Exigible Ingles UAP

UNIVERSIDAD
ALAS PERUANAS
“AÑO DE LA UNIVERSALIZACIÓN DE LA SALUD”
FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIA POLÍTICA

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE DERECHO
CURSO
INGLES II
PERÚ
2020
UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE DERECHO Y CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS
“Año de la Universalización de la Salud”
DOSSIER
1. Arbitratition award: it is the decisión of the arbitrators on those issues that

have been submitted with the arbitration commitment, the same axecutive
forcé same executive forcé of a judicial resolution.
2. Appointment: The mention of law, doctrine, authority or any other alleged
instrument to prove what has been said or referred.
Example: manifestation that in the summary of a criminal case the witnesses,
or the accused, of some people make.
3. Assignment: Legal, voluntary and free act, aimed at the transfer of goods or
rights from one owner to another.

4.
Agree: Agree with a person regarding an opinión, decisión, etc., expressed by
that person.
Example: the defendant and plaintiff's attorney agree that their sponsored if
they have a contract.
5.
Appear: Present a person before another or before a judge or before an
authority.
Example: Gabriel is subpoenaed to testify as a witness.
6.
Accomplice: Person who helps to commit a crime or fault, despite not being
an author, the accomplice is equally responsible for the crime or fault.
Example: José helped the auto parts thief flee.
7.
Act of God: An event, usually harmful, that occurs unexpectedly.
8. Example: my house was destroyed by the earthquake.
Accomplice: He who without being an author, nevertheless cooperates in the

commission of a crime by previous or simultaneous acts.
Example: a subject would commit a crime of which he agrees with another his
participation to commit it.
9. Adjacent: Adjoining buildings or fields are said to touch each other. Example
the boundaries of an agricultural land.
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10. Achievement: who preserves or acquires fruits to sell them at a very high price.
Example: interest earned by the logger.
11. Abstention: It is the obligation that a judge or magistrate has by his own initiative to
inhibit himself in the knowledge of a litigation to understand that he lacks impartiality
to judge.
Example, the superior court judge is inhibited because the specific case is part of his
relatives.
12. Acquitted: (Criminal Law) Accused that the Judge declares innocent of the charges
and therefore of criminal sanction,
Example, Mr. Rafael is released after the crime of rape was not proven
13. Actuator: The one that appears before the Judicial Power to exercise the action.
Example: person who has been violated the right to receive compensation for
damages.
14. Appear: Present a person before another or before a judge or before an authority.
Example: Angel is subpoenaed to testify as a witness.
15. Adjacent: Adjoining buildings or fields are said to touch each other. Example: the
boundaries of an agricultural land.
16. Appraiser: Person empowered to assess or gradúate the price of a good. Proficient.
Example: the counter.
17. Apprehension: Arrest or capture of a person or thing, especially of ¡Ilegal
merchandise.
Example, the pólice have confirmed the news of the apprehension of a gang of
crimináis.
18. Arbitration: Informal adjudicative process in which a third person (neutral intervener)
receives the evidence presented by the parties to the conflict and based on said
evidence issues a decisión.
Example: when Perú filed against Chile a lawsuit before the Aya Court on the
maritime
border.
19. Assume: Attribute, appropriate jurisdiction, powers, etc.
Example: to appropriate an account balance without being entitled to it.
20. Apud minutes: Judicial actions that are recorded by an act attached to the procedure
in question (a very frequent example will be the empowerment of the attorney through
the appearance of the interested party before the judicial secretary).
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m UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS
‘‘Año de la Universalización de la Salud"
21. Allegation: Declaration or affirmation of a party in an action, made in the demand or

in the answer to the demand, in which said party establishes what it is trying to prove,
example when I make the demand for breach of a sales contract, I expose the
fundamentáis of fact and right.
22. Admission: Permission to enter a State. A foreigner is “admitted” if she goes through
a border control post (by air, land or sea) with the authorization of the border
authorities.
Example when a certain person goes through a border control with their passports or
identification fulfilling the requirements,. they will be admitted.
23. Asylum: It is the protection that the State grants in its territory to the foreigner
considered persecuted for political reasons or crimes and whose freedom or life is in
danger.
Example former President Alan García is lodged in the Uruguayan embassy in Perú
for political questions.
24. Abolish.: To annul a precept to Law, example to law 28677 was annulled for lacking
effectiveness in our times.
25. Abolitionism: This voice refers to the doctrinal position that, in legal or social matters,
fights for the repeal of laws or customs that are considered as attacks against human
or moral principies.
26. Amnesty: Provisión with legal forcé by which crimes committed are condoned and all
or a specific group of prisoners are released.
Example: when the president of the republic gives benefits to prisoners for health
reasons.
27. Appeal: (Procedural Law) Appeal that is filed to challenge a resolution, order or
sentence, before a higher instance requesting that it be revoked or annulled,
paralyzing
the entry into forcé of the forcé of the law.
Example: when you do not agree to the sentence you raise the hierarchical superior
for a new review.
28. Attempt: When the culprit begins the execution of the crime directly by external facts
and does not carry out the acts of execution to commit a crime, by cause or accident
that is not his own and voluntary withdrawal.
29. Adjudicative view: It is for a minor, in the Juvenile Justice System, what is a trial for
an adult in the Criminal Justice System.
Exampl: the minor, however, does not enjoy the right to bail or to a jury trial.
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30. Appeal resource: It is said that the appeal is filed before the hierarchical superior of
the body that issued the resolution that is being challenged.
Example: the appeal.
31. Appeal for amparo: Constitutional remedy that can be brought by anyone who sees
their fundamental rights and freedoms, contained in the Magna Carta, violated.
32. Appeal: Ordinary and devolutive appeal, which is filed before the High Court of the
body that issued the appealed resolution.
33. Appeal: It is said of the appeal that is filed before the Supreme Court, in order to
challenge final rulings or awards, in which laws or legal doctrine are considerad to
have
been violated, or because any essential guarantee of the procedure is deemed to
have
been violated.
34. Auction: Last bid in an auction which, because it is the largest bid, is the one to which
the auctioned property is awarded.
Example the seized bins are spilled matter due to the non-constitution of the owner.
35. Attorney: Legal professional who, by virtue of empowerment, and exclusively in each
litigation, represents his clients before the Courts and Tribunals.
Example: person who assumes the legal defense of the municipality.
36. Accused: Person charged with a crime against whom an accusation has been filed.
While the accusation has not been presented, he should be called the accused.
Example: politician who committed punishable actions in the penal code that is
sanctioned with 8 years of effective prison.
37. Adoption: Legal act that creates between the adopter and the adopted a relationship
of civil kinship from which relations analogous to those resulting from legitímate
paternity and affiliation are derived;
Example: To an orphaned nephew who for reasons has no more relatives, give your
last ñame and take cara of him.
38. Affinity: Relationship of kinship that through marriage is established between each
spouse with the blood relatives of the other; For example, my wife's sister is my
second
degree of kinship.
39. Aggression: Any person who illegally, by any means orform, caused anotheran injury
to their bodily integrity.
Example: I hit my co-worker with a wood.
40. Ab ¡rato: Loe. Lat that is used in Spanish as a synonym for adverbs heatedly,
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41. Abjuration: Solemn and swom retraction of the error that has been made. Abjuration,
in Canon Law, is the oath by which a heretic renounces his errors and makes a
profession of Catholic faith.
42. Abbey: Monastery, property and income of a religious community whose supreme
authority is an abbot or abbess.
43. Abduction: Abduction of an individual, whatever the means (eg fraud, violence or
persuasión) used to carry it out.
44. Abintestate: Judicial procedure whose purpose is the declaration of who are the heirs
of the person who died without testing and the allocation to them of the assets of the
inheritance.
45. Abbatial: from the injured party. In such cases, the trial is held without public
assistance; that is, without opening the doors of the audience room.
Example: is imposed ex officio in cases that affect the security of the State.
46. Allegation: Argument, speech, etc., for or against someone or something. Written
document in which the lawyer sets forth the reasons that serve as the basis of his
client's right and challenges those of the adversary.
Example: this Prosecutor's Office will demónstrate that the active subject was at the
scene of the events at the time they occurred.
47. Actions: Titles representative of the participation of a natural or legal person in the
capital of a Corporation. Aliquot part of the capital stock of a company.
Example: grant certain rights to their owners, among others, right to part of the
benefits.
48. Apology: Support, applaud the crimes and their authors before a large number of
people, by any means of dissemination. (TV; radio; newspaper...).
Example: of terrorism campaigns.
49. Association: Set of people who get together to do things in common and for the same
purpose.
Example: the association of merchants of marine products.
50. Absence: Procedural situation of a party that does not appear at trial.
Example: rebellion.
51. Acquire: To increase a patrimony, by means of the legal incorporation to the same of
goods or rights that until the moment of incorporation belonged to another or lacked
an owner.
Example: the purchase of a movable asset.
52. Ad solemnitatem: Nature of the formalities required in the performance of a legal act
for its validity.
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Example when a contract is carried out that is a solemn act.

53. Adjacent: Adjoining buildings or fields are said to touch each other.
Example: the boundaries of an agricultural land.
54. Appear: Present a person before another or before a judge or before an authority.
Example: Gabriel is subpoenaed to testify as a witness.
55. Absenteeism: Trend, custom of the owners that leads them to live far from where
their
goods are located.
Example: applies to landowners residing in cities, for greater comfort or for more
personal guarantee in turbulent times.
56. Accession: A way of acquiring the accessory because the main thing belongs to us;
or, the right that the property of a movable or immovable thing gives the owner of it,
especially when it produces, or on what is ancillary to it by the work of nature or by
the
hand of man, or for both causes at the same time .
57. Adventitious: It is commonly said of what he acquires by his industry, by collateral
succession, by the liberality of a stranger or by any other cause other than the
paternal,
which is called prophecy.
58. Advocatus: Voice lat. Lawyer. In the early Román procedure it was the person who
concurred with the plaintiff or the defendant and discussed the matter of fact before
the judge; since the controversy of Law itself was usually consulted with a
jurisconsult.
59. Agnación: In Román Law kinship was thus called by consanguinity between
agnatetes; that is, among the male descendants of the same father, and subject to
the
power of the pater families.
Example: a kind of civil relationship, as opposed to natural.
60. Alias: Otherwise, by another ñame. Nickname or designation by ñame other than
your
own.
Example: is very frequent among thugs, crimináis and habitual crimináis.
61. Ambiguity: This allows various interpretations and can lead to doubt, uncertainty or
confusión.
Example: that, the laws should be drafted clearly, to prevent difficulties in the way of
interpreting them.
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64. Avocar: Attract or cali to itself a judge or superior court, without provocation or
appeal,
the case that is being litigated or that must be litigated before another inferior.
Example: appointing a judge to support any claim.
65. Acceptilatio: Form of extinction of verbal obligations in Román Law. In this sense it
was a consequence of the legal principie of contrarius actus; Thus, when an
obligation
was contracted by the verbal and solemn declaration of the debtor, it could be
dissolved by the declaration of the creditor, covered by the same requirements.
66. Antichresis: Contract by which the creditor acquires the right to own the fruits of the
property that is delivered to him, with the obligation to impute them to the interests, if
they are owed, and then to the capital of the credit.
Example: the fruit of a good that I contract.
67. Attorney: Who represents a natural or legal person by virtue of a power granted with
the formalities of law.
Example: the president with enough power to represent his Client in court.
68. Absenteeism: Trend, custom of the owners that leads them to live far from where
their
goods are located.
Example applies to landowners residing in cities, for greater comfort or for more
personal guarantee in turbulent times.
69. Accession: A way of acquiring the accessory because the main thing belongs to us;
or, the right that the property of a movable or immovable thing gives the owner of it,
especially when it produces, or on what is ancillary to it by the work of nature or by
the
hand of man, or for both causes at the same time.
70. Award: Declaration that something specific belongs to a person.
Example the delivery or application that, in inheritances and partitions, or in public
auctions, is usually made of a movable or immovable thing.
71. Adventitious: It is commonly said of what he acquires by his industry, by collateral
succession, by the liberality of a stranger or by any other cause other than the
paternal,
which is called prophecy.
72. Abintestate: Without will. Procedure on the inheritance and adjudication of the
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74. Barge: barges are regulated by port legislation and submitted to the
corresponding maritime and river authorities.
Example: The barge arrived at the port this morning.
75. Bidding: method of conclusión of adminstration contracts.
76. Breathalyzer: Presence of alcohol in the blood, especially when it exceeds normal.
Example: Gabriel was driving his vehicle and is being held for being drunk.
77. Both effects. In terms of appeal, when both effects are said, reference is made to the
fact that the appeal filed not only produces the referral of the proceedings to the
superior judge, but also suspends the execution of the decisión.
Example: gives the retum and suspensive effect.
78. Bonus: Gift that is made for Christmas Easter. The Federal Labor Law establishes
that workers will be entitled to an annual bonus that must be paid before December
twenty, equivalent to fifteen days of salary, at least.
79. Beneficiary: In insurance, the person designated in the policy to receive the amount
of the policy upon the death of the insured.
Example: the balance of insurance that is delivered to your heirs.
80. Bandit: Fugitive from justice called by side. This is the ñame given to the malefactor,
outlaw, bandit, highway robber, gang robber and, mainly, the criminal in deserted
areas.
Example: those with a current requirement.
81. Bicameral: Parliamentary system and general political organization of a people that
establishes the duality of chambers for the exercise of the legislative power;
generally,
one of deputies, chosen by direct popular suffrage.
82. Bona maternal: Loe. Lat. Maternal goods.
Examples: inherited from the mother by a son or daughter of the family.
83. Bureaucracy: Social class formed by public employees. Excessive or abusive
influence that these, by their number or by their performance.
Example: in the Public Administration and that affeets the prívate activities.
84. Binubo: From Latín bis, twice, and cloud, to marry; that is, the person who has
contracted second nuptials.
Example: after divorce they marry a distant person a second time.
85. Bureaucratic: Relating to bureaucracy. The word is almost always used in a
derogatory sense: of officialdom, of paperwork, of slow, routine and even superfluous
Processing.
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Example: cali it to politicians.

86. Busse: Institution proper to the oíd Germán law consisting of the sum of money that
the victim of a crime could, in certain situations, claim from the offender.
87. Boalar: Right to graze cattle on communal land.
Example: the pasture or land subject to this grazing.
88. Bilateral: It involves two States ortwo parties.
Example: the mutual contract.
89. Band: Organized criminal group, acting in concertand regularly for criminal purposes.
It constitutes an aggravating circumstance of the perpetuated crime.
Example: the white necks of the port.
90. Bonus: (Retirement Law) Additional paymentto the current salary in an incentive plan
for assistance or for certain types of work.
Example: for Christmas parties the worker receives an additional amountfor his work.
91. Banking: Trade that mainly consists of money order, exchange and discount
operations, opening credits and keeping current accounts and buying and selling
public bilis, especially in commission.
92. Bigamy: Crime against the family. It is typified by someone who, being bound by a
valid marriage, contracts anotherorwho, being free, marries a validly married person.
Example: marriage with more than one person.
93. Bill of rights: This fundamental norm of the English constitutional order means in
Spanish "Declaration of rights".
Example: Fundamental rights.
94. Buy and sell: Contract by which one person is obliged to deliver a certain thing and
the other to pay a price for it.
95. Bribe. Bribing or corrupting with gifts the judge, another person who intervenes in a
trial or any public official to proceed or resolve against law and justice.
Example: pay the judge so that the sentence is in your favor.
96. Bribery: The bribery, seduction, or corruption of a judge or public official to do what is
requested, even if it is not against justice.
Example: a crime of bribing an authority.
97. Buy and sell: This second denomination, even though it is used in the Civil Codes of
Argentina and Spain, is rapidly falling into disuse.
98. Bond: Ancillary obligation that one contracts for the security that another will pay what
he owes or will fulfill what he was obliged to take upon himself.
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99. Be unable: Person who does not have the capacity to do some things ¡f ¡t ¡s not with
the authorization of another person.
Example: person who suffers some mental disorders.
100. Bachelor - Bachelor: Person who has obtained in a faculty the degree that
enables him to exercise his profession.
Example: treatment that is given to lawyers, pharmacists, etc.
101. Bad faith: Acting with intent to harm against the rules in good faith. / Disloyalty.
/ Conviction that they do not act according to law.
Example: misinforming the agreements to later benefitfrom the penalties.
102. Bill: Account or invoice for a lawyer's or attomey's tees in a proceeding.
Example: the payment slip.
103. Blackberry: Procrastination or delay in fulfilling an obligation.
104. Born: For legal purposes, a fetus is considerad to have been born only when it
has become completely detached from the mother's womb and lives at least an
instant.
The pulmonary docimasia test is relevant to verify the existence of air in the lungs.
105. Benefit: Thing or Service required by an authority or agreed in a pact. Rent,
tribute or Service payable to the employer, the owner or any entity.
Example: Services that arise from a contract such as the internet.
106. Broken: Merchant who ceases to pay his current obligations due to bankruptcy
or insolvency, declarad at his own request or that of his creditors.
107. Breakdown: Breaking, violating or breaking a rule.
Example: Jorge comes out on a curfew.
108. Breach of sentence: Crime that consists of evading or trying to evade the
fulfillment of the sentence imposed for a crime or misdemeanor committed.
Example: Jesús does not go to their respective signatura findings for a suspended
sentence.
109. Break in form: When the fundamental procedures and guarantees of the
judicial procedure are breached. It constitutes an appeal.
Example: due process has been violated.
110. Bankruptcy: Insolvency, bankruptcy. Process by which someone is
incapacitated by assets due to their insolvency situation and proceeds to execute
their
assets in favor of their creditors.
Example: a company accepts this check and settles its capital in favor of its
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111. Body separation: (Civil Law) Interruption of fact or law, of the duty of bed
between the spouses. It is a primary measure in a divorce suit.
112. Bidder: regarding bidding there is talk of bidder, didder and bidder.
113. Bargain: Appreciable thing that is acquired at little cost or with little
work.
Example: yesterday I worked little and they paid me a lot, that work was a
bargain.
114. Boundaries: limits to which the forma superficially extends.
115. Buy and sell: Contract by which one person is obliged to deliver a
certain thing and the other to pay a price for it.
116. Blunt injuries: when the cut has been made with low edged weapon,
the contusive charcteristics of the wound edges are better adserved.
117. Cancellation: Cancellation of a public instrument, of a registry entry, of
an obligation.
Example: the penalty is canceled.
118. Chancellery: In International Law, it designates the office in charge of
the drafting of diplomatic documents in each country.
Examples: ependencia, in embassies, legations and consulates.
119. Caution: Caution, caution. Warranty. Security.
Example: the mortgage guarantee.
120. Causeholder: Synonymous of right holder; it is said of the holder of
rights that come from another person, called the cause or author.
121. Census taker: The census taker or holder of the right to receive a
census fee. It is an Aragonese word.
Example: the state's suicides due to contamination of their lands by the mining
company.
122. Certification: Evidence or document justifying the truth of any writing,
act or fact. Act by which a person attests to something that is known to him.
Example: action of certifying a letter.
123. Crime: Act of committing a crime.
Example: In this neighborhood you can no longer go outside, crime dominates
every corner.
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124. Citizenship: Quality of Citizen of a State: political (and therefore legal)

link that unites an individual (never a legal person) with the state organization.
Example: the exercise of law by the community.
125. Civil: It is said of the dispositions that emanate from the lay authorities,
unlike the ecclesiastical ones. Of the power of the State over the citizens, in
opposition to the power of the Church over the believers.
126. Civilist: Jurisconsult of recognized merit and competence in the study
of Civil Law, and also of Roman Law. Lawyer specialized in matters of civil
jurisdiction. Example: the lawyer specialized in civil matters.
127. Coercion: Force or violence that is done to a person to force him to say
or execute something.
Example torture.
128. Condueño: Person who owns a thing, together with another or another
example, the heirs of a house.
129. Codeudor.: The debtor, with another or others, of the same obligation.
Example: in community loans any of them is required to answer for the
obligation.
130. Codicil: Disposition of last will, made before or after the will, and with
less solemnity than this, either for secondary instructions or in order to add,
remove or clarify something regarding that document, or to annul it.
131. Citation: Call before a judicial or fiscal body to carry out an investigation.
Example notifications.
132. Coercion: Force another, under violence or intimidation, to do what he
does not want to do.
Example: the employer takes advantage of his position to order work outside
the established hours.
133. Code: It can mean several things, but is often used to define a set of
written rules or laws.
Example: the civil, criminal code.
134. Commission (of crime): Act carried out by a person, which is contrary
to what the Penal Law says. It can be done by action or omission.
Example: the act of rape.
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135. Clause: Each of the provisions of a contract, treaty, will or any other
similar document, public or prívate.
Example the conditions and rules of the contract or legal act.
136. Contempt: Ignorance, injury, lack of consideraron and respect, against
public authorities, in the exercise of their responsibilities.
Example: the person who offends, threatens or ¡nsults a public official, injuring
the dignity of his function.
137. Compensation: Give something or do something to repair the damage
or harm that has been caused.
Example: I pay a thousand soles for damaging my neighbor's vehicle.
138. Civil office.- Government position; public position that involves
remuneraron. Example: the public servant or mayors.
139. Cause: In the succession law, the deceased is the deceased person in
relation to the heirs and legatees.
Example: the testator or whoever is writing the statement.
140. Cadastre: Public Registry in which the assets owned by each neighbor
of the corresponding municipality are registered, according to their quantity and
quality, in order to serve as a basis to estímate their participaron in taxes or
contributions.
141. Caution: It is a guarantee that is established so that the accused in a
preliminary investigaron in a criminal process, can enjoy the benefit of
provisional freedom, as long as the crime or crimes imputed to him are not
those that, due to their severity, the law prohibits granting said benefit.
142. Collation: Fact of bringing to the estáte the assets that during his life the
deceased gave or to his heirs and that are reputed as advances of his
corresponding hereditary portion.
143. Conservator: Person designated to take care of the assets or
businesses of an incapable.
Example: Juan is appointed guardián to watch over Pedro's rights for being
unable.
144. Consortia: Associations between companies in order to carry out an
economic activity, without such companies losing their legal personality.
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145. Collegiate: Draw a conclusión by reasoning from a previous situation or

a general principie. Deduce, infer.
Example: the decisión of a case after analyzing.
146. Competition: Faculty of a court to understand in a case by reason of the
matter in question, the place where the cause of action aróse, the residence of
one of the parties.
147. Conato: Act or crime that was started, but that was never consummated.
Example: Outbreak of fire, theft, etc.
148. Consignment: It is the act by means of which the State, through the
Public Ministry, exercises the criminal action before the competent Judge, when
from the previous investigation it appears that the body of the crime and the
probable responsibility of the accused has been proven.
149. Conduct: The form and manner that one uses to conduct one's life or
actions. Example: the criminal conduct of the accused determines his act of
punishability.
150. Coilude: Said of two or more people agree to undertake some plan,
usually ¡Ilegal.
Example: agreement to oppose an eviction.
151. Confidence: In the pólice sphere, secret revelation, reserved news.
Example: the pólice and prosecutor proceedings.
152. Confrontation: Face one person with another. Compare or compare
one thing with another, in particular some documents and writings.
153. Conmínate: In law it is the stink of authority to require someone to fulfill
a mándate, under certain penalty or sanction.
Example: the summons of the accused.
154. Contentious: It involves a contentious action between opposing parties.
Differentiate from “ex parte case or voluntary jurisdiction”. However, an ex parte
case can become contentious if the other party with opposing claims or rights
intervenes.
155. Collegiate body: Set of magistrates or officials that make up an
organism with decision-making powers.
Example: the magistrates of the Constitutional Court.
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156. Conclusions: Summary made by the lawyer at the end of a process,

