1.

Artificial Neural Network :

1.1 Abstract :

In recent years, scientists have learned a great things about how the brain functions;
and they used to simulate the human intelligence in machines which are programmed to
think like humans , actually this is what we call Artificial intelligence (AI) ; and one of the
most capable AI tools for solving very complex problems that would prove impossible or
difficult by human is the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs).

1.2 Definition :

Artificial Neural Network commonly referred as “Neural Network” is  built like the
human brain , it has hundreds or thousands of artificial neurons called processing units,
which are interconnected by nodes. These processing units are made up of input and
output units. The input units receive various forms and structures of information, and
the neural network tries to learn about the information presented to produce one output
report. Just like humans need rules and guidelines to come up with a result .

1.3 The main component of Neural Network:

A neural network is a collection of “artificial neurons” with “synapses” connecting them .

The collection is organized into three main parts as it’s shown bellow :

WHERE:

The input layer : Receives the input values .

The hidden layer(s) : A set of neurons between input and output layers. There can be
single or multiple layers .
The output layer : Usually it has one neuron.

1.4 The types of Neural Network:

There are many types of ANNs that operate in different ways to achieve different
outcomes , and each type with their unique strengths ; the three most commonly used
types of ANNs are:

1. Feed Forward NN 2. Linear regression 3. Cascade forward NN.

1.5 The importance of Neural Network :

ANNs has an important role ;they are designed to learn and improve more with more
data and usage. Unlike traditional machine learning algorithms which tend to stop after
a certain point, neural networks have the ability to truly grow with more data and usage.

1.6 Applications of a neural network

ANNs are used for solving many problems such as : Forecasting and prediction.