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Bmjvgx AvKx`vi cÖvPxbZg MÖš’
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ

Avj-wdKûj AvKevi
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v
W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjvn Rvnv½xi

wc-GBP. wW. (wiqv`), Gg. G. (wiqv`), Gg.Gg. (XvKv)
Aa¨vcK, Avj-nv`xm wefvM,
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv
Avm-mybœvn cvewj‡KkÝ
wSbvB`n, evsjv‡`k
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‫ﺸرح اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر ﻟﻺﻤﺎم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ )رح( ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ دﻛﺘور ﺨوﻨدﻛﺎر أﺒو ﻨﺼر ﻤﺤﻤد ﻋﺒد اﷲ ﺠﻬﺎﻨﻐﯿر‬:‫ﺘﺄﻟﯿف‬
،‫دﻛﺘوراﻩ ﻤن ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﻤﺎم ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺴﻌود اﻹﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ ﺒﺎﻟرﯿﺎض‬
.‫ ﺒﻨﻐﻼدﯿش‬،‫ ﻛوﺸﺘﯿﺎ‬،‫وأﺴﺘﺎذ ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻹﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻛوﻤﯿﺔ‬
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Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ
Avj-wdKûj AvKevi
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v
W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjvn Rvnv½xi
cÖKvkK
Dmvgv †Lv›`Kvi
Avm-mybœvn cvewj‡KkÝ
Avm-mybœvn Uªv÷ feb
†cŠi evm Uvwg©bvj, wSbvB`n-7300
†gvevBj: 01711152954, 01715400640
weµq †K›`ª: 66 c¨vwi`vm †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100

†gvevBj: 01986290147
cÖKvk Kvj : iweDj AvDAvj 1435 wnRix Aviex, gvN 1419 wnRix evsjv
Rvbyqvwi 2014 L„÷vã
nvw`qv: 350 (wZbkZ cÂvk) UvKv gvÎ|
ISBN: 978-984-90053-5-3
AL-FIQHUL AKBAR, by Imam Abu Hanifa (RH), Bangla Translation and Explanation by
Professor Dr. Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir. Published by As-Sunnah Pablications, As-
Sunnah Trust Building, Bus Terminal, Jhenidah-7300. January 2014. Price TK 350.00 only.
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Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi
f~wgKv
cÖksmv gnvb Avjøvni wbwgË| mvjvZ I mvjvg Zuvi ev›`v I ivm~j, Zuvi wcÖqZg gynv¤§v` (), Zuvi cwiRb, mnPi I
Abymvix‡ì Dci|
ÔGnBqvDm mybvbÕ I ÔBmjvgx AvKx`vÕ MÖš’Ø‡q AvKx`v I mybœvZ welqK wewfbœ cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjøvûi
e³e¨ D×…Z K‡i D‡jøL K‡iwQ †h, Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri A‡b‡K Zuvi Abymvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I G mKj wel‡q Zuvi g‡Zi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K
gZ †cvlY K‡ib| G mKj e³e¨ A‡bK cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| A‡b‡K Cgvb, AvKx`v, mybœvZ, weÀvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎ‡ì gZ Rvb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb: Avgiv †Zv wdKnx wel‡q nvbvdx,
AvKx`vq AvkAvix ev gvZzwi`x I ZixKvq Kvwìx, wPkZx ev bKke›`x| Avgiv wK wdKn, AvKx`v I ZixKv mKj wel‡q nvbvdx
n‡Z cvwi bv? Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wK †Kv‡bv AvKx`v I ZixKv wQj bv? _vK‡j Zv Kx wQj?
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) AvKx`v‡K m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Avgiv †`Le †h, wZwb wdKn wel‡q †Kv‡bv MÖš’
iPbv bv Ki‡jI AvKx`v wel‡q K‡qKwU cyw¯ÍKv iPbv K‡i‡Qb, AvKx`v welqK Ávb‡K †kÖô wdKn ev ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb Ges wdKnx wel‡q BRwZnv` I gZ‡f‡ì AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb wKš‘ AvKx`v wel‡q BRwZnv` I gZ‡f` wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb|
Bgvg Avh‡gi (ivn) iPbvewji g‡a¨ AvKx`v welqK 5wU cyw¯ÍKv cÖwm×| Zb¥‡a¨ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ cyw¯ÍKvwUi `ywU
fvl¨| GKwU ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ Ges Ab¨wU ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ bv‡g cÖwm×| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡elK wØZxq cyw¯ÍKvwU,
A_©vr ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ cyw¯ÍKvwUB g~j ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| ÔBgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
iPbvewjÕ cwi‡”Q‡` Avgiv †`Le †h, mb` I gZ‡b cÖ_g cyw¯ÍKvwUI ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ| Avgiv G
cyw¯ÍKvwU‡KB Abyev‡ì Rb¨ g~j wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ| KviY G cyw¯ÍKvwU‡Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ I Zuvi iwPZ me¸‡jv cyw¯ÍKvi
Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi mvi-ms‡ÿc mnR fvlvq Av‡jvwPZ| Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wewfbœ w`‡Ki mvgwMÖK Av‡jvPbv G cyw¯ÍKvq †hfv‡e
we`¨gvb Zuvi iwPZ Ab¨vb¨ cyw¯ÍKvq †mfv‡e †bB| GRb¨ Avwg G cyw¯ÍKvwU Abyev` Kivi Ges Gi wfwË‡Z Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wewfbœ
w`K e¨vL¨v Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kwi| cvkvcvwk ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ I Ab¨vb¨ cyw¯ÍKv †_‡K cÖvmw½K mKj e³e¨ D×…Z
K‡iwQ|
Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii e¨vL¨vq AvKx`v wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi gZ Rvb‡Z Zuvi †jLv cyw¯ÍKv¸‡jv Qvov Av‡iv
`ywU MÖ‡š’i Dci wbf©i K‡iwQ:
(1) Z…Zxq-PZz_© kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Bgvg Ave~ Rvdi Avng` Beb mvjvgv Zvnvex (238-321 wn) iwPZ ÔAvj-
AvKx`vn AvZ-Zvnvweq¨vnÕ| G cyw¯ÍKvwU wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_xØ‡qi AvKx`v eY©bvq iPbv K‡ib|
(2) PZz_©-cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Bgvg Aveyj Avjv mvwq` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` bvBmvc~ix (343-
432 wn) iwPZ Avj-BÕwZKv`| G MÖš’wU‡Z wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v welqK e³e¨¸‡jv msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’i GKwU êwkó Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi êwPÎ| AvKx`vi cwiwPZ Av‡jvP¨ welq¸‡jv QvovI Zvivexn, wiqv,
DRe, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ, ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi mšÍvb‡ì cwiPq BZ¨vw` A‡bK welq wZwb Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G welqK
Av‡jvPbv I e¨vL¨v Avgv‡ì G eBwUi K‡jei wKQzUv e„w× K‡i‡Q|
Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †h‡q †`Ljvg †h, gymwjg D¤§vni weåvwšÍi Drm I welqe¯‘ wØZxq kZ‡K
hv wQj eZ©gv‡bI cÖvq Zv-B i‡q‡Q| LvwiRxM‡Yi ÔZvKdxiÕ I wRnv` bv‡gi DMÖZv, Rvngx-gyiwRqv‡ì gvwidvZ I Cgvb welqK
cÖvwšÍKZv, kxqvM‡Yi AwZfw³ I evwZbx Bj‡gi bv‡g AÜZ¡ Ges gyZvwhjxM‡Yi eyw×e„wËKZvi bv‡g Inxi Aeg~j¨vqb eZ©gvb
hy‡MI GKBfv‡e D¤§v‡Zi mKj wdZbvi g~j welq| G¸‡jvi mv‡_ eZ©gvb hy‡M †hvM n‡q‡Q ZvInx` welqK AÁZv I wki‡Ki
e¨vcKZv| G mKj wdZbvi mgvav‡b †m hy‡M Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg hv e‡j‡Qb eZ©gvb hy‡MI †m¸‡jvB Avgv‡ì
mgvav‡bi c_ †`Lv‡e| G Rb¨ G mKj wel‡q wdKûj AvKev‡ii e³e¨ QvovI Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj
RvgvAv‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ Bgv‡gi e³e¨ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| ¯^fveZB G‡Z e¨vL¨vi K‡jei e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii Ab¨Zg Av‡jvP¨ gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY| G welqwU Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki Rb¨B m¤ú~Y© bZzb ev wfbœ
Avw½‡Ki| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R cÖPwjZ A‡bK AvKx`v G‡ÿ‡Î Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎ‡ì AvKx`vi m¤ú~Y© D‡ëv| †hgb,
Ôgnvb Avjøvn me©Î weivRgvbÕ-G AvKx`v‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎMY Rvngx wdiKvi Kzdix AvKx`v Ges m‡e©k¦iev‡ìB
wfbœiƒc e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| cÿvšÍ‡i Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri A‡bK gymwjg G AvKx`v †cvlY K‡ib| welqwU RwUj nIqv‡Z Avwg
GKUz we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Zv ch©v‡jvPbvi †Póv K‡iwQ|
G eBwU‡K Avwg `ywU c‡e© fvM K‡iwQ| cÖ_g ce© wZbwU cwi‡”Q‡` wef³| cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx
I g~j¨vqb, wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj I Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡` Bjgyj AvKx`v I Bjgyj Kvjvg wel‡q
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Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
wØZxq ce© Avj-wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’i Abyev` I e¨vL¨v| Zvweqx hy‡Mi AvwjgMY cieZ©x hy‡Mi gZ Aa¨vq web¨¯Í MÖš’
iPbv K‡ib wb| Zuviv Zuv‡ì e³e¨¸‡jv A‡bKUv Aweb¨¯Ífv‡e msKjb K‡i‡Qb| A_ev Zuviv gy‡L e‡j‡Qb Ges QvÎiv Zv
wj‡L‡Q| GRb¨ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ cyw¯ÍKvwUi Av‡jvP¨ welq cieZ©x hy‡Mi MÖš’vwì gZ myweb¨¯Í bq| GKB welq wewfbœ ¯’v‡b
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Gi Av‡jvP¨ welq‡K welqwfwËK cwi‡”Q‡` wef³ Kiv KwVb| web¨v‡mi myweavi Rb¨ Avwg Avj-
wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’i e³‡eï avivevwnKZv wVK †i‡L Abyev` I e¨vL¨v‡K cuvPwU cwi‡”Q‡` fvM K‡iwQ| cÖ‡Z¨K cwi‡”Q‡` Bgvg
Avh‡gi e³‡eï avivevwnKZvq Av‡jvP¨ welq e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ|
AvKx`v welqK I mybœvn wbf©i mKj Av‡jvPbv I MÖš’ iPbvq Avgvi †cÖiYvi Drm wQ‡jb Avgvi k¦ïi dzidzivi cxi kvBL
Aveyj Avbmvi wmwÏKx (ivn)| mybœvn wfwËK weï× AvKx`v MÖn‡Y I cÖPv‡i wZwb wQ‡jb Av‡cvlnxb| Avgv‡ì‡KI Av‡cvlnxb n‡Z
†cÖiYv w`‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi fzjåvwšÍ ÿgv Kiæb, Zuvi †bK Avgj¸‡jv Keyj Kiæb, Avgv‡ì I D¤§v‡Zi cÿ †_‡K Zuv‡K
m‡e©vËg cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges AvwLiv‡Zi AbšÍ Rxe‡b Avgv‡ì‡K Rvbœv‡Z GKwÎZ Kiæb|
ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v iPbvq Avgv‡K me‡P‡q †ewk Aby‡cÖiYv, Drmvn I civgk© w`‡q‡Qb fvB
kvgmyj Avwiwdb Lvwj`| ïiæ †_‡KB wZwb Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb Ges evievi cvÐzwjwc †`‡L wewfbœ MVbg~jK civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv, Pvi Bgvg I mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi (ivwngvûgyjøvn) e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K weï× mybœvn wbf©i AvKx`vi cÖPvi Ges AvKx`v
welqK weZK©, nvbvnvwb I cÖvwšÍKZvi Aemv‡b Zuvi AvšÍwiK Av‡eM, civgk© I cÖ‡Póv gnvb Avjøvn Keyj Kiæb I Zuv‡K `ywbqv I
AvwLiv‡Zi mdjZv `vb Kiæb|
Avgvi wcÖqR‡biv MÖš’wUi iPbvq Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Qb| we‡klZ Avm-mybœvn Uªv‡÷ Avgvi mnKg©xMY W. ïAvBe Avng`,
gydwZ knx`yjøvn, kvBL hvKvwiqv, kvBL gykvwn` Avjx, fvB Avãyi ingvb I Ab¨vb¨ mK‡jB wewfbœfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb|
cÖ‡dmi W. Ajx Dj¨vn, Wv. Avãym mvjvg mygb I gvIjvbv Bg`v`yj nK cÖæd †`‡L‡Qb I civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| Avjøvn Zuv‡ì‡K
Ges Ab¨vb¨ Djvgv‡q wKivg hviv Avgv‡K wewfbœ MVbg~jK civgk© w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb mKj‡KB DËg cyi¯‹vi `vb Kiæb|
G eB‡qi g‡a¨ AMwYZ Bgvg, Avwjg I eyRy‡M©i bvg evievi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bv‡gi mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’v‡b
`yAvi Bw½Z wn‡m‡e (ivn) †jLv m¤¢e nq wb| cvV‡Ki cÖwZ Aby‡iva, mKj Avwj‡gi bv‡gi mv‡_ ÔivwngvûjøvnÕ e‡j Zuv‡ì Rb¨
`yAv Ki‡eb| Zuv‡ì gva¨‡gB Avgiv `xb †c‡qwQ Ges Zuv‡ì Rb¨ `yAv Kiv Avgv‡ì Cgvbx `vwqZ¡| gnvb Avjvn G MÖ‡š’
D‡jLK…Z mKj Avwjg‡K Ges gymwjg D¤§vni mKj Avwjg‡K Adziš— ingZ `vb Ki“b| Avgxb|
Z_¨m~Î cÖ`v‡b cvÙxKvq MÖš’Kv‡ii bvg, MÖ‡š’i bvg I c„ôv D‡jøL K‡iwQ| MÖš’ welqK we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ eB‡qi †k‡l
ÔMÖš’cÄxiÕ g‡a¨ D‡jøL K‡iwQ| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ÔAvj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjvÕ-i Dci wbf©i K‡iwQ|
Avj-wdKûj AvKevi-Gi e¨vL¨v mvaviY evOvjx cvVK‡ì Rb¨ mnR‡eva¨ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| GRb¨ A‡bK wel‡q
we¯ÍvwiZ weZK©, Av‡jvPbv ev D×…wZ cwinvi K‡iwQ| d‡j A‡bK mgq AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU welqwU Am¤ú~Y© ev ÎæwUc~Y© g‡b n‡Z
cv‡i| GQvov welqe¯‘i RwUjZv I Avgvi Bjgx mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y eB‡qi g‡a¨ fzjåvwšÍ †_‡K hvIqvB ¯^vfvweK| m¤§vwbZ
†Kv‡bv cvVK hw` fzjåvwšÍ¸‡jv Rvwb‡q †`b Z‡e Zv Avgvi cÖwZ eo Bnmvb n‡e| gnvb Avjøvn Zuv‡K cyi¯‹…Z Ki‡eb| GQvov
Z_¨MZ I Dc¯’vcbvMZ †h †Kv‡bv civgk© Avgiv mv`‡i MÖnY Kie| Avgiv cieZ©x ms¯‹i‡Y fzj¸‡jv ms‡kvab Kie, Bbkv
Avjøvn|
Bmjvgx Bj‡gi mKj kvLvi D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi Rxeb‡K ivm~jyjvn -Gi Abymi‡Y cwiPvwjZ Kiv| Bjgyj wdKn-Gi
D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi Bev`Z, gyAvgvjvZ I mKj Kg©KvÊ †hb AweKj ivm~jyjvn  I mvnvexM‡Yi Av`‡jB cvwjZ nq| BjgyZ
ZvhwKqv ev ZvmvD‡di D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi ü`‡qi Ae¯’v †hb AweKj Zuv‡ì cweÎ ü`q¸‡jvi gZ n‡q hvq| Bjgyj AvKx`vi
D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi wek¦v‡mi mKj welq †hb ûeû Zuv‡ì wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi, AvKx`v wel‡q myybœv‡Z beexi
cybiæ¾xe‡bi Rb¨B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi D‡ÏkÏ GKB| Avgiv gnvb Avjøvni
ìev‡i `yAv Kwi, Avgv‡ì G bMY¨ cÖ‡Póv‡K Zuvi wcÖqZ‡gi mybœv‡Zi cybiæ¾xeb I cÖwZôvq Keyj K‡i wbb| Avgv‡ì mK‡ji
ü`q‡K gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi mybœv‡Zi AbyMZ K‡i w`b| Cgv‡b, AvKx`vq, wdK‡n, ZvhwKqvq I Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î
mybœvZ Rvb‡Z, gvb‡Z, cÖPvi Ki‡Z I mybœv‡Zi Rb¨ mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg mKj wKQz‡K AKvZ‡i wemRb© w`‡Z Avgv‡ì ü`q¸‡jv‡K
