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TROX - Chilled Beam Design Guide PDF
TROX - Chilled Beam Design Guide PDF
Chilled Beam
Design Guide
The content herein is a collection of information from TROX and other sources that is assumed to be correct and
current at the time of publication. Due to industry and product development, any and all of such content is subject
to change. TROX USA will in no way be held responsible for the application of this information to system design
nor will they be responsible for keeping the information up to date.
2
Introduction
Chilled beams have been employed in European HVAC There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure
sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years. 2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat
Within the past few years they have become a popular exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily
alternative to VAV systems in North America. The convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not
growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork,
their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely
their minimal space requirements. on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the
conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area
Chilled beams were originally developed to supersede passage to allow room air to get above the coil and
the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they
systems. Sensible cooling capacities of “chilled” ceilings have no provisions for supplying primary air to the
are limited by the chilled water supply temperature space, a separate source must provide space
(must be maintained above dew point to prevent ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically
condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source
total surface area available that can be „chilled‟. commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the
Obviously, this area is limited as other services space as well as controlling the space latent gains.
(lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.)
limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling
surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling
capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square
foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining
comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams
very quickly became the preferred solution in so much
as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and
most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3
times that of „chilled‟ ceilings.
18“ x 18“
Air Duct
3
Passive Chilled Beams
provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or combine resulting in a higher velocity in the occupied
provide latent cooling. space. Air discharge across the face of the beam
should be avoided as this can reduce the cooling output
Further discussion of the performance, capacities and by inhibiting the flow of warm air into the heat ex-
design considerations for each type of beam is provided changer coil.
in the following sections of this document.
Passive Chilled Beam Variations
PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS
Passive chilled beams may be located above or below
Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from the ceiling plane. When used with a suspended ceiling
the space air supply and only intended to remove sensi- system recessed beams, TROX TCB-RB, are located a
ble heat from the space. They operate most efficiently few inches above the ceiling and finished to minimize
when used in thermally stratified spaces. their visibility from below. Figure 4. illustrates such a
recessed beam application.
Figure 3. illustrates the operational principle of a pas-
sive beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise
naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion
of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the
coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop
back into the space due to its negative buoyancy
relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed
lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed
from the space via the return water circuit. About 85%
of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore
the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams
is minimal and typically ignored.
4
Active Chilled Beams
5
Active Chilled Beams
DID600 series beams are also designed to allow their integration into
standard 24 inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. Though slightly taller
than the DID620, their construction allows easy modification to
specific customer requirements.
6
Active Chilled Beams
QLCI series beams are integrated into low sidewall mounted cabinets and
to discharge conditioned air to the space in a displacement fashion. They
are most commonly used for classroom HVAC as they offer significant air
quality and acoustical advantages. In fact, they are the only available
terminal capable of maintaining classroom sound pressure levels compliant
with ANSI Standard S12.60.
7
Benefits of Chilled Beams
8
Applications
Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems 1) Brokerage trading areas
Properly designed chilled beam systems generally Trading areas consists of desks where a
result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air single trader typically has access to multiple
quality compared to all-air systems. computer terminals and monitors. This high
equipment density results in space sensible
Active chilled beams generally deliver a cooling requirements considerably higher than
constant air volume flow rate to the room. As conventional interior spaces while the ventila-
such, variations in room air motion and cold air tion and latent cooling requirements are es-
dumping that are inherent to variable volume sentially the same. Active chilled beams re-
all-air systems are minimized. move 60 to 70% of the sensible heat by
means of their water circuit, reducing the
• The constant air volume delivery of primary air ducted airflow requirement proportionally.
to the active chilled beam helps assure that
the design space ventilation rates and relative 2) Broadcast and recording studios
humidity levels are closely maintained.
Broadcast and recording studios typically
Chilled beam application criteria have high sensible heat ratios due to their
large electronic equipment and lighting loads.
Although the advantages of using chilled beams are In addition, space acoustics and room air
numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that velocity control are critical in these spaces.
should be considered when determining their suitability Passive chilled beams are silent and capable
to a specific application. Chilled beams are suitable for of removing large amounts of sensible heat,
use where the following conditions exist: enabling the use of a low velocity supply air
discharge.
• Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights
may be greater, but the beam should generally 3) Heat driven laboratory spaces
not be mounted more than 20 feet above the
floor. Designers often classify laboratories according
to their required supply airflow rate. In
• The tightness of the building envelope is laboratories that are densely populated by
adequate to prevent excessive moisture fume hoods, the make up air requirement is
transfer. Space moisture gains due to typically 12 air changes per hour or more.
occupancy and/or processes are moderate. These laboratory spaces are classified as air
driven. Laboratories whose make up air
• Space humidity levels can be consistently requirement is less than that are typically
maintained such that the space dew point considered heat driven. This category includes
temperature remains below the temperature of most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic
the chilled water supply. and forensic laboratories. The ventilation re-
quirement in these laboratories is commonly 6
• Passive beams should not be used in areas to 8 air changes per hour, however, the proc-
where considerable or widely variable air esses and equipment in the laboratory can
velocities are expected. often result in sensible heat gains that require
18 to 22 air changes with an all-air system. To
• Passive beams should only be considered make matters worse, recirculation of air
when an adequate entry and discharge area exhausted from these laboratories is not
can be assured. allowed if their activities involve the use of
gases or chemicals.
• Passive Chilled beams can not be used to
heat. Active chilled beams remove the majority (60
to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their
Applications best served by chilled beams chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates
to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the
Chilled beams are ideal for applications with high space space more efficiently conditioned, but the
sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air
and latent cooling requirements. These applications handler is substantially reduced as far less
include, but are not limited to: outdoor air is required.
9
Applications
10
Multi-Service Chilled Beams
Multi-service (or integrated) chilled beams incorporate In addition, the outer frame is often customized to pro-
other space services into the linear enclosures associ- vide a visual appeal that is consistent with the architec-
ated with the chilled beams. This allows fitting of the ture of the space in which it is mounted.
selected services to the beams within the factory and
delivery of elements that house all of these services to Multi-service chilled beams can be provided as either
the job site in a “just -in-time” fashion. Upon arrival, active or passive versions. In cases where passive
these devices are hung, attached in a linear fashion and beams are used, a separate air distribution system must
modular connections facilitate the installation of the be provided. Oftentimes this air supply utilizes the cavity
various service systems. beneath a raised access flooring system as a supply
plenum and is referred to as Underfloor Air Distribution.
