COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in
Spanish. (June 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
COVID-19 pandemic in Peru
COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Peru.svg
Departments with confirmed coronavirus cases
Confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants in Peru by departments
Show all
COVID-19 pandemic in Peru by provinces.svg
Confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Peru by provinces.
Confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants in Peru by provinces.
Show all
Disease COVID-19
Virus strain SARS-CoV-2
Location Peru
First outbreak Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case Lima
Arrival date 6 March 2020
(4 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
Confirmed cases 395,005
Severe cases 13,408 (hospitalized)
1,423 (ICU)
Recovered 276,452
Deaths
18,612
Fatality rate 4.71%
Government website
covid19.minsa.gob.pe
The COVID-19 pandemic in Peru is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2). The virus was reported to have spread to Peru on 6 March 2020 when a
25-year-old man who had travelled to Spain, France and the Czech Republic tested
positive.[1] On 15 March 2020, President Martín Vizcarra announced a country-wide
lockdown, closing borders, restricting domestic travel, and forbidding nonessential
business operations—excluding health facilities, food vendors, pharmacies, and
financial institutions.

Peru, with a total population of 32 million,[2] has a total of 1,002 intensive care
unit (ICU) beds available as of May 2020,[3] and was working on expanding its
nationwide ventilator stock from 40 to a desired 540 machines. The engineering and
production is supplied by the Peruvian military.[4] As of June 2020, oxygen was in
short supply.[5]

Contents
1 Background
2 Timeline
3 Statistics
3.1 Maps
3.2 General data
3.2.1 New confirmed cases
3.2.2 New recoveries
3.2.3 New deaths
3.3 Hospitalizations and admissions to the ICU
3.4 Discard tests
3.4.1 Tests carried out
3.4.2 New tests
3.4.3 Positivity
3.5 Cases by region
3.5.1 Comparison curves
4 See also
5 References
Background
COVID-19 cases in Peru (vte)
Deaths Recoveries Active cases
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Last 15 days

Date
# of cases
# of deaths
2020-07-14 333,867(+1.1%) 12,229(+1.5%)
2020-07-15 337,724(+1.2%) 12,417(+1.5%)
2020-07-16 341,586(+1.1%) 12,615(+1.6%)
2020-07-17 345,537(+1.2%) 12,799(+1.5%)
2020-07-18 349,500(+1.1%) 12,998(+1.6%)
2020-07-19 353,590(+1.2%) 13,187(+1.5%)
2020-07-20 357,681(+1.2%) 13,384(+1.5%)
2020-07-21 362,087(+1.2%) 13,579(+1.5%)
2020-07-22 366,550(+1.2%) 17,455(+29%[i])
2020-07-23 371,096(+1.2%) 17,654(+1.1%)
2020-07-24 375,961(+1.3%) 17,843(+1.1%)
2020-07-25 379,884(+1%) 18,030(+1%)
2020-07-26 384,797(+1.3%) 18,229(+1.1%)
2020-07-27 389,717(+1.3%) 18,418(+1%)
2020-07-28 395,005(+1.4%) 18,612(+1.1%)
Sources:
Ministry of Health (2020)[6]
Notes:

On 22 July, the Ministry of Health reported 13,767 deaths, to which 3,688 deaths
were added according to the update made by the working group in charge of analyzing
the clinical characteristics of the deceased due to COVID-19, making a total of
17,455 deaths.[7]

On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel

coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan
City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[8]
[9]

Unlike the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19[10][11]
has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a
significant total death toll.[12][10]

Timeline

Total confirmed cases (blue), total deaths (red), and reported deaths on the last
ten days (dotted black) on a logarithmic scale.
On 6 March the first confirmed case in Peru was announced. The person was a 25-
year-old Peruvian living in Lima who had recently returned from travels in France,
Spain, and the Czech Republic.[1]

On 10 March 2020, 11 cases were confirmed. 7 of the new cases were related to the
first known case in Peru.[13] On the following day, two new cases were registered.
[14] Due to the global pandemic, the Peruvian government decided to cancel classes
in public and private schools, as a precautionary measure until 30 March.[15]
On 15 March, President Martín Vizcarra made a national announcement, declaring a
15-day quarantine effective from 16 March. Putting in place stringent rules 9 days
after the first case was seen in the country. There was a sudden ban on all travel
between provinces, all travel into and out of the country, and a ban put on place
for planes, boats, trains, buses, and private automobiles.[16]

