MARKETING Rise eS DOWALD R. LEHMANH ‘olubia Graduate Schoo of Bases Columbia ireraty SUMIL GUPTA ‘Columbia raat Schoo of Business ‘Colma Uiversty JOEL Hl. STECKEL ‘Str Sehol of Bsiness Nw Yr erat A ronisonwester ‘imp of 60 Wa orga,CHAPTER 12 Comparing Differences in Key Variables ‘Teas tape is te fit of see det aml metals. Sic these methods sue tooord fon suisse ae unbe of “eda” apes w te we Teal howe th te pow of meg reac st pin ones a Dai mle god ei. Hace wie we cone sual a, wy eg ieee ed mae th Ss. Oe, cr ese! in ein feteen gop meth (uma eed) an inl ved ce” {hl (eg, suds cr us) orc one might te zed ia Wier pc ‘Sconumpon of» presi pet le by ron, ering apy rs 2 eee ae id tt a dese tao, ae pemaly a # ep ‘athe xn ay) w(t) ceeds els ced by eo Jnl wil eg, rn, ae copy), Tis hag wes on xing Wee: ‘ots or page ir saps Cg af he ata) ele THE NOTION OF STATISTICAL INFERENCE "Abas popue of iil ma dc scaly aml a po ‘Be eo umes be et mbes be wt be een sy Fo ump on enon might weigh 1803 pots nd wate TDI We as weil ‘2 da, ft dison()o Wee wag al) lee ‘ri min te geo ney of an main devs py ei ‘Sal Hoc, el Segui Hecen tee Hs of ec 1. anal shes ent ext he am, hye ot Seige, oe st snot ty host lew) 2 Inport sie I he moeial dleece ed mae in geal se, on he ice nora 1 Sly sion We ees een be any w bse serum! dhe os, en he dlr sel) spss nis cape, we sot sone tine 0 lise Stl, pt silence "or lpr. Cre ro sas, ne stn Ph fol at mee over 2: cng Owes Ky ais 624 oat 20 yee at it met Ob, oe ema ah eum a seal Sula Hore, se th eal oi post, We camo ye ft eral eng) pes ete say sent en 5 jen, te sound ston we arr he eng Weg in TN ek {eof Sper Lowa Mace i 1597 one he seag td on ena ‘cle, be ocd ebih tat te clone i waealy sien. Se ‘Sl sins i ta «some ns sine fo, pa see In dry if tenes we ay sgt, ne ms me il esc exes Cling ey iene, ms mar how anal. Fr emp, sme ne wha weigh fi might igh Reel at 8 14 er bg ps hue a pw 8 ro he et ih ines ae a fh If ‘hewn 19 puis opel she ld ik Sh le pdr le, hover, he al ink) a a i hee ‘Sm pa) it he eared leet a (2) a Me eey of ‘Sa gen chang in tenpe, iy and pon of ee fe brome cal # 2p dace ssl sii ‘et Gling ence gehen ti 6 esol al 2 pe Fo a oer egiing step ht fre gfe. Cayng te ight "an et, pon ae ht ny eg at hae en doe (of eae Hae il one a x weight cage fo 12 {8 LD i oe snp or si. lower, seen wee Dou 4 ws seg se) Clie 4 lace aga wes Si ‘it isle ie I 0 8 era Te poem feng sii es aig wag of ths wo conti 1. Machine ig A mse in mie fan ase ae has poe pare wins ghen lean. To vacol emai he aseoy ie mas ped tah coy. On th or bn, te mate pr tod far, sel ose eed. Bs cs sample of pts fom fe mctine, do lo 2 Bling Sse ig Te. 0 Min at Stes vss of fe poi elo i 37 peer vesicn Aw 4 reson B. Is. ‘tecnica Ce shoe ei en slag ls) 1 il etn fergie, eva ingly ee ‘eter to ot lg a eae al ete ul pos Iunceingh, mos of ie te abe ow et, te pos of meng serine ll stm In he Und Sater fact ca Type (Gene "Rape brn of room Ge dont dacs «hype (the re (us