Figure 12 below illustrates an active multi-service beam
and the services that can be easily integrated with it. The service fixtures provided with multi-service beams
The core of this device is a DID302 active chilled beam are usually provided by others and issued tom the fac-
which incorporates a primary air duct (and plenum) a tory for mounting and connection where possible. Upon
chilled water coil as well as inlet (perforated face) and completion, the beams are shipped to the job site for
discharge (linear slot) air passages. The outer frame of mounting and final connection.
the device is designed to provide mounting surfaces
and provisions for other services which are installed at Lighting provided with these beams may be direct, indi-
the factory prior to shipment to the job site. Some of the rect or both. In all cases, the lighting system designer
services that can be integrated include: should be consulted to assure that the beam design and
placement also provides sufficient space lighting. Fire
1. Lighting fixtures and controls protection designers should also be consulted in order
2. Speakers to assure that the placement of the beams does not
3. Occupancy sensors conflict with that of the fire sprinklers.
4. Smoke detectors
11
Multi-Service Chilled Beams
Figures 13 and 14 below illustrate passive and active Multi-service chilled beams offer numerous advantages
multi-service beam installations. over conventional service delivery systems, notably:
Note that the photograph in figure 13 includes a swirl 1. As the services are integrated into the beams in the
type diffuser mounted in the floor near the window. This factory, quality control can be much better main-
diffuser supplies conditioned air for the ventilation and tained than with field mounted services. Factory
dehumidification of the space. The beams include a mounting involves the provision of proper fixtures
linear bar grille for the room air discharge and are to do the work and facilitates difficult piping and
curved to conform to the curvature of the ceiling. Both valve connection. This also allows the final piping
direct and indirect lighting is provided. to be leak tested after the components are assem-
bled.
Figure 14 illustrates an active beam version where the 2. Factory mounting of the space services reduces
facial slots have been relocated such that they are not the amount of required trade coordination on the
visible and are integrated into the top of the beam, dis- job site.
charging supply air across the surface of the exposed 3. All of the space services mounted in the common
slab. Again lighting is both direct and indirect in the housing can be easily accessed for final connection
case of these beams. and commissioning as well as future maintenance.
4. The design of the housing involves the project ar-
The photographs in these figures do not show a ser- chitects as well as the engineering consultants and
vices corridor that runs perpendicular to the beams to- drives early coordination efforts as opposed to last
ward the interior of the space. This corridor is approxi- minute panics.
mately the depth of the beams themselves and houses 5. The above advantages can result in significant
the main ductwork, piping and other services that feed reductions in the time required to construct the
the beams. These corridors may also house the return building.
air passage in case where the slab is exposed. As a
rule of thumb, about thirty (30) linear feet of beams may The construction time reduction has made multi-service
be connected to each run leaving the service corridor. beams very popular in the Europe, especially the United
Kingdom. Cases where the building construction time
Most multi-service beams are provided for exposed slab has been reduced by 25 to 30 percent have been well
applications but other versions can be provided to inte- documented in a number of publications. Construction
grate with acoustical ceiling grids. schedule reductions of ten to fifteen percent result in
Figure 13: Passive Multi-service Beams Figure 14: Active Multi-service Beams
12
Multi-Service Chilled Beams
significant cost savings. In particular, fixed site costs Building Height Requirements
can be retired much earlier. These fixed site costs
include but are not limited to: Multi-service beams may also afford opportunities for
reduced building height and/or facilitate the retrofit of
1. Communication and utilities services buildings with limited slab spacing. The integration of
2. Sanitation services space services in the beam often eliminates the need
3. Equipment rentals for an acoustical ceiling and allows the beams to be
4. Insurance costs pendant mounted directly to the structural slab.
On a job with a two year construction schedule, these Figure 15 below illustrates the slab spacing require-
fixed costs (which contribute nothing to the value of ments of a VAV system with fan powered terminals
the project) typically amount to 12 to 14% of the value versus an exposed mounted multi-service active
of the construction itself. Terminating the project chilled beam. The ductwork in the VAV system is
sooner allows these costs to be cut proportionally. must be located such it remains below the horizontal
structural supports. It also must be supported several
The use of multi-service beams can also allow the inches above the ceiling grid to allow the installation
elimination of the acoustical ceiling system and, on of light fixtures and sprinkler systems. In order to pro-
new construction projects, may afford the use of vide a floor to ceiling height of nine (9) feet, the slab
lesser slab spacing. This may reduce the structure spacing is typically thirteen (13) feet.
costs as well or may allow more floors to be housed
within in a similar structure height (see next section). Multi-service beams which are mounted to the slab
allow the provision of a ten (10) foot distance from the
Finally, earlier completion allows the building owner to floor to the overhead slab while maintaining an 8.5
begin realizing revenue faster. The combination of foot clearance under the beams when used with a
these financial impacts typically offsets the cost differ- 10.5 foot slab spacing. This savings essentially allows
ence between the multi-service approach and that of the addition twenty percent more floors in a building
conventional HVAC and space services delivery. when multi-service beams are used instead of a VAV
system.
13
Comfort Considerations
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM DESIGN Designing for acceptable space acoustical levels
GUIDELINES The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated
by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook
The HVAC system is responsible for three important
(Applications)3 prescribes design guidance (including
tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy
recommended space acoustical levels) for various types
indoor environment:
of facilities and their use.
1) Removal of the space sensible heat gains.
2) Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
outdoor air to properly ventilate the space.
3) Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space Room and primary air design considerations
latent heat gains.
When chilled beam systems are being contemplated,
As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to the relationship between the room design conditions
assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air and the primary air requirements should be closely
supply to the space must be properly maintained to evaluated.
accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals.
As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within
In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system chilled beams is capable of considerably higher
operation, certain considerations should be factored into sensible heat removal efficiencies than does
the development of the system design and operational conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is
objectives. The following sections identify and briefly advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as
discuss such considerations that apply to the design, possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory,
selection and specification of the equipment that this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the
supplies and controls the chilled beams. space to be reduced proportionally and result in both
energy savings and reduced HVAC services space
• General design objectives. requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space
• Air-side design goals and considerations. is also the sole source of space ventilation and dehu-
• Water-side design goals and considerations. midification so consideration of these functions is im-
• Control and operational considerations. perative in the design of chilled beam systems. The
primary (conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be
The following sections discuss design decisions that sufficient to provide space humidity control, ventilation
affect the sizing and selection of the air and water and supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the
system equipment and accessories. space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow
rate must be the maximum of that needed to adequately
Designing for occupant thermal comfort accomplish all of those individual tasks.
The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal Space ventilation requirements are usually based on
comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam the number of space occupants and the floor area in
applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62-2004
Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2 provides guidance in the calculation of these
identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare
and defines environmental conditions that are likely to facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due
produce such. The Standard generally states that dur- to processes they support. Identification of the re-
ing cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb quired space ventilation rate should be the first step in
temperature should be maintained between 68 and the design process.
