Ashort Introduction

to
Traditional Sanskrit Grammar
and the
Buddhist Sanskrit Literature

Prof. G.D. Sumanapala

fr·

The Graduate School of Buddhist Studies

Singapore
2001
 Acknowledgements

The idea of inlroducing a course in Buddhist Sanskrit was suggested first by Yen.
Bellanwila Dhammaratana, the religious advisor of the Buddhist Library and a member
of the Board of Studies, the Graduate School of Buddhist Studies, Singapore. With his
10 V\ 0""+ \' �'"" tt.... -r
advice, guidance and inspiration and the sincere assistance of()..the,other members .o.of,,�he.,..\OW\L
Buddhist Library I was able to prepare this short course within Q\}Ol:lt ORe mOfl . So I am
•

very thankful to all of them for their friendship and support. And I am thankful to my
wife Chandrika and two children for their patience and assistance during this short period
of time.

It is my duty to acknowledge here that I have taken some abstracts from several
sources which are given below:

I. R. G. Bhandarkar, First Book of Sanskrit, 39th edition, Bombay, 1981

11. Nalinaksha Dutt, Gilgit Manuscripts, Vol. iv, Sri Satguru Publications, India,
r
1984.

Ill. TheSlili.tttambtlsiitra, ed. and tra. , N. Ross Reat, Delhi, 1993.

IV. D.L. SneIlgrove, The Hevajratantra, A Critical Study, Oxford University Press,
London; 1959.

v. Sllkhlivativylilw - SaJ;lk�iptam'fitrk'fi, ed. P.L. Vaidya, India.

VI. MrtlamlitlhyanUlkaklirik'fi, trans. Kenneth K. Inada. The Hokuseido Press, Tokyo,

1970.

VII. Vijiiaptim'filral'fi.ttiddhi ( Vilhfatik'fi) trans. T.R. Sharma, Delhi, 1993.

VIII. Yen Balangola Anandamaitreya, Saralasarp.skrtasik�aka, Colombo, 1996.

 J n trod uction

This course in' traditional Sanskrit grammar and the Buddhist Sanskrit literature
was prepared for those who wish to enter the vast field of Malz'ii y'iilla Buddhism through
its original sources. Although this is not an exhaustive course in Buddhist Sanskrit we
have tried our best to include here almost all the important grammar rules and some
useful extracts from the sources representing all the main schools of Mah'iiy'iilla
Buddhism. At the beginning it is important to have a general knowledge of Sanskrit
language and the nature of the Buddhist Sanskrit literature as the basis to start this course.

Sanskrit is an Indo-Aryan language which has been used to describe various

subjects such as Religions, Medicine, Astrology, Philosophy and Music. The languages
used or spoken in the Indian sub-continent are called In do-Aryan languages. The
evolution of these Indo-Aryan languages are explained under three main stages:

I. Old-Indo-Aryan -1500 B.C. 600 B.C. e.g. Vedic, Sanskrit

-

2. Middle Indo-Aryan 600 B.C. -1000 AD.

-

This second stage is again sub-divided into three sections. Between the first and
the second sections there comes a new section called transitional stage. They are as
follows:

I. 600 B.C. - 200 B.C.

e.g. Pali Tripi(aka, Asokall Pr'ii krit, Mixed Sanskrit

Transitional stage between the first and the second stages:

e.g. Inscriptions written in B r'iilzmi and K1wrtJ:U; scripts

11. 200 B.c. 600 AD.

-

e.g. Malt'iira�tri, Sauraselli, M'iig(ulhi etc.

Ill. 600 AD. - 1000 AD.

e.g. Verieties of Apab/zr(ll;lSa

3. Modem Indo-Aryan 1000 AD. upto date

-

e.g. Hindi, Oriya, Bengali, Asamese, Sinhala etc.

The vedic literature is composed in Vedic Sanskrit and it was systematized later
with the influence of the grammar of Pii�lilli. This systematized Vedic language is called
Sansk rit or classical Sanskrit. It was mainly used for religious and literary p urposes
 II

I have closely followed the SliNuviltllvylikllra�lllm for the rules of the traditional
Sansknt Grammar. I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to the authors, editors and
translators of the above mentioned sources.

G.D. Sumanapala
Professor of Pali and
Buddhist Studies,
University of Kelaniya,
Sri Lanka.
20 August 200 I
 IV
mostly by the Brahmins, Kings, and nobles at the time. The introduction of religious and
philosophical traditions such as Jainism and Buddhism which were not in agreement with
many teachings of Brahmanism created an atmosphere in which provincial dialects
became more popular than the Vedic or Sanskrit. The main reason for this was that the
founders of the new religiQns and philosophical movements mostly used the provincial
dialects to propagate their teachings instead of Vedic or Sanskrit. One of the main
features of these provincial dialects was that they were mixed with other dialects as well
as Vedic and Sanskrit. The sixth century B.C. in which a number of anti-brahmanic
religious movements came into being is generally called stage of Prlikrit languages
because of the above mentioned fact.

According to the history of Buddhism the community of SUlig/lll divided into two
main sects after the second Buddhist Council which was held in India after one hundred
years of the Buddha's passing away. The two sects were called Theravlitia the tradition
-

of the elders and the MahlisaJiglLika the forerunners of the Mahayalla tradition. The
-

TIzeravlidills used Plili - a mixed Prakrit as their medium of communication while the
Malzli,\'luiglziktIS and their sub-sects preferred a mixed form of Sanskrit language which is
now popular as Mixed Sanskrit, Hybrid Sanskrit or Buddhist Sanskrit. It is recorded that
there came into being at least eighteen Buddhist sects during the third Century RC. in
India. The TlzeravlitlillJ as well as the Malzaylillists began to compile new discourses in
order to explain the original discourses of the Buddha according to their own individual
theories of doctrine. The intention of this endeavour was to preserve their own collections
of discourses by which they could establish identity of individual sects .

As a result a large number o f new discourses were compiled in Plili, Mixed

StlIukrit and other dialects. TIzeravlitiills added theift discourses to the Pali canon and the
Ma/tuyalli.'itJ mainly preserved a large number of discourses in Mixeti Sanskrit as their
own collection of the Buddha's teachings. There are about nine such discourses popularly
called IWVIUI/WrJ1Ul or Vaiplllyasiitra which represent an earlier stage of the development
of Mahliyulla.

These discourses are very important as far as the basis of Malzliyiilla doctrines is
concerned. According to some scholars these discourses represent a transitional stage
between TIzeravlitia and Malzliylilla. The nine discourses mentioned above are as
follows:
I. Ay{asli/wsrikli Prajiiaparamitii
11. SadtlhatnUljJll{l{Iarika
111. La/itavistara
IV. LUlikavatara
v. SuvarIJaprabhli$a
VI. GaIJcfavylilw
vi i. Tlttl1h.ligtltilglIIIJ!.tlk.f1
VIII. SamTul1liriija
IX. llilJablziimiJvlll'U
 V
There are many other important discourses compiled later in the course of time. Some of
them are as follows:

I. Suklzuvativyiillfl (vl�: ·tllramutrku)

11. Suklziivaliv)'lillll (Jmizk�iplllmiirkli)
Ill. S iirmigllma
IV. S lilislamha
v. Vcijraccltedika Prt{jiilipliramilii

In these pure Mllltii),lilla slitras the new concepts have been clearly explained.

The new MaMiylilla Buddhist traditions such as Mlitlltyanutkll or S iillyatlivlitlcl,

Y ogliCartl or V!;iiallavatla ami Talltrayulla have been established on the doctrines of the
above mentioned discourses. Therefore, a good knowledge of the discourses is helpful to
understand the later Mahayalla traditions. The main traditions of Mahuyliilll mentioned
above h ave preserved a large number of philosophical and religious works which are
composed in classical Sanskrit. Many of these texts are lost but most of them are
preserved as Chinese and Tibetan translations. Some of the most important texts
belonging to the Mahayiilla Buddhist traditions are given below:

I. Madltyanutka or'slillyataviida:

Author
I. Mii/ama tiltYClI1ulkaklirikli
..
11. Y llkti$a${ikli
Ill. Vigrallavylivarlalli It Nligurjlllla
IV. Sll/qllekll li
v. Catll{lslava

VI. Calu{l,falllkll
VII. CillllviSlltldltiprakara�1Il ArYlldeva
VIII. Haslavu/aprakaralJa

IX. Prasalllwpadli
x. Mlidltyamiklivatlira Call1lrakirti
"

Xl. Sik.�li..,amllccaya T

XII. B otllticaryli mtartl Salllideva

 Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Pa,.t One

Lesson 1 Sanskrit Alphabet

Lesson 2 Pronunciation
Lesson 3 Noun Cases - An Int.·oduction
Lesson 4 Declension of Nouns
Lesson 5 Conjugation of Verbal Roots
Lesson 6 Sandhi- Euphonic Combinations
Lesson 7 Indeclinables
Lesson 8 Compound Nouns
Lesson 9 Taddhita - Secondary Derivatives
Lesson 10 Krdallta - Pa.·ticip l es

Pm·tTwo

Lesson Reading and Comp.·ehension

(i) Sllkhiivativytilwsiitra - StlIizk�iptllmiitrkli (extracts)

(ii) V{!jracchedikli Pnljiilipliramitli (extracts)
(iii) Sli/istambasiitra (extracts)
(iv) Mii/amlidhyanUlkaklirikli (extracts)
(v) V[jiiaptimlitratlisid"hi (extracts)
(vi) Hevajratalltra (extracts)
 VI

XIII. Tatvasalitgralla

X IV. M tul/lyamii rIllasmilgra" a

xv. Haslarallla or Kar{lIIUI�li

2. Yogiiciira or Vi;iUiIlClViidCl:
Author

I. . Malliiyiillas iitriilmiklira
..
11. DIlarnuldllarnUlliivibltaliga Maitreyalliitlla
111. Malliiyiilla-llltaratalltra

IV. Malliiyiillasamparigralla
V. Yogiiciirabltlintisiistra ASllliga

VI. Vijiiapatimiitratii sit/tilli

Virp.fatikii Vasu ba1ll1/111
TriJitSikii
..
VII. Kiisyapaparivarta{ikii
Vlll. Tr;'i1.fikiibltii�ya SthiranUlti

IX. PramiiIJasanUlccaYll
x. Nyiiyapravesa " Diglliiga
Xl. Alamballllparik�ii

XII. . PramiiIJaviirtika
XllI. NyiiYllbillll1l
XIV. Samballdllaparik�ii DIlarnUlkirti
xv. Viitlallyaya

3. TlIIltrayiilla:

1. (illllytuamiijlltmltra
11. HeVlljrattllltra
111. KiiIClcllkralalltra "

In addition to the above texts there are thousands of treatises written on various aspects of
Buddhism. ,

The foregoing brief account clearly indicates the importance of studying Mixed
Sansk rit and Classical Sanskrit in regard to the doctrines of early and later Malliiyulltl
schools of Buddhism.
1.1 Vowels (svara.)
a ail u u ri fi lri lri e ai 0 av;(14)
Consonants (vyanjana)
k kh g gh n
c ch j jhn
�,
t. th d. dh n
. . ..

t th d dh n
p ph b bh m

y r 1 � � s. s h m
.
h (3 5)
.

