scot" Modern Indio. . wee a3 (ma seth aot] . coger: 4. Advent of Europeans * 2. British Conapsest of Sndio. 3. British -rdministrative and Economtc policies 44. Revolt and movernents 5. Socio- Religious Reform mnovernents 6. National’ novement Cy _ Asher sh Bercteam * Mog a, nag 2 Vascodagama ; Aucovered sea route .to Qndia. [Portugese soilot) (cattcat} to 18Me the trade Wot Canied out through the follewing Route: — Avebian sea — Red bea — Sua — meditorian Sea. [Sealy] . . {teotm’ Gn 4453, the trade came to end because the “Turkish getters did not allowed -the merchank . do, European countries were under. Crisis. “tn 1486, Baie -fromLzbon started to fend” roube to Soda , bub he stoped the Search because at the bottom ¥ africa [ south Africa] he founded an avea tohere +the ships were éinked inks Seq ard named t as” Cape of skoms* , but the king changed tt +4 “cope ¢ good dupe * Spanish rulers sponsexed atalian sculors , wo cembinent agftee -voveled Soodim in 4u92, cletophet colurlan cligcove ved a ne Ptmestecll .doker, Amerigo Vespucet ’ tas -sent 15 Confirm “American continent - “Red Sndians* a paimnitive tribe [believed that -they were -from Sndza] 08 —found in Aouth America wer nslot & So 4494-198, Vascodagama, sith help of a Guyaralt merchant he sfirally landed tm calteut (india), [ No Countay. Ym the World was influenced by this 4:0 discoveries] -- Zamoxin *, King of Colca’ tavtted Vascodagama.- Portuguese ; she merchanly came te Indio. outs t exdes] i ORGER British: (a cronslegica Danes (Renmosk) Except french f public seckox UnderEakingt} French Stheas were vepresentativer ¢ peivate Companies : Portuguese : [1500- 196] 1° come and tast hue Eoxopeans in 1600, ” Esteda. Ba india nti" 1 portuguese Compan founded. Settlements = Calf€cut 1500 chtttagang- Kochhin te Kerola Hoglt Bengal Cananom Sagqay ee st-thom — Madras Bassein ( Maharaskyo. salstity Surat 276 Bhaug Nga GuiatorFranscisde Almida [41504-1599] Pad For tuquese Goveand. _ Albuquergue s (1509-1515) Jn 1510, he defected Blzopur Sultans ord. taken” Goa fn 1511, a -friendly “treaty with. Svt krishno, Bevatoun.. Nino Be Cunha Gin 4620, he shifted headquaters fom Kochhin to Gea. Maxtin Alfonso 2'souza Im 1540, Saint Francis Yavigh, catholic mimionate cose to India. a! L she alone conuetked 7 laths ficherman ints christianity. (jon Tari nn is Hts mummy 1 kept in Goa church. . ail contrébution to Sodio t eouErpUrion lie eelg . * On s4tbe | various new crops were Introduced, include , Tobacco, maize, chillies (Jahangee woot empexé) tm 1566 [% promote christianity ] of 1 bock printed tm Indiat Saint Peter) thazia ( roara ti ] eS langue ¥ Prenti Paw ting press st * Telugu book painted mm 2ndia? Bible wae Reasons be, dealing : Portuguese has monopely over. ta trade In Sndia oboul sooyrs. th Aftex 1600, Porluguese uke. defeated by Mogbals, ne ee * On 1632, shahyahan gfeyght against them [conflict bho thara] ReacOns' —avrehle eanverciong £B MoarragetHaz Pilgrims coene trobubted “the Portuguese - # conflict wth marathas Peeshwa Baji Ras -2 captured Solsetty ¢ Bassein * they wete beatten by Butth a arifhex Aftet alll this, they lost all settlementi eacept , Gea, Siu, Sainan [eu saat} & 4264, pperation vipay [ Paslebexatson F sea} Ruth : ww a 4 7 4602, Butch United east Sdn Tompany Settlements: Machi ipatnam » 1605 (Keishes) Bhim tht patnam (vig) Nizompatnam (gents) Pulzkat (netloce » Taniliidi) —s etl 4620 head quaters ®evanampatnam (1) Negapatnany(m—> after’ 1690, head quaters. Chinsura (Bengal) Balasore (ortssa) East coast is famous for “cotton teatiles * For Butch, Andonesia t so imp. the governox of Sndonesia was the tmcharge of Andian Settlement - # Sn 1959, “Battle f Badera” bho Dutch 6 Brilishers. Cael ent AU Butch settlements werksoocupied by British:Brttishs of British Bec. af, 1800 + a group of merchank” “porns @ Company En Wish East -2ndio. Company, Queen Etizabeth -9 , passed a charter — a5yrs monopdly right “6 the Company. Yames-£ , passed another. charter “m 1604 ie the monopoly. Pesiod of the company cans extended ‘ndefenitely [untimitea period Monopoly sights, were ended ty 1843 [economte powers] Ssltlements : , Surat , 1608 Machttipaknam; 4611 [4 settlement in Cosarnandal coast} B head qpaters: * Bombay “hese BlteY wore benlt by Britichers and * Madras eq them . . atte ako developed M . ladvas : tite Jo 1637, Francés Bay procured the city -from Damerla Venkatadst natdi and named at Chennapatnam [aftes the Mame gq venkatradsi slatdu father chennappa} * Saint George Feat és ako built by him. Bombay: Anan 3h 1668, Gexald fnugits. , procured the Site fiom Baitish King , Phen John -B for annual tease ¢ 10 pounds aw 181Caleta 3 “to 3690, ob chasnock purchased 3 wilages from the Moghal. governor. & Bengal ° Govindapua. > Satnautt © Kalf kata « Fort wstliam “wear puilk in. Caleutta - Lis seat of Governance Banes 2- . Onn Fraders of Denmark Setllement ; ae Faamgubat , Me 4616 HeadgHaters: Somes An 4845, Danes sold theta seltlemenk te Britishers and leftdntia French 8 ern 4664,” French fast Sndto Company wat founded . French East India Con : [govt company) Seblements : Suaat , 1668 Machilipaknom | i” . Venom . chandranagor. (ergo!) Mahe (kezala) > Kastkhl CramilNadu) Pondichhesi ( Uda paters)a . Jn 1643, Francois Mastin “procured the site from sulers. [ Builder t *Gouernot. ¢ pandichhes] Depleta ( French great goveanar] 3 wars bw British ¢ French — Karnatib wars’ -FamrilNods) (Ato fren Karnal —scopital * @axcot” Cstate) uN aah aynate vin (2346-1848) fe evopean political conflte Leads fo this war. ‘e., we dustrtan wos of Succe sion i Events ¢ * Bupleix captured Madras Raler Karnatic ; Anwar -ud -din * War blo French t Anwar-ud-din at ¢t- thom Eads Lo tas defeated by freneh- 7 . 4 . * treaty bhw england € France at Aia-ta- chappell , one & ‘the provision t Matis twat diven back te @ritishers £4 kesnabte wat $ g kaanatte wat [raya sé} Reasons: Succession clisputes fh Bndia ic state + Soe © chonda Saheb (bother) —Anwoar Ve o * Nizam stale Heodqaters! Aurangabad : Nazar yung Ve Mujaf for Tony (regres) Dp Roth ctates, Brttishers We rosted the King. in powel.Events: n ¥ Jn 1449, Battle # —Ambur “ Dupleia kited Anwar -ud-din [s mali (Pines) am ausal and hidden Ih Trruchunopailt Chonda saheb usa declared ac King. + Dn 1460, Nazar Jung was amamanaked « Mujaffar yang wos declarad as king and he wos PRotecked by ‘Busey’ (French governor) a * 9 Roberk clive" [mock powerful officer of East India company anne brought to South India from Bengot be fought aginst french. ¥ In 1963, Battle of Arcot Chanda Saheb was killed by clive [Heao ¢ Arcot} Md. ali declared as Kiug. # On 4458, Mufaffax yong yoas angarsinated. End: ~ Sn 4466, treaty f pandicterey 34 Carnatie was. [1456-68] CAAA, Qn 4960, at wardtwash [wandavasi}nea pandi chbesy . ‘ Bpitte French Ghurk Be. jolly usar defeated boy Sri h Fe Offi ced. “Sin éyre conte” AU french cettlements were taken by Brilich- + Tn S63, Treaty ¢ Pari settlements shall be given back,Th 984 , because of diplomatic Pressure French settlementy