People in Lima wearing facemasks on 16 March

On 16 March, a group of four Mexicans from Tamaulipas who went to Cusco, on
vacation could not return to Mexico until 2 April because all flights had been
canceled and the borders of Peru were closed.[17] Furthermore, thousands of
American, Israeli, Australian, and British tourists trapped mostly in Cusco and
Lima were unable to leave the country in the 24 hours between announcement of the
quarantine and cessation of all flights. On this day, the President also announced
a sum of 380 soles (US$106) would be given to vulnerable families to help while
most people are unable to work.[18]

On 17 March, the second full day of quarantine, citizens were required to fill out
an online form to obtain permission to leave home.[19] Military paraded the streets
of Lima to enforce this, and people were not allowed to walk together. At 8 pm that
night through an organized effort, Peruvians and residents in Peru went out to
their balconies and windows to applaud the front-line workers such as doctors, the
Peruvian Armed Forces, market shop owners, and National Police of Peru to applaud
their efforts during the pandemic.[20]

On 18 March, the government tightened the measures of quarantine, implementing a

curfew from 8 PM-5 AM where citizens are not allowed to leave their homes. A man
who was seen taking out the trash that night was cornered by a dozen police cars
and motorcycles, and arrested.[21] Another 153 people in the provinces of Lima and
Callao were detained that night for violating curfew.[22]

On 19 March, the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA) was briefed about the first
death related to the disease, a 78-year-old man.[23] On the same day, the death
toll was updated to 3.[24]

On 20 March, President Vizcarra announced that Minister of Health Elizabeth

Hinostroza would be stepping down from her post in favor of Victor Zamora Mesia,
who the President stated had more experience in the Public health sector and was
more experienced in the face of this pandemic.[25] The President was also quoted as
saying that if all citizens respect the quarantine and abide properly by its laws,
the state of emergency could be lifted at the end of the 15-day quarantine,[26] a
relief in the face of bordering countries such as Chile declaring a 90-day state of
emergency. President Vizcarra also issued a decree to convert the Villa
Panamericana de Lima, the residential complex used for athletes of 2019 Pan
American Games, into hospital facilities with 3,000 beds dedicated for coronavirus
patients.[27] The conversion and allocation of medical equipment was performed by
the armed forces of Peru.[27]

On 26 March, President Vizcarra made a national announcement that the quarantine

would be extended by 13 days, lasting until 12 April.[28] He cited the number of
infringements of quarantine, especially in the Department of La Libertad.[citation
needed]

On 30 March, the President made further restrictions to the curfew (which was
previously 8 pm to 5 am nationwide), extending its start from 4 pm for departments
of La Libertad, Loreto, Piura, and Tumbes, and a start of 6 pm for the rest of the
country to further limit movement. As a response, grocery stores which were open
until 4 pm before now close at 3 pm. As of this date, there were 950 positive
tests, 24 deaths, 49 patients in the ICU, and 37 on mechanical ventilation.[29]

A member of the Peruvian Army with a police dog enforces curfew on 31 March 2020

The Peruvian Army converting the Villa Panamericana de Lima into a 3,000 bed
complex for coronavirus patients
On 2 April, the President made a live announcement to the country that for the
remaining 10 days of quarantine, they would add one more restriction to flatten the
curve. Mobilization outside of the house will be limited by days. Only men will be
able to leave the house to buy groceries, medicines, or go to the bank on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday.[30] Only women are allowed outside on Tuesday, Thursday, and
Saturday. No one is allowed on Sunday. These restrictions are to allow easy
identification by police and military (rather than others that require more precise
identification, such as even and odd numbers of each person's DNI number), and to
reduce circulation by 50%.[31] Wearing of masks in public was officially declared
compulsory, although it was a rule enforced by police and military for a few weeks
up to this announcement.[32] As of 31 March, there were 1,414 positive cases, 189
hospitalized patients, and 51 in the ICU.[citation needed]

On 3 April, the government announced that all foreigners currently in Peru will
automatically have their visa extended until the end of the state of emergency is
over. Once the quarantine is lifted, all international tourists will have 45 days
to leave the country. As of this date, the United States Department of State
announced they had repatriated over 4,680 Americans through flights chartered from
Washington Dulles airport to Lima and Cusco.[33]

On 7 April, President Vizcarra announced that for Holy Week, Thursday and Friday
there will be no one allowed to leave home for regular business.[citation needed]

On 8 April, President Vizcarra once again extended the quarantine by 2 weeks, until
26 April. On this day, the Ministry of Health confirmed the first death due to
coronavirus of a medical personnel working in the front lines of the pandemic. This
occurred in the San Juan de Lurigancho district of Lima, and only his initials
W.A.B.C. were released.[34]

