1.

The main materials from which a B-727-200 is made are:

Aluminum
Titanium
Steel
Composites
Fiberglass

2.When an aircraft designer decides to create an airplane model, he must recognize their
needs, analyze the evolution of fuel prices, environmental restrictions, weather
conditions, etc. During the design, the first conditioning factor to be worked on is safety,
therefore the design must be reliable with regard to the robustness of its structure, its
resistance to the effects of material fatigue and tolerance to external damage. Aluminum
and its alloy with an even lighter metal such as magnesium and composite materials such
as carbon fiber, it is possible to increase the size of aircraft without compromising their
weight. With this type of light and resistant materials it is possible to increase the
structural resistance of the plane and at the same time reduce its weight, its fuel
consumption is lower. Reducing weight reduces the probability of failure as doubles.

A combination of lightness, resistance and high electrical and thermal conductivity is the
property that makes aluminum and its alloys a key material for aircraft construction, and
this means that Aluminum weighs less than steel.

Also when designing an aircraft, structural fatigue tests must be taken into account since
they test the maximum loads that an airplane can take in takeoff, flight and landing, also
the fatigue tests that an aircraft wing undergoes. You can assess the damage to which it
may be exposed as possible turbolendencies or hard landings to ensure that possible
cracks do not reach a critical size.
Using the test results, manufacturers develop crack detection mechanisms to ensure that
they never jeopardize the safety of the aircraft.