1.2. The consonants are generally pronounced with a vowel as

follows :
k+a = ka
k+1i' = Ka
k+i = ki
k+l: = ki
k+u = ku
k+u .= ku
k+ri
•
= kr
•

k'l-ri
.
= krI
•

: ..k+lri = klri
. .
(klu)
•

k'l-lrI = klri
..
(klii)
k+e = ke
k+ai = kai
k+o = ko
k+av = kau
y·t-a = ya
r+a = ra
l+a = la
v+a = va
, ,
s+a = sa.
s+a
.
= sa
•

s+a. = sa
h+a = ha
a+m = am•
ath = ah•
•

2
1.3 The follo wing order o f the Sans krit alphabe t which c�
in the trad i t i o nal grammar wil l b e us e ful for you to
unders tand some grrunmar rules i n the future le s s ons .
a a. i i u u ri rl lri Ir1 e ai 0 av
. �

hn ya va ra l a
.... .
na na na ns ma
·

jha dha
.
dha gha bha
ja da
•
da ga ba
chs tha tha kha pha
•

ca ta ta ka pa
•

�a sa
•
ss,

According to the above order of the letters, we can point 0',

any two letters taken as the first and,the last representi n,
the'all letters between those two letters. This method is
called,pratyahara., e.g.
ja b a pra�tahLara means the letters beginning with ja and en�
with ba. That is to 'say jaba pratyahara includes the letter
ja qa da ga 'and ba.
aba pratyahara means the letters beginning with a and endi�
ba.

3
 ALPHABET

Vowel.

" a; '" a, _ ;, t I, tu, 1\ U, 'It r, • ,. � t,

t( " � ai, .n 0, � dU,

(Anusvara) m : (Vi�1a) b

Consonants

Guttural. � fr, fJt. kh, rt"g, ,{,gh, " n,

Palatal. "I:. c, " ch, 3f.j, {{jn, It n,
LlnffUala �" I: 'h, I. �h,
( {l, � t·,
Dental. 'll, 'l. th, <{ d, 'il.,dh,

�
,p, Ill: ",
Labl,l, Cfi Ph, « h, �hh, '{1n,
Palatal l{ y,
IIml.vowtt. Lingual t r,
Dental (Jtl,

f
Dental and Labial '1. v,
Palatal � s,
IIbUI"tl .. , Lingual � �,
Dental t( s,
Aaptrlt•...... , ........ t h.
vd-ya ta p-sa �l-ma � �·pa
Tho vowel letters assume the following font'.s if d-ra �b-ja � l-ya � �·pra
wh.n .dded to consonants - It d-r-ya �b-da 31·1a q:r �-ma
�d-va � b-dha li't I-va tq �ya
Th, addlllon of "i8 to be known by the oblitera.- Zl d-v-ya r.:r b-ya ;q v-ya � s-va
tlon of tho nether .'roke I and for au, .: ' 3', �, 'JR, � �,
{, J: d-vr-ra q: b-ra iil'v·ra �s-ka
�I _. Ill, ., we hive r. r, 1, R dh-na � bh·t1a !Sl' §-ca
.... , "6., �, t' �J " , �s-kha
" .." ....poc:\lv.I)', •• In the " I
\11 dh-ma ;;r bh-na ��-na �s-ta
which ,h... vo wII, ate added
following instances. in
on to �-:-ifi ka, "" kci, ;Ri bh-ya � �-IJla � s-tha
_ kl, • Id, , ku. • kO, fi kc,
\iq'db-ya
if> kt, i1j kIu, � ke l:l db-ra � bh-ra �S· ya �s-na
• kll, .. ko. .. klu. t to
� bh-va '.It �·ra
•

�dh-va �s-p-ra
" n-na mm-ma 'c; �-la � s -pha
;:;{ noma ill m-ya III �-va � s-ma
Tb, printlpll con,\\lnct consonants are these- ;q n-ya �m-ra �;;-ka �s·ya d
�n-va �m-Ia G';Ii �k-ra �s-ra
) 1! ;;-�a ii h-\1a
k,lta tf p-ta
..
.. .....,. tHa
;;( m-va
(q t-pa � p-t-ya iii h·na
It.l. _.·Ja 2Q t·ya � t-p-ra
�y-va ��-t-ya
vd r-�-ya 1! s-t·ra t;l h-ma
h+ft ",'VI � �h�ya
Rp·na
\,i r·dh-va
•

t; ��-va
•

.. �il1'
�t-pha
k

t;I p-ma
.ah",. ?i \h-ra
�h·ya
� t-ma
l! -\h.·a
iN'" _ah'YI if' q-ga �t-ya t;qp-ya �l-ka ( h-ra

It·" • ah·r. =J{ t-ra

qp-ra �1-ga � �.\h-ya �h-la
:;J; p-Ia fA h-va
��-ma
It,,. _ah-vI 'C<l �-ya. -,q t-r-ya � I-pa wt;;-Qa

�". I "·ka � rl·va

- {q t-va
k·"
.
• "·k·ta �r:h·ya {'6 t-5a
k.,. .C·CI V'CJl �·tta �t-s-na
k'UI .. c·ch. �p-ma �t·s·ya
hi·mt .. c-ch·ra IRf tt-ya Id-ga
",,.VI " ,·ch·va - V« p·va l d-da
',YI ",c·ma '« t-ta � d-dh?
khYI IIQ c-ya � t-t-ra ( d·ba
dh. lit Ha � t-tha J; d-h·ra
III a i-ra t:q th-ya =it d-bha
III "If j-va &l t-na Vd·ma

4
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15
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8
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10
 ..
�.

Lesson J - The noun cas es, An Introduc t i on

\
\

-3. 1 The Sanskrit nouns c�m be declined in the following eight \

cases (namavibhakti) :
Prathama-vibhn.kti - Nominative case
- -

Dvitiya-vibhakti - Ac cus3.tive Cd.se

Trtlya-vibhakti
.
- Inst rumental c ase

Caturthi-vibhakti - Dative case

-
""
l.>ancami-vibhakti - Ab l ative co.se
3:.l.sti-vibhakti
. . .
- P o ssessive case
-
.

Saptami-vibhakti - Locdtive case

-

Amantrana-vibhakti
. .
-. Vocative case
3.2. According to the following declension of the noun t asma�'
can understand how the meaning of a noun changes in every
We should notice that there are three numbers as i.singula
number (ekavllcana) i1. dual number (dvivacana) and iii. p'
-----
number (bahuyacana)�in
A-
Sanskrit declensions.
•

singular' dua l plural

aham - I -avam - we two vayam - we
mam - me aV-am - both of us aS1l1an
maya - by me avabhyam - by both of asmabhil.l - by
(with) us (with) (wit
mahyam - to me avubhyam - to both of aSll1abhyam - to
us
�

mat - from me a.v�l.bhy8.m - from both of aSll1at - from

us
-
mama - my(of me) avaY0 l; - of the both of asm£l.kam - ou
us
mELyi - on me (in) avayoh. - on both of us asmasu - elm

(in)

� - *

*The noun(asmad - I ) has no a vocative form.

11
 1. narah
•
- man narau - two lllen narah - men
2. naram - man narau - two men narall - men
3. narena - by man(with) narabhyam by two men narft.ih. - by men( wit
(with)
-
4. narnya - to man narabhyam - to two men narebhyalJ - to men
5. narat - from man narabhyn,m - from" two men nnrebhyah. - from me1

6. narasya - of man narnyoh

..
- of two men narann.m - of men
7. nare - on man (in) � narayoh
•
- on two men(in) naresu
.
- on llIen ( ill
8. nara - 0 man narau - 0 two men narnh - 0 men

"

3. 4 The underlined words in the following sentences refer to the

respective cases mentioned above :
1. Narah gra�� gacchati �g� _ �� goes to the village
-- .
-
---

-
2. Narau gramam gacchatah - The two men go to the village
---- - 4 • -----------

- 3. IT�6g grumam• gacchanti - �Q�_ ��� go to the village

•

4.
" -
..\ham ��E�� pasyami - I see �g�_��
•

" -
6 • Aham !!§!.!:�!! pasyami - I see �h�L!!}�!!

7. IT�E��� dev � pujitaq - The deity was respected ����g�_���

8. TI�E��Qi�,� deva� pujita� - The deity was respected ��_�h�_�!!'2_��� lftdt,

9. !:!�E�!g devag pujitaI: - The deity was rEtspected ��_�Q�_��!!

•

1 0. Devah• !!�E�l�...; varam yacchati - (rhe deity gives a boon to the 'oan P ",t-
• - - ---- ----

1 1 . Devah !!g!:�Qh�!!! varam yacchati - 'rhe deity gives El.

"
boon �2_�g�_!!!'
•

1 2. Devah �§!'E��Q��h varam yacchati The deity gives a boon to -the men
.. • - -- - -
-
- - --

-
1 3. Sunakhah narat tr.l.syati - The dog gets fear from the man
• -- - -- - - -----

1 5. Sunakhah ��E��h��h trasyati - The dog gets fear from �h� _ ���
•

1 6. Aham !!::!:Eg��g. g�hal!l gacchami - 1 go to the house 2£_:"';!!!�_!!}�!!