On 10 April, President Vizcarra renounced the previously proposed gender rotation,

and reinstated that only one member of a household can leave the home per week,
from Monday through Saturday.[35] This was partly attributed to days that women
were permitted to leave culminated in long lines and crowded supermarkets, causing
a difficulty in maintaining social distancing guidelines.[36][37] It also allowed
for the creation of viral memes of men who were then asked to do grocery shopping
for the household.[36]

On 22 April, representatives and the dean from the Medical College of Peru met with
the Víctor Zamorra, the Minister of Health, proposing to extend the quarantine by
at least two more weeks.[38] There are a total of 237 doctors infected by
coronavirus in the country, of whom 9 are being treated in the ICU. Of the doctors
infected, 69 of them are in Lima, and 62 are in Iquitos.[39]

On 23 April, President Vizcarra announced the extension of quarantine and the state
of emergency 2 more weeks until 10 May. He made reference that people's practices
of social distancing, wearing masks when in public, and hesitation of gathering in
large groups must be continued on for much longer even after the state of emergency
ends.[40]

On 3 May, the Government of Peru published a legislative decree, which stipulates

the gradual re-opening of the economy in four stages. The first stage of the
recovery, which will start in May, will enable certain restaurants to offer on-site
pick-up and home delivery services. In addition, during the first stage, limited
hotel and tourist transportation services will be allowed. The full text of the
legislative decree is available in Spanish[41]

On 8 May, President Vizcarra announced the decision to extend the State of

Emergency until Sunday 24 May. It was indicated, between the National Police and
the Armed Forces, There will be 150,000 troops on the streets, enforcing the
measures ordered. The Head of State reported that, as of Monday, 11 May, the
immobilization mandatory social will be from 8 at night. This will allow attention
in banks and markets is extended, which will reduce concentrations of people. The
modification in the schedule will not apply to the Loreto, La Libertad, Lambayeque,
Tumbes and Piura, where the restriction will continue to be implemented from 4 in
the afternoon. Starting Monday, the 18th of this month, children up to the age of
14 will be allowed - accompanied by an adult - to go out for 30 minutes as exercise
up to no more than 500 meters from their homes.[42]

On 11 May, there was a national mandate requiring the use of masks and gloves
inside of supermarkets. The use of masks had been compulsory since the beginning of
the country's lockdown on 17 March, and the mandatory use of gloves had been
implemented by independent districts and markets over the past week.[43] Later
during the day, however, the Minister of Health Víctor Zamorra announced that the
national mandate of the use of gloves will be in revision, and in the afternoon
announced that it will no longer be compulsory, citing it as an administrative
error.[44]

Quarantine Extension: Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra announced today, 22 May,

that Peru's state of emergency and quarantine measures will remain in effect
through 11:59 pm on Tuesday, 30 June.[45]

By 26 May, around 85% of ICU beds with ventilators were occupied, despite strict
measures like curfews and border closings. Medical experts have commented that the
severity of the outbreak in Peru can be explained at least in part by economic
circumstances. Many residents have to travel daily to markets to purchase food
because only 49% of households own refrigerators or freezers; even in urban areas
it is only 61%. Banks have experienced crowding as relief recipients without bank
accounts had to go in person to get their stimulus money.[46]

It has been noted that the level of infections was significant lower at high
altitude, with only 1,062 cases reported in the Cuzco Region by May 31.[47]

Statistics
Note: The graphics presented here are only visible by computers and some phones. If
you cannot see it on your cell phone, switch to desktop mode from your browser.
The official data provided by the government is updated until 00:00 a day on its
publication.
Maps

Confirmed deaths by COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants.

Confirmed cases in districts of Lima and Callao.

Confirmed cases for every thousand inhabitants in the districts of Lima and Callao.

General data
New confirmed cases

New recoveries

New deaths

Note 1: The charts have been corrected and updated in accordance with MINSA's
latest sincere death toll.[48]

Note 2: Week 1 counts only 3 days, from Friday 6 to Sunday 9 March 2020.

Hospitalizations and admissions to the ICU

Discard tests
Tests carried out

New tests

Positivity

Note: Week 1 counts only 3 days, from Friday 6 to Sunday 9 March 2020.

