• A.

Ancient Greece- the Elder Sophists

used the term “techne” to refer to the
process of applying knowledge
systematically to the practical art of
instruction.
• Formulated cognitive rules,
systematically analyzed subject matter
designed instructional technologies and
devised effective instructional materials.
B. During the Middle Age, Advent of
Scholastic Philosophy, Pierre
Abelard introduced a technology of
instruction which was really a new
method of structuring and
presenting materials that helped set
the style of scholastic education.
C. Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Herbart,
and Montessori contributed their own
concepts on educational technology
improving on the educative process.
D. Johann Amos Comenius was recognized
as the pioneer of modern instructional
technology by reason of his book Orbis
Pictus ( The World in Picture) which was
an illustrated textbook for children
studying Latin and the sciences.
• Edward Thorndike and John Dewey
formulated the scientific theory of learning
and the scientific method
• Thorndike gave emphasis to the use of
empirical investigation as a basis for an
organized process of learning.
• Dewey introduced a method of instruction in
terms of scientific method in broad terms.
• F. The 19th century paved the advent of effective
technological development, including the
production of textbooks, use of blackboards, and
improvements in writing implements like pen and
ink.
• Photography was invented--- visual instruction
• 1920- visual media became widely accepted.
• Publication of audio-visual media texts.
• 1926- educational films were used as instructional
media
• 1927- Pressey wrote on programmed learning
through a machine tested and confirmed a learning
task (mechanical teaching machine)
• 1932- first instructional television program was
aired at the Iowa State University.
• 16 mm sound motion picture was developed-
served as the educational workhorse during the
audio-visual movement
• During the WW II, the US, government encouraged
the implementation of technology of instruction for
military training programs. This give impetus to a
systems approach to instruction to include:
Microteaching, individualized instruction, language
laboratories, behavioral objectives, CAI.