CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction about the sector:-

BANKING

Banking, the business of providing financial services to consumers and

business. The basic services a bank provides are checking accounts, savings

accounts and time deposits that can be used to save money for future use;

loans that consumers and businesses can use to purchase goods and services;

and basic cash management services such as check cashing and foreign

currency exchange.

TYPES

Four types of banks specialize in offering these basic banking services:

1) Commercial banks,

2) Savings and loan associations,

3) Savings banks, and

4) Credit unions.

A broader definition of a bank is any financial institution that receives, collects,

Transfers, pays, exchanges, lends, invests, or safeguards money for its

customers. This broader definition includes many other financial institutions that

are not usually thought of as banks. These institutions include finance

companies, investment companies, investment banks, insurance companies,

pension funds, security brokers and dealers, mortgage companies, and real

estate investment trusts.

1
PURPOSE

Banking services serve two primary purposes.

First, by supplying customers with the basic mediums-of-exchange (cash,

checking accounts, and credit cards),

Second, by accepting money deposits from savers and then lending the money

to borrowers, banks encourage the flow of money to productive use and

investments. This in turn allows the economy to grow. Enabling the flow of

money from savers to investors is called financial intermediation, and it is

extremely important to a free market economy.

1.2 Industry Profile:-

a. Origin and Development of industry:-

Banking in India

Banking in India originated in the first decade of 18th century. The General

Bank of India came into existence in 1786. This was followed by Bank of

Hindustan. Both these banks are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in

India is the State Bank of India being established as "The Bank of Bengal" in

Calcutta in June 1806. A couple of decades later, foreign banks like Credit

Lyonnais started their Calcutta operations in the 1850s. At that point of time,

Calcutta was the most active trading port, mainly due to the trade of the British

Empire, and due to which banking activity took roots there and prospered. The

first fully Indian owned bank was the Allahabad Bank, which was established in

1865. By the 1900s, the market expanded with the establishment of banks such

as Punjab National Bank, in 1895 in Lahore and Bank of India, in 1906, in

Mumbai - both of which were founded under private ownership. The Reserve

2
Bank of India formally took on the responsibility of regulating

the Indian banking sector from 1935. After India's independence in 1947, the

Reserve Bank was nationalized and given broader powers. The banking in

India was controlled and dominated by the presidency banks, namely, the Bank

of Bombay, the Bank of Bengal, and the Bank of Madras - which later on

merged to form the Imperial Bank of India, and Imperial Bank of India, upon

India's independence, was renamed the State Bank of India. The presidency

banks were like the central banks and discharged most of the functions of

central banks. They were established under charters from the British East India

Company. The exchange banks, mostly owned by the Europeans, concentrated

on financing of foreign trade. Indian joint stock banks were generally under

capitalized and lacked the experience and maturity to compete with the

presidency banks, and the exchange banks. There was potential for many new

banks as the economy was growing. Under these circumstances, many Indians

came forward to set up banks, and many banks were set up at that time, and a

number of them set up around that time continued to survive and prosper even

now like Bank of India and Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, and

Canara Bank.

3
 b. Growth and Present Status of the Industry:-

By the 1960s, the Indian banking industry has become an important tool to

facilitate the development of the Indian economy. At the same time, it has

emerged as a large employer, and a debate has ensued about the possibility to

nationalize the banking industry. Indira Gandhi, the-then Prime Minister of India

expressed the intention of the GOI in the annual conference of the All India

Congress Meeting in a paper entitled "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation."

The paper was received with positive enthusiasm. Thereafter, her move was

swift and sudden, and the GOI issued an ordinance and nationalised the 14

largest commercial banks with effect from the midnight of July 19, 1969.

Jayaprakash Narayan, a national leader of India, described the step as a

"masterstroke of political sagacity." Within two weeks of the issue of the

ordinance, the Parliament passed the Banking Companies (Acquition and

Transfer of Undertaking) Bill, and it received the presidential approval on 9th

August, 1969. A second dose of nationalisation of 6 more commercial banks

followed in 1980. The stated reason for the nationalisation was to give the

government more control of credit delivery. With the second dose of

nationalisation, the GOI controlled around 91% of the banking business of

India. After this, until the 1990s, the nationalised banks grew at a pace of

around 4%, closer to the average growth rate of the Indian economy.

4
 c. Future of the Industry:-

A healthy banking system is essential for any economy striving to achieve good

growth and yet remain stable in an increasingly global business environment.

The Indian banking system, with one of the largest banking networks in the

world, has witnessed a series of reforms over the past few years like the

deregulation of interest rates, dilution of the government stake in public sector

banks (PSBs), and the increased participation of private sector banks. The

growth of the retail financial services sector has been a key development on the

market front. Indian banks (both public and private) have not only been keen to

tap the domestic market but also to compete in the global market place. New

foreign banks have been equally keen to gain a foothold in the Indian market.

The momentum in credit growth has been maintained during 2005-06 due to

two factors: The corporate sector has stepped up its demand for credit to fund

its expansion plans; there has also been a growth in retail banking. However,

even as the opportunities increase, there are some issues and challenges that

Indian banks will have to contend with if they are to emerge successful in the

medium to long term. This report discusses these issues and challenges -- both

intrinsic and external, such as

Consolidation

Consolidation, which has been on the counter over the last year or so, is likely

to gather momentum in the coming years. Post April 2009, when the restrictions

on operations of foreign banks will go, the banking landscape is expected to

change dramatically. Foreign banks, which currently account for 5% of total

deposits and 8% of total advances, are devising new business models to

5
capture the Indian market. Their full-fledged entry is expected to transform the

business of banking in many ways, which would be reflected in terms of greater

breadth of products, depth in delivery channels and efficiency in operations.

Thus Indian banks have less than three years to consolidate their position.

Despite the stiff resistance from certain segments, consolidation holds the key

to future growth. This view is underpinned by the following:

► Owing to greater scale and size, consolidation can help save costs and

improve operational efficiency.

► Banks will also have to explore different avenues for raising capital to meet

norms under Basel-II

► Owing to the diversified operations and credit profiles of merging banks,

consolidation is likely to serve as a risk-mitigation exercise as much as a growth

engine.

Though there is no confirmation yet, speculative signals arising from the market

point to the prospect of consolidation involving banks such as Union Bank of

India, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Dena Bank, State Bank of Patiala, and

Punjab and Sind Bank. Further, the case for merger between stronger banks

has also gained ground — a clear deviation from the past when only weak

banks were thrust on stronger banks. There is a case being made for mergers

between banks with a distinct geographical presence coming together to

leverage their respective strengths.

6
 CHAPTER-2 PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION

2.1 Origin of the Organization:-

Dena Bank was founded on 26th May, 1938 by the family of Devkaran

Nanjee under the name Devkaran Nanjee Banking Company Ltd.

It became a Public Ltd. Company in December 1939 and later the name was

changed to Dena Bank Ltd.

In July 1969 Dena Bank Ltd. along with 13 other major banks was nationalized

and is now a Public Sector Bank constituted under the Banking Companies

(Acquisition & Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970. Under the provisions of the

Banking Regulations Act 1949, in addition to the business of banking, the Bank

can undertake other business as specified in Section 6 of the Banking

Regulations Act, 1949.

7
Milestones

 One among six Public Sector Banks selected by the World Bank for

sanctioning a loan of Rs.72.3 crores for augmentation of Tier-II

Capital under Financial Sector Developmental project in the year

1995.

 One among the few Banks to receive the World Bank loan for

technological upgradation and training.

 Launched a Bond Issue of Rs.92.13 crores in November 1996.

 Maiden Public Issue of Rs.180 Crores in November 1996.

 Introduced Tele banking facility of selected metropolitan centers.

Dena Bank has been the first Bank to introduce:

 Minor Savings Scheme.

 Credit card in rural India known as "DENA KRISHI SAKH PATRA"

(DKSP).

 Drive-in ATM counter of Juhu, Mumbai.

 Smart card at selected branches in Mumbai.

 Customer rating system for rating the Bank Services.

8
 2.2 Growth and Development of the Organization:-

To evolve and position the bank as a world class, progressive, cost-effective

and customer friendly institution providing comprehensive financial and related

services: integrating frontiers of technology and serving various segment of

society especially the weaker section of the society: committed to excellence in

serving the public and also excelling in the corporate values. Corporate

excellence emanate from good corporate governance exercised by adopting

standard of transparency, accountability, professionalism, social

responsiveness, and ethical business practices with this in view, the has been

making efforts for adopting the best practices. The bank commitment towards

corporate governance is to bestow greater transparency and openness in the

management and to ensure best performance by staff at all the levels to

maximize the operational efficiency. Adopting the corporate governance as a

work ethos, the bank is committed to enhancing the stakeholders value.