Cases by region
COVID-19 cases in Peru per region as of 28 Jul 2020 UTC-5[49]
Region
or autonomous province Population
(proy. 2020)[50] Cases Deaths Lethality
(%)[n 1]
Flag of Lima.svg Metropolitan Lima 9,674,755 190,422 7,922 4.16
Bandera del Callao.png Callao 1,129,854 20,679 1,012 4.89
Bandera Region Piura.png Piura 2,047,954 20,498 1,246 6.08
Flag of Lambayeque Department.svg Lambayeque 1,310,785 16,604 1,207 7.27
Bandera Región Lima.png Lima 953,715 16,292 777 4.77
La Libertad Flag(PER).png La Libertad 2,016,771 14,377 1,294 9.00
Bandera de Arequipa.svg Arequipa 1,497,438 12,699 696 5.48
Bandera Ancash.png Ancash 1,180,638 11,332 810 7.15
Bandera Región Ica.png Ica 975,182 10,927 788 7.21
Bandera Región Loreto.png Loreto 1,027,559 10,721 544 5.07
Bandera Región Ucayali.png Ucayali 589,110 9,525 229 2.40
Bandera San Martín.png San Martin 899,648 7,841 280 3.57
Bandera Junín.png Junin 1,361,467 6,947 384 5.53
Flag of Huánuco.svg Huanuco 760,267 5,718 191 3.34
Bandera de Cajamarca.svg Cajamarca 1,453,711 5,140 196 3.81
Amazonas bandera.png Amazonas 426,806 4,997 123 2.46
Bandera de Tumbes.svg Tumbes 251,521 4,019 209 5.20
Bandera de Cusco.png Cusco 1,357,075 3,808 73 1.92
Flag of Ayacucho.svg Ayacucho 668,213 3,366 72 2.14
Flag of Madre de Dios Department.svg Madre de Dios 173,811 2,994 96 3.21
Bandera Moquegua Perú.png Moquegua 192,740 2,517 57 2.26
Flag of Tacna.svg Tacna 370,974 2,406 29 1.21
Bandera Región Puno.png Puno 1,237,997 1,862 68 3.65
Flag of Pasco Department.svg Pasco 271,904 1,705 42 2.46
Bandera de Huáncavelica.png Huancavelica 365,317 1,495 37 2.47
Apurimacbandera.jpg Apurimac 430,736 826 36 4.36
Total 32,625,948 389,717 18,418 4.73
Percentage of deaths in total cases.
Comparison curves
Curve of confirmed cases in Lima in relation to the national total
Curve of the five departments (with the exception of Lima) with more confirmed
cases

Note: There is no official record of the number of confirmed cases by departments

on July 25 and 26, 2020.