17. Aham ��!:��2h grham• gacchami - I go to the house 2;t_:!:h�_��2_!!.1�!!
• 0

18. Aham !!g!:g!!�!!! grham gacchami - I go to the house 2!:_�h�_2!��

. . .

1 9. Y(lksah n are vi� Vasam karoti - �rhe devil believes in man

· . ---- . - - ----

20. Yak�ah !!�E��2h vi�vas� karoti - The devil believes !!!_�h�_�!!'2_��!!

. .. . -_.

21. Yaksah nn,resu vi � va.s:.1.m karoti - The devil believes in men

------
· . ----�- .

22. He nara, atra�accha 0 man, coine here

23. He �u , atragacchat'aip er .tw.Q" men, _comet':here
-

V�,
24. He narah, u.tragn,cchata 0
-

men, come here

�
-

12
 Lesson 4 - Declension of Nouns

4. 1 We should notice that the Sanskrit nOill1S are declined in

the three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter - purusa- •

linga, strl .-.linga, napums

.
akaling a ) as well as in three numbers

(singular, dual and plural - ekavacana, dvillTac[1na, bahuv/),cano.)

in addition to the eight cases.'

��E���!!hs�_ :_M��2�!!g� _ Q�g��E - g���_�� �!gg_!g_Y���!�:�Y�E�g!�

�h�_ �2� _ ��Y�_ = _ ��! �l
'S
inGu l ar D ual Plural
P. devah •
devau devnh.
D. devam devau devn,n
T. devena devabhyam devaih
D.
•

devaya devabhyam devebhyah

.
1!. devat devabhyam devebhyaJ:,1
S. devasya deveiyop devrmam
s. deve devn.yol1 devesu
.
A. he deva he devau he devph.

lit The nouns ghata, po.t.a, stambha, kumbha etc. are similarly declined.
.

�h�_ �2��_ ���!_:_Eh��g��_ y!�. �. �

harih. hn.ri haraYal}
harim hari hn.rin
harina
.
haribhyam haribhih.
haraye haribhyam haribhyah ..
hareh. haribhyam ho.ribhyal}
hareh
..
. hary0J;,1 harinam
.
harau haryoh. hari�u
-
he hare he hari he haraya�

sakha sakhayau sakhayal}

sakhayam sakhaynu sakhin
s akhY'8. sakhibhyam s akhibhi l>-
salchye sakhibhyam sa khibhyatJ.
sakhyuh. s allIhi bhyaITI saknibhyah •

sakhy� sakhyoJ;,1 sakhlnrun

-
sakhye.u sakhyoh .
sakhisu.
he sakhe he sa k hayau he sakhoyal;

13
 pnt1h
-

•
pati patayah
pat1rn
- .

pati
-

patin
pa.tyii: patibhyam patibhih
peatye
.

pntibhyiim patibhynl].
patyuq. patibhyam patibhynh
pe&tyutl
. ..

patyol} patilliJ.m
patyt.\u pat�o!J. pati�u
h' pate he pati he patnyah
..

�bl.Dgye_��g�_=_!h�_§�g
bh�n� bhPnu bhanavah
bh'Mum
..

bhanu bhanW1
bhinuna bhanubhyam bhD,nubhih .

bhin�ve bhanubhyam bh'DnubhYB.h ..

bhA,no� bhanubhyam bhanubhyah ..

bhMo�
-

bhanvoh bhanunam
bh'Mau
.

bhanvoh bhanusu
ho
.. .

bb'ino he bhanu he bhanavah •

l'I.D2�n_�!�£_:�f��h��
•

piti pitarau pitarah ..

plte\ram pitar au pitrun

pltro. pitrbhyam
.
p�trbhih
. ..

pitZ'. pitrbhyam
•
pitrbhyah
. ..

pltub pitrbhy�.m pitrbhyah

(

• .. .. .

pltuh "
pitroh .
pitrunam
pltar! pitrol.,l pitrsu. :.,
b. p:Ltah
.. .

•
he pitarau he pitarah ..

nIP. narau nar ah

-

naZ'am
-

narau nrun
nZ'o. nrbhyam nrbhih
-

.. · ..

nZ'. nrbhyam n.rbhyah

nuh
• · ..

nrbhyam nrbhyah
• . .. ..

nu�
-

nroh nrnarn
nrlri
.
· .

nroh nrsu
he nah
.

he naraU he narah
• ..

14
The noun Ke.rtr - doer
--- --
----------------
.

kA.rta kartar�.u ko.rtarah .

kart;ram kn.rtarau kartrun

kartrn. kartrbhyaITI
.
kartrbhih . ..

kartre kartr:,...bhyam
.
kartr�.bhyah . .

kartuh •
kartr .... bhy"fi.ITI
..
kartr�bhyah ..
�

kartuh .
kartroh ..
lcartrunam
kartari kartroh ..
kartrsu
" ..

he kartah ..
he kartarnu he kartarah ..

The noun Go - bull

--- -- ----- - - - --- --

gauh •
gavau gavah•
gA.ll1 gah
-

gavau
-

gava gobhyam .
gobhih ..

gave gobh�Dm gobhya�

goh •
gobhyam gobhy al}
goh ..
guvoh .
gavnm
gavi gnvoh gosu

I
. ..

he gauh he go.vau he ga. VRl}

§!i!!!� g�_=_f��!�!��_g��g�E_=_�2��_��g!�g_!�_!2��!�_=_�!�Ei
"
•

ganga gange gangah

. -

..

gangaq.
•

gangam gange
gengabhy gangabhi 1J.
-

gango.ya am
.

gangayai gangabhYam gangabht al}

gangayah gangabhyam gangabhyah
. -

gang£\yah
• ..
-

gongayoh ganganam
. -

•
.. ..

gangayam gangoyo!?- gangasu

he gange he g8,nge he gangaJ::

buddhih ..
buddhi buddh� a.l}
buddhim buddhi �
.buddhih..
buddhyii buddhibhyam ·buddhibhih ..

buddhyai,buddhDye buddhibhyam buddhibhynl!

buddhy8h,buddheh · ..
buddhibhyam buddhibhyah .
-
-

buddhyah,buddheh buddhyoh buddhinam

• • ..

buddhyalll,buddhau buddhy0 !J. buddhisu ..

he buddhe he buddhi he buddhayah

15
..
 -
nadi nn.dyO,u nady �
nadirn nndyau nadih..
nadya nadibhyam nadibhih.
lladyai nadibhya.m nadlbhya.{l
nadya� nadibhy[i.m nadlbhyah•
nady� nadY0 !l nadinn.m
nadyam nndyoh
. nHdi�u
-
he nadi he nadyau he nadyn�

The noun Stri - woman

- - --
--- - ---------- -- -

striyau striyal}
-
striya.m,strim striyau striyah,strih
. .
striya stribhyam stribhih.
striYl3.i stribhyam str:ibhyal:
I
striyah stribhyam strbhyah
.
• "
striy8.h ·
striyoh
,. strIn:9m
.
striyn.m striyoh
.. strisu
.
he stri he striyau he striyah.

dhenuh
.. dhenu dhenavnh •

dhenum dhenu dhenuh

.
edhenva dhenubhyam 'dhenubhih •

dhenvo'i,dhenave dhenubhy'D.m dhenubhyah

•

dhenv8.h,dhenoh
. . dhenubhynm dhenubhyah
. ·

dhenvBh,dhenoh · .
dhenvoh •
dhenUnB.m
dhenvam,dhenau dhenvoh. dhenusu•

he dheno he dhenu he dhenavah

•

The noun Vadhu - wife

--- -- - -- - -- - --- ----- -
vadhuh
. vadhvnu vadhvah..
vadhulll vadhvA.u vadhuh ·

vadhva vadhubhyam vadhubhih.

vadhvai vadhubhyam vadhubhY al}
vl..l.dhvah
. vadhubhyam vadhubhyal?-
vadhvr:dl
•
ve.dhvoh.. vadh'Unam
vadhvam vadhvoh •
vadhusu ·

he vadhu he vadhvau he vadhvah •

16
Bhuh .
bhuvo.u bhuvah .

bhuvn.rn bhuvau bhuvrth .

bhuva bhubhyo.m bhubhih .

bhuvai,bhuve bhubhy?:i.m bpubhynl}

bhuvah,bhuvah. .
bhubhyurn bhubhyo.1].
bhuvn.h, bhuvnh
. .
bhuvoh ·
bhuvam,bhUn8.m
bhuvam,bhuvi bhuvoh ·
bhusu .

he bhUh .
he bhuvau he bhuvah •

mn.tu matarau matarah .

li1atar fl.m mtttarau matrlin

matra matrbhy�m
.
matrbhih ..

matre matrbhyam
•
mntrbhyah
• •

matuh ·
m-;.t!,bhyam mntrbhyah
· ,

matuh ·
mn.troh .
ffiatrtmam .

matari m8.trop matrsu · .

he Illatah• he ma:barau he mataroh

•

no.uh•
navau navah .

nav'ah
-

navam navau
naubhih•
-

naVB. naubhyam
-

nave naubhyam naubhyah ·

navah ·
naubhyam naubhyah
•

n7;.vah navol} navam

•

navi navoh
•
naUSU
.

he nauh he navau he navoh

• •

17
kulnm kule kulani
kulnm kule kulani
kulena kuiabhyam kulaih .

kul�y(l kulabhy8.m kulebhyah .

kuiat k.ul"A.bhyam kulebhyah·

�
.

kulusya kulnyoh ..
kuio.n'7:lm
lcule kulayoh kulel:!u
he lculu
.

he kule he kul."l.ni

�bl_B2�Q_ygr!_:_�g��r
.. - - - -

vL\r1 varini vari:t;,li

-

vur1 vari�l varlni .