2.3 Present Status of Organization:-

Dena bank might just be another case of bank in trouble. Going by the recent

observations of the accounting department of the bank itself, the bank’s capital

adequacy ratio (CAR) and profitability in serious doubts.

An analysis of the financial position of the bank for the year 2002-03, by the

accounts department of dena bank, copy of which is in the possession of Indian

Express, showed that the bank’s CAR stood at 9.33% would go down as low as

6.02% as per the latest RBI guidelines. In simple terms, a low CAR implies that

the bank would be trouble there is a run on it since it has overexposed itself.

9
Further, miscellaneous income, which also accounted for the

increase in profits, went up by Rs. 32.92 crore to Rs. 86.06 crore for the year

2002-03. However, the review showed that Rs. 19.50 crore of the

miscellaneous income was due to

transfer of old credits over five years lying with the bank in suspense receipts/

unclaimed credits.

Another element of doubts in the results is the fact that the bank had reversed

an amount of Rs. 18.40 crore to the balance sheet as disputed tax liability. This

was based on the expert opinions received by bank on tax consultants and also

on a high court decision in the case of American Express Bank. The above

three aspects are taken together accounted for Rs. 83.40 crore of profit.

2.4 Functional Departments of the Organization:-

Dena Bank deals with the following functional departments:

1. Personal

In the Dena Bank Personal Banking section, the organization offer its services

with a personal touch by reaching out to all in various manners, one of them is

through offering a basket of our Deposit Schemes which delivers a strong

return on all your personal savings and our Loan Schemes which provides the

required financial assistance in your times of need.

10
2. Corporate

Corporate Finance

Dena Bank provides financial assistance to the business entities engaged in

various activities of manufacturing, trading and service.

The Financial assistance is provided for setting up new projects, acquiring

assets and also for meeting day to day working capital requirements of the

constituents. These assistances are termed as Long Term Finance & Short

Term Finance respectively.

Term Finance

Term Loan/Finance covers funds required for acquiring means of production

such as land, building and plant and machinery etc. These could be for setting

up new projects or expanding the present activities. Term finance is generally

given for a longer period and is repayable in installments over the period with or

without Moratorium. The period and the installments are determined based on

the repayment capacity of the project / borrower.

Working Capital Finance

11
Working Capital Finance (WCF) is extended for carrying out

normal trading/ manufacturing activities.The working capital finance is provided

for a relatively shorter period generally for a period of 1 year and renewed on

yearly basis considering the performance of the borrower.

The WCF is considered only after project nearing completion and after full tie up

of term loan requirement.

The Working Capital limits of the borrower are assessed by adopting various

methods such as Projected Turnover Method (Nayak Committee

Recommendation), Permissible Bank Finance Method, Cash Budget Method

etc. depending upon the aggregate working capital limit required / enjoyed from

the banking system, nature of activity, production cycle etc. Working Capital

finance is in the form of pre-sale and post-sale limits. In Pre Sale Finance the

advance is granted for acquiring Inventory for production / processing or

Trading purpose while the Post-Sale Finance is extended against the

receivables. Dena Bank encourages Post-sale finance in the form of

purchase/discounting of bills etc.

 Pre Sales Finance : 

1. Cash Credit Hypothecation / Pledge against Stocks

2. Packing Credit Hypothecation / Pledgeagainst Stocks

3. Clean Packing Credit Limit

4. Trust Receipts

5. Working Capital Loan (Demand / Term)

 Post Sales Finance :

1. Bills discounting / purchase – Inland / Foreign

2. Cash Credit Hypothecation against Book Debts

12
 3. Advances against Export Incentives

4. Purchase of Cheques/Demand Draft

Non Fund Based Credit Assistance

The Business units also require Credit Assistance for procurement of Goods,

where the funds are not involved.Such facilities are available against the

assured commitments / guarantee from the Lending Institutions.

Dena Bank is extending such Non Fund Based assistance to the eligible units in

the form of : 

1. Issuance of Guarantee of various types like Performance, Financial, Bid

Bond, Tender Deposit / Earnest Money etc. and

2. Issuance of Letter of Credit

3. Deferred Payment Guarantee

Export Credit

Bank extends credit to Exporters at Competitive rates, at both Pre-shipment

and Post-shipment stages.

Recently, Bank has introduced Gold Card Scheme which provides cheaper

export credits to the eligible borrowers. Selected Clients engaged in exports are

also suitably rewarded in the form of Export Credit Denominated in Foreign

Currency viz. PCFC (Pre Shipment) / REBA (Post Shipment Credit).

Specific Schemes

The Bank has devised specific schemes for the following Sectors : 

1. Educational Institutions,

2. Builders & Developers,

13
 3. Hospitals,

4. Hotels & Restaurants &

5. Entertainment Industry.

3. NRI Desk

With over 1100 branches spread across the country, Dena Bank is your ideal

banking partner if you are a Non-Resident Indian.

All transactions by NRIs in Indian Banks are governed by RBI Rules and

Regulations .

 4. Priority & SME

These are the sectors where Dena Bank has taken special care to ensure

instant sanctions and approvals for all applicants.

14
Priority Sector Schemes:

1. Dena Rural Internet Kiosk Scheme

2. Dena Shakti Scheme

3. Dena Laghu Udyami Card Scheme

4. Dena Rural Artisan Credit Card Scheme

5. Dena Swarozgar Credit Card Scheme

5. Dena Billpay:-

AutoPay

Just give us your bill details, specify your bank account and we will pay your bill

for you every month from that account. You can specify an upper limit and bills

above this limit will be paid only on your specific instructions.

PhonePay

Get a SMS alert when bill is due and issue payment instructions in accordance.

Internet

If you have access to the internet, you can view and pay your bills online at

www.denabank.com. You will receive new bill notifications, due date reminders

and payment confirmations via email.

15
6. Dena ATM Services

Dena Bank always stands in forefront in understanding it customer’s need.

Dena Bank Debit cum ATM Card offers you an easy and convenient way to do

all your transactions and that too within a fraction of seconds. Presently we

have more than 380 ATMs all across India. Dena Debit cum ATM Card is your

Bank Account in your pocket. Get your Dena Bank Debit cum ATM Card today

and avail round the clock uninterrupted service. Below is the simple procedure

to use this facility:

1. Contact your Branch.

2. If you don’t have Saving or Current Account, first open your account.

3. Get the Debit/ATM Card Application form from the Branch, fill it up and

submit it to your Branch.

4. Within 10 days, you will receive your Debit cum ATM Card along with

PIN (Personal Identification Number) and Debit cum ATM Card Booklet.

5. Activate your card immediately by withdrawing cash from from Dena

Bank ATM. After that you can use your card on POS Terminal

( Merchant Establishments)

16
7. Other Services:-

Dena Bank, your trusted family bank, now is proud to offer a range of

sophisticated banking services by way of Any-branch banking, Multi City

cheque, Dena ATM's, Dena Cards, online remittance, Internet Banking, Mobile

banking, Tele banking, Online utility Bill Payment, Value added Service through

ATM, Kiosks, loans and many more. With over 1100 branches across the

country, we are always ready to serve our customers, and to offer them the 

best of the technology-enabled banking products and services.

2.5 Organization Structure and Organization Chart:-

Organization Structure:-

HEAD OFFICE

REGIONAL OFFICE

BRANCHES

17
Executive cards of the organization. They are Executive Director, General Manager

(GM), Deputy General Managers (DGM), assistant General Managers

(AGM), Chief Managers (CM), Managers and other officers are in the hierarchy at the

head office level functioning in various Departments. The regional Managers heads the

Regional Officers who are assisted by other down in the hierarchy. The Branch is

headed by AGM\CM\ Senior Managers\Managers depending upon the size of the

Branch activities and rendering of satisfactory customer service. The bank has a very

good system of delegating power to the different functionaries in the hierarchy to

facilitate speedy decision- making process even up to the branch Level.

Organization Chart:-

As mentioned above, the organization chart for a regional office is different from

organization charts of a Head Office as well as Branches. The organization

chart for the regional office where the training has taken place consists of

various designations and responsibilities. The various designations and the

persons responsible for that designation’s responsibilities are described as

under through the charts.

A. C. Katial
(DGM)
18
 S.J. Majumdar
(AGM)

Devi Singh Channokar

(Chief Manager)

G.D. Sinha
(Senior Manager)

Hakeem Alam
(Manager)

Deepika Kansal
(Officer)

2.6 Product and Service Profile of the Organization Competitors:-

State Bank Of India:-

The Bank is actively involved since 1973 in non-profit activity called Community

Services Banking. All our branches and administrative offices throughout the

country sponsor and participate in large number of welfare activities and social

causes. Our business is more than banking because we touch the lives of

19
people anywhere in many ways. Our commitment to nation-

building is complete & comprehensive.