empl te pees ea hema fy, opr ea,222 Tse te tate nt ssc) We mas when pte is Wenn i sme sale fe pts hia. Su Wee ‘ute ee ad etc man he alo ae igo Tye (0) ca nd ec et be ay ee wl fen i Son fom v2 pets bal eal i: he tee ey hows mo i pti pty ene te ie xy man oe ee ee ‘ey sal ge leat ee at oe ee ‘the sense that «relationship is uncovered in te da. “ene TESTS CONCERNING ONE SAMPLE, ONE VARIABLE Coneopt = Aime fat te neageccmptn of bein aes pr th at cole fee 2 ample of 29 sues Sie hoe esse egy ge eed ine singe amie he hry Bat ry pes ey coms eA ‘edn wee a flow “Typ econo = 98 Sens: Avge arngtin = 162 ie is ea, it ems pay cru at gy ayes ad ey fer sues. Ts manga ronson nies sting mee hn he eel Paton ote snp mean wh he ania strum eat eae seca Rr cumple he aege tet consump the ame af 25h ‘ges atten 6 rate tn 162, lar whee he ent 13 bk {ie rook of 4 "ws" ileen bewen my lies ane gen pop ‘ly hee of hang tse petal ey dng neo hy Silay de samples hd en 9 lead 28, ne agi bone et ‘oa he mets fect ss, bia he sale fh hes ls fo pel ee Te ns ves wets hy ‘rose Weer «tence in mean is sit nt dnt ee hig: 1. The san of compion (i) 2 Me ame ma 4 The deg of arr comerig tow wel he ele min oss 8 tea the pps of ie a rev raps al py ee ‘wach lad ah he ese oft ate soe ed oles ie cn bait a adr a ote ‘Sump ‘say Inder curr 2: caging ewes Key Wes 625 ‘is inde cass af the ieee bree te sample men a seh Inert, sa domes eer ee Deg ob ow sic toning (rang someone bo Io ws 0d), we ssl athe aay of oo ete of te cpl sn guid 8 a ‘he dvi, nel ee ol ce, he ner tomer wet en ‘is he wellooen GE gone rely en a ss couse) sai Be ‘em hype 1, = Morac te popionpenty Beale a sad een . ‘Alig ne or inde ws st al ype coms, Sely ‘tthe ote gets by hese ites frm he i rs "ae be, The abs can be ce espe agua th ae In le nT dpe fom, Woes he fax ia ta he pops le Te! he al pti ie jt Tr ageing ns roel ae tly dios Coming ae wo flan we can Seat(s the 5 Sh Slt bela ee sec) aes ah 2 wl esi an te {et aan? no stom, Examples ‘ample A Aspe tre he er esangce eaml, we gt he wing vote Ghee on m6 a pew ‘tinker sae ws Matas an he aie i ne ou, ily sgt. Ti messi pen dat ‘ony lyr cme ae bs hn Np sesimenRT EE: a ass [ample Bow aan th spl mana oe 6, ned of 762 Gen ‘Th nx would wo be: ‘This i st sii Hae, nis a, dee «esse ett be te fa bw te salman an esd dort et 2 ae a in eng cnsmgn betwen hy lye a te yp pen ample €. Fly, sue we fa x sme mi 762 beta el sof 9. The es won uot flows Gree nea pot 12-98 164 sea ein isc, Be teas spit, Wie sy sem sug set the Ine foain enn, ce 4 il ns ae ees #4 fie dt de ama spl si (A end ray ts el th pa + Inge soups so, sale nee ieee Yves pin? Astana page wor ae wpgded pag eons 2 ps fhe pte sch we hve mt ching aot psh magn pee, ew sm dx oa fect ten 29 pct pos ma eal Ue od pur) ae Yo ea he, Ame we Gt i ot pecge rl be 298, We cu mR ‘twin ene pclae Aue eal ma z 2 ‘dia ls eb Pat Se ae OW 1: caging inns oy tes 425 ‘Ther, he di sons sgt nce ae: a= o8 = a Hower ete new pcg wl alt (wel a sally Sonu) she fhe IBS lee ded o We ee: 2 tem | a Te sea iii ering (a i, ing 2 ier om 98) na gece potaly meting rey snd espn ssl ta (Compra 762i 18 cl tf cos et he ew stage ‘Seal To owl manger nln hi Bese paca at {a enisely sie) 27 pce ce sft at MS ell dS Sic) har of ae 1 pce iene need o ek es 4 TESTS CONCERNING ONE SAMPLE, ONE PERCENTAGE Anpraach "Whe he ey wile cy, «yr eon, he pect spt {pei sony cn beep wis xan (0) lls Sele pr ~ Sd Thy a et (aa {=a ‘As ince hs inf trams erst sen aie. Te Nee i {ode cle pi fo 5, de etre sectinan Wien wis above 30 aap ec La 9 ink pity mmm Ste Tete ml hype he pra nse yes in he ypaan rp sud by the sp te sme se stu Hp p= 8. A ix a 7 we et ap ei ly a ea a =£25 _ PT TE: Hae ete (ue test 2 eS tne re) nese ieee cay sein, Sn in my ces we a aly cused ut as at exe (fl shat 5 estan thts ay eS pa ne ea flows: p 28 (He 0) ac, em she 3, we we grae 4 (e an 16) i be sy oss et be mal peas a 89 ips le samples ame A Gee Sun 9 = 20% Seep = 38 (us: Dos he ele pp lr fh a? Tbe hi wet pe The ae (ets) branes See 25> 2, ers ine spe pop ir Scan fom He Hd ange B Gis =m pane ei: ees tty eae i ge ate» <8) Sine 2> U6 thsi» cot Hy tala ne nak at he pee fate spe gap eae tan 0 geet TESTS CONCERNING TWO MEANS Concont 4a many cannes, masaenes my be ise oo ey il a wage of ‘wo feat pps (eg, ern and contol pup pat wn one, An crs gsen ten be aad hm wht te es reed esl nyt! in kms fw HT: cag ots Ky res _ 827 ‘ooroach We cna, la nko sic flows Tat abate na te eine re 5 = sarees = a erin lal ‘Then we at a oor ws ich di wih +m 2 dae of Gea The mil pte is "eae 2b fi we ing oe es). he aula Fp» comes i Frc 1 ewe do at mm 6, = 6 we Be fee an nis 2 Af we mate He spn tt 4 Be Bt (as Ig ele Peres ‘The sage of sing = i at ow gly me peti ne oe toe ely detest iferae bene oe Kft ee nt atl, "oy Pcl, however, te llc isin wien 5 an ae ‘lw ns. Rem gee faim f= 104 Ae yet128 _ HT: ete ase eines he men of ie fit poop piel ts hn to esc To 1S, ve se pte opt ee pts (mem) Ti a te ee oem a Ta" ip 21> AB Ky Hence we cat jt Hy eS spice tee wich nds ft he men ate i op et iy iim ew ante me of snd pop. (Nace dat al we le 0 pret sine lo, the etc woe be ten ly agus Wt tae eat nea ty bt enone, Soe th de an sae) The tes pose in fe pens soe sel the wo gle ee indent ‘ina cas, rie fe en tke ce ame simple Far camp ‘ues my be sand be sd fr ee aber Cone te 2 Sle 121 (tr you ay pan, ae ttt peed te ani fe poveus eto) Aim rel ht rig edu ws wo npn sls et ‘oe un at sas a tem It nese we be ‘be sme sgl pan er eto be apps er examine change Sa ‘aie setae. Sign Test nt, we can ingly chee te sumer of pov cng an a if i er ‘st Go pees I oe wee mg, ne mol ges at wel a ‘tn deen, Ths cant twp a Senos peel pon gs = 50 poet nant = Mrs = Deak (ia) fete i cr as 30, is sii pri rly ioe. Sie aly 10 Tike 121, howe, we wold have mae ue of of ol ks Sie el nd ar v7 chine f 8.9, er 1 pon HOFTERS2: Cneog Oe ay Wes 423 changes svn p= 5, ne would (ut hue) lw et the Apa of 50 pe