Were handover to Indian get : [ chandra Nagur , Yanam , Karoikal , pondicherry, mabe] oe ” merged 1) Recicheary Unt Tenritory ‘4 west Benq 185British Drtkich Congpest of Dodie of Indio. Distntegratt : Listntegration fe Mughal empixe [ 1103-1857) — Later iMoghal emperors (8) * Bahodux shah-2 on shoh Alam-@ [4407-12] shah-t- Bekhabaxt , title given by contemporary [Needless king] - tistovtans . * Jahondox shah [4412-33] Annan Wazir : kh ORE SUTRAS ee Reforms: © In 1412, abolition Eijiya . Ie. Sgeeen — new revenue System 4 Revenue collection poroers Were quien to omadle : $0, Tax Broken system’, * Forukstyor [aasa-49) Ti90 syed brothers —de facko power ° Syed Abdulla Khan — wari oP: Bye Hossain khan — Meetbhakshi (Serapali) Fasuksiyax Hale by Syed baothers. * Md. shah CRangtla) [1419-48] Ly Pleasure living man "3 Nadia shah’ tnvasion £739 , @ Battle of Kusnal, Haryana é \ "a Nominal wad sepeoa gro — He went Boot kin onesNadir shah went back ty his country with Focroret, peacotk throne, Kehinur dlamond. Tico powerful officese ef this petiod ° Nizam-ut-mulk © Burhan -ul- mutt Lis he left dethi am £482 and found a nu skate folted “Awadh’ , tosabad was headgpakers afler chifted ts tucknow . * Nizam-ul-mulk , 1424 -founded Nizam state, Avranga bad as capital - [he selected this area because earlier. he worked twice as the governor & Aurangabed | # Abend shah [4448-54] Wazir: ‘Imad -uL- motk Ahmad shah was blinded g prisened. Another psince te powet — Alangis —8 + Moog 8 [1954-5] He was kilted and naked dead body was thrown into yamuna giver » teksts [peeing] He nevea entered 12475 peli becaue, fear ¢ Pmad 1 (he was tn Awodh} Tewritosy > Belhi to Palom a Crem) “ 19 4803, Delhi was caphured ffort 4 Andie company , gS somes we Be% Akbar -2 [1306-33] enable -to poy calovier te wovkers, Maintenance _ Fon wat in te him: \ Pension : eet Rama Mohan Roll — tikle = Loja" [ Bengali Brahman] = 2, In ‘Bristd™ {1833) , Rarna Mohan Roy vas died & buried . * Bohaduechah-@ [1839-8] Stpai's revolt against British, in 1854 eit woe) —— Sndtan sddiers Weseing % england army Bahadur shah wat elected as leader te this movernent Jin 4863, 85-1 died tn Rangoon” , Barra ee ve * oy Soor tewvibories ouk g 1000+ ° British stacked conquest with Bergal im 4393 , ¢ Beitiah comes ended with ” Anwadh® tn 1868. bord Hastings [sets- a3] +O Governor Gextral alone Conquered 360 Kemgdoms After 1856, 663 IndepeBenk territories i India Princely India (sor) British India. — Soot teraitoas ( S07.) Apter, SGT 663 primeely stakes We Gordie fakiston — dented Sndependence van and they hod t join either, 188 dh. twa one fort (TU ¢ Pak)Congest of Bengal: Th 1914, a qouernon oMugshtd Kult khan” declared himself 8 @ Kawab- : Converted Brahmin , South ( ea In 3366, "sttaj edd P cainerte potees an 4453," Battle ¢ ‘plascyy" fio Britishers 4 Suaj-ud-Aetla Cost que] [he wos titted) , Caysest+ Issue of fork * Mibvse.of the trade privilages. In Bengal , the trade prtuilages were given by faxuksigar f& 4434 [ Faruksiyot 1317 Firman]. Ac: t th East India company exemptea to texte tmpors ¢ expos In & states + qvjarak , Beccan, Bengal [annual payment q soo ] * she British interference tm the administration Matters. * Qn 1466 , capture Pork Wilttary and Black bole tragedy, —thiauts Ermediate reason for the Battle “Tm Battle. f- Plassey Barish forces were Led by Robeat clive * Bretish Conquest the Bengal in 4463 but Sk is baleen by Britishers to 1478 [154s duled by British poppet] % Mijotar f 1351-60) 2 teacrores bod been quero compar) as Compensation. Beginning f Brain of wealth Gndian ————_> england qpypilaberal flow & wealth ° 24 paroganas coexe given & company ,& Mickhasim [ 1160-69] penne « 3 disbicl’ bed been quer ‘b Company. + Midnapore + BuYdwon - chtthagang- copttal shifted te Mongbus from puchidabod * Wisjarfad [agin appointed on toler # Bgl % Méxkhasim ook the help & Ausadh Heng. TR parted treaty > Méxkhasiin + shuja-vd-daula + Shah plan -D. + Gn 46, Sale g Burt Batish forces were led by Hector Manko the 3 people were. defeated . * Wm L465, the TTeaty 4 sAllababad Previn: the duab gout noar established tn Benga . (Civ65- 73 Administiation 1908 diutded into & % @rwani admon (Revenue) — Fast Indla company OD Nizamakalmn Slaw gorder] — Nawab So sHa, pocoerful Bengal Governor, warren Hastings abolished dual gost: Aast Bengal naveab —* Nojmud -dauto." 1903 CE ges Aymara bw Mysore aulers and: Britishers — doghzmysore Srikrishna Devadoya created Mysore province Headqpater rSrt Rangapatnam Governos of Mysore . _wod s4an. declared independence tn 4640. (oypes) A mutstimn offices ¢ wodeyars, Hyder al? * Ataminted “tbe eoodlexo Aue - (£164 -aa] Hydes Ali war appointed at fausdar of Dindigal by wodeys 4461-94" é Hyder ali ¢ Teppe sultan juled Mysore . [izea-aq) * Anglo- Ingsone: oat ¢ [1366 -69) Hyder Ale Vs Lord Mac Cariney (adres govern) status qe streaky — adrac -treaty ‘ [No loss , no gain lo ony pasty] “Aras race > [fneo-e4] tet Faas Hyder alt Vy aareen Ratti next ars — Tepusbllan (ovr: General) Treabey 4_Mangaloze a2 Angle - Mysore. won + (490-972) Tipu svitan Vs Cornwallis . Suppo f Hydtcbad or) Tipu Cuttan was defeated Me “Exh angapatmam -treaky— Provisigne: Serj. fener tuwerttems sae tnken nsec, bey mech* Serores yor Compensation tote gerne i] Gova. Genexal — Lovd wrellesley- Tep sotton was killed - “Trpu Sultan & People use to called him as shen -e -Mysone, ( Tyee ef mys oat] a Gntroduced new calendar * Uniform woalgnls and measured * abolished ogikdor systems oon fry Karnabain, Polegaxs cose coppreesed by TP “ fi ers. ub appointed by wijoye ages a dime , polegor= £ tenn lord gpten thelr Oe confliels aubing the wiloget en sem] wn then[ #21 Pm + Medesn industries Were promoted - * & nekwork of highways were built iy Kerala Travancore captured by Ttpsultan # Fooeign trade wos promoted - % He sent the commercial embaiadors b% France, Rastia, china, Boama, iran, Gurkey- ¢ te these courkdy (Matobos] Mangalore. goa — spice sandol wood Eonugsoxe) a * He become Vouclose to French Slasted modernization of ABmy Tioeatian none membele ta volittcal path » TJacobin club,w% 1489 _ Tacebin leaders stashed French Reuolution wat A dtberty. eyalily , Fraternity =oslogane f frerch revolut Dr. Gillati, who invented a man killing reachine * Commemegation of the victory f French tevolution, a tree £ . Uberte was planted tn mysore. by Tpsultan - ‘ England — Queen f Seat . After French revolution, Napolean came te power fo See the end of Britishers but falled because g¢ lack Nowy. * Tep Bolkaxy uxote a setter to Napolean to fauttel him bb India At that time, Mapolean tear cenguered one g colerey British , Egypt (coneasar te India) . * He qifted costly greme @ Jewellaoy te Sheilare sharada temple tn “shingest. — > but these twat looted by Mayathas. Huydee Ali minted the Coins with Siva- Parvati symbols > gave castly ornaments t Lord Balaji in Tirupati - the succemors of “tp Sultan. were Sent to caleutta at pensioners. Today, Geseendess ot Fp sultan fo calcutta os Stha pullers . trtfeha) # Sn 4399, a small territory wor CReaked by Britishers and given to Wodeyors. {Rest was Earen by tri tishers wate ~ Gomlitions : 7 (Ohi Wodeyars musk Sign the Subsidiary alltance 7 Cos designed by Lord Wellede Odective = ‘ es a Bective Establishing He control over Snctvan Hesritorley Nithout wagsTh any Gndion Ruler Signa the Subsidiary alliance , #% British would tate the vesponaibiléty 4 protection ty * British would maintain subsidiary forces %m Perce f-the cost & boved by Indian wlers} - = a Nigam Alt “5 first King to sign subsidary Alzane. He gave -four. territories to British» Bellary , Kuanoot, Kadopa, Anathput- 2 trick, HQ: Anantipes (edge Sed, get, We = renarrad of A dam Ls Royalaseema byy Sesvollar + Stymakaryy shalt Surrender foreign Relations Lo Briftshers.