STRUCTURAL STEELS General Canadian structural steels are covered by two standards prepared by the Canadian Standards Association Technical Committee on Structural Steel, G40. These are CSA G40.20 and CSA G40.21. The information provided in this section is based on the current 2004 editions of both standards, and on the SI metric values, in keeping with Canadian design | stndards for steel structures. CSA 40,20, “General Requirements for Rolled or Welded Structural Quality Steel” sets "out the general requirements governing the delivery of structural quality steels. ‘These requirements include: Definitions, Chemical Composition, Variations in dimensions, _ Methods of Testing, Frequency of Testing, Heat Treatment, Repairs of defects, Marking, etc. CSA G40.21, “Structural Quality Steel” governs the chemical and mechanical properties of 7 types and 8 strength levels of structural steels for general construction and engineering | purposes. All strength levels ate not available in all types, and selection of the proper grade (ype and strength level) is important for a particular application, CSA G40.21 350A and CSA G40.21 3S0AT are atmospheric corrosion-resistant steels normally used in bridge ‘construction. For HSS sections, 350W is the normal grade used when produced to CSA 640.21. ‘The 7 types covered in CSA G40.21 are: (@) Type W ~ Weldable Steel, Stcels of this type meet specified strength requirements | and are suitable for general welded construction where notch toughness at low temperatures is not a design requirement. Applications include buildings, compression members of | bridges, ete, ._ (b) Type WT ~ Weldable Notch-Tough Steel. Steels of this type meet specified "Strength and Charpy V-notch impact requirements and are suitable for welded construction where notch toughness at low temperature is a design requirement. The purchaser, in addition ‘o specifying the grade, specifies the required category of steel that establishes the Charpy V-notch test temperature and energy level. Applications include primary tension members in bridges and similar elements. (©) Type R ~ Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistant Steel, Steels of this type meet | specified strength requirements. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels in most environments is substantially better than that of carbon structural steels with or without a } copper addition*. These steels are welded readily up to the maximum thickness covered by the G40.21 standard. Applications include unpainted siding, unpainted light structural members, etc., where notch toughness at low temperature is not a design requirement. (@) Type A ~ Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistant Weldable Steel. Steels of this type meet specified strength requirements. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels in _ most environments is substantially better than that of carbon structural steels with or without 4 copper addition. These steels are suitable for welded construction whete notch toughness at low temperature is not a design requirement. Applications include those similar to type W steel (e) Type AT - Atmospheric Corroston-Resistant Weldable Notch-Tough Steel Steels of this type meet specified strength and Charpy V-notch impact requirements. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels in most environments is substantially better | than that of carbon structural steels with or without a copper addition", These steels are suitable for welded construction where notch toughness at low temperature is a design 63requirement. The purchaser, in addition to specifying the grade, specifies the required Category of sel that establishes the Charpy V-notch test temperature and energy level ‘Applications include primary tension members in bridges and similar elements. () Type Q - Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Plate, Steels of this type meet specified strength requirements. While these steels are weldable, the welding and [abvication techniques are of fundamental importance to the properties of the plate, especially the heat-affected zone. Applications include bridges and similar structures. (@ Type QT ~ Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Notch-Tough Steel Plats. Steels of thts type meet specified strength and Charpy V-Noteh impact requirements. They provide good resistance to brittle fracture and are suitable for structures where notch Toughness at low temperature is a design requirement, The purchaser, in addition io specifying the grade, specifies the required category of steel that establishes the Charpy pesotch test temperature and energy level. While these stcels are weldable, the welding and fabrication techniques are of fundamental importance to the properties of the plate, especially the heateaffected zone. Applications include primary tension members in bridges and similar elements. © For methods of estimating she atmospheric corrosion resistance of low-alloy steels, see CSA 4021 Ginune 2.6. When properts exposed 1 the aimosphere, hese stets can be used bare (unpainted) for many applications Tables ‘Table 6-1, “Grades, Types, Strength Levels”, gives the grade designation of the various types and strength levels of structural steels according tothe requirements of CSA 640.21. ‘Availability of any grade and shape combination should be Kept in mind when designing to ensure overall economy, since a specified product may not always be available in the tonnage and time frame contemplated, Local availabilty should always be checked. “Table 6-2, “Shape Size Groupings for Tensile Property Classification”, summarizes ‘he size groupings for SLB, C, MC and L shapes. Table 6-3, “Mechanical Properit® Summary", provides a summary of the various grades, tensile strengths and yield strengths for plates, pars, welded shapes, rolled shapes, sheet piling, and hollow structural sections based on CSA Gt0.21 ‘Table 6-4; “Chemical Composition”, summarizes the chemical requirements of various grades of steel covered by CSA G40.21 “The particular standards, CSA 40.20 and CSA G40.21, should be consulted for more details, Similar information about steel covered by ASTM standards should be consulted ‘when appropriate. Historical Remarks When confronted with an unidentified structural steel, Clause 52.2 of CSA-S16-01 requires that F, be taken as 210 MPa and Fy as 380 MPa. This provides a minimum in the place of more precise information, such as coupon testing. He following tables list selected tiates of publication and data from various CSA and ASTM structural stee} standards and specifications, many of which preceded current standards or more information on ASTM specifications and properties and dimensions of iron and steel beams previously produced in the U.S.A., consult the “AISC Rehabilitation and Retrofit Grete. A Reference for Historie Shapes and Specifications” published by We ‘American Trutstate of Steel Consteuction, In that publication, the frst date listed for both ASTM AT 4documents. stiongth 5 ksi higher than that adopted Historical Listing of Selected Structural Steels and A9 is the year 1900. Between 1900 and 1909, medium steel in A7 and A9 had a tensile in 1914, For CSA. standards, consult original CSA Standards ‘Yield Strength “Tanalle Swength (Fi) Designation | Date Published a a