fx a te 8st eel comin the hinges my be nko. Pa Ditferece Test The wd gp aig Sr 4 sig cng it ee if tee Ae core (a's let fom ae, The et sas es nx an Av mee 1 te expe of The 121, we ge Areagecigs = 20 Se ein cigs = 282 HaP af ea Ghee 35-3 = 2-29 =. ny = (= 208) =(i| : ‘Are 05 Jel ne can et emi pts, sce he ale ae of 19 2 Tj neal se we a sed arg Ses) Now Cat i hs ide to eye fm er of 1g pends of#90 HE fay Nee the wo aps, e tee i camgh wo as he os om spi i Ia a eS eel Te pot al ir ot Ce ated sah ined same gla cps ay be Tat eco pee ‘epoet ‘TESTS CONCERNING TWO PERCENTAGES. ‘oprah Yt sys te mea ef hey i en, 0 # poe BL comp tw esas, The rw fs bale = BB vee 0 = pecs ences ian ond ml ty a sof end ed ep pee Sing = sin dn ee a ers Tis ind is apron nm sede age same se A poe sua fe ol prc i ded by sing th estate pal S80 7 _ ase = _ 19 TR comeg ze ay Wns 63 ae = ™ a i = ® iw es, 200 + 4500 ag, (a5 | son = OT | = 5068 “fom th tee = ORES =-L77>-196 (eel, we ae expe lagi oe oft inde © 19) Ta, he a eel) lage difeeIn even rats The asa sic he eae olay of pees (fete sal Inge a 0 nse. Om mr of esl ere ag ‘aya in inept ees Sporn. ey mu) Si. Ae emt (ea egal) et alle based ome 9° fre 22 car sin tle For he pv empleo on deve Te 122. The Eogeney ‘Speed tle besos at of Te 128 Hews, we nS wise rmes Sie he 5 ol fr gilt 2 wih oe dee of fdom 3.88, we ain scl a he dierce nt iit THRE 23 ped Ba — i is oa$52 Oe se woods ‘TESTS CONCERNING SEVERAL MEANS: ANOVA 1 some sist, ipl sages we anil Fo exif geo ep: ks my be expel fur se ad Tose i fon ope te ase ‘macs a posible Fn a puts Gs hs s,s) apc be omg {nt eos rs Ti sty eomkerome. i, heheh ae ome ‘te Hay wep stn ew chan teem 1 of 29a he ah yl evo my opp cor ft i ‘deo Fr ch min esl sn ees of wos ‘et nwa a ANOVA aul of rice ‘A Gd apc sae cing sve men we dy ac ‘hepsi ni ihe pch he sts a or Howe, os ie ‘meth wo pee ANOVA, an nome eetanag ANOVA se nape ie of pected js, mt of ear il fue on ANOVAS A ‘ode wo sf ip ede exalt rth select ‘ott, proce. a pelagic. Motivation The sap fr of ANOVA des with te cs whe see aie saps, with ec sample couspndigt ie ls of Sle ootlaile Fot amp, astme I mean the ke apse 12 ser ee pik ‘a: cli srs ung ac ofthe te rs (Te 124) ning a (il of wieter he sures ere camara ie whe tasted under te de xo. Ta ean bt he sen mage by ei the senge ss ves ck cure of Fgwe 12 Aurea, clr A ee bot (A gan tht igh bead, hover, wht he lees sr ii: Wy Space Procedure A of alae i ge qe single coms of eg haber oe mas Of te een samples ae ir gale oor ei a wh he mes realy ee Api we cn sna nt HPT 12: compe ess Key aes 438 a ioune 12. Prec ‘Sn Poa Ce Fer singe ano way ANOVA wih ely wo pups de een an Be sen eal ge 122} le, to samp cely ify in ot favre fe angie Ai fm he ae or mle BT ae ire i exe 2 Bren ong he mea alse wget, Oe ess es Nejad use eae spilt lace mes btw De expe, Cie 3 io wok lam pe fhe mot an llr face vai ripe du oe rally a ere hin eA and BCs # shows 50 mach reap ths ne might wel ae he i fren in min