— # British aesident would be appeinted te manage eh these things - ps Conquest f Maratha & ET 1407-49) we Reeswot: Balajt Vishwanath [4413-20] Mysore —Belhi BajiRao -2 [2420-49] nate: — Abo (NS Calojt Boj Rao / Nanasaheb (1440-61) Le, after death ¢ Sabu, he shifted capital 5 Pape frown satel Abmad 6 Shab Abdal? —. qreatect sulee ¢ Atghanisedo Hig Son, Temus shah ‘Incharge f Atak ran uses from Atak because gf mazathas weyg plundered Attak-Jn 4461,” 4 patle ¢ paripat - Nana sdbell ls Abdal? peas val - Qo ls get dissolued > thea Leaders Martthos ‘al loratha -forces are lod by, Sadashive Rao shave Viswasa Rao ever fu, Masato farniltes: e Bhonsle — Rulers ¢ Nogput a > Seindhia — Gwwalion at geld nets were © kil HES = Hun je “the Imp persons of ot ipebetiaok = Gard es -thece fomiltes . + the count gold and ctlvet coins Lossed can be made [re that nod soliders were died in veot] * the beneficiariee f 3° battle f Panipat wae Brikishers . 1 trplo —maratha was 2 (1395-22) Peeshtoa: Madhava Rac-& Ve Warren tastings ($4) * skakus quo heal at salbe t Salbe treaty] 2% grglo- maratha war: (1403-06) peeshwoa: Bayi Rao-B , Signed subsidioty alliance s* 1203 Ly he Reed the resideut that leads to wor Peeshuon % Sotdhars defeated by Britishers . SS Angto~ Movaitha wor s [1947-124 . Boj Raos\e Lord Hastings had Hastings targeted "tadosts! try this war. Peecheen ‘Gai banaue d Gais.eaa-ll senkva taapis lantThe Satara'skate wat treated by Brikishers and oppointest one ¢ shvoyt’s felative , * Waha taja, Prathop Singh” as ruler... a Dt Congpresk ¢ Sindh 5 Ruterxs ¢t Strdh — Aries BH 1843. ke her Mohammed Phe signed Suosttiony aliree : 1089) Readenk chalet open Goueind general 2 Ellenbouzough chasles Naptet. gent a meq +0 qoveanat genetal otter. tonquesing the Sndu —" 9 tave stntndd” Conquest unjab 5. AE PT cen “beat After Mughal tule, @ skates were formed in ponjabsolted “mish * tneharge misides— Segberchekia (one emit) He: Hud (in pak) Rules: Renjit Singh (1392-1839) He Conquesed all other miska and fosmed Bogle skate fe Stkh Territory + [Maharaja Ranjit singh] He (one eyed rran) qove large amoont ¢ geld to Hassoand Sabibe “eenple (Wow, Golden ‘Temple 1 Amaitsoa | i Punjab hod aM best amy tn county, [Pe asivis) Qn his period, no comflecti ustth British. fn sqtho Mex hin death, Late simsh was Tame power. Bro mathe: Lan? ednaa palo < Sikh vont 8 [ae 45-46] - Gorn goad? Hovdinte-? 7 Siths were defeated , Lahore Treaty 24 Anglostthwort (sqe-u9] Goverron. Generals Dathousie Mother § Son sent London at pensioners . * Fanjab was the Lack éngdom Conquered by Britlchers Ubrough ator ockeiee Lae [se ‘ce to this concept, any stake created by th. Brillch, th PLCan not be Mnherited 4y adopted cons - Satara [4242] (3849) Zambalpux., orisia Weed] Tebpest, Burdieled Bhagak (1850) Oday pur, Ragastan [i282) Thanst , Bundelkhand [te53) Nakpus_ [48 su) * Awad, rulet-Wwajid Ali shah {is 56] Peter: mes goveanance finak.cdmtni stration) this was ask stale taken by Britithers Wajtd Ali shah —> Sent to calcutta § died with broken earl in same seat 197siaslst British Administration Adminfstrative struckuaes structure was Creaked by “the Acts passed by the " Betish Postioment” for. every douss * 4973, Regulating Ack (#4) * 1484 amendment Ack ts known as “it's India Ack Structure % im 2 -levelt + dondon —> Supervisory sole ° Sndia. fadon: * count of Direckors, by 1773 Aeguiating ck 2h members — majoc eharebolders of the Company “they have completely Superuisony poroek over Sndian admn. * Board of Controk , by $784 pitt!s India Ack - consist of @ members of pasitament , ore f the member & Cabinet Minister » functions a4 President ¢ Boosd - Qndias we * Ms pox 1443 Ack, the Governors of Madras ¢ Mumbai Aubosdinated to Governos f Fost william %H the matters of Waa and peace, So, the déeignation of Foxt willéam Governox changed as Foveanon General : 1° 6 of Fort wiluiam : Haren Hosting4833 Ack, charged the designation 4-4 aS Goveanon General ef India First Governion General of Qndia — williom Bentik * 1933 Regulating Ack was creaked an og called , ‘ Goveanon. General's Executive Covndt “— 4 members . pcksseauciees Se Every detision of the §-G can be approved by atlens Joye the -firct -form of the. Poaliarnent - * L484, peit's India Ad reduce the gq Ec members to 3 * 4733 Regulating Act. CAcated a Supreme Court in Galeutto [1 chief sustice +3 other judges] 1% chief gustice — Eliga, Seaphey” Revenue Administration g eee {Nok uniform -throughout indict] (Rermanent settlement SR ne ae tystern by 4765-4973 — Annual Bidding S48 Problems 5 Cosruption Prequent change ¢ land revenue Collectoz - 199Sino. Revenue Spm Yak 4. Rermanenk cctdwrent 2403 er Taming. f (O Salabet 2 Ryetwait settlers “9 o0z 3 Mahabeoast System 1833 Regions percentage pute i Loh develop thes) 4 Bengal Bihan 2% ‘ix Tehn chore Load Coan Walls orissa (489) & others Madras Cokhel aeobay 5A Park Lod Hastings eso “thomas Marko Conky (Kama) Ag xa prodine Central prove gg Nosth-toect Fronliee Lieand Punjab Rom. Bird wittion BentinckAi fewarent eter: * lands were given to Local Zamtndars weth total a bie % Zamindar a entitled to collec “gent ° meses * 4h) of amount’ — Zamindars 10),, 4 totalamount — Government ¥ 9b a decimal. settternent [10 yrs) Ryoksoasi system ¢ * Every peasant Hos gluen by a Fle deed . % land reverue && collecked divectly by the got fiom each and every individual Mahal wari System 2 C compocilte System] Agucatture Land of every villoge constitute te astete( mahal). fe Land is dtueded into mahals Govt fered the lard revenut fat entire mahal - * The amounk was collected by the Village conmittee/panchowat- [Modified vetcion of 2amdndatt system] Tediviany: ® * sh: ° No Equality before Law ° No legal codes [codefecation of lato} fe Judiciasy was not Seceelar. , becauwe Fe war baseel on Felygious text (Looks) .Reforms of Diff Governor Generals t a en one blazren Hastings: * Li _ s Oreleal system was abotlicshed wy sfstem started & Requlor courts im Hievarch ( ctvil court , Ceiminal cout} Lewest civil coust — Mofussid Dtwane Adalat Highest civil coust — Sadar Diwori Adalat [ealeutto] howeck ctiminal court ~ Nizamak Adalat Highest criminal. coust - Sedat Aizomal Adalat Ceateutto'] Seber judicy ~ Judgements & lower. coriat canbe Cosn wallise