kw³ `vb Kiæb| Avgxb|
gnvb Avjvni ìev‡i cÖv_©bv KiwQ, wZwb †hb `qv K‡i Avgvi G MÖš’wUi fzjåvwšÍ ÿgv K‡i GwU Keyj K‡i †bb| G‡K
Avgvi, Avgvi wcZvgvZv, ¯¿x-cwiRb, ïfvKv•LxMY I mKj cvV‡Ki bvRv‡Zi Imxjv evwb‡q †`b| Avgxb! mvjvZ I mvjvg
Avjøvni Lvjxj gynv¤§v` (), Zuvi cwiRb I mnPiM‡Yi Dci|
Avãyjvn Rvnv½xi
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Contents
m~ P xcÎ
cÖ_g ce©: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Avj-wdKûj AvKevi /17-154
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx I g~j¨vqb /19-126
1. hyM cwiwPwZ /19
2. msw¶ß Rxebx /20
2. 1. esk I Rb¥ /20
2. 2. wkÿvRxeb I D¯Ív`MY /21
2. 3. Aa¨vcbv I QvÎMY /24
2. 4. AvLjvK /24
2. 5. g„Zz¨ /28
3. gh©v`v I g~j¨vqb: ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mZK©Zv /29
4. wØZxq kZ‡Ki gynvwÏmM‡Yi `„wó‡Z Ave~ nvbxdv /30
5. G mg‡qi `ywU Awf‡hvM /38
5. 1. nv`x‡mi gq`v‡b Zvui c`PviYv Kg /39
5. 2. wdKn I AvKx`v wel‡q Zuvi g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv /40
6. Z…Zxq kZvãxi cÖ_gvs‡ki mgv‡jvP‡Ki g~j¨vqb /41
7. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi †cÖ¶vcU /43
7. 1. cÖmviZv I ¶gZvi Cl©v /43
7. 2. gyZvwhjx wdZbv I m¤ú„w³ /44
7. 3. wePvi I kvmb ebvg Bjg I Kjg /45
7. 4. gvhnvex †Muvovwg I we‡Øl /45
8. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM msKjb /46
8. 1. Avãyjvn Beb Avng` Beb nv¤^vj /46
8. 2. LZxe evM`v`x /47
9. AvKx`v welqK Awf‡hvM /48
9. 1. Bgvg eyLvix /49
9. 2. gynv¤§v` Beby Dmgvb Beby Avex kvBev /51
9. 3. Bgvgyj nvivgvBb /51
9. 4. Avãyj Kvwì Rxjvbx /52
10. AvKx`v welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv /53
10. 1. gyZvwhjx, Rvngx I kxqv AvKx`v /53
10. 2. gyiwRqv AvKx`v /54
10. 3. cvcx iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY /57
11. nv`xm welqK Awf‡hvM /60
11. 1. BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb /60
11. 2. Bebyj gv`xbx: Avjx Beb Avãyjvn /66
11. 3. Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^vj /67
11. 4. Bgvg eyLvix /68
11. 5. Bgvg bvmvqx Avng` Beby ïAvBe /73
11. 6. Bgvg Beb wneŸvb gynv¤§v` Avj-eymZx / 74
11. 7. Bgvg Beb Av`x /75
11. 8. cieZ©x hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY /88
11. 9. eZ©gvb hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY /89
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Contents
12. Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z g~j¨vqb /89

12. 1. gynvwÏ‡mi g~j¨vqb-c×wZ I bgybv /89
12. 2. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g~j¨vqb /94
13. wdKn welqK Awf‡hvM /95
13. 1. Beb Avex kvBev /95
13. 2. Bgvg Mvhvjx /95
14. wdKn welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv /97
15. wdKn cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv /101
15. 1. nv`xm I wKqv‡mi †ÿÎ /101
15. 2. nv`x‡mi mb` hvPvB /104
15. 3. gvhnve I ZvKjx` /107
15. 4. cieZ©x hy‡Mi nvbvdx dKxnMY /109
15. 5. µ‡mW-ZvZvi hy‡×vËi hy‡Mi Ae¯’v /119
16. Beb ZvBwgqvi gšÍe¨ /125
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj /127-142
1. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wKZveyj Avmvi I gymbv` /127
2. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj welqK weZK© /129
3. HwZnvwmK I RxebxKviM‡Yi e³e¨ /130
4. AvcwËi †cÖ¶vcU /133
5. we`¨gvb MÖš’¸‡jvi mb` ch©v‡jvPbv /135
6. Avj-wdKûj AvKevi I AvemvZ /140
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Avj-wdKûj AvKevi I Bmjvgx AvKx`v /143-154
1. Cgvb, AvKx`v I Ab¨vb¨ cwifvlv /143
2. Bjgyj AvKx`vi ¸i“Z¡ /144
3. Bjgyj AvKx`vi Av‡jvP¨ I D‡Ïk¨ /147
4. Bjgyj AvKx`v ebvg Bjgyj Kvjvg /148
wØZxq ce©: Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v /155-532
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ZvInx`, AviKvbyj Cgvb I wkiK /157-220
1. ZvInx` /158
1. 1. ZvInx`: A_© I cwiwPwZ /158
1. 2. ZvInx‡ì cÖKvi‡f` /158
1. 3. Ávb ch©v‡qi ZvInx` /160
1. 3. 1. m„wó I cÖwZcvj‡bi GKZ¡ /160
1. 3. 2. KvwdiMY G ZvInx` wek¦vm KiZ /160
1. 3. 3. bvg I ¸Yvewji GKZ¡ /161
1. 3. 4. bvg I ¸Yvewji ZvInx‡` weåvwš— /161
1. 4. Kg© ch©v‡qi GKZ¡ ev Bev`v‡Zi ZvInx` /162
1. 4. 1. Bev`v‡Zi cwiPq /163
1. 4. 2. Bev`v‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` /163
1. 4. 3. mKj bexi `vIqvZ ZvInx`yj Bev`vZ /164
1. 5. ZvInx`B KziAv‡bi g~j welq /165
2. AviKvbyj Cgvb /166
2. 1. Cgvb wejvn ev Avjv‡n wek¦vm /167
2. 2. Cgvb wej gvjvBKv: gvjvKM‡Y wek¦vm /167
2. 2. 1. gvjvKM‡Y wek¦v‡mi cÖK…wZ /167
2. 2. 2. gvjvKMY welqK weåvwš— /168
2. 3. Cgvb wej KzZze: MÖš’mg~‡n wek¦vm /169
2. 4. Cgvb wei i“myj: ivm~jM‡Y wek¦vm /169
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2. 4. 1. bex I ivm~j /169
2. 4. 2. bex ivm~jM‡Yi msL¨v /171
2. 4. 3. bex-ivm~jM‡Yi bvg /172
2. 4. 4. Avjvni ev›`v, gvbyl I cyi“l /173
2. 4. 5. mKj bex-ivm~‡ji `vÔIqvZ GK /173
2. 4. 6. wek¦vm I kª×vi mgZv ebvg gh©v`vi cv_©K¨ /174
2. 4. 7. gynv¤§v` ()-Gi wimvjv‡Z wek¦vm /174
2. 4. 7. 1. gynv¤§v` () Avjvni ev›`v /175
2. 4. 7. 2. gynv¤§v` () Avjvni ivm~j /175
2. 5. Cgvb wej AvwLivn: AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm /177
2. 6. Cgvb wej Kvì : ZvK`x‡i wek¦vm /178
2. 6. 1. ZvK`x‡i wek¦v‡mi cÖK…wZ /178
2. 6. 2. ZvK`x‡i wek¦v‡mi A_© /179
2. 6. 3. ZvK`x‡i wek¦v‡mi weK…wZ /180
2. 6. 4. ZvK`x‡i wek¦v‡mi ¸i“Z¡ I DcKvwiZv /181
3. wnmve, gxhvb, RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœvg /183
4. wkiK /184
4. 1. wki‡Ki A_© I cwiPq /184
4. 2. wki‡Ki nvKxK¡Z /185
4. 3. gykwiKM‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` /187
4. 3. 1. †R¨vwZwl, cÖK…wZc~Rvix ev b¶Î c~RvixMY /187
4. 3. 2. †cŠËwjKMY /187
4. 3. 3. L„÷vbMY /189
4. 3. 4. Kei c~RvixMY /191
4. 4. KziAvb-nv`x‡m Av‡jvwPZ wkiKmg~n /191
4. 4. 1. cÖwZcvj‡bi wkiK /191
4. 4. 1. 1. AvZ¥xqZvi wkiK /191
4. 4. 1. 2. ¶gZvi wkiK /192
4. 4. 1. 3. kvdvÔAv‡Zi ¶gZvi wkiK /193
4. 4. 1. 4. Bjgyj MvBe welqK wkiK /193
4. 4. 1. 5. Aïf ev AhvÎvq wek¦vm /196
4. 4. 2. Bev`v‡Zi wkiK /196
4. 4. 2. 1. mvR`v /196
4. 4. 2. 2. DrmM©-gvbZ /197
4. 4. 2. 3. `yÔAv, WvKv ev cÖv_©bv /201
4. 4. 2. 4. Zvevi&i“K /207
4. 4. 2. 5. AvbyMZ¨ /210
4. 4. 2. 6. fvjevmv /211
4. 4. 2. 7. ZvIqv°zj: DwKj MÖnY ev wbf©iZv /212
4. 4. 2. 8. fq I Avkv /214
4. 4. 2. 9. Imxjv I ZvIqvm&myj /216
5. m~iv BLjvm /219
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY, ZvK`xi BZ¨vw` /221-302
1. ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ iPbvi †cÖ¶vcU /227
2. AvKx`vi Drm /228
2. 1. AvKx`vi Drm Inx /228
2. 1. 1. KziAvb gvRx` /228
2. 1. 2. mnxn nv`xm /229
2. 1. 3. gyZvIqvwZi I Avnv` nv`xm /230
2. 2. Inx Abyave‡b mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi HKgZ¨ /230
2. 3. Inx ewnf©~Z HwkK-A‡jŠwKK Ávb /231
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2. 4. AvKjx `jxj ev eyw×e„wËK hyw³ I `k©b /233

2. 5. Inx ebvg Inxi e¨vL¨v /234
2. 6. cQ›`-wbf©iZv I Ace¨vL¨v /235
2. 7. AvKx`vi Drm wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ /236
2. 8. AvKx`vi Drm: msw¶ß †iLvwPÎ /241
3. Avjvni we‡klY †Kw›`ªK weåvwš— /242
3. 1. ZzjbvKvix gykvweŸnv-gyRvm&wmgv gZev` /242
3. 2. e¨vL¨v I A¯^xKv‡ii Rvngx-gyZvwhjx gZev` /242
3. 3. Zzjbv-gy³ ¯^xK…wZ: mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZ /244
4. Avjvni we‡klY wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ /244
4. 1. weåvš—‡ì ¯îƒc D‡b¥vPb /244
4. 2. Avjvni ¸Yvewji Aw¯—Z¡ I AZzjbxqZ¡ /245
4. 3. Avjvni hvZx I wdÕjx we‡klY /247
4. 4. Avjvni we‡klY Abvw`, wPiš—b I Am„ó /248
5. Avjvni Kvjvg ev K_v /250
6. Avjvni n¯—, gyLgÊj, mËv, †µva, mš‘wó /253
7. Avjvni wmdvZ: Aw¯—Z¡, ¯îƒc I Zzjbv /254
8. gnvb Avjvni Av‡iv `ywU we‡klY /256
8. 1. Avi‡ki Dci BmwZIqv /256
8. 2. AeZiY /263
9. we‡klY wel‡q Pvi Bgvg I mvjd mvwjnxb /264
10. AvkÔAvix, gvZzwi`x I Ab¨vb¨ gZev` /276
10. 1. Kzjvweqv I AvkÔAvix gZev` /276
10. 2. Bgvg Zvnvex I Bgvg gvZzwi`x /277
10. 3. c~e©eZ©x‡ì mv‡_ cieZ©x‡ì êcixZ¨ /278
10. 3. 1. Inx-wbf©iZv ebvg AvKj-wbf©iZv /278
10. 3. 2. gnvb Avjvni we‡klYmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v /280
10. 4. we‡klY wel‡q cÖvwšÍKZv /285
11. cieZ©xM‡Yi gZcv_©K¨ ch©v‡jvPbv /286
11. 1. we‡klY¸‡jvi A_© AÁvZ A_ev ÁvZ /286
11. 2. we‡klY¸‡jvi cÖKvk¨ A_© ¯^xK…Z ev ewR©Z /287
11. 3. Inxi cÖKvk¨ A_© MÖnY Zzjbv wK bv /290
11. 4. e¨vL¨v mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i bv /291
11. 5. mKj e¨vL¨vKvixB Rvngx wK bv /293
12. gnvb Avjvni we‡klY A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v /295
13. BgvgM‡Yi e¨vL¨v we‡ivwaZvi KviY /295
13. 1. Avjøvni wb‡`©kbv MÖnY I Abygvb-wbf©i K_v eR©b /296
13. 2. mybœv‡Z beex I mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiY /296
13. 3. Inxi gvbexq e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gvb cÖ`vb †iva /297
13. 4. e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Inxi evwn¨K A‡_©i cwieZ©b †iva /298
14. Avjvni m„wó, Bjg, ZvK`xi I cvc-cyY¨ /299
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv, mvnvexMY,
ZvKdxi, mybœvZ I BgvgvZ /303-398
1. BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv /305
2. BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv wel‡q LuywUbvwU gZ‡f` /306
3. gynv¤§v` ()-Gi BmgvZ I gh©v`v /307
4. mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`v /309
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4. 1. mvnvexMY welqK kxqv weåvwš— /309
4. 2. Avnj evBZ wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn /310
4. 3. mvnvexMY wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn /312
4. 4. c~e©eZ©x AvwjgMY /321
5. ZvKdxi ev Kvwdi K_b /324
5. 1. Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejv /324
5. 2. Kvwdi K_‡bi c×wZmg~n /325
5. 2. 1. Kzdi-Gi cwiwa evov‡bv /325
5. 2. 2. Inx ewnf©yZ welq‡K ÔCgvbÓ evbv‡bv /327
5. 2. 3. ÒK_vi `vweÓ-i ARynv‡Z Kvwdi ev‡bv‡b /328
5. 3. Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejvi wb‡lavÁv /330
5. 4. ZvKdxi wel‡q mvnvexM‡Yi Av`k© /331
5. 5. ZvKdxi wel‡q Avnjym mybœv‡Zi g~jbxwZ /331
5. 6. Kzdix Kg© ebvg Kvwdi e¨w³ /334
6. eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv /345
7. mybœvZ I we`ÔAvZ /351
8. †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv /358
9. ivgv`v‡bi iv‡Z Zvivexn /360
9. 1. wKqvgyjvBj I Zvnv¾y` /360
9. 2. ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj /361
9. 3. ivgv`v‡bi wKqv‡gi ÔZvivexnÕ bvgKiY /363
9. 4. Zvivexn: AvKx`v, mybœvZ I we`ÔAvZ /363
10. BgvgZ I ivóª /368
10. 1. LvwiRx I kxqv gZev` /369
10. 2. mybœv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K Bgvg I RvgvAvZ /370
10. 3. e¨w³i cvc-cyY¨ ebvg mgvR I iv‡óªi cvc-cyY¨ /375
10. 4. cvcxi wcQ‡b mvjv‡Zi weavb /377
10. 5. e¨w³MZ Bev`Z ebvg ivóªxq Bev`Z /378
10. 5. 1. mvjvZ I mvjv‡Zi RvgvAvZ /378
10. 5. 2. n¾, C`yj Avhnv I C`yj wdZi /379
10. 5. 3. wRnv` /382
10. 5. 4. wRnv` dih wKdvqv /383
10. 5. 5. wRnv` cvj‡bi Rb¨ ivóªcÖavb c~e©kZ© /388
10. 5. 6. wKZvj ebvg KZj /393
PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: gyiwRqv gZev`, †bK Avgj, gywRhv-KvivgZ,
AvwLivZ, Cgvb-Bmjvg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½ .... /399-466
1. gyiwRqv weåvwšÍ I Avnjym mybœv‡Zi AvKx`v /403
2. †bK Kg© Key‡ji kZ©vewj /406
2. 1. Bev`vZ I Abymi‡Yi weï×Zv /406
2. 1. 1. BLjvmyj Bev`vZ: Bev`v‡Zi weï×Zv /406
2. 1. 2. Abymi‡Yi weï×Zv /407
2. 2. nvjvj Lv`¨ fÿY /409
3. †bK Kg© evwZj nIqvi KviYvw` /411
3. 1. wkiK, Kzdi I ag©Z¨vM /412
3. 2. mgv‡R cÖPwjZ wKQz wkiK-Kzdi /413
3. 3. A‡kvfb AvPiY: †LuvUv †Ìqv /416
3. 4. wiqv /418
3. 5. DRe /420
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4. RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœv‡gi mv¶¨ /425

5. gywRhv, KvivgvZ, BmwZìvR /426
5. 1. AvqvZ I gywRhv /427
5. 2. KvivgvZzj AvIwjqv /428
5. 2. 1. wejvqvZ I Ijx /428
5. 2. 2. AvqvZ I KvivgvZ /430
5. 2. 3. KvivgvZ welqK A¯úóZv /431
5. 2. 3. 1. A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi aviYv /431
5. 2. 3. 2. wejvqv‡Zi gvb`‡Êi aviYv /432
5. 2. 3. 3. wejvqv‡Zi wbðqZvi aviYv /433
5. 2. 3. 4. KvivgZ eY©bvq mb` hvPvB bv Kiv /434
5. 3. BmwZìvR /435
6. AvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©b /436
7. Cgvb, Bmjvg, `xb I gvwidvZ /441
7. 1. Cgv‡bi cÖK…wZ I n«vm-e„w× /442
7. 2. Cgvb, Bmjvg I `xb /443
7. 3. Avjvni gvwidvZ /444
7. 4. Avjvni Bev`vZ /446
8. Avjvni cyi¯‹vi I kvw¯— /448
9. kvdvAvZ I AvwLiv‡Zi wKQz welq /451
9. 1. kvdvAv‡Zi A_© I G welqK weåvwš— /451
9. 2. kvdvAvZ wel‡q KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv /452
10. gxhvb /458
11. cvi¯úwiK hyjy‡gi wePvi I e`jv /459
13. nvDh /461
14. RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœvg /464
cÂg cwi‡”Q`: †n`vqvZ, Kei, we‡klY I Abyev`,
AvqvZmg~‡ni gh©v`v, ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi
AvZ¥xqMY, wgivR, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ BZ¨vw` /467-532
1. †n`vqvZ I †Mvgivwn /471
2. Ke‡ii Ae¯’v /472
3. Avjvni we‡kl‡Yi Abyev` /475
4. Avjvni ˆbKU¨ I `~iZ¡ /476
5. KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~‡ni gh©v`vi cv_©K¨ /476
6. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cwiRbeM© /477
6. 1. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv /477
6. 1. 1. Kx e‡jwQ‡jb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv? /477
6. 1. 2. wcZvgvZv cÖm½ I Bmjvgx AvKx`v /481
6. 2. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi IdvZ /488
6. 3. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi PvPvi IdvZ /489
6. 4. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cyÎMY /495
