina eMoUoere TyPOHAHOFD RoTOND, iy D> sTopaix, KoruteicAo coreproiioro YEaaaq i mapo-rasoatix KaBeps, ROTAa om, GyAyuH cHece: hia norosoM, nosadaior 5 30KY, nowsunesHore rest [pa MrviogeHHoit KoHAexcaint napa Se ee ern inn pee rer eben Baia Bosajx. B.Mecrax Stocpusnnin mpotecca "KaDWraigit noRATUeHe janiewsn nore MeApannneckts 2a70B gocraracr siuiTenbuoR = seausnnnst. “pod. T. @ermnrep! npoussen mpuOavaxenibe Pp . Beicora orcacbipahua W KaBMTalHs 1 0p Th Gerraurep. Hecaexosatze kannraui ® xop- sna yponuans ry poonscocax n nponeasepax. CSOD PFpapasanncente npoGseus, 1020.54 Typ6unne kanepo u orcacusaouue *py6e TH MOBKIMEHHS aBJeHHA B ueUTPe KaBepHET B MO- MeuT ce sicHeSHIOBeHHA M MpuuleA K BuEBORy, YTO MpH HanGosee HeBBITOAUBIX npeAMOTOReAUAX Be- awn ToueuHoro NoBBUIeHA ape» WeNT- pe KapepHti cocrasaset oxoso 1500 ar, Cpeaiue SHAE AABneNTs, HeOMHOKPATHO moAyyeHMe pH ToMoMM MbesoKBapueBoro AaTHHKa, mMoMe- Menuoro 8 oGsacTh KaBHTaMH, AocTHITaIOT He cKOABKHX core arMoctpep. S10 NOKasbiBAeT, YTO BBUleyKasaMlble TeopeTiHeckHe pacieTEi TOYSYHO- TO MOBBINeHA AABAeHHA ZOCTATOUHO MpaBlici4O onpeneasior MOpsOK Rea, Tip kousewcauna napa uuynpa Kasepin He TOMDKO PaSBUBAIOTCA OTPOMHBIE LaBAeHHT, HO sHauite/bHO ToBbilllaeT¢a Temmeparypa. Bact Mponegetiit onbiry, Mp KoTOpHxX Ty TeMnepa- TyPY onperenaan no scmMMUKe NecMa4apaeNbix BOPMBYATLIX TOPOMKOB; OHa OKasaTach paano +230" C. Tipu cxatan xaBirranuonioro MY3uipb- ka HaOmonaiores Take aAeKTpUYeCKHE BTeMIIA, BHISbISalOMyHe ero cBeYeHHe. Ito cBeyenue oGpsC- HsleTes snekTpHtecKHM paspazoM, KoTOpsIfi npO- HCXOUT B KaBHTANHOHKO NovOcTH Mpa ee O6pa- s0panKH, Tpomannne xapsenus, BosHuKarouute B Mo: MeHT sazepuleMia KaBiTaIWOHorO THADABALNe- ckoro yaapa m nocaeaywouero pacumpeniu napo- Bosiyiof cMecH KaBepHLY, RBIabBaIoT ynpyrHe KoseOawus coveRHMX WacTM %KNIKOCTH ¢ YacTO- Toll sByxoBnx KoseGanifi. Stu BuOpauu, mepe- Aabarch MeTaIy, BEISHBAIOT GLIcTpoe paspyule- ile ero mloBepxHocTH, ocoGentto Gonilioe, ecaH Meranst oradaeres xpynkocroio. Taaniie’noan- PoBaHHBIe NoBepxHOcTH, oTparKad KOsIeGaritA, Me- Hee Moxwepraiores KaBHTALONNOMY paspyIleHio (spos). Heponasie mosepxnocty 3 snaquresy- Holi Mepe nomioutaior siepritio ynpyrux Ko-teGa- nuit, a NoToMy wHTeHcHBHO paspyulalores. TaKHM oGpasom, eel Nosepxnoct Havata paspyimarsca, TO, MpuoGperan meaKoryOuaty1o crpysTypy, O88 MpoxowKaer paspyilatees ¢ Bospactaioulel eKo- pOcTso, Paspyuienmo Merasa HecoMHeHio ctioco6- cTpyeT, ROMHMO MeXalmuecKoro, TaKKe H_XUMEYE- cKoe xeficraue Kazuranun. Tocnennee