analyzing the evidence and testimonies that have taken place in it.
Example: doing this work was important because I learned more about the
meaning of legal terms.
157. Commerce: Profit activity consisting of intermediary directly or indirectly
between producers and consumers, in order to facilítate and promote the
circulation of wealth.
Example: when you go to a commercial house and buy a TV, for you it is
obviously not an act of commerce, it is a civil act, but nevertheless it is, for the
firm of the company that sold it to you.
158. Commute: Trocar, swapping one thing for another less severe, milder,
less severe, such as an obligation or a penalty.
159. Consanguineous: Tell yourself about the person who is related by blood
to another.
Example: Regarding siblings, it is said of those who are not double-bind but
only father.
160. Consolidation: Action and effect of gathering two or more related cases
in order to attend them together.
Example: to determine to consolídate is judicial.
161. Conspiracy: Action of two or more people who conspire or agree to
commit a crime and make precise plans regarding the actions of each, in time,
place or facts.
162. Constitution: Supreme law of a country. A set of fundamental rules that
govern the organizaron and relations of political powers and set the high
principies of public law of a nation.
Example: Magna Carta.
163. Criminal legality: there is no penalty without crime.
164. Dismissed: Person who having a job loses or renounces it.
165. Deminutium capitis: Loss of civil capacity in ancient Rome. It has also
received the ñames of capitis diminutio and capitis minutio. Capitis, of caput,
meant, in Rome, State.
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166. Decree: Decisión, resolution or determination of a ruler or an authority,

or a court or judge, any matter or business.
Example: they can be laws or actions that emanate from the executive power
and that are published without the legislative power intervening.
167. Degrade: Deprive of honors, hierarchies and prerogatives. |Legally
dishonoring someone who has been dishonored for their conduct. Sometimes
it only constitutes persecution of the constituted power. | Humiliate, debase. |
Dismiss, dismiss from employmen.
Example: I will never return to this program: I suffered a degradation that I did
not expect.
168. Degree: Hierarchy, category. Each of the different instances of a
lawsuit.
169. Debí legacy: the testator orders that his creditor receive a certain
patrimonial advantage.
170. Debí recognition legacy: the recognition of debt made in the will is
reputed as a legacy until proven otherwise.
171. Defamation: Attack on people's reputation. In Puerto Rico defamation
constitutes an offense against honor.
Example: I will not allow the defamation of my children through the media.
172. Detriment: Is a slight or partial destruction of something. The concept,
which comes from the Latin word detrimentum, also refers to the loss or loss of
interests and moral damage.
Example: Schools in poor condition contribute to the detriment of education
173. Damage: is the effect of damaging and is linked to the verb that refers
to causing harm, impairment, discomfort or pain.
Example: The bullet caused irreparable damage to the nerves in the left leg
174. Death: Natural or violent death of a person.
Example: The doctor confirmed the death of the patient at three in the afternoon
175. Delimitation: Determination of material or abstract limits.
Example: he delimitation of the border was a reason for conflict between both
countries.
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176. Delation: Reveal a secret, accusing in a reserved way those committed

to the plan or fact. Example: Reveal a secret of a person and harming him.
177. Deductions: Expenses caused not attributable to cost, normal and
necessary made in the country in order to produce enrichment. Example:
Contributions made for the country can produce enrichment.
178. Decertify: To cancel or annul a certification, as of a labor unión or of a
class in a class action.
179. Decisión: The written determination of a court or administrativo tribunal
disposing of motions or claims in a case or matter before it.
180. Cattle: Past participle of the verb to win (v.). Acquired, accomplished;
defeated, conquered. Adjective. It is said of who wins or gets, of who wins.
Example: what would it be like if Pedro had won the chess tournament?.
181. Declarant: A person who makes a verbal statement or signs a written
one.
Example: Juan makes a claim in court because his rights are being violated.
182. Dishonor: To refuse to pay a claim embodied in a written document,
such as a check or other negotiable instrument, when presented; to treat
disrespectfully an object considered to have a public or sacred nature, such as
a flag.
Example: José refuses to pay a claim incorporated in a written document from
Juan.
183. Dispararage: To make an untrue statement that harms the reputation of
another’s business or product.
Example: Lucas falsely declares that in the company he worked he suffered
psychological abuse from his boss, making him look bad.
184. Double international tax: When applied simultaneously in two or more
countries, to a person, taxes of a similar nature for the same taxable event and
for the same tax period.
185. Disinheritance: Probate provisión by which a person deprives his forced
heirs of the hereditary rights that correspond to them.
Example: I disinherited my son for not assisting in my State of health even
though he is a lawyer and knows my situation.
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186. Dispossession: (Civil Law) To deprive someone of the possession of a

thing, without a court order. Whoever dispossesses a property or piece of
furniture becomes a usurper. Who has been stripped, is legally assisted by the
right of restitution of their possession.
Example: They evict another person from the possession of their real property
such as houses and land, using violence or threats in most cases.
187. Diligence: Procedural acts in which the court clerk complies with the
judge's orders or orders. / Judicial action carried out by the court clerks.
Examplel have to go to a stagecoach with the teacher.
188. Divorce: Dissolution of the conjugal bond that returns the spouses to
singleness.
Example: Angel discovers that Micaela was unfaithful to him and asks him to
dissolve the marriage.
189. Discrimination: Action and effect of discriminating Discrimination is
making a distinction in treatment for arbitrary reasons such as racial origin, sex,
socioeconomic status, etc.
Example: A young Muslim man was victim of discrimination in a bar.
190. Donation: Contract by which a person, called a donor, discards a good
to transfer it free to another, called a donation.
191. Discharge: receiving a bachelor degree at a college
Example: he had no major probems getting the license
192. Discrimination: Action and effect of discriminating. Discrimination is
making a distinction in treatment for arbitrary reasons such as racial origin, sex,
socioeconomic status.
Example: A young Muslim man was a victim of discrimination in a bar.
193. Dummy letter: when two merchants, reciprocally, in their businesses,
render the serivces of drawing letters of favore againast each other.
194. Drawer: person who draws a bilí of exchange or a check.
Example: formula used in the letters or promissory notes to signify that the
drawer turns at his own order, and that he has in his possession the amount of
the delivery.
195. Dry law: prohibited the traffic and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
INGLES II 19
196. Eviction: Trial to compel a tenant to voluntarily leave the property they
occupy.
Example: For not meeting the lease payments.
197. Eviction: Eviction or release, action and effect of evicting someone;
dispossession of a possession or possession by judicial decree.
Example: the owner, real owner of a property, dismisses or launches the
occupant thereof, by just cause recognized by the law.
198. Emphyteusis - Enfiteusis: Perpetual or long-term transfer of the
useful domain of a property through the payment of an annual pension to the
session holder.
Example: The surviving spouse is entitled to the right of habitation in the
matrimonial home, where such tenement is held in full ownership or
emphyteusis by the deceased spouse either alone or jointly with the surviving
spouse.
199. Employment Contract: The employment contract is possibly the most
common contract. The employment contract contains an agreement that is
established between an employer and a worker.
Example: All workers shall receive a written contract of employment.
200. Economy Minister: It is one of the ministries considered strategic; in
some countries it is the body responsible for government finances and
economic policies, a responsibility that they sometimes share with Central
Banks.
Example: The Minister of Economy of Peru makes an introductory statement.
201. Encumbrance: Tax that is applied to a property, property or the flow
of a person.
Example: Information regarding any existing or planned material tangible fixed
assets, including leased properties, and any major encumbrances thereon.
202. Endowment: Thing that a person gives himself voluntarily and without
expecting any prize or reward, especially when it comes to something of
value.
Example: My husband and I want to make an endowment for orphaned
children
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203. Endowment Insurance: It is a form of inheritance in life, since it

guarantees the future of our loved ones, with the possibility of deciding when
you will obtain benefits, without being conditioned on the death of the insured.
204. Enforce, to - Cumplir (law): Do what determines an obligation, a law,
an order, a punishment, a commitment, a promise.
Example: Lawyers enforce the law
205. Enforcement: Action to comply or to be fulfilled.
Example: The lack of compliance in the VAT tax advises against any increase
in the tax burden that taxpayers bear
206. Enfrachise, to: Give [an authority or a person capable of doing it a
thing to someone who asks for it or wants it.
Example: some private organizations award scholarships
207. Effectiveness: For legal norms, validity
208. Engage a lawyer, to: Reaching a commercial agreement through
which one of the parties performs a service in exchange for money or other
compensation.
Example: The Company is starting to hire new flights
209. Enjoyment - Goce: Effect on the mood to enjoy and enjoy someone
or something.
Example: The human embryo has it before birth, in order to inherit, receive
legacies or some donation, it has the ability to enjoy but not exercise.
210. Enter into a contract, to: It consists of the agreement between two or
more parties, natural or legal persons, by virtue of which each of them agrees
to do or deliver something in exchange for the benefit they will receive from
the others.
Example: In order to enter into a contract on behalf of another person, the law
requires that a representative power of attorney has been previously
conferred on the representative.
211. Equal Protection of the Law: It is the principle that recognizes that all
people must be treated in the same way by law.
Example: Equality before the law means that there should be no
discrimination against a person. Everyone should be treated equally,
INGLES II 21
regardless of birthplace, sex, religión, race, caste, wealth, social status, etc.
For example, All people who commit a particular crime receive the same
punishment.
212. Equitable Remedies: The search for justice, in general, and social
justice, in particular, have been a matter of permanent concern, in the same
way that the theme of equity is occupying a place of relevance both in the
theoretical discussion about justice and in the realization of social policies.
Example: Free, equal and rational people, assuming the "veil of ignorance"
as a starting point, would come to define, in the founding letter of their
association
213. Equity: Quality that consists in giving each one what he deserves
based on his merits or conditions.
Example: Equity of access to education.
214. Error: ignorance of a legal rule regarding its contení, existence or
permanence in forcé for the case
Example: not knowing the norms that govern the parties' capacity to celébrate
the act or not knowing that accepting an inheritance in a puré and simple way
means being bound by the succession debts.
215. Escheat: When the law imposes on the State the obligation to fulfill the
burden that they possess on the inheritance, it only sanctions a principie of
equity: whoever benefits from the acquisition of an estáte must bear its
burdens.
Example: When there are no legitímate heirs, or if there are any, when they
renounce to receive the relict assets, or when those called by the testator
have no interest in acquiring them, the inheritance is declared vacant, and the
assets are then transferred to the treasury.
216. Escrow: Responsabilidad que se tiene sobre la educación y el
bienestar de una persona menor de edad.
Example: The mother and father are divorced and reached an authentic
agreement of joint custody of the minor.
217. Estate: Set of assets that a person acquires by family inheritance.
INGLES II 22
Example: Any of the spouses or both, any of the concubines or both, the
single mother or the single father, the grandmothers, the grandparents, the
daughters and the sons or any person who wants to constitute i
218. Estate Tax: A tax on the free transmission of assets, including:
donations, bequests, benefits from trusts, benefits from insurance collection
when the contractor is not the beneficiary.
Example: any of the spouses or both, any of the concubines or both, the
single mother or the single father, the grandmothers, the grandparents, the
daughters and the sons or any person who wants to constitute it.
219. Estoppel: Any of the circumstances that outlaw or annul marriage in
the Catholic Church.
Example: Other impediments are legal, since although the person may in fact
act, he is prevented from doing so by law. For example, someone is not
actually prevented from stealing, but legally.
220. Euthanasia: Death without pain, discomfort or physical suffering.
Example: Applying a fatal dose.
221. Euthanize, to: In these cases, it is common to resort to seriously
harmful substances or drug overdoses, especially morphine.
Example: It's letting die
222. Evasión of the Law: Fraud of law or fraud of law is the carrying out of
a scam or fraud by means of a legal act or business under the protection of
existing regulations in order to achieve certain objectives, which, not being
those of that rule, are also contrary to another existing law of the legal system.
Example: Let's think that we want to give a property to a third person. That
decisión must be materialized through a donation contract, which to be valid
must be granted before a notary, which will also accrue the corresponding
taxes on donations.
223. Evict, to.: Expel or compel a person to leave a house or land that he
occupies or has leased, through legal action.
Example: If the landlord refuses to renegotiate the terms of the lease and has
no contempt, the tenant and their family may end up being evicted - that is,
they will be left homeless and end up with their belongings on the Street.
INGLES II 23
224. Evidence: Evidence is decisive evidence in a judicial process. It can be

used to desígnate that which allows to demónstrate the truth of a fact
according to the criteria established by law. Who alleges is responsible for
providing the corresponding evidence.
Example: My evidence is knowing my brotherfor his entire lite.
225. Evidence Law: The evidentiary law is that branch of law that deais with
the fixing, evaluation, practice and examination of evidence in a process to
create in the judge a conviction of certainty regarding the case to be judged.
Example: the evidence is conceived as the set of reasons that lead the
magistrate to acquire certainty about the facts proposed by the parties in the
postulatory acts; and, finally, the evidentiary means constitute the instruments
used by the parties or available to the magistrate to achieve conviction of the
judge's decisión.
226. Examination: A series of questions, usually writtenExamination of Title
- Estudio de título.
Example: "I lost my bag on the bus and when I called the bus company to
claim it, I had to answer an almost pólice interrogation"
227. Excise Tax: Amount of money to be paid to the Administration to
contribute to the public finances.
Example: "wealth tax"
228. Exclusive Economic Zone: Zona económica exclusiva o mar
patrimonial.
Example: The exclusive economic zone, also called patrimonial sea, is a
maritime strip that extends from the outer limit of the territorial sea to a
distance of 200 nautical miles
229. Exclusive Jurisdiction: fight between people or animáis that seek to
achieve the same goal.
Example: Being the principie of legality the determinant of competition; in Arts
6 and 7 of the Civil Procedure Code in forcé those that indícate the
inalienability and the non-delegability of the same except in cases expressly
provided for in the law or in their respective international agreements
INGLES II 24
230. Exclusive License: An exclusive license allows you to own the rights
to an image. Exclusive licenses are not always available
Example: Full powers are granted to the licensee, so the owner of the
technology can neither license others nor exploit by himself.
231. Exculpate, to: Exempt a defendant from a penalty or pecuniary
conviction through a court decision.
Example: "the Supreme Court ruling acquits four of the seven accused"
232. Executor: Person in charge of enforcing the last wishes of a deceased
and of guarding his property until it is distributed among the heirs.
Example: "If there is not enough money in the inheritance for the payment of
funerals and legacies, and the heirs do not contribute their own, the executors
will promote the sale of personal property"
233. Executory: Firm a court ruling
Example: This ruling was already carried out when the final evidence was
read in the last trial.
234. Exemplary damages: Punitive damages are not intended to repair or
compensate the victim, but are preventive in nature, they are a sanction
imposed to deter future and similar behavior from others.
Example: It is understood that in the case of unlawful and fraudulent
dismissals, due to their degrading nature, there is a greater rejection;
however, it seems to me that the introduction of punitive damages breaks our
civil liability system and introduces a category completely unrelated to
restorative justice.
235. Exempt, to: To make a person free from a burden, guilt, obligation or
commitment.
Example: "the law exempts the importation of this type of machinery from the
payment of customs duties"
236. Exempt property: unattachable assets are those assets that are
excluded from execution and cannot be seized.
Example: Assets that have been declared inalienable by law.
237. Earnings: v. PROFIT WELL.
Example: if a spouse inherits an olive farm, the farm is privative but the
INGLES II 25
harvest is profit.
238. Exequátur: it is the legal procedure that is in charge of examining
whether a foreign judgment (or award) is valid and meets the specific
requirements for it to be fully effective and to be executed in a country other
than the one in which the judgment was issued.
Example: A clear example of what an exequatur is for is the case of two
people, with common children, who divorce abroad and one of them resides in
Peru.
239. Exhibit: Material thing, fact, event, reason or argument with which it is
proved or it is tried to prove that something is of a certain way and not of
another.
Example: "the prosecution does not have enough damning evidence against
him"
240. Exonerate, to: To make a person free from a burden, guilt, obligation
or commitment
Example: "The agreement does not imply exonerating athletes from their
respective obligations"
241. Ex parte proceeding: In the non-contentious process, there is no
controversy or duality between the parties. These are actions before the
judges, for the solemnity of certain acts or for the pronouncement of certain
resolutions that the courts must dictate.
Example: a fine resolution, a determination resolution, a payment order,
among others.
242. Expatríate: That expatriates.
Example: "the nostalgia of the expat"
243. Expenses: Pecuniary disbursement destined to the acquisition of
things, to the remuneration of services or to the conservation of goods and
values. They can be of a private or private order, contemplated, consequently,
by Commercial and Civil Law norms, or public expenses, legislated by
Administrative Law.
Example: to be able
244. Expert: Who is understood or expert in a certain matter.
INGLES II 26
Example: "This is a book on music intended for any educated Citizen, without
this necessarily having to be an expert in the matter"
245. Ex post facto: A legal act is retroactive when it can be applied to past
actions. In this way, based on the enactment of a law that is retroactive, it is
possible to judge events that occurred in the past, when that law did not yet
exist.
Example: Today it is legal to smoke on the street and tomorrow a law that
punishes such conduct comes into force
246. Extenuating Circumstances: As its name indicates, there are only
certain elements that surround the commission of a criminal act, and that
make the person or persons who carry it out see their sentence varied, set in
a Judgment, depending on whether or not they concur.
Example: that they can be accidental or essential elements, depending on
the circumstances, whose concurrence generates a higher graduation or rank
in the application of the penalty, that is, the author is punished with more
penalty; or "mitigating factors" which are always accidental elementS.
247. Extortion, to : Obtaining a thing from a person through the use of
violence, threats or intimidation.
Example: "the union has announced its fight against employers who extort
money from workers".
248. Extradition Treaty: Extradition is the judicial (criminal-administrative)
procedure by which a person accused or convicted of a crime under the law of
one State is detained in another State and returned to the former to be
prosecuted or to serve the sentence already imposed.
Example: If the extradition had been requested by several States, either for
the same fact or for different facts, the Government will decide on the
extradition and, if applicable, the delivery of the requested one.
249. Extraordinary Remedy: which is granted before the superior court,
exceptionally and restrictively, generally in order to ensure the uniform
application of the national or provincial Constitution, or the law.
INGLES II 27
Example: the appeal. Extraordinary recourse (or of strict law): is one that the
law admits, exceptionally, against certain resolutions and for certain causes.
Generally, these are legal remedies.
250. Extraterritorial: Extraterritoriality is called legal fiction, admitted in
international law, whereby a building or land is considered in the foreign
country, as an extensión of the owner country, as in the case of embassies,
consulates, military bases and, in specific terms aspects, aspects. In reality, it
does not imply the conversión for all purposes of that territory for the sea into
an extensión of the owner country, but is exempt for the purposes of
jurisdiction from the application of the law of the country in which it is located.
The cause of this exemption is located in the result of diplomatic transactions.
Example: A third topic favoured by her delegation was extraterritorial
jurisdiction.
251. Extraterritoriality: Privilege by which the domicile of diplomatic

agents, ships, etc., are considered as if they were outside the territory where
they are located, to remain subject to the laws of their country of origin.
Example. Extraterritoriality is called legal fiction, admitted in international law,

whereby a building or land is considered in a foreign country, as an extensión
of the owner country, as in the case of embassies, consulates, military bases
and, in certain
252. Eyewitness: Witnesses of the first type are called eye, eye, or sight
witnesses. According to this definition, it is not necessary to be present, and
there may be non-eyewitnesses, such as experts or so-called hearsay
witnesses, because they have heard something related to a certain event that
can be considered true. Therefore, an eyewitness is not a redundancy.
Example: This evidence is direct, since the source witnessed the controversial
fact at the same time that it occurred; for example, in an indemnity
proceeding, a witness is offered who observed the damages that the
defendant did to an immovable property of the actor.
253. Failure: Lack of achievement.
INGLES II 28
Example: The Committee had reviewed cases of non-compliance and

submitted recommendations.
254. Fair Trial: For a trial to be fair and impartial, it is considered that it must
meet the following conditions: 1-lmpartiality and independence of the judges.
There is no fair trial without impartial judges; judges should not be under
pressure. 2-Non-retroactive nature of the penal regulations.
Example: The fair trial refers to the free criterion of interest that a judge must
have, when giving a verdict in a legal process. Because it is unethical and
violates the norms established in the law.
255. False Arrest: lllegal arrest is a type of ¡Ilegal detention that goes
beyond simply being detained. If you are actually arrested, either by a law
enforcement officer or by a prívate Citizen, without a valid court order or other
legitímate reason, you may have a lawsuit for unlawful detention.
Example. arrest of an offender red-handed, escaped from a prison, convicted
in absentia, etc.
256. Family Law: The family norm or also called (family law) is the set of
norms and legal institutions that regúlate personal and patrimonial
relationships.
example: Family law is made up of several issues that can affect a person or
family. Adoption, child support, child custody, divorce, separation, marriage,
alimony and abuse are some of the topics covered by this type of law
257. Fault: Lack of care, application and diligence of a person in what they
do, especially in fulfilling an obligation.
Example: "stated that it had nothing to do with the matter either by action, by
omission or by negligence"
258. Federal: That it is made up of territories that are governed by their own
laws, although they unite in certain functions.
Example: "Federal status currently exists, for example, in Germany,
Switzerland and the United States of America"
259. Felony - Serious felony.
Example: "in his country, he was sentenced to ten years for that crime"
260. Fees: Fees are the remuneration received for their work by those who
INGLES II 29
practice or practice a liberal profession or art. Implicit is the concept of a