challenged tn higher. court - Arnie ® Mobtle courts * Court ¢ oacea records Annual publication ¢ gudgemerte biilliam Bentinck ¢ ¥ Abolished the Mobile couse Acc te 4833 charterad, } * 7 18284, Finsk Law commision chairman — Mecauloy” [Teday, 194 lew commission — President hatrenesy * edification & las cevil Procedure Code (cp)— 1859 Gndian Penal code (2p¢) - 1860 Crémtnal Procedure code(CrPe) - 1864 202Lord Canning * In 1864, Ondtan High courts Ad. Acc to this Ack. 3 Highcouate — 1862 [Bombay , calcuttn, Madras] => Bréttsh Judichay & based on, 3 Equalily Before Low ® Rule of law * Bark spot on British judéciaey - Rattonol viserimination [ap a white fnvelued é a Crime, he can nok produced _&n front of Indian guages] * Te end this d&ctimination, In 1883, Under Lippon's instruction. One offices. , Flbect a fll Prepased a bfll Zlbeat B Because ¢ éducatton Of Brttichers th Andter this bill wos dropp al a Civil Services + 2486 , ¢-G Lord Cosn wallis introductd @ sesvices * -Covenanted [ Mighest pation) — venant agreement * None ovenanted 4861 Ge Civil Service Ack, Acc te this, Convenanted sexvice designated as 9s, (Fodean cov Sexvie) Before convenanted Service; Mexcantile Services au there Covrupt people * Lack managerial Skill s “ndians were not eligible Jaa these sobs, Te 7 ny oy .In 359, YEG" ack wwe Acc iG this Ack, A Competitive Cxam -for the civil Seevant was conducted . * Compulsory papers 2 datin ¢ Greek is classical languages of Europe) Maz age limit is gradeally decreased. 1857-3 3yrs S860-22- 985 Ag6/-21grs 18Fo-34g15 —> egtton was the valeiot Responsible fox this, wlimit ° Centre of the éxram — London * 1° Sndtan 2¢5 —> 1863, “Satyandranatha Tagore, ‘ ( Brother J Rabindranath Tagose) Jy 4869 — Surendranth Benarjee (aes disminsed from sevice) R-C. Dats > som — Subhash chandsa Bose , [1920 he left service ¢ yorved” Congress poth | Comminsions on Civil Seavices ¢ % 14886 “Atchison commintion Governah Gere: Du ‘rein Recotpmendations: + London shatl be centre s exam should be condacked in both . for PCS exams , whereas fa other civil sesvice London ¢ Undia , © Dpper age Limit shall be asyrs 204 vecapted , 1898#1924 kee Commision ¢ TAAL Cee Commisien [ Visecunt tee] Governd. General : dord Reading & 50% civil services shall be filled with Indeans . ° Constitution of public Sesuice commision, in aehi [1926 Pe Sottal Policy of British * Female Infantidde Ack (abolition) 1802 2 goueenor Generals strictly dmnplemenked this Ack - + Wdelliam ‘Berkinck * Hardinze-r * Sati abolition Ad 49aq. — william Bentinck Bndian coho created preasuae on British about -thy act , "Roja Rematiohan fo *® In 4833, Baittsh Pralzamen- abolished the slavany in British engin Ph India, TE wat implemented im 1843 by Allenbousough * Human Sackifice abolttion Ac, 4846. by dord Horolenre -f [ primasly targeting the tribe in Orissa - khond ) (Hartge. practice) # caste disability Removal Ack by ” Balhousy . , (4850) Eat Untouthability * Religious diaobilikies Ad, 1858 by Bothouy By changing the Feligion no body can diprive i his Previlager f pot elzoible ROinherit ¢ property)Widow remaretaged Act, 1856 by Salhousy . Gndian who treated pressure on British for this at, Fereesacharstes Vielyaseqet” ( Bengal!) « = tthe widow kemorrioge Ad f- 4966 war a logical sequel of the Sati abolition Ack f 4829 ” ° Jn 3958, Brttish Queen announced thak British get should not be tmvoled in the Aelegtous | sowalf culbuaat matters - [> 1858 — End ¢ annexation. end of -sottal polteles Reason: 4857. sipai's revolt wt ‘Education folicy da Batish ed ee i ‘oki Education ve mony Spending activity not money ere mg Paoduee anti colontal forces. three col eA os 2 calcutta Madarasa , 1484 — Waren Hastings = Vavanst sanskait College » 1392 — Jonathan Duncan 2 Fost Wilhom cdlege » 4800 — Lord Wellesley “these 3 colleges stosted -fox administration puspose ‘90k promoting edacation ‘ot William College ¢ EI ws Ukshifted f vil sexvice training covlege , after couple f yeo u Ne fm 1206,“ Hailleybury collere “was tkawted -for conductiny- 1 CARRE SES aivil Sesvice callege (london) sosthe ¥ ‘, ‘ . Prrpose Of first tioo colleges ts supply the qualified Zndians 4 to0xk tn Judiciary of British. : * 1813 charter. Au Ace tp thin Act, tt is mandatony for the British govt teallo Gpend 1 lakh ropeec on edescatton. QM $823 allocations was mode but till 1835 Money war nok spent On education because ¢ @ controversy . — whak type o education © Orientalést — Education ant be Indian and in vernacular _ ANAS Case) Canguoges (andian languages) fostentali'st echool ¢-thought] ° Anglictct — wesketh education System i English language . Cangltctst school ¢- thought) “rhs Contraversy came te tnd In seas because f Mecaulay Cappornted by willlan Bentinck] . « « Macaulay xeport is known Hé&caulay Nirak | 1935» He Supported western education system. Englesh was made as offical language [Persian was replaced by englech] Hester educated entelleckuale were great cupporters oF British vule- Entire accexmulated money must be spent on Higher. Edecation , [Neglected the primary education). Downwosrcl feltecation theery — British govt Come. upasith this theory tm the Avpport of theta édurcation policy. Because ¢ lack f wesourtes , the gout aimed at tp create @ Higher educated community Mfellectuals, hey can promole educationCommittees appointed by. British: 4 Woed's Despatch , 1864 ' Repost of education prepared by charles Wood . (President Board conta) He sent vepoat from lardon , Governor general who recelved “thta report was” Qalhouse” 7 Magna carta of Indian education "_ Historians decceibed MIA AAR eee sthis repost tike . Magna carka t a place there. the Ring stgned an aagreerment which 15 the forst step towards the raw of parléamentory— democaaery in the world . “Tn 1882 , Rippon made a law about peng the enoemous Powers: tp village ot local self govt y Ze“ Magna. cotta Sodan local Sf Jove {ue Recommendations: * Downward -fétration thensy tas rejected and asked % focus on Purmary elucation & Focus on woman education ° Vocational éducation © education mustbe seculae and Stéentific. e Nedtum : vernacwlars -for primary Education anne English for Higher Education * To encourage pyivate paxticipation + qrants inal = . : is e Universities” Set up iS Dr Repent fs Comprehensive plane primary Education g Highes education ed tte | COA© In 1855, Pept of Education ac created i every province. * In 1854, 3 univessities weve setup. ‘ Calcutta. University (san) Bombay university { oly) Madeas Untversity (sep) = WoW Hunter -¢ Comminsion s [1282] Technical nary : name: Qndian tducation Commtasion . Gowernor General : Lord Rippon Recommendations: ° Supported the all wecommendaktons 4 wood's repoxk and Ua speedy tmplementalion . = Primasy Education shall be handed oved. to local bodies. & Higher Education must be privatised [rox extent) Raleigh %* thomas thomas Yep comnts commission [19702] ‘Technically : Sndian Universities Commision Governor General: Lord Cuaten Recommendations : ® Wnversities to be made az Residential Teaching