o6ye.t0n- Beto Tem, WTO KICIOPOR BOSRYXa B MOMeItT ero BBVIeHeHUA 3 BORK, BaaMMOrelicTByA ¢ TapOM, Tas0M H TBepALM MeTAiLIOM B ycsoBANX GHICTPCTO B peskoro fsMeHeHHA Aantexna u TewmepaTyper, oGnasaeT secbata ascoKOH xMMUNeCKOii axTHB- nocTso, Onvako raapHofl MpHuHOi paspymesmia Meradila cneayeT CulITaTb BCe “7Ke MEKAHHMeCKOe soszeiicrane BHOpaumi Ha TOBepxHocTs obTeKee- MBX Te, HAXOARMXeA B SoNe KaRHtatttit. STO NOATREPHRAeTEA TeM, WTO KaBHTAYWOMUHIEIE PAspy- WeHua GbNIM ToayueHb! Ha TAKHX XUMHYeCKH CTOHRKHX MaTepHanax, KaK CTeKO, araT 1 30J10TO. OGsrHo OGaacTAMH BosHKHOREHUR KABHTA- [fae Puc. 228, K onpeaeaeumo paspexenua ua aonactm padovero xoseca TypGnuet WWM ABAMOTCA NOBEpxHOCTH y BLIXOAULIX KpOMOK stomacteit paGouero Kosteca ¢ THIABHO‘, HeDAGoeR 4X cTOpOHBI, a TaKKe GOA paguatbHo-oceaux Kosec 4 Kamepa pa6overo Kosleca OCeBbIX TyPOUR B s01e, GaNsKol K BEIXOAHEM KpowKan. [pH ChabHOM paasxTin KaBHTaMin oxBaTuIBaeT BCIO o6.a1acTb paGouero Koaeca HB ONeHS KOporKut cpox paspymaet ero u oxpyskaloutite ero eTa.tH, Kapurauwonnpe paspywenns, Hocautie nuTeR- cunt Xapaxtep, asamiotes ocHoBHol npustaol, mpensrersyiouelt pa6ore Typ6uin B yerosnax Kapwranmi. Cosnanue Geckapnrauiouniix yeno- buii paGorit caenyer cuntate maannelinelt 3ana- veil mpu pacuere xoHeTpyuposaHuu Typ6un. Hanxyaumact xapntayuoumunn Kavectaamn oGiazaioT MoBopotHosonacTHble 4 6EIcTpOXOAHEE Pasasbio-ocesbie TypGimiBl. Sto cBasatio c TeM, uro GosbUIHe cKopocTH MpoTexanua BORE Yepes PaGouee KoweCO H 3a HHM, B 30HE OTCACHIBaHUA, BHIGMIBAIOT SHAUILTeNbHBIE MecTHBe TOWDXeHUS Ranaenns, OGuee paspexenue, moryyaiomeeca B paGo- eM Kotece, SaBvIcHT OT cTaTHecKOrO. BaKyyMa, or ckopocteit Ha Bxore H Ha BBIXORe HB OTCaCH Baloulell TpyGbl, OT MOTepb SHeprHH B oTcacbIBAlO- eli Tpy6e 1 oT MecTHBIx pasperkennit, BuIstinac- MBX KpHBHSHOM ops nonacTH pa6ouero Kone ca, @ TaKXKE ApyTIX OGTeKAeMEIX MOBepxitoctel ZLas toro, sroGst yetaxositTs yortoBuA soak | HOBeHUA KaBHTauuit, paccMoTpHM cOcTOR:IHe f10- ToKa B TOHKe x (puc, 2-28), B KOTOpol umeer MECTO MHHHM@TbHOe MaBeHHe, H, CTa/IO GHITb, Palbile scero KacTyniT KaBiTTaUs, 55 Bucora orcacwoanus u KaouTayun 926) 2 a Cocrasis ypasuenne Bepaysam aan amen rosa, npoxonauleit wepes TOKY % H TOIKY roomailent pycate. 