remuneration that is given and received as an honor, given the hierarchy of
those who perform the specific task that must be remunerated.
Example that lawyer's fees are very high but he always wins cases.
261. Fiduciaries: That he is the legatee of a testator who is in charge of
transmitting the inheritance to another person or investing it in the manner
indicated.
Example: "the trustee shall be obliged to deliver the inheritance to the trustee,
except where the testator has provided otherwise"
262. Fiduciary : That depends on the credit or trust you deserve.
Example: "fiduciary securities".
263. Fací: As a broad concept it is represented by all material actions of
people, and by events independent of them, generally the phenomena of
nature.
Example: the Lord always shows what he knows with facts instead the other
is only words.
264. File an appeal, to: The appeal is filed before the Judge who issued the
contested decisión, its granting is conditional on the appellant having
complied with the objective and subjective requirements established by law.
Example: I request to grant the proposed appeal against the aforementioned
decisión / decisión, so that whoever decides may proceed to revoke the order
in question.
265. Finance Minister: The Minister of Finance, Minister of Finance or
Minister of Economy, is a high-ranking official of the Executive Power in
charge of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Finance or Ministry of Economy,
respectively.
Example: The Ministry of Finance approved the payment of resources from
contributions to the beneficiaries of the Formal Employment Support Program
266. Firm: A company can be a company, a group that is responsible for
performing stage shows or, in the militia, an infantry unit, part of a battalion,
which is under the command of a captain.
INGLES II 30
Example: Zappos is recognized for its great culture that begins with a job
interview that analyzes whether a person is suitable for the company's
environment.
267. First benefiaciary: When the check is used as a means of payment,
the regulation States that it must be drawn on the first beneficiary
Example: or which means that it must be issued in the ñame of the creditor
who is the only one who can dispose of it and that said provisión is only
possible through the issuing bank.
268. Fiscal Policy: he fiscal policy is a branch of economic policy that
configures the State budget, and its components, public spending and taxes
Example: For example, when the economy is experiencing periods of low
growth and resource unemployment, an expansive fiscal policy - increased
public spending, reduced taxes - could help reactívate aggregate demand and
the demand for employment.
269. Flagrante delicto: Flagrancy is understood to be the arrest of an
individual who is caught and caught just as he commits a crime. By capturing
an individual who attempts to commit a crime. When a person is caught
committing a crime.
Example: "People were outraged at the blatant lie of the deputy", "I will not
allow him to incur a blatant falsehood about me", "The deception was blatant:
there will be no forgiveness." In the area of criminal crime, a flagrant crime is
understood to be one that is being carried out at the precise moment.
270. Forcé Majeure: Forcé majeure or forcé majeure, or in Latín vis maior,
is a fact that cannot be avoided and cannot be foreseen. It is of great
importance, in law, when establishing liability for damages.
Example: It is called forcé majeure or fortuitous event the unforeseen that it is
not possible to resist such as a shipwreck, an earthquake, the acts of
authority exercised by public officials, etc.
271. Foreclosure: Foreclosure or mortgage action, in procedural law, is
called an executive procedure through which the sale of a real property that
was encumbered with a mortgage is ordered due to the debtor's breach of the
obligations guaranteed by the mortgage.
INGLES II 31
Examples: For example, a party who had a real right in the property before
the mortgage was created. Since the party would not be affected by the
foreclosure, the individual is considered to be a voluntary party to the case
and generally cannot be included without their consent.
272. Foreign: That he is from a different country than the person who
speaks.
Example: "Guatemala certainly has important attractions for foreign tourists".
273. Finalize: Finish or conclude. In America, kill, murder. The exhibitor
finished his presentation with a very nice phrase.
274. Foreign Debt: External debt is defined as the set of obligations that a
country has (both the public and prívate sectors) with respect to other
countries or institutions.
Example: In this sense, external debt ineludes credit granted by foreign
financial agents to the State (public debt) and to individuáis (prívate debt). For
example, Mexico's total external debt in 2018 was $ 446,097 million.
275. Foreign Currency: It is called a currency, on the other hand, when it
refers to a currency, or unit of account, foreign or under external sovereignty
with respect to the area with its own sovereignty through which the currency
circulates and which is mainly used for the exchange of goods and Services,
between countries.
Example: EUR / USD: Euro and US Dollar.
276. Foreign Exchange: Foreign currency, or better known as currency,
refers to the currency of foreign countries
Example: it is possible to mention the typical operations of purchases of
stocks that will be settled in a currency other than the euro, obtaining or
granting
277. Foreign Exchange Outflow: In the balance of payments, transactions
that supply foreign exchange from the country that produces the balance,
which are recorded as payments, such as merchandise imports, investments
abroad or the reduction of reserves.
Example: prívate pensión funds.
INGLES II 32
278. Foreign Investment: it is about the placement of capital in a foreign

country.
Example: Examples of foreign direct investment inelude mergers,
acquisitions, retail sales, Services, logistics, and manufacturing, among
others. Foreign direct investment and the laws that govern it can be
fundamental to a company's growth strategy.
279. Foreign Market: External Market Concept of External Market in the
field of accounting, financial law and other related: Set of International
commercial transactions that includes the total imports and exports of goods,
Services and capital, which are carried out.
Example: The import of raw materials for the manufacture of finished
producís.
280. Foreign Minister: Head or President of the Government in some
European countries.
Example: the chancellor is appointed by the president after a vote that takes
place in the Federal Parliament (the Bundestag)
281. Foreign Policy: Foreign policy is defined as the set of public decisions
made by the government of a State based on national interests and in relation
to other actors in the International system of a country.
Example: a State may need to respond to an international crisis. Setting the
goals: A State has múltiple goals in foreign policy.
282. Foreign Trade: it is the exchange of goods or Services existing
between two or more nations so that each one can satisfy their internal and
external market needs.
Example: The import of raw materials for the manufacture of finished
producís
283. Forensic Medicine: Forensic Medicine, also known as legal medicine,
medical jurisprudence or judicial medicine, is the branch of medicine that aims
to help the patient in the field of justice
Example: In Legal and Forensic Medicine, the procedures of Medical Science
are applied to analyze tests in order to determine, for example: Time, cause
and mode of death. Origin of a disease. Study on professional responsibility.
INGLES II 33
284. Forge, to: Do or make a false thing, that only appears to be real.
Example: "fake a Goya painting"
285. Formal: That is celebrated with pomp or extraordinary formalisms.
Example: "solemn sitting"
286. For profit: To clarify this idea, it can be said that commercial firms
have profit as their main purpose, that is, economic benefits.
Example: It is known as profit to the income, gain, benefit or profit that is
obtained from a certain thing or activity
287. For profit Corporation: Entities for profit are all those that when
carrying out a certain activity can generate profits and the destination of these
can be:
Example: that are reinvested in the same activity totally or partially or can be
totally or partially distributed among the members that make up the Entity.
288. Forum: The court of law (court or tribunal) is a public body whose main
purpose is to exercise jurisdiction.
Example: The court can also limit the authority of a conservator.
289. Forum conveniens: The court that is competent to hear a matter is
equally competent to hear all incidents that are promoted in it.
Example: This communication does not imply that the case is being brought
before a court.
290. Forward Contract: Agreement, generally written, by which two or more
parties mutually agree to respect and fulfill a series of conditions.
Example: "Work contract"
291. Foundation: A foundation is a type of legal entity that is characterized
by being a non-profit or non-profit organizaron.
Example: When we talk about examples of foundations, we must first be clear
about what the word foundation means.
292. Franchisee: Who trades merchandise franchised. Who trades
merchandise franchised.
Example: A commercial and product type franchise is one in which the
franchisor grants the franchisee the right to use its trademark
293. Franchisor: Person or entity granting a franchise
INGLES II 34
Example: If the franchisor has a fast food franchise network, all of the brand's
stores will work with the same system.
294. Fraud: Economic deception with the intention of making a profit, and
with which someone is harmed.
Example: "you have to be aware of certain bargains that may hide fraud"
295. Free Trade Zone: A free trade zone (free mobility of goods) is an area
of a country where some of the trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas are
removed and bureaucratic procedures are reduced in hopes of attracting new
business and foreign investment.
Example: The best known examples of Free Trade Zones are: European
Union.
296. Free Zone: It is a delimited territory of a country where some tax
benefits are enjoyed, such as exemption from the payment of import duties on
goods, as well as exemptions from some taxes or a different regulation of
these
Example: Free zones will be closed, and the perimeter and access and exit
points will be subject to customs surveillance.
297. Friendly Settlement: Dispute settlement procedures are flexible

mechanisms that allow parties to examine recourse possibilities that may not
be available in a court action.
Example: It has participated in informal discussions on the possibility of
applying these procedures in the context of the Convention on Biological
Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture.
298. Fugitive: Who runs away or escapes from a place without being seen.
Example: "arrived in Perú around 1930, a fugitive from the political pólice of
two or three countries"
299. Fundamental Breach: It is important to note that, both in the Vienna
Convention and in the Unidroit Principies, the figure of “essential breach”
proper to Anglo-Saxon law is introduced
INGLES II 35
Example: for example, the right of a party to declare the contract terminated
under article 49, paragraph 1 a and article 64, paragraph 1 a.
300. Fundamental Error: The error of fact vitiates the consent when it falls
on the kind of act or contract that is executed or celebrated, as if one of the
parties understood the loan and the other donation
Example: if a person buys a gold plated watch thinking it is really gold. This
figure of essential error is expressly considered in the first paragraph of article
202 of the Civil Code, when it refers to the error that falls on the very essence
of the object of the act.
301. Fungibles: fungible goods, in short, are things that are spent,
deteriórate or are destroyed when used
Example: money
302. Future Contract: The futures contract is a contract between two
parties that commit to, at a future date and at a certain pnce
Example: The futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or
sell an asset at a certain future time, at a predetermined price. Through this
contract the parties agree to carry out the agreed operation at the end of the
term
303. Freedom: set of necessary and immediate conditions for the

manifestación of the personality an for its full development.
Example: the luxuary of freedom.
304. Fredman: free status through a procedure called manumission.
305. Flight: Similar to the peculiar movement of birds in the air, the journey
through space that an aircraft makes from takeoff to landing.
306. File: meeting of documents related to the same matter.
Example: the file was full.
307. Gaps in the law: lack of positive norm applicable to a certain
relationship.
308. Gender legacy: the legacy of indeterminate things is authorized, but
included in some genus or species determined by nature.
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309. Gazette: Newspaper in which political, literary or other news is given. In

Perú it would be the newspaper EL Peruano.
Example: the new law carne out: buy the gazette to be able to read, they sell it
on the córner.
310. Gafo: Word that legally has only historical valué. According to Escriche,
that ñame was applied to those who, as a consequence of a certain type of
leprosy, had their fingers curved like the claws of birds of prey, so "whoever
calis another a gafo, has than sing the palinodia.
311. Galleon: Large sailing vessel, similar to the galley and with three or
four sticks on which they generally oriented cross candles; there were those
of war and merchants.
Example: everyone get on the galleon that is going to set sail.
312. Guilty crime: One that is committed by recklessness or negligence.
Example: when car accidents, home accidents, an explosión or an involuntary
fire occur
313. Guilty crime: The one that is committed by carelessness or lack of care.
Example: I go to a video game store and take a game, put it in my coat and
leave without paying.
314. Galleys: Vessels that advanced by the action of the wind, if it was
favorable, or by the propulsión of the oars of the galleys (v.). who occupied
both sides of the ship, subject, by chains, to its bank and its oar.
Example: to travel to the town below we must paddle in galleys along the
river.
315. Guarantor: Who gives a guarantee. Strictly speaking, surety.
Example: the young man who stands outside is the guarantor and must leave
his guarantee.
316. Guarantee: Guarantee, deposit. Garment. Caution. Obligation of the
guarantor. Example: to be able to trust the loan I need a guarantee.
to execute the process you must first pay the expenses with the State.
317. Genealogy: This precise determination of the ancestors has legal
importance, because it helps, sometimes, to determine the filiation and
kinship links, very important in the Succession Law of some countries.
INGLES II 37
Example: to lighten the investigation further it would be good to also

investígate the genealogy of the accused.
318. Generation: Procreation, begetting of a new being.
Example: new generations are the future of the country.
319. General: In the armed forces, superior employment to that of colonel.
Example: The general of the armed forces is willing to do whatever it takes to
win this war.
320. Genus: Species, even though it is sometimes opposed to it, which then
constitutes a subdivisión of the genus.
321. Genocide: The crime or crime to which we refer has been
characterized, in International Criminal Law, as a common international, non-
political crime of the utmost gravity. It is a biased and premeditated crime,
which is carried out with the purpose of destroying, totally or partially, a
certain human group.
Example: Adolfo Hitler is known as the greatest genocide in history.
322. Gentile: particularly refers to the enemies and persecutors of
Christians in the early centuries of the Church. Examples: Gentiles hated
Christians during ancient times.
323. Gens: Román institution of difficult definition, since there are several
opinions about the gens. Peña Guzmán and Argüello, taking into account
what Mommsen has said, say that the basic nucleus of the gens was the
family, the community of people of both sexes who descended by male line
and by legitímate marriage of a common ancestor or who believed to descend
from he.
324. Geopolitics: This word has been defined by the Spanish Academy as
"the Science that seeks to found national and international politics in the
systematic study of geographic, economic and racial factors". It is the
synthetic concretion of the geographical political expression, used for the first
time by the Swedish treatise writer Kjellen at the end of the 19th century.
Example: we can know what will be the future events in politics, using
geopolitics.
325. Gloss: Explanation, comment or interpretation of an obscure or difficult
INGLES II 38
to understand text.
Example: You can also find court codes with explanatory glosses.
326. Governor: Superior chief of a province, territory or city, which
according to his attributions and jurisdiction is called civil or military, among
other species.
Example: the Governor of Tacna is working hard to fight crime.
327. Governing: Governing a State or a public Corporation
328. Government: Action and effect of governing.
329. Gradation: Ordering of things by importance, succession or right.
330. Graduation: División into degrees or categories of people, things or
rights. In general, any arrangement or staging.
331. Guard: Compliance, observance or compliance with laws, orders and
other mandatory precepts.
Example: he did not listen to the guard and they sanctioned him.
332. Governmental: Detained for reasons of public order and admiring
authority.
Example: He was detained by the government and not for helping the people.
333. Guide: Office or document issued by the public administration to
accredit and authorize the transit of genres or effects whose movement or
trade is restricted for fiscal, health or public order reasons
334. Guilda: Machine devised in times of the French Revolution, and still
preserved in such a nation to execute the death penalty by beheading.
Example: the thief will be punished with the gualda and serve as an example.
335. Guarentigio: Going through a parliamentary obstruction ending the
discussion of a bilí or another issue.
336. Grantee: The one to whom a donation is made.
Example: a boy received three dictionaries in the library as a donation.
337. Gradúate: the given by free
Example: the gradúate was juan de quispe.
338. Habilitation: Actually represents what in Labor Law is called profit
sharing.
Example: they already enabled this center because it complied with all the
INGLES II 39
rules.
339. Hegemony: Supremacy that a State exercises over others, generally
and unfortunately based on its greatest military power. Imperialism is based
on it.
Example: China lives in hegemony because its governor is an imperialist.
340. Heir: A person who, by will or by law, succeeds in all or part of an
inheritance, on the occasion of the death of the person who leaves it, and who
is represented by the set of rights and obligations of the deceased, therefore
which is understood that the heir replaces him in his personality.
Example: The boy was the sole heir to his grandmother's entire fortune
341. Housing: Room, House. (v. goods of family, home, dwelling).
Example: The man entered his house through the neighbor's roof.
342. Hidalgo: Also called sondal, it represents a completely anachronistic
social concept and almost disappeared from the current vocabulary, except to
designate a person of generous and noble spirit. In another sense, and in
times past, it was called this way who by his blood belonged to a noble and
distinguished class. It could represent a social position equivalent to the
current blood aristocracy, by the way, in notable decline.
Example: in the past, the son of blood was called a gentleman.
343. Ignorant jurist non excusal: Ignorance of the law is no excuse; typically refers
to criminal charges, in which such ignorance is not a cognizable defense.
Example: The lawyer admitted the ignorantis juris non exusat to declare not guilty to
the imprisoned.
344. IMegaMy obtained evidence: n. Evidence obtained in violation of a law or a
constitutional requirement.
Example: The nurse's testimony was declared illegally obtained evidence.
345. Illegitimacy: The status of being born to parents who are not married
to one another.
Example: That boy was conceived in status of illegitimacy.
346. Illegitimate: Of a child, that he or she was born to parents not married
to one another. 2 Wrongful or unlawful.
Example: The illegitimate girl appropriated the inheritance.
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347. Illusory: adj. Deceptive or insubstantial. illusory promise. A promise to

do something that is unenforceable or meaningless because the promisor has
means of avoiding the commitment.
Example: The illusory testimony of the witness made the defense fall.
348. Immigration: The act of entering a country with the intention of
remaining there permanently.
Example: The immigration increased in the last year.
349. Immunity: An exemption from a duty or penalty. 2 A permanent status,
as for a diplomat, exempting one from being sued or prosecuted for certain
actions. A special status, granted by a prosecutor, exempting a witness from
being prosecuted for the acts to which he or she testifies.
Example: The immunity of the congressman avoided the demand.
350. Impact rule: The rule that a plaintiff cannot claim damages for negligent.
Example: The parents cannot claim the damage of medical negligence for the
impact rule.
351. Infliction: of emotional distress unless there has been some physical
impact, such as an assault.
Example: A parent of a child injured in an auto accident cannot recover for
his/her own distress in seeing child physically injured, unless parent also
sustained own physical injury.
352. Impair: Of property or a contractual right, to interfere in such a way as
to diminish its valué.
Example: The tenant didn't receive the guarantee because the owner applied
him the impair.
353. Impeachment: An attack on the credibility of a witness for reasons
relating to prior inconsistent testimony or evidence of lying. An administrativo
procedure, defined in the United States Constitution, under which the president
or another government official is brought up on charges and tried by the
Congress, and, if convicted, is removed from office.
Example: The impeachment of the congress produced the congress reaction.
354. Impertinent matter: Irrelevant material in a pleading.
Example: The impertinent matter didn't change the judgment.
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355. I abdícate: The one that belongs to the lordship, territory or jurisdiction of the
abbot.
356. Implication: An inference
Example: The implication on the jury seem to determine a fast process.
357. Implied: Of something that is inferred, rather than plainly expressed.
Example: The implied man was found in the place.
358. Implied power: A political power not expressly named in a constitution
but that is inferred because it is necessary to the performance of an enumerated
power
Example: The president’s implied power attributes him the country’s
management.
359. Import: A product brought in the course of commerce into a country
other than the one in which it originated .The process of bringing in such
producís.
Example: Perú imports foreign machinery.
360. Impossibility: The condition of being unable to happen or to be
achieved. Factual impossibility. Of an act that cannot physically be done. Legal
impossibility. In criminal law, a defense to charges on the basis that the acts
committed was not ¡Ilegal. In civil law, an act which is impossible by operation
of law or rule, such as an attempt by a minor to enter into a binding contract.
Example: The children have impossibility in order to particípate in a trial by jury.
361. Impound: To take personal property (such as an automobile) into pólice
or judicial custody, pending further proceedings.
Example: The pólice impounds automobile when the drivers don’t have
documents.
362. Impoundment: n. The condition of being taken into pólice or judicial
custody, pending further proceedings
Example: He has being taken for impoundment.
363. Improvement: n. A modificaron to real estáte that increases its valué.
Example: The derogatory is oriented to the improvement of the law.
364. Impute: v. To infer or attribute responsibility or causation.
Example: The jury imputed responsibility to the defendant.
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365. Inalienable: Of property, that it cannot be sold or assigned; of rights, that

they cannot be abrogated.
Example: The familiar inalienable inheritance cannot be sold.
366. In camera: In the judge’s chambers; implying a prívate, closed, or
informal hearing or conference before the judge.
Example: The jury is in camera.
367. Incapacity: A lack of physical or mental ability or standing. 2 Inability to
take actions that are legally effective, such as signing a contract, due to age,
mental status, or other factors.
Example: The lawyer wanted to show incapacity for his defendant.
368. Incendiary: An arsonist. A bomb or combination of Chemicals used to
start a fire.
Example: The incendiary doesn't admit his responsibility.

369. Incompetent: Of evidence, that it is not admissible. 2 Of a witness, that
he or she is not permitted to testify, on the grounds that his or her testimony is
not relevant or is subject to some other disqualification.
Example: The witness's testimony was declared incompetent.
370. Inconsistent: Of an assertion, that is contradictory or not supported.
Example: The inconsistent demand was not admitted.
371. Incorpórate: To form a business Corporation. 2 To include or merge
something into something else.
Example: The businessman incorporated the new company.

372. Incorporation: The process of forming a business Corporation. 2 The
doctrine that the Bill of Rights is applied to the States by inclusión in the
Fourteenth Amendment right of due process.
Example: The company data formalized its incorporation.
373. Incorporeal: adj. Having no tangible existence.
Example: An incorpórate offense such as slander needs proof of evidence.
374. Incorrigible child: n. A child who cannot be managed by his parents or
guardians
Example: The minor correctional is in chars of incorrigible child.
INGLES II 43
375. Increment: n. A measurable or metaphorical increase in quantity or

quality.
Example: There was an increment in crime.
376. Incriminate: v. To reveal someone’s involvement in criminal acts.
Example: The women increment the witness.
377. Indebtedness: The condition of owing money to another. 2 The money
owed.
Example: The creditor will be furred to play the indebtedness.
378. Indecent exposure: Publicly displaying portions of one’s body,
especially the genitals, that are usually covered by clothing.
Example: The man was charged with indecent exposure inside the bus.
379. Indefeasible: a right, that it cannot be cancelled or defeated.
Example: The judge issued an indefensibie defense
380. Indefinite failure of issue: n. Language used in wills to denote a
descendant’s death without children at any time in the future, with no time
limitation applied.
Example: He was not considered in the inheritance for indefinite failure of issue.
381. Indemnify: To promise to make good another’s financial loss or liability
resulting from a particular event or contingency.
Example: The insurance company indemnified the wife.
382. In fieri: In being made, in process of formation or development, henee
incomplete or inchoate. Legal proceedings are described as in fieri.
Example: The legal proccess haven'tfinished because it is in fieri.
383. In fine: At the end, used in references, to indícate that the passage cited
is at the end of a book, chapter, section, etc.
Example: He didn't look at the passage in the end.
384. In foro: in a forum, court, or tribunal.
Example: There weren't many witness in foro.
385. In full: relating to the whole or full amount, as a receipt in full. Complete,
giving all details.
Example: The lent money was giver back in full.
INGLES II 44
386. In full life: That motivates, that radiates, that makes you want to live and
share.
Example: He didn't have endemics in full life apparently.
387. Indemnity: A duty, typically arising from contract, in which one promises
to make good another’s financial loss or liability, resulting from a particular
event or contingency. The act of making good another’s financial loss or liability,
resulting from the occurrence of a particular event or contingency. The injured
party’s right to claim payment from the party with the duty.
Example: The wife revived the indemnity.
388. Indenture: n. A document such as a mortgage or deed of trust, which
provides for security for a financial obligation, and which sets forth essential
terms such as interest rate and due date or maturity date.
Example: The bank required the client’s signature in the indenture.
389. Independent contractor: n. See contractor
Example: The company required the Service of an independent contractor.
390. Indictable offense: A level of crime for which a defendant must be
indicted by a grand jury in order to be prosecuted (typically a felony).
Example: The thief committed an indictable offense
391. Indictment: A charge made by a grand jury against a defendant. 2 The
process of making such a charge.
Example: The indictment was admitted.
392. Indigency: A State of poverty. In criminal/constitutional law, the State of
not being able to afford an attorney.
Example: He received a public defender for boing in a case of indigence.
393. Indispensable party: n. A party who must be included in the case, due
to the inevitability of his or her interests being affected by the court’s judgment
in same.
Example: It is necessary that the indispensable party arronded to the judgment.
394. Individual retirement account: n. A tax-deferred retirement account
established by federal law. The portion of annual income contributed to the
account is not taxed until it is drawn out after retirement age. Abbreviated IRA.
Example: The individual retirement account is retired when the worker retires.
INGLES II 45
395. Indorsee: n. The person to whom a negotiable instrument is assigned

by
Example: We didn't know who was the endorsee of the mansión.
396. Indorsement: The act of placing a signature on the back of a negotiable
instrument in order to assign it to an
Example: The family of the endorsee celebrated the endorsement. The payer
or the payee, but is acting to guarantee payment by the former.
397. Indorse: A person who assigns a negotiable instrument to another by
Example: Everybody knows the endorsement because he was a richman.
398. Indemnity insurance: Insurance which protects against loss, as
opposed to insurance against one’s liability to others.
Example: The indemnity insurance prevented for possible loss.
399. Insured: A person who pays for and receives the prospective benefit of
an insurance policy.
Example: He clameid the benefit because the insured protected him.
400. Intangible: Impalpable; not capable of being touched or otherwise
detected by the senses.
Example: The intangible belongs to the ethics.
401. Identity: Sameness between two Ítems or designs such that one violates patent
rights held by the other.
Example: The identity is built in the case of homonym.
402. Injury: injury, blow, or other bodily harm
Example: whenever a mechanical injury has acted on the tissues, the arnica is.
403. Itradimidium injury: damage sufferd by the seller or alientor due to having set
a price.
404. Integration: The merger of all agreements and understandings between
parties pertaining to a particular subject matter into a single written agreement.
The removal of racial barriers in society, providing equal access to all public
facilities.
Example: The discrimination is opposite to all processes of integration.
405. Intendment: The legislature’s intention in passing a particular law.
INGLES II 46
Example: The most important is the intendment is the intendment to improve

