ASSIGNMENT 2

AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

Ahsan Ali Khan

SP17-BBA-002
 AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Historical growth performance........................................................................................................2
Recent Performance.........................................................................................................................3
Crop Situation..................................................................................................................................4
Major Crops.....................................................................................................................................5
1. Cotton...................................................................................................................................5
2. Sugarcane..............................................................................................................................5
3. Rice.......................................................................................................................................6
4. Wheat....................................................................................................................................6
Problems Faced By Pakistan in Agriculture....................................................................................7
Water Availability.......................................................................................................................7
Consumption Pattern of Water................................................................................................7
Water Shortage........................................................................................................................8
Agriculture Performance.............................................................................................................8
Lack of a Favorable Innovation Environment.............................................................................8
Technology Dissemination..........................................................................................................9
The Quality of Agricultural Growth............................................................................................9
Steps Taken By Government.........................................................................................................10
Fertilizers...................................................................................................................................10
Improved Seed...........................................................................................................................10
Plant Protection..........................................................................................................................11
Irrigation....................................................................................................................................12
Steps that Government Should Take.............................................................................................12
Climate Smart Agriculture:........................................................................................................12
The Need for a New Agriculture and Food Security Policy......................................................13
Agriculture and Food Security - A New Direction....................................................................13

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 AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN

Introduction

The Agriculture division keeps on assuming a focal job in Pakistan's economy. It is the
second biggest area, representing more than 21 percent of GDP, and stays by a long shot the
biggest boss, retaining 45 percent of the nation's aggregate work drive. 62 percent of the nation's
populace lives in rustic territories, specifically or by implication connected with farming for their
job. The Agriculture division's solid linkages with whatever is left of the economy completely
caught in the measurements. While from one viewpoint, the part is an essential provider of crude
materials to downstream industry, contributing generously to Pakistan's fares, on the other, it is
an extensive market for mechanical items, for example, compost, pesticides, tractors and farming
executes.

Historical growth performance

Agriculture Growth
Years Percent
1960’s 5.1
1970’s 2.4
1980’s 5.4
1990’s 4.4
2000’s 3.2

In spite of its basic significance to development, fares, wages, and nourishment security,
the Agriculture area has been experiencing common decay. Development in the segment,
especially in the yield subsector, has been falling for as long as three decades.

Profitability stays low, with yield holes rising. Basic interests in new seeds, cultivating.
Innovation and procedures, and the water foundation not made. Without major new interests in
Agriculture, it is indistinct how arranged Pakistan is handle rising difficulties, for example,
declining water accessibility, and environmental change

Country Wheat Differenc Sugarcane Differenc Rice Differenc Cotton Difference

e From e From e from Seed From

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Best Best Best Best

World 3086 65 71510 59 4309 44 2099 54
China 4762 100 73114 60 6556 67 3906 100
India 2802 59 68877 57 3370 35 1206 31
Pakista 2451 52 51494 43 3520 36 2046 52
n
USA 3018 63 73765 61 7672 79 2250 58
Brazil - - 79709 66 4229 44 3757 96
Egypt - - 121136 100 9731 100 2333 60

Recent Performance

Year Agriculture Major Minor Livestock Fishery Forestry

Crops Crops
2003-04 2.4 1.7 3.9 2.9 2.0 -3.2
2004-05 6.5 17.7 1.5 2.3 0.6 -32.4
2005-06 6.3 -3.9 0.4 15.8 20.8 -1.1
2006-07 4.1 7.7 -1.0 2.8 15.4 -5.1
2007-08 1.0 -6.4 10.9 4.2 9.2 -13.0
2008-09 4.0 7.3 -1.7 3.5 2.3 -3.0
2009-10 2.0 -0.2 -1.2 4.1 1.4 2.2

In the course of recent years, Agriculture has developed at a normal rate of 3.7 percent
for each annum. In any case, unpredictability in the division is high; with the scope of
development fluctuating between 6.5 percent and 1.0 percent. The change in by and large
horticulture has been to a great extent subject to the commitment of significant harvests.

Amid the active year 2009‐10, the general execution of horticulture part has been weaker
than target. Against an objective of 3.8 percent, and earlier year's execution of 4.0 percent,
horticulture evaluated to have developed by 2.0 percent. Real harvests, representing 32.8 percent
of horticultural esteem included, enrolled a negative development of 0.2 percent as against strong
development of 7.3 percent a year ago.

