1.

6 Definitions of Terms

The following terms are important as they provide a theoretical basis for this research. In this

section, brief and concise definitions are given. They will be further developed in Chapter II.

Discourse Analysis

Spoken and written communication form part of the discourse analysis from the study of their
structure within social appropriatikn and linguistic accuracy (Hatch 1992).

False gender-neutrality
The unavailability in the intention of gender-neutral meaning lays on the male power in
language and its application in terms such as ‘he’ and ‘man’ when trying to refer both gender
specific meanings (Moulton 1981 & Mercier 1995).

Gender

Parting from differences among what is called masculine and what is femenine, gender is
something it is carry out by humans and not something persons were born with (West and
Zimmerman 1987) gender is what we perform according to our social structures and roles
(Butler 1990).

Gender studies

Focused in what it is known as gender, this field of study functions as a tool to expand the
comprehension of culture and identity through interdisciplinary intersections such as sexuality,
race, class and ethnicity (Alam, M & Lazim, Ahmad 2011)

Maleness of language

English, as all the languages used as a tool of power, is in certain extend, is considerated as
male -if it is considered the male overview from it has been developed, sustaining women’s
obedence without visibility and enhacing male’s relationships (Spender 1985).

The ellaboration of reality has been done thorugh male supremacy in language if it is
considerated that social perspective constructs the way reality it is cathegorized (MacKinnon
1989).

Sex-marking

Since in English pronouns refer to individuals while knowing their sex, it is stablished the sex-
marking in this language (Frye 1983).
Translation

As a production and development, according to Catford (1995), translation is the

reinstatementof material origined from a text in a Source Language thorugh a textual
equivalence in a Target Language. In other hand "translation is generally used to refer to all the
process and methods used to convey the meaning of the source language in to the target
language" according to Ghazala (1995) it is “a product since it provides us with other different
cultures, to ancient societies and civilization life when the translated texts reaches us” (Yowell
and Mutfah, 1999).
References

Alam, M & Lazim, Ahmad. (2011). Gender Studies in Teacher Education: An Empirical Research.
Asian Social Science.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Cambridge University Press.

Catford, J. (1995) Linguistic Theory of Translation. London. Oxford University Press.

Frye, Marilyn, 1983, The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory, Freedom, Trumansburg,
NY: The Crossing Press.

Hatch, E. (1992) Discourse and Language Educationm Cambridge University Press

MacKinnon, Catharine A., 1989, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.

Mercier, Adèle, 1995, “A Perverse Case of the Contingent A Priori: On the Logic of
Emasculating Language (A Reply to Dawkins and Dummett)”, Philosophical Topics, 23(2): 221–
259
Moulton, J., (1978). Sex bias in language use: "Neutral" pronouns that aren't. American
Psychologist, 33(11), 1032–1036.

Spender, Dale, 1980 [1985], Man Made Language, second edition, New York: Routledge.

Yowell, A. Muftan, S. L (1999) principles of Translation. Dar Annahda Alarabiya.