0 f CBoGoAuyio TOBepxHOCTS BON BAIA aoe se Tonaa ypasienie Bepuyait mpuner silk: a %e Pe blyA. — (2-20) We he ne cosof novepsiastit yuKoi k, a A ect Koropaa mpespa- uelecky!0 3HEp- anop MexAy TOUKoi XM TO ya wach yslestbHol SHepruM, giaetca wa TOM 2e NYTH B Mexall TMG wepunuo, 2,—=h,—BHCOTe OTCACHBAHUA B rouxe x, a 2-2, = B—atwociepHomy 2aB- 1 qeumio Ha CBOCOAHOM MoBePXHOCTH BOA. Baxyym B Towe x Oyser pasew: (2-21) 3yecs puicora oTcacueans h, mpeacrasaseT i fh rouKe x. Uaenbi, Sof craruueckiti pakyyM & ceet nan exoskax, Buparkaio? muanneckoe paspexenue: (2-22) Torepa Hanopa h, MomeT OxiTh BupaKeHa syepes Knaspat exopocrH soast @ & 060! TOxKe moToKa H coorsercTayiomluit STO TOKE cpmunent compotussenus t: Ce: fet, CKOpOCTH BOE B TIOTOKE parnomy M3 Best C apyroi eropon nponopuionamnikt Kopi KBaA hme AUHaMHYeCKOrO BaKyyMa H jedA ero Ha Ba tuiockocre cpasiteHil roay¥HM: 1 BEAHGHHLI B BBIPAKe- Tlogctaaaaa wafigent a Ps hy (2-28) B yodoouax xunewarnueckn toxosHeix (HS0TO aabittix) pexkuMios padorst Aas jaHlwolt TYPE noi cepint sce ckopocrawe KosxpDUMHEHTI yg» eggs bey 1 KosHpdmmeNTT conporuBuenHA & HaeIO nocrosunoe sHaenue, B THX 2e YCNOBHAX Be- tinsaiayaeqsxol aieprnm A, npeobpasyenan piyexamiuecxyio 9Hepritie, Mponopmuoaayia wren 47 gesnomy Hanopy 9,Hf, cneqosaTeMbio, eH = 7 oe auasentie. rawxe HMeeT MocTosttH ; ‘Ososnadum MOCTOAURY!O Mpasy!o yacTb ypan- enum (2-23) vepes o*. Oro Gyaet cepafnuil Ko Sppinvent Kapitraruim, oOunk AXA ecex TypOHE jannofi cepa, padoraioutux B KuseMaTHMec nogoGubix pexunax: nell 4.—(Betutaa) 28 On upeactasaner coSo# orHoweHNe aNnaMH- K wamlopy. ueckoro pakyyma K TlonesHomy i Beat se = nawTeRitio apoB, HacBiula: uuwix mpoctpauicrBo mH AaNHoR TeNnepatype, TO uianaieekoe pape mente ZocTHraCT Malkcitai= toro svayewun 1 posnuKaeT Kaprranua. Cepu nuit Kosbpiudentt KapuTanua AocTHraeT KDHTH- ueckoil BeaManttel: Pn eas (2-25) al V3 storo pupaxenna MoxHO TloAyaHTD yCu10- Bue [JIA MakCHMaJIbHO gonycTuMolt Dee es cupauuin f,, mpi KoTOpO! OSecnewmpaeTeH Seck: pitraunonsan padota Typ6uHl ‘dat nerlonbayemoro Hanlopa 7,7, TAC n,— THA: ep Pata. es pananveckiit x, ml. a. TypSuntt. [ostomy ee 7 scnay se ReopocTd MoryT GHTb Npeacrapmenst 6 BHA ts aponne waco gy # day sae o=k,V 290,41, pooaat Kosmbunvent KapHranmMit a 1 ty dopuyaa mpuoSperaer BHA: cae &,—eKopocTHol Kosppuuuent, cooraeteT- Se lt em pyiouui gannoi TouKe, CKopoctHoli Ke Hanop, . a care cement ere Benuumay o=cln, mpuiusaior mp sTOM oe Sane. eps “ pawok snauewiio, TodyueHKoMy Wa KapuTallHorHOM cTeHZe sa6o; Aes, uMeioutel 70, pouty toro, Kaburauun of in Tew" Te ado. ostomy mpapnabio cantar pai d cm sa venne B opmyae (2-97): a aig 7. mpoussoants nepecuer penuunnes ¢ pH stom Heo6xo, AHO npoHaD sugll? von epecier npuseremimin pacxoron, eg Tae Cen Kospduuuett 3, no dopmyae: "PM Tho: y wt naaaytes, dopmy aon (2-27), moro onpege- tT Auta Ceca suit pa6orst Bucory pacrosoxenn ex ere * Yponitio Boab B nxtHes Goede Prete WaCsla‘ouWX Tapos Bons sann. cut oF x. rene pa aeayroutine zanna; ONPERCAMIOT ero no Tenepary; mapon, =e 0 5 10 20! 