-

vb.ribhyam w'tribhih
-

var1na
• ·

varibhyo.m v:1ribhyol}
-

var1ne
•

varibhy aI:
-

var1nah
• •
varibhysm
v'irinsh
• •
varinoh . .
varinam .
-

varinoh varisu
-

var1n1
• • • •

h' vare, vuri

..

he varini .
he varini ·

�b!_n2�_���h�_:_h2g��
> "

111D.dhu madhuni madhuni

mC.l.dhu i11adhuni madhtmi
Inl.dhun[,. m'!.dhubhyam rnadhubhih•
IModhune lIIatlhubhyam lUudhubhyah
•

madhunnh ..
madhubhyam madhubhyo.h ·

madhunf:1h .
llladhunoh ·
madhUnam
rnudhuni madhunoh madhusu
h. lIIadho,madhu
· .

he madhuni he madhuni

The noun Kartr - doer

--------------------­
.
-

kartr kartrni kartruni 0

.. " "-

knrtr
•
kartrni kartriini ·

ko.rtr'O. kart:rbhy-am kl.rtrbhih . .

kartre kart:rbhy8.m kartrbhyah • 0

kartuh 0
kurtrbhynrn kartrbhyah . .

kartuh .
kartroh': ..:.r:. .-
kartrunam ·

kal·tari ko.rtroh kn.rtrsu .

he kartnh
· ..

.
he kartrni he kartruui ·
. �

18
 '-)lW-" " y...... @f

e�����!�_=_2�������!��_�f_Y�E��!_E����
1. Present Tense - Lat .

ti tah .
anti bhavati
.:. .
- bbnv8,
"
tnh
.
.-
bha V.J1P.�;}'
si thah thr-) I bhn.ya�4- bl1
. ,t bh·1.v8:'tha
!'
• ... V�' "
.. •

mi vah .
m� 1?p.�vanu. bhavavah
. .._- ....
_. -
bhavallgili -

2. karta VYnrthop .ldes al;

..

-
Lin -

yo.t yntam yult bhllvet bhavet(;JI1 bhaveyuh

..

y8.h yato,m yuta bhnveh bhavetom bhnveta

., •

yam ynva ynma bhaveyam bhnvevn bh.':lveml?

J.
,
-

IGt asihpreranayoh
-
-

.. .. .

tu tarn antu bhavatu bhave.tr.m bhnvnntu

hi tarn tn bh(l.va bhavatern bhavf'l.ta
-;i. n i t:". v a am 0. bhavani bhavavn bhr'l.vama

Past Tense - LaD.

t tn.m an abhavn..t abhs.vatam abhavan
s tarn ta abhavnh ..
gbhavo.t om nbhavntn,
am VD. mB. nbhavrun abhaVn.vD, abhavn.ma

Past Tense - Lit•

a atuh
..
uh babhuva babhuvntuh babhuvuh
0 • ..

tha athuh• rJ. babhuvitha babhuvathuh babhuva

" •
-

a vu. mn. babhuva babhuvlva babhuvima

.
6. Lin - asisl
-,

..

yat ye.stnm yasul} bhuyat bhuyast8m bhuyasuh •

yel} y'astam yasta bh'Uy"Oh ..

bhuyastnm bhUyasta
yasam yasva yasmn bh1i.y8.sam bhuyasvH bh.uy;sma
Future - Lut ..

ta tarau tarah •
bhavita bhavit'8,rau bhavitarah .

tagi tasthGh ...

tasthn bhavitasi bhavitasthnl2- bhavitast
-

t;;:smi tasvah tasmnh •

bhavitasmi bh').vit'D,svn.h
•
bhavitnsm
3.
..

FutUre - Lrt . ..

syati syatoh •
sYDnti bhavlsyati ..
bhavisyatah
. . .
bhavi�Yfl
syasi syathah s;jntha bhavisY(J..si. bhavisyathah .
bhavisya .
.. .. .

bhavisy
-

sy-;.mi syavnh syamAh bhavi sy'Om!

•
bhA.visyavah
"
.. • . ..

9. Lrn - kriYatikrama
.

syat syatam syan abhavi�yat abhavisY,ltam •

abhavis .

syah .
syatam syata abhavisyah .. .
nbhavisyatam ..
abhavis •

abhavi'2yam nbhavisyava abhavis

-

syam syava syama .. •

19 .
 The joining of two let ters or sounds for easy pronunciation
is called sandhi. Normally this j oining or combination occurs
be tween the las t let ter of the first word and the first lett er
of the second letter. The former, if i t i s a vowel, i s called
'purvasvard ' and if a consonant 'purvavyanjana'. The latter is
oalled ' p arasvard ' and ' paravyanjana' respectively. The following
exr�mple wi ll clarify the faot •
.,...

e.g. gauri + atra � gaurl - purvasvara

atra - p arasvara
sat + mama - sat. - purvavyanj ana
. . �

mama - p aravyanjana
In snndhi s of vowel s and consonant s, the following me thods are
normally us ed.
lopa - elision(after eli s ion we can apply s ome o ther sandhi rules
at the p l ace where the elis ion o ccured)
lopa� - elision (aft er thi s eli sion we canno t apply any o ther sandhi
rul e at the p l ace where the lop a6-elision occured)
- ,
adesa - changing or rep l acing
iSama - inserting
..
c1irgha - l engthening
hras va - shortening
dv1t va - doubling or reduplicat ing
Aooord1ng to the Sanskri� traditi onal grammar, the s andhi s are
normally fourfold . "

1. svarasandhi - vowel s andhi

11. prakrtibhavasandhi
.
- the sp eci al cont ext s where the sandhi rules
are no t applied�
111. vyanj�nasandh1 - cohs onant sandhi
lv. visargas�ndhi - the s andhi s that occur in connection wi th the
cons onant ' hI which is called vi s arga .
1. Vowel sandhi :
i. i yall} svare - i and i ape'� changed' irito,; ' y ' when followed
by a vowel .
e.g. gauri+atra - gauryatra
dadhi+anaya - dadhyanaya
i i. u vam - u and U are changed into ' v ' when followed by
a vo wel .
e.g . madhu+atra - madhvatra
madhu+ari� - madhvari�
vadhu'l-B.sanam - vadhvasanam

20
iii . rt ram - ri and ri are changed into ' r ' when fo llowed by
a vowel.
e. g . pitr+arth� - p i trarthaq
me.tr+arth� - me. trarthal:
iv. lri lam - lri and lri are changed into '1 ' when followed by
11 • •

a vowe l.
e . g . lri+anubandhah
. .
- " lanuDandhah.
lri+akrtih
. . ...
- lakrtih
. .

v . e ai - e is changed into ' ay ' when followed by a vowel.

e . g . ne +anam - nayanam
vi . 0 av - 0 i s changed into ' av ' when followed by a vo we l.
e . g • . bho +ati - bhavati
go +aks. ah. - gavaksah
. .

go+indra� - gavendr�
vii . a i e - a and a toge ther with i and i are changed into f e '
e ai ai - e i s changed into f� t ai ' •

e . g • . sva+iri:�.li - svairiJ.?-i
vi i i . · u 0 - a and a toge ther wi th u and u are changed into '0 ' .

o av av - 0 i s changed into ' av ' .

e . g . aksa+uhini
.
- aks. auhin.1
ix . ai 8.y - ai i s changed into ._'r ' ay ' when followed by a vowel .
e. g. nai+akah
-
. - nayakah.
x . av av - av i s changed into 'av ' when fol lowed by a vowel.
e . g . tav +iha - taviha
,, - -
xi. yvor lop as va padante - the l e t�ers ' y ' and ' v ' at the end
the words are some t i mes elided.
e . g . t e +agatal]. - tay+a.gatal]. - t a agatal: - tayagatal).
t asmai+e tat - t asmay + e t at - tasma e tat - tasmaye tat
p ato
.
+iha - p at. av+iha - p at. a iha - p at. aviha
tav+imav - tav+imav - ta imav - tavimav
xii . edo t o t ah - a is e lided when preceded by ' e t and '0 ' .
.

e . g . te +atra - t et ra
p a�o� atra . - p at o tra
xii i . s avarne
. dirghah. saha - two s imilar vowels are changed in
a single l ong vowel o f the· same kind .
e . g . sraddha+atra - �raddhatra
-

dadhi +iha - dadhiha

madhu+udakam - madhudaka�
bhanu+udayah. - bhanudayon.
p i tr
.
+rnam
. .
- p i t .rumam
..

21
 wi thr the fo l l o wing consonant
xi v . h alade r i �a.d a v � erlopo vak t a vya I: - the purvas vara '
l'

-
o £ the words hala e t c . i s elided when fo llowed by the wo rds

' i�a ' etc .

e . g . hala +i �a - hali�a
langal a +l s a - langall s a
m ana +l s... a
• 4

mant s.. s
-
, ,
.. - s �tkandhuh.
s aka+andhuh
.. - karkandhuh.
karka+andhuh
. -
sim� tn +antah .
s i mantah

kula+a �s - kula �a +0-

patat+a.nj alil}. - p apj aliJ;.1
sara+angah.. - sar angah.
XV. o manavap i - omi nit yam - a and a ar e elided when fo llowed by
, om ' and ' a ' .
e . g . adya+om - udyom
-
�s iva ta+ihi - s i vehi
s vara+om - s varom
, i.
xv ri
. ar - a and a followed by ri . ..
and ri t o gether become ' ar '

e . g . tava+riddhi� - tavarddhi�
kvacidar - sometimes they be come ' ar '
e . g . r in a+rinam - rinarnam
�sI ta+ritah - 'sI tartah
• • 1 " • ..

. . ..
xvii . lri al - a and a followed by lri .. and lri
.
together be come ' aI '
.
e . g . tava+lrikarah
..
- tavalkarah..
If
"

22
 . � .

2. rrak: tibhavas andhi - the sp ecial cont ext s where the s�ndhi
rul es are no t app lied .
i . nami - the nominati ve plural form of the noun ' adas ' - that
i s the noun ' ami ' should no t be combined with other
nouns .
e . g . aml +adi ty8h - ami udityah
. .

ii . yve dvit ve - the dual forms of the nouns ending wi th the

vowels ii ' , 'u ' and ' e ' , are no t combined wi t
the o ther nouns excep t s ome nouns ' ma�i ' etc.
e �.g . agnl +atra - agnI atra
p a�u+atra - pa�u atra
male �anaya - mal e anaya
mani +i va - maniva
• •
- -

rodasi +i va - rodas i va
dampatl +i va - dampatl va
j amp a ti riva - j ampativa
j ayapatl +i va - jayapatl va
iii . av nipat ag - the p articl es ending with the vowels ' a ' an I
' 0 ' as well as the particles of one SYllab l �
are not co�bined wi th the o ther nouns .
e . g . a evam manyas e
-

no atra s that avyam

u utt i s t a
i indr� T p O:Sya
a apehi If

iv. p lutah - p luta i s no t combined with the o ther nouns .

