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    Pages From SECV-Code - Full-2

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    Sube Oh

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    State Electricity Commission of Victoria Power Grid Engineering iN SEC CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS 5 conten, SCORE - DePINTTTONS DESIGN BASED ON ULTIMATE STRENGTH ESIGN BASED ON ULTIMATE STRENGTH FORCES DUE TO WIND 4,1 Wind From Any Direction 4,2 Wind Pressures 4,3 Drag Coefficients and Shielding Factors 4.4 Vertical Components of Wind Gusts ‘LOADS DUE 70 CABLE TENSION 5.1 Differential Tension in Ground Wires 5.2 Broken Cable loadings 5.3 Termination Loads (jinchor and Strain Structures) 5.4 Deviation Loads 5.5 Short-Cireait Loads on Switchyard Structures CONSTRUCTION AND MATNTENANCE LOAns SONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE LOADS 6.1 Stringing Loads 6.2 Nen Clinbing on Structure 6.3. Any Other Construction or Maintenance Loading ‘STRESSES (B7C,) FOR USE WITH ULTIMATE Loqns 7.1 Minimum Thickness of Meubers 7.2 Slenderness Ratios 7.3. Angle Strate 7.4 Tension Members 7.5 Redundant, Members 766 Bracing 7.7 Splicing of Mexbers 7.8 Bolts 7.9 Steel Stresses not Otherwise Specified ‘7410 Stresses in Concrete (for Foundations) FOUNDATIONS 8.1 Bored Piles in Clay (Plain and Undercut) 8,2 Grillages or Concrete Slabs 8,3. Undercut Foundations €.4 Provision for Saturation 8.5 Data Upon Soils ACCESS WAYS AND Labi 12 rr 13 13 yh Ty 1, General Forme 2 1A, Drag Coefficient ani Factors 1B, Wind at any Angle to Tower Faces 16 Wind at an Angle to Cable STIVATE LOADS FOR 220 kW, WAND 500 kV TRANSMISSION TONERS FABRICATION DETATLS QOEFFIOIENTS POR WIND PRESSURES FOUNDATION UPLIFT RESISTANCES ‘BORED PLAIN PILE 12 IN, DIAMSTER BORED PLAIN PILE 24 IN, DIAMETER BORED PLAIN PILE 36 IN, DIAMETER BORED UNDERCUT PILE 21, IN. DIAMETER BASE * ‘BORED UNDERCUT PILE 36 IN, DIAMETER BASE, ‘BORED UNDERCUT PILE 48 IN, DIAMETER BASE ‘BORED UNDERCUT PILE 60 IN, DIAMETER BASE oF 5 15 15 15 TABLE 1 TABLE 2 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 PIOUR 6 FIGURE 7 FIGURE @ A 1. SCOPE: This code applies to the design of steel transmission line structures for high voltage and extre high voltage transmission lines. The code elso applies to high voltage and extra high voltage suitche yard structures such as rack structures, grourd wires, masts, ete, The code aims to produce structures which will (a) have an appropriate margin of safety against collapse while men are working on the structures; (bo) keep the incidence of structural collapses under extremely ‘high winds to a suitable low level; (c) keep the incidence and extent of structural damage due to breakege of cables or hardware to a cuitable los level, 2, DEFINITIONS: Suspension Structure One to which conductors are connected by suspension insulators and on which conductors will not be terminated, Anchor Structure One to which conductors are connected by strain insulators and designed to resist permanent, termination of conductors or temporary termina tion of conductors for more than a period of sone few weeks such a3 my occur during maintensnos or stringing, Strain Structure Any other structure strung with strain insulators. Single circuit strain structures are to be deeigiiod for the temporary termination of any one phase (i.e. for a period not exeeeding some few weeks). Double circuit strain structures are to be designed for the tempor termination of any onc ciresit (i.e. for a period not exceeding some few weeks) Wor} Tension (M.W.T,) Tog tension in the cables under 10 p.s.f, lateral wind pressure on cables at 60°F or under no wind and a temperature of 40°F - whichever is the greater. (Note that while this is