30 40 370 cepuiineili Kosdunuent ‘p AAS HEX OLWHAKOB, NoayuNM: ek Pac, 229, Bucora “orca: stbasiia Typom passa. Max citereu! aan se, Tuwaaeuoa “pasnaaeity Seevot nyo aa Bepruxadiioloxoporin HonacTHOH nypOHm ge 4H Fopuson aan syp. Onn ao 100 o ‘wraa, 17 pu oGwiuutix rexeparypax Aapnewwe Hacbutaiounx na on 0,24 a Bon, cr., ' Tecan oe cautath aga ray r possteK Tpoctat %eHHOH Ha ypooue mopa, FH Pacnto.1o- 9, 8= 10,0 « Bone cr, Ecau ; HinkHnit Haxoaurea na puicore V7 (4 Geb raapossextpocranun HAA ypopnem mops), TCH Ha peananny, Ko. Ml MPAKTHKH TouROCTEIO 00 ® TOM caysae Pn v B—F = 100— 9% npunaro onacuan "= onwouieun Karten? (puc. 228) naxonutes opr Patuanbuoocesux He ci ae siacwocrn Falpapitsiouero annapata DorHonon er yee PTHKAUeHAX nose Seu novopare MBX, TY PGHU—na oryere (puc. 22g y oneete padoxero Konees Gita yest PHSONTANbANX TyED TMOTKC saWBbiCWIER TOMKN KOs orcacuisaiomel Tpy6ur oseca) (pnc, 2-299). (H HOnactelt pacovero MOxHO TOnaraTy papnoli O6n4H0 HanGonce TouKa x y Beprukaapunx ypOuH wa ormerne 4 OGo3Hayaior uepes H, But fn von CENTS OTeAcuanim cutaczen nesoxtreas Ay iH Ypouen 3 1c te OAM Bate tee aroaTe BIDKE YKasanHbix ormetox a ULETO paspexenn, tl orpmunren. 9.26) voli (—H,), ecm yposeH® Boge Bue 9THX oT- merok. TIpH THX yeJouMax gua onpexesenna BEICOTH OTcacsiBaNA H, ¢ samacoM, peKomen- ayempm JIM3, umeem caeayiomme pacuerusie popmy sibl: 4, (= 10,0—Z—(e-de) H, (2-28) rae Ao—nonpaska x KaBHTanHoHHOMy Ko3d- cpiuuenty, sabneauaa or Hu onpeaesieman 10 rpacuky puc. 2-30, wan H, = 10,0—Y. — kell, on rae 05+ 1,1—Koshpunnent sanaca. B mpoektHoh npaxtike BMeCTO sBIcoTH OT cactiwania H, worja npuneumor ycaoBHyio (xoncrpyxTusnyio) sbicoty .H;, KoTopyio BBE UscaIHIOT Kak paccTosHHe OT ypouiA nuKUero Gheda no cepeaunul BEICOTH Hampas.taroutero annapata peptukaabitsx Typ Wa ZO oct Bala TOpHaoiTasbHBIX TYpOHH. Thai peptikanbitix paauabo-oceBbix on (2-28) TYP HH, +, rae _by—pbicoTa Hanpasamoutero annapata. ‘ax neprukansunix novoporHoxonacrasix Typ Ona H,=H,+-xD,, rae xD,—pacerosHue oF cepesuHbt BEICOTEL Ha~ npapasiOmlero anmapata fo cH noBopota siona- cteli paGouero Koueca. Dro paccrosuiie Aan TypOuN HopMambuof Kouerpykiun coctapaner or 0,46—0,41 ana Typ- Gu Comsmok GuictpoxogtocrH 0 0,38 jas TypOuH newbumell OxicrpoxoaHoctH (ext. pre, 