See also
COVID-19 pandemic by country
COVID-19 pandemic in South America
References
"Peru records first confirmed case of coronavirus, President Vizcarra says".
Reuters. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
"Peru Population (2020) – Worldometer". worldometers.info. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
"Perú tendrá 4.486 nuevas camas de hospitalización y 232 de UCI para atender la
pandemia" (in Spanish). 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
World, Republic. "Peru manufactures respirators for virus patients". Republic
World. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
Guy, Jack; Rebaza, Claudia (5 June 2020). "Peruvians cry out for oxygen as
coronavirus takes its toll". CNN. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
"Ministerio de Salud – MINSA | Gobierno del Perú". Gob.pe.
"Minsa: Casos confirmados por coronavirus Covid-19 ascienden a 366 550 en el Perú
(Comunicado N° 180)" (in Spanish). 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from
the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to
becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5
March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
"Crunching the numbers for coronavirus". Imperial News. Archived from the original
on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
"High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high
consequence infectious diseases and their management in England". Government of the
United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March
2020.
"World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus". wfsahq.org.
Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
"Ascienden a once los casos de coronavirus en Perú" (in Spanish). CNN. 10 March
2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
"Coronavirus en Perú: Se incrementa a 13 el número de casos". Correo (in Spanish).
11 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
"No hay clases en colegios públicos y privados hasta el 30 de marzo, anuncia
Vizcarra". Correo (in Spanish). 11 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
"Coronavirus en Perú: Gobierno anuncia cuarentena obligatoria por 15 días por
coronavirus". Gestión. 16 March 2020.
"Cierre de fronteras deja varados a mexicanos en Perú". El Informador :: Noticias
de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento.
"Martín Vizcarra anuncia bono de 380 soles a familias que dependan de trabajos
diarios". larepublica.pe. 16 March 2020.
"Coronavirus: Mininter habilita web para solicitar permiso especial de tránsito".
canaln.pe.
"Coronavirus en Perú: agradecen con aplausos a personal que labora durante estado
de emergencia [VIDEO]". larepublica.pe. 18 March 2020.
"Hombre que sacó la basura durante toque de queda fue detenido [VIDEO]".
larepublica.pe. 19 March 2020.
"Toque de queda: 153 personas detenidas en Lima y Callao por no acatar medida
[VIDEO]". larepublica.pe. 19 March 2020.
"Coronavirus: MINSA anuncia que primer fallecido por COVID-19 en Perú es de 78
años". libero.pe. 19 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020.
Retrieved 19 March 2020.
 "Coronavirus en Perú EN VIVO: tres muertos y 234 casos, las cifras de COVID-19 en
el país". El Comercio Perú. 19 March 2020.
"Coronavirus en Perú: Reemplazan a Elizabeth Hinostroza como ministra de Salud".
Peru21. 20 March 2020.
"Coronavirus en Perú | Martín Vizcarra: Si los días que quedan los trabajamos
bien, no sería necesario ampliar estado de emergencia". RPP.
"Villa Panamericana se convertirá en hospital con 3,000 camas para infectados por
Covid-19". Gestión (in Spanish). 20 March 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
"COVID-19 Information". U.S. Embassy in Peru. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April
2020.
"Sube a 950 el número de contagiados y 24 los fallecidos por covid-19".
Elperuano.pe. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
Perú, Redacción El Comercio (6 April 2020). "Congreso envió al Ejecutivo autógrafa
de ley sobre retiro de fondos de las AFP". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved
6 April 2020.
De 2020, 2 De Abril. "Por el coronavirus, Perú ordenó que hombres y mujeres
circulen por separado hasta el 12 de abril". Infobae.
"Coronavirus: Uso de mascarillas será obligatorio para circular por la vía
pública". canaln.pe.
"Alert: Pre-boarding Information and Peruvian Visa Extensions – U.S. Embassy Lima,
Peru (Apr. 3, 2020)". 4 April 2020.
"Coronavirus Peru Minsa confirma muerte de primer médico del Ministerio de Salud
por COVID-19 en Distrito San Juan de Lurigancho SJL". libero.pe. 9 April 2020.
Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
"Coronavirus: Gobierno cancela días de salidas diferenciadas para hombres y
mujeres". 10 April 2020. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 13
April 2020.
"Coronavirus Perú: Así es la salida de mujeres a los mercados en Lima tras medida
de Martín Vizcarra [FOTOS]". 4 April 2020.
"Miembro del Comando COVID-19: "Lo ideal era que mujeres salgan cuatro días a la
calle y los hombres solo dos"". 9 April 2020.[permanent dead link]
"Colegio Médico se reunió con el Ministerio de Salud y le sugirió extender la
cuarentena". ATV.
Peru21, Redacción (18 April 2020). "Hay 237 doctores infectados con coronavirus en
el país, afirma el Colegio de Médicos del Perú". Peru21.
LR, Redacción (24 April 2020). "Emergencia se prorroga dos semanas más, anunció
Martín Vizcarra". larepublica.pe.
"El Peruano - Decreto Supremo que aprueba la reanudación de actividades económicas
en forma gradual y progresiva dentro del marco de la declaratoria de Emergencia
Sanitaria Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de la Nación a
consecuencia del COVID-19 - DECRETO SUPREMO - N° 080-2020-PCM - PODER EJECUTIVO -
PRESIDENCIA DEL CONSEJO DE MINISTROS". Busquedas.elperuano.pe. Retrieved 27 May
2020.
"Acciones del Gobierno frente al COVID-19 (08/05/2020) | Gobierno del Perú".
Gob.pe. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
Gestión, Redacción (11 May 2020). "A partir de hoy será obligatorio uso de guantes
para ingresar a bancos y mercados". Gestión.
Arango, Melissa Barrenechea (11 May 2020). "COVID-19 | Gobierno publica fe de
erratas: uso de guantes en bancos y mercados ya no es obligatorio". RPP.
"Peru: Government extends state of emergency against COVID-19 thru June 30".
Andina. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
"Peru seemed to do everything right. So how did it become a Covid-19 hotspot?". 26
May 2020.
Tegel, Simeon (31 May 2020). "From the Andes to Tibet, the coronavirus seems to be
sparing populations at high altitudes". The Washington Post.
"Plataforma de datos abiertos - Fallecidos".
"Sala Situacional".
"PERÚ:Estimaciones y proyecciones de población por departamento, provincia y
distrito, 2018-2020" (PDF).
vte
COVID-19 pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svgCOVID-19 portalFlag of Peru.svgPeru portalWHO
Rod.svgMedicine portalSida-aids.pngViruses portal
Categories: COVID-19 pandemic in Peru2020 in PeruCOVID-19 pandemic by countryCOVID-
19 pandemic in South AmericaDisease outbreaks in Peru
Navigation menu
Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog in
ArticleTalk
ReadView sourceView historySearch
Search Wikipedia
Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
Contribute
Help
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Wikidata item
Print/export
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons

Languages
‫العربية‬
Deutsch
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa Melayu
Português
Русский
中文
11 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 29 July 2020, at 14:00 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and
Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,
Inc., a non-profit organization.