the reference tension to oof ich oC be. stringing work,this code requires struetures to igher wind pressures on Sables without”structural failure: Shont-Circiit Tension (3.C,7,) (Aelevant only to switchyard structures) ‘The maximum increase in conductor tension due to the effects of a short~cireuit condition in a bundled conductor (i.e, S.C,T, is the peak inerease in tension above that existing immediately prior to short~cireuit). Dynamic load Factor (D.L.F,) (Relevant only to switchyard structures) A factor used in assessing the response of a structire to the dynanic short-circuit loading. The value of D.L.F. for a particular. structure depends on its natural, period of vibration, and also on the nature and duration of the initial dynamic short-circuit loading, Dynamic Pressure ‘The pressure equivalent to the kinetic energy of the moving alr - a a ae tat is Pager? 7 P PSS VS us : Se ke Gor peat whore = eynamte pressure ——— (= density of the moving abr (Ua kph Lm ¥ = velocity of the moving air 7 ad ‘The force acting on an ebject in the air is the product of its drag coefficient, area and the dynanie pressure — that is Fac). ALP, where G, = drag coefficient A = frontal area Ultimate Load The load which the structure 4s expected to just carry without structural collapse if tested on non-yielding foundations, 3. DESIGN BASED ON ULITATE sTREWGTH: The loadings specified herein are ultimate loads, ‘Transmission line structures shall be designed such that their ultimate strength when tested on non~yielding foundations is just sufficient to resist the loads specified in this code. Deflection at ultimate strength will rarely be of importance. The sumary of loadings as given in Table 1 provide an appropriate safety margin for men working on the structure under moderate winds. loads grplied during stringing mst not exceed 504 of the specified loadings given in Table 1, 4. RORCES DUE TO WIND: 4,1 Wind From Any Direction Structures shall be designed to resist the forces applied by the wind blowing in any direction - refer to Appendix 1, Wind Pressures Structures up to 200 ft in height shall be designed for the following wind pressures: Dynamic pressure on structure ~ 30 p.s.f, essure on enblles = 20 prsst, Press : 6 However, increased wind pressure shall be used in the following cases: (a) Structures in excess of 200 ft in height, (©) Structures subjected to extremely high wind velocities due be Seca eg Ay ORel. Inns or eee ee would be accentuated by topographic factors, (c) For spans loss than 400 ft, higher wind Fressures on cables shall be assumed ae ‘fi For values of these factors refer to Appendix 1, ‘eh Wertical Compsnents of Wind Gusts Nertica onents of Wind Gusts To allow for upward and doumard components of wind gusts, the structures ‘SRA "DS HEBER fon" wean composes ae eee tS, the (2) 2.0 tims the wetaht of condustore, hardare, structure, wen and equipment; (>) 0,5. times the weight of conductors and hardware plus 20 times ‘the weight af th structure, night of the structure Tse weight components are to be aprlied cotnetdent with £00 wind Se re 0 BB Oped sotnetdent with £42 vend 5. LOADS DUE 70 CABLE tensroN, DADS DUE 70 caBrE rENsron, % 5.2 Broken Cable Landings ‘ Suspension structures abull be designed to withstand.the "broken gable" load in Table 1 applied to any one phase or any one aroune wine the ‘hroken cable" load is to be apalied without wink and with fmatictier of 1,25 on weight loads, This loading is intended to reduce the extent ae structural damage inthe most severe cases af ghese or grou wie Sreckage and to preclide it in ethers, 5.3 Termination Loads (Anchor and Strain Structures) (a) Anchor Structures In the fully strung condition, anchor structures shell be designed to resist ca