1-4— 7), Kapnranuonnni xospbunnenr 3 sapicut or koaepuunenta Gbicrpoxoguocra TypOuusr. Hest Gombulie GeicTpoxoAHOCT TypGHiIK, Tem nue ce KaburauMOoMHbid KosppAUNeHT, MOcKoIDKY yse- aleve OBICTPOXOAHOCTH pH aKHOM Hanope conponoxaaerea ynemuienmem ckopocTH TeTe- WHA BOABL Kak Ha paGoueM Kowece, TAK HB OT- cacinaioulel Tpy6e. B wactommee npena ysensie Coserexoro Coiosa paspa6oraam reopetituecke MeTomM pac- uera TYpSHH, MOsBOAMOULHe BBIMHCAATS KaBHTa- uvomHLI Kospunuent o, OlHaKo Taki pacueT MOKET faTb YOBMETBOPHTesIbHBIe pesyJIbTATHL TOALKO Auld PAcHeTHOTO pexuna paGoTH Typ Gust HW He MOsBoAAET BBINHCAATH KABUTAQHOHHEIH KOSPauHeNT Aux NpOYRX, HepacueTHEIX, pexH- Mos pa6oTH. Bucora orcacusanua u xasurayus 57 S8ESS 8 0 20 80 40 80 00 70 80 80 100 10 10 80 10 150 0 TO Prevent nanop ly Puc. 30, SasncuMocrs nonpapxH x KasiTauHoHHoMy Kospipaunenty or Hattopa Tpyaio TaxaKe pacieTHM myTeM yeranOBHTD TOUKY X, B KOTOPOl MOXKHO O-KULATe BAaHGOMb- mero saxyyxa, [ostomy 8 npaxrake rigpoma- UlMWoeTpOeHUA KaRATaKuHONHEH KosgYpuNNeHT OueHMaOT NYTeM HensTaHiia Ha KABNTaMORHBIX crenmax Mogeei typOuH, OGnHO AHaMeTpOM D,=200-+ 500 seat, Ha KapuTanHOHHOM cTeHye HMeeTCA BO3MO%K- HoCTS MelATS BeaNGHHY BaKyyMa B aoHe TCA cutBaria 8 GoxAbUINX npestestax. [pH nposenerua KaBHTANMOWHBIX HCMBTAHHi MONeNbUBX TypOHE ReqWHHY BakyyMa YoeauunBaloT AO HacTynae- HUA KABHTANHH MPH aagaHHOM pexuMe paGorss. Coorsercrsyiounil stomy pexumy KpHTHueckHii KooppmHeHT KaBHTaNHH 5,, NOACYHTEBAIOT TO opmyste: (2-29) rae B—Capomerpuieckoe mapaenue & BOL. Cr., wgMepsemoe B MOMeHT HOnBITaNHA; h,—paspexenue 8 BaKyymHom GaKe B ‘BOLL, CT., HIMepseMoe OOBIUHO pTyT- Ma BakyyMMerpoM; H,—bwicora OF yposit BoM B aKyyMHow Gake gO Ma0cKocTH HMAKHerO KOMbUa wanpasasoulero annapara— faa pa- AuAMDHO-OCeBLIX TYPOHH H MO OCH No- Bopota sonacreii paGouero Ko.teca— ‘kJ HOBOPOTHOTONACTHBIX TYPOHH. Hayao Kanatawun xapaxtepusyeres Gosee HOM MeHee peakuM MaeHHeM K. Tl. 2. Mi TIpHBe- AeHHBIX Ace OGopoTos (rouKH k WM ky Ha pac. 2-31) ¢ yMeHbUIEHHeM BeAHAHHBE 6 HIDKC o,. Vpaptienne (2-20) noxastioaer, to mpy nenasceunerx Bu paly H pexkine paGote TyPGHKM OaND M TO Ke Bia ele kabraiuiotiors Kosdipinunelra ¢ sxenepiatenrath- Ho ower Guir 1oayveno Wx Tp Maaigx aHANeHISX Be Cor oreacuipatiin if BEICOKNX Wallopax, A TPH 6OAb- lx suicorax OFCacHNaHIR H HHOKIX HanOpaX. ‘Onwaxo mpop. Tep6ep,! ceusance ua pesyabrany 1H. Gerber, Forschung und Entwicklungstich- tung in Wasserturbinen und Speicherpumpenbau, ,Elek+ trotechnik und Maschinenbau, 1952, Heft 3.