that law.
406. Intent: Deception, simulation, fraud. In crimes, intentional will, purpose
of commit them; deception that influences the will of another to celébrate those;
also malicious infringement in the fulfillment of obligations contráete.
Example: B plans to shoot A in order to kill him. B shoots A while he walks
through the park and as a result of the shot A dies.
407. Intent: The perpetrator’s frame of mind in committing a criminal act. The
wishes and desires of the framers of the United States Constitution or of
legislation. Original intent. The view that the United States Constitution should
be strictly construed in light of the framer’s intentions, rather than with modern
valúes and interpretations.
Example: During a log time the perpetrators had the intent to commit the crime.
408. Intentional infliction of emotional distress: Intentionally causing
another person extreme psychological suffering through one’s actions.
Example: That man caused intentional infliction of emotional distress in his wife.
409. In future: In future, at future time, the opposite of in precedent.
Example: We will wait for a better justice in the future.
410. In perpetuity: For eternity; without limit of time.
Example: The accused of terrorism will have to remain in prison in perpetuity.
411. Insolvency: The status of being unable to pay one’s debts when due.
Example: He buyer of the real estáte last the apartment due to insolvency.
412. Inspection: n. A detailed examination of objeets, such as goods or
discovery materials, to determine qualities such as fitness, relevance, or
consistency with a prior description.
Example: The judge ordered the inspection to be carried out.
413. Instrument: A written legal document defining the parties’ rights and
liabilities to one another. Negotiable instrument. Under the Uniform Commercial
Code, a writing that reflects an unconditional promise to pay, such as a check
or note, but does not also ineludes security for the payment.
Example: The judge wills evalúate the case talking into account the
instruments.
INGLES II 47
414. Insufficient evidence: n. Evidence so inadequate to prove an assertion

that it will not even support a presumption.
Example: Insurable interest sees interest.
415. Identification card: Piece of paper or parchment, already written or
where something can be written.
Example: the identification card.
416. Judicial center: It is the main administrative subunit of each judicial
región, headquarters of the administrative direction of this.
Example: the civil peace courtroom.
417. Judicial activism: A usually pejorative phrase implying that a judge is
applying his or her own political views, rather than basing decisions on law or
prior precedent.
Example: They thought thejudge's decisiorwas influenced byjudivial activism.
418. Judicial admission: n. An admission made by a party in court as to an
opposing party’s assertion, or a failure to formally dispute an assertion, resulting
in that assertion being treated as an incontrovertible fact in the remaining court
proceedings.
Example: The judicial admission eas acepted because the proccess was very
controversial.
419. Judicial discretion: n. Of matters left within the personal choice of a
judge, not to be reviewed or overruled by a higher court.
Example: The judge’s judicial discretion left some personal matters for being in
convenient.
420. Judicial economy: Efficiency in the management of a particular
litigation or of the courts in general; refers to measures taken to avoid
unnecessary effort or expense on the part of the court or the court system.
Example: The justice must know how to balance judicial economy.
421. Judiciary: The court system. The branch of government in which judge’s
serve. Collectively, the judges in a particular court system or in all court
systems.
Example: The highest court has the power review the lower courts.
422. Jump bail See bail jumping Jural: Pertaining to law or legal matters.
INGLES II 48
Example: That young woman was captured for alleged theft however, she paid
the juror until due process.
423. Jurat: A certification at the bottom of an affidavit or deposition by a
notary public that States the paper was signed, and thereby swom to, in his or
her presence by the individual who signed it. Example: It was necessary to
prepare the jurat in the notary to make a certification of the purchase and sale
of the house.
424. Joyriding: The temporary appropriation of another’s vehicle for use,
typically without the intention of selling or destroying it.
Example: He was accused of robbery, however he explained, because he took
the car.
425. J.P. See justice of the peace Judge: An appointed or elected official
responsible for conducting a court in which he or she resolves legal
controversies.
Example: Legal justice of the peace had to resolve the controversy between the
daughter in law and the únele who had argued with her.
426. Judge-made law: Legal doctrine established by court decisions rather
than by statute.
Example: It is the judge who conducts a travel and determines the sentence.
427. Judgment: n. A court’s final resolution of the issues before it at trial or
upon a dispositive motion. default judgment. A judgment entered due to the
failure of the defendant to answer or otherwise respond to the claim. Deficiency
judgment. A judgment in favor of a creditor following a forced sale of property,
for the difference between the amount owed and the amount collected as a
result of the sale, so as to fully compénsate the creditor.
Example: The final resolution of the court sentenced him to twenty-five years of
imprisonment for aggravated morder.
428. Judgment proof: Of a defendant, that he or she has no assets against
which a judgment may be executed.
Example: The judgment proofis defendant shaw the he has no propenties.
429. Judicature: The administration of justice via a court system. The judges
serving in such a court system. The office and duties of a judge.
INGLES II 49
Example: This proccess doesn't belog to this judicature.

430. Justiciability: Of a claim or controversy, the condition of being suitable
for adjudication by a particular court.
Example: That woman got justice for the justiciability.
431. Justifiable homicide sees homicide justification: A showing of an
appropriate reason for one’s actions.
Example: The defendant had no choice to justify the justifiable homicide for self-
defense.
432. Juvenile court See court. Juvenile delinquent: A minor who has
committed criminal acts.
Example: The boy was taken to the juvenile court to answer for actions.
433. Just compensation 166 kangaroo: Pejorative. Of an unfair court, in
which justice cannot be obtained.
Example: After the dissolution of the contract he receives a just compensation
for the damages produced.
434. Justice of the peace: n. A local official, not necessarily an attorney or
judge, with jurisdiction over limited matters such as performing weddings or
resolving minor civil or criminal complaints.
Example: To salve the claim it was only necessary to go to the justice of the
peace.
435. Jurisprudence: The study of the fundamental structure of a particular
legal system or of legal systems in general. A body of case law serving as
Precedent.
Example: The jurisprudence is essential in the knowledge of law.
436. Jurist: A judge. A legal scholar.
Example: The jurist was respected for the community.
437. Juror: n. An individual selected and sworn in to serve on a jury, deciding
factual issues in a civil or criminal case.
Example: For being a controversia! case, the jurors were selected.
438. Judicial knowledge: There is talk of judicial knowledge when a court
decides to take for granted a fact that, in its opinión, does not need to be
corroborated by evidence.
INGLES II 50
439. Jurisdiction: The power wielded by a government over its subjects, their
property, and the land and natural resources within its boundaries. A court’s
authority over persons or property brought before or appearing before. The
geographical area within which a government’s or a court’s power may be
applied. Ancillary jurisdiction. The authority of a court to decide secondary or
subsidiary claims raised by a case properly before it.
Example: The judge of the second criminal chamber of Lima was unable to
intervene in the pour-gas pipeline, case as it was not his jurisdiction.
440. Jus tertii: Latin. The rights of third parties affected by a controversy or
claim.
Example: The owners demanded from the construction company a just
compensation for the was offered.
441. Justice: n. The balanced and equitable administration of law.
Example: Judges must administer justicie in accordance with the provisions of
the law.
442. Jury: A group of individuáis selected and sworn in to serve as the finders
of fact in a civil or criminal trial, or in the case of a grand jury, to decide whether
the facts warrant an indictment of the defendant. Blue-ribbon jury. A jury for
which only highly educated individuáis have been selected, because they will
be dealing with technical subject matter. Grand jury. A jury selected and sworn
in by a prosecutor to determine whether to issue indictments. Petit jury. A jury
selected to decide the facts in a trial (effectively, any jury other than a grand
jury).
Example: There was a recess in order the jury may delibérate aboust the
judgement.
443. Jury instruction: n. An instruction given by the court to a jury at the
conclusión of presentation of all evidence in a trial, and after the lawyers’
closing arguments, to advise the jury of the law that applies to the facts of the
case, and the manner in which they should conduct their deliberations.
Example: Before starting the judge, he read the jury instructions.
444. Jury trial: A trial in which a jury will serve as the finder of fact.
Example: The jury trial is a particular casa to establish justice.
INGLES II 51
445. Key-number system: A scheme of numerical classification of cases

utilized by West Publishing Company in its legal treatises and case reporters.
Example: The insurance company used the key number system to legalize
legal.
legal.
legal.
448. Locator: person who gives a thing for lease or rent one who grants on
location the use or enjoyment of a thing.
449. Lodge: fremasons assembly. plce where it is celebrated.
450. Lottery: sale by a body of a certain number of tickets, which are then
raffled, and the lucky person will have the righ to any adject, called a lot.
Example: this is like a lottery.
451. Lucrative: capable of producing profit, that is, material gain or utility.
Example: but at least youre profitable again.
452. Lump sum: in international trade, in lump sum amounts.
453. Legalization: procedure by which a public official certifies the
authenticity of the signature of an act.
Example: fernandez in the democratic transition was the legalization of the
party.
454. Levirate: that forces the brother of the hedied chidless to marry the
widow.
455. Load: Tribute or lien imposed on a person or thing. Obligation that is
contracted by reason of status, employment or trade.
Example: the natural condition in a contract.
456. Lawsuit: Request addressed to a court and which gives rise to the
procedure.
INGLES II 52
Example: Lawsuits for inheritance. Privacy lawsuits. Lawsuits for tenure

protection.
457. Lex: Rule or norm established by a superior authority to regúlate, in
accordance with justice, some aspect of social relations.
Example: The sale of cocaine is punishable by law.
458. Legist: he versed in laws.
Example: eyes open to heaven, he waited patiently forthe arrival of the medical
doctor
459. Large estáte: set of land of a simple owner, as apposed to isolated plots.
460. Latín: towns that had ancient rome as a metrópolis.
Example: of good understanding, good latino.
461. Larceny: habit of stripping others of what belongs to them or of
defrauding them in their interests.
Example: for them it was not a robbery, it was almost an exchange.
462. Lawful: Which is established by law or is in accordance with it.
Example: with all these means it is lawful to work and we must place our trust
result to the will of god.
463. Lapse: space of time.
Example: for the span of half a second, he smiled.
464. Lar: home or own hause
Example: then the lar scandal occurs.
465. Logic: Science of the laws, ways and formas of human thought and
scientific knowledge
466. Leasing: financial lease agreement.
467. Lien: In Civil Law, this is the ñame of the real right, different from
property, locked on a foreign property (mortgage, pledge, easement), which is
intended to guarantee compliance by the debtor with an obligation.
Example: you have to pay the lien right as applicable by law.
468. Legitimacy: justification and social consent that a measure or rule
acquires.
469. Leonine: it is said of the contracts or clauses that benfit only one of the
parties is an excessive way in frank disadvanttage of the other
INGLES II 53
470. Lective: relating to days and periods of study in universities, colleges

and schools.
Example: i am referring to the regular school year.
471. Lust: inclination to carnal delights.
Example: you have gathered the fruit of your lust.
472. Lewd: absession that incapacitates all healthy effort or noble design.
Example: with faith and fervor venerate the lewd.
473. Liability insurance: Insurance this protects against one’s liability to
others, as with automobile insurance that provides coverage for accidents in
which the policyholder is at fault, or homeowners’ insurance, which provides
coverage for injury to those who are injured while on the homeowner’s property.
Example: Unfortunately his automobile didn't count with liability insurance.
474. Life insurance: Insurance for loss of life.
Example: Fortunately your husband had a life insurance.
475. Labor: legal aspects related to personal labor, unión and social
relations.
Example: i defended myself arguing that the employment situation was
inadequate.
476. Larceny: robbery with skill and without violence, where the skill is
displayerd, which denotes the preparation of the criminal, theft or fraud with
subtlety.
Example: what it really looks like is a thievery thing.
477. Labor: specialized or dedicated person in labor law.
Example: ethel knew a different political world: the national unión of garment
workers, the independent labor party.
478. Legión: he who considers himself a legista and knows the laws only by
heart.
Example: carpió knew that he did not deal with a legule.
479. Lend: loan and lease.
480. Legal tender: legal tender or forced, of forcé or leberating power.
481. Legality: established in accordance with the rules of the constitution.
Example: in reality, they crossed the line of legality.
INGLES II 54
482. Liturdy: thus is designated the set of rules of ceremonies concerning

divine office and Service.
Example: he is also establishing ow n litugy
483. Liberticide: everyone who attacks freedom.
484. Liquidity: evalution of the amount of money as reserve or availability.
Example: the company has made a wake-up cali about declining earmings and
¡lliquidity.
485. Libertarían: a staunch defender of freedon. contrary to all government,
anarchist.
Example. unable to prevent his reason from evoving his libertarían
temperament protested.
486. Legacy of liberation: the remission of the debt made in the will is
reputed as a legacy, unless proven otherwise.
487. Legal: as mandated by law.
Example: this is not legal, you know?
488. Locator: person who gives a thing for lease or rent one who grants on
location the use or enjoyment of a thing.
489. Lodge: fremasons assembly. plce where it is celebrated.
490. Loopholes: assumptions not expressly provided for in the standard but
that can be integrated with other means.
491. Liturdy: thus is designated the set of rules of ceremonies concerning
divine office and servicce.
Example: he is also establishing ow litugy.
492. Ledger: it is the begining of modern accounting systems that facilítate
numerous Controls and fast and preciso information.
493. License: authorization
494. Lictor: they were the ones who executed the decisions of the
magistrates.
Example: see also Meto.
495. Leniency: tenderness in demanding fulfillment of duties or in punshing
faults.
496. Lenocinio: bawdry, see corruption.
INGLES II 55
497. Legislature: period of the year during which you have th righ to hold an
assembly.
Example: i have been in the legislature for more than a quarter century.
498. Legitimation: action or effect of legitimaziong.
Example: that they hold their sessions at the dum, this is almost a legitimation.
499. Litigation: when a person cannot amicably obtain the recognition of a
prerogative that they believe the have and resolve to go to decisión of the
matter.
Example: litigation between parties.
500. Legation: representation that a government confers on a person near
another government.
Example: a cali from the legation.
501. Libel: act with which the trial begins.
Example: we are going to put her in jail fot libel, perjury and reputational attack.
502. Liberality: act by which a person seeks or agrees to give another an
advantage without compensation.
Example: frankly, liberally.
503. Lottery: sale by a body of a certain number of tickets, which are then
raffled, and the lucky person will have the righ to any adject, called a lot.
Example: this is like a lottery.
504. Legacy: by which the testator orders the delivery of one or several
specific and determined things to certain people fot after their death.
Example: the legacy of a horseman.
505. Legacy of charity: has moved the legislator and jurisprundence to
create a regimen of favor.
506. Lineage: series of descendants of a family.
Example: pharaoh the lineage of joseph.
507. Lynch: popuklar way of executing justice.
Example: lynching action.
508. Legacy of credit: the testator may have ordered the legatee to acquire
the credit that he had agaonst a third party.
509. Leonine: unreasonably advantageous for one of th contracting parties.
INGLES II 56
510. Legal aid: Aid mechanism between different judicial bodies of different
populations.
Example: the judge's secretary.
511. Lawyer: is a doctor or law gradúate who is responsible for the defense
and direction of the parties involved in judicial or administrativo proceedings
Example: the lawyer was on his feet.
512. Legislator: body that legislates accoding to powers or atributions of the
law
Example: the palace of the lord legislator.
513. Legislative: text of laws
Example: a judge, members of the legislature
514. Life: Adjective. It is said of what lasts as long as Ufe.
Example: Grandfather Pedro receives his life salary to be able to live his
retirement.
515. Lucrative: capable of producing profit, that is, material gain or utility.
Example: but at least you are profitable again.
516. Lump sum: in international trade, in lump sum amounts.
517. Legitimize: ratify or sanitize
Example: action and effect of legitimizing.
518. Lego: Judge who is not a lawyer.
Example: and you say hes a layman
519. Maritime liens: is a source of inspiration fot the norms of spanish
american constitutions.
520. Manager: Who performs a management, Administrator. In charge of
foreign affairs for their diligence, process or execution.
Example: the manager had to resign his position due to moral incapacity.
521. M'naghten rule: The right-wrong test of criminal responsibility. The rule
States essentially that if accused was possessed of sufficient understanding
when he committed criminal act to know what he was doing and to know that it
was wrong, he is responsible therefor, but if he did not know the nature and
quality of the act or did know what he was doing but did not know that it was
wrong, he is not responsible.
INGLES II 57
Example: The M'Naghten Rule is applied when the person was able to
distinguish between right and wrong at the time of offense.
522. Mace: A large staff, made of the precious metáis, and highly
ornamented. It is used as an emblem of authority, and carried before certain
public functionaries by a mace-bearer. In many legislative bodies, the mace is
employed as a visible Symbol of the dignity and collective authority of the house.
In the House of Lords and House of Commons of the British parliament, it is
laid upon the table when the house is in session. In the United States House of
Representativos, it is borne upright by the sergeant-at-arms on extraordinary
occasions, as when it is necessary to quell a disturbance or bring refractory
members to order.
Example: All members are required to bow their heads to the mace upon
entering the chamber.
523. Mace-greff: In oíd English law. One who buys stolen goods, particularly
food, knowing it to have been stolen.
Example: The receiver of stolen goods knowing them to have been stolen may
be punished as the principal accused of mace-greef crime.
524. Machination: The act of planning or contriving a scheme for executing
some purpose, particularly an evil purpose; an artful design formed with
deliberaron.
Example: After being caught running a machination against his political rival,
the ruthless candidate lost the election.
525. Mad point: A term used to desígnate the idea or subject to which is
confined the derangement of the mental faculties of one suffering from
monomanía.
Example: She was found not guilty because she crossed the mad point in the
criminal scheme.
526. Magistrate: A judicial officer of limited jurisdiction or responsibility;
colloquially used as a synonym for judge.
Example: After serving as magistrate, he was elected burgomaster of Lima.
INGLES II 58
527. Mailbox rule: The rule that the acceptance of a contract is effective upon
being mailed, unless the contract provides otherwise. 2 In litigation, the rule that
a pleading is served as of the date it is mailed.
Example: As per the mailbox rule, Juan’s acceptance is considered effective as
of June 8, due to Juan’s reasonable and proper Service of his acceptance of
Maria’s offer.
528. Majority: The status of having attained the age of adulthood as set by
law. 2 More than fifty percent of a total (usually referring to people in a group
voting in an election or on a matter placed before them).
Example: The majority of unión members voted in approval of a strike.
529. Malfeasance: An unlawful act, particularly one committed by a public
official. Example: A public official may be tried for incompetence, corruption or
malfeasance according to the regular procedure in criminal cases.
530. Malice: The State of mind of one intentionally performing a wrongful act.
Example: If a person commits a crime with malice, they did it on purpose.
531. Misdemeanor. An offense usually punishable by incarceration in a local
confinement facility, for a period of which the upper limit is prescribed by statute
in a given jurisdiction, typically limited to less than a year. One of the two major
classes of crimes, the other being felonies.
Example: Misdemeanors are generally regarded as less harmful than felonies.
532. Motion: An oral or written request made by a party to an action, before,
during or after a trial, that a court issue a rule or order.
Example: On Friday afternoon, Kentucky Attorney General Daniel Cameron
filed a motion with the Scott County court, seeking get an answer document.
533. Mutagen: Substances that cause a change in the genetic material of a
cell, inheritable from cell to cell and sometimes between generations. These
changes in genetic material can cause what is commonly known as birth
defects.
Example: Overall the Committee agreed that there was limited evidence that
Flunixin-meglumine was an in-vitro mutagen.
INGLES II 59
534. Magister litis: Master of the suit; the person who Controls the suit or its
prosecution, or has the right so to do. Example: Actually, l'm the magister litis
working with local counsel on a pending case.
535. Magna charta: The ñame of a charter (or constitutional enactment)
granted by King John of England to the barons, at Runnymede, on June 15,
1215, and afterwards, with some alterations, confirmed in parliament by Henry
III and Edward I. This charter is justly regarded as the foundation of English
constitutional liberty.
Example: That would take us back to the dark ages, to the period prior to the
Magna Charta.
536. Maim: As now used signifies to cripple or mutílate in any way, to inflict
upon a person any injury which deprives him of the use of any limb or member
of the body, or renders him lame or detective in bodily vigor; to inflict bodily
injury; to seriously wound or disfigure.
Example: Pólice must race against time to prevent the offender's struggles to
maim and murder the citizens Trujillo city.
537. Madness: Insanity or mental derangement, especially in a form resulting
in violent acts or other manifestaron of acute derangement of the mind. A word
which was apparently employed by the earlier writers on the subject of insanity
to include almost every form of mental derangement.
Example: My cousin and I thought the madness died with Pedro.
538. Main: Adjective: Principal; leading; chief in ¡mportance, strength extent
or length. Example: MRTA probably wasn't the main threat in Perú on the 90s.
539. Majority verdict: A verdict having the assent of a majority of the jury.
Example: The last Friday the majority verdict has received official and formal
sanction.
540. Majus jus: A greater right; a better right. Example: The law recognized
their major jus.
541. Malconduct: A term sometimes applied to the unprofessional conduct
of a lawyer.
Example: He was forced to defend himself against charges of mal conduct on
a trial.
INGLES II 60
542. Malefactor: A person convicted of crime; a criminal. Example: I don't

want some dangerous malefactor living next door.
543. Maliciously: With harmful motive and in wilful disregard of the rights of
others. Example: Roberto maliciously damaged a car with a hammer.
544. Malicious prosecution: A criminal prosecution begun in malice, without
probable cause to believe it can succeed, and finally ending in failure.
Example: a protest was at once signed and published by a large number of his
parishioners against the malicious prosecution.
545. Manía transitoria: Emotional insanity; that is, the case of one in the
possession of his ordinary reasoning faculties, who allows his passions to
convert him into a temporary maniac.
Example: after the trial, Juan has been found not guilty because of his mania
transtoria reaction in the crime.
546. Mannire: To cite an adverse party to appear in court; a citation issued at
the instance of one of the parties to an action requiring his adversary to appear
in court.
Example: the mannire has been scheduled for tomorrow.
547. Mannopus: Stolen goods which have been taken from the hands of a
thief. Example: the pólice has caught the thief and taken off the proof as
mannopus for the trial.
548. Manstealing: The offense of kidnapping, or the forcible abduction or
stealing away of a man, woman or child from his own country and sending him
to another. Example: he related details of a recent aborted manstealing in
Arequipa.
549. Mansuetus: Tamed; gentle; domesticated.
Example: humans got the wild dogs in the past became a mansuetus useful
stuff for them.
550. Manutenentia: Same as maintenance.
Example: paloma has started sue for manutenentia against pablito.
551. Manworth: The valué of a man's life or that of a man's head.
Example: Pablo swore on his friend's manworth in the murder trial.
INGLES II 61
552. Marine: Pertaining or relating to the sea; pertaining or relating to

navigation. A person serving in the marine corps.
Example: he was made minister of marine’s cabinet of peruvian naval forcé.
553. Marital: Pertaining or relating to the marriage relation.
Example: your marital difficulties aren't our business.
554. Married: he woman and the man united by civil or canonical marriage,
or in both ways at the same time. The generality of the people who have
contracted marriage, that subsists by living both spouses and not having been
divorced. Example: marriage.
555. Marital duties. The personal consequences and incidents of the marital
relationship, duties reciprocal to the rights of consortium.
Example: people should know about their marital duties before getting
engaged.
556. Marital rights: The rights of spouses as such. The personal
consequences and incidents of the marital relationship; the rights of consortium.
Example: our constitution cares about marital rights.
557. Marital status: The status of one as a single or married person.
Example: your marital status will change when you sign your wedding papers.
558. Management: Performance of the position of manager and fulfillment
of the function or management that is incumbent on him.
559. Management: Action and effect of managing, administering and
carrying out procedures conducive to achieving a public or prívate matter. The
previous administration of this government left the State in ruin.
560. Maritime contract: A contract relative to a matter, transaction, or Service
that depends on, assists, or furthers transportation on navigable waters.
Basically, a contract the whole substance of which has a connection with
navigation of a ship, with her equipment or preservation, or with the
maintenance or preservation of her crew.
Example: the maritime contract is the only proof of merchant’s transaction.
561. Maritime supplies: Articles and substances used in the operation of
vessels on navigable waters.
INGLES II 62
Example: tuesday’s typhoon has destroyed our maritime supplies.