77˚F and the space dew point temperature should not
exceed 60.5˚F. If the space operative temperature is a
75˚F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds
to a relative humidity of 60%.
14
Airside Design Consideration
15
Airside Design Considerations
Room air distribution in passive beam applications When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an
outside window (and the room is thermally stratified),
As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to the momentum of the warm air rising along the
recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that perimeter surface will likely result in entering air
excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from temperatures 4 to 6˚F warmer than the room control
the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of
very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as the façade.
opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research
indicates that the performance of these beams can also Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a
be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and lesser heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal
discharge path is not maintained. throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of
the passive beam.
It is generally recommended that the return and dis-
charge passage of air through the ceiling perforated tile In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort,
be equal to 2 times the width of the coil, normally split passive beams should be located such that the veloci-
50-50, down the long sides of the beam. Figure 17 illus- ties of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a
trates the recommended entry and discharge area rela- general rule, the velocity at the head level of a station-
tionships for recessed passive beams mounted above a ary occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 18
ceiling tile with a 50% free area. The free area of the illustrates typical velocities directly below passive
perforated ceiling has a direct result on performance of beams as a function of the sensible cooling they
the beam., as the free are decreases, the output also provide.
decreases. The free area of the tile should not be lower
than 28%, however, no increase in output is gained
beyond 50% free area. When passive beams are
mounted very near a perimeter wall or window, the re- 70
50
passage requirements are observed.
Average local velocity
40
3 feet below passive
beam
30
Min. 0.33 x B
20
Minimum
20% Free
Area Panel 10
Separation Skirt
0
B 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
16
Airside Design Considerations
Space temperature control in passive beam systems is Active beams can be for heat in moderate climates. Hot
accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat water can either be delivered to each perimeter area
removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct supply-
to several beams within a single zone is generally ing a number of beams within the same thermal control
controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil feeing
zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree multiple chilled beams is a generally more economic
of temperature compensation for each space will be option than piping each chilled beam for heating as it
affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling may save considerable labor and piping material costs.
requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of If active chilled beams are used for heating, the follow-
the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will ing recommendations should be observed:
result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and a
lower return water temperature. • Chilled beam discharge temperatures should
be maintained within 15˚F of the room
Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its temperature.
airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied • Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and
with some type of separate heating system such as low windows should be maintained within the
level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall region indicated in figure 19.
mounted) heating panels can also be used depending
on the façade heat losses expected. Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled
beams or primary air system will require that the AHU
Thermal comfort considerations with active beams remain operational.
While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active Variable air volume operation using active beams
chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction
ratios (2 to 6 CFM of room air per CFM primary air) Although normally operated as constant air volume
result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used
than those of conventional all-air systems. As such, as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation
attention should be exercised in the beam placement to may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or
avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for
comfort. Figure 19 predicts maximum occupied zone the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be
velocities for various combinations of primary airflow found in the control section of this document.
rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph
suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable
levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE.
17
Airside Design Considerations
60 FPM
110 FPM
40 CFM/LF 90 FPM
55 FPM
100 FPM
50 FPM
80 FPM
35 CFM/LF 90 FPM
45 FPM
80 FPM
30 CFM/LF 70 FPM
40 FPM
70 FPM
35 FPM 60 FPM
25 CFM/LF
60 FPM
30 FPM 20 CFM/LF 50 FPM
50 FPM
4 6 8 10 12 14
X A
NOTES:
1. VL2 values in chart are measured 2" from wall in a heating mode. For adequate heating performance, V L2 value at mid-level height of the wall should be at
least 50 FPM.
2. VL6 values in chart are measured 6" from wall in a cooling mode. V L6 values the top of the occupied zone should be limited to about 75 FPM.
3. VH1 values in chart are measured at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of two opposing air streams (cooling mode). For opti-
mum thermal comfort, VH1 values should not exceed 50 FPM.
Figure 19: Local Velocity Predictions for TROX Active Chilled Beams
18
Water Side Design Considerations
WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS TROX USA recommends that the chilled water sup-
ply temperature for passive chilled beams is at least
Once the room air conditions have been established, 1˚F above the maximum room dew point that can be
the water side design objectives and requirements can controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or
be identified. Certain factors must be considered in above the room dew point as an operational safety
arriving at the chilled water system design. The margin. In general, most beams installed to date have
following sections discuss these. a supply temperature 1.5˚F or more above room dew
point.
Chilled water supply source
The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is
There are several possible sources of adequately at least 3˚F higher than the chilled water supply. As
conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam such, the chilled water return piping does not normally
systems. Among these are several sources discussed need to be insulated.
below:
Primary Chilled
Primary Chilled Water Return
• Return water from AHU chilled water coil Water Supply
19
Water Side Design Considerations
20
Control Strategies
21
Control Strategies
Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return
Isolation
Isolation
valve valve
2 way
on-off
control
valve
T Zone thermostat
Figure 23: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve
Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return
Isolation
valves (2)
Flow
Measurement
and Balancing
Valves 3 way
proportional
control
valve
T Zone thermostat
Figure 24: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve
Chilled Chilled
Zone thermostat T water water
supply return
3 way proportional
control valve
Isolation
Pump valves (2)
22
Control Strategies
Outdoor Air
The chilled beam output may also be controlled by Dew Point
maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating Sensor
its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate
throughout both the main and zone circuits remains
HEAT
constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is EXCHANGER
generally only used where space humidity levels are Supply Water
unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented Temperature
without compromising the space thermal conditions. Controller
Pressure
As long as the space dew point temperature can be R
Regulator
maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2˚F) range and the
chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the 2-way Chilled
Water Valve
design value, there should be no chance of condensa- (one per zone)
tion on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The beam To Chilled Beam
surfaces will never be as cold as the entering chilled Zones
water temperature. In the case of active beams, the
constant room airflow across the coil surface will also Figure 26: Chilled Water Temperature
provide a drying effect.
Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point
Some applications may, however, be subject to periods
where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to
Chilled
infiltration or other processes that may add significant water
Chilled
water
unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases, supply T Zone thermostat return
the employment of some type of condensation control Moisture Sensor
strategy may be warranted. There are several methods
Isolation
of condensation prevention control that include the Isolation
valve
valve
following (and combinations of such):
2 way
on-off
• Central monitoring and control control
valve
• Zonal monitoring with on/off control
• Zonal monitoring with modulating control
23
Installation and Commissioning
TROX offers various borders to coordinate DID series Figure 30: Integration of Active Beams into
beams with three types of acoustical ceiling grids Common Ceiling System Applications
(illustrated in figure 30):
24
Installation and Commissioning
When active beams are to be used without an adjacent connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible
ceiling surface, TROX recommends that an extended duct should not have any excess bends or radius.
outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a
Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air Water treatment
horizontally and prevent dumping.
