Tabs FORM TP 2013179 cove 02220010 MAY/UNE 2013 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION* ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. UNIT 2- Paper 01 T hour 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY, ‘This test consists of 45 items. You will have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer them, In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. Do not be concemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test, Each iter in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B),(C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. (On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below, ‘Samals tiem ‘Suspended particles in water cause Sample Answer (A) acidity @®) (8) alkalinicy ©e0@ (C) salinity (D) turbidity ‘The best answer to this item is “turbidity”, so answer space (1) has been shaded If you want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new cholee, When youare told 10 begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot answer un item, go on to the next one. You may return to this item later. Your score will be the total number of correct answers. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer items, DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2010 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved.ngs 1. Which of the following is a feature of | $. _Planting the same crop year after year may ‘organic farming? result in (A) There is the use of organisms to (A) improved crop yield control pests. {B) decreased soil erosion (B) Greater inputs are used to increase (C) the retention of essential nutrients production of crops. in the soil (C) Nutrients are fed directly to plants {D) increased damage to crops by by pipelines. insects and diseases (D) There isan increase in the amount of fertilizers used. 6. Which of the following is NOT associated with organic farming? 2. Sewage sludge would be unfit for use as fertilizer if itis contaminated with {A) Crop rotation (B) Soil satinisation (A) nitrates (C)__ High-yield potyculture {B) phosphates (D) Biological pest control (C) heavy metals {D) — onganic compounds ‘Item 7 refers to the following table which shows the contributions to GDP by three 3. Which of the following are features of sectors in several Caribbean countries. subsistence farming? 1. Slash and burn U1, Domestic labour force IL. Primitive tools IV. Shifting cultivation (A) Land tl only (B) 1, Mand Ht only (C) HII, and EV only (D) 11, Mand tv 4. Whichofthe following is NOTan advantage Y . % In which three countries does agriculture oF no-tillage farming? have the HIGHEST contribution to GDP? (A) Crop yield is enhanced. (B) Soil erosion is minimized. (A) Haiti, Jamaica, Grenada {C) Loss of organic matter from the o Hai soil. Sei (D) Trinidad and Tobago, Anguilla, (D) Increased water-holding capacity preter of the soil. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 0222001 0/CAPE 201302220010/CAPE 2013 on pig farmer collects spoiled tomatoes and uses them to feed his pigs. This sustainable agricultural practice is an example of (A) conservation tillage (B) contour farming (C) crop rotation (D) post-harvest management Which of the following is MOST likely the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as com? (A) Decreased kernel size (B) Decreased potential yield (C) Increased susceptibility to plant diseases (D) Increased dependence on chemical fortilizers Which of the followingisNOTan advantage of aquaculture? (A) lis a reliable source of fish for ‘consumption, (B) There isa reduction of pressure for fish from natural sources. (©) involves the introduction of exotic species into a new environment. (D) There is a decrease in the effort to catch fish, Which form of soil degradation may be caused by capillary action? (A) Salinisation (B) Acidification (C) Waterlogging (D) Soil compaction 2. ‘The farming system which is suited to produce adequate amounts of one crop for export is (A) intereropping (8B) mo (C) mixed farming (D) mixed cropping [tems 13-14 refer to the following table which provides information on four farms, 1,11, 1 and IV. P| oo |e |v Use (kg) Yield (kg) 1 u mw iv 13. I 1S ty 30 10 0 100 200 Which farm has the HIGHEST yield per unit area farmed? A) ' ®t © it o WV Which farm has the HIGHEST efficiency of fertilizer use? a ot @®) om © mW () Vv Go ON TO THE NEXT PAGE FEEPercent of each component Beses 228 16. 