ON.U.T. combined with maximum wind pressures. (o) Strain Structures in conditions ubich may exist temporantly such as during stringing, (that ie, conditions expected to exist for not more than a few wocks) steal structures shall be designed for cable forces at 1.5 MW.T, combines wath 2/3 of the wind pressure specified in se 4.2. Condition (b) above shall be used to design ~ (4) ad circuit non-anchor structures for termination of any one single ciroutt ‘Semmination of any one Busey (4) double circuit non~anchor structures for termination of any one ALlowance shall be made for termination of one or both ground wires on anchor and strain structures, D.C, anchor towers shall not be designed for "double torque" loading, that is, for termination af one circuit in one direction and the other oireule’ in the other direction, 5h Devistton loads (a) Anchor and Strain Structures In the fully strung condition anchor and strain structures shall be designed to resist cable ds ot 2,0 MW.T. combined with maximum int-oresmures, Under other coniitions strain structires shall bs Sesigned 0 Jeee feels Soviation loads at 1.5 H,W.T, with reduced wind pressures (see fable 1). (b) Suspension Structures Suspension structures designed for ruling spans but with no deviation ty be used where electrical clearances are adequate for small deviation angles but with smaller wind spans, The reduced span shall be such that the total daterel force at cable level (wind on reduced span at 20 preef., plus cable deviation load at 2,0 M.ul,T,) shall not exceed the wind fores oh the nuling wind span at 20 psf, (Note: | For spans less than 400 ft wind pressure shall be increased in accordance with 1,2 (e).) = 5.5 Short-Cireuit loads on Switchyand Structures The occurrence of short-cireuits in bundled conductors, 1.e. to or mare conductors per phase, will cause an increase in tension in the shase aca asa result dynamic loads'will act on the structure, The increase in tension due to a short-circuit my be of such magnitude that this becomes the cenductor Jost design criterion for a switchyard structure strung with bundled conductors. For the development of loading criteria and an explanation of the Gyanie load factor (D.L.F.) refer to Design Note No. 4 “Design Criteria for Short-Cireuit Loadings*. The vellucs of D.L.F., shown on Figure 10, shall be used for rack structures when this informtién is net otherwise available. Switchyard structures shall be designed for short-circuit loads in Jeu of the termination loads of Clause 5.3 (a) Mat, it 5.0.1, > 2x DLP The effects of @ three phase short-circuit and all possible combinations of ‘two pase short-circuit shall be considered, (2) Three Phase Short-Cireutt, ‘The structure shall be designed to withstand conductor forces of 1,33 (W.T, + 5.0.7, x D.L.F,) in ell three phases. (©) vo Phase Short-Cireutt The structure shall be designed to withstand conductor forces of 1633 (Mi. S.C.7, x D.L.F,) in any two short~eireaited phases, and a force of 1,39 MAW.?. in the other’ phase, In both cases, the short-circuit loading 4s to be taken as coincident with full wind loads, 6. CONSTRUCTION AND MA 61 Stat Loads Structures shall be designed for the following loadings applied in any eonbinstion. (For double circuit towers this provision need only apply to one gireult provided both circuits will not be strang similtaneously.) The stringing loads are to be applied without wind loade. (a) Vertical 3.0 timts the weight of cables and hardware in the fully strung’ condi- {on plus 3,0 times the weight of men end equipment expected on the tower, plus 2,0 tines the tower weight, Note that this loading is intended to allow for the greater vertical loads which can occur during stringing, but which cannat be assessed at the