6. 5. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Kb¨vMY /495
7. ZvInx‡ì ARvbv wel‡q KiYxq /497
8. wgivR /499
8. 1. KziAvb gvRx‡` Bmiv I wgivR /499
8. 2. wgiv‡Ri ZvwiL /501
8. 3. wgiv‡Ri weeiY /502
8. 4. wgivR welqK Rvj I wfwËnxb aviYv /503
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9. wKqvgv‡Zi AvjvgvZ /505
9. 1. wKqvgv‡Zi mgq I AvjvgZ /505
9. 2. Avjvgv‡Z myMiv /506
9. 3. Avjvgv‡Z Kzeiv /507
9. 4. wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ: gywg‡bi KiYxq /509
9. 5. Bgvg gvn`x /510
9. 6. Bgvg gvn`x `vwe`viMY /514
9. 7. weåvwšÍi KviY I cÖwZKvi /519
9. 8. `v¾vj /521
9. 9. Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY /528
9. 10. Cmv (Av) nIqvi `vwe`vi /529
9. 11. Cmvqx cÖPviK‡ì cÖZviYv /530
†kl K_v /532
MÖš’cÄx /533-544
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cÖ_g ce©
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Avj-wdKûj AvKevi
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Contents
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx I g~j¨vqb

wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: AvKx`v I Avj-wdKûj AvKevi
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Contents
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx I g~j¨vqb
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx cÖm‡½ mycÖwm× gynvwÏm I nv¤^vjx dKxn Avjvgv hvnvex (748 wn) cÖwm× GKwU KweZvi
D×„wZ w`‡q e‡jb:
.‫ وﻫذا أﻤر ﻻ ﺸك ﻓﯿﻪ‬.‫اﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ودﻗﺎﺌﻘﻪ ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻫذا اﻻﻤﺎم‬
‫ إذا اﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﻬﺎر إﻟﻰ دﻟﯿل‬: ‫وﻟﯿس ﯿﺼﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻻذﻫﺎن ﺸﺊ‬
ÒBjgyj wdKn I Gi m~²vwZm~² wel‡q †bZ…‡Z¡i gh©v`v G Bgv‡gi Rb¨ msiw¶Z| G‡Z †Kv‡bvB m‡›`n †bB| Òhw`
wèm‡K cÖgvY Ki‡Z `wj‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e Avi eyw×-we‡eK e‡j wKQzB _v‡K bvÓ| 1
A_©vr wè‡mi wèm‡Z¡ m‡›`n Kiv ev wèm‡K wèm e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z `wjj `vwe Kiv †hgb wbwðZ cvMjvwg, †Zgwb
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gh©v`vi wel‡q m‡›`n Kiv ev Zuvi gh©v`v cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv KivI Ávb RM‡Zi cvMjvwg e‡j
MY¨ nIqv DwPZ| ZviciI wKQzUv ÔcvMjvwgÕ Ki‡Z eva¨ njvg|
Avgvi GKvš— wcÖqfvRb K‡qKRb Avwjg I m‡PZb gvbyl Avgv‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡jb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g~j¨vqb welqwU
GKUz we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z| KviY ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖš’wU Bmjvgx AvKx`v wel‡q wjwLZ me©cÖ_g †gŠwjK MÖš’| G
MÖš’wUi welqe¯‘ Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© †jL‡Ki g~j¨vqb welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gvb hy‡MI Aviex, evsjv I
Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wel‡q weZK© DÌvwcZ n‡”Q| A‡bK AbymwÜrmy cvV‡Ki g‡b G welqK
A¯úóZv ev cÖkœ _vK‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ Zuvi Rxebx AwZ ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zuvi g~j¨vqb weZK©wU we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbvi †Póv
Kijvg|
1. hyM cwiwPwZ
gymwjg D¤§vni cÖwm× Pvi gyRZvwn` dKx‡ni g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (80-150 wn) cÖ_g| wZwb wQ‡jb Zvweqx
cÖR‡b¥i| Bgvg gvwjK Beb Avbvm (93-179 wn) I Bgvg gynv¤§v` Beb Bìxm kvwdqx (150-204 wn) Df‡q Zvwe-Zvweqx
cÖR‡b¥i| Avi Bgvg Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb nv¤^vj (164-241wn) wQ‡jb Zvwe-Zvweqx‡ì QvÎ ch©v‡qi| ivwngvûgyjvû:
gnvb Avjvn Zuv‡ì‡K ingZ Ki“b| e¯‘Z Zvweqx hy‡Mi dKxnM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvB Giƒc cÖwmw× jvf
K‡i‡Qb|
41 wnRix mv‡j gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi wLjvdZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DgvBqv hy‡Mi ïi“| 60 wnRix‡Z wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
Bqvwh` Beb gyAvweqv cÖvq Pvi ermi kvmb K‡ib (60-64 wn)| Zvi g„Zzï ci K‡qK gvm Zvi cyÎ gyAvweqv Ges ermi Lv‡bK
gviIqvb Bebyj nvKvg ivRZ¡ K‡ib (64-65 wn)| Zvi ci Zvi cyÎ Avãyj gvwjK cÖvq 21 ermi ivRZ¡ K‡ib (65-86 wn)|
132 wnRix ch©š— cieZ©x cÖvq 46 ermi Avãyj gvwj‡Ki cyÎ, †cŠÎ, fvwZRvMY ivRZ¡ cwiPvjbv K‡ib| 99 †_‡K 101 wnRix
mvj: cÖvq wZb ermi Dgvi Beb Avãyj Avhxh wLjvdZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Zuvi kvmbvgj ÒwLjvdv‡Z iv‡k`viÓ ch©vqfy³ e‡j
MY¨|
99 wnRix mvj †_‡KB Òbex-es‡ki ivRZ¡Ó †kvMv‡b †Mvc‡b AveŸvmx Av‡›`vjb ïi“ nq| 127 wnRix †_‡K cÖKvk¨
we‡`ªvn I hy× ïi“ nq| 132 wnRix‡Z DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi cZb N‡U I AveŸvmx wLjvdZ cÖwZôv cvq| cÖ_g AveŸvmx Ljxdv
Aveyj AveŸvm mvd&dvn cÖvq Pvi ermi (132-136 wn) Gici Ave~ Rvdi gvbm~i cÖvq 22 ermi (136-158 wn) ivRZ¡
K‡ib| ivóªxq DÌvb-cZb, Aw¯’iZv I cwieZ©‡bi cvkvcvwk ag©xq wek¦vm I K‡g©I bvbv `j-Dc`j Rb¥ †bq G mg‡qB|
Avf¨š—ixY mgm¨vw` m‡Ë¡I gymwjg ivóª ZrKvjxb we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg kw³ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ wQj| Pxb, ivwkqv I fvi‡Zi wKQz
Ask †_‡K DËi Avwd«Kv I †¯úb ch©š-— ZrKvjxb we‡k¦i A‡a©‡KiI †ewk- gymwjg iv‡óªi Aš—f©y³ wQj| A_©‰bwZK mg„w× I
ÁvbPP©vi e¨vcK cÖmvi N‡U|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi R‡b¥i c~‡e©B Avjx (iv)-Gi wLjvd‡Zi mg‡q LvwiRx I kxqv `ywU ivR‰bwZK-ag©xq wdiKvi Rb¥
nq| DgvBqv hy‡Mi gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K Kv`vwiqv, gyiwRqv, Rvnwgqv, gyZvwhjv cÖf„wZ wdiKvi D™¢e N‡U| G mg‡qB
DgvBqv Ljxdv Avãyj gvwj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rb¥ I AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvbm~‡ii mg‡q Zuvi IdvZ|
2. msw¶ß Rxebx
2. 1. esk I Rb¥
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi (ivn) c~Y© bvg ÔAve~ nvbxdv byÕgvb Beb mvweZ Beb h~Zv| Zuvi †cŠÎ BmgvCj Zuvi esk eY©bvq e‡jb,
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Avwg BmgvCj Beb nv¤§v` Beb bygvb Beb mvweZ Beb bygvb Beb gvihyevb| Avgiv cvim¨ es‡kv™¢~Z Ges KL‡bv
`vm‡Z¡i k„•L‡j Ave× nB wb| Avgvi `v`v 80 wnRix‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| mvweZ ˆkkeKv‡j Avjx (iv)-Gi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nb
Ges wZwb Zuvi I Zuvi es‡ki g½‡ji Rb¨ `yAvÕ K‡iwQ‡jb | Avgiv Avkv Kwi Zvui H `yAv wbõj nq wb| 2
Zuvi Rb¥ ZvwiL m¤ú‡K© †KD 60 wn. Ges †KD 70 wn. mvj D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z wZwb 80wn. (699 L„.)
mv‡j Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib|3
2. 2. wk¶vRxeb I D¯—v`MY
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi wk¶v Rxe‡bi ïi“‡Z KziAvb Kvixg gyL¯’ K‡ib| HwZnvwmKMY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb KziAvb
Kvix‡gi cÖwm× 7 Kvixi Ab¨Zg Kvix Avwmg Beb Avweb bvR~` (128 wn)-Gi wbKU Bjgyj wKivAvZ wk¶v K‡ib| 4 cieZ©x
mg‡q wZwb Bmjvgx Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq eyrcwË AR©b K‡ib|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv 80 wnRix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| mvnvex‡ì †KD †KD 110 wnRix mvj ch©š— RxweZ
wQ‡jb| Kv‡RB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvnvexi mv‡_ mv¶vr Kiv I wk¶v MÖnY Kiv LyeB m¤¢e wQj| ev¯—‡e
KZRb mvnvexi mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶vr n‡qwQj †m wel‡q weZK© i‡q‡Q| nvbvdx RxebxKviMY `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, K‡qKRb mvnvexi
mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶vr n‡qwQj| c¶vš—‡i `y-GKRb we‡ivax `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kv‡bv mvnvexi mv‡_B Zuvi mv¶vr nq wb| G cÖm‡½
mßg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× HwZnvwmK I kvwdqx dKxn Beb LvwjKvb Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Beivnxg (608-681 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﺴﻬل ﺒن ﺴﻌد‬،‫ أﻨس ﺒن ﻤﺎﻟك وﻋﺒد اﷲ ﺒن أﺒﻲ أوﻓﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻛوﻓﺔ‬:‫ رﻀوان اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻬم وﻫم‬،‫وأدرك أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أرﺒﻌﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬:‫ وأﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﯿﻘوﻟون‬،‫ وﻟم ﯿﻠق أﺤداً ﻤﻨﻬم وﻻ أﺨذ ﻋﻨﻪ‬،‫ وأﺒو اﻟطﻔﯿل ﻋﺎﻤر ﺒن واﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﻛﻤﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋدي ﺒﺎﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ‬
.‫ وﻟم ﯿﺜﺒت ذﻟك ﻋﻨد أﻫل اﻟﻨﻘل‬،‫وروى ﻋﻨﻬم‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv Pvi Rb mvnvexi (iv) mgq †c‡qwQ‡jb: (1) (emivq) Avbvm Beb gvwjK (92 wn), (2) K‚dvq Avãyjvn
Beb Avex AvIdv (87 wn), (3) g`xbvq mvnj Beb mvÕ` mvwq`x (88 wn) Ges (4) g°vq AveyZ ZzdvBj Avwgi Beb
Iqvwmjv (110 wn)| Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv mv‡_B Zuvi mv¶vr nq wb Ges Kv‡iv †_‡KB wZwb wKQz wk¶v MÖnY K‡ib wb| Zuvi
Abymvixiv e‡jb †h, K‡qKRb mvnvexi mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶vr n‡qwQj Ges wZwb Zuv‡ì †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
gynvwÏmM‡Yi wbKU G welq cÖgvwYZ nq wb|Ó 5
nvbvdx RxebxKviM‡Yi eY©bvq 7 Rb mvnvexi mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶vr n‡qwQj:
(1) Rvwei Beb Avãyjvn Beb Avgi Beb nvivg Avbmvix LvhivRx gv`vbx, ivw`qvjvû Avbû (70 wnRixi ci)
(2) Avãyjvn Beb DbvBm. ivw`qvjvû Avbû (85 wn ev Zuvi c~‡e©)
(3) Iqvwmjv Bebyj AvmKv Beb KvÕe Beb Avwgi jvBmx kvgx, ivw`qvjvû Avbû (85 wn)
(4) Avãyjvn Beb Avex AvIdv: AvjKvgv Beb Lvwj` Bebyj nvwim Avmjvgx K‚dx, ivw`qvjvû Avbû (87 wn)
(5) Aveyj nvwim Avãyjvn Bebyj nvwim Beb Ryh Beb Avãyjøvn Beb gvÕ`xKvwie hvex`x wgmix, ivw`qvjvû Avbû (88
wn)
(6) Avbvm Beb gvwjK Bebyb bvì Beb `vg`vg Beb hvB` nvivg Avbmvix bv¾vix gv`vbx, ivw`qvjvn Avbû
(92/93 wn)
(7) Av‡qkv webZ AvRiv`| Zuvi g„Zz¨ ZvwiL Ges Ab¨vb¨ cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv| wZwb Beb AveŸvm I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex
†_‡K K‡qKwU nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| HwZnvwmK I wiRvjwe`MY Zuv‡K Zvweqx wn‡m‡eB D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD Zuv‡K
mvnvex e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| 6
G cÖm‡½ beg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm, HwZnvwmK I nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv gvng~` Beb Avng` eì“Ïxb
AvBbx (762-855 wn) e‡jb: Rvwei Beb Avãyjvn (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶v‡Zi eY©bvwU evn¨ZB mwVK bq| Z‡e
Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶v‡Zi m¤¢vebv evwZj Kiv hvq bv| †h‡nZz Zuvi RxebxKviMY Zv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †m‡nZz mywbw`©ó
cÖgvY Qvov Zv A¯^xKvi Kiv A‡hŠw³K c¶cvZg~jK AvPiY e‡j MY¨| 7
ev¯Í‡e cÖvq mKj RxebxKvi, wiRvjwe` I HwZnvwmK GKgZ †h mvnvex Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Zuvi
mv¶vr n‡qwQj| Avjvgv AvBbx e‡jb:
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Contents
‫ ﻗﺎل اﺒن ﻛﺜﯿر ﻓﻰ‬.‫ وﻻ ﯿﺸك ﻓﯿﻪ إﻻ ﺠﺎﻫل وﺤﺎﺴد‬،‫ رأى أﻨس ﺒن ﻤﺎﻟك‬،‫ ﻤن ﺴﺎدات اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن‬،‫ رﻀﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ وذﻛر اﻟﺨطﯿب ﻓﻰ ﺘﺎرﯿﺦ ﺒﻐداد أن أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رأى‬.‫ وﻏﯿرﻩ‬:‫ ﻗﯿل‬،‫ ورأى أﻨس ﺒن ﻤﺎﻟك‬،‫ أدرك ﻋﺼر اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬.... ‫ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬:‫ﺘﺎرﯿﺨﻪ‬
،‫ وﻏﯿرﻫم ﻤن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬،‫ وﻛذا ذﻛر اﻟذﻫﺒﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺎﺸف‬،‫ وذﻛر اﻟﻤزى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻬذﯿب أﻨﻪ رأى أﻨس ﺒن ﻤﺎﻟك‬.‫أﻨس ﺒن ﻤﺎﻟك‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv ivw`qvjvû Avbû ZvweqxM‡Yi Aš—f©y³ wQ‡jb| wZwb Avbvm Beb gvwjK‡K †`‡L‡Qb| G wel‡q GKgvÎ
†Kv‡bv gyL© ev wnsmyK Qvov †KD m‡›`n K‡ib wb| Beb Kvmxi Zuvi BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdv ... mvnvex‡ì hyM
†c‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Avbvm Beb gvwjK‡K †`‡L‡Qb| ejv nq †h wZwb Ab¨ mvnvex‡KI †`‡L‡Qb| LvZxe evM`v`x ZvixL evM`v`
MÖ‡š’ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Ave~ nvbxdv Avbvm Beb gvwjK‡K †`‡L‡Qb| wgh&hx Zuvi Zvnhxeyj Kvgvj MÖ‡š’ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb
Avbvm Beb gvwjK‡K †`‡L‡Qb| hvnvex Zuvi ÔAvj-KvwkdÕ MÖ‡š’ welqwU D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ AvwjgI GKB K_v
wj‡L‡Qb|Ó 8
GQvov Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ZrKvjxb gymwjg we‡k¦i, we‡klZ Biv‡Ki mKj cÖwm× Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx Avwjg †_‡K
Bmjvgx Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq wk¶v MÖnY K‡ib| Avjvgv eì“Ïxb AvBbx (855 wn) D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Avh‡gi wkÿK‡ì
msL¨v cÖvq Pvi nvRvi| Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm¸wji msKjb Ògymbv` Avex nvbxdvÓ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Zuvi Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx D¯—v`M‡Yi
msL¨v cÖvq 200|9
cÖwm× gynvwÏm, wiRvjwe` I kvwdqx dKxn Bgvg BDm~d Beb Avãyi ivngvb Aveyj nv¾vR wgh&hx (742 wn) wmnvn-wmËvn
MÖš’¸‡jvi ivexM‡Yi Rxebxg~jK ÔZvnhxeyj KvgvjÕ MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi nv`x‡mi DmZv`M‡Yi g‡a¨ 77 R‡bi bvg