562. Marked crosswalk: A way for pedestrians across a Street marked by
lines, usually in white.
Example: pablito has been crashed by a car at the marked crosswalk of the
Street.
563. Market price: A price determined by the demand for the commodity in
relation to the supply; the price in an open market.
Example: sandrita would like sell her house at the market price.
564. Marksman: A person who, being unable to write his ñame, signs an
instrument by making his mark, either as a witness or a principal.
Example: no one knows the identity of the marksman in lava jato case.
565. Martial law: Law as applied by military authorities for the government of
the civilian population in portions of the country in a State of war, operative only
until pacification.
Example: Arequipa has gone back to the martial law because of city situation.
566. Masón: A member of the secret fraternal order of masonry, otherwise
called freemasonry, through a masonic lodge.
Example: if you want to become a masón, you should must be the best one.
567. Material alteration: A change in the terms of a written instrument which
gives it a legal effect different from that which it originally had.
Example: intercorp will make a material alteration on everyone’s bank contract.
568. Matrimonial domicil: The domicil of the husband which is that of the
wife by virtue of the marital relation, her domicil merging into that of her
husband. Example: in order to get justice, Maria has established her
matrimonial domicil at cusco.
569. Matter of form: A formality involving in the law a technical aspect,
particularly in reference to a fixed procedure, the form of an action, or manner
of pleading, as distinguished from a matter of substance going to the existence
of a cause of action.
Example: everything has started because of a mistake in a matter of form when
Carlos has sue me.
INGLES II 63
570. Mature: Adjective: full-grown. Ripe. Fully developed. Due and payable.
Verb: to ripen; to develop. To reach maturity; to become due and payable, as
in the case of a promissory note.
Example: Pedrito is now mature enough for getting hired.
571. Mayor: A municipal officer, usually the highest charged with
administrative duties to be performed on behalf of the municipality. Sometimes
having judicial duties as the magistrate of a mayor's court.
Example: Roberto has been elected as the new local mayor.
572. Mean person: A cruel, vicious, or corrupt person. A person without
compassion or charity. In an older sense, a person of low degree.
Example: a killer is almost always a mean person.
573. Milestone: It is of interest, therefore, in terms of transit and in the
delimitation and marking of rustic estates and even for the drawing of borders.
Example: the pólice monitor this milestone very well because they are always
¡Ilegal.
574. Mediation: The settlement of disputes between sovereign nations by the
arbitration thereof.
Example: mediation is the best way to solve problems.
575. Nagging: Persisting in criticism, scolding, and complaints, sometimes
constituting mental cruelty entitling the injured party to a divorce.
Example: Lionel has been accused of nagging his neighbors.
576. Naked: Nude; unclothed; stripped of clothing; bare; incomplete; not full.
A person was held not to have been naked when he was stripped of clothing
down to his waist.
Example: last night one girl has found naked and dead cióse to the museum.
577. Naked: Nude; unclothed; stripped of clothing; bare; incomplete; not full.
A person was held not to have been naked when he was stripped of clothing
down to his waist.
Example: last night one girl has found naked and dead cióse to the museum.
578. Narcotics: Substances which directly induce sleep, allay sensibility and
blunt the senses, and which, when taken in large quantities, produce narcotism
or complete insensibility.
INGLES II 64
Example: Pedro was capture while transporting narcotics.

579. Nasciturus: A person to be born in the future.
Example: civil rights cares about nasciturus.
580. National currency: That which is issued as money under the sanction
of the nation. Example: in Perú the national currency is called sol.
581. National domain: The public lands of the united States which are owned
by the national government.
Example: Puerto Rico is part of the national domain of the us.

582. Native: Noun: a person born within the jurisdiction.
Example: all the babies that born in front of the Peruvian sea are native of that
country.
583. Natural causes: Causes arising from the elements. Causes arising in
the course of nature, not produced by man.
Example: Rodolfo's death was identified like natural cause.
584. Natural death: A death occurring other than through external violence
or human agency.
Example: car crashes are not defined like natural death.
585. Negative prescription: The loss or forfeiture of a right, by the
proprietor's neglecting to exercise or prosecute it during the whole period which
the law hath declared to be sufficient to infer the loss of it.
Example: the negative prescription has established a punishment in the time.
586. Negligence: A word of broad significance which may not readily be
defined with accuracy.
Example: Bolivian doctor has found guilty of negligence last week.
587. Negotiable: Having the quality and requisites of negotiability.
Example: i will give you a negotiable bilí for your concern.
588. Negotiator: One who negotiates for the purpose of entering into a
contract or agreement, sometimes one who specializes in conducting
negotiations for others for the same purpose.
Example: i would like to work as a negotiator.
INGLES II 65
589. Nepotism: The appointment to public office or public position of a person

related within a degree prescribed by statute to the appointing officer or his
associate m office.
Example: the mayor of Cusco has been prosecuted as an executor of nepotism.
590. Nervous disorder: An affliction of the nervous system.
Example: most of the crimináis are affected by some class of nervous disorder.
591. New trial: A re-examination of an issue of fact by the trial court with a
view to correcting errors which have occurred in the course of the former trial.
Example: lawyers always plea for a new trial.
592. Nickname: Literally, a nicked ñame, a ñame snipped or whittled. A ñame
applied to a person other than his true ñame, sometimes as a joke or in derision,
at other times as a term of affection.
Example: almost all the burglars have nicknames.
593. No damage clause: A provisión in a contract precluding claims for
damages due to delay in performance.
Example: José has claimed for a no damage clause in his trial.
594. No eyewitness rule: The rule that where there was no eyewitness to a
fatal accident, the presumption, or at least the inference, is, that, in the absence
of circumstances indicating clearly to the contrary, the decedent exercised
ordinary care for his own safety.
Example: the judge has established that the accident will not found guilty peple
because of the already existing no eyewitness rule.
595. Nomen generale: A general ñame; the ñame of a genus.
Example: Cario was asked for his nomen generale at the trial.
596. Nomen juris: A ñame or word of law; a law term.
Example: the nomen iuris is only handled by lawyers.
597. Non bis in idem: Not twice for the same
Example: Rodrigo asked for the non bis in idem in his case of traffic offense.
598. Non constat: It is not certain; it does not appear.
Example: the last actress disappear is a non constat event.
599. Non-functional: Lacking in usefulness.
Example: some appeals are non-funtional tools in real life.
INGLES II 66
600. Nonjurable: Incapable of taking an oath.

Example: chínese citizens are nonjurable people
601. Nonmoral: Having no connection with morality or moráis: Example: the
rapists are nonmoral offenders.
602. Nonsense: Unintelligible matter which is contained in a writing.
Example: last night rain made my letter a nonsense one.
603. Nonwhite: A person not of the white race, such as a mongolian or negro.
Example: witnesses described a nonwhite robber tonight.
604. Notarius: In oíd english law, a notary or conveyancer. (román law.) A
rapid writer; a short-hand writer; an amanuensis.
Example: some people want to become a notarius.
605. Notation: A writing appearing upon an instrument but not in the regular
formal order of the instrument.
Example: i could found the notation on your papers.
606. Notice of appeal: The method of initiating a proceeding for appellate
review, consisting of a notice as provided by statute, designating the court to
which an appeal is taken, the judgment, order, or decree to be reviewed, stating
the relief sought on appeal, the parties appealing, and the parties against whom
relief is sought on appeal, such notice to be served and filed in accordance with
statutory requirements.
Example: saturday has arrived the notice of appeal that we have processed.
607. Notation: A writing appearing upon an instrument but not in the regular
formal order of the instrument.
Example: i could found the notation on your papers.
608. Notice of arrival: A notice given by a common carrier to the consignee
of a shipment of goods of the arrival of the goods at their destination.
Example: the vessel has sent the notice of arrival last night.
609. Notice of claim: A notice of claim for damages against a municipal
Corporation or other public body asserted for tortious injury to person or
property, required by statute as a condition precedent to an action at law to
recover on such claim.
Example: Fernando discharged a notice of claim against the lima city.
INGLES II 67
610. Notified: Having been given notice. In legal proceedings and in respect
to public matters, the word is generally if not universally used as importing a
notice given by some person whose duty it was to give it, in some manner
prescribed, and to some person entitled to receive it, or be notified.
Example: you should reply a sue when you get notified.
611. Not proven: A form of scotch verdict which acquitted the defendant of
the charge against him, but left a suspicion upon him.
Example: jury has determínate that Carlos charges are not proven at the end.
612. Novation: The extinguishment of one obligation by another, a concept
of the civil law introduced into common-law jurisprudence.
Example: another useful institution is the novation for the civil law matters.
613. Novel case: A case for which no precedent can be found. Example: the
sicarios are a novel case in France.
614. Novelty: An essential requisite of the patentability of an invention or
discovery.
Example: novelty is a requirement of author rights.
615. Nubile: Of sufficient age and physical development for marriage.
Example: jungle girls a nubile very young.
616. Nuda: Nude; bare; mere; naked; unclothed.
Example: vessel also carries nuda packages.
617. Nudity: The unclothed State of a human being.
Example: Peruvian society do not allow nudity in the beaches.
618. Nuisance: Anything that works hurt, inconvenience, or damage to
another. Example: i know it’s a nuisance for you to carry it, but it's important to
me.
619. Nullity: Something without legal effect, being nuil. A proceeding of no
effect whatsoever because of a defect therein.
Example: after all the procedure has become in nullity.
620. Nullius juris: Of no legal effect; without support in law.
Example: adultery is a nullius juris offense nowadays.
621. Nul waste. No waste, a ñame given to the general issue in an action for
waste. Example: mining corporations were not able to get a nul waste veredict.
INGLES II 68
622. Nuptias non concubitus, sed consensus facit: Not cohabitation, but
consent, makes a marriage.
Example: Peruvian customs allow the concept of nuptias non concubitus, sed
consensus facit.
623. Nursery: A room or apartment in a dwelling house set aside as a place
for the care of an infant and as his place for sleeping; a room or apartment in a
dwelling house set aside especially for the children of the family as a playroom
or as living quarters for them. A place where trees, shrubs, plants, and so forth,
are propagated from seed or otherwise for transplanting, for use as stock for
grafting, and for sale.
Example: one of the most interesting jobs is the nursery.
624. Nymphomania: A morbid, uncontrollable sexual desire, but not insanity.
A species of insanity or mental disease manifested in a morbid activity of the
sexual propensity, sometimes amounting to irresistible impulse to perform the
sexual act.
Example: in the hope of curing her nymphomania and herfear of the sun, she
is undergoing psychotherapy.
625. Obedience: execution of the will of who gives the orders, in the level
of your competence or jurisdiction. Compliance, subjugation, submission,
fulfillment of an order, law or other imperative precept, either by the
conscience of duty or by moral coerción that punishment, in the face of
passivity or rebellion, causes.
Example: we obey the laws of the State.
626. Objection: Mechanism for exercising the right of contradiction in the
oral trial, in order to avoid defects that distort evidentiary activity, in its scope
and contení and/or that ultimately allow such activity to deviate into irrelevant
or inconsequential topics or discussions.
Example: Objection!! Mister Judge, the prosecutor cannot ask that question.
627. Object (Objection): action to oppose a reason against something.
Example: Objection!! Declare by the witness.
INGLES II 69
628. Object: everything that has a sensitive existence; what human senses
can perceive. Especially matter; and even more so if it's furniture. End,
purpose, endeavor, purpose, objective.
Example: theft is the appropriation of a movable thing that is valued in money.
629. Objection overruled: Decisión of the court ratifying the act or omission
of the opposing party.
Example: The court or judge can make a decisión regarding the absence of
one of the parties.
Objection sustained: Decisión of the court ratifying the act or omission of
the opposing party.
Example: The court must make decisions regarding the omission of either
party.
630. Obligation: Legal, voluntary or indeed linking an action or omission.
more subject to the legal classification: the right link by the cul one is
constrained to another to give, do or not do something.
Example: obligation to perform compulsory military Service.
631. Obligations: The family that one supports. More especially, the one
formed by the woman, the children and other relatives in charge of the head
of the family.
Example: everyone has an obligation to comply with their children.
632. Obliged: as a debtor, in the broad sense of a taxable person of an
obligation.
Example: I have an outstanding debt to meet.
633. Obscenity: impudoer. Lewd. offense to morality as far as sex and
sensuality are concerned, obscene thing; whether said or done.
Example: Obscenity in the Street, transport or any other place, is considered a
crime against modesty.
634. Observance: faithful execution of the command by superior, ordered
by authority or imposed by law. Subordinaron to bosses and older.
Example: Authority must be ordered and regulated by observance of the law.
635. Obstruction: impediment to action or function. Obstacle that prevenís
the circulation or the course of something.
INGLES II 70
Example: The trial process must proceed impartially and without obstruction.
636. Obstruct: Prevent or hinder an action.
Example: No official should obstruct justice
637. Occultation: Concealment, cover-up, concealment. Silence;
reservation of what could or should be manifested.
Example: The official and any natural person must not occultation necessary
information.
638. Ocultattion of goods: implies the abduction of the possibility of
knowledge of interested third parties, in order to avoid, in an ilicitatic way, the
recovery by their legitímate owners or the payment of debts that such assets
would guarantee.
Example: It is an ¡Ilegal act the Ocultattion of goods as objects and among
other goods.
639. Of lawyer: Phrase commonly applied to an attorney employed to
particípate in the preparation or administration of the case, or its filing on
appeal, but who is not the lead attorney of one of the parties.
Example: The of lawyer phrase is used in court to speak or respond to the
judge.
640. Offender: offender, the active subject of a crime or misdemeanor, as
an author, accomplice or cover-up. Is the subject who intentionally does what
the ordinary law forbids or omits in it, provided that such action or omosion is
punishable by law.
Example: The offender was found robbing the pharmacy a second time.
641. Offense: action or effect of offending. An act that violates the law.
Example: Julio committed an offense by attacking Juana.
642. Offensive words: Language they offend; complacent or annoying
language.
Example: Alex spoke offensive words to María that affected her
psychologically.
643. Offer of proof: Presentation of evidence to the court (without the
presence of the jury) for the court to decide whether the evidence is
admissible.
INGLES II 71
Example: The parties can present all the evidences that they consider
corresponding, but the judge will be the only one to take the decisión to
declare admissible or not.
644. Obligation: Legal, voluntary or indeed linking an action or omission.
more subject to the legal classification: the right link by the cul one is
constrained to another to give, do or not do something.
Example: obligation to perform compulsory military Service.
645. Obligations: The family that one supports. More especially, the one
formed by the woman, the children and other relatives in charge of the head
of the family.
Example: everyone has an obligation to comply with their children.
646. Obliged: as a debtor, in the broad sense of a taxable person of an
obligation.
Example: I have an outstanding debt to meet.
647. Obscenity: impudoer. Lewd. offense to morality as far as sex and
sensuality are concerned, obscene thing; whether said or done.
Example: Obscenity in the Street, transport or any other place, is considered a
crime against modesty.
648. Observance: faithful execution of the command by superior, ordered
by authority or imposed by law. Subordination to bosses and older.
Example: Authority must be ordered and regulated by observance of the law.
649. Obstruction: impediment to action or function. Obstacle that prevenís
the circulation or the course of something.
Example: The trial process must proceed impartially and without obstruction.
650. Obstruct: Prevent or hinder an action.
Example: No official should obstruct justice
651. Outrage: Incurring outrage by word or deed.
Example: The criminal went to prison for a long time for insulting a minor.
652. Occultation: Concealment, cover-up, concealment. Silence;
reservation of what could or should be manifested.
Example: The official and any natural person must not occultation necessary
information.
INGLES II 72
653. Ocultattion of goods: implies the abduction of the possibility of

knowledge of interested third parties, in order to avoid, in an ilicitatic way, the
recovery by their legitímate owners or the payment of debts that such assets
would guarantee.
Example: It is an ¡Ilegal act the Ocultattion of goods as objects and among
other goods.
654. Of lawyer: Phrase commonly applied to an attorney employed to
particípate in the preparation or administration of the case, or its filing on
appeal, but who is not the lead attorney of one of the parties.
Example: The of lawyer phrase is used in court to speak or respond to the
judge.
655. Offender: offender, the active subject of a crime or misdemeanor, as
an author, accomplice or cover-up. Is the subject who intentionally does what
the ordinary law forbids or omits in it, provided that such action or omosion is
punishable by law.
Example: The offender was found robbing the pharmacy a second time.
656. Offense: action or effect of offending. An act that violates the law.
Example: Julio committed an offense by attacking Juana.
657. Offensive words: Language they offend; complacent or annoying
language.
Example: Alex spoke offensive words to María that affected her
psychologically.
658. Offer of proof: Presentation of evidence to the court (without the
presence of the jury) for the court to decide whether the evidence is
admissible.
Example: The parties can present all the evidences that they consider
corresponding, but the judge will be the only one to take the decisión to
declare admissible or not.
659. Order: it is a mándate or order of payment given documentary by a
person-notebook: notebook in which certain annootations are made
Example: he tossed the ppab on the table.
INGLES II 73
660. Operative law: it is said of the nrm that legislates on matter not included
in the table of the autonomy of the will.
661. Official: ex officio, coming from an authority, in the exercise of its
powers, and as opposed to the prívate or prívate. Sometí mes it is used as
unofficial.
Example: The official must make good use of his position.
662. Offer payment: one of the ways that facilítate and announce the
expiration of obligations and by the most natural way: the execution of what is
due or pending compliance, at the initiative of the obligor.
Example: The debtor, when having a debt, must present a debt offer payment
so as not to delay the installment.
663. Offer trial: procedural act by which the parties declare that they will be
the evidence that they used them to substantiate their claims.
Example: The offer trial of will be presented by the parties before the
competent court as evidence.
664. Omission: abstaining from doing; inactivity, stillness.
Abstention from saying or declaring, silence, reservation; concealment.
Example: The attorney should not omission anything when in court and must
not present false evidence or testimony.
665. One third the midterm rule: The rule that limits the sentence of a
person when that person has been convicted of múltiple crimes.
Example: If a person has been sentenced several times, the sentence will be
limited.
666. On a person's own recognizance: Freedom of a person in custody
without the payment of bail, under the promise to return to court.
Example: The detained person has the recognition of not paying the bond if
he returns voluntarily to the court.
667. Onerous: What supposes lien, load or obligation. Commutative or
reciprocal performance.
Example: The contract was onerous.
INGLES II 74
668. Order: Situation or State of normality or correct functioning of

something, especially harmony in human relationships within a community. It
is an imperative mándate or instruction, of obligatory fulfillment.
Example: The State maintains order through the laws it raises and issues.
669. Organization: social group, structured for a purpose. set of personal,
real and ideal elements, establishments, implementation or institution of
something.
Example: The organization social, political, religious,etc, has the same rights
but its purpose is different.
670. Organization criminal: the clandestine association that provides the
means to opérate with the greatest impunity and the máximum benefit for its
components.
Example: The criminal organization is punished according to the Penal Code.
671. Oral: word, life voice.
Example: Lawyers must argüe orally.
672. Oral argument: The part of a trial when lawyers summarize their
position in court and also answer the judge's questions.
Example: My mom's lawyer has very good arguments when asked by the
judge.
673. Order to show cause: Court order ordering a person to appear in court
to explain to the judge why they did not obey the rules.
Example: The plaintiff filed an order to show cause why he did not appear in
court.
674. Order court: Decisión of a court judge and a court directive.
Example: The court judge made a decisión on my case.
675. Ordinary negligence: Do not use the necessary care that an ordinary
or reasonably prudent person would have used under such circumstances
and for which the person is responsible negligence.
Example: Judicial workers did not take care of the defendant and he was
injured.
INGLES II 75
676. Ordinance: Mándate, provisión, mandatory precept. Statute for the

military regime and for the government of cities, corporations, unions or
communities.
Example: The municipalities present their ¡nternal ordinances.
677. Original jurisdiction: The court in which a case must be brought first.
Example: Mario filed his habeas corpus in the constitutional court.
678. Opening argument: The initial statement made by the lawyers of each
of the parties, summarizing the facts that each one intends to establish during
the trial
Example: The lawyers begin the process with the initial Opening argument of
the claim.
679. Opening statement: It is the manifestation that we make of our
heritage, under protest to tell the truth, in compliance with the provisions of
the law.
Example: Juan is filling out his initial patrimonial declaration.
680. Ope legis: by law, by virtue of it.
Example: every act must act under the law.
681. Oppression: subjection, rigorous command, tyranny and affliction.
Example: Workers were formerly oppressed.
682. Office: Apply to judicial work related to motions and other procedures
that the judge he does not solve in open court, but on camera, that is, in his
office. Example: Lawyer's office.
683. Opinión: Seem, concept, judgment, opinión on something or matter.
In law, it is one of the Sciences most uniquely seen in the theory of the
sources of this, one or the other of these denominations is given to the
different opinions, decisions or currents of the thinking of the theorists or
practitioners of law, about the dubious cases that arise in the laws and the
lack of them.
Example: The jurisconsultores raise opinions of the raised laws.
684. Opinión of evidence:
Witnesses are normally required to limit their testimony to statements of fact
INGLES II 76
and are not allowed to give their opinions ¡n court. However, if a witness is
qualified as an expert in a particular area, he may be allowed to indícate his
opinión as an expert based on certain facts.
Example: July has been chosen as a witness in court, therefore he must tell
the truth.
685. Opposition: impediments, hindrance, obstacle. Argumentation or
reasoning against. Contest or competition, which determines exclusions or
preferences, among the suitors or applicants to a chair, privilege, position or
destination, through acts or exercises that demónstrate the knowledge, skills
and merits to achieve what is intended.
Example: Yesterday the lawyer presented a brief in opposition to the lawsuit.
686. Overrule: A judge's decisión not to allow an objection. A decisión or
determination by a higher court determining that the lower court's decisión
was wrong.
Example: Poorly filed lawsuits are overrule.
687. Overruled: Verb overrule
Example: My claim was overruled by the judge.
688. Overt act: An act that shows the intent to commit a crime.
Example: the lord intended to harm his wife.
689. Outlaw: Person who has been expelled from his homeland or
environment, especially for political reasons.
Example: The militant was outlaw.
690. Orfeiture: Loss of ownership of property through legal prohibition of its
possession.
Example: In Tacna there is a vehicle loaded with 50 refrigerators and it will be
confiscated until the owner appears.
691. Offspring: Set of children, grandchildren and other successive
generations by a straight line.
Example: Osvaldo is Javier's grandfather and, therefore, one of his ancestors.
But Osvaldo is a descendant of Rubén, his father. This means that Osvaldo,
like all people, occupies the place of ascendant and descendant according to
the case.
INGLES II 77
692. Official language: language to which the legal system declares or