tower Gesign stage because the stringing methods are unresolved. It does not give = “factor of safety" of 3.0 £7 tringing condition, The actual loads applied Goring BOPTRgIg Shula not reed ae capacity of the tover, (b) Long tudinal, Suspension Structures TANCE LOADS! Conductors 0,25 phase M.W.T, Ground Wires 1.5 M.W.T. Strain Structures: Conduetors 1.5 phase M.W., when phase ie dead-ended on tower, oF 0,25 phase H.W.T, when’ phase runs through stringing block, Ground Wire 1,5 NeW. 7, tote that only one phase may be terminated at a time on the norm S.C, Might rain tower, ) 6.2 Men Climbing on Structure ehggBesaht of a mon shalt be taken as 200 2b, 412 structure neabers os anes at &° of more to the vertical shana oy designed for a point load ef (exo an, ubtimate) cprlied at mid span noma oo oo menber in the vertical [7@'Plane coincident with the axial leads produced by loadings in Clause 6.1 jalsbove. (Refer to Clause 7.3.) $3. Any Other Construction or haintenanes Loading Structures shall be designed for wltinate loads equal to tice ala ~ forsceable loads during maintenanes oe Grection, unless the maintenance on Strustaras gee, CaTied cut without risk te persona ey the event af structural collapse. 7 STRESSES (e70.) FoR use WITH uLTMTe LOADS; 71 Binimuy Thickness of Menbors Tegs of tavors, rack structures, ground wire masta : oP any meabers below grout dan Legs of other ‘switchyard structures 3/16 in Other monbers 1/8 in - 7.2 Slemerness Ratios . (s) | The following ratios of length between intersection points to radius of gyration shall not be exccosed: * legs 140 ate Other compression menbers carrying ‘i calculated lead Secondary members carrying no calculated load (see aloo Clause 7.6) 250 . Member carrying tension load only 400 (>) Where two diagonal members bolted at. their intersection ane employed chap Panel 80 that one 4s always loaded in tenses When the other 4s loaded tn se3 shall (c) In designing the main sloping member of 8 K bracing system the slenderness ratiod’) is derived as follows: . ‘ (4) Ie the member ds broken into panels effectively ie Pestrained in one dirvetion only, then E_ Length botweon centres of ond connections R° “radius of gyration (unrestenimes direction) (44) IP the member 4s broken Anto panels effectively Testrained in two directions, then f- REMimm Leneth between intermdiate panet points RO minimin radius of gyratios t) pifective restraint of members shall be obtained by the triangulation Of the neaber and not by horizontal ncabors only’ betas Panel. points. ee 10. 7.3 Angle Struts The leg length (b) to leg thickness (t) ratio of any angle used in compression shall not exceed S206, 5 \ 17.4 for AS AIAg 20 = 151 > VR, )aksd #8 & where Eis Young's Modulus and Fy is the minimim yield stress for the material as required by the relevant standard specification, Yatertaa Compressive Stress OF Gross Section “Spey TS : oe RN tee en +S 360 ae 4 2 vk pe | Teor : | ; : here L 4s the unsupported length of the mabe between panel | Points and’ hs the apnrome see radius of gyration both in inches. Zaportant Note These stra Perdence with transmission towers and, accordingly, pened where restraint at the ends of the not be acct nia” 22 that comonty oseurring in Chena tovers. They should Rot be used for pin-cnied or nvended conditions when 1/r ie’ grosti tee 140, For such meabers use ti hen Loade Ging are present in angle struts, the mabers shall be designed for Ay reduced strut capacity as given by oetien te Bor Loads are apslied with significant eccentricity to fe intersoction of the centretds oe tie Supporting members or where the Bothed or ogeavy Bending loads would warrath mo Yefined design, the design te iat ot Design Note No. 3 my be applica Tee more complex analysis my be 1 Of we When dt is desired to mike Al use of tae capacity of existing crossarms, : 7.4 Bension Nenbers Tension Menbers Stress on nett section AS AIL9 = 35.8 kipe/oq in 250 i Stress on nett section AS A151 = 51.5 kips/aq in B50! 