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, hv‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi nv`xm wewfbœ MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ| Zuv‡ì AwaKvskB Zvweqx| †KD †KD Bgvg
Avh‡gi mgmvgwqK Ges †KD †KD Zvwe-Zvweqx| G‡ì AwaKvskB ZrKvjxb hy‡Mi mycÖwm× gynvwÏm I nv`x‡mi Bgvg e‡j MY¨
wQ‡jb| G‡ì AwaKvs‡ki ewY©Z nv`xm eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ mycÖwm× nv`xmMÖ‡š’ msKwjZ| 10
2. 3. Aa¨vcbv I QvÎMY
D¯—v`‡ì RxeÏkv‡ZB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwmw× Qwo‡q c‡o| we‡klZ wdK‡n Zuvi cÖavb D¯—v` cÖwm× Zvweqx nv¤§v`
Beb Avex myjvBgvb (120 wn)-Gi g„Zzï ci wZwb Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb Ges K‚dvi †kªô dKxn wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| cieZ©x
wÎk ermi wZwb M‡elYv I Aa¨vcbvq AwZevwnZ K‡ib| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g~j¨vqb welqK cwi‡”Q‡` Avgiv †`Le †h, Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKnx gZ Zuvi RxeÏkv‡ZB gymwjg we‡k¦i me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o| Zvweqx hy‡Mi Avi †Kv‡bv dKxn Giƒc cÖwmw× jvf
K‡ib wb| ¯^fveZB gymwjg we‡k¦i mKj cÖvš— †_‡K wk¶v_©xiv Zuvi wbKU wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z Avm‡Zb| Zuvi 97 Rb gynvwÏm Qv‡Îi
GKwU ZvwjKv †ck K‡i‡Qb Bgvg wgh&hx| Zuv‡ì AwaKvskB †m hy‡Mi cÖwm× gynvwÏm wQ‡jb Ges Zuv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn
eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡n msKwjZ| GQvov Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi G mKj Qv‡Îi A‡b‡KB cieZ©x cÖvq
Aa© kZvãx hver K‚dv, emiv, evM`v`, kxivh, IqvwmZ, ivB, Lyivmvbmn gymwjg we‡k¦i mKj cÖwm× Rbc‡ì wePviK ev Kvwhi
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| G‡ì mK‡jB 150 †_‡K 230 wnRixi g‡a¨ B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|11
Avjvgv AvBbx G mKj Qv‡Îi evB‡i Av‡i 260 Rb Qv‡Îi bvg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb hviv Bgvg Avhg †_‡K nv`xm I wdKn
wk¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb gymwjg we‡k¦i ZrKvjxb cÖwm× cÖwZwU kn‡ii bvg D‡jL K‡i Z_vKvi K‡qKRb cÖwm× Avwj‡gi bvg
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb hviv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K nv`xm I wdKn wk¶v K‡i G mKj kni I bM‡i Bjg cÖPv‡i iZ †_‡K‡Qb| Zuv‡ì
A‡b‡KB G mKj kn‡ii wePvicwZ, Bgvg ev cÖwm× Avwjg wQ‡jb| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, ZrKvjxb gymwjg we‡k¦i cÖwZwU kn‡iB
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi A‡bK cÖwm× QvÎ wQ‡jb| 12
2. 4. AvLjvK
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvLjvK I Bev`Z †m gyeviK hy‡Mi †bKKvi‡ìI `„wó AvKl©Y KiZ| HwZnvwmKMY D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb Aviex fvlvq D”Pv‡½i mvwnZ¨ cÖwZfv I cÖvÄj fvlvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zuvi e³e¨ †kªvZv‡K AvKl©Y
KiZ| hLb K_v ej‡Zb ZLb g‡b n‡Zv mKj gvby‡li g‡a¨ wZwbB m‡e‡P‡q fvj K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zuvi K_vB
me‡P‡q mywgó| mn‡RB wZwb wb‡Ri e³e¨ †kªvZv‡K eySv‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zuvi †`‡ni iO wQj my›ì Ges wKQzUv ev`vgx|
gyLgÊj I Aeqe wQj my›ì I AvKl©Yxq| wZwb my›ì I cwicvwU †cvkvK cwiavb Ki‡Zb Ges me©`v myMÜgq _vK‡Zb|
GgbwK wZwb hLb evwo †_‡K †e‡iv‡Zb ZLb Zuv‡K †`Lvi Av‡MB Zuvi myMwÜi gva¨‡g Zvi AvMgb eySv †hZ| Zuvi QvÎ Ave~
BDmyd Zvi eY©bv w`‡q e‡jb:
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Contents
‫ وأﻨﺒﻬﻬم ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ وﻛﺎن أﺤﺴن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻤﻨطﻘﺎ وأﺤﻼﻫم ﻨﻐﻤﺔ‬،‫ ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺼﯿر وﻻ ﺒﺎﻟطوﯿل‬،‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺒﻌﺎ ﻤن اﻟرﺠﺎل‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﯿرﯿد‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv wQ‡jb gvSvwi AvK…wZi gvbyl, †eu‡UI bb Ges †ewk j¤^vI bb| gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ K_vevZ©vq wZwb wQ‡jb
me‡P‡q my›ì, Zuvi K_vi gvayh©¨ wQj me‡P‡q †ewk Ges wZwb Zuvi g‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mevi †P‡q fvj eySv‡Z cvi‡Zb|Ó 13
Zuvi wel‡q Dgvi Beby nv¤§v` e‡jb:
‫ ﻛﺜﯿر اﻟﺘﻌطر ﯿﻌرف ﺒرﯿﺢ اﻟطﯿب إذا أﻗﺒل ٕواذا ﺨرج ﻤن ﻤﻨزﻟﻪ‬،‫ ﺤﺴن اﻟﻬﯿﺌﺔ‬،‫ وﻛﺎن ﻟﺒﺴﺎ‬،‫ ﺘﻌﻠوﻩ ﺴﻤرة‬،‫إن أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻛﺎن طواﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺒل أن ﺘراﻩ‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv wKQzUv j¤^v wQ‡jb| Zuvi Mv‡qi iO wQj wKQzUv ev`vgx| wZwb cwicvwU †cvkvK cwiavb Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †cvkvK
cwi”Q` I Aeqe wQj my›ì| wZwb AvZi eënvi LyeB cQ›` Ki‡Zb| wZwb hLb †Kv_vI †h‡Zb ev evwo †_‡K †ei n‡Zb ZLb
Zuv‡K †`Lvi Av‡MB myMwÜ †_‡KB Zuvi AvMgb eySv †hZ|Ó 14
nvBmvgx e‡jb: j¤^v nIqv I gvSvwi nIqvi g‡a¨ g~jZ êcixZ¨ †bB| G `ywU eY©bvi mgš^q n‡jv †h, wZwb †ewk j¤^v
wQ‡jb bv, Kv‡RB Zv‡K gvSvwiB ej‡Z n‡e| Z‡e gvSvwi‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb j¤^v e‡j we‡ewPZ wQ‡jb| 15
Zuvi Ab¨ QvÎ cÖwm× gynvwÏm Avãyjvn Bebyj gyevivK e‡jb:
‫ ﺤﺴن اﻟﺜوب‬،‫ ﺤﺴن اﻟوﺠﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎن ﺤﺴن اﻟﺴﻤت‬
ÒZuvi evwn¨K cÖKvk I Aeqe wQj my›ì, gyLgÊj wQj my›ì Ges †cvkvK-cwi”Q` wQj my›ì|Ó 16
Zuvi Ab¨ QvÎ cÖwm× gynvwÏm Ave~ byAvBg dv`j Beby `yKvBb e‡jb:
‫ وﻛﺜﯿر اﻟﺒر واﻟﻤؤاﺴﺎة ﻟﻛل ﻤن أطﺎف ﺒﻪ‬،‫ واﻟﻨﻌل‬،‫ واﻟﺜوب‬،‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺤﺴن اﻟوﺠﻪ‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdvi gyLÊj, †cvkvK, RyZv meB wQj my›ì| Zuvi Av‡kcv‡k hviv _vK‡Zb Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki DcKvi, Kj¨vY
I mngwg©Zvq wZwb me©`v m‡Pó _vK‡Zb|Ó 17
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv eo eëmvqx I abx wQ‡jb| Avi Zuvi abm¤ú` gvby‡li Rb¨, we‡klZ Avwjg‡ì Rb¨ e¨q Kivi †¶‡Î
wZwb wQ‡jb D`vin¯—| wZwb wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii Rb¨ †hfv‡e LiP Ki‡Zb †mfv‡eB LiP Ki‡Zb Avwjg, Zvwjeyj Bjg I QvÎ‡ì
Rb¨|| wb‡Ri Rb¨ Kvco wKb‡j Zv‡ì RbÏ wKb‡Zb| djg~j ev Lv`¨vw` µq Ki‡j wZwb Avwjg I QvÎ‡ì Rb¨ Av‡M µq
K‡i Zvici wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii Rb¨ µq Ki‡Zb| Avi nv`xqv, `vb, Aby`vb I c‡ivcKv‡ii Rb¨ hLb wKQz µq Ki‡Zb ZLb Zuvi
m‡e©v”P mva¨vbymv‡i Zv µq Ki‡Zb| wb‡Ri ev cwiev‡ii Rb¨ wKQz wbgœgv‡bi `ªe¨ µq Ki‡jI Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ Zv Ki‡Zb bv| Avi
QvÎ‡ì wZwb wb‡RB fiY‡cvlY Ki‡Zb| GgbwK A‡bK `wi`ª QvÎ Zvi mvnPv‡h© G‡m m”Qj n‡q hvq| Zuvi wcÖq QvÎ Ave~ BDmyd
I Zvi cwievi‡K wZwb `k ermi cÖwZcvjb K‡ib|18
ZrKvjxb mycÖwm× Avwjg I eyRyM© dz`vBj Beby Bqv` (187 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻛﻼم ٕواﻛرام اﻟﻌﻠم وأﻫﻠﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻤﻌروﻓﺎ ﺒﻛﺜرة اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv AwZ cwiwPZ êwkó¨ wQj †h, wZwb KvR †ewk Ki‡Zb Ges K_v Kg ej‡Zb| wZwb Bjg Ges
AvwjgMY‡K AZ¨š— m¤§vb Ki‡Zb|Ó 19
Zuvi Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wQj AmvaviY Bev`Z, Zvnv¾y` I wKqvgyjvBj| 20 cvkvcvwk wZwb wQ‡jb n‡°i wel‡q
Av‡cvlnxb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖK…wZ wel‡q msw¶ß eY©bv †`b Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d| Ljxdv nviƒb ivkx` (wLjvdvZ 170-193
wn) wePvicwZ Ave~ BDmyd‡K e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdvi AvLjvK I cÖK…wZi GKwU weeiY Avgv‡K ejby †Zv| ZLb Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd
e‡jb:
‫ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﺒﺎ‬،‫ ﯿﺤب أن ﯿطﺎع اﷲ وﻻ ﯿﻌﺼﻰ‬،‫ ﺸدﯿد اﻟورع أن ﯿﻨطق ﻓﻲ دﯿن اﷲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯿﻌﻠم‬،‫أﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﺸدﯿد اﻟذب ﻋن ﻤﺤﺎرم اﷲ أن ﺘؤﺘﻰ‬
‫ إن ﺴﺌل ﻋن‬،‫ وﻻ ﺜرﺜﺎرا‬،‫ ﻟم ﯿﻛن ﻤﻬذارا‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠم واﺴﻊ‬،‫ داﺌم اﻟﻔﻛر‬،‫ طوﯿل اﻟﺼﻤت‬،‫ ﻻ ﯿﻨﺎﻓس ﻓﻲ ﻋزﻫﺎ‬،‫ﻷﻫل اﻟدﻨﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ زﻤﺎﻨﻬم‬
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Contents
‫ ﺒذوﻻ ﻟﻠﻌﻠم‬،‫ ﺼﺎﺌﻨﺎ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ودﯿﻨﻪ‬،‫ ٕوان ﻛﺎن ﻏﯿر ذﻟك ﻗﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤق واﺘﺒﻌﻪ‬،‫ ﻨطق وأﺠﺎب ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺴﻤﻊ‬،‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨدﻩ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠم‬
‫ ﻻ ﯿذﻛر أﺤدا إﻻ ﺒﺨﯿر‬،‫ ﺒﻌﯿدا ﻋن اﻟﻐﯿﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﻻ ﯿﻤﯿل إﻟﻰ طﻤﻊ‬،‫ ﻤﺴﺘﻐﻨﯿﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋن ﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس‬،‫واﻟﻤﺎل‬
ÒAvjvni `xb we‡ivax mKj wKQz‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î wZwb wQ‡jb Av‡cvlnxb| wZwb AZ¨š— ci‡nhMvi I Avjvnfxi“
wQ‡jb| `x‡bi wel‡q bv †R‡b wKQzB ej‡Zb bv| wZwb PvB‡Zb †h, Avjvni AvbyMZ¨ Kiv †nvK Ges Zvi Aeva¨Zv bv †nvK| wZwb
Zuvi hy‡Mi `ywbqvgywL gvbyl‡ì‡K cwinvi K‡i Pj‡Zb| RvMwZK m¤§vb-gh©v`v wb‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb bv| Mfxi
Áv‡bi AaxKvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I wZwb AwaKvsk mgq bxie _vK‡Zb Ges wPš—v-M‡elYvq iZ _vK‡Zb| †ewk K_v ejv ev ev‡R K_v
ejvi †Kv‡bv ¯^fve Zuvi wQj bv| †Kv‡bv gvmAvjv m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwb kÖ“wZ ev nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z Zvi Reve w`‡Zb| †m
wel‡q †Kv‡bv kÖ“wZ bv _vK‡j mwVK wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g DËi w`‡Zb I Zv AbymiY Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zuvi wb‡R‡K I Zuvi `xb‡K
msi¶Y Ki‡Zb| Zuvi Ávb I m¤ú` wZwb AKvZ‡i LiP Ki‡Zb| wZwb mKj gvby‡li †_‡K wb‡R‡K AgyLv‡c¶x ivL‡Zb|
†Kv‡bv †jvf Zv‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Zv bv| wZwb MxeZ ev ciPP©v †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Zb| Kv‡iv K_v D‡jL Ki‡j ïay fvj K_vB
ej‡Zb|Ó21
Zuvi Av‡cvlnxbZvi me‡P‡q eo wb`k©b wQj ivóªxq `vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ| kZ PvcvPvwc I wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I
wZwb G mKj `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib wb| KviY wZwb Kv‡iv gyL †P‡q wePvi Ki‡Z ev Ab¨vq wePv‡ii `vqfvi wb‡q Avjvni
ìev‡i nvwhi n‡Z ivwh wQ‡jb bv| ivex Beby Avwmg e‡jb, DgvBqv miKv‡ii Mfb©i Bqvwh` Beby Dgvi Beby ûevBiv (132
wn)-Gi wb‡`©‡k Avwe Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Zvi Kvh©vj‡q wb‡q Avwm| wZwb Zv‡K evBZzj gv‡ji `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z wb‡`©k cÖ`vb
K‡ib| wKš‘ Ave~ nvbxdv Zv A¯^xKvi K‡ib| GKvi‡Y Beby ûevBiv Zv‡K 20 wU †eÎvNvZ K‡ib| Beb ûevBiv Zuv‡K
wePvicwZ `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi Aby‡iva Ki‡j wZwb ZvI cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| 22
G NUbv N‡U 130 wnRix mv‡ji w`‡K, hLb Zuvi eqm cÖvq 50 ermi| AveŸvmx wLjvdZ cÖwZôvi ci wØZxq AveŸvmx
Ljxdv gvbm~i 150 wnRix‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K evM`v‡` †W‡K wePvicwZi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib| wZwb A¯^xKvi Ki‡j
µz× Ljxdv Zv‡K Kvivi“× K‡ib Ges KvivMv‡iB Zuvi g„Zz¨ nq|23
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wQj ü`‡qi cÖk¯—Zv| wZwb ej‡Zb:
‫اﻟﻠﻬم ﻤن ﻀﺎق ﺒﻨﺎ ﺼدرﻩ ﻓﺎن ﻗﻠوﺒﻨﺎ ﻗد اﺘﺴﻌت ﻟﻪ‬
Ò†n Avjvn, Avgv‡ì wel‡q hvi Aš—i msKxY© n‡q‡Q, Zvi wel‡q Avgv‡ì Aš—i cÖk¯— n‡q‡Q|Ó24
Avãym mvgv` Beby nvm&mvb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن ﺒﯿن ﺴﻔﯿﺎن اﻟﺜوري وأﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺸﺊ ﻓﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أﻛﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺴﺎﻨﺎ‬
ÒmydBqvb mvIix I Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡a¨ we‡iva-mgm¨v wQj| G‡¶‡Î Df‡qi g‡a¨ Ave~ nvbxdv AwaK evKmshgx
wQ‡jb|Ó 25
Bqvwh` Beby nviƒb e‡jb:
‫ ﻏﻔر اﷲ ﻟك ﻫو‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،‫ ﯿﺎ زﻨدﯿق‬:‫ إن إﻨﺴﺎﻨﺎً اﺴﺘطﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻗﺎل ﻟﻪ‬...‫ﻤﺎ رأﯿت أﺤداً أﺤﻠم ﻤن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﯿﻌﻠم ﻤﻨﻲ ﺨﻼف ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘول‬
ÒAvwg Ave~ nvbxdvi †P‡q AwaK w¯’iwPË I cÖk¯—ü`q Avi KvD‡K †`wLwb| .... GKevi GK e¨w³ Zuvi mv‡_ `ye©ënvi
K‡i Ges Zuv‡K e‡j: †n wh›`xK| wZwb DË‡i e‡jb: Avjvn †Zvgv‡K ¶gv Ki“b, wZwb Rv‡bb †h Zzwg hv e‡jQ Avwg Zv
bB|Ó 26
2. 5. g„Zz¨
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) 150 wnRix mv‡ji ga¨ kvev‡bi iRbx‡Z evM`v‡ì KvivMv‡i g„ZzëiY K‡ib| evM`v‡ì
LvBhyivb Kei¯’v‡b Zuvi `vdb nq| cÖwm× gZ Abymv‡i g„Zzï mgq Zuvi eqm wQj 70 ermi| 27
3. gh©v`v I g~j¨vqb: ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mZK©Zv
†Kv‡bv gvby‡li Bgvg ev Ijx-eyRyM© nIqvi A_© G bq †h, wZwb wbf©yj ev gvbexq `ye©jZvi E‡×©| gvbexq `ye©jZvq †KD
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Contents
†Kv‡bv fyj ev Ab¨vq K_v e‡j‡Qb cÖgvwYZ nIqvi A_© G bq †h, wZwb Ijx ev Bgvg bb, A_ev Zuvi me K_vB fyj|
Bmjvgx wek¦v‡m ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi c‡i Avi †KDB gvm~g A_©vr wb®úvc ev Aåvš— bb| mKj Avwjg, Bgvg I Ijx
gvbexq `ye©jZvi Aaxb wQ‡jb| †µvavwš^Z n‡q, fyj ey‡S G‡K Ac‡ii wei“‡× e‡j‡Qb, GgbwK hy×I K‡i‡Qb| KL‡bv fyj
eyS‡Z cvi‡j ev †µva `~ixf~Z n‡j ¶gv †P‡q‡Qb ev fyj ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| KL‡bv wZwb fyj eyS‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zuviv Avjvni
`xb, Inxi Bjg I mybœv‡Zi cvjb I cÖPv‡i wb‡R‡ì Rxeb AKvZ‡i e¨q K‡i‡Qb, Zuv‡ì BRwZnv` Abymv‡i hv mZ¨, mwVK