al ea a6 1924 HF Fe 55.65 380-450 509 1985 20 210 55-65 300-450 40) 1985) 33 290 6072 410-500, 40.4 1950 3 230 60-72 10-500 Gas 1950 3 230 e072 410500, G08 1950 45 a0 80.95 1550-650 40.8 1960 a 280 65-05, 450-590, 640.12 1964" ry 300 Ga 450 @40.24 1978" Feplaced all pravious Standards, see C1SC Handbook 'Siizon steel *Yield reduces when thickness excoads 114 inches (40 mm) Yield reduces when thickness exceeds % Inches (10 mm). "jnvocuced in May 1962 by the Algoma Steel Corporation as ‘Algoma 44 ssinMay 1987, grade 350W became the only grade for W and HP shapes produced by Algoma Steet inc. Rivet Steel Designation Date Published vies ottenaih Tenate Suengh Fs) isi Pa ial wea a2 7950 28 180 2-2 360-490, ASTM Specifications Date Yield Strength Tensile Siength Designation fated ksi MPa Asi MPa wre) ioe Fe WF 05 __| 30450 sow 1924 Rs 290 F.2 210 55.65 | 380450 1994 F298 WF 2200 eo72 | 410500 A373 1954 32 220 so75__| 400520 Aza 1985, 50" 350 70" 480 236 1980 36 250 eo00 | a10550 A440. 1959 50! 350 70! 480. Aaa 1960 50" 350 70! 480 sre grado 50 | _ 1986 50 45 6 150 ASB 1968 50! 345, J 70 | 485 [asee 7000 | SominoGSnan | Sesrin tw a60mm | 6s 160 * Soe text, Historical Remarks, above. * Reduces with increasing thickness 65GRADES, TYPES, STRENGTH LEVELS* Table 6-1 Yield Strength, MPs type il ath, MPa 260 300 960 380) 400 480 550 700 w acaw | soow | ssow | saow | soow | aeow | ssow | — wr | 2sowr | aoowr | asowr | seowr-+ | doowr | aeowT | ssowr | — R - = 350R = - - - - A - - 3504 = 4ooa | 40a | ss0a | — at. = — | asoar | — | 4ooat | aeoat | ssoat | — a ~ = - - = - = 7000 or - 7 = = - - =| 7o0ar * S00 OSA-G40 201640.21 + This grade is avalablo in Holow Structural Sections, angles and bars only. “This grade is available in Hollow Structural Sections only. SHAPE SIZE GROUPINGS FOR Table 6-2 TENSILE PROPERTY CLASSIFICATION* ‘Shape Type Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 ‘Supor-Light Beams (SLB) To 28.1 kg/m = = Shapes Tos08kgim (Over 30.8 kg — No Shapes Tod2.4 kgim (Over 42.4 kgim — L Shapes To1gmm Over 13t0 19mm ‘over 19 mm * See CSA-G40.20/640.21Table 6-3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SUMMARY gee Seewaea” | falatsrenes | erat CSA Welded Shapes sections: saat Tensile Strength F, (MPa min ‘Common | Fr (MPa) Fe Available min (MPa) i =| See a we | one rae: [ame] SE | a caw | wasn | ao [am | 3s | mo cow | «soe | ao | ao | 3 | so | so 350W 450-650" 350 320 2 350 350 w 380W 480-650, 380 2 380 380 caw | soem | oo 1 | | «0 soit | aware | as + | wo | ao sw’ | eae | 550 cows | woe | oo | aa | a | xp ‘SSOWT 480-650" 360, 320, 3 350 350 wr | saw | sesso ooo ome | mead | es 2 | aw | ao owt | wore | 00 i | ae | 5 some | sesow | 90 580 a | aso | sanaso [0 7 |e soa | asoem | om | ao | a | om | om | om | sane | an 2 | «0 | a om | soem | 40 ‘a5 sson_| oavaco | sso 620 coat | aeoeso | on | ao | 3 | wo | om a | wooar | szsen | ano 2 | oo | a0 cot | sin700 | soo oo seoat_| szneeo | _ 550 ss ee or | rear | reo [7m | ew eseai ? 450-620 MPa for HSS * Forangles only * Forthickness t> 100 mm, "Sop CSA G40.201040.21 eSA G40.21 67CHEMICAL COMPOSITION’ Table 6-4 ‘Chemical Composition (Heat Analysis) Percent cs eao2t percentages are maxima unless otherwise indicated. Grado c Ma? P s_ | st | ome®| or Ni cul zeow | 0.20%] 050-150 | 004 | 00s | o40 | o10 | — - - 3oow' | 0.22" | 050-150 | 004 | 00s | o40 | o10 | — = = ssow, | 023 ood | 00s | 040 | 010 | = = = sow" | 025, oa | 00s | 040 | 010 | = — = 4oow | 023" | 050-150 | 004 | 005 | 040 | or | — zi = asow | 026" | 060-150 | 004 | 005 | 040 | aio} — = = ssow | ois | 175" | 004 | 005 | 040 | 01s | — — = 2eowT | 020" | 080-150 | 003 015-040{ 010 | — = = soowt | 0.22" | 