17. Item 15 refers to the results illustrated in the figure below. The results were obtained by students investigating the components of a 500-gram sample of soil taken from four different locations, 1, I, I and 1V. " a w Location ‘What is the mass in grams of clay in the ‘soil sample at location III? a 9 ) 100 © 10 (©) 180 Which of the following describes the term ‘potential energy"? ‘The energy of a (A) body in motion (B) fluorescent bulb «© windmill in motion (D) body due to its position Which of the following materials CANNOT be used as biomass to make biofuels? (A) __ Dead corals (B) Forest products (©) Animal residues (D) Organic houschold waste 02220010/CAPE 2013 A photovoltaic cell converts light energy directly to (A) heat energy (B) kinetic energy (C) potential energy @) Which of the following primary cnergy sources can be regarded as non-renewable? (A) Solar energy (B) Geothermal energy (©) Ocean thermal energy (D) Nuclear fission and fusion Fossil fuel is an example of which of the following types of energy? (A) Wind (B) Solar (C) Chemical (D) Hydroelectric Cogeneration and combined cycles are methods of improving energy (A) efficiency @) version (©) utilization (D) consumption Anincandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 per cont. For every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by this bulb, how much light ‘energy is produced? (A) 0.05 joule {B) 0.50 joule (©) 1.00 joule (D) 1.05 joule GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEae 23. Which of the following are the benefits of 26, — Whichofthe followingenergy conversions building large dams and reservoirs? occurs when brakes are applied and then a car stops? 1. Disruption of migration and ‘spawning of fish (A) Potential > kinetic Ii, Production of cheap electricity (B) Electrical > kinetic Ill, Recreation and swimming (C) Kinetic > potenti IV. Reduction of downstream flooding (D) Kinetic > chemical (A) Land tl only (B) Mand Ill only Item 27 refers to the diagram below which (C) Mand IV only shows a windmill that is used to generate (D) 1, Mand IV electricity. 24. Which of the following is an advantage of 1 natueal gas as a source of energy? (A) Less polluting — (B) Easier to transport (C) Produces less CO, for the same output (D) Does not contribute to global Fa warming tem25 refersto the following graph which shows the change in oil production and demand over a period of time, 27. The function of the part labelled ‘II’ on the Predeston! nen diagram is to convert demand ‘Demand (A) wind energy to kinetic energy (B) wind energy to potential energy (C) potential energy to clectrical enenzy (D) _ kinetic energy to electrical energy ‘Time (years) 25. At what point is the price of oil likely to be HIGHEST? “A A @) 8B © c @) Dd GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 0222001 0/CAPE 2013 GEXage ‘tem 28 refersto the diagrams below which illustrate an activity in which students were investigating the efficiency of two bulbs. fey, Seo Glass iF on KF Gis liven Jr S e A w Boxt Box2 28. Which of the following precautions are necessary for this activity? 1. Use cardboard boxes. Il, Take at least three readings. Ill, Read the thermometer at eye level. IV. Take readings within the same time period. (A) |, land Il only (B) Ill and IV only (C) 1, Mand IV only (D) I, ILand IV only Item 29 refers to the table below which Item 30 refers to the table below which shows petroleum production and demand shows generation cost of electricity in different parts of the developed world, produced from natural resources forseveral = day) aed Caribbean countries. ‘Generation Cost of (cents per kilowatt hour) 20. Which country needs to importthe MOST 30. Which of the following explains why oil? Trinidad has the lowest generation cost? (A) USA (A) Technology is available. (B) China (B) The economy is booming. (©) Japan {C) __ Readily available source of energy. (D) Canada (D) Electricity generation is subsidized. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 0222001 0/CAPE 201332. 