Standard Specification for Wood Products AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 168-84 (1990) 1. SCOPE 1.1 This specification provides a com- pilation of specifications covering com- ‘mercial grades and species of lumber and ‘other wood products for highway con- struction as indicated below. More detailed requirements will be found in the various specifications cited for specific products, LLL Lumber 1.1.2 Strvctural-glued Laminated Timber 1.1.3. Piling Ld Posts 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 AASHTO Standards: 2.1.1 M133 Preservatives and Pres sure Treatment Process for Tim- ber 2.1.2 Standard Specifications for High way Bridges 2.2 ASTM Standards: 2.2.1 D 25. Specifications for Round Timber Piles 2.2.2 DI165 Standard Nomenclature for Domestic Hardwood and Softwood 2.3. American Road and Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA): 2.3.1. Bulletin No, 268 A Guide to Stan dardized Highway Barrier Rail Hardware 2.4 National Hardwood Lumber Asso- ‘ciation: 2.4.1. Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood and Cypress Lumber 2.8 National Bureau of Standards (Bs): 2.5.1 Voluntary Standard PS 20 American Softwood Lumber Standards 2.5.2 Voluntary Product Standard PS: 56 Structural-glued Laminated Timber 3. CLASSIFICATION BAL Species of wood: 3.1 The standard commercial and botanical names of the species of wood recognized in the specification are as described in ASTM D 1165. BALL Some species may be covered under more than one set of grading rules. In such cases, the applicable grading rules shall be as specified in the contract. 3.1.1.2 Some grading rules provide for the inclusion of additional species under the established commercial name of the lumber, 3.1.2. Limitation of Use: 3.1.2.1 Wood for structural purposes shall not be used in exposed permanent structures without pressure impregnation ‘ofa preservative in accordance with AASHTO M 133, 3.1.2.2 The heartwood of the follow- ing species is high in decay resistance and ‘when specified may be used without pre- servative treatment: Softwoods Hardwoods: Bakdcypress Chestnut Cedars Locust, Black Junipers Osage orange Redwood Walnut, Black Yew, Pacific 3.2 Hardwoods: 3.2.1 Hardwood products shall be ‘graded in accordance with Rules for the “Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood ‘and Cypress Lumber. 3.2.2. Use classification, manufactur- ing classification, and size classification shall be as outlined in the reference cited in Section 3.2.1 3.3 Softwoods: 3.3.1 Grading —Softwood lumber shall be graded in accordance with grad: ing rules which conform to the basic provi- sions of NBS PS 20 and are adopted by a lumber grading or inspection bureau or agency recognized as being competent. 33.141 Softwood lumber intended for structural use with design stress shall be siress-grade lumber graded in conform- ance with nationally accepted standards such tha the lumber will meet the required stress values listed in Section 1.10.1 ofthe AASHTO Standard Specifi- cations for Highway Bridges. 3.3.1.2 Design values using ASTM Standards or developed by grading rule agencies may be used provided they were developed in accordance with the nation- ally accepted standards. The Engineer may request a report from the rules-weit- ing agency explaining how the design values of working stress and modulus of elasticity were derived. 3.3.2. Classficarion— Softwood lum- ber shall be classified according tothe use, manufacturing and size classifications listed in NBS PS 20 as outlined below. 3.3.21 Use classifications shall be Yard Lumber, Structural Lumber, and Factory and Sbop Lumber. 3.3.2.2 Manufacturing classifications shall be Rough Lumber, Dressed (Sur- faced) Lumber, and Worked Lumber. 3.3.2.3. Size classifications shall be [Nominal Size Designations of Boards, Dimension, and Timbers; Rough Dry Sizes; and Dressed Sizes. 3.3.3. Stress Grading—Appropriate [ASTM Standards and other nationally rec- ‘ognized technical standards shall be used to develop working stresses and modulus of elasticity values for Stress Graded Structural Lumber. 3.3.3.1 Design values developed by grading rules agencies may be used pro- vided they were developed in accordance with the nationally accepted standards “The Engineer may request a report from the rules-writing agency explaining how the design values of working stress and modulus of elasticity were derived. 2534. PRODUCTS 4.1 Lumber: 4.1.1 All lumber shall conform with the applicable softwood or hardwood lum- ber grading standards. The following requirements shall be specified in the pur- chase order: 4.1.1.1 ‘The nominal dimensions: thickness, width, and length of each item required. 4.1.1.2 The grade required or the stress-grade rating of lumber required, including any special requirements, such as provisions for heartwood content, free- dom from wane, seasoning condition, etc. 4.1.1.3 Manufacturing classification such as rough, dressed, or worked lumber. 4.1.1.4 The allowable species accord- ing to standard commercial name. 4.1.1.5 The name of the agency that ‘will be responsible for grading, inspecting and grade marking the lumber, ae ee eee 4.1.1.6 The year of issue of the appli- cable grading rules. 41.1.7 Preservative treatment required 4.2 Structural-Glued Laminated Tim- ber: 4.2.1 Requirements for the dimen- sions, grade combinations, lumber for laminating, appearance grades, adhesives and laminating of structural glued lami- nated timber as well as inspection and test procedures, marking and the certification by a qualified inspection and testing agency shall be in conformance with NBS PS 56, 43. Piling: 4.3.1 Round timber piles shall con: form to ASTM D 25. 44 Posts: 4.4.1. Posts shall be of sound wood, free of decay, excessive knots and insect attack and shall otherwise conform to the provisions of this specification, 4.4.1.1 Fence Posts—Posts shall be preservative-treate in ecordance with Section 3.1.2 except where the contract plans permit use of decay-resistant varie- ties, Posts to be driven shall be machine- pointed prior o treatment 44.1.2 Guardrail Posts—Guardral posts shall bea ses grade of 8.2 MPa (1,200 psi or more conforming tothe applicable standards contained in ARBA Bulletin No. 268. When a preservative is required, framing and boring shall be completed prior to treatment in accord- ance with AASHTO M133. 4.4.1.3. Sign Posts—Rectangular posts shall be surfaced four sides (S48) conforming othe provisions to this spec fication. When a preservative is required, framing and boring shall be completed proc to treatment in accordance with AASHTO M 133