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‫ﺍﻟﺭﺟﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺷﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﻭﻑ ﺗﺗﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺧﺫﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺑﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ]‪ [3‬ﻛﻣﺛﺎﻝ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺩﺓ ﻣﻬﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺗﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻧﺭﺟﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺫﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﺷﺑﻊ ﺭﻏﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻣﺣﻳﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺷﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻳﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺿﻳﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﻧﺳﺄﻝ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺗﻭﻓﻳﻕ ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺣﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺦ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻣﻳﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻁﻳﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻡ ﺗﺧﻁﻳﻁﻲ ﻣﺑﺳﻁ ﻟﻠﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﺗﻧﺎﻭﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻳﻝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪1 of 4‬‬ ‫ﺹ ‪30/08/2013 11:37‬‬

 ‫‪http://kenanaonline.com/users/gaberbresha/posts/265881‬‬

‫ﻟﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻬﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ‪ ٬‬ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻥ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻧﻭﺍﺗﺞ ﺗﻘﻁﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺑﻭﺏ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [4‬ﺑﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻧﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﻓﻬﻧﺎﻙ ﻧﻭﺍﺗﺞ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ ﻳﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺛﻣﺭﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ‪ ٬‬ﻭﺯﻳﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻋﻼﺋﻕ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻭﺗﻳﻥ‪ ٬‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻲ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﻋﺻﺎﺋﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻣﻧﻘﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺧﻣﻳﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺣﺿﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻑ ﻳﺑﺩﺃ ﺑﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺷﺗﻳﺕ ﻟﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [5‬ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺋﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻁ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻝ‪ ٬‬ﻳﺗﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﺣﻠﻝ ﺟﺯﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪ a-Amylases‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [6‬ﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﺍﺋﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺧﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﺋﻝ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺗﺷﺭﺏ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﻭﺗﻧﺗﻔﺦ ﻭﻳﺗﻐﻳﺭ ﺑﻧﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻧﻔﺟﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺗﺷﺗﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [7‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻛﻲ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺷﺗﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﻟﻠﻧﺷﺎ ﻭﻳﺻﺑﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻼﻡ ﻫﻲ ‪°110-105‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻕ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [8‬ﺃﻛﺛﺭ ﻣﻥ ‪) %35‬ﻭﺯﻥ‪/‬ﺣﺟﻡ( ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﺯﻭﺟﺗﻪ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﺟﺩﺍ ً‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ‪ a-Amylases‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻕ ﺟﺯﺋﻳﺎ ً‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺗﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﺯﺋﻲ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻭﻝ‪ ٬‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﻳﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺭﺳﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [9‬ﻭﺗﺟﻣﻳﻌﻪ ﻣﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺧﻔﻳﺽ ﺍﻟﻠﺯﻭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [10‬ﺟﺯﺋﻳﺎ ً ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻣﺽ ﺍﻟﻬﻳﺩﺭﻭﻛﻠﻭﺭﻳﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻭﻛﺳﺎﻟﻳﻙ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻥ ‪°150-140‬ﻡ ﻟﻣﺩﺓ ‪ 5‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻕ ﻭﻟﻛﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻧﺫ ﺍﻛﺗﺷﺎﻑ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ ‪ a-Amylases‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻡ ﻳﻌﺩ ﻳﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻣﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻛﻧﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [11‬ﺣﻳﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﺗﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻧﻭﺍﺗﺞ ﻭﺳﻁﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ ﺃﻗﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺑﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺛﻡ ﻁﺣﻧﻪ ﺑﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺻﻐﻳﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺳﻁﺢ ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺓ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﻬﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺗﺣﻭﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﻳﻼﺗﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺳﻬﻝ ﻋﻣﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺿﺎﻑ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺣﻥ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻗﻠﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺣﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻘﻠﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﺩ ﺛﻡ ﺗﺳﺗﺧﺩﻡ ﻫﻳﺩﺭﻭﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﻧﻳﻭﻡ ﻟﺿﺑﻁ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪) pH‬ﻣﻥ ‪ 6‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.(7‬‬