.
' p lut
me ans the nouns ending with the vowe l s which hav
thre e moras . In Sanskrit there are nouns ending
with the vowels which have one mora , t wo moras an
the three moras . The 7.s ounds of three moras are cal
' p luta ' . Pluta i s used when calling someone from
dis t ance and crying e t c .
e . g . Devadat t a , ehi ; De vad8.tt a , atra gav8carat L
. v . haihayol} S Vare sandhirna vakt avyah - the particle ' he ' used
.

wi th the vocative forms is no t combined wi th the !

o ther nouns when followed by a vowe l .

vi .
e . g . he enadvan ,
. .

ri t av s a�ano va - the vowel s a, i , u , ri , lri wi th their long

• are no t combined with the n'Hm'� r:ht u when it foll ows the
l
vowels . e . g . hima+ri tuJ;.1 - himartu:t:
excep tion - himar.l tuh.
�

23
 .,

3 . Consonant Sandhi :

i. capS. ab e jab� - caps( oa.: �rt to. ko. Po. ) are changed into
j aba( j A. qn da gEt br:d when followed by
aba ( a a i I u u ri rl lri
,
lrl e ai 0
A.V ha ye vu ra I n no. ne nO. no. ma jha
. .. .

<}.ha dha ghB. bha ja do. da ga ba ) .

•

e . g . s. at" +atra - aadatra

� .

vak+ya the - vagyath;,

- -

kakup t-eindri - kakub8.indri

"" ..._ . \ _ "" some ti mes
i1 . name nama va '- 'cap a areIt. changed into nama when followed by
....
nama .
e . g . vak+matram - vanmatram, vagmatram
.
s at t-mama - sanmama, sadmama
. , .. . ..

ci t +m ayam - ci nmayam
so met imes
- . I 'l ' .j:'" , I
iii . capaccha., " sa� - s a i s ;\ changed into cha when preceded by
'oap a'.
1- - 1 -
e . g . vak+surap - vakchura�, vaksur�

i v. ho jhabhah - �ha' i s t:omet 1 mes changed into \jhabh � when

·

preceded by \oap a�
..\
e . g . tat +havih - taddhavih, t adhavih
'" ·
.
..

vak+hari� - vaghhari�, v8ghari�

kakup +hasah - kakubbhasah, kakubhasah • •

v. s tol]. scubhi � scuh - in combination of ' sa ' - t a tha da dha na

,
.

and ' sa ' - ca cha j a jha na, they ape changed

, M
into ' sa ' and ca,. cha ja jha no. accordingly.
,
e . g . kas t-carati - kascarati
1- 1 1 -
kas +surah - kas surah · ..

tat +ci tram - taccitram

-
tat +sas tram - tacchas trrun
, -

vi . na sat - ta the da dha na are not changed into ca cha ja jha

� /
na when p receded by ' s a '
e . g . v1hnah , p ra�na�
. .

vii , s tubhlh" s tuh - in the combination

. . .
be tween ' s a ' - ta tha
da dha na and ' sa ' t o. tha
"
do. dha no. , they are changed . . . .. .

into ' sa ' - t o. tha da dha na accordingly .

. . . . ..

e . g . kas +sastah - kas s as"" t ah

, _ . .. . . . .

kas +tikate - kas t i kate

�- .' .-

tat +tikat e - tatti kate

. . .

tat +tIka - tattika .. .

24
vi i i . t o rl i l� - tu tha da dha na are changed i n t o ' I ' whe n
by ' la ' .
fo l l o we d

e . g . tat+lunat i - tallunat i
ix . nah sak chate - ' s ' i s augmented �fter the nouns ending in
I •
' n ' when followed by chata .

e . g . raj an+ci tram - raj anscitram

bhavan+tano t i - bhavanst ano t i
x . khas e capa j hasanam - ' j hasa' are changed into 'capa' when fo Il
\ I
by khasa. .
e . g . t ava +chatrnm - tavacchatram
mlechah. - mlecchah.
l aksmlchaya
-
- laksm1cch
.
aya
xi . monus varah ' m ' at the end of a word i s changed into 'm '
·

\ ,
when followed by hasa.
e . g . t arn + hasat i - t arn has at i •

patum .!- vrtha.

". .
- p atum
. .
vrtha '

' m ' at the end of a s ingl e word i s chunged into ' m

.
'
excep t ionally .
e . g . de vam , devam
-
•

, -
xii . nascap adante j has e - ' n' and ' m ' in the mids t of the wor
are changed into ' � ' when followed by � hasa �
e . g . yasansi - yasamsi
•

kamsah. - kamsah
. .

pumbhyam - pumbhyam
,�
•
I
by
""" " -
xiii . nama yap e sya - ' m' i s changed into nama when followed
¥

\ yapo..�

e . g . �a.mtah - �a.ntah.
· .

tarn
•
karo t i - t ankato t i
tarn tano ti - t antano t i
·

t arn j8ilat i
•
tanjanat i _.

xi v. mahI> s vare - ' rn ' i s changed in to ' m ' when followed by A. VO

e . g . kim• + as t i - k imas ti

25
 , ,
, '.
4 . Vi sargas andhi :
� ,
i . vis arj aniyasya sah - vis arga i s changed int o ' s ' when
;
fo llowed by khasa�
e. g . k� tano t i - kas tano t i
ii. �a�ase va· - visarga is changed into ' s ' when foll owed
by a a' , s• a and sa excepti onally •
I I I
e . g . ka\l s � t Et - kas s ete \-, .
kah saadah - kassandah
. .. , .. � ..
. . . ." .

ka.h
.
sadhuh - kassadhuh
. �

iii . ahno: '.) rora.tri�u - the vi s arga at the end 9f the noun
'ahan' i s changed into ' r ' when fo llowed by the nouns
excep t the noun group rat ri etc .
e . g . ahah p atih - aharpatih
. .
�

ahah ganah - aharganah

., • 4 • •

excep ti on : ahah rupam - aho rup am �

ahah
.
rathant aram - ahorathant aram
i v. ato tyuh - vis arga preceded by 'a ' i s changed into ' u '
•

when fol lowed by ' a' .

e . g . kah arthah
• •
- korthah
•

v. habe - vi s arga p. receded by ' a ' i s changed int o ' u ' when
I ,
followed by haba,
e . g . kah
.
gat ah
.
- ko gatah �

deveh yat i - devo yatm

·

manah
.
rathah, - manorathah
.
- I "
vi . adabe l opas - vi s .').rga pre c eded by a and a i s elided when
followed by ' aba�
e . g . devah atra - deva atra
•

vii . s vare yatva� va - ' vi s arga preceded by a and a ia changed

into ' y' when followed by a vowel . ( exeep tionally )
e . g . devah• atra - devayatra, devs atra
I , . I
vii i . bhosah - vi sarga at the end of the words bho s , bhago s
•

, ' I
and • agho s i s el ided when fol lo wed by aba .
e . g . bhoh. ehi - bho ehi
bhagoh• nama s t e - bhago namaste
aghoh yat i - agho yati
•

26
ix. namino ra� - vi s arga pre c e d e d by t h e vowe l s exc e p t a and u
is changed into ' r ' when followed by ' aba.
e . g o agni� atra - agniratra
p atuh
. .
y a j ate - paturyaj
.
at e
x . rephaprakrtikasya. khap e vii - some t i me s vis argn. . which i s
•

o riginally affil iated wi th ' r ' i s changed int o

' r ' when fol lowed by ' khap a.
e . g . gih patih - girpat ih
• 6 •

dhU9 pati� - dhurp ati�

xi . rah
-
- vi sarga which i s originally affiliated with ' r ' is
changed into ' r ' when followed by 'aba'.
e . g � prat � atra - pratarat ra
ant ah. gatah. - ant argatah-
xii . rilopo di rghas ca - ' r ' i s elided when followed by ' r ' and
the purvasvara i s al so l engthened . I
e . g . punah. rarnat e-punar rarnat e-puna rarnat e-puna rama
suktih rupyatmana.- suktir rup ya tmano.- sukti rupya1
•

suk tl rupyatmana
xi ii . saisaddhas
•
e - vi s arga prec eded by the two nouns ' sa ' and
I '"
' e �a ' i s elided when followed by has a .
e . g . sah
•
carati - sa carati
e s ah
..
hasat i - e sa
.
has ati
-
I
xi v. kvac innarninobe lopas - vi s arga pre ceded by the vo wel s
a 8nd a , is e lided when fo l lowed by 'ab a. (
l ly ) . ,

e . g . bhurnih• adade - bhurni adade - bhurnyadade .

 Les s o n 7 - Ind eclina b les

Indeclinables are divided into two main groups:

"
l. ind eclinable particles ("ipata) :
e.g.
ca �- ami, also
va - or
eva - emphasis, certainly
evam - thus
"",,am - certaillly (imagille)
svasti - may (you) be well alld happy
atha - then
hyas - yesterday
svas - tonwrrow
salra - with
llamas - to worship or respect
bh "yas - aga;"
[te - except, without
alam - Ilseless
tatra - there
atra - here
klltra - where
kada - whell
kva - where
sarvada - everyday
tatha - so
tata� - therefore, they
yata� - because
kascit - certaill
sadya� - at ollce
adya - today
sapadi - at ollce
adlllllla - 1l0W
idallim - 1l0W
samprati - 1l0W
sigh ram - SOOIl

1I. Prefixes (upasarga) :

pra, para, apa, sam, allll, ava, dus, Ilir, (Iur, vi, Ili, atlhi, ati, Sll,
ut, abM, prati, pari, upa,

28
 The indeclinable particles can be used anywhere in a sentence. They have their
own meanings and are very useful in conveying various ideas. They are used alone in the
sentences and do not change their fonns.