recognizes as characteristic of a certain territory.
693. Passive classes: This ñame is given to the group of individuáis who
depend on the Public Treasury to collect from it a certain amount as
unemployment, retirement, invalidity, pensión or retirement.
694. Puncture injuries: on produced by alemnts that have a point and at
least one adge
695. Profit: profit from an investment or any commercial act.
Example: profit produced by capital.
696. Prívate document: Document authorized by the interested parties -not
by a competent official that constitutes evidence against the person writing it or
his heirs.
Example: I am going to ask you to leave this document since only authorized
personnel have Axeso.
697. Parental leave: parental authorization.
698. Physical damage : Any trauma, injury or non-accidental condition,
including that lack of food that, if not attended, could result in death,
disfigurement, temporary or permanent illness or disability of any part or
function ofthebody, including lack offood.
Example: Juan hits Gabriel and leaves him seriously injured.
699. Pólice complaint: (Criminal procedural law) Act by which the pólice
authority is informed of the commission of a criminal act, requiring its
intervention.
Example: Go to the pólice authority to inform about a robbery
700. Pander: Facilítate acts of prostitution.
Example: The pander facilitates the trafficking of children.
701. Pardon: When the head of the government of a State or country
releases a convicted person from the punishment given by a court ruling.
Example: The president issues the pardon.
702. Part: portion of something. Fragment, fraction, chunk. Specific or
special quantity of a large gender or aggregate.
Example: In the inheritance all the children receive their parts as stated by the
INGLES II 78
deceased.
703. Paralegal: A person with legal skills, but who is not a lawyer, who
works under the supervisión of an attorney or who is authorized by law to use
those legal skills.
Example: The paralegal provided me with the documents of my contract.
704. Parens patriae: The power of the State to act in the place of parents to
protect a child or their property
Example: The State protects children and adolescents in neglect and
abandonment by parents.
705. Parole: Supervised release of an inmate who allows him to serve the
rest of the sentence out of prison if all conditions of liberty are satisfied.
Example: Mario was released from prison on parole.
706. Parole evidence: Oral or verbal evidence instead of written evidence.
The Rules of the Probation Evidence limit the admissibility of evidence that
directly contradicts the clear meaning of the terms of a written contract.
Example: The attorney presented evidence for his client's parole.
707. Patent: The procedure by which the government guarantees an
inventor the exclusive right to make or sell his invention for a term of years.
Example: My product has the patent legalized by the State.
708. Paternity: The biological determination of who a child's parents are.
Example: Parents have rights and obligations to children.
709. Parricide: Strictly, the criminal death given to the father.
Example: Her son committed parricide just for the money.
710. Pederast: Who commits child abuse. More properly said, it indicates
physical lover of children, dishonest abuse committed against them.
Example: A pederast abused 5 children in Lima.
711. Penalty: Punishment for breaking the law.
Example: He was penalty to 15 years
712. Penal: including or imposing a penalty, such as criminal code or other
criminal law. Criminal or criminal law.
Example: The penal code is a sanction for breaches of the law.
INGLES II 79
713. Pensión: Sum of money that a person receives for their food and
subsistence. Periodic, monthly or annual amount that the State grants to
certain people for merit or Services of their own or of someone in their family.
Example: She initiated a judicial process against her ex-partner for pensión
food for her son.
714. Pending: The status of a case that is not resolved by the court or
tribunal.
Example: My court case is still waiting until the fortnight of the month.
715. Penitentiary: Prison establishment in which the prisoners suffer
sentences higher than arrest imposed by the courts.
Example: Luis is in the penitentiary serving his sentence
716. Perjury penalti: Circumstances in which a person takes an oath that
will testify, testify, depose or truly certify
Example: The witness is obliged to tell the truth before the judge and not
perform perjury.
717. Peremptory challenge: The right to challenge a jury without
presenting a reason for the challenge.
Example: the lawyer peremptorily challenge the court.
718. Perjury: False statement made on purpose while under oath in court
proceedings.
Example: The witness performed perjury for what will be sanctioned for his
infraction.
719. Permanent resident: A person who lives at an address for a space of
time indicating that this is his address or official residence.
Example: The plaintiff must present in his brief a permanent residence for the
notifications.
720. Personal property: Objects that without any alteration can be
transferred from one part to another.
Example: I made a personal property contract with a friend.
721. People: In Public Law, the word is used as equivalent to that of
foreigners.
Example: in ancient Rome tourists were known as people.
INGLES II 80
722. Personal representativa: A person chosen by the court to collect,

manage, and distribute a person's property (estate) when that person dies. If
named in a will, that person's title is an albacea. If there is no valid will, that
person's title is administrator.
Example: Mateo was chosen as personal representative on Juan's will.
723. Pensión legacy: this type of compulsory legacy imposes on the
taxpayer the duty of a periodic benefit in favor of the legatee.
724. Position: Responsibility attributed to someone. Dignity, employment or
trade conferred by the power to exercise a certain public function and to
receive, where appropriate, certain rights.
725. Peril: It is a situation that produces a level of threat to life, health,
property or the environment. It is characterized by the viability of occurrence
of a potentially harmful incident, that is, an event capable of creating damage
to protected legal assets.
Example: His house is in peril of foreclosure.
726. Percussion: Meaning of Percussion in the legal and economic sphere,
also applicable in international law: The fall of the tax on the taxable person.
That is, about the person who has the legal obligation to pay it.
Example: He has a percussion with me.
727. Permission: License, authorization, consent to do or say. Vacation or
justification of absence of an activity.
Example: The lawyer asked the judge for permission to present evidence.
728. Perpetrate: Perpetrating refers to the act of carrying out or carrying out
something that constitutes a crime, generally serious.
Example: The thief perpetrated an institution.
729. Petition: Demand. Request. Instance. Petition. Order. Vote. Writing in
which a judge or court is legally asked for something.
Example: I made my petition for a name change to the competent judge
730. Plaintiff: The person or company filing a lawsuit or litigation.
Example: The judge believes that the plaintiff is right.
731. Plea: In a criminal case, the statement in which the defendant pleads
"guilty" or "not guilty" in response to the charges.
INGLES II 81
Example: The defendant plead not guilty.

732. Possession of drugs: The presence of drugs in the accused for
recreational use or for the purpose of selling.
Example: He was found in possession of drugs in his home.
733. Postpone: Delay a court hearing.
Example: The judge postpone the trial.
734. Possession: Strictly, the factual power and the right over a material
thing, constituted by an intentional element or animus and a physical element
or corpus.
Example: That tree is in my possession.
735. Presumption: Guess. Assumption. Indication. Signal. Suspicion .
Inference that the court draws from the facts of the case, reaching from what
has been proven to affirm the veracity of probable or unknown. Example: The
presumption of the death of a lost person.
736. Presumed: That his guilt is assumed or suspected, although it has not
been proven.
Example: He was convicted as an presumed culprit.
737. Precedent: A legal decisión made in an earlier case that the court
uses to decide new or similar cases.
Example: The judge took as a legal basis a precedent to make a decisión.
738. Prejudice: When an act or decisión affects a person's rights in a
negative way.
Example: The decisión of the authority generated a prejudice.
739. Preliminary hearing: Hearing available to a person charged with a
felony to determine whether there is sufficient evidence (probable cause) for a
trial.
Example: The accused will be placed on a preliminary hearing to see if there
is sufficient evidence for his accusation.
740. Presentation: Declaration or document issued by a grand jury that
makes a neutral report or notes misdeeds of officials with specific public
responsibilities. It usually does not inelude a formal crime charge. A
presentation is different from an acussation.
INGLES II 82
Example: The lawyer ¡ssues the document of judicial presentaron to the

judge.
741. Pretensión: General request. Real or illusory right that is alleged to
obtain something or to exercise a legal title.
Example: Luisa presented her pretensión before the court.
742. Principal: The source of authority or law.
Example: The judge is the authority principal in the court.
743. Prisoner: Person detained for criminal suspicions, for having ordered
preventive detention against him or government. Who fulfills a custodial
sentence imposed by a final sentence in a prison establishment.
Example: He was imprisoned for the cold-blooded murder of his friend.
744. Prison: Jail or other prison establishment where those deprived of
liberty are located; either as detainees, prosecuted or convicted. Custodial
sentence longer and more severe than arrest and lower and more benign than
imprisonment.
Example: He was sent to Ancón Prison.
745. Prívate: Particular, as opposed to what has public, solemn or official
character.
Example: Property is a prívate right.
746. Privilege: Preferential legal situation in relation to others located in the
same conditions; general justice is already appreciated in this, which happens
with parliamentary privileges, necessary guarantee of the functions; Notorious
injustice is already evident, due to human and personal inequality.
Example: Congressmen and the privilege of parliamentary immunity.
747. Process: Action to proceed. Way of proceeding in justice, acting
judicial or administrativo procedures; that is to say, that is the set of acts,
proceedings and resolutions that include the initiation, instruction,
development, failure and execution in a cause.
Example: Administrativo law has its process for paperwork.
748. Prosecution: The act of prosecuting. pronouncement of the author of
the processing.
Example: The prosecution of a judicial matter must be in stages.
INGLES II 83
749. Prohibit: Negative order. Its infringement always supposes an action

against, more serious in principie than the indolent omission of a compulsory
activity. In addition to a mándate not to do, it means a prohibition or
impediment in general.
Example: The penal code prohibits acts that go against the norm.
750. Promúlgate: Solemnly post something. bring to general knowledge a
fact or provisión, disclose, spread. Solemnly publish the law or proceed with
its promulgation.
Example: The Administrative Procedure Law was promúlgate so that the
procedure will be efficient.
751. Property: In general, what belongs to us is its own, whether its material
nature or not, and legal or of another kind. One whose owner is a physical or
abstract person, or if he belongs pro undivided to some, of one or another
nature, with the most complete exercise that the laws recognize on things,
less than temporary assignments of certain powers.
Example: Maria's property is now on trial.
752. Providence: prevention, preparation of what is necessary or
conducive to an end or achievement. Measure or provisión taken to remedy a
wrong or damage.
Example: the lawyer after the judicial resolution processes secondary or
accidental petitions.
753. Proof: Demonstration of the truth of a statement, the existence of a
thing or the reality of a fact. persuasión or conviction that originates in
another, and especially in the judge or who has to decide on the doubtful or
discussed.
Example: I submitted my evidence of my lawsuit to the Lima court.
754. Punishable: deserving of punishment. Punished in law.
Example: Every ¡Ilegal act is punishable as it violates the laws.
755. Property limits: restrictions that generally fall on all assets.
756. Profit: profit from an investment or any commercial act.
Example: profit produced by capital.
757. Quaere: To query or inquire.
INGLES II 84
Example: Used in law textbooks to indícate that a point was dubious or

questionable.
758. Qualified disclaimer: A disclaimer stating that the taxpayer has no
interest.
Example: Fort he purposes of the unified federal wealth tax, on rejected
property.
759. Qualified domestic relations order: Any decree, judgment, or order
that recognizes the right of one person (the alternate payee) to participate either
totally or partially in the pension of another (the participant).
Example: The alternate payee must be a dependent child, spouse, or former
spouse of the participant. This is an exception to the erisa rule, proscribing the
assignment of plan benefits.
760. Quantum: An amount; the necessary or desired portion.
Example: The required or needed amount or share.
761. Quantum meruit: Equitable formula to determine how much to give
someone.
Example: When godos or services have been provided to another who has not
paid, based on the fair value of the godos or services. The equitable principle
that someone who has received the benefit of a negotiation should not be
unjustly enriched.
762. Quantum valebant: The reasonable worth of goods or services, used to
compute fair and reasonable damages; the market value.
Example: A commonlaw action of assumpsit for items sold and delivered, in
order to recover proper and appropriate payment for same.
763. Quare clausum fregit: An early form of trespass onto someone else’s
land, whether or not that land actually had a physical fence around it. The
plaintiff would argue that because the defendant had broken the boundary "with
force and arms,” the former was due damages.
Example: Damage to private property.
764. Quash: To suppress a legal document, particularly a subpoena, for
reasons based on defect in manner of service or for other procedural or
substantive reasons that invalidate the document; to void or terminate.
INGLES II 85
Example: To vacate a judicial decisión. To suppress, as in quashing an uprising

or revolt.
765. Quasi contracts: See contract
Example: Food demand.
766. Quasi criminal: A proceeding similar in nature to a criminal trial in that
the defendant, if he loses, will be subject to penalties such as fine, loss of job,
or confinement, yet it is not a criminal trial presided over by a judge.
Example: A parole hearing or a probation hearing are two examples of such.
767. Question of fact: An issue in dispute that is left to the jury to resolve,
because it is not clearly covered by any law.
Example: A judge then rules on what the law says must be done. Questions of
fact are usually decided in lower courts rather than on appeal. See also fact-
finder.
768. Question of law: The legal significance of the question of fact; a
disputed legal question, left to a judge to determine.
Example: Appellate courts usually make their determinations based upon
questions of law rather than questions of fact.
769. Quia timet: A legal remedy sought in an equity court to enjoin someone
from doing an anticipated damage. Such a remedy may be granted if the
petitioner can show imminent and irreparable harm would be done.
Example: Caution.
770. Quid pro quo: Something exchanged for another thing of approximately
equal valué, not necessarily in a monetary sense.
Example: Food barter.
771. Quiet enjoyment: To have the undisturbed use or possession of
something, particularly conveyed or leased property.
Example: Often expressed in a lease by a covenant of quiet enjoyment. See
also eviction.
772. Quit: To leave.
Example: Surrender possession.
INGLES II 86
773. Qui tam: An action that grants the plaintiff a portion of the recovered
penalty and gives the rest of it to the State. The plaintiff is said to be suing for
the State as well as his or herself.
Example: Damage compensation.
774. Quitclaim: A formal renouncement of one’s right to or interest in
something. See also deed.
Example: Give up a legal act.
775. Quitclaim deed: An instrument which transfers all of the right.
Example: Title and interest that the conveyor has in a piece of property, but with
no warranty or assurances that the conveyor has good and legal title; risk of
liens or encumbrances pass to the transferee.
776. Quorum: The number of persons who must be present in a group for
official action to be taken.
Example: A “quorum” of the board of directors must be present in order to take
a vote; the number of individuáis constituting a quorum may vary from body to
body.
777. Quotient verdict: An improper verdict that a jury may arrive at by taking
the arithmetic mean of what each juror believes to be an appropriate award.
Example: Resolution of a procedural order.
778. Quo warranto: A common law writ inquiring into the authority by which
a public official claims his/her office.
Example: A State action with the intent of revoking the charter of a Corporation
that has abused or for a long period failed to exercise its franchise
779. Racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations act: This law,
enacted in 1970, is designed to fight activity by organized crime and to preserve
the integrity of the interstate and international marketplace by investigating and
prosecuting individuáis conspiring to particípate or actually participating in
racketeering.
Example: Organized crime.
780. Racketeering: A system of organized criminal extortion of money or
favors from businesses through the use of violence, intimidating, or other ¡Ilegal
means; a pattern of ¡Ilegal activity carried out by a criminal group or syndicate.
INGLES II 87
Example: Including but not limited to fraud, murder, extortion, and bribery. See
also bribe, bribery, extort, extortion, and fraud.
781. Ransom: The money paid to secure the release of a person held captive.
Example: Whether as a result of having been kidnapped or captured in some
other way; the release of a captured person in exchange for money or other
consideration. To gain the release of a captive by paying the price demanded;
to hold a person captive and insist on payment as the condition of release.
782. Rap sheet: Slang. A person’s criminal record.
Example: To apply to a work.
783. Ratable: Taxable property; a ratable distribution is a pro rata share of
the assets of a bankruptcy.
Example: Property capable of being appraised or distributed.
784. Ratification: Affirmation or approval.
Example: Adoption of an action that was done on one’s behalf and treating that
action as if it had been authorized by that person before the fact of it having
been done. By ratifying an act or action, a person becomes responsible for the
consequences of that act or action. Ratification by a two-thirds vote of congress
is needed to propose a constitutional amendment, which must then be ratified
by three fourths of the States for it to take effect.
785. Ratify: To affirm or approve, usually after the fact.
Example: Resolution.
786. Repeal: Abolition, annulment of a law, regulation, etc.
Example: If the repeal of the rule is confirmed, hundreds of companies could
settle in the area that is currently closed.
787. Ratio decidende: The reason for deciding.
Example: The rule of law or principie on which the court’s decisión is based.
788. Rational basis test: A principie of analysis under the due process or the
equal protection clause, which may be used to either uphold or void a law based
upon the law’s serving to reasonably attain some legitímate governmental
objective.
Example: If violation of a specific right is charged, such as a restriction based
upon color, religión, and so on, the law must be tested by strict scrutiny, a more
INGLES II 88
stringent test.
789. Ravish: To take by forcé or seize is the literal meaning of the word. It is
generally synonymous with rape.
Example: Traditionally, an indictment for rape demanded inclusión of the word
ravished, which implied use of forcé and or violence by the man and resistance
by the female
790. Real estáte: Land and any permanent structures attached thereto; any
interest in same.
Example: House for rent.
791. Real evidence: Objects produced for inspection at trial. See also
evidence.
Example: Evidence of an expert.
792. Realization: A transformation of non-monetary assets into cash.
Example: A transaction such as a property sale that impacts upon the
taxpayer’s wealth to the extent that it may trigger the imposition of an income
tax. If the tax is, in fact, imposed, the transaction is said to be recognized. See
also recognition.
793. Real property: Land, including whatever is attached to its surface.
Example: Such as buildings, trees, and so on; everything beneath its surface,
such as minerals; and the air space above it. This is distinct from personal
property, which is movable. See also chattel and property.
794. Reapportionment: The altering of the boundaries of a legislative.
Example: District in order to reflect shifts in population distribution. See also
gerrymandering.
795. Reargument: The bringing of a court’s attention to some substantive
principie that was overlooked or misrepresented during the initial arguments
before that court.
Example: Usually occurring before the court reaches its decisión. See also
rehearing.
796. Reasonable doubt: The amount of doubt that would cause one to
believe that the defendant might not actually be guilty of the charged offense(s).
Example: “Beyond a reasonable doubt” is the amount of certainty that a juror
INGLES II 89
must have in order to find a criminal defendant guilty as charged. See also
moral certainty and preponderance of the evidence.
797. Reasonable man (or person): An imaginary person who is used as the
legal measuring stick against which to determine whether or not a defendant
exercised appropriate caution in an undertaking.
Example: Whether he exhibited negligence by not taking the precautions that
the hypothetical reasonable person may have taken under the given
circumstances, or by doing something that a reasonable person would not have
done.
798. Reasonable time: The subjectively determined amount of time that
should be needed to complete what a contract requires to be done.
Example: How long needed.
799. Rebutter: Someone who rebuts.
Example: A common law defendant’s pleading in response to the plaintiff’s
surrejoinder.
800. Recall: A removal of a public official from office by means of a popular
vote to prematurely end his or her term of Service.
Example: A product manufacturer’s requesting the public to return faulty

producís for replacement or repair, required by the consumer safety act.
801. Receiver: A disinterested party chosen by a Corporation or by a court to
collect and protect property that is the subject of diverse claims. A receiver is
often appointed in proceedings concerning insolvency.
Example: In criminal law, a receiver is one who accepts or obtains possession
of goods that are known to be stolen, and as such is in turn a violator of the law.
See also liquídate and fence.
802. Receivership: The situation of being in the control of a receiver;
functioning as a corporate- or court-appointed receiver.
Example: The proceeding at which a receiver is appointed by the court. See
also bankruptcy.
803. Recidivist: One who commits a second (or higher numbered) crime; a
repeat ofender.
Example: A habitual criminal. Such a person is usually subject to extended
INGLES II 90
confinement under habitual criminal statutes. See also criminal.

804. Reciprocal agreement: Obligations assumed and imposed by two
parties as mutual and conditional upon the other party assuming same
obgliations.
Example: Legal act.
805. Reciprocal wills: Wills prepared and signed cióse in time, with mutual
and interchangeable bequests.
Example: Generally between spouses.
806. Reciprocity: An agreement or relationship between States, or localities,
where special advantages are bestowed upon citizens of a by b ¡n exchange
for similar advantages being bestowed on citizens of b by a.
Example: State a may allow attorneys who are properly licensed in State b to
become licensed in State a without taking a bar examination, if State b affords
the same privilege to lawyers who are properly licensed in State a.
807. Recital: Formal statement(s) in a written document that sets forth certain
facts that form a basis or reason for the agreement or transaction which follows.
Example: Generally prefaced with the term “whereas,” as in “whereas, the
parties intend by this agreement to set forth their agreement to divide all their
marital property in anticipation of divorce
808. Reckless disregard: An act of proceeding to do something with a
conscious awareness of danger, while ignoring any potential consequences of
so doing. Reckless disregard, while not necessarily suggesting an intent to
cause harm, is a harsher condition than ordinary negligence.
Example: Proving a defendant’s “reckless disregard for the truth” is the
standard for success of a plaintiff in a suit for libel.
809. Recognition: Acknowledgement that something was authorized to be
done; the acknowledgement of someone’s or something’s rank or status.
Example: Especially the diplomatic recognition of another country; a subjecting
to income tax, under the federal income tax laws. See also realization.
810. Recognizance: A bond made to a court, and recorded, of an obligation
to do something, which if the person so bound fails to do will require the
payment of a preset sum of money.
INGLES II 91
Example: Most often, a recognizance is in the form of a bail bond that

guarantees an unimprisoned criminal defendant’s appearancefortrial. See also
bail, bond, and release on own recognizance.
811. Record: A documentaron of things past in writing; often the exact history
of a legal proceeding.
Example: Information stored in electronic form on some médium such as
Computer drive, cd, or dvd; the official transcript of a trial or proceeding that
contains its word-by-word documentaron.
812. Recording acts: Statutes that affect the recording of deeds or other
interests in real property.
Example: They are designed to protect bona fide owners from previous
unrecorded interests.
813. Record owner: The owner of real property and stocks, bonds, and other.
Example: Financial instruments as shown by public records.
814. Recoupment: A recovery of expenses; a reduction or withholding for
legitímate reasons, of part or all of an owed amount.
Example: A defendant’s right to have part of the plaintiff’s claim reduced as the
result of a breach of contract by same in the course of the same deai.
815. Recourse: A course of action for enforcing a claim; the right of the holder
of a note to demand full payment of that note if the terms are not fully honored.
Example: The right to be repaid from the borrower’s or cosigner’s personal
assets in excess of the collateral.
816. Recoven To get back the full or an equivalent amount; to obtain through
a legal judgment.
Example: To be awarded damages.
817. Recovery: The getting back of something that was taken away; the
amount awarded by a decree or judgment.
Example: The establishment by a court of a right to something by decree or
judgment of a court.
818. Recusal: Backing out
Example: Ajudge’s removing him- or herself from a trial or hearing, because of
bias, prejudice, or an interest in the matter being decided.
INGLES II 92
819. Recuse: To remove as a judge from a trial or hearing, because of bias,

prejudice, or an interest in the matter being decided.
Example: To object to or challenge the qualifications of a judge to hear a case
due to a possible conflict of interest.
820. Roads: Administrative Service that is responsible for the construction,
maintenance and policing of public Communications roads.
Example: The council is planning the feasibility of the course.