080-150, | 003 015-040] 0.10) = = - asowT, | 0.22" | 0.80-1.50"| 003 015-040 | 0.10 | — = = sgawr? | 0.22 | 0,80-1.50,| 0.03 015-040 | 0.10] = = = oowT | 022" | o.0-1.50°| 0.08 015040 | 0.10" | — = = agowt | 026" | 080-150 | 0.03 015-040 [o.10%") = = ssowT | 0.15 | 75% | 003 015040] 015 | — = = acon | ote | 075 | 0050.15] 004 | 075 | 0.10 |os0-1.25"| 090" |0.200.60"| as0a | a20 |o751.35%| 0.03 015-050 | 0.10, oso" | 020-060 4ooa | 020 | 0751.35" | 0.08 0.15050] 0.10 ago" | 0.20-060 4a0a | 0.20 | 1.00-1,60 | o.025"* 015050] 0.12 }0.25-0.50'*| 0.20-060 S604 | ots | 1.78" | oes" 018-050 | 0.15, 0.25-0.50'*| 0.20-060 asoat | 020 [o7s1s5] 009 018-050 | 0.10, ‘oso% | 020-060 aooat | 020 | 075-135" } 0.09, 0.18050 | 0.10 ogo" | 0.20-060 asoat | 020 |, 1.00-1,60 | 0.028" 0.15.060 | 0.12 0,250.50""| 020-060, ssoat | 015 |’ 1.75" | o.02s" 015-050] 0.15, 0.25-0.50""| 0.20-060 ova | 020 | 1.50 0.03) oasa40 | — | Boron0.000s-0.005 | — rooat | 020 | 1.50 003 | 004 |as040| — | Borono.c00s.000s | — Nets 4. For fll detaits, consut CSA Standard G40,20/G40.21. Usual deoxidation forall grades is fly ited. 2 Additional alloying elements may be used when approved. 3 For HSS Mn 0.50. 1.50% for JS0WT and 80V/T, 1.85% for 400 yield, 1.75% for 480 yield and 1.85% for 650 Yield steols. For HSS mininum mit for Ma shall be 0.30% provided thatthe ratio of Mn to C is nat less than 2to 1 and the rato of Mato Sis not less than 20 101 4, Sieontant of 0.15% to 0.40% i requited for type W steel over 40 mm thickness, HSS of A or AT steel, or bar ‘iameter except as required by Note 5. 65, By purchaser's request oF producers option, no minimum Si content is required provides that 0.018% acic- sokible Al oF 0.02% toal Al is used. 6 Includes grain-eining elements Cb, V, A. Elements Cb and V may be used singly orn combination. ‘See G40.20/G40 21 for qualifications Al, when used, Is not included in the summation 7. Copper content of 0.20% minimum may be specified. 8 For HSS 0.26% C and 0.30-1.20% Mn. 9, Only angles, bars, and HSS in 3B0W grade, and only HSS in G80VVT grade. 40.Forthioknesses over 100 mm, G may be 0.22% for 260W and 260WT grades, and 0.28% for SOOW, GOOWT end 350WT grades, 411, For HSS 0.20% C. 42 Nin may be inereased. See G40,20/040 21 for qualifications. 12, For HSS 0.08% P. 14, For H8S 0.08% S. 45, For HSS 0.12% 46 0.01-0,02% N may bo used but Ns ¥ V. A7.Gr-+Ni+Cu2 1.00% 1€ Cr+ Ni2.0.40% and for HSS, 0.90% Nimax.Table 6-5 STEEL MARKING COLOUR CODE Steel Grade Primary Colour ‘Secondary Colour 260W White Green 300W Green Green 350 Blue Groen 380W Brown Green 400W Black Groen 480w Yellow Groen 550 Pink Green 280WT White White S00WT Green White ssOwT Blue white s80wT Brown White 400wT Black White 4g0WT Yellow White ‘S50WT Pink White 9508 Blue Blue 350A Bue 4008 Black 4808 Yeliow 550A Pink 350AT Blue Brown 400AT Black Brown 43087 Yellow Brown S508T Pink Brown 7000 Red Red 7ooaT Raed Purple Inthis Code, the following colour system applies: Strength Level Primary Colour Type ‘Secondary Colour 260 write w Green 300 Groen wr white 350 Blue R Bue 380 Brown A Yellow 400 Black AT Brown 480 Yellow Q Red 550 Pink ar Purple 700 Red 69STANDARD IMPACT ENERGY AND TEST TEMPERATURE FOR SPECIFIED TYPE, GRADE AND CATEGORY catagory type | onde 1 2 3 ‘ 5 260, 300, 204, OC 204,-20°C | 20J,-20°C | 204, -45°C wr bath ensoy we. | aoc | arco | esa | ware | andi temperate sepeated AT 350,400,148 27, 0° ers,-20°C | 274,-20°C | 274,-45°C by the 50 purchaser. ar 700 3d, OC B4J,-20°C | 340, 20°C 94 J, 48°C Note: Charpy V-Notch, longitudinal specimens. See CSA G40.21-04 Clause 8.2.2. Unis: Impact energy in Joules (1 J = 0.738 tho) and test temperature in degrees Celsius.