The prefixes should be connected with the verbs and nouns and they are added to
the beginning of them. Mostly they change the meaning of nouns and verbs and
sometimes they do not influence the meaning of them.

e.g. ahllL+ dlzarma special doctrine

tlur_+ jtllltl bad people
(ullzi +gacclzati (goes) understands
JIL + mallas good mind
allll + gata (gone) followed
dll.s_+ mrita bad behaviour
sam + slira existence
ava + bOtllza understanding

Less o n 8 - Compound Nouns

When two or more nouns are joined together to make one noun, it is called
'Samlisa' (compound). Before joining' the nouns should be in their original fonn (stem)
and the nouns which are to be joined should have a relationship in meaning. There are
several ways of combining nouns:
"

I. avyayiblzliva combination of nouns with indeclinables

e.g. Ilpakllmblzam, Ilirmak�ikam, yatlzlisakti

11 .tlltpllrll�ll combination of two nouns of which

the first member should be in a case from
accusative to locative before joining.

e.g. grlinulIit prlipta{l - grlinwprlipta{l

dlitre"ll c1,illllaJn - diitracchilllUUI1
yiipliya dlim - yripatllirll
vrkeblzyo blzaYaJil - vrkab/zayam
r�;iia{l pllru�a�l - r�;apllrll�a�l ...
ak$e$1l sall,,"a�l - ak$asau,,{la{r

29
 .
Ill.
. .

dVlIlldVtl combination of two or more nouns which are in

same case before joining and mostly connected by
the particle "Cll " means "and, also".

e.g, ilglliJcll miirllttl.l;ctl - tlgillimiirlltllll

aglli.fca sonul.fctl - tlgllisoIJUlll
ptlrtl.fca ptlrtl.fca - parasparllfll

IV. hallllvrilti the meanings of the combined nouns refer to an

external meaning after the combination.

e.g. d(l1JcJp'ii�li�l - a person who has a stick in his hand

dharllUlbllddhi�l - a person who has a knowledge in dharma
ktlr(l{lhalla�l - a person who has wealth in his hand.

In the above examples the individual nouns refer to some things. They do not
refer to persons as individual nouns.

v. karllUldhiiraytl - combination of the nouns which are used as

qualifiers and the qualified .

e.g. Ililotpllitlm - blue lily

rtlktlllatli - red creeper
klil((va�lllln - a little salt

VI. dvigll combination of nouns as in the karllUldhiiraya

b ut the qualifier should always refer to a number.

e.g. Iribllllvallilm tree worlds

-

paiiciig/lllya�l five kinds of fire

-

paiicagll - five oxen

30
 Lession 9 - Taddhita- Seco ndaty De rivatives

There is a special group of suffixes which are added to the end of nouns to make
new kind of nouns. TheS'e '. suffixes possess their own meanings and some of them are as
follows :

e.g. vasJ�{llll + a =
vlisi�{llll{l son of vasi�{llll (a means son)
-

karIJli{a + k =
klirlJlilaka{l - one born in kar�lli{a
(k means born)
gha{a + val = gllll{aval :" as a pot (val means as)
. bruhnulIJa + lli = brlillllUlIJalli brahminship(lu means state of
-

being)
= krpulll{l - kind person (Ill means endowed
with)
gllIJa + val = gll�1Uval - virtuous (val means
endowed with)
It should be noted that the beginning vowels of the nouns are sometimes changed
when the suffixes are added. Those changes are explained in the sixth lesson.

Lession 10 Krdanla - Participles

Participles are derived from the verbal roots. They refer to the tenses present, past
and future. There is a large number of suffixes which are added to the end of the verbal
roots in order to derive participles. There are some suffixes which are generally called
indeclinable participles such as to infinitives a�d absolute participles. Generally
participles are nouns and they should be declined in the noun cases before using in the
sentences. Although they are nouns they can also be used instead of verbs. In such
instances they are normally used with helping verbs.

I. past participles
gllm + III = galll (gone)
gam - to go

dam + III = ,flillla. (restrained)

dam to restrain
-

grh + III = grltila (taken)

grh to take
-

vitl + III = vetlilll (known)

vid - to know

prll + up + III = praplll (arrived)

up - to arrive

31
 Lession 9 - Taddhita - Secondaty De.-ivativcs

There is a special group of suffixes which are added to the end of nouns to make
new kind of nouns. The�e suffixes possess their own meanings and some of them are as
fol lows:

e. g. vtl!!.:i�{IUl + a =
viisi�{llll{l - son of vasi�{IIa (a means son)
karQiila + k =
kiirlJiitaka{l - one born in kar�lii{a
(k means born)
gllll{tl + vat = glIa{aval- as a pot (vat means as)
briilll1UIQtl + tii = briilmulIJatii - brahminship(tii means state of
being)
= krpiilll{l - kind person (Ill means endowed
with)
gllQa + vat =
gll�tavat - virtuous (vat means
endowed with)
It should be noted that the beginning vowels of the nouns are sometimes changed
when the suffixes are added. Those changes are explained in the sixth lesson.

Lession 10 Krdanta - Participles

Participles are derived from the verbal · roots. They refer to the tenses present, past
and future. There is a large number of suffixes which are added to the end of the verbal
roots in order to derive participles. There are some suffixes which are generally called
indeclinable participles such as to infinitives aijd absolute participles. Generally
participles are nouns and they should be declined in the noun cases before using in the
sentences. Although they are nouns they can also be used instead of verbs. In such
instances they are normally used with helping verbs.

I. past participles
gam + ta = gata (gone)
gam - to go

dam + ta = {liillta. (restrained)

dam - to restrain

grII + ta = gr"ita (taken)

grit - to take

vid + ta = vedita (known)

vid - to know

pra + lip + ta = prapta (arrived)

lip - to arrive

31
ii. present participles:

galll + ilia =
gaccllallta (going)
gam to go (stem gacclw)
- -

some verbal roots change their fonns before conj ugation. The changed
fonn is called "stem" .

vat/ + ilIa = v(ul(mla (speaking) - vad to speak

-

t/li + ilIa = dat/allta (giving) t/li to give (stem - dada)

-

billy + ilIa =
hllIlniallta (eating) hllI�i to eat (stem - hlllliija)
-

pli + ilIa = pihtillta (drinking) pli to drink (stem piha)

- -

.
111.
. .

to infinitives:

hIllY + tllm = hlwklum (to eat) hIlly to eat (stem hll Ilnja)
- -

gflfit + tllm = galllunt (to go)

kar + tum = kartum (to do )

IV. absolute participles :

gllm + tvii = gatvli (havmg gone)

tlii + tvli = datve; (having given)

pac + Ivli = paktva (having cooked)

pm + lip + ya = prlipya (having arrived)

v. krtya participles :

gam + lavyll = gtllltaV)'a (should be gone)

+
"-

= (/litavya (should be given)

dli tavya

kllr + Illvya = karltlvya (should �e done)'

32
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36
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37
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10
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R��l artirr;r� q:qj�r�srfu��R�rqj mfG� �f}:�t1ffirrr '1" �Cfit WTrOT-

38
 ® .
E[Gl�� , SI�PU�Clr
"' ,
' .
.

[ 11 Wlm l{fJ�r aTr.tST�Tqytfi:r(f'� I ' 11

� �T �� 1 �qiftl{� �1{� +J1F.rF{ �i

�Q:�Rt ,� �� aFfTqfq��mit �T �ti�
�Nic�l{��r+Jftl�: ti��&l i[)N'a-.J�le:J: I aN
,� �rrm ��tt1��1+i� Rcrr� qlijT.ftcrr+ir.t'T� ��
;r&'I-1.:I (i fqllGTl{ ,SrWr�� ,i ' �1 � �·ICCI'" ��
+iQ:I��lt1 f� :qmerT �m�: qm� �fq�qm.
srf(f�: Qlij:ql6H' Slfctmi:� qm SI��� �t(1�Q\. �i\ltt
' f!�ttr�; 'i��+il �l{ � �. C1iP:t trMtfT� srt. ' �.
,
!rl�� I W-T , � tii[�T Pt�OO it;{ �.I�iffi;i'tq.
'

6��'I �' 1 �ti�+q �.I-:f�: qffi f�OMtfllCl� ��

ftf:STi!ff�uft'i�aCTil;:ij, ;:l1tfl�� I
" ,6rr ,� ' !fi: �1{�Wll9;wtl� tNf(f�Q��� qqf<{
,

�f�td�ffi�Q\. �frrqolll : , I aTq ���I{� tFl�

3lTt1;:a��e�flii ��T qf�oi \ffis+i�'Si , 'l�i
�rcnJTcq �rr �rreriffl;:al�ffl5 �P.f l{f1q;:QitQi!f�:qQ\. I

' In Gilgit Mso, leaves 1 -4 are missing , so the missing portion

,
I '

is reproduced w i th cmenct:acions where necessary fr,om Maxmiiller's

, ,
eaition 'p'u�lishe:l in che ,Series : , Anecdora Oxoniensia, Oxford, i n
, 88 1 . '

39
 OV

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tlliblill1 :l�l1 �1i :Q�hlh , �teQlY11hllli�eJ �
•

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.