Centres. (Residential —> providing food ¢: accomication} © Exclusive allocation ¢ 5 lath Xupees annually on Higher Education. Sadler comminiory [1913-19] Gq + load Chams usood PecotineeN ene: ° “Autonomy: “fe Unigggsities { nutonomous Body] *© the exams of bigher: courses shall be conducked by auto bodies nok by dept ¢- Education’. . Universitia © Fox Sntermediale exams, the Roted $ thtermedtake Educatton shall be created - ° Board ¢ Secondary education — for sot exams. ¥ Taxtog. committees sqaq 9-43 Trewin committee on Educational standords. Retotomendabions? e Rejected Compalsong. Education t6 all * & Focus shall be on Primary Education. ° Only, metrttorious candidates shall be promoted te higher. education after ath class Non-mexttoxtous candidates shall be diverted te Vocational education. oak Higher level, admessions shall be vestricted. * Sergent comméttee: 1444 og Report ts known as “sexgént plan education 44% Wavell Recommendations 2 o Every chtld bw 3-6 yrs shall be given pre-primary education © All children Hw 6-24 Yrs shall be gtven Compulsory, Clementary education - © for selected childygn who ave bw 11-17 yrs shall be Nee heh nl oe dee° “Téacher training Colleges Shall be -taken up. * amportance ts ‘physical eddcation . ® Dr Takin Hussain committee [1934] Conctituted by Zndion National Congress post. Repost i Wardha Scheme ef Basic education . . Ls Repost prepared % place called Wardha, er res fa (aharast ro’) Conference on education held there. {ecoramendationss © Two types ¢ Education ‘Mass based vocational Education (handictat) Elite Baced foemal education - © Non-format teaching methods © First Fass f education shall be, free compulsory, & Medium > Prema: education — Vernacular language Hindi — 2° class English - ath class aM these were picked up from the gGandht atticlee from Havifan I 211Econom’ palicy ¢ British objective ¢- tndtan Economy ~ t3 Serve the needs - British. Eeowonte policy fs highly dynamic. 1600-1450 —> Huge growth of Indian economy [rrutually bersficany) if Endo - Evropean TodeJ Aflet. 1750, Industrial Revolution tn India. CwoS* « Production shiftal from gurl area ts Urban * manual work | smatt todls es Machinery ° tome — Packeory—- * Family members — Labour (in monufacun] a * Local consomption — International market Industrial revolution & Boon for British - Bang 4a India’ ie Problems J British Industrie after Inductrial Revolubion 2 fowmaterials ¢ Mawket * Tm 1769, Buitish made a law? Indian procecte are totally banned ia ‘British(englard) 4 Ate & 1813 charter pct, the monopoly Aight, of the East Srdia. Company were endect. except Tea trade £ china trade le Industry (cotton) was the majot industry ¢ India Kaul meacsx — “she mother ¢ colton wae destroyed by- Britishers “ . Westes counts; Tea, Texti nadia a china+ 1833 charter ack — china trade and Fea tree nee also i all'the countries [Ende the morapsly ¢ company Completely] * £353 — Railvoays was introduced Gg! Balhoue a teadL : Bombay te Tana (82. Km’ > 1905 — the Total length f Railway 34, 500 km objective 2 To take ausay “the. [ Fastest que] Row material from Indic Banigan} to calcutta (coat) nes © and Une — 213Revolts and Movements aoe Sepays revolt 4 195% : Tribal Levolts Peacants revolts Caste revolts Sepoys Revolt of 18572 Indians who working 4n British army — Sepays Raitichers ty army — soldiers Sepagt soldexs —> 621 x Varlout communitier *® Causes pasticpated im the sevolt diff cormmpoities have diff problems . kengs , yamindars » ae Reasons for the paskifiRation ¢ kings peasants , other, SN a sep * Gmpesialisin gf Britiahers (Dalbouse) [Victims #pocsene ef lapse} — Lakshmi Gat (shana) - Nanasaheb (Kanpur) Hazrat Mabal CAvwosth) Cwidow 4 safid ‘nl Shoh) R ie Seasons fox the pasticipttion aimindars t Brikishers Were taken -foreeibly the Lands of Zamindes Se Kunwod singth — Jagdheshput , Bihad Kings and Zamindars were the Leaders f this revolt - Reasons for pasticipation é peasants : the economf’c policies of -the Batkish were zesponsi P pons Because J that peasants, lors their. fivelihood . Onde elo be nba)Reason -for participation f * Orthodox : Sociah policies of Bettish : Be Porceible conversions ¢ Religion Sati, sstdow masroger Re Reasons ef pastitipation of | Sepoys’ 2 Discxémination e Christian mlwsionaries ° Noverpet to the mligeous sentiments Th 1256, 94° ford canning — came with a law called as * Fereeat Salts A t08* Ace. to this Atk, Sepays mustserve every ubere fulodd . * Temedtabe Lease fos this aevolt ¢ . Comtroversy~ related te Enfield Rifles _ sith Course of the revolt 5 (event) + 34% native Jofantry stationed ak Barrackpore Revélt sas initiated by “Mangal Ponde ~ + on stnay 06h [oop font) a Very meeting conduced at Mecral by the sebels. on 11! may 1867 , Rebelr reached the Red fost and declared Bahodur shah -T as emparos ¢ India. Bet: Leader > Bahadewr shah-{ (nominal hese) generat : Bakht khan appointed as Meeebbakshe General Nikaléson piel general fkabson sypresed Wicholsontt “the movement -leades! Nanasaheb °Tentia Tope © oy only who carried his Aght t2U 1859, Bitish officer, Sv Hugh wheeler was killed . tater Campbell successfully suppretied the Revolt Nanasaheb kan auwoy % Nepal. Fantia Tope went avd Forn sacth Lakshmi bol. Ghanged mn 1859° [after he done woxs Jorn Chambal] ducknow: CArod) A leader; Hazrat Mahal tteneley Lousrence general Leth General Havelock Again, * Campbell Successfully Syppressed -the revolt Hazrat mahal. eccope t Nepal Thanshi : ween leader! Lakshmi Rag she was killed by " Se Hugh Lose . ROADIE bo. Bla leader? Kynar singh (zamindat) Bihar Kesast [ Won Bihar] 49. Udon Teuplon. } & { failad ¢ Low these lives. Sed the Wingent Cyre Leevelt °Eases sor failure ¢ evel: Neéthea. the entive country mot. the entire. Nakion potas in the revolt. ¥* Geographical limitations Madras , Bombay , Beagas 2 Rajastan, Ponfob 4 wees these sere nok affected by the revolt exceptsome minds evenk . ° Siggest Princely stake in Sndia Mien’ A hin tine, emperor : Afyal-ud-dauta } ated te SUppzeX PM: Saloxyan ~the meena 9 “Talaboy khan Khan => who stasted -the sevell opera British mM Niztem © Mamsingh , who captured -the Tantia Tope and Surrendes, him te Ryrttish. * they acted as the break soaters fs the strom“ —— Canning- * Mew Tn 1958 “vand ditlers amedtation.” Ley 18 ppscetation formad in Countey — Zamindass- the 2amindars of this associations condemned the Participation of few zamindards im the revolt and they Supported Bxitish. * Sepoys of dindu-Huslim alone participated in the &evolt . All communities portidpated én the vevolt only becercise of their. personal grievance, against Brikish.