It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in
Recessed passive chilled beams may also be the secondary water supply to the beams as there are
integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses.
usually mounted above the grid and have no direct Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each
interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation floor should be performed to assure that none of these
skirt (see figure 5) be used to separate the two air corrosive elements are present.
streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of
the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant,
pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove
without a false ceiling system. any impurities that may reside within them. Only after
this purging has occurred should the connections to the
Air and water connections coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional
information regarding system cleaning may be found in
Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where reference 6.
applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the
responsibility of the installing contractor. Chilled beams Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system
may be furnished with either NPT (threaded) male con- should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial
nections or with straight pipe ends appropriate for field growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate
soldering. While each coil is factory tested for leakage, inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol
it is important that the beams are at no time subjected 90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g.
to installation or handling that might result in bending or Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information
otherwise damaging the pipe connections in any way. regarding water treatment.
All control, balancing and shut–off valves that may be
necessary are also to be provided and installed by oth- System Commissioning
ers. Do not over tighten any threaded connections to
the beams. TROX provides each beam with vents that are used to
purge air from the water circuit. These vents are located
All chilled water supply piping should be adequately on the coil‟s intended return header. Prior to
insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated commissioning any air trapped in the pipe work should
provided the return water temperature remains above be purged from the water circuit through these vents.
the dew point of the spaces over which it passes.
A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve
Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water should be provided for each beam which will enable
connections. These hoses may employ either threaded adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam
or snap lock connectors. TROX USA offers such within the thermal zone to its design value. This is
threaded connectors as an option. These connectors illustrated in figure 24. Where five to six beams are
are 100% tested and marked with individual installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 23),
identification numbers. In the event of a failure, the there will likely be no need for such measuring devices
batch within which they were manufactured can be and balancing valves.
readily identified and preemptive remediation can be
performed without concern that all hoses on the job are The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can
subject to failure soon. The normal life of flexible hoses best be determined by measuring the static pressure
exceeds fifteen year but can be affected by (among within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the
other things) swings in their operational temperature calibration chart provided with the beam. TROX
and lack of sufficient water treatment. provides an integral pressure tap (accessible through
the face of the beam) to which a measuring gauge can
The connection of the primary air supply duct to active be connected. Do not attempt to read the total dis-
chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing charge airflow rate using a hood or any other device
contractor. This connection should include the provision that adds downstream pressure to the beam as it will
of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct reduce the amount of induction and as such give false
connected directly to the beam‟s primary air inlet. No readings.
more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to
a
25
Maintenance
There are certain operational requirements that must 1. REHVA. 2004. Chilled Beam Application
observed when chilled beam systems are employed in Guidebook.
humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is 2. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental
disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water con di tio ns for h u man oc cu pa nc y.
supply must remain suspended until the primary air ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.
supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is 3. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE Handbook-
recommended that some type of space humidity Applications.
sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew 4. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note:
point temperature has been established prior to starting design calculations.
the delivery of chilled water to the space. 5. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-
Fundamentals.
If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas, 6. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of
it is important that the space be maintained at a positive water systems. BSRIA Application Guide 8/91.
pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor 7. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable
air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that 62.1-2004.
the beams not be located near any opening doors or
windows in these areas.
Maintenance requirements
26
Passive Beam Selection
Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is 2. Specify the chilled water supply temperature.
necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that 3. Using the temperature difference between the
the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams entering air and chilled water, select a beam
be maintained at least 1˚F above the space dew point whose width and length will remove the
temperature in order to assure that condensation does required amount of sensible heat.
not occur.
4. Identify the required water flow rate and
Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F pressure loss for the selected beam.
higher than the supply water temperature.
Passive chilled beam selection examples
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations
EXAMPLE 1:
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute being used to condition an interior office space that is
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur 120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain
below this flow rate and coil performance may be 12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a
reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb
such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10 temperature of 76˚F and space RH of 50%. A thermal
feet of water. displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per
square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65˚F.
Passive chilled beam performance data
SOLUTION:
The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by
an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640
listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57˚F
of TROX TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58˚F will
beams. The available beam widths are listed in the be used.
table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6,
8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible As the displacement ventilation system being used in
cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room
per linear foot of length for various temperature environment, the beam entering air temperature (and
differentials between entering air and the entering the return air temperature leaving the space) may be
chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control
beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an temperature, or in this case 78˚F.
equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance
between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then
40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction be calculated as follows:
factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge
conditions. qVENT = 1.09 x CFMVENT x (TRETURN – TSUPPLY)
= 1.09 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 – 65)
Passive beam selection procedures = 2,040 BTUH
a
Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed
as follows:
27
Passive Beam Performance
Table 1: TCB-1 Passive Beam (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data
28
Passive Beam Performance
Table 2: TCB-2 Passive Beam (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data
29
Passive Beam Performance
* TCB-1 (1 row) beams are available in 12 inch width, but not 14 inches. TCB-2 (2 row) beams are available in 14 inch width, but not 12".
NOTES:
1. Cooling performance in tables 1 and 2 are based on 6 foot long beams with a 12" stack height (and W = 2.0 x B).
They also assume a 50% (or more free area for both the intake and discharge section (see figure
table 13).
17).
2. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the
appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.
3. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the
appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.
30
Passive Beam Selection
In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area 0.5 x B
within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired
that 12” wide beams be used. Table 1 indicates four 8 H
foot long beams with chilled water flow rates of 0.75
GPM (and a 20˚F temperature differential between the
entering air and chilled water) could remove the re-
quired sensible heat. These would be located uniformly 0.3 x B B
within the space.
31
Active Beam Selection and Location
Chilled water supply and return temperatures selected and maintained at or above the space dew
point temperature in order to assure that condensation
Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it does not occur. Return water temperatures will gener-
is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply ally be 3 to 6˚F higher than the supply water tempera-
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that ture.
the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be
NOTES:
1. Induction ratio is volumetric measure of total supply airflow rate divided by the ducted (primary) airflow rate.
2. Secondary (sensible) cooling is based on a 18˚F temperature differential between the room and the entering chilled water.
3. Total (sensible) cooling is the sum of the secondary cooling (defined in note 2) and the primary air contribution (based on a
20˚F temperature differential between the room and the entering primary air).
4. Values shown above are based on six (6) foot active beams with two slot (two way) discharge.
Table 4: Nozzle Types and Performance for TROX (2 Slot) Active Chilled Beams
32
Active Beam Selection and Location
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations Active beams used for both heating and cooling
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well as
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise. cooling. This is commonly done in climates where over-
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute head heating with all air systems is popular.