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hl� QQ I
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:h�.e QJ� ��le 11 l! Q�J:j H��l?\a

� P. 1. Jal:t�K wft..:utl!
 ,

The Siilistamba Siitra

1. Evarh m�Y4 srutam31 (ekasmin samaye] bhagav4n r4jalIThe viha­

rati grdhrakl1�e parvate mahat4bhik�usailghena s4rdham-ardhatra­
yodasabhir-bhik�usatai� sambahulais-ca bodhisattvair4 [mahiisa­
ttvai�1 tasmin samaye 4yu�m4n s4rip�tro. yena maitreyabodhisa,
ttvamah4sattvasya gantavya� pradesa{",tenopasamakramld, upa­
samkramyanyo 'nyam vividhasamYllk sammodaniyiirh katham vyati-
siirayitvii ubhau silatale nyal}idatam l \ l 5
•

2. Catha] 4yuljIman sariputro maitreyam bodhisattvam [ma-

. h4sattvam] etad avocat/ Cmaitreya, ady4tra bhagavata]
siilistambam-avalokya bhikljlubhya� sl1tram-idam-uktam yo bhi­
kljlava� pratItyasamutparlam pasyati sa dharmam pasyati, yo dha­
rmam pasyati. sa buddham pasyati, ity-uktv8 bhagll'Viims-tl1l}I).Im-ba­
bhl1val tadasya [maitreya] .bhagavatii3 bhiiljlitasya sl1trasya ko
'rtha�1 pratityasamutpada� katamaJ:! 1 dharmaJ:! katama�1 buddhaJ:!
katamal.tl katham ca pratrtyasamutpadam pasyan dharmam
pasyati41 [katham ca dharmam pasyan buddham pasyati lJ

3. e�am-ukte . maitreyo bodhisattvo mahasattva ayul}mantarh

sariputram4-etad-avocat [bhadanta s4riputraj yad-uktarh bhagava­
ta dharmasvamina sarvajiiena, yo bhik�ava.l.t pratityasamutpadam
pasyati sa dharmam pasyatil yo dharmam pasyati sa buddham
pasyati l tatra katamal.t pratItyasamutp!!.do nama, [pratitya­
samutpado n!!.ma yaduta asmin satrdam bhavati, asyotpadad idam·
utpadyate l!5 yadidam-avidyapratyaya}:l samskara}:l, samskiira­
pratyayam vijiiiinam, vijiianapratyayam namarl1parh, niimarl1pa­
pratyayam l}a9ayatanarh, l}a9ayatanapratyayal). sparsal).1 sparsapra­
tyayii vedan4, vedanapratyayii tr1}1).4, tnll).apratyayam-upiidiinarh,
upadanapratyayo bhaval). bhavapratyaya jiitil), jatipralya.yii ja­
riimaraI).asokaparidevadul)khadaurmanasyopiiyasa6 [bhaval1ti l
evam-asya kevalasya mahato dul;lkhaskandhasya samudayo bhava-

42
4, [t�t���idyanirodhat samskaranirodhai}, samskaranirodha.d
irodho. namarupa­
vijiiananirodho. vijiiananirodhan namarupan
nirod hat sparsanirodhai},
nirodhat I?a<;iayatananirodhai} I?a<.iayatana trl?l).anirodhas,
sparsanirodhad vedan aniro dho, vedan aniro dhat
anan irodh ad bhav anirodho,
t!�I.lanirodhad upadananirodha, upad arana sokap arideva
bhavanirodhaj jatin irodh o, jatin irodh aj jaram
hyan tel evam -asya keval asya
dui}khadaurmanasyopayasa] nirud
dui}k haska mlha sya nirod ho bhav ati\ ayam-ucyate
mahato
pratilyasamutpada [bhagavata] \ \

5,
_ ... "
{dharmah katamahl Ar a ta ' m - g �-tad!athii samyag
. .. ....

:' � -drl?til:t
samyak-sarhkalpah sa'mya v k �!�Y:�-�ar antal:t, �amyag-ajival:t
�
samyag-vyayamah' samyak1-smrtih samya -samadh ls-cal 2ayam,

� � �:: :�� :a , r
' '

aryastangamargah 'ti h , 0 , .

abhis�rhkl?ipya dh'ar a i y _ ;: : ��� � m -ca aikadhyam-

v

6, [tatra budd ho bhagavan

budd ha ity-ucyate, sa ar
kata-mah , I , Y?i.l sarvadharmavabodhii.d
r
ap ra ' aca u ca dha&asarrira rhs-c"a 6 '-
_

sampannah/, saiksa
, s '
aiksam
,
J n s s-
-ca d h arman pasyati
� "
l1J 7

7, 8Btatra kat�am p:atrtyasamutpadam pasyatil ihoktarh bhagava­

ta, ya l�a , � prat��yasam�tpadam satatasamitam nirjivam ya­
thavad-avlp�rltam-aJlVam9-aJatam-abh:utam-akrtaml0-asarhskrtam­
,
apratl�ham-analambanam sivam-abhayam-anaharyam-avy�yam-a­
vyu�asamasvabh�va� l l ' r.a���ti, (�a dh,armam pasyati/ yastu)12
evam satatasamlt�m 1 nUJlvam-lty-adl purvat,13 yavad-avyu­
pa.sam�svabha.vam 4 pasyati, so'nuttaradharmasariram buddham
pa.syatll Ilryadharmabhisamaye samyag-jiianad-upanayenaiva, " 15

8, p;atityasamutpada iti kasmlld-ucyatel sahetukal]. sapratyayo

nahetuko napratyaya[s tasmat pratrtyasamutpadal ity-ucyate l2

43
9. 3[tatra pratrtyasamutpadalak�alfam samk�iptoktam bhagavata, ]
idam pratyayapha1am l3 utpiidad-va tathagataniim.��u.t�adiid-vii
(tathagatanam)4 sthitaiveyam5 6 dharmata dharmas�111tlta dharma­
niyamata7 8 9tathata avitathata ananyatathata bhutata satyata
(tattvam) aviparitatii 'viparyastate�i91

v
-;th� c,�f -pu���_;;';;h pratityasamutpado dvabhyam (ka.ralfa·
10.
bhyamil utpadyate4 1 katamabhyam dvabhyam (karalfabhyam
utpadyate)51 6 hettlpanibandhatalJ. pratyayopanibandhatas-ca 71
so'pi dvividho .dra��avyalJ., bahyas-ciidhyatmikas-caI 8

1 1 . tatra bahyasya prautyasamutpadasya hetllpanibandhalJ. kata­

mal;t41 yadidam bijad-ailkural;t, ailkurat-pattram, pattrat-kalf<;iam, .
kalf<;ian-nalam, niilad-{galf<;ial;t, galf<;iiid)5 garbham, garbac-{chtlkal;tl
sukat) pu�paml pu�piit-phalam-itil asati bije'ilkuro na bhavati,
yavad-asati pu�pe phalam na bhavati l sati . tu bije'ilkura·
syabhinirv�ttir-bhavati. evam yavat-sati pu�pe phalasyabhi­
nirvtt;tir-bhavati I 16 tatra 7 bijasya naivam bhavati, aham-ankuram­
abhinirvartayamrti8! 9ankurasyapi naivam bhavati, aham­
bijenabhinirvartita1 itil evam �avat.pu�pasya naivam bhavati,
aham phalam-abhinirvartayamiti 1 1 1 2 phal asyapi naivam bhavati,
aham pUl?penabhinirvartitamiti131 14atha �unar.brjeI5 sati 16
ankurasyabhinirvrttir-bhavati, pradurbhAval;t 71 evarh yavat-pul?pe
sati phalasyabhinirvrttir·bhavati, prAdurbhAvaJ.l181 evam 19
bahyasya pratityasamutpadasya hettlpanibandho dral?tavyaJ.l 1 l 14

12. 3 - katham bAhyasy •

a pratrtyasa m utp4dasya pratyayopanibandho
•

dral?�avy al;tl �aJ;lJ;lam dh4tQnArh Samav4y 4tl .. katamesam sannam

dhatunam samavayatl yadidarh prthlvyaptejovAyva. kasart�sa.
mavayat,5 bahyasya pratltYllI amutpAdasya pratyayo panibandho6
dral?tavyal;t1 7

44
 anirodhamanutpadamanucchedamasasvatarp/
anekarthamananarthamanagamamanirgamarp//
yah pratityasamutp�dalp prapaiicopaSamalp sivarp/
de§ayamasa salpbuddhastalp vande vadatarp vararpl!

piirva prajiiayate. kotirnetyuvaca mahamunih/ ;i

salpsaro 'navaragro hi nasyadirnapi pa§cimalpll

naivagrarp navararp yasya tasya madhyarp kuto bhavet/

tasmannatropapadyante purvaparasahakramah/I

purvarp jatiryadi bhavejjaramaraQamuttararp/

nirjaramaraQa jatirbhavejjayeta camrta'Ql!

na jaramaraQenaiva jatiSca saha yujyate/

mriyeta jayamanasca syaccahetukatobhayohll

yatra na prabhavantyete piirvaparasahakrama/:t/

prapaiicayanti tarp jatirp tajjaramaraI)arp ca kirp/l

paScajjatiryadi bhavejjaramaraI)amaditah/
ahetukamajatasya syajjaramaraQarp kathatpl!

kiiryarp ca karaQalp caiva lak�yalp lak�I)ameva ca!

vedana vedakaScaiva santyartha ye ca ke canal!

45
 yad: ,. iyamidarj1 sarvamuda
�
yo nas vyaya'Q./
ate//
amabhavas· prasaJy
cat . rt;la ma ryasatyan

arma ca!
parijna, ca praha Q.arj1 ca bhava na sak�ik
dyate //
caturQ.amaryasatyimamabhavannopapa

tadabhavanna vidyante catvaryaryaphaUi.ni cat

phalabhiive phalastha no na santi pratipannaka'Q.//

dharme casati sarpghe ca katharj1 buddho bhavi!?yati/

evaIp tri{lyapi ratnani bruvaQab. pratibadhase//

s.iinyatarj1 phalasadbh� vamadharmalp dharmameva cat

sarvasaIpvyavaharaIp!>':"cl laukikim pratibadhase//

atra bruma'Q. sunyatayarll na tvarj1 vetsi prayojanaIpI

sunyatalp sunyatarthalp ca tata evalp vihanyasel!
..-

dVe satye samupasritya buddhanalp dharmadeSanal

,
loICasaqlvrtisatyarp ca satyaql ca param arthatal.lll

ye 'nayorna vijiinanti vibhiigaql satyayordvayo'Q.!

te tattvaIp na vijananti gambhirarp buddhasasane/I

vyavaharamanasritya paramartho n a desyate/

paramarthamanagamya nirvaQaql nlidhigamyate//

vinaSayati durd�ta sunyatii mandamedhasarp/

sarpo yathii durgrhito vidya vii du�prasadhitall

ataSca pratyudavrttaIp cittaIp de§ayiturp munel.tl

�
dharmalp matvasya dharmasya mandairduravagahataqlll

46
 : fci�1 Fd Cbi
(Virpsa tika)
fC1ii1MYJ:i4dJFflF�.
(Vijt\apatimatratasiddhil;t)
"t<i4 � r�ti �dt
(With the auto - commentary)
Lftlql� �� fqiilFHql;f � " f"i:ltlLfI31'{f
� f-:i1"13341: � �tt1gCfi'\" m � I fern �
fc:m;t
��. �: I f"i:ltlY31 titi ....<iliIY
. f� I 'Lfnl­
��tlT� 1

fc:qtll{ql31qaa<ti<; � I
"ltm �Fqfh6t4le�l(I��IF«
. ltf"'l'\ 1 1 � 11
Cilf�m ";fJfu=r I '