1 See pe ttt, S78 of single angle tension nesbors, belted through one leg any opald be taken as tho nett ares of the omer eg plus half the gross ama'of the outstanding lee, 7.5 Redundant Noubers ee Ai fan asters anette sodsee so onforets etso of msg mebers shall be designed to carry in compression ex the axtal compression Jovd in the restrained member (ace rec 7.2) ° i Cex : \ kip Zag ine Pe " 7.6 Bracing 2 in, Misti size of a connected leg of any angle section shall be 12 tn. : 7.7 Splicing of Members Splices shall be located as close to the pancl points as practical, Sesondery stresses resulting from eccentric connections (example by *ep splicing) shall be alloved for in the design, Seesegs Shall be 20 arranged that the Length of any unspliced member shall not exceed 27 ft, because of gulvanising limtrtiers ts handling difficulties. 768 Bolts ereqginimin belt diameter for transmission line structures shall be {Ze Ane, Certain Ughtor loaded switehjard strustines sock er ree Pedestals, ferminal bax supports, etc, } in diameter bolts my be verde oles for bolted connections shall be 1/16 in larger than the roninal bolt size, Bolt Stresses for Mtimte Loadines Holt Stresses for timte Loadines | Btearing Suis ison sins me | Bong tes Dott Hotere | ieseegee | mame ss for use with tower steel to 4S A149 = Bolts to 4S B10, si 7 winimm tensile strength 28 t.s.d, minimm elongation 17% J For use with tower steel to 43 AIS! = Bolts of material with minimm yield 23 t.s.i. nintmmn tensile strength 35 test, 425 68.5 749 Steel Stresses not Otherwise Specified there ultimate design stresses are not specified above they shall be ‘eken a8 1.7 tines the "working" stresses given by San tatorte 351. Fabrication details (edge distances, ete.) refer to Table 2, 7.10 Stresses in Concrote (for Foundations) Stresses in Conerote (for Foundations | [itimte! design stresses shall be taon at 1.8 tines the “workcing" sertsses given by 4S AZ, "Altermeively, design my be beatires a uem strsnatn Uappondix A of As GAS) case ays CGEMES SOY Be specified in Table 1 herein in lieu of the "Design Loads" of Paragraph A 3.2 of AS Ca2, 125 8. Foumparros; 5.1 Site Investigation Reports for switchyard Reporte on soil conditicns from Investigation Sub-Division TEE Libero conditions permit ~ classity the soiis fod ere particular sate nto, the cetegeries listed in Table A, The reper? wil) soe tte to. Bien ab FI2a geigy bee Must stil araw attention to any unusosl fotiut os saturations eset? binges of aaterial over the site, yosaiiitio at saturation, ete, 8.2 Approach to Design FounMations shell do designed to just resist without failure the ultimate loads specified in this code. Feilure may be sither @ besring capacity failure of an excessive deflection or rotation, Unless other informatio ie available, a foundation ovenent ef more than 2" under the ultimate load will be Tegarded as « failure, density, eto., Likely to be encountered For the ser) classifications Heted in Table A, the design paraneters listed in Table 9 anus used, 8.3 Provision for Seturation 8.3.1 Cohesive Soite reg Ne Brovision for saturation except for anchor structures where ‘the foundations are subject to sustained submergence, 8.3.2 Non-obesive Soii: pesigners shell allow for the reduced strength and increase in stetgenent weich will ocour if the ground water table’ can capone tee dase of jegfoundation. | The strength would be epprozinately halved mea stp settlonent Ze uspension structures, ake no provision for ouyancy except in your, “NaT® sHetsined