Minor harvests contributing 11.1 percent to largely horticulture posted negative

development of 1.2 percent. Generation of Minor yields has declined for a long time since 2004
05; a stressing pattern is halfway adding to sustenance value expansion.

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The execution of Livestock – the single biggest supporter of generally speaking

horticulture (53.2 percent) notwithstanding, developed by 4.1 percent in 2009‐10 as against 3.5
percent a year ago. The Fishery division extended by 1.4 percent, against its earlier year's
development of 2.3 percent. Ranger service, which has encountered negative development
throughout the previous six years, showed development of 2.2 percent this year. Regardless, in
the course of recent years, the backwoods division has contracted, underscoring the size of the
earth test confronting a nation that as of now has among the most noteworthy rates of
deforestation on the planet.

Pakistan's farming execution firmly connected with the supply of water system water.
Against the typical surface water accessibility at trench heads of 103.5 million‐acre feet (MAF),
the largely (for both Kharif and also Rabi) water accessibility has been less in the scope of 2.5
percent (2005‐06) to 20.6 percent (2004‐05). In any case, it stayed less by 2.5 percent in 2005‐06
against the ordinary accessibility. Moderately, Rabi season confronted lack of water amid 2009‐
10. Amid the ebb and flow monetary year (2009‐10), the accessibility of water as an essential
contribution for Kharif 2009 (for the harvests, for example, rice, sugarcane and cotton) has been
0.3 percent more than the typical supplies and 0.6 percent more than a year ago's Kharif. The
water accessibility amid Rabi season (for significant product, for example, wheat), is, in any
case, evaluated at 26.0 MAF, or, in other words not as much as the ordinary accessibility, and 4.4
percent more than a year ago's Rabi.
Amid the rainstorm season (July‐September, 2009) the typical precipitation is 137.5 mm
while the real precipitation got remained at 101.8 mm, demonstrating a diminishing of 26.0
percent. In like manner, amid the winter (January to March 2010), the genuine precipitation got
was 49.2 mm while the typical precipitation amid this period has been 70.5 mm, demonstrating a
lessening of 30.2 percent over the ordinary precipitation.

Crop Situation

There are two primary yield seasons in Pakistan, to be specific the "Kharif", the sowing
period of which starts in April‐June and reaping amid October‐December; and the "Rabi", which
starts in October‐ December and finishes in April‐May. Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, mong,
pound, bajra and jowar are "Kharif" crops while wheat, gram, lentil (masoor), tobacco, rapeseed,
grain and mustard are "Rabi" crops. Real harvests, for example, wheat, rice, cotton and
sugarcane represent 82.0 percent of the esteem included the significant yields. The esteem
included significant yields represents 32.8 percent of the esteem included by and large
horticulture. In this manner, the four noteworthy yields (wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane),
largely, contribute 33.1 percent to the esteem included generally horticulture and 7.1 percent to
GDP. The minor products represent 11.1 percent of the esteem included largely agribusiness.
Domesticated animals contributes 53.2 percent to horticultural esteem included substantially
more than the consolidated commitment of major and minor yields (43.9%).

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Major Crops

1. Cotton

Cotton being a non‐food trade trim contributes fundamentally out outside trade profit.
Cotton represents 8.6 percent of the esteem included farming and around 1.8 percent to GDP.
The product sown on the region of 3106 thousand hectares, 10.1 percent more than a year ago
(2820 thousand hectares). The creation assessed at 12.7 million parcels for 2009‐10, higher by
7.4 percent in the course of the most recent year's generation of 11.8 million bunches. Be that as
it may, the cotton creation was 5.0 percent not as much as the objective of 13.36 million bundles
basically because of the deficiency of water system water, high temperatures in the long stretch
of August bringing about exorbitant organic product shedding, erupt of sucking bug buildings
and across the board of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV).

Amid this 2009‐10 Kharif, a critical improvement was the expanding utilization of BT:
Cotton by ranchers. In Sindh, it watched very nearly 80% of cotton developing zone has turned
out to be under Bt. Cotton (Australian Bt) with high rate (60‐100percentage) of Cotton Leaf Curl
Virus (CLCV) disease. In Punjab, BT cotton developed on just about 80% territories with
various names, i.e. Bt‐121and Bt‐131 with a scope of isolation (10‐20percentage) in the fields of
BT cotton. MinFA has settled and affirmed ECC a LOI and MoU with activity intend to present
BT cotton assortment and Bt Hybrid in Pakistan in a joint effort with M/s Monsanto.