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur
below this flow rate and coil performance may be re- Heating can be accomplished in either of two ways:
duced.
Beams can be fitted to a four pipe system (using the
Chilled beams should also be selected such that their four pipe performance data) that enables the beam to
water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water. access either chilled or hot water according to the
space demand.
Air side design considerations A zone heating coil can be provided in the primary air
duct that will add the required zone heating to the pri-
Although active chilled beams remove large amounts mary air prior to its entry into the beam. A two pipe sys-
sensible heat from the room air that is circulated tem (delivering chilled water only) will then be sufficient
through them, it is very important that the designer does as the zone chilled water valve will remain closed during
not treat them as purely an air conditioning device. They periods demanding space heating.
are also an air distribution device and their proper se-
lection and placement is paramount to the maintenance The latter practice is often employed as it results in far
of thermal comfort within the space. The design of ac- less piping. With either approach, the discharge air tem-
tive chilled beam systems must not only consider the perature should not be more than 15°F above that of
sensible cooling (and or heating) capacities of the the room (per ASHRAE recommendations) if adequate
beams but also their resultant room air distribution. overhead heating performance is to be achieved. This
same recommendation is valid for all air heating as well.
Figure 19 can be used to predict local velocities for ac-
tive chilled beams. In order to prevent excessive veloci- Selecting active beams to do both heating and cooling
ties in the occupied zone, it is recommended that the of perimeter areas requires a close examination of the
beam discharge airflow rate (primary plus induced room resultant room air velocities. Figure 36 introduces two
air) not be greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot, velocities (VL2 and VL6) that aid the designer in select-
therefore 2 slot beams should not be sized for primary ing beams for this application.
airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of
beam. VL2 represents the velocity measured two (2) inches
from the outside window at the mid-level of the space.
The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be For good heating performance this value should be at
sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space. least 50 FPM during the heating mode.
The preconditioning of the primary air delivery must also
enable the primary air supply to provide adequate VL6 represents the velocity six (6) inches form the sur-
space dehumidification without assistance from the face, and is used to assess the draft risk during cooling
cooling coil within the beam. When active beams are operation. For minimal draft risk, the VL6 value should
applied in humid climates, designing for a space relative not exceed about 75 FPM.
humidity level near 55% will often result in a more effec-
tive application of the chilled beam system. This is par- A good beam selection will conform to both of the rec-
ticularly true when the dew point temperature of the ommendations cited.
primary air cannot be suppressed below about 53˚F
(see further discussion see page 15). Active beams operated in a VAV mode
Oftentimes, the cooling, ventilation and/or demands for Although they primarily deliver constant air volume (at a
areas fed by the same air handling unit vary. In such variable temperature) active beams may be operated in
cases, the designer should attempt to match the inlet a VAV mode when space cooling requirements vary
pressure requirements of those beams as closely as greatly (conference rooms, etc.). In such cases there is
possible in order to reduce the noise that can be gener- little concern over “dumping” at low discharge velocities
ated by pressure regulating dampers in the ductwork. as the cooling coil is off and the discharge air tempera-
This can often be accomplished by selecting nozzle ture is only a few degrees below that of the room being
types that will match the pressure drop to the beam served.
primary airflow rate.
33
Active Beam Performance Data
Active beam performance data Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of
a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities
Performance data for DID600 series, DID620 series, of the beam for various differentials between the room
and DID300 series active chilled beams are presented and entering chilled water temperatures.
in figures 37 through 62. Table 5 may be used as a
reference to that data. Note that this performance data Similar nomographs are provided for heating applica-
pertains only to those beams manufactured by TROX tions which assume a primary air delivery temperature
USA and is intended for the sole purpose of selecting that is 20˚F below that of the room and a hot water sup-
those products. These data may not be applicable to ply that is 50°F warmer than the induced room air.
versions offered by other TROX companies. Again the primary air ranges for the various nozzles are
limited by the air side pressure loss (less than 1” H 2O.)
TROX USA also offers electronic selection pro- and space NC (40) level. In the case of the heating no-
grams for all of these chilled beams. Contact TROX mographs, shaded areas are labeled “Primary Air Cool-
USA or your local representative for details. ing” represents the cooling effect of the primary air. The
net sensible heating values shown reflect this primary
The cooling capacity nomographs are based on beams air cooling effect.
of six (6) foot length supplied by primary air whose dry
bulb temperature is 20˚F cooler than the room being Both the cooling and heating nomographs include cor-
supplies. The chilled water is supplied at a temperature rection factors for other beam lengths. Corrections
which is 18°F above the room air being induced into the should also be made if the room to primary air tempera-
beam. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is ture differential varies from that assumed by the nomo-
presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is graphs.
limited to that which results in primary air side pressure
losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below Finally, figure 19 is used to estimate local velocities
40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation. associated with the chilled beam selection and place-
The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no ment.
chilled water contribution and represent the sensible
cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air sup- The use of these tables is illustrated in the selection
ply. examples that follow.
Hot Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils) Figure 41 Figure 41 Figure 41 Figure 41 Figure 44 Figure 44
Active beam selection examples In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required
primary airflow rate would be calculated as:
The following examples detail the selection of active
chilled beams for a call center, brokerage trading area CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)
(high sensible load) and a laboratory (high primary air = 4,400 / 4840 x (0.0098 – 0.0079)
change rates). = 478 CFM
EXAMPLE 3: The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow
rate is therefore 52.7 (25,200 BTUH/478 CFM). The
Select and locate DID302 series active chilled beams to chilled water supply temperature will be specified at
condition a large open office area in a call center. The 57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to main-
area considered is 60 feet by 30 feet and houses 22 tain it above the space dew point temperature. Refer-
occupants. The space sensible load (14 BTUH/ft² or a ring to table 4, it would appear that a DID302-US beam
total of 25,200 BTUH) is comprised as follows: with type B nozzles delivering primary air at 13 CFM per
linear foot of beam would be appropriate. Table 4 also
Occupants: 4.0 BTUH/ ft² predicts that this selection would provide 702 BTUH of
Lighting: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²) sensible cooling per linear foot of beam, so the applica-
Equipment: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ft²) tion would require 36 linear feet of beam, or six (4) six
(8) foot long beams.