1J� B'� f.1:�S1n:: -g;T: I

.-::r � l1>d�fq4{1 f.T:� 1 1 �'t I 1
\fC!furf tIT'IT�� � � if?Tsftl' lr: I
ijq�Chlct (f� m:r mrnGI�d l 1 1 �� 1 I
� Fq�ft:tL(I:(� Fq�IOi "1lctFd8Fd 1
J:l16"�H:zt I:!�I�WlctP"1 fClf'1ctcfa 1 1 �f.. I 1
fq � fH Lt I:{ q � <:JLt ("4fq tJJ:4 ct "1Cf: 1
"f'l114 q P"1 J:I d: fCfl F�:q t\ � '�Tcrftmt 1 1 �� ! 1
CRT ('etlctk4Oi m �cf'lqt.1� (RI I

ft� FC(�,"Pil� � � dC! J:I�It\ n �t 1 1

�siqenfrsm- m ct'IChltl{ ":et" � 1
m� q{l�fuF�m C;�«E'4EIr:rn : . 1 1 �� 1 1
,
ct 1....
tt-::r
lr ,.,. 'iT"t :
p
... 1 �:::r.Ci::rr'1 �H «nit � er,!{I En �: I

� Fq'if-ttiChI�lsm- \44f(o�1S't 4tHt.0 1 1 � o l l

47
3:j ct1"11 f< :( � cfpf vW&"l: � nl'iI f< ifll I
amm t�leil : m <PI�fdG'idll: 1 \ � t 1 1
ql'1�fl(:(f.qfCfictt l� mq16� TT: I
J(�: JRm �'lf q I ftI tf � 'tfnP.IT 1 1 t � 1.1

� W fC4 F6�1 �1(:(ql R41'i�",et � 1

3TI�'2{ (fl1ifl;Q � � �: 1 1 n 1 I

fcr�s�41\il"lf � Cfl141(=<t F'i<&'li:f � I

- �

�� fcr;:m{j �Q��II rt TI;:"lT 1 1 r� 1 1

q,:)ooq I '1 i 'rei fchll � lf� I SI ('411 �C\<et : I

fc(�HI'1i � ':i qr a{:i1"loli lfm � 1 1 t� 1 1

"H1FC( � 11�"rfd': {i ci<i �T�CfiI�� I
� '11 q F-a i(1I1 f;:q �1""1l:.J"t j<-Uffif'd411 (( 1 1 t� 1 1

��l"tqf(Ul"ilS"Q' FC4q;�) � fc(Cflt'uta 1

� d"tlfw � ""{{cf FC(�fRqb(Cfl,\ 1 I t" 1 1
� c{ii/l\ij f6 fenll ;{ Q n:0" q RI 'lfT er'lfT I

�1('4�ls.<nHII( -tr.r FC4Cfle'Q: l1 1r � 1 I tl 1 1

cf;tfail cH � "11 It I is '4 et I {l '1 41 m I
e;ttOT q:ctTC(ql� � fc:tQICfi �"'lIF;a � 1 1 t� 1 1
� � fq ifl�=r �, � � fq41M� I ,
qf(Cfif("qa Q\etl {41 � ':i l1 fcfW 1 1 �o 1 1
,
Q{a;:;C{4"qlcH{! fqq:;�:
�=-r=....-r.:r:l"
:r .p
!H"4111«'nl: I
f.(ti4::ottdt4 � tRT <0;001 � <IT 1 1 �t 1 1
31(f 1:(Cf l1 � et 1-41 �: q {{Hlt1 I :

3ir.:tfll d l�q<. "ctl�qr �� 1r � 1 1 � � 11

ftffqtn=lf � AAm' r.l:� I
�"lTlf l1cftrGfat tFmrr . f.:r: {:qq I Cl a I 1 1 � � "

48
mantrapata1arp yYakhyasyamal) /
sarvabhautikabalimantral). / OIyl akaro mukharp6 sarvadharmaI).am
adyanutpannatvat · oIyl A1;l: HUIyI PHAT SVhHh (I)
tathagatiinarp bijarp / BUIyI AIyI JRlIyl7 KHAIyI HU¥: / (2)8
Hevajrasya hrdayarp / OIyl DEVA PICU VAJRA HUIyI HUIyI HUIyI PHAT SVAHA (3)
sarvamantrapadiil). / oIyl-kiiradi-svAHAnt� HUIyI-PHAT-kiiravidarbhital). (f) .
purak!}obhamantral). / OIyl A KA CA TA TA PA YA §A SVAHA (5 )
yogininiirp bijarp / A A I I U U l,t � � (. E AI 0 AU AIyI AIj. (6)
dvibhujasya / OIyl TRAILOKYA�EPA HUIyI HUIyI HUIyI PHAT SVAHA (7)
ca[ Sb]turbhujasya / OIyl JVALAJVALABHYO HUIyI HUIyI HUIyI PHAT SVAHA (8)
!}aQbhujasya / OIyl KIT! KITI VAJRA HUIyl HUIyI liUIyI PHAT SVAHA (9)
kiiYavakcittadhi!}thanamantral). / OIyl AIj. HUIyI (10)
bhiimisodhanamantral). / OIyl RA�A RA�A HUIyI HUIyI HUIyl PHAT SVAHA (I l)
stambhanarp / OIyl HUIyI svAaA (12)
vaSyarp / OIyl A¥ svAHA (13)
uccatanarp / OIyl KHAIyI SVAHA (If)
vidve!}aI).arp I OIyl JRIIyI SVAHA I (I S )
abhicarukarp I OIyl BUIyI SVAHA / (16)
akar!}aI).arp I OIyl HUIyI SVAHA / (17)
maraI).arp I OIyl GHUIj. SVAHA / (18)
oIyl KURUKULLE HRIIj. SVAHA I (19)
o¥-Aij:-PHUIj.-kararp anantapratikrtirp krtva paficiimrtena snapayet I
kr!}I).apu!}peI).arcayet I nagadamarakarasena lepayet / hastimadena siro
lepayet / saravadvayena sarppu!i[6a]krtYa sthapayet I kr!}I).agok!}ireI).a
piirayet / kr!}I).akumarikartitasiitreI).a ve!}tayet / vayavyarp disi pu!}kariI).irp9
I ,.. - � ,. - . , ., . - . �. . " " . .. .... - .. • " .1 . .-.

krtva tarn anantarp sthiipayet I tasyas tate maI).Qalarp vartayet / kr!}I).arajal),

smaSanaIigareI).a sitarajo narasthiciirI).ena pitarajo haritalaktena raktarajal).
smaSane!}takena haritarajas cauryapattranarasthi'ciirI).abhyarp nilarajo
riarasthismaSanaIigarazciirI).abhyarp rajohhir ebhir maI).Qalarp vartayitva
•

smaSanasiitreI).a sarpsiitrya trayahastarp maI).Qalarp trayaIigu!}thadikarp3 I

tanmadhye 'nantiikrantarp Hevajrarp likhet I a!}tasyarp catuscaraI).arp
bhuja!}o<;l.asabhii!}itarp [6b] caturvirpsatinetradyarp I paScld acaryo 'dhyat­
ma4kriiracetasa mantrarp japed vijane deSe I
OIyl GHURU GHURU GHUQU GHUQU MASA MASA GHATA GHATA GHOTAYA
GHOTAYA ANANTA�OBHAKARAYA NAGADHIPATAYE HE-HE-RU-RU-KA
SAPTAPATALAGATAN NAGAN KA�AYA KA�AYA VA�AYA VAR�AYA
GARJAYA GARJAYA PHUIj. PHUIj. PHUI;I PHUI;I PHUI;I PHUIj. PHUIj. PHUI;I
HUIyI HUIyI HUIyI PHAT SVAHA /

49
 yadi na var!?antiS tada etan mantrarJ1 viparitarJ1 japet I var!?anti I. yadi na
.var!?anti tada murdha sphutati yatharjakasyeva maiijari I var!?ayana­
vidhiQ. " (20) meghanarJ1 sphatanarJ16 vak!?ye I smaSanakarpata upaviSya
mantrajapena sphatayet7 I
O¥ ARYASMASANA[7a]PRIYAYA HO¥ HO¥ HO¥ PHAT SVAHA I
meghasphatana8vidhil). 11 (21 ) parasainyavinasaya khatikasadhanarJ1 vak!?ye I
khatikarJ1 pi!?tva paiicamrtena kutharacchinnaya9 sardharJ1 vatikarJ1 karayet I
mantral).
O¥ VAJRAKARTARI HEVAJRAYA HO¥ HU¥ HU¥ PHAT I
siddhyartharp. kotirJ1 japet I purvaseVarJ1 lak!?arp. japet I tarJ1 sadhyaka­
maQ.<;lalugrivarJ1 Ve!?tayet I ve!?!�yitva bhaiijayet I sarve s<JtravaQ. sirohina
bhavanti I vajrakartarilOvidhiQ. 11 (22) devan sphatayituI lkamena tilakarJ1
sadhaniyarJ1 I brahmabijarJ1 pu!?yasadhitarJ1 kutharachinnamisritarJ1 surya­
grase ak�obhyena pi�ayetl Z I pi�tva pa{ra)surJ1 sarJ1[7b]skaret I tarJ1 pade­
nakramya mantrarJ1 japet I
o¥ VA]RAKUTHARA PATAYA 2 HO¥ HO¥ HO¥ PHAT SVAHA I
kotirJ1 japya tilakarJ1 vandayet I Y3I"J1 ca lagati sa sphutati I devatasphatana 13_
vidhil). 11 (23) tapajvalaql kartukamena I arkadale vi�arajikaravaQ.acitraka­
rasen� �atror nama likhet I tu�agnau nik�ipet I mantram ayutarJ1 japet I
o¥ HEVAJRA ]VALA 2 SATRON BHRU¥ HU¥ HU¥ HU¥ PHAT SVAHAf

50