2. Sugarcane

Sugarcane is one of the significant products of Pakistan, developed in Kharif season. It

gives crude material to sugar and sugar‐ related items. It creates wage and work for the
cultivating network of the nation. It encourages esteem expansion to thing for enterprises like
sugar, chipboard and paper. Its offer in esteem included of farming and GDP are 3.6 percent and
0.8 percent, individually. For 2009‐10, sugarcane been sown in the territory of 943 thousand
hectares, 8.4 percent lower than a year ago (1029 thousand hectares). Sugarcane generation for
the year 2009‐10 assessed at 49.4 million tons, against 50.0 million tons a year ago. This shows a
decay of 1.3 percent over the generation of a year ago. Principle factors contributing for lesser
generation are most extreme zone under wheat trim amid 2008‐09 confined the sugarcane land,
deficiency of trench water, stack shedding of power, acknowledgment of lower costs in the
previous season and high rate of information sources likewise disheartened the agriculturists to
develop more sugarcane edit

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3. Rice

Rice is a basic money harvest and one of the primary fare things of the nation. It
represents 6.4 percent of significant worth included agribusiness and 1.4 percent in GDP.
Pakistan develops superb rice to take care of both residential demand and for fares. Zone sown
for rice assessed at 2883 thousand hectares, 2.7 percent not as much as a year ago. The extent of
the yield assessed at 6883 thousand tons 1.0 percent not as much as a year ago. In Punjab
sugarcane, territory additionally moved to rice trim, as the producers were disheartened because
of non‐payment of their levy in time by the sugar factories.

4. Wheat

Wheat is the main sustenance grain of Pakistan and being staple eating regimen of the
general population, it possesses a focal position in definition of agrarian approaches. It
contributes 14.4 percent to the esteem-included agribusiness and 3.1 percent to GDP. Region and
creation focus of wheat for the year 2009‐10 had been set at 9045 thousand hectares and 25
million tons, individually. Wheat developed on a territory of 9042 thousand hectares,
demonstrating a diminishing of 0.04 percent over a year go’s zone of 9046 thousand hectares.
The effect of water deficiencies (accessibility at homestead door) and lower precipitation amid
the sowing period has been the primary explanation behind lesser real estate under wheat trim.
The measure of wheat trim temporarily assessed at 23864 million tons, 0.7 percent not as much
as a year ago yield. The prospects for wheat collect enhanced fairly with sound manure off take
and sensible precipitation in pre reaping period. In any case, the effect of lower real estate and
water deficiencies is likely incur significant damage and wheat gather evaluated to be lower than
the 2009‐2010 focuses of 25.0 million tons.

Problems Faced By Pakistan in Agriculture

Water Availability

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Water is basic for sustenance of life in all structures and crisp water is a limited asset,
continuously getting to be scarcer because of tenacious increments in its contending requests.
Pakistan has the world's biggest bordering water system framework normally called as Indus
Basin Irrigation framework. It directions a region of around 14.3 million hectares (35 million
sections of land) and envelops the Indus River and its significant tributaries.

The framework incorporates three expansive stores (Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma), 23
blasts/head works/siphons, 12 inter‐river joins and 45 trench directions stretching out for around
60,800 km to serve more than 140,000 rancher worked conduits. Flooded agribusiness is the
foundation of the national economy. The level of agrarian creation specifically identified with
the accessibility and compelling utilization of water as a noteworthy information. The interest for
water is expanding quickly while the open doors for further advancement of water assets or
keeping up their utilization to existing levels are reducing. The deficiency of water especially in
Rabi season has additionally disturbed the progressing water emergency.

Consumption Pattern of Water

The consumption pattern of water in domestic, industrial and agriculture sector.

Uses of Water

8%

23%

69%

Agriculture Industry Domestic Use

Water Shortage

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Pakistan is one of the world's most parched nations, with a normal precipitation of under
240 mm a year. As per the water shortage marker (the Faulkenmark Indicator), Pakistan's
evaluated ebb and flow per capita water accessibility of around 1,066 M3 places it in the "high
water pressure" classification.

The water lack situation in Pakistan is additionally exasperated with high inconstancy of
precipitation. The beginning of environmental change and an Earth-wide temperature boost is
likely seriously influence the accessibility of water. To bother the circumstance, after the loss of
3major Rivers, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas, to India under the Indus Waters Treaty 1960, India's
development of water stockpiling foundation at Baghlihar and Kishanganga, is debilitating to
disturb the continuous stream of water downstream into Pakistan.