submergence i8 oxpected for more than ony mete nat gee dean ee ey ind gizein structures, in circumstances where submergence aplite, | Te" Sf only infrequently, allow for bouyaney ween oalecleting Particular Desien Problens 8-401 Bored Piles in Olay (Plain and Underout! fhe deste uitiaate uplitt capacity (for use with ultimate loads i Specified in this code) shull be taken as 60% of the theoretical maximum ey, Meg fension Limited shear theory” (0.1.G.8.5. Paper 203 tenerson coneat ge eat, Foes OF design ultimate uplite capacity tore range er ea sohentve etrongthe (c) and tensile strength (2) azo on Mausea 2 tebe Values for intermediate pile Giansters my be interpolated, It will be n of the soil in some an. Be see ea ct bored Roles must be in e cloan undisturbed state and 2 aad wee any ea eeisht im a single pour without seaching initial sot and well compacted ty vibrations Hote on "ension Linited Shear Thoory" see getive shear strength of the soil at ground level on the fsilure surface uf a bored pile equals the soil teneile strength, It increases Havarly with depth until the soil cohesive strength is scones The effective saiiure surface is the surface of the pile for plain silos wnt vertical G{filnter above the base for undercut piles. ‘The rate of gaan or effective Pee ples 20 Paesfg POE, f0e8, of depth for plain piles. The fnew no fon umdereut piles is variable with the ratio of abeft diene (4,) to base Or" Masoter (a) and equals 105 pests por fect of ann yeas 0.694, “and w* Sete value Has been used in deriving figures 2 to Be The figure of ° 105 pret, may be used with &) varying from O04 10°08 4, without errors exceeding a few per cont, ® 8.4.2, Grilleges or Concrete Sabi fhe Agim witinate uplirt capacity (for use with ultinate loads frustan of 2 hie Gods) shall be taken as the woight of material ee ae Fustas of @ cone or pyrania with aides sloping et 1 horioeie ie 2 vertical fron the perimeter of tho grillage or slab. Hogoytt, When the design uplift capacity exceeds 100 kiya it shall be taken a8 608 of tho weight cf material in the 1 on 3 cent oe pyramia we razang the grilege or slab. (This is Because of lack ee eee information at higher uplift values.) ph flay soils, grilages mst bo concreted or bedded and covered with Fae ee ney sand material to a minimin depth (both abore ann below) equal Segoe Space between grillage members, This material mot be compacted to 558 of the density at optimum moisture content achieves dy compaction in Sccordance with BS 1377. (abbreviated to BS 095.) Tyee tage Bet Dearing pressure on the top of grillage meabers in Uplift chall not exceed the following Well graded sand or gravel 10 kes.t, Sandy ‘clay (example Gorryong material)’ E1ec$! ; Poorly graded sand ake, She extent of footing movenent will depend on footing size, Forortions, back#il1 materiel and compaction standards, basties nesting gher compaction should be such a3 to produce « " to that achieved by thie Corsyong teste (1964). sfeeet da, Figure 9-, Figure 9 (a) shove the and compaction standards, Both ure in terme nt Telative to Corryong test grillages. Footing dimensions sonst Fo) That he Froduct of movenonts (relative to Certyens) fron Fraures 9 (a) and (b) do not significantly execed unite, i | 8.4.3 Undercut Foundations | Enfgrestion at present avatleble zoquizes that undercut foundations | Zravings and specifications should not probibit the use ‘of enderece where this can be safely constructed and effectively backfiiien 14 9. AOCESS WAYS AND Lappeps: : ACCESS WAYS AND LADDERS: Inge Access ways and ladders ere required for snitehyerd Taigare® they shal be designed in accordanoe with AS Care except as (2) Grieg Moors Fe Mesh screens shall not be provided underneath grid floore, (>) 2oe-3oards sng