AWS D1.1:2000 An American National Standard Structural Welding Code— Steel AU Tag eeaM A SUSAN SANsiKey Words — Atiowable sess, cyclically loaded structures, structural details, statically loaded structures, steel welding, stud ‘welding, tubular structures, welded joint details, welded steel structures AWS D1.1:2000 An American National Standard Approved by American National Standards Institute October 18, 1999 Structural Welding Code— Steel 17th Edition Supersedes ANSI/AWS D1.1-98 Propared by AWS Committe on Structural Welding Under the Direction of AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by AWS Board of Directors Abstract ‘This code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded structure made from the commonly used carbon and low-alloy constructional steels. Sections 1 through 8 constitute a body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel construction. There are twelve mandatory and twelve non-mandatory annexes inthis code. A Commentary of the code is included with the document, American Welding Society '550 NW. LeJeune Road, iami, Florida 33126‘Statement on Use of AWS American National Standard Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American ‘Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the Ameri- ccan National Standards Institute. When AWS American National Standard standards are either incorporated in, of made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions earty the full legal authority of the statute, In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards ‘must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws ‘and regulations. 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A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. Photocopy Rights ‘Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only af specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400; online: http:/www.copyright.com.Dedication ‘This edition of the AWS D1.1:2000 Code is dedicated to OMER W. BLODGETT, D.Sc., PE. for six decades of unique service to the structural welding profession and to this document. His deep commitment to the profession, comprehensive knowledge, and ability to translate technical principles into practical applications are reflected throughout the pages of this code. His selfless contributions to the industry and to the community it serves will ensure the highest possible standards for years to come.Personnel AWS Committee on Structural Welding D.L. McQuaid, Chair D.D. Rager, Vice Chair D.K. Miller, Vice Chair A.W. Sindel, Vice Chair HH, Campbell Ill, Secretary *R.E, Albrecht W.G, Alevander N.B, Altebrando ‘A. Anderson E.G.Armao RE Avery D.K. Baird E.M. Beck E.R. Beckmann RM. Bent E.L. Bickford R.D. Block +0. W. Blodgett R. Bonneau F.C. Breismeister C.R. Briden B.M. Butler *S. Camo J.J. Cecilio HLA. Chambers C.B. Champney L.E, Collins R.B.Corbit E.G, Costello S.L. Cotham M. V.Davis D.A. DelSignore R.A. Dennis, PB, Dickerson “SD. Duncan GL. Fox AR. Fronduti "GA. Git JA. Grewe M.A. Grieco D. P. Gustafson R. Hamburger ‘M.J. Harker E. Hartwell Advisor Philip Services Corporation Reynolds Metal Company ‘The Lincoln Electric Company ‘Sindel and Associates ‘American Welding Society Robertson, UDI Consultant Hardesty and Hanover Aleotec Wire Company ‘Alcoa Technical Center ‘Avery Consulting Associates, Incorporated ‘Argonne National Laboratory Law Engineering and Environmental Services, Incorporated American Institue of Steel Construction Bent Engineering 4J.Ray McDermatt, Incorporated Diamond Power International, Incorporated ‘The Lincoln Electric Company Canadian Welding Bureau Bechtel Corporation P & K Pole Products ‘Walt Disney World Company ‘Weidinger Associates Incorporated Consultant "TRW Nelson Stud Welding Division "TRW Nelson Stud Welding Division ‘Team Industries, Incorporated General Public Utilities Nuclear Corporation Boeing Information Space and Defense Systems Quality Engineering and Inspection Consultant Westinghouse Electric Corporation Chevron Research and Technology Consultant Fluor Daniel ‘Terra-Mar, Incorporated Rex Fronduti & Associates Consultant Omaha Public Power District Massachusetts Highway Department Concrete Reinforcing Stee! Institute EOE International Incorporated Lockheed Martin Kdaho Technologies Company [New York Department of TransportationAWS Committee on Structural Welding (Continued) C.W.Hayes ‘The Lincoln Electric Company C.R-Hess High Steel Structures, Incorporated FL. Hicks ‘Tru-Weld Division, ‘Tru-Fit Products Corporation G.J. Hill G.3. Hill and Associates, Incorporated M.L. Hoitomt ‘Thomas and Betts-Meyer Industries E.R.Holby _IFR Engineering C.W.Holmes Modjeski and Masters, Incorporated W.Jaxa-Rozen Bombardier Transportation ‘M.J.Jordan Bergen Southwest Stee! A.J.Julicher A.J. Julicher and Associates J.H. Kiefer Conoco, Incorporated JR. Kissell ‘The TGB Partnership L.A.Kloiber LeJeune Steel Company J.E.Koski Stud Welding Products, Incorporated R.M.Kotan Omaha Public Power District D.J.Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company D.R.Lawrence It Butler Manufacturing D.L. Long PDM Strocal, Incorporated HW. Ludewig Caterpillar, Incorporated "S. Mahin Earthquake Engineering Research Center J.Malley — Degenkolb Engineers P.W.Marshall MHP Systems Engineering D.M,Marudas Morrison Knudsen Corporation M.J. Mayes Mayes Testing Engineers, Incorporated J.W.McGrew Babcock & Wileox R.D. Medlock Texas Department of Transportation J.K. Merrill Law Crandall JLK.Mieske DM Bridge WA. Milek, Jr Consultant R.C.Minor _ Hapeo Division of Kearney National, Incorporated JL. Munnerlyn Consultant JE. Myers SMI Owen Steel Company, Incorporated C.K Nicholson Techno Steel T.Niemann Minnesota Department of Transportation J.C. Nordby Consumers Energy T.Omura _ Kawada Industries J.A. Packer University of Toronto, Canada FJ. Palmer Steel Tube Insitute | C.C. Pease CP Metallurgical | *2,Pekoz Cornell University D.C. Phillips YTW-Hobart Brothers Company E.R. Pickering Reynolds Metal Company C.W.Pinkham $B. Barnes and Associates J.W.Post J. W. Post and Associates, Incorporated D.Rees-Evans _ Nucor-Yamato Steet D.E.H. Reynolds Canadian Welcing Bureau J.E.Roth James E. Roth, Incoporated *W.W.Sanders, Jr Towa State University T. Schlafly American Institute of Steel Construction J.H.Schlect Institute ofthe Ironworking Industry D.R. Scott Professional Service Industries “AdvisorAWS Committee on Structural Welding (Continued) D. Shapira JG. Shaw RE. Shaw Je D.L. Sprow | RW. Stieve | | \e = C.R Stuart PJ. Sullivan WA. Svekric G.R. Swank MM, Tayarani | A.A. Taylor i W. Thornton RHR. Tide C.Uang J.B, Uebele KK Verma B.D. Wright 0. Zollinger Sheedy Drayage Company Morrison-Knudsen Corporation ‘Mountain Enterprises, Incorporated Steel Structures Technology Center, Incorporated Consultant Greenman-Pederson, Incorporated Shell Offshore, Incorporated Massachusetts Highway Department (Retired) ‘Welding Consultants, Incorporated State of Alaska Massachusetts Highway Department KPFF Consulting Engineers ives Corporation Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates University of Califoria—San Diego ‘Waukesha County Technical College Federal Highway Administration Consultant ‘Thermal Are, IncorporatedAWS Structural Welding Committee and Subcommittees Main Committee D.L. McQuaid, Chair CR Hess D.D. Rager, 1st VC. Gs. Hill® D.K. Miller, 2nd V.C. ‘M. L. Hoitomt A. W.Sindel, 31d VC. CC. W. Holmes H.H. Campbell Il, Secretary A.J. Julicher W.G. Alexander* RM. Kotan E. M. Beck PW. Marshall E.R. Beckmann M.J. Mayes RD. Block WA. Milek, Je . W. Blodget* JL, Munnerlyn F.C. Breismeister JE. Myers B.M, Butler C.C. Pease L.E.Collins JW. Post RB. Corbit JE, Roth E.G. Costello W. W. Sanders, Jr W.E Crozier RE. Shaw Jr M. V. Davis D.L. Sprow J.D. Duncan* RW. Stieve GL. For PJ. Sullivan AR. Fronduti® J.D. Theisen G.A.Gix* B.D. Wright M.A. Grieco Dix—Executive Committee/General Requirements D.L. McQuaid, Chait CR Hess D.D. Rager, 1st VC. ‘ML. Hoitomt D.K. Miller, 2nd V.C. A.J. Julicher A. W.Sindel, 3rd V.C. MJ. Mayes HH, Campbell Ill, Secretary RP. Medlock R.D. Block CC. Pease E.G. Costello D. Phillips M.A. Grieco RE, Shaw, Je D1a—Subcommittee 1 on Design A.J. Julicher, Chait WA. Mile, Jr T.J. Schlafly, V.C. T. Omura N.J.Altebrando JA, Packer RM. Bent* FJ. Palmer 0. W. Blodget W. W. Sanders, Jr B.M, Butler JG. Shaw W. Jaxa-Rozen RE. Shaw Jr M.J. Jordan D.L. Sprow L.A. Kloiber W. Thornton RM, Kotan RHR. Tide PW. Marshall Advisor D1b—Subcommittee 2 on Qualifleation D.D. Rager, Chair R.A. Dennis, VC. ELL. Bickford RD. Block R. Bonneau F.C. Breismeister J.J.Cecilio RB. Corbi D.A. DelSiguore J.D. Duncan® A.R. Fronduti* M.A. Grieco M.J. Harker ML. Hoitomt E.R. Holby® R.D. Lawrence It D.L. Long H.W. Ludewig J. Mieske D.K. Miller J.C. Nordby D. Phillips JW. Post JE. Roth D. Shapira A. W.Sindel D.L. Sprow CR Stuart G.R. Swank* J.B, Uebele KK. Verma B.E. Wright 0. Zollinger Dlc—Subcommittee 3 on Fabrication R.D. Medlock, Chair D. Shapira, V.C. WG. Alexander* ER. Beckmann B.L. Bickford L.E.Collins G.L. Fox GA. Gix* M.A. Grieco CR Hess GJ. Hilt C. W. Holmes D.L. Long WA. Milek, Jn D.K Miller J-L, Munnerlyn JE. Myers JW. Post D.D. Rager A.W. Sindel RHR. Tide K.K. Verma Did—Subcommittee 4 on Inspection M. L. Hoitomt, Chair JH. Kiefer VE. WG. Alexander* EM. Beck* E.R. Beckmonn LB. Collins G.L. Fox CW. Hayes G.I. Hill P.W.Marshalt D.M. Marudas JK. Merrill WA. Milek, Jr JL. Munnerlyn D.R. Scott RW. Stieve PJ. Sullivan W.A. Svekric K.K. Verma Die—Subcommittee 5 on Stud Welding C.C. Pease, Chait H, Chambers C.B. Champney S. Cotham AR. Fronduii* G.A. Gxt EL Hicks J. Koski ‘M.M, Tayarani 0 4 u