Agriculture Performance

The horticulture area in Pakistan faces various real difficulties in the coming years.
Agribusiness execution in Pakistan has been poor as of late with low development (3.1% out of
2011-12 and 3.3% in the course of the most recent decade). Central point basic this poor
execution incorporate a moderate rate of mechanical advancements; issues with quality, amount
and convenience of information supply; constrained interest in development and upkeep of
framework; showcasing and exchange limitations; irritation and animals illness issues; and
restricted measures of credit for farming generation and preparing and the absence of horticulture
particular advance items.

Lack of a Favorable Innovation Environment

Yield development for most harvests and domesticated animals items in Pakistan has
stagnated and turned out to be more factor lately and there keeps on being expansive holes
among achievable and acknowledged profitability in many products. Expansion and a move to
higher esteem included had been restricted, especially in the yields division, with the developed
zone under high-esteem trims pretty unaltered somewhere in the range of 1960 and 2000.

To a limited extent, this is a consequence of over-center by scientists, and other

emotionally supportive networks, on conventional harvests and trimming frameworks to the
disadvantage of high esteem farming. Incomprehensibly, execution has been exceptional in the
animals division, where open help especially for advancement and innovation age has been
restricted. Poultry, dairy and more as of late meat, have by and large done well; be that as it may,
real issues stay because of poor cultivation rehearses especially among littler ranchers and
transhumant.

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Presently, the general population emotionally supportive network for animals revolved
around wellbeing administrations with extremely constrained spotlight on exchange nourishing
administrations, feed conservation and hereditary enhancements. Inclusion is likewise
constrained for high hazard, pestilence infections, for example, Foot and Mouth Disease, while
issues identified with profluent and illness administration are significant dangers to the escalated
poultry and dairy frameworks.

Technology Dissemination

Feeble expansion linkages that has not possessed the capacity to change itself as per the
changing conditions and market prerequisites or to make utilization of new advances compound
issues with a restricted, and an insufficiently composed research framework. Another significant
issue is the absence of an able and very much prepared unit of specialist organizations who could
encourage innovation selection process at grass-root levels.

Absence of nitty gritty specialized direction, sources of info and counsel at an expansive
scale restrict the appropriation of very practical and tried specialized enhancements, for example,
High Efficiency Irrigation Systems (HEIS), exchange vitality, logical plantations administration,
and better post-collect taking care of, significant worth chain administration, preparing and
promoting. Accessibility of such imperative administrations suppliers would just be conceivable
with the up degree of existing preparing framework with new educational modules and gifted
staff.

The Quality of Agricultural Growth

Since 2000, Pakistan has gained a noteworthy ground in lessening urban neediness from
around 35% to 17%.It may; the decrease in provincial destitution has been much slower than the
decrease in urban neediness levels. Additionally, in provincial territories, neediness currently
thought among the little ranchers, country landless and those working in non-horticulture related
exercises. Horticultural development can have a speedy and direct effect on neediness and work
of those straightforwardly engaged with agribusiness, also on the landless and the
underemployed in the non-cultivate economy.

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In any case, its potential in this regard has not completely abused. As made reference to
above, in general execution had been poor; more fundamentally, expands that have accomplished
have experienced more prominent info and asset use, with constrained achievement in raising
efficiency. A methodology that objectives little agriculturists, through enhanced accessibility of
fitting innovation, better access to basic data sources, especially quality seed, water system and
credit, and appealing costs can raise in general development rates while likewise lessening
destitution

Steps Taken By Government

Fertilizers

The Government has found a way to help farming creation in the course of the most
recent five years. The residential creation of manure amid the initial nine months (July‐March,
2009‐10) of the current financial year was up by 4.5 percent. The import of manure expanded by
133 percent; consequently, the aggregate accessibility of compost likewise expanded by 25.3
percent. Add up to off take of compost flooded by 23.8 percent (Table 2.14) because of an
appropriation of Rs 500 for every pack of Sulfate of Potash (SOP)/Muriate of Potash (MOP) has
reported. Nitrogen off‐take expanded by 15.4 percent while that of phosphate by 66.2 percent.
Primary explanations behind expanded off‐take of manures were reasonable cost of DAP and
higher help cost of wheat. Normal deal costs of nitrogenous composts expanded while that of
phosphate diminished significantly.

