i é 3 =| <=pie Answer Jason: Are you going to work next weekend? Yor —— Jason: What are you going to do next weekend? eh ee Jason: Are you going to do this by yourself or somebody is going to do this with you? You: Read these sentences from the dialogue: | am not going to work this Saturday, so 1am going to be free. Maybe | will get nervous. ae WILL is basically used to talk about not based on evidence. Here are some more details: 1 le we WL for unearthing ft reins BBG Te ATRIESE Maybe | will get nervous. Do you think you will get nervous? © some words/expressions uncertainty: are used Believe, expect, hope, think, wonder, maybe, 'm afraid, perhaps, probably. Jason: What do you think you will do next vacation? Da you have plans? Write about it. You: Sunnie» Jason; What are you going to do tomorrow? Do you have plans? Write about it You: The sentences beside are in the future tense. There af Gifferent ways to express future ideas; today we wil check future WILL and future TO BE GOING TO. Each d them is used in specific situations. Observe: to express Ea: believe | will go to the 200 with you. hope Tony will go to the 200 with us. | am afraid he will not pass the test. 2+ We use WILL for polite offers, requests ond invitotins Se ‘ Offers. €.0.: Nicole: | can't find my keys. Jason: Don't worry. | will help you. Fe Request. £9: Jason: Nicole, have left my pen in your office. Will you get it for me? Nicole: Sure, | will doit Waiter: Are you ready to order, Sir? Jason: Yes, | am. | will have some spaghetti, please.Dis even more polite in requests for help.€.g.: 9% Invitation Nicole, | have left my pen in your office. Would Jason: Tony, will you come to the 200 with us? itfor me? Sure, | will do it. when we decide to do something at the time of speaking (spontaneous decisions). €. Honey, have you brought my pen? ‘Qh, | have forgotten it. | will bring it tomorrow. for promises. E. 'g0 to the gym tomorrow. | promise! with future actions that happen without the speaker's intention, a future fact, habit, an action chool will open at 8 a.m. tomorrow. The sun will rise at 7 a.m. pic Games will happen next year. My cell phone won't work where there is no sigfal. GOING 70 is basically used to refer to planned/programmed future based on present or past evidence. ‘ere some more details: GOING TO to express planned/programmed future 5 that something is a plan. It expresses the _€.9.: | am not going to work this Saturday, so | am ‘2 person has the intention to do something going to be free. future. It is not important if the plan is realistic 0 BE GOING TO to talk about predictions, when there is certainty about the event and there is out it. ‘The sky is dark. It is going to rai STRUCTURE TOBE GOING TO, MATIVE SENTENCES AO) WILL TRAVEL next weekend, ' AM GOING TO. TRAVEL _next weekend. © WL © vere © complement subject @ Toe © GONGTO @ vers © complement « Hwill = HU Contraction: Going to = gonna (informal) I © WIL NOT. TRAVEL next weekend. 1 aM. NOT 6OING TO TRAVEL, next weekend © WL @ Not | veRs © complement Subject BE @ NOT conto @ vers complement jon: WILL NOT = WON'T please.(ED we YOU TRAVEL next weekend? ARE YOU SOINGTO TRAVEL next weekend? Wit © subject @ vers @ complement Tose @ suet © cone To © vERs © complement CD Maybe Tomorrow Next .. perce The following. Itis certain/programmed/planned Definitely soon Gertainly, | think/guess/suppose/promise Isis also possible to use Present Continuous to talk E.g.: about future events. It is used to talk about | am travelling next weekend. programmed/planned future. She is having a class tonight. ea 1+ Can you imagine your life 20 years from now? Answer the questions below about what you think your life wi Cae 2 + Do you think you will live in this city 20 years from now? 