Punjab National Bank:-

Established in 1895 at Lahore, undivided India, Punjab National Bank (PNB)

has the distinction of being the first Indian bank to have been started solely with

Indian capital.The bank was nationalised in July 1969 along with 13 other

banks. From its modest beginning, the bank has grown in size and stature to

become a front-line banking institution in India at present.

 A professionally managed bank with a successful track record of over

110 years.

 Largest branch network in India - 4525 Offices including 432 Extension

Counters spread throughout the country.

 Strategic business area covers the large Indo-Gangetic belt and the

metropolitan centres.

 Ranked as 248th biggest bank in the world by Bankers Almanac ,

London.

 Strong correspondent banking relationships with more than 217

international banks of the world.

 More than 50 renowned international banks maintain their Rupee

Accounts with PNB.

 Well equipped dealing rooms; 20 different foreign currency accounts are

maintained at major centres all over the globe.

20
Bank of India:-

Bank of India was founded on 7th September, 1906 by a group of eminent

businessmen from Mumbai. The Bank was under private ownership and control

till July 1969 when it was nationalised along with 13 other banks. 

Beginning with one office in Mumbai, with a paid-up capital of Rs.50 lakh and

50 employees, the Bank has made a rapid growth over the years and

blossomed into a mighty institution with a strong national presence and sizable

international operations. In business volume, the Bank occupies a premier

position among the nationalised banks. 

The Bank has 3021 branches in India spread over all states/ union territories

including 136 specialised branches. These branches are controlled through 48

Zonal Offices . There are 28 branches/ offices (including three representative

offices) abroad. 

The Bank came out with its maiden public issue in 1997 and follow on Qualified

Institutions Placement in February 2008. . Total number of shareholders as on

31/03/2009 is 2,35589. 

While firmly adhering to a policy of prudence and caution, the Bank has been in

the forefront of introducing various innovative services and systems. Business

has been conducted with the successful blend of traditional values and ethics

and the most modern infrastructure. The Bank has been the first among the

nationalised banks to establish a fully computerised branch and ATM facility at

the Mahalaxmi Branch at Mumbai way back in 1989. The Bank is also a

21
Founder Member of SWIFT in India. It pioneered the

introduction of the Health Code System in 1982, for evaluating/ rating its credit

portfolio.

Bank of baroda:-

Bank of Baroda believes in the strength and integrity of relationships built with

its customers like you. With over 101 years of experience in the banking

industry and a wide network of over 3000 branches all over the country, it has

always been active in extending financial support and adapting to customer’s

changing needs.

Its Deposit Products, Retail Loans, Credit Cards and Debit Cards help the

customers with their growing financial needs. With facilities like Lockers it

ensure that customer’s valuables are safe with it. Its countrywide branches offer

the customers convenience and ease in operating them account wherever they

are. Its 24-hour ATMs enable them to withdraw cash, check their account

balance and request for a new cheque book even after banking hours.

Faster technology for better service:-

Baroda Internet Banking / Baroda Mobile Banking, its latest Internet and Mobile

banking initiatives enable them to operate their account just as they would in

any of its branches. The customers can through the Internet check their

balance, request for chequebooks and print account details. Choose from its

22
 various products and services, that the bank sincerely feel will

put a smile on customers face; an investment it would like to bank on forever. 

Different Bank Parameters:-

Name of the Bank Last Market Cap. Net Interest Net Profit Total Assts
Price (Rs. Cr.) Income
SBI 2,266.45 143,892.43 63,788.43 9,121.24 964,432.08
PNB 917.45 28,927.43 19,326.16 3,090.88 246,918.62
Bank Of India 387.50 20,350.54 16,347.36 3,007.35 225,501.75
Bank Of Baroda 499.50 18,195.11 15,091.58 2,227.20 227,406.73

Table No- 1

2.7 Market Profile Of The Organization:-

Dena Bank is an India-based company which is engaged in treasury,

corporate/wholesale banking, retail banking, and other banking operations. The

deposit schemes offered by the Company include Premium Savings Account

Scheme, Premium Current Account Scheme, Dena Savifix Deposit Scheme,

Dena Freedom Deposit Scheme, Dena Samruddhi Deposit Scheme, Dena

Fixed Deposit Scheme, Dena Senior Citizen Scheme, Dena Recurring Deposit

Scheme, Dena Loan Linked Recurring Deposit Scheme, Dena Minor Savings

Scheme, and Dena Alpa Bachat Khata. It offers services, such as any branch

banking, multi city cheque, automated teller machines (ATMs), Dena Cards,

online remittance, Internet banking, mobile banking, tele-banking, online utility

bill payment, and value-added service. During the fiscal year ended March 31,

2009, the total number of branches comprised of 1184.

23
 Dena Bank. The Company's principal activity is to provide

commercial banking and other related services. The Company also provides in

merchant banking, asset management and other related services. The

company's banking products and services are provided through 1184 branches

offices, 387 ATMs all over India. The Company operates only in India.

The Company's principal activity is to provide commercial banking and other

related services. The Company also provides in merchant banking, asset

management and other related services. The company's banking products and

services are provided through 1184 branches offices, 387 ATMs all over India.

The Company operates only in India.

Dena Bank- Key Data:-

  Ticker: 532121 Country: INDIA

  Exchanges: BOM Major Industry: Financial

    Sub Industry: Commercial Banks

38,783,302,000
  2009 Sales Employees: 9,883
(Year Ending Jan 2010).

  Currency: Indian Rupees Market Cap: 25,340,829,720

  Fiscal Yr Ends: March Shares Outstanding: 286,823,200

  Share Type: Ordinary Closely Held Shares: 146,820,000

Table No- 2

24
 CHAPTER-3 DISCUSSIONS ON TRAINING

3.1 Student’s Work Profile:- The summer training was held in the Regional

office of Dena Bank. The work profile at the office was based on the loans and

advances given to small and median enterprises (SME). Hence the whole work

was based on the Pre-sanction formalities of credit given to a particular

enterprise. The responsibilities handled at the office were started from reading

the company’s project file (sent by the company to whom the loan is to be

sanctioned) and continued till the loan is sanctioned by the responsible

authority according to the limit to be sanctioned. The loan is sanctioned by

keeping in mind the various instructions and conditions.

General Instructions on Loans and Advances:-

 Efficient management of loans and advances portfolio has assumed

greater significance as it is the largest asset of the bank having direct

impact on its profitability. In the wake of the continued tightening of

norms of income recognition, asset classification and provisioning,

increased competition and emergence of new types of risks in the

financial sector, it has become imperative that the credit functions are

strengthened. RBI has also been emphasizing banks to evolve suitable

guidelines for effective management and control of risk credits.

 With a view to ensure a healthy loan portfolio, our bank has taken

various steps to bring its policies and procedures in line with the

changing scenario which also aim at effective management & dispersal

of credit risks, strengthening of pre-sanction appraisals and post-

25
sanction monitoring systems. Further, bank has been

continuously endeavoring to strengthen the organizational set up by opening

Specialized Branches to meet the credit requirements of specific types of

borrowers, imparting intensive credit management training to staff and

deployment of the trained staff at branches/offices having potential for credit

growth. Bank has laid down detailed guidelines to be followed while

considering credit proposals, some of the important ones are listed as

under:

1. All loan facilities be considered after obtaining loan applications from the

borrower and compilation of Confidential Report on him and guarantors.

The borrowers should have the desired background, experience to run

their business successfully.

2. Project for which the finance has been granted should be technically

feasible and economically viable i.e. it should be able to generate

enough surplus as to service the debts within a reasonable period of

time.

3. Cost of the project and means of financing the same should be properly

assessed and tied up. Both under-financing and over-financing can have

an adverse impact on the successful implementation of the project.

4. Borrowers should be financially sound, enjoy good market reputation and

must have their stake in the business i.e. they should possess adequate

liquid resources to contribute to the margin requirement.

5. Loan should be sanctioned by the competent sanctioning authority as

per the delegating loaning powers and should be disbursed only after

execution of all the required documents.

26
6. Projects financed must be closely monitored during implementation

stage to avoid time and cost overruns and thereafter till the adjustments

of the bank’s loan.

 Bank extends loan facilities by way of fund based facilities and/or non

fund based facilities. The fund based facilities are usually allowed by way

of term loans, cash credit, bills discounted/purchased, demand loans,

overdrafts etc. Further, the bank also provides non fund facilities by way

of issuance of guarantees, deferred payment guarantees, bills

acceptance facility under various schemes.

 The foregoing list contains the usual types of facilities undertaken by the

bank. In case loan application is received for any particular facility which

is not specifically mentioned above, the same should be forward to

controlling offices for considerations, provided the same can be

transacted within the overall policy of the bank.