821. Recklessly: A person acts recklessly with respect to a result or to a
circumstance described by a statute defining an offense when slhe is aware of
and consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such result
will occur or that such circumstance exists. The risk must be of such nature and
degree that disregard thereof constitutes gross deviation from the standard of
conduct that a reasonable person would observe in the situation.
Example: A person who creates such a risk but is unaware thereof solely by
reason of voluntary intoxication also acts recklessly with respect thereto.
822. Reclamation plan: The applicant's written proposal for reclamation of
the affected.
Example: Written to request civil reparation.
823. Reconstruction cost: Reconstruction cost of a project or of any part
thereof means the actual and reasonable original cost to licensee of the lands
or interests in the lands of such project, or such part, less depreciation, if any,
plus the cost of reproducing the ways, means and works thereon, less the
depreciation of suc:; ways, means or works, including in such costs a
reasonable allowance for organization and development expenses, but
excluding therefrom any allowance for the license or any contract.
Example: Lease or franchise, or valué as a going concern, or future profits in
pending or existing contracts or prospective profits, revenues, dividends or any
other intangible element.
824. Record of decisión (rod): An administrative record of remedial
alternative analysis for a site, providing a clear justification of the state's choice
for the remedial alternative.
Example: Basis for a contract with the state.
INGLES II 93
825. Redemption: A reclaiming or rebuying something by virtue of paying off

a debt or settling some other predetermined condition of ownership; a buying
back of its outstanding stock by a corporate entity.
Example: The right of a debtor to buy back property from someone who bought
it at a creditor-initiated forced sale.
826. Red herring: A topic that may or may not have general significance,
factual or legal.
Example: That is of absolutely no relevance to the question or matter at hand.
827. Redlining: An unlawful discrimination in granting credit.
Example: Its practiced by some financial institutions, based upon the
prospective borrower’s living in a socalled “undesirable” or “bad” neighborhood.
828. Redress: Relief, restitution, or damages.; a way of seeking remedy once
the statute of limitations has expired.
Example: Relief, remedy, recovery, and restitution.
829. Reductio ad absurdum: Reduction to the absurd.
Example: In logic, disproving an argument by demonstrating that it leads to a
ridiculous conclusion.
830. Reentry: The resumption of possession of a parcel of land by one who
had formerly possessed it and who reserved the right to resume same when
the new holder released it.
Example: The right of a landlord to repossess a leased premises after a tenant
has defaulted on the terms of its lease.
831. Referee: A quasijudicial master appointed by a court to assist with a
specific matter.
Example: Who in certain jurisdictions is permitted to take testimony and
determine factual issues that, eventually, are reported back to the court for
judgment. See also master.
832. Referéndum: A passing of responsibility for a piece of legislation, a
constitutional amendment or some other public issue to the public at large to
vote upon.
Example: The vote in such an issue. See also initiative.
INGLES II 94
833. Reformation: A rewriting of a deed or contract that does not express

what was actually agreed upon, only when it can be demonstrated in a clear
and convincing manner that a mutual mistake was made.
Example: There will be no rewriting if the mistake was made by one party only,
unless it was caused by the other party’s
834. Refusal: Rejection of goods or denial of Services to which a person is
entitled.
Example: Not completing a contract by either nonacceptance or nonpayment
for goods or Services; a chance to accept or reject something before any one
else is offered that chance; the privilege of being afforded such a chance, also
known as the right of first refusal.
835. Regional administrator: The regional administrator of the appropriate
regional office of the federal environmental protection agency or his/her
designee.
Example: The highest ranking official in each of the ten environmental
protection agency regions.
836. Regional 'permit administrator: An employee of the department of
environmental conservation located in each of the nine regional offices of the
department of environmental conservation and designated by the commission
to act on his/her behalf in carrying.
Example: Regional permit administrators' addresses and the counties under
their jurisdiction.
837. Register: To formally enter in a public list (as in register to vote); to make
a record of (the defense registered an objection).
Example: To file a stock with the securities and exchange commission, which
is required before it can be offered for sale.
838. Registered (coupon) bond: A longterm, interest-bearing instrument, in
the form of a certifícate, issued to the public by a corporate or governmental
entity as a way to borrow money and registered on the books of the issuer. The
obligor promises to repay the money on or before a specific date and makes
regular interest payments until then.
Example: The owner of the bond is not a stockholder and has no ownership
INGLES II 95
interest in the entity, but is only a creditor and the debt is often secured by a
lien on the entity’s property. Interest is paid by redeeming a coupon.
839. Registry of inactive hazardous waste sites: The registry of inactive
hazardous waste sites must include all known or suspected hazardous waste
sites. Potential sites may be identified based upon recommendation from
counties, complaints from the public, data obtained from hazardous waste
generators and other sources.
Example: Potential sites are inspected by the department of environmental
conservation's regional.staff to determine whether there is sufficient reason to
add them to the registry. For each site Usted, a two-page summary report is
prepared, giving information about the site. Additional information may be
available in offices of the department of environmental conservaron.
840. Regulated medical waste incineration facility: An incinerator which is
operated or utilized for the disposal or treatment of regulated medical waste.
Example: May utilize high temperature thermal destruction technologies,
including combustión for the recovery of thermal valué.
841. Regulated medical waste tracking program: This program shall.
Provide for tracking of the transportaron of the waste from the generator to the
disposal facility, except that waste that is incinerated need not be tracked after
incineration.
Example: Inelude a system for providing the generator of the waste with
assurance that the waste is received by the disposal facility.
842. Regulation: A rule issued by an administrativa ageney or a local
governmental body prescribing conditions or authorizations that must be
followed by the public or by public Utilities.
Example: The process of controlling by restrictions or rules.
843. Regulatory offense: A crime that is not inherently wrong, but that is
¡Ilegal because it is prohibited by legislaron.
Example: Some examples of regulatory offenses are exceeding the speed limit;
public intoxicaron; and hunting, fishing, or driving without the appropriate
license. Also known as a statutory offense.
INGLES II 96
844. Rehabilitation: A restoration of reputation and character, the term has

many context-sensitive meanings.
Example: In penology, it is the process of improving the inmate’s character so
he will become a productive member of society. At a trial, it is the restoration of
a witness’s credibility after it has been impeached under cross examination. In
The context of bankruptcy, it is restoring a corporation’s solvency by satisfying
the creditors’ claims with future earnings, so that the Corporation may continué
to do business. See also mitigating circumstance
845. Rehearing: A second hearing or retrial before the same court that
already ruled to reconsider the issue on the grounds that there was an error or
omission during the first time around.
Example: The pleadings and evidence already introduced in the first trial will
remain in evidence.
846. Rejoinder: A pleading in common law, made by the defendant to answer
a replication by the plaintiff.
Example: Opening statements.
847. Relation back: The principie that an act committed at a later time is
considered as having occurred at the time of an earlier event.
Example: Ajudge’s application of that principie.
848. Relator: Individual who reports or gives information upon whose word
certain legal documents may be given.
Example: Fiscal assistant.
849. Relief: The remedy or damages or decisión given by the court, at the
request of one of the parties to the action.
Example: Civil repair.
850. Reléase: Freeing from an obligation or commitment. Liberating one from
a duty or claim that she could have been held legally hable for.
Example: Surrendering of a right or title. A written permission to publish or to
quote in print, given to a newspaper or book publisher by the quote’s legal
owner. A discharge from custody, confinement, or imprisonment, whether with
certain provisos or unconditionally.
INGLES II 97
851. Remediation: The corrective actions taken in the event of a release or

threatened release of a contaminant into the environment.
Example: Extortion complaint.
852. Respondent: When an appeal is brought.
Example: The person bringing the suit is the appellant and the person who is
being brought into the appeal, the person who won the judgement at the lower
level, is the respondent.
853. Responsible parties: Individuáis, companies.
Example: Site owners, operators, transporters, or generators of hazardous
waste.responsible for or contributing to contamination problems at a hazardous
waste site.
854. Restitution: The money paid to the winning party in a suit, that is meant
to compénsate for the losses or damage suffered.
Example: Civil damages compensation.
855. Retroactive: As regards law, one considered effective as of a previous
date in time.
Example: Retroactive laws to favor the accused.
856. Rights of defendant: Those powers and privileges which are
constitutionally guaranteed to every defendant.
Example: At the time of arraignment a defendant is typically informed of at least
the following: the right to remain silent; the right of an attorney at all stages of
the proceedings and the right to a court-appointed attorney if the defendant
does not have the financial means to retain his own; the right to release on
reasonable bail; the right to a speedy public trial (before a jury or a judge); the
right to the process of the court to subpoena and produce witnesses in the
defendant's own behalf and to see, hear, and question the witness appearing
before the defendant; and the right not to incrimínate him/herself.
857. Right to die: The right of a terminally ¡II person to refuse to have her or
his life extended by artificial or heroic.
Example: Often called passive eutanasia.
858. Robbery: The ¡Ilegal stealing or taking of another’s property from that
person.or another by violence or by threat of violence; aggravated larceny. The
INGLES II 98
personal threat of violence and implicit fear on the part of the victim are
essential in order to distinguish robbery from burglary.
Example: Armed robbery. Robbery committed.
859. Rod: insignia of authority that, as a kind of short cañe, are used by the
holders of some offices.
Example: like mayors
860. Release: cancellation of the debt or obligation whatever the form of
extinction.
Example: death is liberation.
861. Return: Return of something to its owner or possessor.
862. Serious: Said of crimes, punishable by death, long-term custodial
sentence or large fine. In Labor Law and referring to offenses, which allow
dismissal without compensation.
Example: You were fired for a serious offense.
863. Salable: In such a condition as to be appropriate for sale in the
marketplace for the ordinary selling price, legal to sell, and free from any
noticeable flaws. Same as merchantable
Example: this land is salable.
864. Settlement: set of the preliminary operations to the partition of an
indivisión, whatever its origin.
865. Salary: fixed n. An agreed-upon amount of money in exchange for
Services that may be set at a fixed hourly rate, but that is usually figured on a
yearly basis and does not vary with the amount of goods the employer sells.
See also commission.
Example: was juana's salary
866. Sale on approval: A transaction (usually involving goods) in which the
buyer is permitted to use goods for a period, and then return them if they do not
meet the buyer’s needs or expectation, even though the goods are not
detective. If the goods were delivered for resale, the transaction is a sale and
return or a consignment.
Example: Juan is happy for the approval sale.
INGLES II 99
867. Suspicious conduct: That of a person whose actions and actions give
genuine reason to believe that she is going to commit a crime and cannot give
a good account of herself, and is required to establish her future good conduct
in court.
868. Sale or exchange: A tax law phrase describing a voluntary exchange of
property for other property as distinct from a gift or a contribution, and for which
a federally taxable gain or loss may attach.
Example: caria does not decide if it is a sale or Exchange.
869. Sales tax: A percent of the consumer-paid sales price of certain goods
in certain States and municipalities.
Example: he has problems with sales tax.
870. Self defense: extreme circumstance by which a person is forced to
defend his integrity against unlawful aggression.
871. Sanction: A penalty imposed for violating accepted social norms. A
sanction may be civil or criminal in nature. Criminal sanctions are either fine,
imprisonment, or both.
Example: they warned him if he is late they will put a sanction on him.
872. Satisfaction: A giving of something in order to release oneself from, or
to satisfy, some outstanding obligation, be it legal or moral.
Example: the students have a satisfaction in the English course.
873. Serius injury: it is the group of modalities of the crime of injuries,
framed in crimen against people.
874. Seller: Occasionally, in the civil sale contract, the one that sells or
alienates the thing that the buyer acquires in property.
875. Sale: Alienation of a thing by price or sign that represents it. The sales
contract (v.), Considered from the seller's side
876. Scandalous matter: Immoral or indecent contení; in legal pleadings,
contení that is impertinent or highly irrelevant and therefore subject to being
stricken as improper.
Example: it is a scandalous matter that will affect you.
877. Scope of authority: In the law of agency, whatever amount of authority
an agent has been delegated or might reasonably be expected to be delegated
INGLES II 100
in order to carry out his/her principal’s business.

Example: that document is within the authority's reach.
878. Scope of employment: The complete range of activities an employee
might reasonably be expected to perform while carrying out the business of the
employer.
Example: Diego is within the scope of employment.
879. Seal: In common law, an impression in wax, wafer, or other substance
put on a document and attesting to its authenticity; a similar impression placed
over the edge of an envelope, its unbroken condition indicating that the
envelope is unopened, henee its contents are untampered with.
Example: every document has a seal
880. Sealed instrument: A document that has been signed and to which a
seal has been affixed. Under common law and by some statutes, that is
recognized as convincing evidence that the obligation on the signer is binding.
Example: sealed instrument required.
881. Sealing of records: The customary closing of criminal records of
youthful offenders, mandated in some States by law, so that they can be viewed
only by persons obtaining a court order to do so; the same as the first definition
with regard to certain other cases.
Example: Marta has to comply with the sealing of records
882. Search warrant: A written order by a judge authorizing the examination
of a specified place and the seizing of evidence found there.
Example: fundamental registration order for all procedures
883. Seasonable: In a timely manner; within the time agreed upon; within a
reasonable amount of time.
Example: how timely your comment.
884. Spokesperson: He who carries the voice or representation of another.
Therefore, the former ñame of the lawyer, as it is designated in the Headings.
Example: Mr. Jorge is the spokesperson for the people because he sends the
complaints to the municipality.
885. Secured transaction Any business transaction involving the title to
property as collateral for the borrowing of money.
INGLES II 101
Example: miracles requires a secure transaction.

886. Securities: Stocks, bonds, and the like; any instrument of secured
indebtedness or of a right to particípate in the profits or assets of a profit making
concern. Traditionally, securities have been a major area of investment and
speculation by individuáis and banks.
Example: every lawyer has to have valúes.
887. Securities acts: A federal or State law governing the issuance,
registration, offering, and trading of securities in order to protect the public by
assuring against fraudulent practices.
Example: a good education shows acts of valúes.
888. Security : Safety; the condition of being protected against harm.
Example: he demands security.
889. Security deposit: Money held by a landlord to ensure that the tenant
abides by the lease agreement and does no damage to the property above
normal-use wear.
Example: Juan asked his sister to make a security deposit.
890. Security interest: An interest in property created by the operation of law
or by agreement to repay a loan; a lien on personal property created by an
agreement.
Example: some issues have security interests.
891. Sedition: An activity or communication aimed at overthrowing
governmental authority.
Example: the sedition of this province had some consequences.
892. Seizure: n. The act of confiscating a person’s property by legal process;
a forcible taking of property into custody by a court.
Example: I order the urgent seizure.
893. Self-dealing: Participating in a transaction for one’s own personal
benefit rather than for the one owed a fiduciary duty; for example, a trustee
using property held in trust for her own benefit.
Example: self treatment fundamental issue
894. Self defense: Description of actions taken to protect oneself, as in a
shooting of a perpetrator by a pólice officer upon whom the perpetrator has
INGLES II 102
pulled a gun.
Example: I act in self defense
895. Self-help: A person’s attempt to remedy a wrong perceived done to him
by that person’s own actions, rather than through the legal system. Under the
Uniform Commercial Code, a creditor may take possession of a debtor’s
collateral upon default, if it can be done without breaching the peace.
Example: she needs self help.
896. Separation: The condition of a husband and wife who remain married
but who live apart, whether by mutual agreement or by decree of a court.
Example: Ines and Carlos start a separation process.
897. Separation of powers: The separation of the power of the States from
that of the federal government and the división of the federal government into
three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial), each of which has specific
powers upon which neither of the others can usurp.
Example: he processed a separation of powers.

898. Sequester: To ¡solate or keep apart from all others, as in sequestering
certain funds or sequestering a jury.
Example: they wanted to kidnap the girl.
899. Sequestration: The isolation of a trial jury in the custody of the court for
the duration of a trial in order to prevent tampering or their hearing outside
testimony; keeping witnesses apart from one another and outside the
courtroom.
Example: they thwarted the kidnapping.
900. Serve: To deliver a legal document, especially a process or notice; to
present a legal notice or subpoena to a person as required by law.
Example: the judge has the right to serve his Client.
901. Service: The formal delivery of a subpoena, writ, or other legal notice or
process.
Example: the judge is on duty.
902. State: Situation or way of being of a person or thing, especially the
temporary situation of people or things whose condition is subject to change.
Example: he works for the State.
INGLES II 103
903. Services of process: A communication of the court papers or process

to the defendant in a timely manner, so that the defendant has the opportunity
to prepare a defense and to appear and State his/her case.
Example: was requested for process Services.
904. Session: The number of hours within a day that a given body is
performing its duties; a meeting of a court or a legislative body for the purpose
of performing its business.
Example: The couples' assets session was signed yesterday.
905. Session laws: A bound volume of the statutes enacted by a legislative
body during a single annual or biennial session; a collection of all of those
aforementioned statutes.
Example: he bought books on the laws of the sesión.
906. Set-aside: Something, such as an amount of money, that is reserved for
some particular later use.
Example: the criminal shot for a reckoning.
907. Setback: The mínimum distance from the property line to where a
structure may be built, as regulated by zoning statutes or restrictions in the
deeds in various locales.
Example: the lawyer asked to delay the meeting.
908. Severable statute: A law with parts that are independent of one another,
such that each part is capable of enforcement even if remaining part or parts
are stricken orfound unconstitutional.
Example: they enjoy a separable status.
909. Severalty: A condition of individuality in the holding of land. A tenant in
severalty is the exclusive holder of the land for the duration of his or her estáte.
Example: Maria enjoys individual ownership.
910. Sex offender: A person convicted of a sexual offense, such as rape,
sexual assault, or lewdness. Some States require sexual offenders to be
registered for life.
Example: he is a sex ofender.
911. Sexual abuse: See abuse.
Example: July was accused of sexual abuse
INGLES II 104
912. Sham: A counterfeit; something that is not what it seems or appears to

be; a fake; a person pretending to be something or someone other than who
she really is.
Example: she is an impostor.
913. Shield laws: A law that protects journalists from being compelled to
reveal confidential sources.
Example: pedro sells books on shield laws.
914. Signature: A person’s mark or ñame, handwritten by that person or at
the direction of the person for purposes of authentication of a document.
Example: an attorney's signature is important.
915. Slander: Falsely spoken words that tend to damage another person’s
reputation; defamation.
Example: he was accused of slander.
916. Slight negligence: Failure to exercise great care that an extraordinarily
attentive person would have exercised.
Example: it is slight negligence.
917. Solicitor: In England, the lawyer who prepares a case for the trial lawyer
(known as the barrister) and who settles cases out of court.
Example: the lawyer is strict.
918. Solvency: The ability to pay one’s debts as they come due or as they
mature.
Example: economic solvency is needed.
919. Statute: A law that has been enacted by a legislative body.
Example: the board of directors did not comply with the statute.
920. Statement: A declaration of fact or an allegation by a witness; a piece of
sworn testimony.
Example: he has to give his statement.
921. Talion law: in broad sense, thi expression is for prívate revenge.
922. Thief: who commits the crime of theft or robbery.
Example: and this barabbas was a thief.
923. Try: To judiciously examine both sides of a dispute and to come to an
equitable solution by virtue of a trial.
INGLES II 105
Example: they met to discuss personal issues

924. Truth-in-lending act: A federal statute that requires commercial lenders
to provide accurate information relating to the cost of borrowing, in language
that a normally intelligent person could be expected to understand. Lenders
must furnish the dollar amount of the interest charges, as well as the annual
rate of interest.
Example: he sells book on truth law on loan.
925. Truth: A completely accurate account of the facts; an affirmative defense
in a suit for defamation.
Example: I ask for the truth of things
926. Trust company: A financial organizaron that specializes in providing
Services such as acting as a trustee, fiduciary, or agent for individuáis and
companies.
Example: attended a trusted Company.
927. Tribunal: An officer or body with the authority to pronounce judgment on
a matter based upon the evidence.
Example: he will be brought to court.
928. Theft: Act of seizure of a movable object of another, which is removed
from the person who has it, without exerting violence or intimidation on people
or forcé on things. That violence or that forcé, typical of theft, differentiate it
from theft.
Example: The thief was released because he only stole a pair of slippers.
929. Trial: A formal judicial examination of issues of law or fact between
parties by a court with jurisdiction in such cases.
Example: next month I have the trial.
930. Trust: Property that is held by one party, the trustee, for the benefit of
another, the beneficiary.
Example: you have to trust my word
931. Treaty clause: The provisión of the United State Constitution that vests
the power to make treaties in the President with the advice and consent of the
Senate, and a concurrence of two-thirds of that body.
Example: the clause of the treaty was dictated.
INGLES II 106
932. Treaty: An agreement or compact between two or more sovereign

nations for the benefit of those nations.
Example: a fair treaty was made
933. Treasury: The branch of any government or Corporation that is in charge
of its financial dealings.
Example: Carlos claimed the treasury
934. Treasury stock: Shares of stock issued by a Corporation, and then
repurchased by it.
Example: there is a treasure stock.

935. Tacit: Something implied but not actually named, for example, there was
a tacit understanding that if she testified against her co-conspirator, she would
not have to spend any time in prison.
Example: that's a tacit agreement.
936. Tariff: Term is most frequently used to refer to a customs duty imposed
on imported and exported merchandise.
Example: today i went to pay the tariff.
937. Taxable: Something that is subject to being taxed, such as property or
earned income; the amount or portion on which a tax is assessed.
Example: it's a taxable case
938. Tax avoidance: The act of taking advantage of legal tax-planning
opportunities and shelters in order to minimize one’s income tax liability.
Example: tax evasión is not allowed.
939. Tax benefit doctrine: The principie that if a loss was suffered in a
previous year and taken as an income reduction for tax purposes, and an
insurance reimbursement for that loss is received in the current year, that
reimbursement must be counted as part of gross income for the current year,
at least in the amount of the reduction previously taken.
Example: the doctrine of tax benefits must be respected.
940. Tax credit: An amount counted directly dollar-for-dollar to reduce one’s
tax liability, rather than a reduction in gross income.
Example: was a winner for a tax credit.
941. Taxpayer: he one who bears the tax liability for any particular
INGLES II 107
transaction.
Example: was a successful taxpayer.
942. Tax rate: A percentage of net income used to compute one’s income tax
liability.
Example: tax rate is detailed.
943. Tenancy: The occupancy or possession of land under the terms of a
lease; an interest in real estate by virtue of a leasehold.
Example: Carlos has the possession of his daughter.
944. Tenant: The possessor or occupier of land by virtue of any kind of title
or right.
Example: the landlady has problems with the tenant
945. Tender: An unconditional offer of performance in order to satisfy a debt.
Example: it's an incredible offer.
946. Tenure: An ancient hierarchical system of land possession or holding in
subordination to a superior.
Example: I demand the possession of my son.
947. Territorial court: A court created by Congress under Article IV of the
Constitution of the United States that endows Congress with the power to make
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property of the United
States.
Example: it's a territorial court
948. Territorial jurisdiction: The geographical area over which a
government or governmental subdivision has power.
Example: this territorial jurisdiction belongs to you.
949. Testacy: The condition of having left or leaving a valid will at the time of
one’s death, rather than intestacy.
950. Testify: To tell a court what pertinent information to a case one has,
while under oath, and while the defendant is present.
Example: you have to testify about the crime
951. Testimony: Statements made by competent witnesses, who have been
sworn in at a trial or deposition or in an affidavit.
Example: he gave his testimony.
INGLES II 108
952. Theft: Larceny; the unlawful expropriation of someone else’s property

with the intent of keeping it from its rightful owner.
Example: theft of cell phones.
953. Third-party plaintiff: A defendant who files a pleading attempting to
bring a third party into the lawsuit.
Example: she is a third party plaintiff.
954. Threat: A declaring of one’s intention to cause harm or loss to another’s
person or property or to limit one’s freedom to act in a lawful voluntary manner
(a threat to kidnap).
955. Title: Ownership; the legal right to possess and to dispose of property.
Example: María threatens her husband to sue him.
956. Title insurance: Insurance taken at time of purchasing property to
protect against defects in chain of title.
Example: the land has title insurance.
957. Tort: A prívate or civil wrong for which a remedy may be sought, usually
in the form of monetary damages; a breach of duty that exists under societal
expectations regarding interaction among equals in a transaction, rather than
arising from a specific contract.
958. Tort claims act: A law passed by the federal government and by most
State governments waiving sovereign immunity from liability in torts for injury or
loss of property.
Example: claims law book.
959. Trade secrets: Formulas, devices, or other manufacturing or business
pattern, and so on that are kept confidential in order to continué an advantage
over the competition.
Example: they discovered the trade secrets
960. Transaction: 1 An act of carrying out some form of business between
two persons.
Example: she made a bank transaction.
961. To Expatríate: Expel a person, as punishment, from his country or the
place where he lives, by decisión of the political or judicial authorities.
INGLES II 109
Example: "after the war many officers from the defeated side were
expatriated"
962. Transfer: Any and every method of removing something from one
person or place to another; specifically, the handing over of possession or
control of assets or title.
Example: the judge asked to transfer his account
963. Treason: An attempt to overthrow the government of the state or nation
to which one owes allegiance, by making war against that government or by
giving material support to the enemies of that government.
Example: he committed treason.
964. Temporary: Something that will last for only a limited period of time;
transitory.
Example: I hire you temporarily.
965. Terms: Set of circumstances that determine the status of a person or
thing.
Example: he set his conditions
966. Time: Moment of the day determined by the time on the clock.
Example: set the date and time for the meeting
967. Theft: consisting in the fraudulent seizure of other people's property.
Example: he robbed the bank.
968. Time off rights: Everyone has the right to rest, to enjoy free time.
Example: demand free time rights.
969. Trade: Activity consisting of trading in products.
Example: trade increased.
970. Transparency: Quality of a transparent thing.
Example: fair transparency is required.
971. Training: Level of knowledge that a person has on a certain subject.
Example: she has an excellent training.
972. Terrtoriality: Condition of the housing and the means in which the
diplomats travel through which, despite being outside the territory of their
country, they are considered to be part of it.
Example: its territoriality belongs to it.
INGLES II 110
973. Theocracy: A country or state whose government derives its power

