Structure Question 1:

Figure (a) Figure (b)

Figure (a) shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the heating process of substance Y. In this
experiment, solid substance Y was heated in a water bath from room temperature until it turned
into gas. Substance Y was stirred throughout the whole experiment. The temperature of
substance Y was recorded at fixed intervals of time and the graph of temperature against time
during the heating of substance Y is shown in Figure (b) above.

Answer:

a. What is the physical state of naphthalene at the region

i. QR  : ______________________

ii. ST  : ______________________

iii. TU  : ______________________

b. What is the time when substance Y begins to melt? _________________

c. What is the boiling point of substance Y? ___________________

d. Why the temperature of M remains unchanged from time t3 to t2 even though heating
continues?

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e. Why water bath is used for heating the solid of substance Y?

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f. Give a reason why water bath is suitable in this experiment?

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g. Name 2 substance, whose boiling point can be determined by using water bath.

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h. Given that the boiling point of substance X is around 105°C. Why can’t we use water

bath to determine the boiling point of substance Y?

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i. Suggest another method which can replace water bath in this experiment.

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j. Why stirring of substance Y is required throughout the whole experiment?

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k. Compare the kinetic energy of particles of substance Y at t1 and t3.

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l. State one different in the arrangement of the particles of substance Y before t1 and after

t4.

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Structure Question 2:

The above diagram shows the apparatus used in an experiment to determine the freezing point of
liquid naphthalene. The liquid naphthalene is cooled from 100°C in a conical flask and it is
stirred continuously with a thermometer. The temperature of liquid naphthalene is recorded in
every 30 seconds. The results obtained are tabulated below:
Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
Temperature (oC) 100 93 85 78 78 78 78 60 43 25 25

Answer:

a. Draw a graph of temperature against time for the cooling of liquid naphthalene.    

b. Determine the freezing point of liquid naphthalene from the graph. _________________

c. What is the physical state of naphthalene at

i. 60s : _______________________________
ii. 120s : _______________________________
iii. 180s : _______________________________
d. Draw the particles arrangement of naphthalene at c.i. and  c.iii
c. i. c. iii.

Explain why the temperature remains constant between 3 and 6 minutes?

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e. Explain why the boiling tube is placed inside a conical flask during the cooling process.

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f. Give a reason why naphthalene needs to be stirred continuously during the process?

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g. Will the melting point of naphthalene differ if it is contaminated by other substance?

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h. Sketch a graph obtained when solid naphthalene is heated from room temperature (25°C)
to 100°C.
Structure Question 3:
Table below shows the melting and boiling points of three different substances.
Substance Melting Point Boiling Point
H -120°C -5°C
I 45°C 98°C
J 10°C 350°C

Answer:

a. What is the physical state of H, I and J at room temperature (25°C)?

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b. Which substance diffuses the fastest at room temperature? Explain your answer.

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c. Draw some diagrams to show the arrangement of particles of substance I at 40°C, 80°C
and 120°C.

At 40°C At 80°C At 120°C

What is the name of the process which atoms or molecules of a substance in liquid state
gain sufficient energy to enter the gaseous state below boiling point.

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d. Define boiling point.

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e. Sketch the graph of temperature against time for substance I when it is cooled from
120°C to room temperature.