'b - Do you think you will be married 20 years from now? € + Do you think you will Have your own business 20 years from now? 2+ Match the columns. The first column has a situation and the second has a spontaneous decision/offer for help This envelope is for Nicole. VU give it to her when | see her. ‘There's someone at the door. © twill call him back later. Jason called while you were having lunch. | will take you by car. Let's go. ‘There is a new restaurant close to your house, © 2 Ok. Iwill open it. People say it is great. Nice. | will call it to book a table for ne Mom, | am late for school. | can't go on foot. | Saturday.eee ne ee a an ee etna weekend? plement ‘sun / rise / tomorrow + the school / close / at 6 p.m. next Saturday bus / leave / in ten minutes d+ my soccer team / play / this weekend ee ee ee ee Ez we «> wD» is buying flour, eggs and sugar. aries is packing his bags. kids are studying hard. sky is dark, it's getting cold and it's very windy. Berea tee le) ‘television is not working. you what the problem is? (check) 2 plan for my next vacation. | to Thailand. (travel) plane is late. It before one hour: (not leave). ‘turning 18 next month. My parents promised they me a car. (give) min! _votteybatt match next Sunday. (watch) 2 sandwich for myself. Do you want something? (make) you cone for me? (make) are you getting the car key? some bread at the bakery. (buy) to London with Nicole next vacation. (travel)peRe aust ee ee ee eae 2 + Tony understends some things about cars. He C)himsett (©) him is gong to fe his car + Nicole and Jason invited Tony to go to the zoo. They are friends with ©) him ©) himsett + Does your bestfriend know (©) you C) yourself well? 4 + Jason tives by C)him ©) himsett, but after he marries Nicole, he will lve with Q)her ©) hesett + Ana is a very good teacher. She can take care of 20 little students all by (D) hersett (D) her. 2 + Read the letter and choose the correct quantifier. Dear Tony, Thanks for your emai. am happy to hear (C) some (C) ew news from you had Q)a few C)itle problems when | arived because I didn’t have () much O many information abo the place traveled with (C) many ©) much baggage andi had a hard time moving around witht tam in a small city in Tuscany now. There are ) plenty of )little beautiful places here. So() much ©) many {900d wine and food! I stit have (©) a tte ©) a few tme tet and tnere is a tot of ©) much things | want todo around hee, Miss you! xoxo Ana 3 + Use the comparative or superiative of superiority of the adjectives. a Sharks are animals in the sea. (dangerous) be Tigers are lions. (heavy) + Lions are tigers. (sociaD) d-Giraffes are animals in the world. (tal) e+ A leopard is a tiger. (fast)Ind here. brought bought thought taught drove wrote strove knew flew Grew biew speak wake freeze begin drink sing ring spoke woke sang rang ‘Some verbs have regular past form in US English, ‘and irregular form in UK English learn burn spell lose have eat make froze began drank learned \ learnt 4 burned \ burnt spelled \ spelt lost had ate madesam ele these questions. (Personal information) ly: When was your last vacation? ay: Did you travel last vacation? Where did you travel to last vacation? Antony: What did you do last vacation? You: f: Who travelled with you? ‘Antony: Who was with you? You: What did you do? Antony: How was it? You: r How was it? OW ee SIMPLE PAST TENSE oe aad did you come back from your vacation? We rented a car and we drove around some cities in Led around Europe for 15 days. Ireland. Itwas fantastic. above are in the Simple Past tense. Let's learn how to use this verb tense. +2 finished action in the past; en it is mentioned (or understood) the specific time and/or place of the past event. of Simple Past in details: ‘completed action in the past b) A series of completed actions in the past Jason and Nicole came back from vacation €.g.: We began our trip in London where Jason met my parents. We spent 5 days in London, then we chose some other great cities to visit: Paris, Dublin, Amsterdam, and Rome. In Dublin, we rented a car and we drove around some cities in Ireland.©) Habits and generalization in the past : | played with dolls when | was a little girl. | studied very much when I was at school. Structure of Simple Post There are regular and irregular verbs in Simple Past. 2) General rule: add -ed to regular verbs. €.9. work - worked correct -> corrected b) Verbs ending in CONSONANT + VOWEL + CONSONANT: double the final consonant, if itis stressed. €.9. stop > stopped swap -> swapped ‘%# If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it. €.g.: benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first ‘ not the ‘I’. travel > travelled ‘% In British English we double one -l at the end of the word. ©) one -e at the end of the word: add only -d. E.g.: love > loved save + saved 4) verbs ending in -y. ‘¥ verbs ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel: add -ed. E.g, play + played * verbs ending n'y’ preceded