ev n° e‡j eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Zv i¶vq †Kv‡bv Av‡cvm K‡ib wb| cvkvcvwk KL‡bv KL‡bv Zuviv BRwZnv‡` fyj K‡i‡Qb|
gynvwÏmMY Ges Rvin-Zv`x‡ji BgvgMY Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm I nv`x‡mi ivex‡ì g~j¨vq‡b me©vZ¥K wbi‡c¶Zvi mv‡_
m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb| GKRb gynvwÏ‡mi ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm‡ì eY©bvi mv‡_ Zzjbv I wbi‡c¶ wbix¶vi gva¨‡g
Zuviv Zuv‡ì g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| wb‡Ri wcZv, mš—vb ev D¯—v‡ì wei“‡×I Zuviv gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv
gvbexq `ye©jZvq Avµvš— n‡q Kv‡iv Aí fyj‡K eo K‡i †`‡L‡Qb ev Kv‡iv A‡bK fyj‡K nvjKv K‡i †`‡L‡Qb| c~e©eZ©x
Kv‡iv wm×vš— fyj ev c¶cvZ`yó n‡j Zv cieZ©xMY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| nv`xm, wdKn, AvKx`v †Kv‡bv wel‡qB gymwjg D¤§vni
AvwjgMY c~e©eZ©x AvwjgMY‡K wb®úvc ev wbf©yj e‡j MY¨ K‡ib wb Ges Aeg~j¨vqbI K‡ib wb| Zuv‡ì cwic~Y© g~j¨vqb I
kª×v-mn Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv wm×vš— fyj e‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡j Zuviv Zv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi †jLv Ònv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZÓ
Ges Òeyn~myb dx Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ cvV Ki‡j cvVK gynvwÏmM‡Yi mgv‡jvPbvi g~jbxwZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
A‡bK cÖwm× Avwjg Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× e‡j‡Qb| Avgiv Zuv‡ì e³e¨ mg_©b ev LÊb Kie| mg_©b A_© AÜ
mg_©b bq| Avevi LÊ‡bi A_© G bq †h, Avgiv D³ Avwj‡gi Bjg, ZvKIqv ev wL`g‡Zi cÖwZ KUv¶ KiwQ| K¶‡bv bq!
Avgiv D¤§v‡Zi mKj Avwjg, Bgvg I eyRyM©‡K fvjevwm| Avgiv Zuv‡ì‡K Zuv‡ì e¨w³‡Z¡i Rb¨ bq, eis Avjvni Rb¨ fvjevwm|
Avgiv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Bgvg eyLvix ev Ab¨ KvD‡K n°-evwZ‡ji gvb`Ê wn‡m‡e MÖnY KiwQ bv| eis mevB‡K Avjvni Rb¨
fvjevwm| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi †h, Zuviv Bmjv‡gi Rb¨, KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Bj‡gi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì Rxeb‡K Kzievwb K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì
gva¨‡gB Avgiv `xb †c‡qwQ| Avjvn Zuv‡ì mKj‡K Avgv‡ì c¶ †_‡K m‡e©vËg cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Ki“b| Z‡e Zv‡ì KvD‡K
Avgiv wb®úvc ev wbf©yj g‡b Kwi bv| Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv wm×vš— fyj e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡j Zv D‡jøL Kivq Zuv‡ì Aeg~j¨vqb nq bv|
4. wØZxq kZ‡Ki gynvwÏmM‡Yi `„wó‡Z Ave~ nvbxdv
wnRix wØZxq kZ‡K gymwjg wek¦ wQj Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx Avwjg, gynvwÏm I dKxnM‡Yi eiKZgq hyM| nv`xm,
wdKn I Ab¨vb¨ mKj Bmjvgx Áv‡b cvi`k©x BgvgM‡Yi wePi‡Y cwic~Y© wQj g°v, g`xbv, Kzdv, emiv, `vwgkK, evM`v` I
†m hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ Rbc`| G mKj cÖwm× AvwjgM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gh©v`v I cÖwmw× Avgiv mn‡RB Abygvb
Ki‡Z cvwi hLb Avgiv †`wL †h, DgvBqv I AveŸvmxq Dfq miKvi Zuv‡K wePviK c‡` †c‡Z D`MÖxe wQj| DgvBqv
wLjvd‡Zi †kl w`‡K, hLb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi eqm 50-Gi †KvVvq ZLbB Zuvi cÖwmw× I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡Y Biv‡Ki
DgvBqv Mfb©i Beb ûevBiv (132 wn) Zuv‡K wePviK c` MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ cxovcxwo K‡ib| AveŸvmx wLjvdvZ cÖwZôvi ci
Ljxdv gvbm~i (ivRZ¡ 136-158 wn) Zuvi wLjvdv‡Zi gh©v`v I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv e„w×i Rb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K wePvicwZi
`vwqZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ D`MÖxe n‡q c‡ob| wZwb `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡j Zuv‡K eva¨ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib Ges Kvivi“×
K‡ib|
wØZxq GKwU welq j¶Yxq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c‡¶i I wec‡¶i mKj g‡Zi gynvwÏm, dKxn I M‡elK GKgZ †h,
Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d (113-182 wn) ZrKvjxb hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg †kªô dKxn, wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm I nvwdhyj nv`xm wQ‡jb| wZwbB
me©cÖ_g gymwjg we‡k¦ ÒKvwhj KzhvZÓ, A_©vr ÔcÖavb wePvicwZÕ Dcvwa jvf K‡ib| wZbRb AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvn`x, nv`x I nviƒb
ikx‡ì kvmbvg‡j cÖvq 24 ermi wZwb cÖavb wePvicwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges `vwqZ¡iZ Ae¯’vq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| G hyM‡kªô
Avwjg wb‡R‡K Avey nvbxdvi QvÎ wn‡m‡e †MŠievwš^Z g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges Zuvi g‡Zi c‡¶ wdKnx I Dm~jx A‡bK MÖš’ wZwb iPbv
K‡ib| G †_‡KI Avgiv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gh©v`v Lye mn‡RB Abyfe Ki‡Z cvwi|
Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU welq j¶Yxq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv K‚dvi gvbyl wQ‡jb| Ljxdv gvbm~‡ii Wv‡K wZwb evM`v‡ì Mgb
K‡ib| wePvicwZi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi wel‡q Ljxdvi Aby‡iva cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡j Zuv‡K KvivMv‡i ivLv nq Ges †mLv‡bB wZwb
g„ZzëiY K‡ib| ZrKvjxb cwi‡e‡k Kydv I evM`v` m¤ú~Y© c„_K `ywU †`‡ki gZ| GRb¨ Kzdvq Zuvi RbwcÖqZv _vK‡jI
evM`v‡` bevMZ I Ljxdv KZ©„K Kvivi“× Giƒc e¨w³i RbwcÖqZv _vKvi K_v bq| wKš‘ HwZnvwmKMY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h,
Zuvi mvjvZzj Rvbvhvq GZ cÖPÊ fxo nq †h, Qq evi Zuvi Rvbvhv cov nq| `vd‡bi ci Ljxdv gbm~i wb‡R Ke‡ii cv‡k
Rvbvhv c‡ob| Gici cÖvq 20 w`b gvby‡liv Ke‡ii cv‡k mvjvZzj Rvbvhv Av`vq K‡i| 28
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwmw× I RbwcÖqZv Zuvi g„Zzï c~‡e©B Zuvi wbR †`k Qvwo‡q wKfv‡e mgMÖ gymwjg we‡k¦ Qwo‡q
c‡owQj Zv Avgiv G NUbv †_‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z cviwQ| GiciI Avgiv Zuvi m¤ú‡K© wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× KwZcq
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Contents
Avwj‡gi e³e¨ D×„Z KiwQ|

(1) gyMxivn Beb wgKmvg `veŸx K‚dx (136 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wk¶K ch©v‡qi mycÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm I dKxn gyMxivn Beb wgKmvg| wZwb Kzdvi evwm›`v
wQ‡jb| eyLvix I gymwjgmn mKj gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi QvÎ cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm, dKxn I
wePvicwZ Rvixi Beb Avãyj nvgx` `veŸx (188 wn)| eyLvix, gymwjg I mKj gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| mvBgvix,
hvnvex, Beb nvRvi I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuv‡ì mb‡` Zuvi †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
‫ واﷲ ﯿﺤﺴن أن ﯿﺘﻛﻠم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻼل‬... .‫ ﺠﺎﻟس أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺘﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﺈن إﺒراﻫﯿم اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻟو ﻛﺎن ﺤﯿﺎً ﻟﺠﺎﻟﺴﻪ‬:‫ﻗﺎل ﻟﻲ ﻤﻐﯿرة‬
‫واﻟﺤرام‬
ÒAvgv‡K gyMxivn e‡jb: Zzwg Ave~ nvbxdvi gvRwj‡m em‡e, Zvn‡j wdKn wkL‡Z cvi‡e| KviY (Kzdvi cÖwm×
gynvwÏm I dKxn, gyMxivi D¯—v`) Beivnxg bvLqx (95 wn) hw` †eu‡P _vK‡Zb Zvn‡j wZwbI Ave~ nvbxdvi gvRwj‡m
em‡Zb| ... Avjvni Kmg! nvjvj I nviv‡gi wel‡q †m fvjfv‡e K_v ejvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L|Ó 29
(2) myjvBgvb Beb wgnivb Avj-AvÕgvk (148 wn)
K‚dvi mycÖwm× gynvwÏm Zvweqx myjvBgvb Beb wgnivb Avj-AvÕgvk (148 wn)| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi wbKU †_‡K
nv`xm wk¶v K‡ib| wZwb A‡bK mgq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Zb, Zzwg G gvmAvjvwU †Kvb `wj‡ji wfwË‡Z
e‡jQ? Ave~ nvbxdv DËi Ki‡Zb, Avcbvi ewY©Z AgyK nv`xmwUi wfwË‡Z| ZLb wZwb AevK n‡q ej‡Zb,
‫ﯿﺎ ﻤﻌﺸر اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء أﻨﺘم اﻷطﺒﺎء وﻨﺤن اﻟﺼﯿﺎدﻟﺔ‬
Ò†n dKxnMY! †Zvgiv Wv³vi Avi Avgiv dvg©vwm÷!Ó 30
AvÕgvk hLb n‡¾ hvb ZLb wZwb Zuvi QvÎ Avjx Beb gymwni‡K e‡jb, Ave~ nvbxdvi KvQ †_‡K Avgv‡ì Rb¨ n‡¾i
wbqgKvbyb wj‡L Avb| Zuv‡K wdKnx gvmAvjv wRÁvmv Kiv n‡j wZwb ej‡Zb:
‫إﻨﻤﺎ ﯿﺤﺴن اﻟﺠواب ﻓﻰ ﻫذا وﻤﺜﻠﻪ اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت اﻟﺨزاز وأراﻩ ﺒورك ﻟﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬
ÒG¸‡jvi DËi †Zv †Kej Kvco eëmvqx bygvb Beb mvweZB ej‡Z cv‡i| Avgvi aviYv Zvi Bj‡g eiKZ cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó 31
(3) wgmAvi Beb wK`vg Beb hvnxi K‚dx (155 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK Kzdvi mycÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm Bgvg wgmAvi Beb wK`vg| eyLvix, gymwjg I
Ab¨vb¨ mKj Bgvg Zuvi eY©bv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q e‡jb:
‫ ﻤن ﺠﻌل أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺒﯿﻨﻪ وﺒﯿن‬... ‫ﻤﺎ أﺤﺴد أﺤدا ﺒﺎﻟﻛوﻓﺔ إﻻ رﺠﻠﯿن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﻬﻪ واﻟﺤﺴن ﺒن ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ زﻫدﻩ‬
‫اﷲ رﺠوت أن ﻻ ﯿﺨﺎف وﻻ ﯿﻛون ﻓرط ﻓﻲ اﻻﺤﺘﯿﺎط ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
ÒK‚dvi `y e¨w³ Qvov KvD‡K Avwg Cl©vi †hvM¨ e‡j g‡b Kwi bv: Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Zuvi wdK‡ni Rb¨ Ges nvmvb Beb
mvwjn‡K Zuvi hyn‡ì Rb¨| ... hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi I Avjvni gv‡S Ave~ nvbxdv‡K iv‡L- A_©vr Avjvni Bev`‡Zi Rb¨
Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKnx g‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i- Zvn‡j Avwg Avkv Kwi †h, Zv‡K fq †c‡Z n‡e bv Ges †m AvZ¥i¶vi
mveavbZvq Ae‡njvKvix e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv|Ó 32
(4) ïÕev Bebyj nv¾vR (160 wn)
Avgxi“j gywgbxb wdj nv`xm bv‡g cÖwm× wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki Rvin-ZvÕ`x‡ji †kªôZg Bgvg ïÕev Bebyj nv¾vR|
wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Mfxi kª×v Ki‡Zb| Zuvi cÖksmvq wZwb KweZv cvV Ki‡Zb:
‫ﺒﺂﺒدة ﻤن اﻟﻔﺘوى طرﯿﻔـ ـﺔ‬ ‫إذا ﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﯿوﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﯿﺴوﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺼﯿب ﻤن طراز أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺘﯿﻨﺎﻫم ﺒﻤﻘﯿﺎس ﺼﻠ ـﯿب‬
Ògvby‡liv hLb Avgv‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv KwVb wKqv‡mi dvZIqv w`‡q AvUKvq Avgiv ZLb Zv‡ì‡K Ave~ nvbxdvi c×wZi
my`„p weï× wKqv‡mi ki w`‡q AvNvZ Kwi|Ó 33
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q ïev e‡jb:
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Contents
‫ﻛﺎن واﷲ ﺤﺴن اﻟﻔﻬم ﺠﯿد اﻟﺤﻔظ‬
ÒAvjvni Kmg! Zuvi Abyaveb my›ì Ges Zuvi gyL¯’ kw³ fvj wQj|Ó 34
Ave~ nvbxdvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi wel‡q ïev Bebyj nv¾v‡Ri gZvgZ e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb (233 wn)
e‡jb:
."‫ وﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻫذا ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺒن اﻟﺤﺠﺎج ﯿﻛﺘب إﻟﯿﻪ أن ﯿﺤدث‬
ÒGB †Zv ïev Bebyj nv¾vR wZwb nv`xm eY©bvi Aby‡iva K‡i Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cÎ wj‡L‡Qb| Avi ïÕev †Zv
ïÕevB|Ó 35
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Idv‡Zi Lei †c‡q ïev e‡jb:
‫ﻟﻘد ذﻫب ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻛوﻓﺔ ﺘﻔﻀل اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺒرﺤﻤﺘﻪ‬
ÒZuvi mv‡_ K‚dvi wdKnI P‡j †Mj, Avjvn Avgv‡ì‡K I Zuv‡K ingZ Ki“b|Ó 36
(5) BmivCj Beb BDb~m Beb Avex BmnvK mvexqx (160 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK K‚dvi Ab¨ GKRb cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm I mgv‡jvPK BmivCj Beb BDb~m|
eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن ﻨﻌم اﻟرﺠل اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن أﺤﻔظﻪ ﻟﻛل ﺤدﯿث ﻓﯿﻪ ﻓﻘﻪ وأﺸد ﻓﺤﺼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ وأﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻤن اﻟﻔﻘﻪ وﻛﺎن ﻗد ﻀﺒط ﻋن‬
‫ﺤﻤﺎد ﻓﺄﺤﺴن اﻟﻀﺒط ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺄﻛرﻤﻪ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎء واﻷﻤراء واﻟوزراء‬
Òbygvb LyeB fvj gvbyl wQ‡jb| †h mKj nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ wdKn i‡q‡Q †m¸wj wZwb Lye fvjfv‡e I cwic~Y©fv‡e gyL¯’
ivL‡Zb, †m¸wji wel‡q m‡e©v”P AbymÜvb Ki‡Zb Ges †m¸wji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb wdKnx wb‡`©kbvI wZwb m‡e‡P‡q fvj Rvb‡Zb|
G wel‡q Zuvi ¯§„wZ, AbymÜvb I Ávb wQj AevK Kivi gZ| wZwb nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb †_‡K wdKn msi¶Y K‡ib Ges
Lye fvjfv‡eB msi¶Y K‡ib| d‡j LjxdvMY, AvgxiMY I DhxiMY Zuv‡K m¤§vb K‡i‡Qb|Ó 37
(6) nvmvb Beb mvwjn (100-169 wn)
K‚dvi Ab¨ cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx nvmvb Beb mvwjn (100-169 wn)| eyLvix (Av`ve MÖ‡š’), gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi
nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi QvÎ cÖwm× gynvwÏm BqvnBqv Beb Av`g (203 wn) e‡jb, nvmvb Beb mvwjn e‡jb:
‫ ﻟم ﯿﻌدﻩ إﻟﻰ ﻏﯿرﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻤﺘﺜﺒﺘﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ اذا ﺼﺢ ﻋﻨدﻩ اﻟﺨﺒر ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬
Òbygvb Beb mvweZ weÁ Avwjg wQ‡jb, Bj‡gi weï×Zv wbY©‡q m‡PZb wQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv wel‡q ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K
†Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡j wZwb Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ab¨ w`‡K †h‡Zb bv|Ó 38
(7) Avãyjvn Bebyj gyevivK (118-181 wn)