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb tem-
perature and a maximum relative humidity of 53% Figure 32 illustrates the desired mounting layout for the
(corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8˚Fand beams. Figure 19 indicates that beams with an oppos-
a humidity ratio (W ROOM) of 0.0098 Lbs H2O per Lb DA). ing blow will provide very low VH1 velocities when a
The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point tem- spacing of 30 feet is maintained. The air side pressure
perature of 51˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio W PRI- loss will be 0.47 inches of H2O and an NC value of 28
MARY of 0.0079 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at are indicated by table 4. Figure 42 predicts a water side
55˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space NC pressure loss of 8.25 feet for a chilled water flow rate of
shall not exceed 35. 1.5 GPM.
SOLUTION: EXAMPLE 4:
As there are 22 occupants, the chilled beams must not Select and locate DID622 series active chilled beams to
only remove the space sensible gain, but must also condition a brokerage trading area. The area consid-
treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a ered is 40 feet by 40 feet and houses 16 traders. The
total of 5,000 BTUH) and provide proper space ventila- space sensible load (44 BTUH/ft² or a total of 81,600
tion. If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is to be BTUH) is comprised as follows:
maintained this amounts to a space ventilation rate of
330 CFM. Occupants: 5.0 BTUH/ ft²
Lighting: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²)
Equipment: 12 W/ft² (41 BTUH/ft²)
30 feet
35
Active Beam Selection Examples
SOLUTION:
The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at Figure 33: Chilled Beam Layout for
57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to main- Selection Example 4
tain it above the space dew point temperature. In order
to minimize the number of beams, DID622-HC beams
(and two pipe –HC coils) will be considered. Figure 52 Referring to figure 19, the total discharge airflow rate
summarizes the performance of a six (6) foot beam of (CFM/LF of beam) of the selection using “M” nozzles is:
this type. If “G” nozzles are to be used, an airflow rate
of 23 BTUH/LF can be employed within the acoustical CFMSUPPLY = CFMPRIMARY x Induction Ratio
constraints defined. This will result in a beam sensible = 11.5 CFM/LF x 4.8 = 55 CFM/LF
cooling capacity of about 1,275 BTUH/LF (with its maxi-
mum chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM). In this case, As the beam has 2 slots, this equates to 27.5 CFM per
we would require 64 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12) linear foot of slot. The beam spacing (A) is twelve feet
six foot units were provided, the necessary cooling so A/2 is six feet. Figure 19 indicates that, the velocities
(1,133 BTUH/LF) could be accomplished with a primary VH1 and VL6 six feet below the ceiling velocity will be
airflow rate of 20 CFM/LF and a chilled water flow rate approximately 30 and 58 FPM, respectively. These are
of 2.25 GPM. This results in a space primary airflow well within the values recommended.
requirement of 1,440 CFM.
The airside pressure loss is about 0.93 inches H2O and
Alternatively, type “M” nozzles could be employed. Fig- the NC level (27) is well within the range specified.
ure 52 indicates that these nozzles (in a six foot beam)
can provide up to 900 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling with EXAMPLE 5:
a chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM and a primary
airflow rate of 12 CFM/LF and. If these nozzles are cho- DID602 series beams are to be used for a biological
sen, we need 78 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12) laboratory module. The laboratory module is 30 by 20
eight foot units (at their maximum chilled water flow rate feet (600 ft²) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space sen-
of 2.0 GPM) are employed, the cooling requirement sible cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft² while the total space
could be satisfied at a primary airflow rate of 11.5 CFM / latent load is 2,000 BTUH. A minimum air change rate
LF, or a total primary airflow rate of 1,104 CFM. of 8 ACH-1 will be required. The velocity at the six foot
level of the occupied space should not exceed 60 FPM
In either case the NC level would be within specified while that along the wall cannot exceed 100 FPM. The
levels, while the air side pressure drop would be ap- design conditions within the laboratory are 75˚F/50%
proximately 1.0 inches H2O. RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point
temperature of 55.2˚F). The NC shall not exceed 40
If, in order to minimize the primary airflow requirement, nor shall the primary air pressure drop exceed 1.0
the latter selection were preferred, the beam layout inches H2O.
might be as shown in figure 33.
36
Active Beam Selection Examples
The primary air supply is to be delivered at 55˚F with a Figure 35 illustrates the proposed beam placement.
dew point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H 2O Referring to figure 19, the total air supply from each
per pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly beam will be 666 CFM or 40 CFM per linear foot of slot.
above the work benches in order to capture the most As A/2 is 8 feet and X is 7 feet, the value of VH1 and
sensible heat. Figure 34 illustrates the bench layout for VL6 at the six foot (H - H1 = 4 feet) level will be 56 and
the lab. 86 FPM, respectively.
37
Nomenclature and Performance Notes
X A/2
ΔT Z
TSUPPLY
H - H1
VH1
VL
ΔT H1
ΔT L
H
3.3 ft.
Figure 36: Room Air Velocity and Temperature Parameters Used in this Design
Nomenclature
VH1: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams
TH1: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams
VL2: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall
TL2: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall
VL6: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall
TL6: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall
H1: Height of occupied zone (usually considered 42” for seated occupants, 66 inches for standing occupants)
TINDUCED AIR: Dry bulb temperature of room air entering the chilled beam cooling coil
TCWS: Temperature of the chilled water entering the chilled beam transfer coil (cooling mode)
THWS: Temperature of the hot water entering the chilled beam heat transfer coil (heating mode)
Induction ratio: Ratio of discharge airflow rate (to the room) to primary (ducted) airflow rate
Net sensible heating: Beam water side heating less the cooling effect of the (cooler) primary air
tINDUCED AIR - tCWS 12°F 14°F 16°F 18°F 20°F 22°F tIHWS - tINDUCED AIR 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F 60°F 70°F
Water Side Sensible
Water Side Heating
Cooling Correction 0.67 0.78 0.89 1.0 1.11 1.22 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Factor Correction Factor
Table 6: Water Side Correction Factors for Table 7: Water Side Correction Factors for
Various Entering Air to Entering Chilled Water Various Entering Air to Entering Hot Water
Temperature Differentials Temperature Differentials
38
Water Side Pressure Loss
9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length
8.0
6.0
5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.15
4.0
2.0
1.0
9.0
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)
7.0
8 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.2
6.0
5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.35
4.0
2.0
1.0
39
Water Side Pressure Loss
10.0
9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length
8.0
6.0
5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 2.35
4.0
2.0
1.0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
9.0
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)
7.0
8 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 2.3
6.0
5.0
2.0
1.0
0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
Figure 40
35:: 4 Pipe High Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4
40
Water Side Pressure Loss
6.0
5.5
5.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
6 Foot Nominal Length
1.0
41: 4 Pipe (Std. or High Capacity) Hot Water Coils Pressure Loss
Figure 36:
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4,
DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4
41
Water Side Pressure Loss
9.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
4 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.5
2.0
9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)
8.0
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
4 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.5
Figure 38:
43: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID301-US-4 and DID302-US-4
42
Water Side Pressure Loss
6.0
5.5
5.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
10 Foot Nominal Length
2.0
8 Foot Nominal Length
1.5
1.0
0.5
6 Foot Nominal Length
43
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID601
1200
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1120
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1040 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC
960 models.