 The usual types of facilities sanctioned by the bank to the borrowers, as

also other aspects like Project appraisal, Post-sanction follow up,

Management of NPAs, Documentation, and Limitation etc. are discussed

later. These are the briefly explanations hereunder:

 TERM LOANS:- Term loans are sanctioned for acquisition of

fixed assets like land, building, plant, machinery, office equipments,

furniture/fixture etc. for purchase of transport vehicles and other vehicles,

for purchase of agriculture equipments, machinery and other movable

27
assets, under various schemes of agriculture advances

introduced from time to time for purchase of house, consumer durables,

under special schemes. The term loan would be a loan, which is not a

demand loan and is repayable in terms i.e. in installments irrespective of

period or security cover.

Term loans are normally granted for periods varying from 3-7 years and

in the exceptional cases beyond 7 years. Term loans for infrastructure

projects can be allowed even with a longer repayment period.

 CASH CREDIT ADVANCES:- Cash credit account is a drawing

account against credit granted by the bank and is operated in exactly the

same way as a current account on which an overdraft has been

sanctioned. The various types of securities against which the cash

credits are allowed are pledge/hypothecation of goods or produce,

pledge of documents of title to goods, mortgage of immovable property,

book debts, trust securities etc. in cash credit accounts the borrower is

allowed to draw on account within the prescribed limit, as and when

required.

 PACKING CREDIT:- Packing credit is an advance given to an

exporter who holds a code number assigned to him by the Directorate

General Of Foreign Trade (DGFT), for financing the purchase,

processing, manufacturing or packing of goods prior to shipment, on the

basis of letter of credit opened in his favor on in favor of some other

person by an overseas buyer or a confirmed order for the export of

28
goods from India or any other evidence of an order for

export from India having been placed on the exporter or some other

persons, unless lodgment of export orders or letter of credit with the bank

has been waived.

 LETTER OF CREDIT:- Letter of credit is issued by the bank at

the request of its customers on favour of a third party informing him that

the Bank undertakes to accept the bills drawn on its customers upto the

amount stated in the LC, subjected to the fulfillment of the conditions

stipulated therein. Therefore, when bank issues LC, it assumes

responsibility to pay its beneficiary on production of bills drawn in

accordance with terms and conditions of LC.

 GUARANTEES:- Guarantees is a contract to perform the

promise or discharge the liability of third person in case of his default. In

the ordinary course of business, banks often issues guarantees on

behalf of its customers in favour of third parties. When bank issues such

a guarantee, it assumes a responsibility to pay the beneficiary, in the

event of a default made by the customers.

 NON PERFORMING ASSETS (NPAs):- NPAs act as drag on

bank’s profitability and need urgent attention at all levels. The action

points and strategies for reducing NPAs has to be two pronged (i)

recovery/ reduction in existing NPA accounts and (ii) checking slippage

of fresh accounts from performing (Standards) to NPA category. The

29
 action points may vary depending upon the area, nature of activity and

intention of borrower etc.

3.2 Description of Live Experiences:-

Training in Credit Department (SME) of the bank is very much informative. I felt

glad when first time I got a company’s project file. My senior handover it to me

to read it carefully and analyze it. After reading the file, I started completing the

Pre-sanctioned formalities of making a credit proposal for that company. The

proposal was to be made on the bank’s specific format. I handled my

responsibilities carefully and made the proposal as my knowledge and

perceptions according to the project file. I transferred the data to my senior. He

read the proposal and made necessary corrections in it. Then he again gave

me the proposal to come to know about the mistakes. I analyzed the proposal

made by my senior sincerely and wrote down the doubts in a diary. I learnt a lot

from this first experience. After this I got about 5-6 proposals in my whole

training and learning period and completed the training with a great expertise

and knowledge.

30
 CHAPTER-4 STUDY OF SELECTED RESEACH PROBLEMS

4.1 Statement of Research Problem:-

DENA Bank is powering its way through a market that is still to unleash its true

potential, as barely two percent of the population has been penetrated so far!

It is not surprising that the bank is not in the mood to take its hands off the

throttle. At Dena Bank, our goal is to satisfy the customers in every way

whatever a customer wants. The goal is to help the customers in every step of

the way in making their world a better place to live in. Besides its will is to

provide a high quality service to all of its customers, Dena Bank takes a stand

as a socially responsible enterprise respectful to its environment and respectful

of the important issues. Dena bank has been strongly committed not only to

environmental conservation programmes but also expresses the increasingly

inseparable balance between the economic concerns and the environmental

and social issues faced by a business. A bank must not grow at the expense of

mankind and man's future but rather must serve mankind.

4.2 Statement of Research Objectives:-

The project was done with the objective to study effective management of

Loans and Advances. As the Loans and Advances portfolio is the largest asset

of the bank having direct impact on its profitability. With a view to ensure a

healthy loan portfolio, my study is concerned to ensure various steps to bring

the policies and procedures in line with changing scenario which also aim at

31
effective management and dispersal of credit risks, strengthening of pre-

sanction appraisals and post sanction monitoring system.

The objective is to study the various types of facilities appraised by the bank to

the borrower such as Term Loan, Cash Credit Limit, Packing Credit Limit, Bank

Guarantee etc. After this the objective is to learn about the whole procedure

adopted by the bank to sanction a loan, such as Documentation, Credit Risk

Management, CIBIL Report, Mortgages- Immovable properties, Pricing of Credit

(Interest Rates) and Credit Rating System etc.

4.3 Research Design and Methodology:-

The research process or methodology is the approach to the entire study – it is

the master plan. It is the blueprint for achieving your objectives, one of which is

the production of the dissertation.

The Process

1. Formulating a research problem

2. Conceptualizing a research design

3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

4. Selecting a sample

5. Writing a research proposal

6. Collecting the data

7. Processing the data

8. Writing a research report.

32
 This is the simple way to perform the functions of research design and

methodology. But in the premises of the bank, no such research has been

taken place. The whole research has been done on the credit appraisal

procedures on the bank’s specific format.

4.4 Analysis of Data:-

DENA BANK, SME CELL, REGIONAL OFFICE, NEW DELHI

PROPOSAL NO.: RO/NDR/SME/12/2009 Date: 12.10.2009

Proposal Proposal Complete

received at Branch received at RO Proposal received at HO

Date :08.10.09 Date 23.10.09 Date

FOR APPROVAL- GENERAL MANAGER

GIST OF THE PROPOSAL:

Proposal for :

a. Renewal  of existing CCH (Stocks-cum-Book Debts) limit 

of Rs.250.00 lacs

b. Renewal of existing Negotiation of Bills under LC limit of Rs. 150.00

lacs.

c. Renewal of existing Performance/Financial/Bid Bond Guarantee

limit of Rs. 350.00 lacs.

1. PROFILE

Name
M/s Paragon Cable India.
of borrower

33
 29, Rajasthan Udhyog Nagar,

G T Karnal Road, New Delhi-110033

Tel- 011- 27691333, 27692333
Address
Fax- 011-27691129
(Regd. Office
E-mail: pci@vsnl.net,  mail@elektron.com

Branch: Wazirpur Region: New Delhi

Established on 05.03.1991 Whether appearing in

Dealing
1991 Standard B List No
with us since

Group: No. Willful Defaulter List No

Manufacturing,
Trading  and  J
ob Work  of
Line of Activity Defaulter / CIBIL List No
Electric Wires  
& Power
Cables

Key
Key Person Sh. Vikas Nagpal
Person/Promoter
Sh. Vikas Nagpal
Promoter

Multiple / Consorti
Sole EXISTING PROPOSED
um

Leader Bank N.A. Asset Classification Standard Standard

Asset
Our share: [Rs. In Lakhs] Category as per CMC Gui P1 P1
delines

FB - % 400.00 D2K Codes & Description

34
 Insulated
Wires & Cables 
– Electrical.
NFB- % 350.00 Activity 8010

STL- Nil Sector 15 SME

TL- Nil Special Category

Priority No

BSR Code: Basel II Code:

Risk Weightage 100% Provisioning: 0.25%

Risk “Best”  BPLR+ 0
Cr Credit Risk Rating “BBB”
Grade as per ABS Dt 31.03.2009 .75%

3. NAMES OF PARTNERS & NET WORTH                                     (Rs. in Lacs)

Sr. Name Net Worth As on Basis

1 Shri Vikas Nagpal 486.76 31.03.09 Audited B/S

2 Smt Anjana Nagpal 151.88 31.03.09 Audited B/S

No
Whether Proprietor / Partner/ Director / Guarantor
has any relationship with any Director or
Senior Official (Scale IV & above) of
the Bank. If so give details (Refer to Guidelines)

