DISCOWER sa Engineering Teaching ; & Research Equipment . aARMFIELD LIMITED, OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND EXPERIMENTS F424 SAFETY IN THE US OF EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED BY ARMFIELD INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION COMMISSIONING ROUTINE MAINTENANCE NOMENCLATURE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREeovvwwvewvwewvwvevvovewvevewvewveevvevewveoeseveove ee wvvoevs F124 Hydraulic Ram Pump SAFETY IN THE USE OF EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED BY ARMFIELD Before proceeding to operate the equipment described in this text we wish to alert you to potential hazards 20 thal they may be avoided. Although designed for safe operation, any laboratory equipment may involve processes or procedures which are potentially hazardous, The major potential hazards associated with this pacticular equipment are listed below. INJURY THROUGH MISUSE INJURY FROM ELECTRIC SHO * DAMAGE TO CLOTHING RISK OF INF ANLINE ;CTION DUE TO LACK OF CLI Accidents can be avoided provided that equipment is regularly n staff and students are made aware of potential hazards list of general safety rutes is, included in the FL Product Manual to assist staff and students in this regard. The list is not intended to be fully comprehensive but for guidance only. tained and se refer to the notes in the FI Product Manual regarding the Controt of stances Hazatdous to Health Regulations, The FI-10 Service Bench operates from a mains voltage electrical supply. The equipment is designed and manufactured in accordance with appropriate regulations relating to the use of electricity. Similarly, it is assumed that regulations applying to the operation of electrical equipment are observed by the end user. However, to give increased operator protection, Armfield Lud’ have incorporated a Residual Current Device (RCD, alternatively called an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker 'LCB) a8 an integral part of the service bench. If through misuse or accident the equipment becomes electrically dangerous, an RCD will switch off the electrical upply and reduce the severity of any electrie shock received by an operator to a level which, under aormal citcumstances, will not cause injury to that person. Check that the RCD is operating correctly by pressing the TEST button. The circuit breaker MUST trip when the button is pressed. Failure to trip means that the operator is not protected and the equipment mast be checked and repaired! by a competent electrician before itis used.1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump INTRODUCTION Fluid mechanics has developed as an analytical discipline fiom the application of the classical laws of statics, dynamics and thermodynamics, to situations in which fluids can be treated as continuous media. The particular laws involved are those of the conservation of mass, energy and momentum and in each application, these laws may be simplified in an atempt to describe quantitatively the behaviour of the fluid, The F1-10 hydraulics bench service module provides the necessary facilities 10 support a comprehensive range of hydraulic models each of which is designed 10 demonstrate a pastiowlar aspact of hydraulic theory. The model that we are concerned with for this experiment is the F1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump. The apparatus consists of a base unit incorporating two Aluid chambers, pulse and non-return valves and a supply reservoir on a stand. A full description of the apparatus is given later in these textswevowvwwuewvsvvwewveovevevevveweve seve sow vevedyi F124 Hydraulic Ram Pump DESCRIPTION ‘The Hydraulic Ram Pump (1) is designed to be positioned in the flow channel in the top of the hydraulics bench, with the header tank (11) placed in the ridges at the side of the channel : Water is taken from the hydraulies bench into the header tank via the intet diffuser (12) and front the tank to the pump body using the fall pipe (8). An overftow (13) ensures that the infet head remains constant. ‘The ram pump body (1) contaitis an inet (3), the pulse valve (4) and the non-return delivery valve (5). An air vessel (2) above this delivery vaive dampens the pressure fluctuations produced by the pulse valve.F1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump The pulse valve may be loaded with addiional masses placed on the weight platform (6) attached to the valve in order to change the pressure required to close!the valve. ‘The Frequency of the valve may also be varied using the adjustable collar (7). The output from the hydraulic ram is taken by a flexible pipe (9) to a siphon breaker (15) located at the top of the support stand (10). Another flexible tube (16) takes the output flow back to the hydraulics bench. The height of the inlet header tank can be adjusted by loosening the two clamps (14) and sliding the tank up or down the support stand. Similarly, the outlet head can be varied by moving the siphon breaker using the clamp (17)F1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump COMMISSIONING The apparatus is supplied ready for Hydraulics Bench as follows:- se and only requires connectidn to the F1-10 Carefully remove the components from the cardboard packaging. Retain the packaging for future use. Place the supply reservoir stand in the ridges at the edge of the moulded clianmet in the bench top. Place the body of the hydraulic ram (incorporating the pulse valve) in the moulded channel Connect the flexible tube from the inlet on the reservoir to the outlet fitting in the bed of the moulded channel. Place the free end of the flexible tube from the overflow on de reservoir through the overflow in the side of the volumetric tank (water overllowing from the constant head arrangement should return directly to the sump and not into the volumetric tank). Connect the flexible tube from the inlet of the hydraulic ram to the outlet of the reservoir (the fall pipe). Place the free end of the discharge lube (attached to the top of the delivery pipe which is supported by an adjustable height stand on the hydraulic ram) inside the volumetric tank. Close the bench flow control valve, switch on the service