3.0
880
2.5
2.0
GPMCWS
GPMCWS 1.5
3.0 1.0
720
2.5 0.8
2.0
0.6
640 3.0
1.5
2.5
240
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Corrections for Other DID601-US-2 or DID601-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
Figure 45:
40: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-2 and DID601-HC-2
44
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID602
1600
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air GPMCWS
1500
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1400 correction factors table below.
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 3.0
GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC
1300 models. 2.5
1200 1.5
GPMCWS
1.0
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
1100 0.8
GPMCWS 3.0
2.5 0.6
1000
2.0
0.8 0.3
600 0.6
0.2
0.4
500 0.3
0.2
"C" NOZZLES
300
NC 22 25 30 35 39
Corrections for Other DID602-US-2 or DID602-HC-2 Lengths & TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
1200
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1120
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1040 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC
960 models.
3.0
880
2.5
GPMCWS
2.0
800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
GPMCWS
0.4
0.2
320 0.3
0.2
240
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
46
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID602
1600
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1500
and an 18˚F temperature differential
GPMCWS
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1400 correction factors table below.
3.0
GPMCWS 0.8
2.5
1000 0.6
2.0
1.5
900 0.4
"C" NOZZLES
300
NC 22 25 30 35 39
Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
47
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID601
1000
GPMHWS
900
GPMHWS
GPMHWS
1.5
800
1.5
1.0 1.0
1.5
700 0.8 0.8
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF
0.2
300
200
100
"A" NOZZLES
-200 25
NC 15 20
NC 22 25 30 35 39
-500 "C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
48
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID602
0.3 0.4
300 0.2
0.2 0.3
200
-100
"A" NOZZLES
-300
NC 15 20 25
-500
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
-600
NC 22 25 30 35 39
-700 "C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0
Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15
49
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID621
1120
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1040
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
960 correction factors table below.
800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
3.0
2.5
1.0
560
0.6
240
"G" NOZZLES
80
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
Corrections for Other DID621-US-2 or DID621-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97
Figure 51
46:: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-2 and DID621-HC-2
50
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID622
1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.
1100
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
3.0
900 1.0
GPMCWS
0.6
700 3.0
0.3
2.0
1.5 0.2
600
1.0
0.6
500 0.4
0.3
400 0.2
"G" NOZZLES
200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0
Corrections for Other DID622-US-2 or DID622-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97
51
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID621
1120
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1040
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
960 correction factors table below.
800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
3.0
2.0
640
GPMCWS
1.5
560 1.0
0.6
"G" NOZZLES
80
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97
52
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID622
1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.
1100
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
800 0.6
1.5
600 0.2
1.0
500 0.6
400
200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0
Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97
Figure 54
49:: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4
53
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID621
GPMHWS
750
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF
GPMHWS
650 1.5
1.0
550
WATERSIDE HEATING
350
0.4 0.3
250 0.3
0.2
0.2
150
50
-50
PRIMARY AIR
COOLING
-150 NC 15 20 25 27
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97
Figure 55
50:: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4
54
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID622
800
GPMHWS
1.5
700
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF
0.8
600
1.5
0.6 0.4
400
0.4
200 0.2
0.2
100
-100
-300 NC 15 20 25 27
-500
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"G" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0
Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97
Figure 56
51:: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4
55
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID301
750
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
700
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
650 correction factors table below.
600
GPMCWS
550
GPMCWS
1.0
450
0.8
0.6
400 1.5
0.4
1.0
GPMCWS 0.3
300
1.5 0.6
1.0 0.4
250 0.8 0.3
0.6 0.2
NC 20 25 30 35 39
100
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
50 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 150.0
Corrections for Other DID301-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07
56
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID302
1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS
1200
1.5
1000 0.8
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF
0.6
GPMCWS
900 0.4
0.3
1.5
800 1.0 0.2
700
0.8
0.6
600 1.5 0.4
1.0 0.3
0.8 0.2
500
0.6
0.4
NC 20 25 30 35 39
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
100 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0
Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07
57
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID301
750
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
700
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
650 correction factors table below.
600
550
GPMCWS
450
GPMCWS 1.5
400 1.0
0.5
350 0.3
0.5
250 0.3
1.5
1.0
NC 20 25 30 35 39
100
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
50 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07
Figure 54:
59: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4
58
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID302
1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.
1200
GPMCWS
1100
1.5
1.0
900
GPMCWS
0.8
0.6
800
1.5 0.4
1.0 0.3
300 0.2
"C" NOZZLES
NC 20 25 30 35 39
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
100 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0
Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07
Figure 60
55:: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4
59
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID301
GPMHWS
300 1.5
GPMHWS
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF
250
1.5
1.0
0.8 1.5
200 0.8
1.0
100
WATERSIDE HEATING
0.3
50
-150
-200 NC 15 20 25 30 33
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
-250
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 25 30 35 39
"C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97
Figure 61
56:: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4
60
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID302
GPMHWS GPMHWS
500 GPMHWS
1.5 1.5
400 1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF
0.6 1.5
0.4
100
WATERSIDE HEATING
-100
-300
-400
-500 NC 15 20 25 30 33
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
-600
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
NC 25 30 35 39
"C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0
Corrections for Other DID302-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet
Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92
Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97
61
Specification DID600
62
Specification DID600
vent and drain fittings. Unless otherwise lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts
specified, coil connections shall be bare copper connecting the threaded rods to the beam.
for field sweating to the water supply circuit. 3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to
Connections shall face upwards, be located near the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
the left end of the beam (when viewing into the system(s) to assure that all debris and other
primary air connection matter have been removed.
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be 4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection using sweated connection or
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose connection using flexible hoses.
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate 5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
field connection (by others). others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt. suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
2.03 Performance tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical be suitable for operation in an environment
testing shall have been performed in accordance between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
with ISO 3741. and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating water supplying the beams has been properly
capacities shall be established in accordance to treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
European Standard EN15116 for the specific 2/93.
application on the inlet side of the submitted 6. No power or direct control connections shall be
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be required for the operation of the chilled beam.
included in the submittal.
3. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply 3.03 Cleaning and Protection
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of
80 CFM per linear foot of (two slot) beam. 1. Protect units before, during and after installation.
4. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be Damaged material due to improper site protection
limited to that which results in a maximum ten shall be cause for rejection.
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through 2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS. required to restore beams to as-new appearance.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
63
Specification DID620
DID620 Series Active Chilled Beams entire visible face section shall be finished in
white powder coat paint or as specified by the
PART 1- GENERAL architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat
black.