‫ﻳﺿﺎﻑ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ‪-‬ﺃﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ )‪ (a-amylase‬ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻟﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻛﺗﻳﺭﻳﺎ ‪Bacillus‬‬
‫‪ licheniformis‬ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ‪) %0.5‬ﺣﺟﻡ‪/‬ﺣﺟﻡ(‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻣﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﻭﺿﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻟﻳﺳﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﻠﻰ ﻹﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ‪-‬ﺃﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻳﺯﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻅﻝ ﻧﺷﻁ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻣﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [12‬ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻳﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻟﺳﻳﻭﻡ ﺑﺗﺭﻛﻳﺯ ﺣﻭﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 60‬ﻣﺟﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺗﺭ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻧﺯﻳﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻟﻌﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺗﻘﻁﻊ‬
‫‪ Batch‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺷﻛﻝ ﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭ ‪.Continuous‬‬

‫ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺊ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻭﺯ ‪ (Dextrose equivalent (DE‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ‪ 12‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 20‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺟﻧﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [13‬ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺑﻳﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻠﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﺍﺋﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺗﻭﺿﻳﺢ ﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﻣﻛﺎﻓﺊ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﺫﻛﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻭﺍﺗﺞ ﺗﺣﻠﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ‬
‫]‪ [14‬ﺗﻘﺳﻡ ﺣﺳﺏ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﺯﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﻣﺛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺯ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻌﺑﺭ ﻋﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻﻁﻠﺢ ‪ DE100‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻳﻧﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ‪ DE‬ﻣﻘﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺯ ﻧﻘﻲ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ ]‪ [15‬ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻲ ﻓﻘﻳﻣﺔ ‪ DE‬ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﻳﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺻﻔﺭ‪.‬‬

‫]‪[17‬‬
‫ﺗﺑﺩﺃ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ ]‪ [16‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺑﺭﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎ‬

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‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬Aspergillus niger ‫ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺻﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻪ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻁﺭ‬Glucoamylase ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻝ )ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ( ﺛﻡ ﻳﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺃﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ‬
‫( ﻓﻲ‬6-1) ‫ ﻳﻘﻭﻡ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺃﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺧﻁﻭﺓ ﺑﺗﺣﻠﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺑﻁ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ‬.‫ﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻛﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻣﺭ‬°60 ‫ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫( ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻳﻠﻭﺑﻛﺗﻳـﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﻳﻠـﻭﺯ ﻭﺑﺫﻟﻙ ﺗﻧﺗـﺞ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻣـﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻭﻗﻑ ﻧﺳﺑﺗﻬﺎ‬4-1) ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻳﻠﻭﺑﻛﺗﻳﻥ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺑﻁ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ ﻳﺳﻣﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﻠﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺧﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧﺩﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻡ ﺛﻡ ﻳﻧﻘﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬° 35-30 ‫ ﺑﻌﺩ ﻳﺑﺭﺩ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ ﺇﻟﻰ‬."Mash " "‫ﻟﻠﺗﺧﻣﺭ ﻭﺑﻌﺽ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ "ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻣﺧﻣﺭ ﻭﻳﻠﻘﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺧﻣﻳﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺳﻭﻑ ﻳﺳﺗﻣﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﻣﺭ ﻫﺩﻡ ﻭﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺯﻳﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺿـﺎﻓـﺔ ﺣﺗـﻰ ﺗﺻﺑـﺢ ﻛـﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﺑﻭﻫﻳﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺟﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬.‫ ﻭﺑﻼ ﺷﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺭﻛﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺭﻭﺱ ﻳﺧﺗﻠﻑ ﺍﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎ ً ﻛﺑﻳﺭﺍ ً ﻣﻥ ﻣﺻﻧﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺁﺧﺭ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻳﺛﺎﻧﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻡ( ﻻ ﺗﻧﺎﺳﺏ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‬°35 ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻛﺳﺗﺭﻳﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﻠﻝ ﺗﺣﺗﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺗﺭﺓ ﺗﺧﻣﻳﺭ ﻁﻭﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺧﻣﻳﺭ )ﺃﻗﻝ ﻣﻥ‬
.‫ﻡ‬°60 ‫[ ﺑﻭﺍﺳﻁﺔ ﺇﻧﺯﻳﻡ ﺟﻠﻭﻛﻭﺃﻣﻳﻠﻳﺯ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻧﺷﻁ ﺟﻳﺩﺍ ً ﻋﻧﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬18] ‫ﺍﻟﺗﺳﻛﻳﺭ‬

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