4.  Major Shareholders:  N.A. (Since it is Partnership A/c)

5. BRIEF HISTORY OF SANCTIONS INCLUDING REVIEWS
AND ADHOCS DURING THE PAST TWELVE MONTHS.

Sanctions Dt. Gist

Renewal of existing limits by GM(Credit)
08.05.2008

35
 6. PRESENT PROPOSAL:

Renewal of the existing limits, as under :

(Rs in lacs)
Facility Existing Outstanding DRAWING Irregular/ Proposed Variation
as on 22-10- POWER Overdue
2009 amount
Limit Margin (%) Limit Margin (%)

a) Fund Based
CCH(Stock Stock-25% Stock-25%
1 250.00 135.82 250.00 250.00 Nil
cum Book Book
Book Debts)
Debts-40% Debts-40%

2. Negotiation of 150.00 0.00 150.00 150.00 Nil

Bills under L/C

Total 400.00 135.82 400.00 400.00 Nil

b) Non
- Fund   Base
d
Per-10%, Per-10%,
1 Bank 350.00 47.10 350.00 350.00 Nil
Fin/BidBond- Fin/BidBond-
Guarantee 25% 25%

Total 350.00 47.10 350.00 350.00 Nil

c) Forward Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

cover

d) Grand 750.00 182.92 750.00 750.00 Nil

Total (a+b+c)

e) Investment Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Exposure

TOTAL 750.00 182.92 750.00 750.00 Nil

EXPOSURE

II. SECURITY / DOCUMENTATION:-

Prime security                                 (Rs. in lacs)

Nature Value Basis

36
Proposed
Rs.312.36.00(Inventory) Stock Statement as of
Hyp. of Stock and Book Debts Aug.2009

Book Debt Statement as

Rs.195.98 of Aug 2009.
(Receivables)

Collateral Security                           

Nature of Security Type Value Basis / Source Whether
of eligible
Charg under
e CRM
(Basel II
Norms)
1. Equitable Mortgage  Equilate The market Valuation No
of Land and Building at ral value  of the Report  by our Pane
plot No. 11, Sector-6, IM Mortgag property  is l Valuer, M/s
T Maneshar, HSIDC, e Rs. 653.46 Accurate
Gurgoan, Haryana  adm lacs Valuers dated 23.03
easuring  4050 Sq  Mtr whereas .09.
in  the  name  of  Shri the  Distress 
Vikas Nagpal  partner value @80% Search Report  by 
of  M/s Paragon Cable is Rs.522.78 our Panel Advocate, 
India. lacs Shri Vineet
Sharma 
dated 09th April 200
9 states that the 
subject property  is
unencumbered 
and marketable.
2.Hypothecation Hypoth Rs. 21.74 WDV as  per No
of  Plant and Machinery, ecation lacs Audited B/S as of 3
Furniture & Fixture and 1.03.09
other equipments existin
g as
well to be acquired in
future.
Aggregate Collateral
Security Rs. 544.52
lacs

i) Percentage coverage of collateral security:

1 Total value of Collateral Security Rs. 544.52 Lakhs

2 Of which our share Rs. 544.52 Lakhs

3 Total limits proposed from our Bank Rs. 750.00 Lakhs

37
4 Collateral coverage 72.06%

ii) Reasons in case of dilution of security coverage:

Collateral Coverage at the time of last renewal was 77.20%. Reason for
dilution of security coverage is that Market value of property (collateral) was
considered whereas distress sale value of property is considered in the
present case. In case Market value is considered in the present case,
collateral coverage would be 90.03%

c) Date of creation of Charge: N.A. since partnership firm.

d) Date of subsequent modification of charge: N.A.

e) Date of vetting of documents by legal officer /Panel Advocate:18-07-
2008

f)  Name of Guarantors & their net worth   (Rs. in lakh)

Name Relationship Net Worth As of Basis

Shri Vikas Nagpal Partner 486.76 31.03.09 Audited B/S

Smt Anjana Nagpal Partner 151.88 31.03.09 Audited B/S

Shri D L Nagpal Guarantor 1000.00 26.11.07 Annexure CC

Shri Prem Nagpal Guarantor 300 26.11.07 Annexure CC

* Branch to obtain and keep on record C.A. certified Personal Balance Sheet/ Net
Worth Statement of the guarantors as of 31-03-2009 and ensure there is no significant
decline in Net Worth of the individual persons vis-a vis last sanction.

III.   CREDIT RATING & Pricing:

Pricing Existing Proposed

Credit Rating Score Based on ABS  [ March 09] ‘A’ “BBB”

Applicable interest rate as per Credit Rating BPLR+0.50% BPLR+0.75%

Interest rate presently Charged and Proposed BPLR+0.75% BPLR+0.75%

38
Concession if any N.A. N.A.

Interest Rate charged by Lead Bank N.A.

Commission on NFB Limits As per norms

Processing Charges 1.25% of the

sanctioned
limit.

Factors contributing to the up gradation / slippage in credit rating:

Major factor contributing to decline in credit rating is due to decline in collateral

coverage on account of factors already discussed in the note.

Justification for proposing lower rate of interest/concession in charges/

process  fees:  N.A.

IV.Permissions for Deviations, Issue of NOCsetc  &  Concessions  in 

service  charges

No Existing Proposed

1 N.A., since no concessions/deviations are proposed.

9.  Ratifications required for actions, exceeding
permitted etc. beyond discretionary powers: N.A.

10. COMPANY PROFILE (in brief)

(DETAILS OF MANAGEMENT, PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED, USER
INDUSTRIES & COMPANY’S MAJOR CUSTOMERS)

M/s Paragon Cable India a Partnership Firm, established in 1991, is engaged in

manufacturing, trading and job work of electric wires and power cables.

Managing Partner Shri Vikas Nagpal is having good experience of 15  years in

the line of business. The Firm is selling its product to various State Electricity
Boards ,Power Corporations  and  various Central Govt.  Departments. 
Further, the Firm also sells it’s major products to  private organization/
institutions viz Reliance Group,Tata Group,IVRCL, AREVA.
39
 The firm is enjoying credit facilities with our Bank
since January 1991. The conduct of the account is satisfactory.

11.  INDUSTRY SCENARIO

I Industry Categorisation Insulated Wires and Cables.

Demand and supply situation of the Demand for the product

product – present and projected is satisfactory.
(source of information)

Major players & their market share There are  various 

manufacturers in this line
but the company is known for i
ts products.
Rs. 2729.47 lacs
Bank’s exposure in this industry

Rs. 6.91 lacs i.e. 0.25% of the

NPA position aggregate exposure

f. Cyclical trends There are no cyclical trends

affecting the industry.

Govt. policies The policy of Govt. is

favourable.

Whether the  product  is  an  import  N.A.

substitute, if so, what is the landed cost of
import and what is the production cost
of the indigenous manufacture

Availability of raw materials, labour,  Raw material,  labour  etc.

infrastructural advantages easily  available at the site.

What are internal & external advantages of The company is using latest

the borrower/technology used technology.

What are the weaknesses Market uncertainties.

What are the relative opportunities The firm is looking for Govt.

order & better opportunities.

40
m. What are the threats Chinese imports of cheaper
quality goods, market
uncertainties and fluctuations.

Any other information Nil

12. PRODUCTION CAPACITY

Production Capacity Existing Proposed

Installed 2000 KM 2000KM

Utilised 1000KM 1000KM

% Utilisation 50% 50%

13. MARKET CAP:  N.A. (Since it is a partnership account.)

14. FINANCIAL INDICATORS                              [Rs in lakhs]

Audited Audited Estimate Projection

As on 31.03.08 31.03.09 31.03.10 31.03.11

i.  Capital 342.35 343.15 380.00 425.00

ii.  Reserves & Surplus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

iii. Intangible Assets 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tangible Net worth 342.35 343.15 380.00 425.00

Net Working Capital 227.92 234.43 320.00 374.00

Current Ratio 1.44 1.39 1.58 1.62

Gross Block        

Net Block 143.48 167.03 154.00 145.00

Net Sales 2947.04 3347.76 2900.00 3200.00

41
- of which exports        

PBDIT 123.69 158.35 147.00 144.00

Gross Profit - PBDT 78.52 116.71 112.00 114.00

Net Profit / Loss – PAT 63.91 101.91 77.00 80.00

Depreciation 6.37 9.19 10.00 9.00

Cash Accruals 70.28 111.10 87.00 89.00

PBDIT/ Gross Sales 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05

Gross Profit Margin 2.66 3.49 3.86 3.56

Net Profit Margin 2.17 3.04 2.66 2.50

TDER (TOL/TNW) 1.90 2.18 1.79 1.72

Interest Coverage Ratio 2.56 3.67 3.49 3.97

Current Assets  to

Turnover  Ratio 4.37 4.25 3.89 3.79

Comments on financial performance:

Sales :

The existing Fund Based limit of Rs 400.00 and Non-Fund Based Limit of Rs 250.00
lacs was earlier assessed on an estimated Sales Turnover of Rs 2850.00 during FY

2007-08 against which the actual achievement is Rs 2947.04 lacs i.e. achievement
index of 103.40%. Sales registered 15.52% during FY 2007-08 over the previous
financial year, while the growth registered during FY 2008-09 is 13.60%.