by @ consonant: change 'y to, then add -ed. Eq: hurry > hurried * Some verbs build their past forms in an irregular way. There are around 200 in normal use. The most ust irregular verbs are presented in appendix 1 (page 99). It’s necessary proctice to learn them. In the dialogue you could read Some: We came back yesterday, We had a good time together. We took many pictures. We spent 5 days in London, then we chose some ot We began our trip in London where Jason met my great cities to visit. parents. CE we travelled to Europe last vacation We came __ back esterday. Subject © veroin © complement Subject @ verb in complement the past the past. Regulor verbs: end in €0. Inregular verbs: check the list (on page 99)® ad not gp rusiiary @ NOT @ verb © complement eed out last weekend. © ut last weekend? Bae 9 jary @ subject © verb © complement Ea: Paes attention to verb TO BE. ee ee at home yesterday. most us | “‘at home yesterday? some oth pueda v (month, year, weekend, etc.) month, two days, etc.) ago «(Iwas at school, he was a child, etc.) , in 2004 (any specific past time) travel_to the USA last vcaton Subject © auuliary@ not @ vero @ complement 1D travel __lastvacation?: ia you Auxiiary © subject © vero © complement 10 | was not He was not She was not : : ot at home yesterday. We were not Contraction: was not: wasn't were not: weren't You were not They were not te the specific time of an action in the past there are some expressions frequently used:Vai STEW Pronunciation of regular verbs in the past il nw In context: In context: We travelled around Europe He asked me to marry him last. last vacation, month. Br. €, 'traevid/ Am. €. /'traevid/ Br. €./a'skt)_ Am. . /eeskt/ After voiced sounds (/bI,/g/,!¥/, Tal, 13), Ids), Ie, In, Inf, I, 100, I1/, etc.) the final ed sound is pronounced /d After voiceless sounds (ip/, M1, ‘si, ikl, I 91, etc.) the final ~ed is pronounced /v ee Pea oe Present Cony. Cycle Do Drive Uke Listen Meet Move Play Practice Put Run Shout Sing sit Speak Stand Start write 2 «Fill in the gaps with the verbs in parentheses in Simple Past tense. a+1(go) to a nice restaurant last night. b+ The school where | (study) when | (be) c+ They (visit) lots of interesting cities last vacation. id In context: We rented a car yesterday. Br. E./'rentid) Am. €./'rentrdl After the sounds /t/ and /d/ the final ~ed is pronounced lid young (be)at the beach every morning when she lived in Rio. @ good student when he was in high school. cole (look) at herself in the mirror before she left home. She (think) (be) adequate for the event. (drink) coffee and (eat) some toast for breakfast last morning, json (catch) the bus to go to work yesterday, ss and Jason (watch) the match when their team (win) the championship. (fl)_________in love with Nicole when he first (see) herr his friends how to speak some words in Italian after they (come) ‘a horse when she (be) a child. od at home last night. Yes, she wrote the email yesterday. didn't drive before she was eighteen years old. + the questions using Simple Post tense. did you study when you were a child? + What was the last movie you watched? When was it? ‘old were you when you started studying at d + Who did you talk to yesterday? mele aT alse fhe gaps using an object pronoun (me, you, him, it, her, us, them) or a reflexive pronoun (myself, self, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves). soccer player hurt__in the last game. called Nicole last night. She wanted to tell_ the news. ‘car is at the repair shop, right? | can give arride. when | go out. the cat is lickingLam going to buy 2 cartons of milk at the supermarket today. | think she will read 6 books this semester. Nicole and Jason are going to have little time to plan’ their wedding, 3 + Fill in the gaps using the comparative and the superlative form of the adjectives (equality, inferiority o- Ets The city of London London is the capital and sees i (populous) city of England and the United Kingdom. Itis one of (important) world's financial centres and has the fifth or sixth- (large) metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement. Despite its reputation as being a rainy city, London = =Sees (rainy) Rome (Londor precipitation: 601 mm in a year / Rome's precipitatial 834 mma year), The city is (crowded) Paris, it has almost 4 times the population the French capital.Se f \wntf ! ep Aly H