° scanky resources + leadership was. highly defective [ Lack of planning and. cooedioation] Nature and chavader f 1954 revolt : A ne * opinion of european historians tis not a revolt bud mutiny wtoting 7 agaznst ‘the superiors nok gout, because ¢ some gevemance fn Service _ 98+ HMallason —"tndion Nusbiny * (book) Pon pene Nate ¥ TR. Holmes De Act te him, tea conflict bf Cevilization and 5 baxbexiem . * Lp. PAR Bese agorst Acc to him, It 14.0 farmtic mlas? christianéty . (Rebels destroyed many chuscher at a park F Revolt) # UebeSOVERIG , « Sook: the Fivet National WAR f Tedependence”, Ro Majumdar, did not accepted this penin- he atid [E sas met iS national war befor that there were some movernente like this. EX! Gn 1806 — Vellose mubiny comseipienees, ind Deppecl' Revel # British aden stradure and Policies undergone Radical changes after this revolt — te prevent “the another Pebelian tn future. 218shuckural changes = e Adan powers.’ East Erdia. transferred ts British caown, ° hwo oxgoniaations Created by British en london were abolished { Courk of divedcbors Boord of Control Anew office. tsar Created , ie Secactary of Stake offrce [Geist office] ° the designation of govesnar. general changed to goveenat. genesal. aud viceroy, [Rogat representabive] ~ 2 sceasbony of state.» chasles need — 4 ae Governor geneeal f Vicekoy : Canning. ° A sexies of constitutional reforms tmordes to skrengthen Bei site ae ¢ constitution . = 4862, 4892, 1909 ee * Indian Councils Auk, 1861 eoundls ack AR Aa eee Mosk of the provisions => Provincial Jegislakures were reviued, 5 feats are yelatecd y tebichugre abolished by 1883 charter Ack. Coons) => BQotrodu ern. » (19,1438 ced Port polfo Syste) Gat fants ack * Nattonal Police Ack, 4862 * “Indian civil Sewices Ack, 1364 * High courts Ack , 1861 * Mites Reforms soldiers Bengal 2g :a Bombay Madras 38 t4 Lepags were given stereafosal. positions Prevented nationaligh background people vecruitment.Fobey changes? *® nov 1, 1858 . a dedavation from the Queen populatly, known as [Declaration af victoria] victoria's Declaration by “No father. arnenationsoduld be mace > * hoctrine ¢ lapse stts softhdrawn 5 1951. 1 these changes token to prevent father revels ard British woant some semf_ independent , to support them if any evolt takes place 7. (never) \ Ds British govt ahould nok Prtesfead. in So cultured aspects. the above +00 Policies were mace offically by te queen. # Diide and Rule, [ometiol pote) tal, religious and * 1958 — 1845 British started getting closure to tind and eritiaizing the mustim. (To dtvide the nwo religions] Buk t& was nok worked ° 1846 — 1944 Now British chamged the poltey Gopposting muslim | St was Succenful. Britishers éaid , “Hindu and Muslim are two sstues da Keng: én Endian troditional stories." 9 185% revolt paradoxically strengthened the British powe in Qndia- 220sh scald revolts Reasons % x “The expansion of British rule over tribal areas . « -tax twat Ienposed on -bibal people Ex! verge Koya.cttbe of Romer region [Godavari ageney] -shif King cultivation tas banned by British (slash and Bum cultivation} Because fF this deforestaki e Some park of the forest were declared at Reserved + the kel 2 forest. British intervention ibs ‘thelr social cutkural amd religious matters_ 2 Khond vevolt was against the Abolition Ff homan on takes place - Sactifece act. [18408 t 18s0's) + Critstian munionary Ee: Mende vevolt, te tribe f Jaxkhand (4899, sec ash] * Penetration of the outsiders inty tribal areas: Ee Santhal revolt, 1855-56 ( Bthos) 0,006 Santhals were fought agazest British Sepays were influenced by this revolt. Soportant tribal revolts ¢ Tbe — fegion = Yee Leoders * khast Assam 1849-38 Thrug singh Barmantk 2. koa Jakkhand — 1931-39 an } d “ iahes tron ona Jaye 60 chakra Btyasé 4 Santhal Bihar 4987-96 -siddlu , KanuB80 5- Naikda Gujarat = 4e68-5q Torta Bhagat Rup Singh 6. kachanoga Assam 18382, Sambudhan #. Monde — Jaxkhand 1879-1190 Bitsa 3. o Bh Rajastan 4915 Govinda gars 9. Oxon Jaskhand —_ 4%14 Tatra Bhogal do. Kukie @ Monipus 4917-34. gadonangy Naga [leclngi ts ne tt Rani Gaidenlie 44. Kondaduta. — AndhvaRadeth 1999 eo “J TTC 22. Ko ge Andiwa Pradesh 4722-24 Allusi Stkaramataju. Peasants revolts: Annet Acc. to one estimation, 1858-194% ( Crown's posted) — 75 majo peasant yevol& m British India. Reasons ¢ * the exploitative land révenue polteies Amtroduced by British. Normal: 60 7. unirrigated areas 607. wrrigated areas + — Povceible eo cultivational of Commercial crops EE Bndigo , used in textile industry. Ls Bihar ¢ Gengal rhs leods to shortage Bxfged grains and move nog deaths.* Exploitation f zamindars Tenonlg -at-will —> this means the tenank cannet have any right on land ard they ssill removed ftom the. lard ak any time. by zomindars - * Money lenders exploitation. Stipe resin pester eeierenet * Fndigo Revol , 1859-60 [ Bengal] started fiom Gowendapr village , led by @ brothers: Digambor vishwat : Vishnu viswas Benglt Sntelte tuals Supported this revolt e -Hazichhandra. Mukaagec Auditor of Hindu Padsiok * Dinabandu Mitra Bengali drama. an ndégo cultivators @ * Meel Daxpan + 1860, British passed a motification that indicates bam the forceitle cultivation of Indigo. * faboa m ovement > [1949-35] Pabna diateick where the movement ckaxted (Cengal] at was against the fudal expidBon f zamtndars- Zamindor —> absent lard lords [toes not work inthe crop field] Peasantk _ Tenant —at- wilt. leaders: ke chav chandaa Poy —— 223 Sambunath palZn 1875, British passed an Ack: Bengal a Tenaney ace” Gre provision Permanent tensil heriditory occopamey Aight [® those peasants sho are cexltivahivg the Land continuoutly 4agrs] * i. . Beccan Anti-shaukar Rott {1325-49] Shaukars : Guparak? , magvadi amorey lenders - Some district ¢ Naharastra ? Poona, Satara, Ahmed Nagar, Cstasted) sholapue Deccan rysicubture Aelief ack «A837 der « No Empresonment for the non payment of the wot. Ban on the. tramsfer f land from peasant & money Lender * Shomparon Satyageaha, 49737 & district tn Bihar. Historical Historical srgnifitorte « 15* movement of Mahakma Gandhi ta India. raqsciais tn South Afaica & Fight a legal battle (‘ease in cout’) ¢ the movement first time . Satyagraha” was Useol - 1 atyagroha in South africa by gandhi — 1906 [Fight agasnct the rational discrirnination| - Sakyograha —> stick onls taut Gut -truth is one component f éalyagropha . Sandht defined thas “234_ towards man kind”componenk of Sebyagraha: © Frath « Non-violence + Humility and poverdy + Feaslecsness * Means are imp [so bras} { reaching the ends not imp) ae Hatthal [Self disengagement sith routine activlly} fe Fastings unt death = Champaran sakyagraha & against ferceible caubtivation f Indigo. nA System mm champaran area: Tinkathia (2? 4 land weseaved FH tndlégo other leaders: 7; g. Kyipada. Babu Rafendya Prasad Anagraba Navoyor) Maxhay-vd- Hog, Mahadev elf after hme became the. Sectetacy of Gandhi TFénkathia 130s abolished - S refi Kheda Satyagrabe : 1918 qyeret led y Gandhi, é Average productivity 4 kheda region dedined to >A5% AB per revenue aecotds Kheda was- eligible for exemption ¢ tax but British disobey the law. Gujarat sob’ 225 org cfourdiby gandhijtToo assedates of Gandbijt : « Sorddar vallabhabat patel o Hindu tal yagnt i Gb revolt was Auccessful, Bets exempled Kheda from tox” pletion = epplalmeps pevelbn saa. , evela Mappila — post. comrouritiy ¢ enoslim echo cooked tn the. Lands of 2amindays (Hendu —communily fe Jenni) Mappila.