at spas T) cg he eee of is ag inl cod be ish mate wos sie cased evil. T ena is © mee (Ee ono nga, to Sang mg Fina of menage Ui fac btvrn peo tanpe eave mee Us dierce Bee a ‘Spl mans te oval mean Fe Fue 123). Sooo wee 3 ‘Seance of say the posed etna of Sad Sy By gang ed ‘ces ad sn te ese ene, we Se bth somes sd emir ae vcs ze, be em ais (fan) is wen sed fo ges of fee, felis the P Sound ca Be cdf sista iene by comgriag Ht ‘aie nan Fb. Wien eas fo Ge we ie ge tn Ge le ae eins in mens Spit$21 Te Na Mode ue 122 ‘he Sete vere 2: Cnet tes nay Wes 435 eo eure 123 re Sage en ONE-WAY ANOVA Formulas . Mateos ce sw familiar wasn. An sine rc pp ANOVA ene deo ompues, nls oe ahs wd ‘Pacman he gsbe for doing pet aes. Nols, {iy cur soos atone ae fry eo eigen zal wd Hows, hi sin ates obey dee be rms wel fr ee-ny ANOVA, Eich obo fis a ae fore oer se) some moat (~ 8. Some of ir denne my be ae he hose of we vale, ote A Bra C) The et snaly nominee The pce fore Im ANOVA seo to price de we (r= he epee aie Ss) io Ono sect ot seo he atc of water Capen) a ‘SE mony eed ie ume fc an th Te adel at wii is fea in ee coms tf cae of ae pene aie = f ert veils) + om ses ‘he igen le sued ira sel and te independ! vale tre cose hou hy we poe (emily se), Re enemy ANOVA, ‘mod boone 5 Gey a9 tee ete dpe aif ee penne sam expand eh lel te ener) = te efit fe een = 5, dp et aan be sel$36 Wee: te oss Contr ain or ogi xn fr cx nay ANOVA wih thee sal pt ‘ges Cle 124, Ta a, the reall mes) The tain ct oe fot eel (C) 5. Say, Cd Ca Os 3, excl. Te hm he del wos, cir esc eri in ese Asan By tFe Gee Webeate, y= "ine etek Stastel Test Te sti ets lees is ud te elves ote Gand he Tet ces Be taal a inh x lesa pan os pate Bat de de ieee Hewes up met sd ie oll een (a ‘he foe “es (eh Tat oe = SP = HF ea str of ei oft inp ile.) = otto dacs depress ete eet ie 4 = re be dent iene sean nt ‘his an be etna he sa fo as “Bees” sen of sas (em: am er 2: cmp eens ey wee 4ST wii” samo gees (eri any Two asumpins ee wee 4 The aries in he put seme ae eq (7 = =.= 12. 2 The depen vale is em td ‘The hy ie in ANOVA x whee dies in mes Htc be pp lage in elton he eoseacaabiy win egg cn edge a {BR Couey, we deep at dra owe ong ‘is ink cn be mga wh te Fable wi ¢— 1 ad ne dager of fee om The clon ste fog fn see on smi ine ‘ile 125) Te ml pts tal he teen poe fave el meas ae, » THRE 5 Oy Lo ae a = Sian "Tmae 0 due ete 8 She pind$98 EE oes Manos Numerical Example Rewning apne pclae came (De 124, we hve Teal smctgaes = 5 fea - 7 (6-97 + 00-97 (1-87 + 0-97 +8 6-9 = =a $(0- 9 + (6a (6-97 «0a? 1 ‘Tretzent ematigaee = SY, 34 = ua + a8 445-97 = (=n) + 0-19? = 1m) + @-F -8F #49 =F 0h o3) 466-57 25-5 0-37 (Adena Ups um of ques «Tl sum of sue = Tees sm fest) Interpretation By ming str te frm jut cdo 9 emptor opm, ne cn ness 9 ANOVA te (ale 126) Tey oxen sO te Fo 318 Tis sats als te F csbuion vik 2,9 dees of fem. Gig the F tal, eo tata Be gins lee Fy = 28 Se 318 425, we fi (oe he al Apso egal mean rota te