wØZxq kZvãxi Ab¨Zg †kªô gynvwÏm, dKxn, gyRvwn`, hvwn` I Bgvg Avãyjvn Bebyj gyevivK Lyivmvbx (118- 181
wn)| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ wQ‡jb, Zuvi †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges wdKnx wel‡q Zuvi gZ AbymiY Ki‡Zb|
BmgvCj Beb `vD` e‡jb:
‫ وﯿﺜﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬...‫ﻛﺎن اﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك ﯿذﻛر ﻋن أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻛل ﺨﯿر وﯿزﻛﯿﻪ‬
Bebyj gyevivK Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© memgqB fvj ej‡Zb, Zuvi wek¦¯—Zv I eyRywM©i K_v ej‡Zb Ges Zuvi cÖksmv
Ki‡Zb|Ó 39
Avãyjvn Bebyj gyeviK ej‡Zb:
‫ ﻟوﻻ أن أﻏﺎﺜﻨﻲ اﷲ‬... .‫ﻻ ﻨﻛذب اﷲ ﻓﻲ أﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ إﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﺴﻔﯿﺎن ﻓﺈذا اﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻻ أﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﻤن ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﻤﺎ‬
.‫ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس‬... .‫ﺒﺄﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﺴﻔﯿﺎن ﻛﻨت ﻛﺴﺎﺌر اﻟﻨﺎس‬
ÒAvgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì wel‡q Avjvn‡K wg_¨v eje bv! wdK‡ni wel‡q Avgv‡ì Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Ges nv`x‡mi wel‡q
Avgv‡ì Bgvg mydBqvb mvIix| Avi hLb `yRb †Kv‡bv wel‡q GKgZ nb ZLb Avgiv Zuv‡ì wecix‡Z Avi KvD‡K c‡ivqv
Kwi bv|Ó... ÒAvjvn hw` Avgv‡K Ave~ nvbxdv Ges mydBqvb mvIix Øviv D×vi bv Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j Avwg mvaviY gvbylB
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_vKZvg|Ó ÒAve~ nvbxdv gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn|Ó 40

Bgvg mydBqvb (Beb mvC` Beb gvmiƒK) mvIix (97-161 wn) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK K~dvi Ab¨Zg †kªô
gynvwÏm I dKxn| `yR‡bi g‡a¨ AvKx`v I wdKnx A‡bK wel‡q gZ‡f` wQj Ges A‡bK fyj eySveywSI wQj| Bebyj gyeviK
`yR‡biB QvÎ Ges `yR‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I êwkó wZwb Gfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
(8) Kvhx Ave~ BDm~d BqvK‚e Beb Beivnxg (113-182 wn)
Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, Ave~ BDm~d Zuvi hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg †kªô gynvwÏm, I dKxn wQ‡jb e‡j mK‡jB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| nv`xm
wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Áv‡bi cwiwa I MfxiZv eY©bv K‡i wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻤﺎ ﺨﺎﻟﻔت أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻲء ﻗط‬... ‫ﻤﺎ رأﯿت أﺤدا أﻋﻠم ﺒﺘﻔﺴﯿر اﻟﺤدﯿث وﻤواﻀﻊ اﻟﻨﻛت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻤن اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻤن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
... ‫ﻓﺘدﺒرﺘﻪ إﻻ رأﯿت ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ اﻟذي ذﻫب إﻟﯿﻪ أﻨﺠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻵﺨرة وﻛﻨت رﺒﻤﺎ ﻤﻠت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤدﯿث وﻛﺎن ﻫو أﺒﺼر ﺒﺎﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻤﻨﻲ‬
.‫إﻨﻲ ﻷدﻋو ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻗﺒل أﺒوي وﻟﻘد ﺴﻤﻌت أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﯿﻘول إﻨﻲ ﻷدﻋو ﻟﺤﻤﺎد ﻤﻊ أﺒوي‬
Ònv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vq Ges nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ wdK‡ni †h mKj wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q Zv Abyaveb Kivq Ave~ nvbxdvi †P‡q AwaK
Ávbx I cvi`k©x Avwg KvD‡K †`wL wb| .... †h wel‡qB Avwg Ave~ nvbxdvi mv‡_ we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQ †m wel‡qB Avwg c‡i wPš—v
K‡i †`‡LwQ †h, Ave~ nvbxdvi gZB AvwLiv‡Z bvRv‡Zi AwaK Dc‡hvMx| A‡bK mgq Avwg nv`x‡mi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡owQ, wKš‘
wZwb mnxn nv`x‡mi wel‡q Avgvi †P‡q AwaK mgS`vi wQ‡jb| .... Avwg Avgvi wcZvgvZvi Rb¨ `yAv Kivi Av‡M Ave~ nvbxdvi
Rb¨ `yAv Kwi| Avi Avwg ï‡bwQ, Ave~ nvbxdv ej‡Zb, Avwg Avgvi wcZvgvZvi mv‡_ nv¤§v‡ì Rb¨ `yAv Kwi|Ó 41
(9) dz`vBj Beb Bqv` (187 wn)
ZrKvjxb mg‡qi Ab¨Zg cÖwm× gynvwÏm, mgv‡jvPK I eyRyM© Bgvg dz`vBj Beb Bqv` Lyivmvbx gv°x (187wn)|
eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwÏm Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺠﻼ ﻓﻘﯿﻬﺎ ﻤﻌروﻓﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻤﺸﻬو ار ﺒﺎﻟورع واﺴﻊ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻤﻌروﻓﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﻀﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻤن ﯿطﯿف ﺒﻪ ﺼﺒو ار ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﯿم‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠم ﺒﺎﻟﻠﯿل واﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﺤﺴن اﻟﻠﯿل ﻛﺜﯿر اﻟﺼﻤت ﻗﻠﯿل اﻟﻛﻼم ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘرد ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻼل أو ﺤرام ﻓﻛﺎن ﯿﺤﺴن ان ﯿدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤق ﻫﺎرﺒﺎ ﻤن‬
.‫ وﻛﺎن إذا وردت ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﺤدﯿث ﺼﺤﯿﺢ أﺘﺒﻌﻪ ٕوان ﻛﺎن ﻋن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن ٕواﻻ ﻗﺎس وأﺤﺴن اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬... ‫ﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻠطﺎن‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv mycÖwm× dKxn wQ‡jb| Zuvi ZvKIqv wQj AwZ cÖwm×| wZwb m¤ú`kvjx wQ‡jb Ges e`vb¨Zvi Rb¨
cÖwm× wQ‡jb| ivZw`b mve©¶wYK Bjg wk¶v `v‡b wZwb AZ¨š— âh©kxj wQ‡jb| iv‡Zi Bev`‡Z gvk¸j _vK‡Zb| AwaKvsk
mgq bxie _vK‡Zb Ges Kg K_v ej‡Zb| Z‡e hLb nvjvj-nviv‡gi †Kv‡bv gvmAvjv Zuvi Kv‡Q AvmZ ZLb wZwb K_v
ej‡Zb Ges Lye fvjfv‡eB n° cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wZwb kvmK‡ì m¤ú` †_‡K cvwj‡q †eov‡Zb| ... hLb Zuvi Kv‡Q
†Kv‡bv gvmAvjv AvmZ ZLb wZwb †m wel‡q mnxn nv`xm _vK‡j Zv AbymiY Ki‡Zb, A_ev mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZ| Zv bv
n‡j wZwb wKqvm Ki‡Zb Ges wZwb my›ì wKqvm Ki‡Zb|Ó 42
(10) nvdm Beb wMqvm (195wn)
K‚dvi Ab¨ GKRb cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm I dKxn nvdm Beb wMqvm bvLqx K‚dx (195wn) wZwb cÖ_‡g K‚dv I c‡i
evM`v‡ì Kvhxi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
.‫ﻛﻼم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ أدق ﻤن اﻟﺸﻌر ﻻ ﯿﻌﯿﺒﻪ إﻻ ﺠﺎﻫل‬
ÒwdK‡ni wel‡q Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ Pz‡ji †P‡qI my²| Rvwnj-gyL© Qvov †KD Zuv‡K Lvivc e‡j bv|Ó 43
(11) Ave~ gyAvweqv `vixi gynv¤§v` Beb Lvwhg (113-195 wn)
K‚dvi cÖwm× gynvwÏm gynv¤§v` Beb Lvwhg Ave~ gyAvweqv `vixi| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﺤب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
44
ÒmybœvZcš’x nIqvi GKwU welq Ave~ nvbxdv‡K fvjevmv|Ó
(12) BqvnBqv Beb mvC` Avj-KvËvb (197 wn)
ïev Bebyj nv¾v‡Ri c‡i wØZxq kZ‡Ki Bjg nv`xm I Rvin-Zv`x‡ji Ab¨Zg `yB w`Kcvj: BqvnBqv Beb mvqx`
Avj-KvËvb I Beb gvn`x| Df‡qB emivi Awaevmx wQ‡jb| KvËvb e‡jb:
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Contents

‫ وﻛـﺎن ﯿﺤﯿـﻰ‬:‫ ﻗﺎل ﯿﺤﯿـﻰ ﺒـن ﻤﻌـﯿن‬.‫ وﻗد أﺨذﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻛﺜر أﻗواﻟﻪ‬،‫ﻻ ﻨﻛذب اﷲ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ أﺤﺴن ﻤن رأى أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
.‫ﺒن ﺴﻌﯿد ﯿذﻫب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘوى إﻟﻰ ﻤذﻫب )ﻗول( اﻟﻛوﻓﯿﯿن وﯿﺨﺘﺎر ﻗوﻟﻪ ﻤن أﻗواﻟﻬم وﯿﺘﺒﻊ رأﯿﻪ ﻤن ﺒﯿن أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬
ÒAvjvn‡K wg_¨v eje bv! Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡Zi †P‡q DËg gZ Avwg ïwb wb| AwaKvsk wel‡q Avgiv Zuvi gZ AbymiY
Kwi| (Zuvi QvÎ) BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb e‡jb: BqvnBqv Beb mvqx` dvZIqvi wel‡q K‚dx‡ì gvhnve AbymiY Ki‡Zb,
K‚dx‡ì ga¨ †_‡K Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges Zuvi gZ AbymiY Ki‡Zb|Ó 45
(13) IKx Bebyj Rvi&ivn Beb gvjxn (197 wn)
K‚dvi mycÖwm× gynvwÏm IKx Bebyj Rvi&ivn| Bgvg Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuv‡K †m hy‡Mi me©‡kªô gynvwÏm I
nvwdhyj nv`xm e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi QvÎ BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb e‡jb:
‫ وﻛـﺎن ﻗـد ﺴـﻤﻊ ﻤـن أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬،‫ وﻛـﺎن ﯿﺤﻔـظ ﺤدﯿﺜـﻪ ﻛﻠـﻪ‬،‫ وﻛﺎن ﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﺒرأي أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬،‫ﻤﺎ رأﯿت أﺤدا أﻗدﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻛﯿﻊ‬
.‫ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ ﻛﺜﯿ ار‬
Avwg IKx-Gi Dc‡i ¯’vb †Ìqvi gZ †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm †`wL wb| wZwb Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ Abymv‡i dvZIqv w`‡Zb|
wZwb Zuvi me nv`xm gyL¯’ ivL‡Zb| wZwb Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K A‡bK nv`xm ï‡bb| 46
G †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, Bgvg IKx ïay Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKnx gZB AbymiY Ki‡Zb bv, Dciš‘ wZwb Zuv‡K
nv`x‡mi †¶‡Î wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb Ges Zuvi mKj nv`xm gyL¯’ ivL‡Zb|
(14) Avãyi ivngvb Beb gvn`x (135-198 wn)
G mg‡qi Bjg nv`xm I Rvin-Zv`x‡ji Ab¨ w`Kcvj Beb gvn`x| Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji cyÎ Avãyjvn
wj‡L‡Qb, Avwg Avgvi wcZvi gy‡L ï‡bwQ, Zuvi D¯—v` Beb gvn`x ej‡Zb:
‫ﻤن ﺤﺴن ﻋﻠم اﻟرﺠل أن ﯿﻨظر ﻓﻲ رأي أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
ÒGKRb gvby‡li Bj‡gi †mŠ›`h© GB †h, †m Ave~ nvbxdvi ÔivqÕ ev gvhnve Aa¨qb Ki‡e|Ó 47
5. G mg‡qi `ywU Awf‡hvM
G hy‡Mi Av‡iv A‡bK dKxn, gynvwÏm I eyRyM© †_‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖksmv ewY©Z| Avgiv GLv‡b ïay cÖwm×
dKxn, gynvwÏm I Rvin-Zv`x‡ji BgvgM‡Yi e³e¨ D×„Z Kijvg| G †_‡K Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, Zuvi mgmvgwqK, Zuv‡K
Kv‡Q †_‡K †`‡L‡Qb ev †R‡b‡Qb Ggb mKj dKxn, gynvwÏm, Avwe` I Avwjg Zuvi †hvM¨Zv I gh©v`vi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi
wdKnx g‡Zi AmvaviY‡Z¡i cvkvcvwk nv`x‡mi eY©bvq Zuvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I wdKnx nv`xmmg~‡n Zuvi cvwÊZ¨ I nv`x‡mi
wdKnx wb‡`©kbv Abyave‡b Zuvi AmvaviY `¶Zvi mv¶¨ Zuviv w`‡q‡Qb|
G mg‡q Zuvi wei“‡× †KD †KD `ywU Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb: (1) wdKnx wel‡q Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y wZwb Kg
nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib Ges (2) wKQz wdKnx wel‡q ZrKvjxb KwZcq dKx‡ni mv‡_ Zuvi gZ‡f` wQj|
5. 1. nv`x‡mi gq`v‡b Zuvi c`PviYv Kg
D¤§v‡Zi dKxnMY nv`xm eY©bvi †P‡q nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wdKnx gvmAvjv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ m`v wPwš—Z I e¨¯—
_vK‡Zb| c¶vš—‡i gynvwÏmMY nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡bi kã, evK¨, eY©bvi cv_©K¨, G¸wji ûeû eY©bv BZ¨vw` wb‡q m`v wPwš—
Z I e¨¯— _vK‡Zb| GRb¨ dKxnMY nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Zb Kg| gynvwÏmMY KL‡bv KL‡bv G wel‡q dKxnMY‡K KUv¶ K‡i
gš—e¨ Ki‡Zb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv cÖm‡½ Bebyj gyeviv‡Ki wb‡gœi K_vwUI G RvZxq:
‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻤﺴﻛﯿﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
48
ÒAve~ nvbxdv nv`x‡mi wel‡q wgmKxb wQ‡jb|Ó
Bebyj gyeviv‡Ki G K_vwU‡K A‡b‡KB nv`xm eY©bvq Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZv ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖK…Z mZ¨ †gv‡UI Zv bq| mydBqvb Beb DqvBbv (198 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﻻﻨﻬم ﻛﺎﻨوا ﻻ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺎ إذا رأﯿﻨﺎ طﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﺤدﯿث ﯿﻐﺸﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻀﺤﻛﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ رﺒﯿﻌﺔ وﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن أﺒﻲ ﺒﻛر ﺒن ﺤزم وﺠﻌﻔر ﺒن ﻤﺤﻤد‬
.‫ﯿﺘﻘﻨون اﻟﺤدﯿث وﻻ ﯿﺤﻔظوﻨﻪ‬
ÒAvgiv hLb †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi QvÎ‡K wZb e¨w³i Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †h‡Z †`LZvg ZLb Avgiv nvmZvg: ivexqvn, gynv¤§v`
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Beb Avex evKi Beb nvhg, Rvdi Beb gynv¤§v`; KviY Zviv †KDB nv`xm fvj cvi‡Zb bv Ges gyL¯’I ivL‡Zb bv|Ó 49
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK G wZb dKx‡ni cwiPq †`Lyb:
(1) g`xbvi mycÖwm× dKxn Bgvg ivexqvn Beb Avex Avãyi ivngvb dvi&iƒL (142 wn)| wZwb Òivexqvn Avi-ivBÓ
A_©vr wKqvmcš’x ivexqvn e‡j cÖwm×| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
(2) g`xbvi mycÖwm× dKxn I g`xbvi Kvhx gynv¤§v` Beb Avex evKi Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avgi Beb nvhg (60-132
wn)| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
(3) Bgvg Rvdi mvw`K Beb gynv¤§v` evwKi (80-148)| bex-es‡ki Ab¨Zg Bgvg I g`xbvi mycÖwm× dKxn| Bgvg
gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, G wZbRb‡KB gynvwÏmMY wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Bebyj gyevivK †Zv Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv‡K wgmKxb e‡j‡Qb, my¯úófv‡e `ye©j e‡jb wb| c¶vš—‡i mydBqvb Beb DqvBbv Lye ¯úó K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, ÔGiv
wZbRb nv`xm fvj cvi‡Zb bv Ges gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|Õ wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I gynvwÏmMY Zuvi K_v‡K Gu‡ì `ye©jZv ev
AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡jb bv †Kb?
KviY G K_vi A_© n‡jv, G wZbRb g~jZ wdKn wb‡q e¨¯— _vK‡Zb| gynvwÏm‡ì Zzjbvq Zuviv Kg nv`xm Rvb‡Zb|
wdKnx nv`xm¸wj wb‡qB Zuviv †ewk mgq KvUv‡Zb| GQvov wdKnx e¨¯—Zvi Kvi‡Y nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb ivZw`b PP©v Kivi
mgq Zuv‡ì n‡Zv bv| d‡j gynvwÏm‡ì Zzjbvq Zuviv G‡¶‡Î wKQz †ewk fyj Ki‡Zb|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q Avãyjvn Bebyj gyeviv‡Ki K_vi A_© ûeû GK| Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© †`‡LwQ †h, Bebyj
gyevivK evievi e‡j‡Qb †h, wdK‡n Zuvi Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Ges nv`x‡m Zuvi Bgvg mydBqvb mvIix| Avi G A‡_©B wZwb
e‡j‡Qb †h, gynvwÏmM‡Yi Zzjbvq wZwb nv`xm Kg Rvb‡Zb ev Kg ej‡Zb| Kv‡RB Bebyj gyeviv‡Ki G e³e¨‡K hviv Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi mv¶¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb Zviv welqwU fzj ey‡S‡Qb e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| Avjøvn Avgv‡ì‡K I
D¤§v‡Zi mKj Avwjg‡K ÿgv Kiæb|
5. 2. wdKn I AvKx`v wel‡q Zuvi g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv
†m hy‡Mi A‡bK cÖwm× dKx‡ni mv‡_ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKnx gZcv_©K¨ wQj| cvkvcvwk AvKx`vi LywUbvwU K‡qKwU
wel‡q Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` wQj| G¸wji Ab¨Zg Cgv‡bi msÁv| AwaKvsk gynvwÏm Avgj‡K Cgv‡bi Ask MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
c¶vš—‡i wKQz gynvwÏm I dKxn Avgj‡K Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ cwic~iK MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wQ‡jb G‡ì g‡a¨|
A‡bK gynvwÏm I dKxn GRb¨ Zuv‡K ÔgyiwRqvÕ e‡j KUv¶ K‡i‡Qb|
mgmvgwqK hviv Gfv‡e Zuvi cÖwZ KUvÿ K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb (1) Kzdvi Zvweqx gynvwÏm kixK Beb Avãyjvn
(140 wn), (2) Kzdvi Zvwe-Zvweqx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg mydBqvb mvIix (97-161 wn), Ges (3) wmwiqvi cÖwm× Zvwe-
Zvweqx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg AvIhvqx (157 wn)| Zuviv Ges Av‡iv KwZcq mgmvgwqK dKxn Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q
A‡bK weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb hv †µva I †¶v‡fi cÖKvk| GLv‡b j¶Yxq †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× 2q kZ‡Ki G mKj
gynvwÏm ev dKx‡ni Lye Kg e³e¨B mnxn ev wbf©i‡hvM¨ mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| mgmvgwqK Avwjg‡ì Giƒc gZwe‡iva ev kÎ“Zv
LyeB ¯^vfvweK| cÖwm× Pvi Bgvg Ges mKj cÖwm× Avwjg, gynvwÏm I dKx‡ni wel‡qB Giƒc KwVb weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb
ZrKvjxb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖwm× Avwjg|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK I wbKUeZ©x hy‡Mi cÖwm× dKxn, gynvwÏm,
Avwe`, I Rvin-Zv`x‡ji mgv‡jvPK BgvgMY Zuv‡K wdK‡ni Bgvg, †kªôZg dKxn Ges nv`xm eY©bvq wek¦¯— I wbf©i‡hvM¨
e‡j ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi wdKnx gZ mnxn nv`xm wbf©i e‡jI Zuviv evievi gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk K‡qKRb Avwjg
Zuv‡K gyiwRqv e‡j‡Qb ev Zuvi wdKnx g‡Zi weiæ‡× K_v e‡j‡Qb|
G RvZxq weiƒc gš—e¨ m¤¢eZ LyeB Kg wQj A_ev ZrKvjxb gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ Zv †Kv‡bviƒc MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvq wb|
KviY, ev¯Í‡e Avgiv †`wL †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKnx gZ nv`xm I wdK‡ni †m ¯^Y©hy‡M `ª“Z cÖmvi jvf K‡i| wnRix
wØZxq kZ‡Ki †kl w`K †_‡KB nvbvdx wdKn gymwjg we‡k¦i me©Î me‡P‡q cÖwm× I cÖPwjZ wdKnx g‡Z cwiYZ nq| G
wel‡q K‚dvi mycÖwm× gynvwÏm I dKxn mydBqvb Beb DqvBbv (107-198 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﻗد ﺒﻠﻐﺎ اﻵﻓﺎق‬،‫ وﻓﻘﻪ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،‫ ﻗراءة ﺤﻤزة‬:‫ﺸﯿﺌﺎن ﻤﺎ ظﻨﻨﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﯿﺠﺎوزان ﻗﻨطرة اﻟﻛوﻓﺔ‬
Ò`ywU wel‡q Avwg Kíbv Kwi wb †h, Zviv Kzdvi †mZz cvi n‡e; nvghvi wKivAvZ I Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKn; A_P
B‡Zvg‡a¨B G `ywU welq mKj w`M‡š— †cuŠ‡Q wM‡q‡Q|Ó 50
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6. Z…Zxq kZvãxi cÖ_gvs‡ki mgv‡jvPK‡ì g~j¨vqb
G wQj wnRix wØZxq kZ‡Ki †kl ch©š— Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© AvwjgM‡Yi AwfgZ I Zuvi wdKnx g‡Zi cÖmviZv|
wKš‘ wnRix Z…Zxq kZK †_‡K wPÎ cwieZ©b n‡Z jvMj| G mgq †_‡K A‡bK Avwjg Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× AZ¨š— KwVb
Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb| G Awf‡hv‡Mi aviv kZvãxi ci kZvãx Pj‡Z _v‡K| e¯‘Z gymwjg D¤§vni cÖwm× BgvgM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv hZ AvµgY I PwiÎ nb‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb †Zgb †eva nq Ab¨ †KD nb wb| G wel‡q Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm
BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb (233 wn) e‡jb:
.‫أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻨﺎ ﯿﻔرطون ﻓﻲ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وأﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬
Avgv‡ì mv_xiv, A_©vr gynvwÏmMY Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_x‡ì wel‡q mxgvj•Nb K‡ib|Ó 51
†Kb G mxgvj•Nb Zv ch©v‡jvPbvi Av‡M Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki ev cÖ_g `k‡Ki
K‡qKRb gynvwÏm, dKxn I mgv‡jvP‡Ki `„wófw½ I g~j¨vqb Av‡jvPbv Kie|
(1) Bgvg kvwdqx gynv¤§v` Beb Bìxm (150-204 wn)
Bgvg gynv¤§v` Beb Bìxm kvwdqx Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c‡ii †kªôZg dKxn| wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a©
wdK‡ni †¶‡Î wZwb me©vwaK cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| wewfbœ Dm~jx I wdKnx wel‡q wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎ‡ì
gZvgZ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| wdK‡ni †¶‡Î Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †kªôZ¡ I ¸i“Z¡ wel‡q wZwb e‡jb:
.‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﯿﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
52
ÒwdK‡ni †¶‡Î gvby‡liv Ave~ nvbxdvi Dci wbf©ikxj|Ó
(2) Bqvwh` Beb nviƒb (117-206 wn)
G mg‡qi cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm I Avwe` Bqvwh` Beb nviƒb IqvwmZx| Bgvg Avng` Zuv‡K nvwdhyj nv`xm
ej‡Zb| Bebyj gv`xbx e‡jb, Zuvi †P‡q eo nvwdhyj nv`xm Avwg †`wL wb| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwÏm Zuvi
nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺘﻘﯿﺎ ﻨﻘﯿﺎ زاﻫدا ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺼدوق اﻟﻠﺴﺎن أﺤﻔظ أﻫل زﻤﺎﻨﻪ ﺴـﻤﻌت ﻛـل ﻤـن أدرﻛﺘـﻪ ﻤـن أﻫـل زﻤﺎﻨـﻪ ﯿﻘـول إﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺎ رأى أﻓﻘﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv Avjvn-fxi“, cweÎ I msmviweivMx Avwjg wQ‡jb| wZwb mZ¨civqY Ges Zuvi hy‡Mi me‡P‡q eo
nvwd‡h nv`xm wQ‡jb| Zuvi hy‡Mi hZ gvbyl‡K Avwg †c‡qwQ mKj‡KB ej‡Z ï‡bwQ: wZwb wdK‡ni wel‡q Ave~ nvbxdvi †P‡q
AwaK cvi`k©x Avi KvD‡K †`‡Lb wb|Ó 53
(3) Avãyjvn Beb `vD` Avj-LyivBex (126-213 wn)
wØZxq-Z…Zxq wnRix kZvãxi cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm I Avwe` Ave~ Avãyi ivngvb Avãyjvn Beb `vD` Beb Avwgi
K‚dx| Bgvg eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi eY©bv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻤـﺎ ﯿﻘـﻊ ﻓـﻲ أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ إﻻ ﺤﺎﺴـد أو‬.‫ﻤن أراد ان ﯿﺨرج ﻤن ذل اﻟﻌﻤﻰ واﻟﺠﻬل وﯿﺠد ﻟذة اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻠﯿﻨظـر ﻓـﻲ ﻛﺘـب أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬
.‫ ﻟﺤﻔظﻪ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ واﻟﺴﻨن ﻋﻠﯿﻬم‬،‫ ﯿﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس أن ﯿدﻋوا ﻓﻲ ﺼﻼﺘﻬم ﻻﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬.‫ﺠﺎﻫل‬
Òhw` †KD AÜZ¡ I gyL©Zvi jvÃbv †_‡K †ei n‡Z Pvq Ges wdK‡ni ¯^v` jvf Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡K Ave~ nvbxdvi
eB¸‡jv co‡Z n‡e| wnsmyK A_ev Rvwnj G `y‡qi GKRb Qvov †KD Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q g›` e‡j bv| gvbyl‡ì DwPZ
Zv‡ì mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ Ave~ nvbxdvi Rb¨ `yAv Kiv; KviY wZwbB gvbyl‡ì Rb¨ wdKn Ges mybœvn (nv`xm) msi¶Y
K‡i‡Qb|Ó 54
7. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi †cÖ¶vcU
Avgiv Av‡MB D‡jL K‡iwQ †h, Z…Zxq kZ‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× cÖPviYv e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| we‡klZ
gyZvwhjx kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi c‡i cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv †Nvjv‡U nq| evn¨Z Gi KviY¸wj wbgœiƒc:
7. 1. cÖmviZv I ¶gZvi Cl©v
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ †h, Zvweqx hy‡Mi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv dKxn Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ cÖwmw× I gh©v`v jvf K‡ib wb|
Zuvi RxeÏkv‡ZB Zuvi gZ cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvn`xi hyM (158-169wn) †_‡K nvbvdx wdKn ivóªxq wdK‡n
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cwiYZ nq| G wdK‡n cvi`k©xMYB wewfbœ wePvwiK I cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| cieZ©x kZvãxi ci kZvãx G
†bZ…‡Z¡i I KZ©„‡Z¡i aviv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| nvbvdx we‡ivax‡ì †¶vf G‡Z evo‡Z _v‡K Ges Zuv‡ì êix cÖPviYvI e¨vcK
nq| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î G cÖPviYv nvbvdx wdK‡ni wei“‡× bv n‡q e¨w³ Ave~ nvbxdvi PwiÎ nb‡bi w`‡K avweZ nq|
7. 2. gyZvwhjx wdZbv I m¤ú„w³
200 wnRixi w`‡K AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvgyb (ivRZ¡ 198-218 wn) gyZvwhjx ag©wek¦vm MÖnY K‡ib Ges G‡K ivóªag©
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| cieZ©x Ljxdv gyÕZvwmg wejvn (218-227 wn) I IqvwmK wejvn (228-232 wn) G gZev` AbymiY
K‡ib| MÖxK `k©b wbf©i G gZev‡` KziAv‡bi wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ my¯úófv‡e mvsNwl©K wewfbœ wek¦vm we`¨gvb| G mKj
wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÒKziAvb m„ó ev gvLj~KÓ| G Qvov gyZvwhjxMY Avjvni Òwe‡klY¸‡jvÓ e¨vL¨v K‡i A¯^xKvi K‡ib| G
gZ cÖwZôvq G wZb Ljxdv wQ‡jb Abgbxq| G gZ MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix Avwjg‡ì‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i Zuviv AeY©bxq
AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| cieZ©x kvmK gyZvIqvw°j (232-247 wn) G AZ¨vPv‡ii Aemvb NUvb| mK‡jB ¯^vaxbfv‡e gZ
cÖKvk I cvj‡bi my‡hvM cvb|
cÖvq wÎk erm‡ii gyZvwhjx kvm‡bi mg‡q ¯^fveZB cÖkvmb I wePvi eë¯’vq nvbvdx dKxnMY wQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì
A‡b‡KB B”Qvq ev Awb”Qvq gyZvwhjx‡ì mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb ev Zv‡ì gZ MÖn‡Yi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| we‡klZ Ljxdv
gvgy‡bi gyZvwhjx wdZbvi g~j ¯’¤¢ weki Avj-gvixmx: weki Beb wMqvm Beb Avex Kvixgv Avãyi ivngvb (218 wn) Ges
wePvicwZ Avng` Beb Avex `yIqv` (Avex `vD`) Beb Rvixi (160-240 wn) Df‡qB wdKnx g‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
Abymvix wn‡m‡e cÖwm× wQ‡jb| gyZvwhjx g‡Zi cÖPvi-cÖmvi, †`‡ki mKj Avwjg‡K Ljxdvi ìev‡i †W‡K gyZvwhjx gZ
MÖn‡Y eva¨ Kiv Ges Bgvg Avng` I gyZvwhjv gZwe‡ivax Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× BgvgM‡Yi Dci wbg©g wbh©vZb I nZ¨vKv‡Êi g~j
†nvZv wQ‡jb Zuviv| 55
gyZvwhjx AZ¨vPv‡ii Aemv‡bi c‡iI nvbvdx dKxnMY wePvwiK I cÖkvmwbK `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb| GQvov gyZvwhjxMY
ÔnvbvdxÕ bv‡gi QÎQvqvq Zv‡ì gZ cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Aciw`‡K nvbvdx we‡ivaxMY Avnjym mybœv‡Zi bv‡g, weÀvZ we‡ivwaZv
ev gyZvwhjx we‡ivwaZvi bv‡g Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi Abymvix‡ì wei“‡× K_v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| A‡b‡K G wel‡q RvwjqvwZi