The borrower has now estimated and projected a sales turnover of Rs 2900.00 lacs
and Rs 3200.00 lacs during FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11 respectively.

The borrower has attributed lower raw material as consequently lower finished good
prices as the main reason for lower sales projections during FY 2009-10. The global
financial crisis leading to depressed market conditions also partly contributed to the
lower sales projections.

42
During the first half of the current financial year i.e. Sept’09, the
borrower has achieved a sales turnover of Rs 1075.00 lacs. The same translates into
annualized turnover of Rs 2150.00 lacs i.e. 74.14% vis-à-vis target. However, based
on orders on hand and improving market sentiments, the borrower is optimistic of
achieving the estimated/projected sales turnover. In fact, the borrower has a track
record of surpassing the projections.

In view of the above, the estimated and projected sales turnover is considered realistic
and achievable and is hence accepted by us.

Capital/Net Worth :

The Capital/Net Worth of the borrower stood at Rs 343.15 lacs as of 31.03.09 and
shows increasing trend over the years due to induction of capital/plough-back of profits
in business.

Unsecured Loans :

As per existing terms of sanction, Unsecured Loans were stipulated to be maintained

at the level of Rs 51.00 lacs against which the level of Unsecured Loans stood at Rs
87.75 lacs as of 31.03.09. The same is estimated and projected to be maintained at
the level of Rs 80.00 lacs during FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11.

Branch should obtain and keep on record an undertaking from the borrower to the
effect that level of unsecured loans would be maintained at least at the level of Rs
80.00 lacs during the currency of bank finance and would not be withdrawn without the
express consent of the Bank. The Unsecured Loans would also remain subordinated to
Bank Finance.

Profitability :

Gross Profit and Net Profit Margin registered increase to 3.49% and 3.04%
respectively.during the FY 2008-09 over the previous financial year.

Gist of Financial indicator of the Firm as of 30-09-2009 is as under-

(Rs. In lacs)

Sales 1075.00

Capital 362.00

Unsecured loan 82.00

Fixed Assets 162.00

Net Profit 36.00

43
 Auditor’s remarks and Management replies : No such
qualifications/remarks.

Current performance trends:                                Rs in lacs

Estimated sales turnover for the year 2,900.00

Achievement till September 2009 1075.00

Pro-rata achievement 74.13%

INTER-FIRM COMPARISON (PEER GROUP)

N.A. (Since the proposed credit exposure is less that Rs 5000.00 lacs )

16.  ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Projection of sales as per last CMA DATA for the year ended 3103.09- Rs.2850.00
lacs
Actual sales for the year ended 31.03.09__Rs.3347.76 lacs
Last Year Current Following
Actual as Year Year
per audited Estimates Projections
Balance Regular Peak Level
Sheet
Year ending
Net Sales 3347.76 2900.00 3200.00
Total Current Assets 843.15 870.00 974.00
Less Current Liabilities (other than Bank
borrowing for working capital) 369.47 300.00 350.00
Working Capital Gap 473.68 570.00 624.00
Minimum Stipulated margin 25% of current
assets/projected NWC (whichever is
higher) 210.79 217.50 243.50
Max. Permissible Bank Finance 239.40 250.00 250.00
Total Existing Working Capital limits 239.40 250.00 25.00
Excess borrowing, if any, to be converted Nil Nil Nil
into Working Capital Term Loan

B INVENTORY AND RECEIVABLE LEVELS:                      (Rs in lakh)

Actual Estimate Projection
Inventory Last
accepted 31.3.2009 31.3.2010 31.3.2011

Level Mths Value Mths Value Mths Value

Raw Materials

44
Work in Progress

Finished Goods 1.22 320.45 1.27 290.00 1.27 320.00

Receivables

- Domestic 1.68 467.53 1.88 455.00 1.97 525.00

- Export

Stores & Spares

Creditors 1.24 325.13 1.33 284.00 1.39 333.00

C. COMMENTS ON ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL WITH
JUSTIFICATION

The existing Fund Based limit of Rs 400.00 and Non-Fund Based Limit of Rs 250.00
lacs was earlier assessed on an estimated Sales Turnover of Rs 2850.00 during FY
2007-08 against which the actual achievement is Rs 2947.04 lacs i.e. achievement
index of 103.40%. Sales registered 15.52% during FY 2007-08 over the previous
financial year, while the growth registered during FY 2008-09 is 13.60%.

The borrower has now estimated and projected a sales turnover of Rs 2900.00 lacs
and Rs 3200.00 lacs during FY 2009-10 and FY 2010-11 respectively. The borrower
has attributed lower raw material as consequently lower finished good prices as the
main reason for lower sales projections during FY 2009-10. The global financial crisis
leading to depressed market conditions also partly contributed to the lower sales
projections.

During the first half of the current financial year i.e. Sept’09, the borrower has achieved
a sales turnover of Rs 1075.00 lacs. The same translates into annualized turnover of
Rs 2150.00 lacs i.e. 74.14% vis-à-vis target. However, based on orders on hand and
improving market sentiments, the borrower is optimistic of achieving the
estimated/projected sales turnover. In fact, the borrower has a track record of
surpassing the projections.

In view of the above, the estimated and projected sales turnover is considered realistic
and achievable and is hence accepted by us.

The borrower has now estimated holding levels as under :

Amount
S.N. Particulars Months
(Rs in lacs)

1. Finished Goods 1.27 290.00

45
2. Receivables 1.88 455.00

3. Creditors 1.33 284.00

The holding levels as above are in tune with the actual holding levels of FY 2008-09
and are considered need-based and reasonable. Hence, the same is accepted by us.

Based on the accepted levels of inventory and receivables as above, the Drawing Power
is calculated as under :
Amount D.P.
Particulars Months Margin
(Rs in lacs) (Rs in lacs)

Finished Goods 1.27 290.00 25% 4.50

Less : Sundry Creditors 1.33 284.00

Paid Stocks 6.00

Receivables 1.88 455.00 40% 273.00

Total 277.50

The borrower has requested for renewal of the existing CCH limit of Rs 250.00 lacs
and the same has been recommended by the Branch. As per assessment of limits
under Modified MPBF Method, the permissible limit of Rs 250.00 lacs. The requisite
D.P. is also available, as per the aforesaid table.

In view of the above, we recommend for renewal of the existing CCH (Stocks-cum-
Book Debts) limit of Rs 250.00 lacs.

Renewal of Negotiation of Bills under L/C Limit :

The borrower is presently enjoying Bills Negotiation (under L/C) limit of Rs 150.00 lacs,
outside the overall MPBF, which it has requested for continuation. Branch has
informed that no Bills have being negotiated under the aforesaid limit during FY 2008-
09.

However, looking to contingent requirement and based on the borrower’s request,

Branch has recommended for renewal of the Bills Negotiation under L/C limit of Rs
150.00 lacs. We endorse the Branch recommendation.

17.  ASSESSMENT OF TERM LOAN/ DEFERRED PAYMENT
GUARANTEE:  N.A.

A. LETTER OF CREDIT: N.A.

46
 B. BANK GUARANTEE

Purpose of the Limit Participation in Bidding Process for Tenders

b. Nature & amount of limit sanctioned Performance/ Financial /Bid Bond Guarantee 

limits of Rs. 350.00 lacs.

Outstanding as on 30-09-2009 Rs 47.10 lacs

The Borrower is required to furnish Bank
Whether the existing limit is proposed  Guarantee for participation in Tenders. The
to be continued, if so, justification borrower has requested for the Renewal of
the existing B.G. limit.

In view of the above & since there has been

no instances of invocation of B.G. in the past,
we recommend for the renewal of existing
B.G. limit of Rs. 350.00 lacs.

Name of the beneficiary / ies in whose Various beneficiaries such as Reliance,

favour guarantees to be issued Tata Group, IVRCL, AREVA,etc

Nature Performance/Financial/Bid Bond Guarantee
of the guarantee limit required i.e.
performance/ financial/ Bid Bond etc.
No. of BG s issued during FY 2008-09 10
Assessment
and justification for the limit proposed Amount of Bank Guarantees (Rs in lacs) 47.10

Instances of invocation of BG,if any No

In view of the above and based on Branch

recommendation, we recommend for renewal of
existing Bank Guarantee Limit of Rs 350.00 lacs.
10% on Performance Bank Guarantee
Margin proposed
25% on Financial Bank Guarantee

[HO, vide  its’ sanction  note no.

