NST PUBLIC INTEREST

1. COUNTERFEITING THE GREAT SEAL OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT, FORGING THE SIGNATURE OR

STAMP OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE (ART. 161)

Elements:

(a) Offender is any person;

(b) Offender forges the Great Seal of the Government or the Chief Executive’s signature or stamp.

Note: Forging the President’s signature in a government document is not falsification, it is violation of
Art. 161. If the President leaves a blank paper with his signature with his secretary, a written document
thereon gives rise to a violation of Art. 171 or 172 and not this article which requires an imitation of the
Chief Executive’s signature.

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4. MUTILATION OF COINS, IMPORTATION OF MUTILATED COINS (ART. 164)

Note: Mutilation (defrauding) is the act of diminishing precious metal contents of coins by scratching,
defacing, etc., thus reducing the intrinsic validity of coins of legal tender. The coins MUST BE LEGAL
TENDER and do not include coins of foreign countries.

Elements:

(a) Offender is any person;

(b) Offender mutilates coins of legal currency or imports or utters mutilated current coins;

(c) Offender is in connivance with mutilators or impor