1.01 Summary 3. Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
This section describes the active chilled applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical
beams. ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams
used for exposed mounting applications shall
1.02 Submittals include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure
a horizontal discharge of the supply air.
Submit product data for all items complete with the 4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge
following information: galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit of induction nozzles. A side (model 622-US-H) or
assemblies. top (model 622-US-V) mounted connection spigot
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent shall afford the connection of a six (6) inch
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total diameter supply air. The overall height of beams
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, shall not exceed 8⅞ inches.
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow 5. Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water that may be used to measure the pressure
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air differential between the primary air plenum and
throw values. the room. Airflow calibration charts that relate this
3. Construction details including manufacturers pressure differential reading with the primary and
recommendations for installation, mounting and beam supply airflow rates shall be furnished with
connection. the beams.
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with
PART 2- PRODUCTS a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This
2.01 General device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum
primary air flow rate that is maintained
Materials and products required for the work of this independent of any static pressure changes in
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop
identified by the engineer or owner. to the primary air delivery system and shall not
require any control or power connections.
Approved Manufacturers: 7. Beams shall be provided with connections for
either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans
These specifications set forth the minimum and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall
requirements for the active chilled beams to be require separate supply and return connections
accepted for this project. Products provided by the for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured
provided they meet all of the construction and with seamless copper tubing (½” outside
performance requirements of this specification: diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
1. TROX aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten
(10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working
2.02 Design pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for
leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each
1. Furnish and install TROX DID621 (1 slot) and/or chilled beam shall be provided with factory
DID622 (2 slot) series single slot active chilled integrated vent and drain fittings. Unless
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the otherwise specified, coil connections shall be
drawings and within the mechanical equipment bare copper for field sweating to the water supply
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be
shall be as shown on the drawings, without located near the left end of the beam (when
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed viewing into the primary air connection
and delivered to the job site as single units.
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air
induction section of 50% free area perforated
steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The
64
Specification DID620
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be 4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field connection using sweated connection or
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose connection using flexible hoses.
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate 5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
field connection (by others). others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
2.03 Performance tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical be suitable for operation in an environment
testing shall have been performed in accordance between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
with ISO 3741. and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating water supplying the beams has been properly
capacities shall be established in accordance to treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
European Standard EN15116 for the specific 2/93.
application on the inlet side of the submitted 6. No power or direct control connections shall be
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be required for the operation of the chilled beam.
included in the submittal.
3. 3.03 Cleaning and Protection
4. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 1. Protect units before, during and after installation.
80 CFM per linear foot of beam. Damaged material due to improper site protection
5. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be shall be cause for rejection.
limited to that which results in a maximum ten 2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through required to restore beams to as-new appearance.
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
65
Specification DID300
DID300 Series Active Chilled Beams steel flanked by two linear supply slots (or an
OPTIONAL linear bar grille with a 70% free area
PART 1- GENERAL face). The entire visible face section shall be
finished in white powder coat paint or as specified
1.01 Summary by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall
be flat black.
This section describes the active chilled beams. 3. Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
1.02 Submittals applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams
Submit product data for all items complete with the used for exposed mounting applications shall
following information: include factory mounted “Coanda” plates to
assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air.
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit 4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge
assemblies. galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total of induction nozzles. A side entry primary air duct
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates, connection shall be provided with a nominal five
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow (5) or six (6) inch round spigot. The overall height
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water of the beams shall not exceed 9½”
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air 5. Beams shall incorporate provisions for
throw values. measurement of their primary airflow rate. The
3. Construction details including manufacturers measurement location must be accessible from
recommendations for installation, mounting and the face of the beam and require a single
connection. pressure differential measurement. Airflow
calibration charts that relate the measurement to
PART 2- PRODUCTS the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the
beams.
2.01 General 6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the
Materials and products required for the work of this primary air duct by the installing contractor. This
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials primary air flow rate that is maintained
identified by the engineer or owner. independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall
Approved Manufacturers: add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop
to the primary air delivery system and shall not
These specifications set forth the minimum require any control or power connections.
requirements for the active chilled beams to be 7. When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the
accepted for this project. Products provided by the assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable water coils with single supply and return
provided they meet all of the construction and connections. Four pipe connections shall require
performance requirements of this specification: separate connections for their chilled and hot
water supply. The coils shall be mounted
1. TROX vertically and (non-piped) condensate trays shall
be furnished directly beneath them. The coils
2.02 Design shall be manufactured with seamless copper
tubing (½” outside diameter) with minimum .025
1. Furnish and install TROX DID301 (single slot) inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to
and/or DID302 (two slot) series active chilled aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam
drawings and within the mechanical equipment shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI,
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams be factory tested for leakage at a minimum
shall be as shown on the drawings, without pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed provided with factory integrated vent and drain
and delivered to the job site as single units. fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air connections shall be ½” O.D. bare
induction section of 50% free area perforated
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Specification DID300
copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit. 3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to
Connections to 2 pipe coils shall extend from left end the beams, contractor shall flush the piping sys-
of the beam (when viewing into the primary air con- tem(s) to assure that all debris and other matter
nection spigot) and shall be at least 1½” long to facili- have been removed.
tate field connection (by others). 4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be pro- connection using sweated connection or connec-
vided with NPT male threaded fittings where tion using flexible hoses.
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field 5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose. others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt. suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
2.03 Performance tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
All performance shall be in compliance with that hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing be suitable for operation in an environment be-
shall have been performed in accordance with ISO tween -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
3741. and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard 360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be water supplying the beams has been properly
established in accordance to European Standard treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side 2/93.
of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing 6. No power or direct control connections shall be
must be included in the submittal. required for the operation of the chilled beam.
Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary 3.03 Cleaning and Protection
plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 40 CFM per
linear foot of beam. Protect units before, during and after installation.
Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited Damaged material due to improper site protection
to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head shall be cause for rejection.
loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as re-
exceed 4 FPS. quired to restore beams to as-new appearance.
PART 3- EXECUTION
3.02 Installation
67
In North America Head Office & Research Centers
Trox USA, Inc. Gebrüder Trox GmbH
4305 Settingdown Circle Postfach 10 12 63
Cumming D-47504 Neukirchen-Vluyn
Georgia Telephone 49 28 45/2 02-0
Telefax 49 28 45/2 02-2 65
USA 30028 www.troxtechnik.com
E-mail: trox@troxtechnik.de
Telephone: (770) 569-1433
Telefax: (770) 569-1435
e-mail: trox@troxusa.com
www.troxusa.com
68
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