—> Son-in-lawo Abeds [Arebs echo married local. Kerala woman) -4n carly svat, (4st phase) the movernent tas secuttax and non-violent and led by congress leaders f kerala * Gopal Neron ° Mahadev nayor © Yakthub khan » t Non- ration. MMopptla vevelt 10s hire) nite Non-coope tas Movement because f same leadex ship. All the congress leaders Were arrested - aD frases Moppila. revolt ted by local leaders f Moppela . and the yevolt became communal and utolent - teaders; Al? musodigar [ priest in Mosguee far] - 5 Je Kalathingat Mahommad kun mahommad Hajé Thady 2Becatise of the violence -& revolt, Gandh? seithdreww thissppatk - Britishers take the post and ted to Supress this Revell, noco “this became —the confléck bw Hoppila ¢ British. 410,000 Mappilas weve killed. * i e Cadets Sepgictet tis led by, Sardax. yllgbhabat Patel tide ee after the cutceufad on eamovement Against the Land revenue enhancement. {: Land revenue tacreased te 22" ° Gaitich appointed evcommitee, Breehed SCONE - 60) thts committee ve commendations -the Land revenue enhancement vas Orpustice * Ktsan Sabha * a 1915-35 —> provindal level Ktsan sabhas were foarned. . Za 1936 , all fndia Késan Sabha wat formed . Provineral Level associations * eee Sea * UP Késan Sabha, 19t8 [ UP- United province] 450 Branches hondes: Gowri santa missa Sndva Naxayona - nsitiv apse’ Qndutal yagatk 4 Madhan menor) “adhan Mohan atau! yas ~ wales. found ¢ -ferst wire-chaneell oz + Bena Benaras Hird Delve {veyJousnals: Hindustan Lndtan Union, Abhyucouo : + Awodhb kisan Sabha 4, £920 -Foundes: Baba Ramachondps, sith assistance of- . h Nehru . 330 branches l cts very auch smplueneed by Raina chante, Manos" (Raeayps) Andhra Provincial Ryat amodation, 4738 ~foundex + Achasya. Ne §. Ranga wt L, thdian Peasant Institute one) * * Bihar kisan Sabha? 4929 : founder: Susami Sahajanardo, > ¥ All Gndta kisan Sabha, nov ss* 1936 ot ear AU provincial associations were mexged Yate it. # president = Swami Sabajananda gf &neral Secaskory NG. RangaCaste Reyoltss tA [date ~ Bbahmtinical reovementi J These revolts taken up by Dalits, Gobermidary caste people (middle’taiste) “Pale hoveinents ¢ Reasons: Discarmination No accevsabiltties fo resources Religrous disabilities Sottal in Urties Dalits felt that Brahmins were vesporaitle fox theta. Ascaimination. trp characteristics 4 western education > Rakionali by é Homaniam, Self respect, Qndividualism. > Middle ordex caste people fought again Brahmans. because mojority bape a i. ¢ ~thetr domination i) 34 Maharastra, Kerala, Famtl Node —imp bubs of the anti brahmanical movements cQmmpon adivities taken by the leaders tn all’ movements + > Refesting the Brahmanical Spromacy. Sctiptures were targeted burned] Forceible temple entry, , Fighting for roatea. from public viet Marriages sstthout Brahmans Vedtc schools for Dalits . Promoting Rakiorality, modexn education 229Maharastra Movements 2 _ # Saliva sheoka sume mayemente Slyastodak Sorry on _ .&sgenisation . “Pounder + Joth oe Govitvla, Sophule, [belong te male case} : Boots: Golamgixt Glavary) - prarolt wet Sarva genic Satyadhasma pustak Eswoan Dhaama. ctiitiya Ratna Journal: Dina Bandu Schools stor women ard, ontouchables . his movements wate Carried by followens g Bophule + Yuerida Op pat qeurnal: Bmamitra Books: kulakaani Hindustan Brahmans — — Deshache Bushmen * Sehu mohosas (Keng € Kolapax’] * Schools fos Patet * Vedte school for non-brahrean priest + 60% reservations For backward classes * Phomoted inter. dinning and tmtexcaste marvioges + He encouroged Dalit students 6 qoand study in Abroad. fer: Ambedkot J 230* Mahaa movement ¢ nM Mahoawaton —» Hs contecbution to Hasizan welfare erganisations :« Babjskatta Hitakartes Sabha. » 1724 ( Depressed lasses 2netitute | * Samata Sond 5 £92 ° Akhfla Bhayata Dalitavarga Subha., 1942 [ont andia schedule caste Pedevation] © People's education Society , 4945 Jouroals: Mook Nayak Bahiskruta Bhataki Tamnato. Political pasties » Fedependent labous. powty 4936 a Republican Pasty , 1956 [founded postumas 7 4 (after death) Books Bek Annbilation ¢ Caste Caste ty India their mechanism and Sevelopmer che untouchables Buddka and his kms that congress ond Garett have done to 231 untouchables* Tn 1934, ql Gandhi storted a exganisations ° Hartyan sevak Bangh * FAL Endics“emtouchablty League * Sn 1983, Gandhi dtoated @ gousnell : Harijon * Vital Romie shinde (u-R. shinde) — one.g. Maharastra dalit leader. ot 5 Depremsed classes Soucy, 3) Movements f Tamil Nadu s % Justice movement: Ae Movement saterPby the meddle ordee-cashe people - fe Reddy , kamme, Baliza — Teluge castes shaiktiyar, Mudiligars, vellala — Tamtl castes Nayanrs — kerala Zn 1919, a political poaty was started by tendons ¢ this Movement i South Mndtan Ubesal, fedetabion bub populatly Sih malar “neeon 08 * qustice pasty. founders: c.c.n. medline. Tyagargya shaltiyor TM. Nayat Mog tmp person of this mevecnent — SACS TOS catlled au” Peatyor He shifted ‘to justice pasty From congeeas poly mm 1984 “in 1932 he beceme-the #sidert & Justice pasty .f peat . Jouanals: Kud? Arasu (People gout] Bemaceany Vidutatat [freedom] Yekutasipu [eonnmensense] * Br 1944 , the name ¢ “south Andtan tiberal fedexation” was “Monge as "Dravida khasogeen” "920-33 _, continuously im power. ( sustice paul) t: 45 Chief minister ¢ Tustice Party * Subbasnyalu Redd fyat SIKE 2 Spt im the post New pasty 2 Dravida Munnekka Khazagam Com) An Oe founder: — ¢.N. Annadoral [can jevararn Natasaj Annadazat } » 4 * . . 222 ° from DMK ,“AgADMK” was formed -fovnder : MG Ramachandran [AK Sndea Ansa Dravida mannetra khazagart] > Self he. ct poverment ¢ 1935 Balit moverrent Led by Pesiyar. Prime Pkogram/ activity —> Forceible Temple entry Buaneng ¢ Kamban Ramayan Movements of Kerala : mE zheva provement tage Ezhava ~ Untouchable community tn ketala prefewien: Taping ( Kalla Ttsevor4) Taat cthis movement fx alco%Aled as,“Led by Nanw. Asan, poprtoaly kneuanas”jaragam guru" Beg: Srt_ Nowayan showena Praktpalana yoga , 1708 [snoPy) Slogor —> one goa , one aeligton, one Caste Kerala congrems poxky had geen “total Support fos this movement - ee otk J925) Vatkom Sotyagroha, * the Congress leaders taken up a Movernent fox the temple enkry ¢ Kedva people Leaders: “TK. Madhavom K- Kelapen CoP: Andrews , Britishettecn and folloror ° 2 s Ca Gandht . Gandhi gave a tie ts Andrews ; peena Sard After the death 4 Naxayan Gate, ‘this, movement voas lec} bg ome. ¢ his follower :” Agyappan” Nece slogorn 4 SNDPY — No God, No Relegton , No caste. . On hia influence the €zhava people Supported Communit: Pasty . * 48 communist govt elected by the people tm the world — Kerala, 4%60 Nowat's movement ? (naie’s) 4870's RRA Norbutked Brahmans were targeted - Nomar ladders: © »V. Raman Pilot —» novel: Mattandha vara Maxtanda vaema sulec ¢ Travancogze. Came ‘te pourt 3 = ir 1990. acho hentk Padmannbhashoami Tembe Kerata.CeVe Raman Pillai noxote the novel tovevive the glory ¢ Naty s, + Podmanabha Pillai Org: Nalts Service Socidly,, 1944 * Ramakrishna pilltar Radical communist . Jousnal : Swadeshabhimant Book ? Blography ¢ Kad Moxy im Malayalam 235aa? Socdko- Religrous Reform Movemenli* Reasons cok Sodo-religtous veforns ¢ * Sodal evils present in the society + Relig tous Supeastictous believes. * western Education * the activities ¢ the christian missionasies. Press ts wesporible for apreading -the these 2eforrms. => Important Reform movements Brahmo Samay $ founder: Raya Ror Mohan Rou, [Fathes. € reform movernen's | Born in Bengali Brabinin fomtly. 