1.

Introduction
The discolored, non-vital anterior tooth is a common aesthetic interest for
many patients. It can have an intense effect on their self-respect. Discolored
non-vital teeth are frequently compromised to previous trauma, caries,
endodontic therapy, and failed restorations. Destructive invasive treatment
options are likely to weaken the residual structure of the tooth. This can
reduce the prognosis and challenge the long-term viability of the tooth,
thereby initiating further prosthetic conditions.

2. Causes of Discolored Non-Vital Teeth

A) Trauma to anterior teeth resulting in a non-vitality and tooth

discoloration:
The most common cause of discoloration in non-vital teeth is the presence
of pulpal hemorrhagic products. The discoloration seen is believed to be
due to the accumulation of the breakdown products of hemoglobin or
other haematin molecules from the pulp, and this commonly follows
trauma.
B) Darkened teeth after root canal treatment:
There are several reasons that can lead to the darkening of a tooth that has
undergone this treatment, such as: internal bleeding, medication residues or
necrotic tissue that remained inside the tooth and even the restoration itself,
when made in metallic material.
Restorative materials may contribute to the discoloration. It is known that a
number of the materials used during endodontic therapy, such as silver-
containing sealants and points, polyantibiotic pastes, eugenol, and phenolic
compounds may cause darkening and staining of the root dentine.
The migration of tin ions from amalgam restorations may also contribute to
discoloration.
Pulpal pain can be sharp, piercing, and lancinating. It is due to the stimulation
of Aδ fibers. Dull, boring, excruciating, or throbbing pain occurs if there is
the stimulation of C-fibers, The type of pulpal pain is diffuse pain and
localization of pulpal pain is difficult for the patient since pulp does not
contain proprioceptive fibers. δ

While If pain is from the periodontal ligament, the tooth will be sensitive to
percussion, chewing, and palpation. Because of the presence of proprioceptive
A-ß fibers in the periodontal ligament.

So, the localization of pain tells the origin of pain, since pulp does not contain
proprioceptive fibers; it is difficult for the patient to localize the pain unless it
involves the periodontal ligament.