pump, then open the bench flow control valve. Adjust the flow until a constant head is maintained in the reservoir. When the fall pipe is fully primed the pulse valve will operate. Ensure that there is a distance of at least 400mm between! the height of the constant head tank and the top of the delivery pipe. Position the adjusting collars half way up the threaded shaft on the pulse valve assembly. Place a 100 gram weight onto the platform of the weight support rod IP the pulse valve docs not operate, move the adjusting collars up or down slightly and gently tap the top of the od. ‘The F1-24 Hydraulic Ram apparatus is ready for use,1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Little maintenance is required but itis important to drain all water from the body of the hydraulic ram, the constant head reservoir and associated pipework whet not in use. een Tea TET aE ea eee ease STwwe wvevvuwvse ’ eseevewvvuvvedwvosedvevedddwo www 1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pursp NOMENCLATURE Column Heading Load on Pulse Valve Inlet Head Outlet Head Inlet Volume Collected Time to Collect, Inlet Flowrate Outlet Volume Collected Delivery Flowrate Pumping Efficiency Head Amplification Factor Units m ms wv mi/s Nom. by hy vi tb HAF ‘Type Input Input Input Input Input Calculated Input Input Calculated Calculated Calculated Deseription ‘The mass placed on the pelse valve, to alter its operating characteristics, measured in Height of supply reservoir, from your own me: The inlet head is measured in metres, Height of outlet pipe siphon breaker, from your own measurements. The output head is measured in metres. ‘The total volume of water supplied to the pump, collected in the volumetric tank over a timed period. The volume is measured in litre cubic metres for calculations (divide by 1000). Time taken to collect the water in the hydraulics bench Volume of outlet water collected in a measuring, cylinder over a timed period. ‘The outlet volume is measured ml. Convert to cubic metres for calculations (divide by 1,000,000). Time taken to collect the water in the measuring, cylinder. 100%11-24 Hiydnautie Ram Pump EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Objective ‘To demonstrate the operating principles af the hydraulic ram Theory The hydraulic ram utilises the momentum of a relatively large flow under & small head to raise a smaller quantity of water against a larger head. Water from the supply seservoir is led through the fall pipe into the chamber in the base anil at low velocities can flow freely to waste through the pulse valve, armed to open downwards by its ‘own weight. When the flow reaches sulicient velocity, the pulse valve is lifted sharply against its seal and the momentum of the moving water column is suddenly arrested. This causes an instant pressure rise in the chamber, forcing open the delivery valve and driving water up the delivery pipe until equilibrium is restored. The delivery valve closes with the cessation of upward flow and the pulse valve falls again to the open position, allowing the cycle to repeat, The air vessel on the delivery valve prevents damage by shock and helps to smooth the output flow. The energy supplied by the supply flow and the enengy delivered to the output can be defined as: EB, =Qgh, E,=Qugh, where Q) is the supply flow rate (Vi/t,) and Qs is the delivery flow rate (V2/t2). The hydraulic ram’s efficiency can be expressed as: = Qh 22 100% By Qyehy Which on substituting in for Qi and Q becomes: ‘The Head Aniplification Factor (HAF) can be defined as hy HAB= 22 hy ‘The HAF can reach values as great as 50 times for conventional rams. By use of compound devices, pumping may be achieved to almost any height.sovsvsovuvvewvowuvvwwvwewvwvowvwvewvsvevewvuwvwewwvwwy * F1-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump, Equipment In order to complete the demonstration we need a number of pieces of equipment. . The F1-10 Hydraulics Bench which allows us to measure flow by timed volume collection. . The F1-24 Hydraulic Ram Apparatus, + Asstopwateh to allow us to determine the flow rate of water (not supplied) © Arle to measure the head heights from a datum (not supplied), Equipment Set Up Connect the reservoir of the apparatus to the bench supply using the quick release connector. Position the overflow pipe into the volumetric tank overflow. Place the pump body assembly into the flow channel in the top of the hydraulics bench. Connect the fall pipe to the pump body, Close the bench control valve, switch on the pump, and open the control valve. Adjust the flow until a constant head is maintained in the reservoir. When the fall pipe is fully primed the pump is ready. Ensure that there is a distance of at least 400mm between the height of the constant hhead tank and the top of the delivery pipe.PL-24 Hydraulic Ram Pump, | Pull the pulse valve shaft upwards to close the valve, Position the adjusting collars (3) approximately half way up the threaded shalt Place a 100g weight onto the platforin (2) of the weight support rod. The valve should operate. If it does not, move the adjusting collars untit a suitable position is found. It may be necessary to initiate movement of the pulse valve manually. Procedure - Taking a Set of Results Measure the supply and output head from a fixed datum using the rule and record the value of the weights applied to the ram Measure the total flow rate of the waste water and the output from the ram using the volumetric tank. Measure the flow rate {rom the ran using the measuring cylinder. ‘The measurements should be repeated for a range of weights to produce an efficiency curve for the ram, ‘The run should then be repeated for a number of different heads to produce a family 6 of efficiency curves. [Pulse | Inlet Outlet | Head ] Inlet | Timeto] Inlet] Outlt | imeto] Outer | Pomping | Valve | Head | Head } Amp. | Volume | Collect | Volume | Volume | Collect | Volume | etficieney Load Factor | Collected Flowrate | Collected Flowrate i by Jom ) mae bv u Q, Ve & Q & | ts} {tom | im [Cy a secl_| ms) 4 10¢ THANK YOU « THANK YOU for choosing Armfield equipment for your special : engineering teaching or research requirement. 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