18 1528 ( Part 17) : 1993 ISO 8895 : 1986 area ara gourag arafuat & aaa at at site stan Ther eat amt 17) defra senate sortag seata FT faaren AiaTH ATs HTAT Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS PART 17 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF SHAPED INSULATING REFRACTORY PRODUCTS. UDC 666°76 : 620173 © Bis 1993 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 1993 Price Group 1Refractory Sectional Committee, MTD 15 and Methods of Tests of Refrectorios Subcommittee, MTD 15: NATIONAL FOREWORD This Indian Standard which is identical with ISO 8895 : 1986 ‘Shaped insulating refractory products — Determination of cold crushing strength’, issued by tho International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommen dations of Refractory Sectional Committee (MTD 15) and approval of the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. The toxt of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publicstion as Indian Standard without deviations. Certain terminology and _convontions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following: a) Wherever the words ‘ISO 8895° appear referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘IS 1528 (PT 17)’, b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point (..) as the decimal marker. In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the edition indicated: Intemational Standard Indian Standard Degree of Correspondence ISO/R 836 Vocabulary for the 1S 404: 1987 Glossary of terms rela- Technically refractory industry ting to refractory materials equivalent 1S0 6022 Shaped refractory 18.1528 (Part 7) Methods of sampling Technically products — Sampling and and. physicel_tests for refractory equivalent acceptance testing materials: Part 7 Methods of sampling and criterie for conformity For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall bo rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.1S 1528 ( Part 17) : 1993 ISO 8895 : 1986 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS PART 17 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF SHAPED INSULATING REFRACTORY PRODUCTS 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies a method of determina- tion of the cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refrac- tory products. 2 References 1SO/R 836, Vocabulary for the refractories industry. 180 5022, Shaped refractory products — Sampling and accep- tance testing. 3. Definitions 3.1. cold crushing strength : The ultimate load per unit ‘area, at room temperature, that @ refractory will withstand before itis crushed.” 3.2 shaped insulating product : A product having a true porosity of not less than 45 % (V/V). 4 Principle ‘At ambient temperature, a test piece of specified dimensions is ‘subjected in a comprossion test machine to a load increasing at 2 specified rate until either the test piece collapses or its height, is reduced to 90 % of its original value. The cold crushing strength is calculated from the maximum force recorded, and the dimensions of the test piece. 5 Apparatus 5.1. Mechanical or hydraulic crushing strength machine that will enable the load to be increased progressively and smoothly, and with’a system of measurement that will enable the force exerted on the test piace to be knows within + 2%. The range of the machine shall be such that the maxi- «coum force exerted inthe testis greater than 10 9% of the maxi ‘mum force of which the machine is capable. One of the platens Cf the machine shall be mounted on a spherical seating that will ‘compensate for any small error of parallelism between the face ‘of the test piece and the platen. The platens of the machine shall be ground and the lower one shell be marked so as to facilitate placing the test piece at its centre. 6.2 Micrometer, or other suitable instrument, to measure the deformation of the test piece. 5.3. Equipment to measure the size of each test piece and to verify its geometrical form. 8.4 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at 10 + 5°C. 6.1 The number of items to be tested (i.e. bricks or blocks) shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5022 or another standard sampling plan agreed between the interested partis. 6.2 It shall be sufficient to take one test piece from each brick (oF block of standard size. NOTE — The number to be taken from larger blocks (which detail is outside the scope ofthis International Standard) is @ matter fr agree ment betwoen the interested partes, To focitate further staistica! {valuation, the same number of test pieces ehouid be taken from each block. 6.3 Each test piece shall be nominally the size of haif a stan dard brick, ie. : 114 mem x 114 mm » 76 mm 114 mm x 114 mm x 64 mm 6.4 In the case of special shapes, the test pieces shall be cut, dry, to one of the sizes specitied in 6.3. NOTE ~ If possible, the test report should dicate the relationsnp of the direction of loading to the ditection of pressing during manufac 6.5 The load-bearing faces of each test piece shall be tat within a tolerance of 0,25 mm. This condition shall be checked ‘across both diagonals of each load-bearing face with a stool tule and a 0,25 mm feeler gauge. 11” This defntion is taken from 1SO/R 696, omiting the specifi temperature (0 °C) given in that ISO Recommendation1S 1828 ( Part 17) : 1993 ISO 8895 : 1986 6.6 The load-bearing faces of each test piace shall be parallel within a tolerance of 1 mm. This condition shall be checked by making four measurements of the height of the test piece, one at the centre of each of its four sides; the measurements shall ‘not differ among themselves by more than 1 mm. 6.7. The axis of each test piece shall be perpendicular to its base within a tolerance of 1 mm. This condition shall be check- ed by placing the test piece on a surface table or surface plate and presenting a set square to the centre of each of its four sides; any gap between the set square and the side of the test piece shall not exceed 1 mm, 7 Procedure 7.1 Measure the length and breadth of each load-bearing {ace of the test piece, and its height at the centre of each ofits {our sides, in each case to the nearest 0,5 mm. 7.2. Dry the test piece to constant mass in the oven (5.4), controlled at 110 + 5°C, cooling it each time away from moisture. 7.3 Place the test piece on one of its larger faces (114 mm, x 114 mm) in the centre of the lower platen of the testing machine (6.1). No packing material shall be used be- ‘ween the test piece and the platens. Mount the measuring in- strument (5.2) on the lower platen to measure the deformation ‘occurring in the test piece. 7.4. Gradually and continuously increase the load at such a rate that al if the expected cold crushing strength is less than 10 N/mm2, the rate of increase of stress in the test piece is 0,05 + 10% N/(mm2.s); if the expected cold crushing strength is equal to or ‘greater than 10 N/mm2, the rate of increase of stress in the test piece is 0,2 + 10 % N/imm2.s).. 7.8. Continue increasing the load at the rate given in 7.4 until either the test piece collapses (fils to support the load) or its hheight is reduced to 90 % of its original height. Record the ‘maximum load indicated during the test. 8 Expression of results 8.1 The cold crushing strength is given, in newtons per ‘square milimetre, by the formula Fax tb where Fax is the maximum load, in newtons, indicated during the test; 1. is the mean of the four measurements of the length, milimetres, of the test piace; ‘bis the mean of the four measurements of the breadth, in tilimetres, of the test piece. 8.2 _The cold crushing strength shall be expressed in newtons per square milimetre, to the nearest 0,1 N/mm?, NOTE — The SI unit for cnshing strength is the newion per square ‘metre, but the newton per square milmetre has been chosen for prac- ‘eal razon. 9 Test report ‘The test report shall include the following information : ) the testing establishment; the date of the test; ©). a reference to this International Standard, i.e. “Deter- mination of cold crushing strength in accordance with 1S0 6395” 4d) the designation of the material tested (manufacturer, size, quality, etc.) @) the number of items tested (see 6.1 {1 the number of test pieces cut from each item, if more than one (see 6. @) the size of the test pieces (see 6.3); 1h) where possible, the relationship between the direction Of loading and the direction of pressing during manufacture (see, for example, 6.4); | the rate of stress increase (see 7.4); i) whether the test was terminated by the collapse of the test piece or on the deformation reaching 10 % (see 7.5); 1) the individual value of the crushing strength (e2e 8.1) for each test piace and, if appropriate (see 6.2), the median ‘and mean value for each item tested. 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