ezboaré mot less than 23" high shall be provided on platforms and wollvays, (c) Ladder Cages in the absence of any specific requirenents to the contrary a see gntllomly be provided around adders when ihe clove ce ooo ladder “treads 62" to the horizontal and the length of the ladder axetan 20", 15. TABLE & ESIGN CLASSIFICATION oF sorzs ESIGN CLASSIFICATION OP Sorus ae Field Properties Soil Type Description ! for Classification Now comstve sorzs 1 Loose Relative Density <0.35 A Media Relative Density 0.35 — 0.65 3 Danse Relative Density>o. 65 H comsrve sors Yon Exvansive : 4 Sort UCS.8€8 pes 5 Fim UsGsS. B15 pes) Low srkags 6 stise UsC+S. 15-30 pai} and await’ ing charac 1 Very State U.0S. 30-60 pai! teristice 8 Bara UsGs3. > 60 pes 5 Scott Rook Suitable for Boring Equipment Bepansive, 10 stise U.CwS. 15-30 ) Rig shrinkage and svalling " Very stare UsdwS. 30-60 } character istics e Herd v.0.8.>60 geet "HC6S. = Uncontined compressive strength + 8 o - Sor ot ot prey, + ’ st - Sor on su su7is 10q ’ 2 Se - Sor oun our une Tay sougans ays 40 reyso3eu SOHOSUE JO 42 205 wot ty - @ o - oot So ozt ou 4305 6 a a of - Sor ob zt ae eH a z + ss - Sor on Ste [5.9> sara Axon L z z ou. - Sor on on fa ans 9 i wg PHBWOTIIeS aso} FuOT xo9U9 ° ° , - Sor on Soo fave Ve mage Seeded co jueaoy4309 sxe S304 yo0dxg ° - z - Sor ole 6 a8 ieee TTT TES ~ - - se 06 $6 Ot | deg. — cause for oy - - - ec 06 $6 fie fs sto aspen zy qWonetsze0 ease yoodeg - - - o 06 $6 oe (aa) 900r TTI | Sear | seosiag asa a5 mavens | wrseqog o 9°8VIN6 “O°B WEEE | are uy sycmroy eoeeeeo [| _etteuey | quasday Poroedaog wegen | at ey yo tad 45 rear ndor mare uf qidueng eh (SUS OLEGOE WSS we SOOT a TESST TTT aT ast w(T APPENDIX 1 Wind Loadings on Towers where F = wind force Fo dynanie pressure (30 1b/sq ft wltimite) A= shadow area of front face Cpr drag coefficient for front face (+n) = factor for the arog on the rear and side faces of the structure, 14, DRAG COEFFICIENT AND FacroRS, Tower Shape . Structural Components Si + n) cee | (4) Square or rectangular | Angles or other rolled 3.0 structural shapes (31) Mangular Angles or other ralled 27 ; structural shapes (144) Square or rectangular | Round mexbers or tubes 2.0 i (tv) Triangular | Round menbers or tubes 1? : 18. WIND AT ANY ANGLE 10 TOWER PACES: t FEUD AT ANY ANGLE 10 TOWER FACES: Rectangular or Square Based Towers i Zhe wind forces acting on the tower vhen the wind ip blowing at sm anglo to the tover face shall be calculated as teract (2) The wind forees Zor wind perpendicular to each face of i the tower Fy and F, shall be calewated using ine ‘ Svefficients given in 14, } (b) The components of the wind forces in the Girections : Perpendicular to the tower faces shall be calculated fron Fp and Py by miltiplying by the factors 4 and B respectively, values of which are given in Figure 1, 'C. WIND A AN ANGLE 90 cABIE; (a) Foree at Right Ansles to the Cable Plecpa meres where F.~ wind force at right angles to the cable ‘o7 Wind pressure on cable Age dismetric area of cable factor given in Figure 1 46 (4 (b) Longitudinal Fores on Cable Fy DPA, d where Fy ~ longitudinal wind force on the conductor D = factor given in Figure 1 I | (4) “Urn expe pimos? ot coadn TH (0) em osmad of corre SAO OT SNOT THETA opr exeay pore semmfueyces xo exe SR uD osnseoad ‘puys se0s9 eo} 24 POvTeT| T= 9g 4mm emssecd oysrutp evar stjuo expen ez © 203 worseparey © eBsyd suo LHP 04 PETTGCE oq 0} sxe SBUTPEOT sosonpUCS uayosE x0 prone 0} PauBySep 94 o} are suoTysreto SUERTE sportéée Aresazeiee 0g 0} oct rae omy Aarne oh PeuSyeop oq op fe Sees, GT sank suorpeutgace Suypect so Gong “suorseFunES SUTPT aa exe ponest 20 osmat of SE, SNOT SHOT ET T 7 (ora i oz en san eaza panes? 03

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