DCC/SME/267/2009 dated  29.07.2009 by Gener
al Manager,  has sanctioned with  the margin of
15% to only specific institute NSIC
in the  form of Financial/Other  Guarantee and the
same is proposed to be continued].

47
 Security Extension of charge over the stock,
receivables and fixed assets of the borrower.

ECGC cover for export performance  N.A.

guarantees
Net Fixed Assets as of 31-03-09- Rs. 167.03 lacs.
Asset coverage for Non-
Fund Based limits B.G. limit - Rs. 350.00 lacs

Asset coverage:47.72%

Views/comments on the conduct of the account

A. Comments on utilisation of both fund and Non fund based limits

Whether stock statements are submitted every month. Yes

If not submitted regularly mention the date of last stock statement

Whether operations are within sanctioned limits Yes

Whether limits are utilised optimally /satisfactorily Yes

Frequency of inspection of stocks. Date of the
last inspection and irregularity/adverse features,
if any observed and steps taken to set right the same.
Insurance cover - Whether securities adequately insured Yes, as reported by the
and in force Branch.

Branch to ensure that the

securities charged to the
Bank (both Prime and
Collateral) are
adequately and
comprehensively insured
(with Bank Clause) and
copy of the Policy should
be kept on Branch
record.

48
Whether terms and conditions of previous sanction Yes, as reported by
have been complied with, if not, specify Branch
time frame to complete (with explanation)
& permission obtained from competent authority

Whether certificate from Pollution Control Board has N.A.

been obtained.

Whether the borrower is facing any litigation No.

from banks /FIs/creditors/ Govt. Deptt./
Statutory bodies etc., if so, state in brief.

In case of consortium advance, whether our N.A.
bank is getting proportionate share of business

Additional / temporary limits sanctioned subsequent to N.A.

the last regular sanction and whether
same is liquidated on due date or not

Outstanding N.A.
amount of unhedged Foreign Currency Exposures

B. Income Value of account            (Rs. in Lakh)

Last year Current year

Value of account (Deposits)

Process Fee recovered

Interest earned 18.82 11.20

Exchange income nil Nil

Commission earned 0.82 2.56

Income from Third party products / insurance

49
Others (Lead Bank Fee, Commitment fee, Penal
Interest, Syndication fee)

Total 19.64 13.76

Turnover in Foreign Exchange Business

Deposits placed (Owner Directors/ partners or Family
Members, Relatives & Friends)

- Current

- Savings

- Term Deposits

a. Adverse features affecting credit decision and action
proposed (including non compliance to terms and conditions of
sanction and present position)

Sr No Pending Matters Present position Steps taken / Remarks

Nil

b. MAJOR INSPECTION / AUDIT IRREGULARITIES POINTED OUT
IN THE LAST INSPECTION REPORT

Credit Audit Report dated 05-02-2009 :

S.N Observations in Credit Audit Report Branch reply
1. Certificate of Documentation and compliance Scrutiny of Documents carried out by Shri
of terms and conditions of sanction not Kalim Ur Rehman (Bank’s Panel
submitted Advocate) on 18.07.08.

Compliance of terms and conditions have

2. Unit inspected but report not prepared. Give
the date of report preparation and report any
adverse observations if any
3. Observations in FFR to be analyzed and
reported to Regional Office
4. Valuation of Collateral not done once in two
years as per guidelines
5. Inadequate Insurance of Stocks and
been submitted.
Latest Stock Inspection Report dated
No major/adverse observations.
FFR is being obtained/scrutinized and
forwarded to Regional Office.
Valuation done on 23-03-2009
Insurance taken from 17-3-2009

50
 insurance expired on 14/3/2009
6. Half- yearly review of Credit rating not done
as per extant guidelines.
Branch to do credit rating exercise on the
basis of Audited Balance Sheet for the year
2007-08.
7. Branch to get the External Credit rating
done, inform the status of External Credit
rating
8. Branch to ensure ostentation of CA Certified
Book Debts Statement age-wise and ensure
periodical inspection
Credit Rating based on the Audited B/S
as of 31.03.09 is being carried out with
the present proposal.
The borrower has obtained Credit Rating
from SMERA (SMERA C3) on 05.12.08.
However, in terms of BASEL-II guidelines,
the borrower has been advised to obtain
External Credit Rating from any of the
approved Rating Agencies i.e. CRISL,
CARE, ICRA, FITCH..
received on 30-4-2009

Stock Inspection Report dated 24-10-2008 from M/s D.P. Gupta &
Co. Charted Accountant.

Auditor Remarks Branch Reply

1. Hypothecation agreement for collateral

security for Plant and Machinery , furniture
and fixtures and other equipments existing
as well as to be acquired in future is not
obtained by the branch. Insurance of the
same has also not been taken.

2. Audited B/s of the march, 2008 was not Audited B/S as of 31-03-2008 and31-03-
available for verification 2009 has been obtained and kept on
Branch Record.

3. Details of Collateral Security of property Details of Collateral Security of property at

at Manesar is not recorded in Title Deed Manesar is recorded in Title Deed
Register. Register.

4. Banks name plate showing “stock Banks name plate showing “stock
hypothecated with Dena Bank” not hypothecated with Dena Bank” is now
displayed being displayed.

5. Vetting of latest documents has not Vetting of latest documents has been
been done.( Documents vetted 05-06- done.
2008)

6. One Bank guarantee of Rs. 2.69 lacs

issued on behalf of the party has expired
on 13-07-2008.

7. FFR-I & FFR-II has not been obtained FFR-I & FFR-II is now being obtained and
by the branch from the Firm scrutinized by the branch and submitted to

51
 Regional Office has not been obtained by
the branch from the Firm

c. Directors’ name figuring in RBI/ Wilful Defaulters’ /
CIBIL / SAL – ECGC list and comments
thereon. Impact on taking exposure where
names are appearing in the defaulters list: NIL

d. Position of statutory dues and incentives receivables:-

Provident Fund, ESI and Superannuation contribution paid upto Branch is

Wages and salaries paid upto advised to
Sales Tax paid upto obtain and
Service Tax paid upto keep in record
Income Tax Assessment completed upto and for the year ending # the Statutory
Advance Tax paid for the year ending Due Certificate
Excise duty paid upto from the
Municipal Tax, Octroi etc. borrower duly
certified by the
Incentives from the Government and other agencies
C.A. of latest
Disputes not acknowledged as debts
date and
Contingent Liabilities (Likely to turn into Liabilities) Branch
Reconciliation of Debtors/ creditors Manager
should ensure
that there are
no Statutory
overdues.

CA certificate to be obtained and kept on record

# wherever borrowers encounter tax disputes, searches, raids by tax authorities, details
along with proceedings and present status should be reported.

e. Group dealings/experience & desirability of further exposure:

f. RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk Risk Factor Risk Mitigation

1.Industry/Activity There are large numbers of  On account  of  growing 

Risk manufacturers both in
the organized as well as
unorganized sector and the
expansion in their capacity
could lead to recession/oversupply.
economy and infrastructure
development, the demand is likely 
to absorb the supply on account 
of capacity increase.

52
2.Borrower/Borrower
Risk The firm may face competition The firm will be able to withstand 
from the unorganized sector  the competition on the basis of
in the regular cable products. quality and business experience.

3.Security Risk The product  is  prone  to  theft and  The firm  to  take  comprehensive
fire. insurance, with Bank clause, to
cover  such  type  of risk.

4. Other Risk Nil

20.  Compliance oF RBI / Bank Loan Policy guidelines

Deviation if any with justification

The proposal is as per RBI / Bank’s Loan Policy guidelines.

21.  MODIFICATION IN EXISTING TERMS OF SANCTION IF ANY:N.A.

22. VIEWS/RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE CREDIT COMMITTEE:

N.A. since it is a renewal proposal.

23. DISCRETIONARY POWER FOR SANCTION AND FOR

APPROVAL OF DEVIATION, IF ANY:

The proposal falls within the overall discretionary powers of GM (Credit).

24. RECOMMENDATION:

Branch has recommended for renewal of existing fund based limit of Rs. 400.00
lacs and Non fund based limit of Rs. 350.00 lacs as per existing terms and
conditions.

25. REGIONAL OFFICE RECOMMENDATION:
 It is an existing SME client of the branch. SME sector is
presently one of the thrust areas of finance of the Bank.
 The Borrower is dealing with us since 1991 and the
overall track record is satisfactory.
 The partners have experience of more than 15 years  in
the  line  of  business.
 The borrower is having profit making track record.
 Collateral base of the  exposure is 72.60%, which may be
considered satisfactory.
 The limits are justified under Modified MPBF method.

53
  Branch has recommended for renewal of the existing
limits.

PUT UP FOR APPROVAL.