Improved Seed

Enhanced high‐quality seed or planting material is the most attractive contribution for
enhancing crop yield. Seed is a vital segment in agribusiness efficiency framework. Seed has the
fundamental position among different agrarian sources of info in light of the fact that the
viability of every other information predominantly relies upon the capability of seeds. Seed is a
high innovation item and is an advancement most promptly adjusted. Enhancing access to great
quality seed is a basic prerequisite for practical horticultural development and sustenance
security. Successful utilization of enhanced seed can result in higher rural generation and
increment net salaries of cultivating families, which positively affects rustic destitution.
Consequently, accessibility of value seed of enhanced assortments is basic to accomplish the
creation target.

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Plant Protection

Plant assurance is a vital horticulture contribution as it successfully contributes in accomplishing

higher

Creation by sparing it from desolates of creepy crawly and malady bugs. In such manner, the
Department of Plant

Assurance (DPP) gives offices, for example, Locust Survey and Control, Plant Quarantine
Service, Aerial

Bug Control, Pesticide Registration, Testing and Management.

 DPP has directed Desert Locust Survey of Sindh and Punjab deserts w.e.f. 1 June 2009 to
30th

 September 2009. Amid this period 6 outskirt gatherings with Indian partners were

 •Conducted on month-to-month premise at Khokhropar‐Monabao outskirt for trade of

beetle data.

 The Survey of Locust potential regions in Baluchistan is in advancement since first

February, 2010 which remain proceed up to 31st May, 2010 and joint Pak‐Iran Costal
zone study by a consolidated grasshopper review group of the two nations under the
support of FAO is likewise in advancement with impact from first April 2010 for multi
month.

 The office stayed in customary coordination with all the Provincial Agriculture Extension

 Departments to take care of any developing demand of elevated splash.

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 Endeavors are in progress by the division with the end goal to get the new Pesticides Act
gone by the parliament. This demonstration will help in enhancing quality control
investigation and checking in the field with the assistance of the commonplace
governments. Natural shields will enhanced with the joint effort of Ministry of
Environment at assembling and plan phases of Pesticides.

A task of "Foundation of Pesticide Quality Control and Research Laboratory" Quetta finished
in most recent five years by the Department of Plant Protection with an expense of Rs. 19.262
million Handed over to Agriculture Extension Department of Baluchistan on 2‐1‐2010 for
enhancing quality control examination and checking of pesticides in Baluchistan territory.

Irrigation

The waterway head withdrawals in Kharif 2009 (April‐September) have expanded by 1.0
percent and remained at 67.3 Million Acre Feet (MAF), when contrasted with 66.93 MAF amid a
similar period a year ago. Amid the Rabi season 2009‐10 (October‐March), the trench head
withdrawals demonstrates a slight change, as it stayed at 25.02 MAF contrasted with 24.9 MAF
amid a similar period a year ago.

Steps that Government Should Take

Climate Smart Agriculture:

Pakistan needs to adjust to the new, more factor climate designs that are rising. This will
require a progression of activities running from alterations in framework; enhance water
gathering foundation; better surge administration conventions and methodology; and editing and
cultivating frameworks that can adjust to various climate conditions. In the meantime there is a
requirement for enhanced coordination and collaborations between different establishments
including Ministry of National Food Security and Research (MNFSR), and National, Provincial
and District Disaster Management Authorities, with the end goal to guarantee that current
enactment and directions, for example, those identifying with infringement into surge fields are
clung to.

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The Need for a New Agriculture and Food Security Policy

The institutional setup for farming and sustenance security has experienced extensive
changes as of late. The most vital of these has been the devolution that occurred following
selection of the eighteenth Amendment with the Provinces assuming control obligation regarding
horticulture provincial advancement. Considerable expanded assets to execute exercises under
their Annual Development Plans have went with this.

With the end goal to control their exercises and interests in farming, a few areas have
begun chip away at arrangement of commonplace policies, procedures and venture designs. In
any case, regions still need a general national vision and heading for horticultural improvement
to guarantee that cooperative energies expanded and covers limited. In addition, certain
exercises, for example, national need setting, exchange strategies, national and transboundary
irritation and ailment observation, confirmation of farming items at universal principles and key
and essential research on subjects of national significance, remain territories where interview
with areas is required however the government level needs to assume lead liability.

Agriculture and Food Security - A New Direction

The agribusiness and sustenance security arrangement would mean to:

 create an advanced, proficient and enhanced agrarian division that can guarantee a steady
and satisfactory supply of essential nourishment supplies for the nation's populace, and
give great items to its ventures and for fare;

 ensure appealing wages and not too bad work for the individuals who live and work in
provincial territories;

 use the asset base in a productive and manageable way;

 flexibly adjust to environmental change and be sufficiently versatile to rapidly recoup

from stuns and crises.

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