directly from God or another divine spirit.
Example: this is theocracy.
974. Universal legacy: he is the one who leaves all the inheritance to a single
legatory. it is a mere way of designationg it since it is strictly speaking a
universal heir.
975. Unanimity: Total number of votes in accordance with a party, character
or proposal.
Example: the result of the face-to-face elections is unanimous and there is
only one winner.
976. Unicameral: State organization system in which the Legislative Power
is exercised by a single chamber, called Deputies or Representatives.
977. Ultimatum: Expression that, referred to International Law, represents
the imperative requirement that a State makes to another to act in a certain
way and that, if not attended, causes the breakdown of diplomatic relations or
the initiation of hostilities.
Example: The judge gave you an ultimatum for you to repent and confess.
978. Unilateral: Regarding a thing or person, exclusively. | What imposes
obligations on only one of the parties.
Example: the contract I will make will be unilateral because I do it only for
myself.
979. Union: Name of different institutions, from international to local unions
980. Usury: Interest that is carried by money or gender in the loan or mutual
agreement.
Example: the bank will loan me 10,000 soles but usury will be 10% interest.
981. Usurpation: Arrogance of personality, title, quality. faculties or
circumstances that are lacking.
Example: The mayor usurped that position for a long time without anyone
knowing.
982. Utopia: For the Academy, plan, project, doctrine or flattering system,
but unrealizable. The word and the idea are applied to certain political and
social works that provide new earthly paradises without any viability. The word
INGLES II 111
was the title of a work by Saint Thomas More, in an essay on a happy

republic.
Example: In the same line the Republic is located. by Plato, and La ciudad del
sol, by Campanela: among several others.
983. Uxoricide: The husband who criminally kills his wife.
984. Uxoricide: Punishable death that the husband causes to his wife. It is
usually punished as a species of parricide (v.), Even though it has received
almost exempt favor in the event of flagrant adultery.
985. Vacancy: That vacates or temporarily ceases, due to rest, in work or
habitual activity.
Example: a worker was fired, there is a free vacancy.
986. Validity: The quality of a legal act or contract to supply its own legal
effects, according to its nature and the constitutive will.
987. Valué: Express in the Dictionary of Usual Law that the word has
múltiple meanings, nuclear in two species. In the group of material meanings.
Example: Usefulness of things.
988. Valuation: Appraisal
989. Venality: Immoral attitude of the one who trades with ¡Ilegal proceeds.
Example BROTED, BRIBED.
990. Vendeja: Public and common sale as in fair.
Example: Set of merchandise for sale.
991. Verdict: This ñame is known, in criminal matters (and in some
countries also in civil matters), the resolution issued by juries (v.) Chosen from
among citizens who may or may not have knowledge of the laws.
Example: After a long wait the judge will give his verdict this Friday.
992. Verification: Proof, Evidence Verification, ExaminationMatch. |
Review. Compliance with what was announced.
Example: to be accepted you must first go through verification.
993. Vesania: Furious Madness.
994. Vicar: Substitute, substitute, substitute for another; who doeshis times.
In religious orders, the second, after the superior, whom he replaces in
absences, vacancies, indispositions and absences.
INGLES II 112
995. Vice: Bad conduct with probable or certain damages for the body or the
spirit.
Example: vices nullify legal acts.
996. Victim: Person or animal destined for a religious sacrifice. Person who
suffers unjust violence in herself or in her rights. The taxable person of the
crime. Who suffers an accident.
Example: I have been the victim of an accident.
997. Victim: In America, homicide or author of punishable injuries. The
Academy only admits the voice as the auxiliary of the priests who sacrificed
people, who bound and who set fire at the indicated ceremonial moment.
Example: victimology helps a lot in criminal cases.
998. Victim lodge: This is the ñame, in Criminal Law and criminology, of the
part that studies crime from the point of view of the victim.
999. Vienna: diplomatic.
1000. Validity: Current quality.
Examples: the agreement will be valid for two years.
1001. Vil: Negligible or unworthy. Disloyal, Ungrateful, Infamous.
Example: as the vile price that can annul a legal act.
1002. Violence: Action and effect of violence, of applying violent means to
things or people to overeóme their resistance. The legal repercussions of this
procedure are both civil and criminal. Example: Mrs. Ana denounced her
husband for family violence.
1003. Vizier: Ñame of certain Mohammedan or Arab ministers with great
powers, comparable to a head of government.
Example: in arabia the ministers are called vizier.
1004. Visit: Act of seeing someone in your house or residence. | Group of
representativos of the justice proceeding to a visit of prisons
1005. Vocation: Any inclination or hobby. Cali.
Example: those who do not have a vocation to serve can retire.
1006. Voting: Electoral act. Casting the vote. The set of votes obtained. (v.
electoral Systems, suffrage).
1007. Vote: In assemblies and in elections, the opinión that is manifested-by
INGLES II 113
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE DERECHO Y CIENCIAS
POLÍTICAS
word of mouth or by means of ballots, balls or attitudes (raising or raising the

arm), when approving or rejecting a proposal, to choose someone or several
for certain positions, to judge the conduct of someone or to-demonstrate the
adhesión or discrepancy with respect to one or more people. Opinión, opinión,
opinión.
1008. Voice: As it seems and opinión in a meeting or assembly, even without
the right to take part in the numerical computation of those who resolve. He
who did not come to the meeting has no voice or vote after the decisión.
1009. Vulgar: Concerning the vulgar. Example: the gentleman of the store is
vulgar, he does not know how to treat his clients.
1010. Vulgate: The first of the translations of the Bible authorized by the
Church into the vulgar or popular languages of the time, at the end of the
Middle Ages. Examples: this book is full of vulgarities, this writer does not
have extensive knowledge.
1011. Vulgo: The least qualified expression of the people. Those who in each
issue have less knowledge. Example: The common people still believe in the
fantastic story of the werewolf.
1012. Vulnerary: Cleric who has injured or killed a person. Example: is the
person who physically damaged someone's health.
1013. Verify: This is the action that involves verifying or checking something.
When a person seeks to verify a certain event, what he does is try to determine
its veracity.
Example: The woman promised to verify the neighbor's sayings
1014. Waking: State of which watches or is awake. It is a duty in the
provisión of Services, and their transgression, fault or crime.
1015. Written law: in opposition to the factula rule that arises from custom.
1016. Worth: Favor or privanza.
Example: I valué price.
1017. Will: Power or faculty of the soul that leads to act or abstain. Act of
admitting or repelling something.
Example: to be able to make the contract you must express your will through a
document.
INGLES II 114
‘Año de la Universalización de la
Salud:
1018. Widowhood: n some legal Systems, such as in Navarra and Aragón,
usufruct to which the widow has the right to marital property, as long as she
does not remarry. There are several species, of complex and traditional
regulation, which are known as foral, customary and universal widowhood.
1019. Widowhood: Status of a widower or widow (v.), Of the person whose
first or subsequent spouse has died and has not remarried. Legally, the
concept offers importance not only because it affects marital status, but also,
and with regard to women, because regarding her, and in order to avoid any
confusión regarding the father of a possible posthumous son. the law does
not allow her to contract new nuptials until ten months after the husband's
death or, if she has become pregnant, until after the birth.
INGLES II
DOCUMENTO LEGAL
CONTRATO DE COMPRAVENTA
Señor Notario:
Sírvase usted extender en su registro de Escrituras Públicas una de COMPRA-
VENTA que celebran de una parte la EMPRESA DE TRANSMISIÓN ELÉCTRICA
DEL SUR S.A. EN LIQUIDACIÓN, con RUC N° 20216293321, con domicilio en
Avenida Prolongación Pedro Miotta N° 421, Distrito de San Juan de Miraflores,
Provincia y Departamento de Lima, debidamente representada por doña DORA
EMMA BALLESTER UGARTE, identificada con DNI 10314108 y por don MANUEL
FELICIANO ADRIANZEN BARRETO, identificado con DNI N° 40006148, cuyos
poderes se encuentran debidamente inscritos en la partida electrónica N° 11004429
del Registro de Personas Jurídicas de Arequipa, a quien en adelante se denomina LA
VENDEDORA; y de la otra parte el señor SANTOS GREGORIO CARCASI
ARIZAPANA, con domicilio en Mz. A, Lote 1, Asentamiento Humano San Fernando
III, Distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, Provincia y Departamento de Lima,
identificado con D.NJ. N° 10513885, de estado civil soltero a quien adelante se
denominará EL COMPRADOR, de acuerdo a los siguientes términos y condiciones:
PRIMERO: SOBRE EL INMUEBLE

LA VENDEDORA es propietaria del inmueble constituido por el Local Comercial N°
39- Nivel “B”, Módulo “B”, Primer Piso del Centro Comercial Unicentro ubicado en
Plaza Unión esquina con la Av. Argentina, Distrito del Cercado de
Lima, provincia y departamento de Lima, el mismo que se encuentra debidamente
inscrito en la ficha 1168647 del Registro de la Propiedad Inmueble de Lima y Callao -
Zona registral N° IX, Sede Lima, que continúa en la partida electrónica N° 40487565
de dicho registro.
INGLES II 116
SEGUNDO: OBJETO DEL CONTRATO Y CONDICIONES

Mediante Acuerdo de Junta Liquidadora en su sesión de fecha 26 de agosto de 2005
se autorizó la venta directa del local comercial al que se refiere la cláusula anterior a
favor de EL COMPRADOR, quien presentó a LA VENDEDORA una oferta de compra
del indicado predio, ascendente a la suma de US$ 3,500,00 (Tres mil
quinientos y 00/100 Dólares Americanos).
Por el presente contrato, LA VENDEDORA da en venta real y enajenación perpetua

a EL COMPRADOR, el inmueble descrito en la cláusula primera.
Asimismo, las partes declaran que la venta del inmueble se realiza "ad Corpus” y
comprende el local comercial con sus usos, costumbres y todo por cuanto de hecho
y por derecho le corresponde No obstante ello, las partes hacen renuncia expresa a
cualquier reclamación en relación a las diferencias que pudieran detectarse respecto
a sus extensiones y cualquier otro asunto, haciéndose mutua y recíproca donación de
cualquier diferencia, de conformidad con el Art. 1577 del Código Civil.
Las partes declaran conocer que el inmueble no cuenta con instalaciones eléctricas
ni sanitarias, quedando por cuenta de EL COMPRADOR realizar las referidas
instalaciones si lo considera conveniente.
EL COMPRADOR exonera a LA VENDEDORA de la obligación de saneamiento por

evicción a que hubiere lugar, de conformidad con el artículo 1489° y el inciso 4 del
artículo 1500 del Código Civil y renuncia expresamente a solicitar la devolución de
parte de LA VENDEDORA de la contraprestación recibida de acuerdo a lo previsto
por el artículo 1497° del Código Civil.
TERCERO: PRECIO
EL COMPRADOR adquiere el inmueble por el precio de US$ 3,500,00 (Tres mil
quinientos y 00/100 Dólares Americanos). Dicho monto ha sido pagado
íntegramente a la suscripción del presente instrumento, a entera satisfacción de LA
INGLES II 117
VENDEDORA, mediante transferencia bancaria de fecha 19.08.2005 a la Cuenta N°

0011-0223- 55-0100016187 de LA VENDEDORA en el Banco Continental por un
monto de US$ 2,925.00 y pago en efectivo por la suma de US$575 en el cual no se
han utilizado medios de pago, de lo cual se deja constancia de acuerdo a lo
establecido en la Ley 28194 y su Reglamento aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo
N° 047-2004-EF.
Las partes declaran que existe justa y perfecta equivalencia entre el precio pactado y
el inmueble enajenado, haciéndose, sin embargo, mutua gracia y recíproca donación
de cualquier exceso o diferencia que pudiera existir y que ahora no perciben,
conforme a lo estipulado en la cláusula precedente.
CUARTO: ENTREGA DEL INMUEBLE

EL COMPRADOR declara haber recibido a la firma del presente documento las llaves
y la posesión del inmueble materia de la venta, declarando que lo ha recibido
conforme y renunciando a cualquier reclamo posterior sobre su estado o condición.
QUINTO: GASTOS
Serán de cuenta de EL COMPRADOR el pago de los derechos notariales y regístrales
que origine esta minuta, incluyendo un Testimonio para LA VENDEDORA, el que
deberá ser entregado a ésta en un plazo no mayor de 30 (treinta) días naturales de
suscrito el contrato.
Las partes acuerdan que todo trámite de independización y subdivisión y todo gasto
de índole notarial y registral, así como el pago del Impuesto de Alcabala o de cualquier
otro tributo, corren por cuenta y cargo de EL COMPRADOR.
SEXTO: DOMICILIO Y NOTIFICACIONES

Las partes señalan sus domicilios en los lugares indicados en la introducción del
presente contrato. Cualquier comunicación o notificación deberá ser cursada a dichos
domicilios por escrito. En caso de cambio de domicilio, para que el mismo tenga efecto
INGLES II 118
y validez legal, deberá comunicarse a la otra parte por escrito con cargo o constancia
de recepción, y a la mayor brevedad posible. En caso contrario, cualquier
comunicación hecha al anterior domicilio se entenderá válidamente efectuada y surtirá
plenos efectos legales.
SETIMO: JURISDICCION
En caso de presentarse cualquier asunto dudoso o litigioso derivado de la
interpretación, aplicación o ejecución del presente contrato, las partes renuncian
expresamente al fuero de sus domicilios y se someten a la jurisdicción de los jueces
y tribunales del Cercado de Lima, señalando para tal efecto las direcciones indicadas
en la parte introductoria del presente instrumento.
Agregue usted, señor Notario, las demás cláusulas que fueren de ley, haga los
insertos correspondientes, eleve la presente a Escritura Pública, y sírvase cursar los
partes correspondientes para su inscripción al Registro de Propiedad Inmueble de
Lima y Callao.
Suscrito en Lima por duplicado en fecha.
EL COMPRADOR LA VENDEDORA
INGLES II 119
PURCHASE AND SALE CONTRACT
Mr. Notary:
Please extend in your Register of Public Deeds a SALES AND SALE that celébrate
the EMPRES the TRANSMISSION COMPANY ELÉCTRICA DEL SUR SA IN
LIQUIDATION, with RUC No. 20216293321, with address at Avenida Prolongación
Pedro Miotta No. 421, District of San Juan de Miraflores, Province and Department
of Lima, duly represented by Mrs. DORA EMMA BALLESTER UGARTE, identified
with DNI 10314108 and by Mr. MANUEL FELICIANO ADRIANZEN BARRETO,
identified with DNI N ° 40006148, whose powers are duly registered in the electronic
0
number N 11004429 of the Registry of Legal Persons of Arequipa, who hereinafter
is called THE SELLER; and on the other hand Mr. SANTOSGREGORIO CARCASI
ARIZAPANA, residing in Mz. A, Lot 1, San Fernando III Human Settlement, San Juan
de Lurigancho District, Province and Department of Lima, identified with D.NJ. N °
10513885, from a single civil State who will be referred to as THE BUYER, according
to the following terms and conditions:
FIRST: ABOUT THE PROPERTY

THE SELLER is the owner of the property constituted by Commercial Local No. 39-
Level "B", Module "B", First Floor of the Unicentro Shopping Center located in Plaza
Unión córner with Av. Argentina, Cercado de Lima District, province and department
of Lima, the same one that is duly registered in the file 1168647 of the Registry of the
Real Property of Lima and Callao - Registry area N ° IX, Headquarters Lima, which
continúes in the electronic heading N ° 40487565 of said registry.
SECOND: OBJECT OF THE CONTRACT AND CONDITIONS

By means of a Liquidation Board Agreement in its session dated August 26, 2005, the
direct sale of the commercial premises referred to in the previous clause was
authorized in favor of THE BUYER, who presented LAVENDEDORA with an offer to
purchase the said property, amounting to sum of US $ 3,500.00 (Three thousand five
INGLES II 120
hundred and 00/100 American Dollars).

By this contract, THE SELLER gives for real sale and perpetual sale to THE BUYER,
the property described in the first clause.
Likewise, the parties declare that the sale of the property is carried out "ad corpus”
and includes the commercial premises with their uses, customs and everything in
terms of fact and by law. However, the parties expressly waive any claim in relation to
the differences that could be detected with respect to their extensions and any other
matter, making a mutual and reciprocal donation of any difference, in accordance with
Art. 1577 of the Civil Code.
The parties declare that they know that the property does not have electrical or sanitary
facilities, and that THE BUYER will be responsible for carrying out said facilities if it
deems it appropriate.
THE BUYER exonerates THE SELLER of the obligation of sanitation for any eviction
that may take place, in accordance with article 1489 and paragraph 4 of article 1500
of the Civil Code and expressly waives the request for the return of THE SELLER of
the consideration received in accordance to the provisions of article 1497 of the Civil
Code.
THIRD: PRICE
THE BUYER Acquires the property for the price of US $ 3,500.00 (Three thousand
five hundred and 00/100 American Dollars). Said amount has been paid in full to
the subscription of this instrument, to the full satisfaction of THE SELLER, by bank
transfer dated 19.08.2005 to Account No. 0011-0223-55-0100016187 of THE
SELLER in the Continental Bank for an amount of US $ 2,925.00 and cash payment
for one.
the sum of US $ 575 in which no payment means have been used, which is recorded
in accordance with the provisions of Law 28194 and its Regulations approved by
Supreme Decree No. 047-2004-EF.
The parties declare that there is a fair and perfect equivalence between the agreed
price and the property disposed of, making, however, mutual grace and reciprocal
INGLES II 121
donation of any excess or difference that may exist and that they do not now received,
in accordance with the provisions of the preceding clause.
FOURTH: DELIVERY OF THE PROPERTY

THE BUYER declares to have received, upon signing this document, the keys and
possession of the property for sale, declaring that it has been received in accordance
and renouncing any subsequent claim regarding status or condition.
FIFTH: EXPENSES
THE PURCHASER will be responsible for the payment of the notary and registry rights
that this minute originates, including a Testimony for THE SELLER, which must be
delivered to the latter within a period not exceeding 30 (thirty) calendar days from the
signing of the contract.
The parties agree that any process of independence and subdivisión and all expenses
of a notarial and registry nature, as well as the payment of the Alcabala Tax or any
other tribute, are borne by THE BUYER.
SIXTH: ADDRESS AND NOTIFICATIONS

The parties indícate their addresses in the places indicated in the introduction to this
contract. Any communication or notification must be sent to said addresses in writing.
In the event of a change of address, in order for it to have legal effect and validity, you
must notify the other party in writing with a charge or proof of receipt, and as soon as
possible.
Otherwise, any communication made to the previous address will be considered
validly made and will have full legal effects.
SEVENTH: JURISDICTION
In the event of any doubtful or litigious matter arising from the interpretaron,
application or execution of this contract, the parties expressly waive the jurisdiction of
their domiciles and submit to the jurisdiction of the judges and courts of the Cercado
de Lima, indicating the addresses indicated in the introductory part of this instrument.
INGLES II 122
You add, Mr. Notary, the other clauses that are of law, make the corresponding
inserts, raise the present to Public Deed, and please take the corresponding parts for
your inscription to the Property Registry of Lima and Callao.
Subscribed in Lima in duplicate on date.
THE BUYER THE SELLER
INGLES II 123

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UNIVERSIDAD

FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y CIENCIA POLÍTICA

1. Arbitratition award: it is the decisión of the arbitrators on those issues that

rights from one owner to another.

Accomplice: He who without being an author, nevertheless cooperates in the

21. Allegation: Declaration or affirmation of a party in an action, made in the demand or

Example when a contract is carried out that is a solemn act.

Example: cali it to politicians.

124. Citizenship: Quality of Citizen of a State: political (and therefore legal)

145. Collegiate: Draw a conclusión by reasoning from a previous situation or

156. Conclusions: Summary made by the lawyer at the end of a process,

166. Decree: Decisión, resolution or determination of a ruler or an authority,

176. Delation: Reveal a secret, accusing in a reserved way those committed

though he is a lawyer and knows my situation.

186. Dispossession: (Civil Law) To deprive someone of the possession of a

203. Endowment Insurance: It is a form of inheritance in life, since it

224. Evidence: Evidence is decisive evidence in a judicial process. It can be

251. Extraterritoriality: Privilege by which the domicile of diplomatic

Example. Extraterritoriality is called legal fiction, admitted in international law,

253. Failure: Lack of achievement.

Example: The Committee had reviewed cases of non-compliance and

practice or practice a liberal profession or art. Implicit is the concept of a

278. Foreign Investment: it is about the placement of capital in a foreign

297. Friendly Settlement: Dispute settlement procedures are flexible

303. Freedom: set of necessary and immediate conditions for the

309. Gazette: Newspaper in which political, literary or other news is given. In

Example: to lighten the investigation further it would be good to also

347. Illusory: adj. Deceptive or insubstantial. illusory promise. A promise to

365. Inalienable: Of property, that it cannot be sold or assigned; of rights, that

Example: The incendiary doesn't admit his responsibility.

Example: The businessman incorporated the new company.

375. Increment: n. A measurable or metaphorical increase in quantity or

395. Indorsee: n. The person to whom a negotiable instrument is assigned

Example: The most important is the intendment is the intendment to improve

414. Insufficient evidence: n. Evidence so inadequate to prove an assertion

Example: This proccess doesn't belog to this judicature.

445. Key-number system: A scheme of numerical classification of cases

Example: Lawsuits for inheritance. Privacy lawsuits. Lawsuits for tenure

470. Lective: relating to days and periods of study in universities, colleges

482. Liturdy: thus is designated the set of rules of ceremonies concerning

542. Malefactor: A person convicted of crime; a criminal. Example: I don't

552. Marine: Pertaining or relating to the sea; pertaining or relating to

Example: tuesday’s typhoon has destroyed our maritime supplies.

Example: Pedro was capture while transporting narcotics.

Example: Puerto Rico is part of the national domain of the us.

589. Nepotism: The appointment to public office or public position of a person

600. Nonjurable: Incapable of taking an oath.

653. Ocultattion of goods: implies the abduction of the possibility of

668. Order: Situation or State of normality or correct functioning of

676. Ordinance: Mándate, provisión, mandatory precept. Statute for the

692. Official language: language to which the legal system declares or

722. Personal representativa: A person chosen by the court to collect,

Example: The defendant plead not guilty.

Example: The lawyer ¡ssues the document of judicial presentaron to the

749. Prohibit: Negative order. Its infringement always supposes an action

Example: Used in law textbooks to indícate that a point was dubious or

Example: To vacate a judicial decisión. To suppress, as in quashing an uprising

Example: A product manufacturer’s requesting the public to return faulty

confinement under habitual criminal statutes. See also criminal.

Example: Most often, a recognizance is in the form of a bail bond that

819. Recuse: To remove as a judge from a trial or hearing, because of bias,

Example: The council is planning the feasibility of the course.

825. Redemption: A reclaiming or rebuying something by virtue of paying off