te page cl Tae as RO Srecn__"Testa Star HPT 12: cmp Ors ey aes 438 er wel, he tees we at sly pllcat The aon fr is sat ‘he vara tin he fe sees "vamp he ees in mee amon. ths semis Ne, eal he gecesi up Be fom Tower tin he nl euro ph an ep Casey, cree 2 til cote cme the eee ee ‘TWo.MAY ANOVA 1 gles fe ANOVA mit ir the cae whe hr 40 il ocng vale Pa eae, asne a, ia ato o uyig page cla, ve Slo caged artsy sey, Tae 127. Ts aa dep: al pos ‘ie cmb: (23 «of pcg lr md arg ey otal The fe so sales of se 2 ch of ie Ge pate wane Te posible wae ‘usa ten cad cel. Haig eyo Go Ss i comnn bey expt iy she fate, 3 dee sna Evalyn ei of he two vate i oe by ein eon wil gosta. We tle th mod dos ms Pem gel eee «ais, tee "= 18 erin oe le Wh 8 ok len ej df (han te fel ny Be hd fw ie (Mie of Seem ie DOE TT Gi Rea a Tn ng a ag sea mae sta bene Peter cor tty “Se Te ‘mgt a(40 Tc ett Cony, inet be eta tc oe pting woo mre fees i comb Tha aa epee by lig eae oe fee ep Hams, i i oe mon of suey a dey of parity fe {eo eta) comin fara of tet on ey ele ‘il, Beis sh cbs emp wt ghee a ek of eum cn (ca Ase ee (ss une ae) oben cmp of ce nih Se we i Spy teas of Sr us Fer eagle, psa com Se with an avrg yng lig a i me ine an we weal eet foe ain of «De coke an mat aera ee Pu len red mg be te fest eke a! ta tebe orig sane when ‘ede, te bie a aed berang mgt be fe bn he coe 0 el ical ering, a Te 12K. The spree be ieee tee hs pane aes isa segs com. ‘tno te vo vai at i cy te (ec) icc ‘em ht signe es ha opi vel ten ye ci by ge ‘ly noc ets eto te to air ab eg tac cs. ‘Tree tect, ew mat bet tt Senne pe ‘Statist Formulas: Unrelated Trstment Variables “he Kemal oe ANOVA wher he set iis we eed compl ice ‘he pupe bw undesud ANOVA, we rast he oa or nee ‘ao ais, Deng wield eames cused va an ene "Theft of he nce nthe tole ce wth al al ea be vel a a spol pees fen) ply spar (essen) e aa ie” tt pt al some aul ed he et WH By fin eon he anette foe ca win ain toa ANOVA, oe cn peed pl he wis abe Yow vate id ‘tn lace sl he ene fo raareine SES 5-7 a6 commie SES, Re ul «an rovoice SEF 6-1 = Bale Af a) ea ice: Bade <4 ef as ine SEF 8-4) 3 om moni " CWFIER 2: Cone Owen ny ise ee = mabrf cgi cena ele = abet cargoes ere te wie = numbed eed eel oy sant ee ‘hs pros can te viewed pti in Fgwe 124 Noice at te wii we ‘se alae bes ec na dala eco Ts course ie wists wmpie and wep, en ht ra ‘bi (on ay ose hs a me an ne ern er a {soo ay cue iin vale a as, 0 ay pe De ee Son fit fm ws eine) Th eres (te, om ha) de wpe pal cae by spy io eae” Examples ‘oey MOK wih Ho heaton, The in oa af to-ray ANOVA seme ro ics Ths, fe vac sped ino he pus Ge Tile 128) ‘Clos arin: Egat (1217) ow varies: Baton (218) esta varonee? Ege (1219) antl eu 124 ‘ee edi To estan WortPT TE: hat tae ower 2: Cen Oren aay aes 843 “oer bw w sly to oma, asia rn he age ocr sd ae sing soany emp (E127) Feel Oe suas a gs Ccmsunctsqnes = 40-87 + 48-87 +S 8F Row suet = 6105 + 6-8? Resa amesgus = 18-72 k= ‘he moon ANOVA ale en mes le 