3s. aPe. Which of the following is an air pollutant? (A) Nitrate (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Nitrogen oxide (D) Stratospheric ozone Which of the following metals is NOT considered to be a toxic pollutant? (A) Lead (B) Mercury (©) Cadmium (D) Potassium Which of the following compounds is a necessary ingredient in the production of photochemical smog? (A) Nitrogen oxide (B) Sulphur dioxide (C) Carbon dioxide (D) Carbon monoxide Accelerated eutrophication in streams, lakes and bays will result from the introduction of (A) __ herbicides (B) phosphates (©) bacteria and viruses (D) acid waste and salts Which international negotiation resulted in an agreement to phase out chlorofluoro- carbon production? (A) Basel Convention (B) Montreal Protocol (C) Cartagena Convention (D) Climate Change Convention 36. a7. Which of the following is NOT a major environmental effect of ozone depletion? (A) Lower food-crop production (B) _ Increased incidence of skin cancer (C) _ Reduction of primary productivity in the ocean (D) Decreased concentration of CO, in the atmosphere Which of the following are DISADVANT- AGES of phytoremediation? L. Insects can eat the plants, Nl. Cheaper than conventional UL. Plants cannot remove contaminants present in the soil deeper than their roots normally grow. IV. Plants must be disposed of in a hazardous waste landfill (A) Land I only (B) I, Hand Ill only (C) 1, Mand IV only (D) 1M, Wand tvtems 38-39 refer to the following experiment which was conducted to investigate the effect of traffic density on the level of soot (carbon particles) in the air, Four locations were chosen: three of them were close to three different roadways and one in the middle of a national perk. The description and traffic density of each location are shown in the table below. assumed that the dark colour on the filter was due to the soot in the ai One of the locations was used as a control. The state of each filter after the experiment is shown @@00 38. The conclusion that can be drawn from the experiment is that the level of soot (A) increases as traffic density decreases (B) increases as traffic density increases (C) decreases as the traffic density increases (D) __hasno relationship with the traffic density 39. Which of the following are possible sources of error in this experiment? 1. Incorrect use of the air collection instrument. Il. Soot may be produced by other sources besides vehicles, for example, fires. Ml. _Dark colour on filter could be due to other things besides soot. (A) and Il only (B) Land Ill only (C) Mand Ill only (D) Mand Itt GOON TO THE Next Pac IER 0222001 0/CAPE 201340. Which of the following methods can be 41. usedto rehabilitate soils contaminated with ‘crude oil? |. Bioremediation 11. Biomagnification II, Phytoremediation IV. Bicaccumulation: (A) Land I onty (B) Land Ill only (©) Land IV only (D) 1,1, hand Iv A sample of water from a stream showed distinct cloudiness. This would MOST likely be due to a high (A) pH (8) DO (c) Tss (D) salinity Items 42~43 refer to the graph below which shows air pollution trends in developed and developing countries Air Pollution Trends Sulphur dioxide (metric tonnes) 1990 1995 ‘Year Devioping countries Developed countries 42. Which statement BEST describes the trend shown for the period 1995-2000? (A) Both developed and developing countries show decreasing amounts of emissions. (B) Developed countries show decreasing amounts of emissions, while developing countries show increasing amounts of emissions. (C) Developed countries show increasing amounts of emissions while developing countries show decreasing amounts of emissions. (D) Both developed and developing countries show increasing amounts of emissions. 43. In which year were emissions the LOWEST for developed countries? (A) 1990 (B) 1993 (©) 1995 (D) 2000 02220010/CAPE 2013 GO ON TO THE NEXT | Sp-10- Liem 44 refers to the graph below which shows how the dissolved oxygen concentration in a river varies with time and the effects after a pollutant was accidentally introduced into the river, Ss 8 if. Ff, 53 6. oY 12345678910 Time (days) 44. On which day was the pollutant accidentally introduced into the river? A) (B) © @) eae Item 45 refers to the following graph which shows the changes in density of a population of algae ‘and pond fish. The pond water is supplied by a community river. 3 8 Density of algae population (hundred! kes" ) 45. What is the MOST likely reason for the trend seen in the population variation of the fish? (A) __ The fish population decreased due to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen caused by algae. (B) The fish population increased due to an increase in the population of algae which provides more food for fish. (C) The fish population decreased due to a decrease in the population of algae. (D) The fish population increased due to an increase in the population of algae which provides more oxygen for fish, END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02220010/CAPE 2013 GE