Officer Manager Sr. Manager AGM DGM

SME SME SME SME SME

ANNEXURE 'A'
Ref No. NDR/ICFD/SS/ 01
Date : 23-10-2009

Name of the unit/borrower : M/s Paragaon Cable India

1) Nature of arrangement : Cash Credit Hypothecation
(Stock-cum-Book Debts)
2) Limit : Rs. 250.00 lacs [Rupees Two Hundred & Fifty Lacs-
Renewal of existing limit

3) Margin : 25% (Against stock of raw material and finished goods)

33.33%(Against work in progress)

4) Interest : BPLR+0.75%-0.50% (concession in terms of H.O.

circular no. 282/06/2008-09 dated 18.12.08) i.e. at present
12.75% p.a. presently, subject to change in BPLR from
time to time. The concessional interest of 0.50% is at the
sole discretion of the Bank and may be withdrawn at any
point without notice.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS:-

1. Our usual documents to be executed by the firm and all the partners/proprietor in
their personal capacity. In the case of limits companies, documents are to be
executed under the common seal of the company backed by proper resolution.
2. Our advance to be guaranteed by the partners Viz. Shri Vikas Nagpal and Smt.
Anjana Nagpal in their personal capacity alongwith Shri D.L.Nagpaland, and Shri
Prem Nagpal

3. All the assets charged to the Bank to be fully insured against fire, theft, burglary,
SRCC, breakdown of machinery with bank clause.
4. The unit/company to submit stock statement and monthly selected operational
data (MSOD) every month.
5. The unit/company to submit QIS/FFR statement regularly.
6. Our advance is restricted to manufacturing/trading activities.

54
7. Interest/Commisison rates are subject to revision as per RBI/HO
guidelines or as decided by consortium.
8. Process fee and Supervision Charges to be recovered as per HO guidelines.
9. Branch to ensure that there are no inter-firm transfer of funds except for genuine
sales transactions.
10. Bank will have a right to examine all the times firm's/company's books of accounts,
assets etc. and have the company's workings and operations examined from time
to time by the officers of the bank/or technical experts and/or management
consultancy and fees to be borne by the firm/company.
11. Bank may charge penal rate of interest over and above the rate applicable under
the following circumstances:-
a) delay in submission of stock statement, MSOD, QIS statement.
b) delay in submission of renewal papers.

12. Guidelines issued by HO/RA from time to time are to be strictly adhered to.
13. The borrower be informed of the terms and conditions of sanction and the
confirmation be obtained to the effect thereof in writing.
14. Date of reconsideration - one year after sanction.

_____________________________________________________________________

SENIOR MANAGER

4.5 Summery of Findings:-

From the above analysis, it is found how a credit limit has been appraised to a

borrower. Starting from the loan application from the borrower till the

disbursement of the loan and after it the close monitoring till the adjustment of

the bank’s loan.

The procedure which is to be followed to sanction a loan in an SME department

is somewhat lengthy process, but it is the best method to sanction a loan as it

goes as a parallel to the safe side of the bank as in case of the borrower’s

default or inability to repay the loan.

55
 CHAPTER-5 SUMMERY AND CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Summery of Learning Experience:-

The summery just states that it was a great experience to join a Nationalized

Bank for training and learning things. I learnt a lot in the Credit Department

(SME) of Dena Bank. Here I worked on many appraisals, which are beyond the

scope of this project. The new day in the premises of the bank was started with

a new project report in the hands. After reading carefully the whole project

report, I had to make proposals on a format of crediting appraisal of the bank.

Various proposals were look after by me. After making the proposals, I handed

over all the work done to my senior. He used to make necessary corrections in

the work done and hence it was an opportunity for me to learn more and more.

Even for more learning, my senior gave me an opportunity to attend a “Credit

Committee-Meeting” held by other persons of the bank to clear the doubts

about a particular proposal.

Hence the whole experience of working in such a place was amazing. I leant

here to a great extant about the whole procedures to sanction a limit to the

different different borrowers.

56
5.2 Conclusions and Recommendations:-

Conclusions:-

The project gives the detailed knowledge of the whole process of sanction a

limit which Dena Bank performs.

Starting from the loan application from the borrower and compilation of

Confidential Reports on him and the guarantor, the process continues till the

disbursement of loan and after it the close monitoring till the adjustments of

Bank’s Loan.

The project was an attempt to understand and perform the work in the credit

transaction and the credit appraisal which I had included in this project is just an

example of it.

I had worked on many such appraisals, which are beyond the scope of this

project. Hence the whole experience of working in such a Nationalized Bank

was amazing. I found lots of things to learn and understand here. Hence to

conclude, I just state that it was a great job done in a Nationalized Bank with the

experienced employees.

57
Recommendations:-

The bank is well doing in its field and having good reputation in Domestic as

well as International Market. There are some of the recommendations that I

would like to suggest to the Bank: These are:

 The head office, regional office and the branches should work on EDI

(Electronic Data Interchange), since transaction of letters between these

offices is still manual which lead to repetition of work as well as wastage

of time.

 Dena Bank is too conservative in its dealing and hence people are

attracted towards private sector banks. Thus an Aggressive Marketing is

recommended to the Bank.

 Dena bank should also appoint Customer Relation Officer so as to solve

various problems of customers which will help in retaining the customers.

 There is also lack in the initiation of officers. The officers should take

initiative to work with new changes.

58
 APPENDIX

A) Credit Rating:-

Definition of Credit Risk:- Credit Risk is the risk of default by borrower due to

inability or unwillingness to repay his debts in accordance with the agreed terms

and conditions.

Need for Credit Risk Management:-

 The liberalization of the Indian Economy has brought about sweeping

changes in the economic environment. Changes in the economic

environment have induced new anticipated and unforeseen risks in

lending. The assessment of these risks is essential to facilitate prudent

credit decisions.

 The terms and conditions of loans and advances sanctioned to

borrowers determine the profit that accrues to the bank from that loan. If

the terms are decided without proper assessment of the credit risk, the

bank might be charging low interest rates from poor quality customers

thereby sustaining losses due to default and charging high rates from

good quality customers thereby driving them away to other banks.

59
Credit Risk Rating:- Credit risk rating is a rating assigned to borrowers,

based on an analysis of their ability and willingness to repay the debt taken

from the bank. This rating is assigned on a scale, which generally have 6-8

levels. Companies falling in the same credit risk category have similar

probability of default. Better the rating, lower is the probability of default. The

probability of default increases in an exponential manner as the credit risk

rating deteriorates.

Uses of Credit Risk Rating:-

Whether to lend to a borrower or not:- The credit risk rating of a

borrower determines the appetite of the bank in determining exposure

level. A bank would be willing to lend to highly rated borrowers but

would not like to exposure to borrowers with very poor credit rating.

Pricing:- The risk premium to be charged to a borrower should be

determined by its credit risk rating. Borrowers with poor credit rating

should be priced high and vice-versa.

Risk Mitigates:- The extent of collateral security required and need

to step up margin requirement are linked to credit risk rating of a

borrower. The higher the risk category, the greater should be the

value of collateral and margins.

Assessment of Credit Risk Rating:-

Credit risk rating tools involve analysis of a company on various

parameters such as financials, industry characteristics, business

60
 performance, management quality etc. different scales

can be used and the above parameters can be combined with the

appropriate weightages to arrive at a final score. The credibility of credit

risk rating to a large extent depends on the skills of the persons using the

rating tools and his integrity in using the model equitable for all concerns.

B) Summery Definitions of Ratios:-

1. Current Ratio:-

Current Assets
Current Liability

Current Assets= cash and bank balances+ investment in Government

securities+ sundry debtors+ bills discounted+ inventories+ loans and
advances+ advance payment of tax+ pre-paid expenses+ other current assets.

Current Liabilities= short term bank borrowings+ commercial paper+ loan from
corporate bodies+ bills discounted+ sundry creditors+ unmatured financial
charges+ advance against work in progress+ other current liabilities.

2. Debt Equity Ratio:-

Debt
Equity
Debt= total borrowings+ preference capital- short term bank borrowing-
commercial paper- loans from corporate bodies.

Equity= Tangible net worth.

3. Interest Coverage Ratio:-

EBIDT
Total Interest

61
EBIDT (Earning before interest, depreciation and tax) = profit
before depreciation, interest and tax+ extra ordinary expenses- extra ordinary
income.

Total Interest= Gross interest+ interest capitalized.

List of Tables

S. No. Table No. Table Title Page No.

1. 1. Different bank Parameters 23

2. 2. Dena Bank- Key Data 24

62
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Various internal circulations issued by bank from time to time.

 Various sites such as

 www.denabankindia.com

 www.sebi.gov.in

 www.moneycontrol.com

 www.pnbindia.com

 www.bobindia.com

63