1210. ‘Tete oso efecs yal 3s me eu) is wih ¢~ 1 and n= +1 eps of ea compre ela nds ace Sey, Se ‘efor rw ees OL al Xs ae egal) s Fruih = L md =r mer Spe om and rope he ow an esl wns. He th tt fo ea ‘Sse of clam efit a Oe OS tlw compa $35 wih y= 446 Sit 595 > 446 we we! telly dt de con mews ae eI et ‘ers psa clasps inicnty erat ler St, We i a Se fone by coe 1 wah Fs Se > 52 we ce dt he ‘Sing abo stearly ics es (Po aly, we cn pect es sa ‘sey mere orl Sof 417 an we can fo? ane) Tis ising wat at clan ei ao ager ob gin. wh ine snp oy ta they meet The etc fc hi Ha Be fm ec, ch ne ft and fof he ce-noy ANOVA, ld te sa no alae sunt 2 ask he ee of pape cl SER e Re EE TABLE 20 Tey INO wih ci Sed Deed ie . Sore a Z ion 2 7 * 7 os aera) a t a ‘oay OVA wih Ios The sae dn jut anal an Ye ec fr tie pees of ier (le 1211). Teco, ow ed wa vate fom 1s ese to ove of Se trons wiut wan ems. Te eae se win ema ee 0 (123 8 (1220 emtnvaine S34 weenie SES ua) emsing wo car emg, e cele ineason vance 8 floes: ia, pies of cll na Gy) a ine 1212. ae tat foe ma sera ineettin porn sl he met wel apa) Seed, pce flog 2= ye) 543, —% the4 sp! Mee HE TA Cao sea ine ewe ineroe vane i gn by 20 +207 +207 +207 +20 4207 «8 1 clus the win carn, we cmp te air of eth abun wi ol mest Wain es = (M10 +1012? 61? $e 40-77 6-7 + 01-10 40-07 + 0-5 0-57 46-38 41-3? = Te eatiog ANOVA le shown ag Te 121. The ube vans wi ih we cise te apd Fe Fig = S18 fx he eons icon fe fad Fagg 399 fe We ow ech Tis spent aly ew ects Iie column fics sm ape be ge (@ 8 ler). Whe “ih? way itp spend co he paps of he wii wel Be ite © mers Be Spl "woes Wie! inten asa coe Pa {rh cbr and dering ce as a at ey cn be cone! pes We exh er THE TE Toy A a a ae tae en Sere fem "Wome tem CFTR camp ies ey ies 4 Manage interpretation ‘Aden ve a waly 1 put ANOVA ess tcl Schad (eg, ‘wormy terion ameng aon an pce was sncat, P= I3, p= atau, a oma ese wetles fo makes eho cae a pet co eter fers i vege Wie Sasi gue it mee ‘yan log met oof what we an eset a ‘Se engl aly ie Mare ase fae aeisng een el ps t,he ee! ot impos cpl demasng seal) ses coc de ae svete geo of wich dering acy, allo. gue po, for ean or aes suey pode Sify eae ‘lo fndrot be worh pug Ws ra Hee wei te ol be repre he bss ets bem de us eg, ileal anges of i ae via, neesoe i ied by indigent efcie metodo pig the ret The ea ks fo teat plage dessa afm Tae 1212 ae Storm Fig 25 ad 16. 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Met OTE: cng Owens Ky Wake 487 REFERENCES ‘as, Sem 186 Berne b Maan, Now Yoo: Mai i (rama, W. 0 G Ca 185 Bernas Des, 2a New Ye Ita Wy (am, PAL E171 “Ome Den of Cha grin ig Mi At ste” doa! of Corr Reo 1 See, 66 as Chats R96 Pana Coup he Ds of rine, Nw Yc . oy Ri od Wie. Sc Guta Wn ba Cums (9 Pl a gee Dep tg Rae fy Ee ome SOE i wien Cn Sea! Pash petal Dae et Heo a APPENDIX 12-8 nenmnnnees ‘SAMPLE ANOVA OUTPUT axes se went is r 7 flere i : 39 SE 1: Cops DS Hey VEwer: omg rte ay stag 461 0 Tes eosCHHPTER:2 coneog tan may ten 463