1800-20 —> 5,008 ases alone in calcutta - (weponted) Gn 1814, his brother died with a disease and his Staten in-law buaned on the five 845: an_org — Abmiya Sabha 8n 1828, tk became Brahmo Somoj . , philosophy ideology t+ promting anoarenexs arresthe people ind ~feght against the all soctel evils - * Tdelotary ‘» polythiam were rejected - Taboo on Sen woypges weve rejected - Book: Modern enchanctmaton the ancient Aight of naman + Hectrongly beltevedséthece evil: exadicated only —1836: Vedanta college in calcutta. + He outinsted [helped the chistean missionaries te stark schools and promote western education. ¢ Dowld Haye —Dutch mimionory- it tiindu college pealeutin [181 J : Alexomdox. Buff ~ scoktsh minvonony (ccottard] Duff college, caleuttr | Literary Achtevemenl : ‘Books $+ Teupal -vL- muzahidin Muzahidin — monet} Taufak — gift * the Guide -to -peate and Happiness [on the basis ¢ Bute] * Many Upamishods were translated into Bengali - ond English. Wecombribution f tndinn Pres: 4 Paper:« Samvada Koumudi —1821 a journal started { edited by Andian. « ast Popet|zaurnal tn India. — Bengal Gazitk, 1980 Lenglish weekly ] ky Tames Agustus Hickay/ e Mote ol- Akbas , 1822 at pession journal wn Indto - He died wm 4933, Bist (emland] _Aftea his death, there were. Spits In. Brahmo Samaj => # se spt” In 4866, Tee g Ad? Brahmo Samaj Bhaxatty a Brahmo Samo} C2 Brahe sama : [rather ¢ Rabendxanath Taqoot] or ‘found: Sevendranath Tegoone. pr 3 # ont EESG He founded on ong ealted, Tatva bodbin} satha & en Journal: Takva Bodini Patrika Cater be inkegxated bis 019 tla. @rahmo snore Skaatiya Brahmo somal vos) Ne aye: founder: Keshav chandra Sen pecoe . ay Paper: Indian mirror , 1864 Reason-fe split: : [28 english aaily tn India] D-Togoose was tonservative and ace ts him Brahmo samoj Was alone fox -utndu vdieo KC. sen was Radical and ace tohtm Brahmo scunaj was ~ Universal - * Qn 1864, k.c.Sen visited Bownbay ata past f promoting BShavatiya Byalhmo soma]. tthe. Bombay intellectuals started an ong called , ~ Biadbans ese * foorder : Atrmaxam Pande Ranga. 2 Same Fesponse te tour 4 Madras, Vedo.camay 22388rahmo Samal q South Indien3% as x 4 splitt tn 1848 = , Because f Keshav chandra Secs effart , Brith passed Qn Ack in 1842 - ative marriage act] civil marriage ack / Brahmo morrioge Ack Acc fo this Ac , minimum Marttagable age — Grh—lyyrs Boy - Wyre. legal recognition -for. Brahmo masreage makhod Gn 4878, kechauchandra Sen petformed marriage ts his minok daughter heith @ minor. bey tm traditional mannet . Because f this Yeason in 1828 a new Brahmo Samo} vat -formed earthed « a] : < Sadharono Biahmo Samaj Hed ty Sbluanedha Goch Lerya samoj : 1835, Bombay “founder: Mula shankasa , go known dt [ §ugeratt Brahmas] * eyeranda, Satauveti be wteya. Samaj was amore rtytual movement than reformation * Aryans were chosen people , Vedas are chosen gospat and Sndia ts chosen land * — D. Saraswati Popular call dp. sarastoati —>" Goask lo Vedas *” Monotheism 9* Ltopfan clamification df caste system Acc to this System, the person shall take the caste based on his copabilities [ strength . (You Get the position ioheve you destrve] * Axyo. somal woant/ tried t6 protect: the Hindu religion by Bradicating the Untoutchabilily - * D-Sohaswaki emphasising on -treple. concept je Bs” * Swadhoema —> one shall nok come ouk ¢ his own religton . + Swabhasha oS No foreign Languages “ e + SkaAet — No. forezgn domination the term frst time Used by Dayaranda Saraseoll + Gy 1882, he started hoo controversial programe - « Cow protection movement + Shuddt programme movement 4 at areconversion phegrarmme + Te died am 1883. ¥ Jn 4BI2, Arya Samoj was Suffered “frome split - Tivo wings conservative , Led by swoamt shradilhananda S Radical , ted by tala Hans Ref Reasons -far split‘ * Contraversy on education System conservative woing — Gurakula, education Radical wine 45 —> college educationCorb conservabie ising —> pute Vegetarian toed Radical waing — Non-vegetaaian (nutrition food] * Shtaddhananda. founded a Gurukula at Hariduna. , which became. head quaters qf conseavative otrg | * Hans kay founded college , BAV college in Lahore * Doyooanda Arde vedic college” Theosophical Soriedy $1878, NewYork [usa] “Theosophy — Bivine Wisdom { Bivyagnan samo) ~founders: colonal olectt (American) Madam Blavotsky (Raseion woman) Ober Fives : 2 9 atudy ancient cultures, civil?zatiom and religions. * T . promote studies ™m Ocetilt: prackies . ( Black magte} Tn 1879, the head qpiatens tons shifted from Ness Veale 5 Adayar (Tomilnad) Olcott wac president to this Aouely till his doath ‘ ( 1907). One. Book of Blavdsky — Secret Doctrine “ # —Annt Besant , Driah lady tho influenced by thia book and become president in 1907 she became “he champion f woman aighti - oumals: Nes nd, Common weal chkColleges 2 serene Hindi cdlege , 4898 vhis College boas become Gniversilya9.15, becouse efforts Modhan Mohan Malaya . ‘ q L296 _ ee cophical college, Nema started by Swami Vivekananda [wavendva Dott] His qua: Ramakrishna Parama. Hamsa ([4adedhara Chatopadyarp|] 1816-94 > two BBgabt Cugaiizations -founded by Vivekananda, Belloxe as head queters [caleutta] ° Ramakrishna Math { easie'té serie ¥ gogsse FE MRO ul e Rama krishna wiasion a by his te G03 Ramakrishna math —> Spuitual enstitution “To promote practical spiaitually based on yedernta, Rama krishna mlyson —» chasibable institution. Lor poor and. all of religious people] ts) Ideology wat tof luenced by tgnorance, tWetaracy, food scanetby (Honges) , stosvation -"-- * 9 1293, Swamt vivekamnda atkendat an International Conference on religions in chicago *. + tHe started Vedanta Societics Tin USA & Europe - ann nn He died m 1902 (=eMargarete Nobles Trish dubble f swam’ Vivekananda , populasly Knownas Sister. Nivedita .. che became head f Rellore math . Jougnals started by Shean Vivekananda. * Probudda Ghoralt ( fglish] * Udbodhana. (Bengali) # tHe nry Vivien Desozio : lecturer & Humanities in ttirdur College ¢ colette. e od ‘ Engtish 8 as ves: a! Student toas ek) hin. Pos &% * Young Ber B. mouernent. ournals Bengal Speckaton. He » be se of his radical boas dismissed —fiom the cdlege ecause of * iy onli . * Eshworachandia MALO Vidya. Sagan + (Prof: 4 Sonskait] His contribution te two trap things: e Women Education te founded 35 schods g colleges for give x women Sh 1849, Bethune college, calcutt. ee ( ial women callege im Anatol} Tore graduate from this college ag Kadambini fangutas + Promoted Hidowo marriages - Because g¢ hia effosts, in 1856 Byitish passed the * pendu, Rerarnathe *