Avkªq wb‡Z _v‡Kb| A‡bK mijcÖvY cÖvÁ AvwjgI Giƒc AccÖPv‡i cÖfvweZ nb|
7. 3. wePvi I kvmb ebvg Bjg I Kjg
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki †kl w`K †_‡KB nvbvdx wdKn ivóªxq wdK‡n cwiYZ nq| nvbvdx dKxnMY
wdKn I wePvwiK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Z…Zxq wnRix kZK †_‡K nv`xm PP©vq nvbvdx dKxnM‡Yi m¤ú„w³ Kg‡Z
_v‡K| GQvov wdKnx wel‡q AwZwi³ g‡bvms‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y nv`xm wel‡q Zv‡ì `ye©jZv evo‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e Zv‡ì mv‡_
gynvwÏmM‡Yi `~iZ¡ I wew”QbœZv evo‡Z _v‡K|
7. 4. gvhnvex †Muvovwg I we‡Øl
PZz_© wnRix kZK †_‡K gvhnvex †Muvovwg I we‡Øl e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| G mg‡q wZbwU gvhnve cÖwm× wQj:
nvbvdx, gvwjKx I kvwdqx| gvwjKx gvhnve DËi Avwd«Kv I †¯ú‡b we¯—vi jvf K‡i| gymwjg we‡k¦i cÖvY‡K›`ª wgmi, BivK I
cvi‡m¨ nvbvdx-kvwdqx ØÜ e¨vcK iƒc MÖnY K‡i| ¶gZv, cÖwZcwË I cÖmviZv wQj nvbvdx‡ì †ewk| wKš‘ nv`xm PP©v I wjLbx‡Z
kvwdqxMY AMÖMvgx wQ‡jb| gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ kvwdqx gvhnve cÖmvi jvf K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm nvbvdx‡ì ÔNv‡qjÕ Kivi
Rb¨ Zv‡ì Bgvg‡K †QvU Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib Ges Zuvi wei“‡× mZ¨, wg_¨v, Rvj-ev‡bvqvU mewKQz msKjb K‡ib|
G cÖPviYvi Kvi‡Y Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zuvi cÖwZ K‡Vvi AvcwË I we‡Ø‡li fve Rb¥ wb‡Z
_v‡K| G mg‡q ÒAvnjym mybœvnÓ I gynvwÏm‡ì g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Abyf~wZ A‡bKUv wbgœiƒc: †h e¨w³ ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi nv`xm
A¯^xKvi KiZ!! nv`x‡mi wecix‡Z wb‡Ri gZ w`‡q `xb ˆZwi KiZ!!! mKj weÀvZx AvKx`vi cÖPviK wQj!! †m wKfv‡e GZ
cÖwmw× jvf Kij? Zvi gZ †Kb GZ cÖmvi jvf Kij? †Kv‡bv ARynv‡ZB Zv‡K mn¨ Kiv hvq bv!!!!
nvbvdxMY G mKj Awf‡hvM LÊb K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e gynvwÏmM‡Yi mv‡_ `~i‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Zv †Zgb cÖfve we¯—
vi K‡i wb| GQvov nvbvdxMY msL¨vMwiô nIqvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq Bjgx cÖwZev‡ì †P‡q kw³i cÖwZev` †ewk †Rvi`vi
n‡q‡Q| KL‡bv ev Bgv‡gi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM LÊb Ki‡Z †h‡q cÖwZc¶‡K †QvU Kivi cÖeYZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| KL‡bv Zuvi
gh©v`v cÖgvY Kivi bv‡g Zuvi bv‡g cÖPwjZ mewKQz wbf©yj I wbwe©Pv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j `vwe Kiv n‡q‡Q| c‡¶i-wec‡¶i
mK‡jB Av‡eM I evovevwo‡Z Avµvš— n‡q‡Qb|
Avgiv Rvwb, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K n° ejv Avi Zuvi AÜ AbymiY‡K n° ejv GK bq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K n°
ejvi A_© Zuv‡K wb®úvc ev wbf©yj ejv bq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K fvj ej‡Z †h‡q Zuvi wei“‡× hviv AvcwËKi K_v e‡j‡Qb
Zv‡ì‡K g›` ejvI wVK bq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K n° evwZ‡ji gvcKvwV evwb‡q †ÌqvI wVK bq|
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Gfv‡e Awf‡hvM I cÖwZev` cÖwµqv gvhnvex Av‡µv‡ki MwÊ †_‡K †ei n‡Z cv‡i wb| wnRix 5g kZK †_‡K Ab¨
gvhnv‡ei KwZcq Avwjg G me AccÖPv‡ii wei“‡× Kjg a‡ib| G‡ì Ab¨Zg cÖwm× gvwjKx dKxn I gynvwÏm BDm~d Beb
Avãyjvn Beb Avãyj evi&i (368-463 wn)| wZwb ÒAvj-Bb&wZKv dx dv`vwqwjj Avwq¤§vwZm mvjvmvnÓ bvgK MÖ‡š’ wZb Bgvg:
Ave~ nvbxdv, gvwjK I kvwdqxi gh©v`v e¨vL¨v K‡ib Ges Zuv‡ì wei“‡× AccÖPvi Ávbe„wËKfv‡e LÊb K‡ib|
cieZ©xKv‡j Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei KwZcq dKxn, gynvwÏm, HwZnvwmK I Rvin-Zv`xj we‡klÁ wbi‡c¶ wePvi I
ch©v‡jvPbvi †Póv K‡ib| G‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb cÖwm× nv¤^vjx dKxn I gyRZvwn` kvBLyj Bmjvg Beb ZvBwgqv Avng` Beb
Avãyj nvjxg (661-728 wn), Zuvi wZb QvÎ: cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn I gynvwÏm BDm~d Beb Avãyi ivngvb, Aveyj nv¾vR
Avj-wgh&hx (654-742 wn), cÖwm× kvwdqx-nv¤^vjx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg hvnvex: gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` (673-748 wn),
cÖwm× kvwdqx dKnx I gynvwÏm Aveyj wd`v BmgvCj Beb Dgvi Beb Kvmxi (701-774 wn) Ges Aóg wnRix kZ‡Ki
cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn I gynvwÏm Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx: Avng` Beb Avjx (773-852 wn)|
8. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM msKjb
Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K cieZ©x K‡qK kZvãx ch©š— Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi cvnvo
Rg‡Z _v‡K| A‡b‡KB G mKj Awf‡hvM msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg:
8. 1. Avãyjvn Beb Avng` Beb nv¤^vj (213-290 wn)
Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji cyÎ Avãyjvn (ivwngvûgvjøvû) Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki GKRb cÖwm× Avwjg| wZwb ÔAvm-
mybœvnÕ bvgK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’i welq ÒAvnjym mybœvZÓ ev ÒmybœxÓ AvKx`v e¨vL¨v Kiv| G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g w`‡Ki GKwU
Aa¨vq: (‫)ﻤﺎ ﺤﻔظت ﻋن أﺒﻲ وﻏﯿرﻩ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﯿﺦ ﻓﻲ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬: ÒAve~ nvbxdvi wel‡q Avwg Avgvi wcZv I Ab¨vb¨ gvkvwqL †_‡K hv
gyL¯’ K‡iwQ|Ó G Aa¨v‡q wZwb wØZxq I Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki wewfbœ Avwe`, dKxn I gynvwÏm †_‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wb›`vq
182wU e³e¨ msKjb K‡i‡Qb| G mKj e³‡eï g~j cÖwZcv`¨ Zuvi AvKx`vi weåvwš— I Zuvi `xb I Bjg m¤ú‡K© KUv¶|
8. 2. LZxe evM`v`x (392- 463 wn)
5g wnRix kZvãxi Ab¨Zg †kªô gynvwÏm, HwZnvwmK I kvwdqx dKxn Avng` Beb Avjx LZxe evM`v`x (ivn)| wdKn,
nv`xm, BwZnvm BZ¨vw` wel‡q wZwb eû MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| Zuvi iwPZ A‡bK MÖš’ GL‡bv Bjgyj nv`xm, Rvin-Zv`xj I BwZnvm
wel‡q gymwjg D¤§vni Ab¨Zg Z_¨m~Î| Zuvi iwPZ ÒZvixL evM`v`Ó MÖ‡š’ wZwb evM`v‡ì BwZnvm QvovI evM`v‡ì mv‡_ mswkó
cÖvq 8 nvRvi gvby‡li Rxebx msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo Rxebx Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi 131 c„ôv e¨vcx| cÖ_‡g cÖvq 12
c„ôv wZwb Zuvi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Gici cÖvq 35 c„ôv wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖksmvq c~e©eZ©x Avwjg‡ì e³e¨ D×„Z
K‡ib| Gici cÖvq 85 c„ôv e¨vcx wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wb›`vq ewY©Z c~e©eZ©x Avwjg‡ì e³e¨ msKjb K‡ib| G mKj
e³‡eï g~j cÖwZcv`¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`vi fq¼i weåvwš—, wdKnx `ye©jZv Ges e¨w³MZ PwiÎ nbb| 56
Avãyjvn Beb Avng`, LZxe evM`v`x I Ab¨vb¨‡ì msKwjZ G mKj Awf‡hvM I wb›`v m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv
j¶Yxq:
(K) mb` hvPvB Qvov G e³e¨¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡j GKRb gvbyl wek¦vm Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡eb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ
Bmjv‡gi GZ eo kÎ“ I GZ eo weåvš— gvbyl †evanq KL‡bvB Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib wb!! kvBLyj Bmjvg Beb ZvBwgqv e‡jb, hviv
gymwjg D¤§vni †Kv‡bv Bgv‡gi wei“‡× G mKj K_v e‡jb Zviv g~jZ gymwjg D¤§vn‡KB weåvš— e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z Pvb| Avgiv
Zuvi e³e¨ c‡i Av‡jvPbv Kie|
(L) G mKj eY©bvi AwaKvskB mb` wePv‡i Rvj, evwZj ev AZ¨š— `ye©j| GgbwK Bgvg Beb wneŸvb I LZxe
evM`v`x wb‡R hv‡ì‡K RvwjqvZ e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki eY©bv G‡¶‡Î msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
(M) wØZxq ev Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki dKxn ev gynvwÏm‡ì †h e³e¨¸‡jv mb` wePv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ nq †m¸‡jvi
AwaKvsk g~jZ Zuvi wei“‡× mswkó Avwj‡gi e¨w³MZ we‡Øl cÖKvk| †hgb, wZwb Kvwdi, Bmjv‡gi kÎ“, Bmjvg aŸsm
Ki‡Zb, wZwb Awfkß, µxZ`vm BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv g~jZ Ave~ nvbxdv bygvb Beb mvwe‡Zi gh©v`vnvbx K‡i wb; eis hviv Gme
K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì Cgvbx, Bmjvgx I AvLjvKx `ye©jZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|
(N) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM¸‡jv wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq: (1) AvKx`v welqK, (2) nv`xm
welqK Ges (1) wdKn welqK|
9. AvKx`v welqK Awf‡hvM
Cgv‡bi msÁv †Kw›`ªK LyuwUbvwU K‡qKwU welq Qvov Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK AvwjgMY †_‡K Zuvi wei“‡× AvKx`v
welqK †Kv‡bv Awf‡hvM wQj bv| Zuvi wei“‡× AvKx`vMZ †Kv‡bv AvcwË bv _vKvi eo cÖgvY †h, Zuvi mgmvgwqK I Zuvi QvÎ
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ch©v‡qi cÖvq mKj cÖwm× dKxn, Bgvg, I gynvwÏm Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb, A‡b‡KB Zuv‡K wb‡R‡ì Bgvg e‡j D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb, mvaviY gvbyl Zuv‡K AZ¨š— kª×v K‡i‡Q, Zuvi gZ e¨vcK cÖwmw× jvf K‡i‡Q, DgvBqv I AveŸvmx cÖkvmb Zuv‡K wePviK
c‡` emv‡bv‡K wb‡R‡ì m¤§v‡bi welq e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ GiciI Z…Zxq kZK †_‡K AvKx`v wel‡q Zuvi wei“‡× fq¼i me
Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ n‡Z jvMj| †hgb, wZwb weÀvZx AvKx`vi D™¢veK, gyZvwhjx, gyiwRqv, nv`xm Agvb¨Kvix..., A¯¿avi‡Y
wek¦vmx... BZ¨vw`| e¯‘Z Avãyjvn Beb Avng`, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x I LZxe evM`v`x Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× hZ
Awf‡hvM msKjb K‡i‡Qb mb` hvPvB bv K‡i †m¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡j g‡b n‡e, Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Ggb †Kv‡bv Lvivc welq †bB hv
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡a¨ wQj bv| Awf‡hvM¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbvi Av‡M K‡qKwU welq j¶Yxq:
(1) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× ewY©Z G mKj Awf‡hv‡Mi AwaKvskB mb` wePv‡i Rvj ev evwZj| wb‡R‡ì gZ
cÖwZôv, we‡Øl PwiZv_© Kiv ev †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³ ev `‡ji wcÖqfvRb n‡Z A‡bK RvwjqvZ G mKj Rvj Kvwnbx cÖPvi
K‡i‡Q|
(2) mgmvgwqK Avwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi gZwe‡iva GKwU `ytLRbK wKš‘ ¯^vfvweK welq| LyuywUbvwU K‡qKwU AvKx`vMZ
gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y mgmvgwqK K‡qKRb gynvwÏm I dKxn Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× A‡bK K‡Vvi gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Zuviv Zuvi g‡Zi fyj e¨vL¨v K‡i Zuv‡K wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z †`Le †h, G mKj †¶‡Î Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv bxieZv, f`ªZv I âh© Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb|
(3) mgKvjxb Avwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi gZwe‡iva D‡¯‹ w`‡Z ev Aceënvi Ki‡Z m‡Pó _v‡K A‡bK weåvš—, `ye©j Cgvb ev
PvUzKvi| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× ewY©Z NUbv¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv Gi A‡bK D`vniY †`L‡Z cvB| Giƒc A‡bK e¨w³ wb‡Ri
weåvwš—i QvdvB MvB‡Z, Zvi e¨w³MZ we‡Øl PwiZv_© Ki‡Z ev we‡ivax Avwj‡gi wcÖqcvÎ nIqvi Rb¨ Zuvi bv‡g we‡ivax
Avwj‡gi Kv‡Q Zuvi K_vi fyj e¨vL¨v w`‡q ev m¤ú~Y© wg_¨v Ggb K_v e‡j‡Q hv KL‡bvB wZwb e‡jb wb| Avi Giƒc K_v ï‡b
D³ we‡ivax Avwjg Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwZ Av‡iv we¶z× n‡q‡Qb I weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| GKwU D`vniY D‡jL KiwQ|
6ô wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn I AvKx`v we‡klÁ Bgvg kvniv¯—vbx gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyj Kvixg Beb Avng`
(467-548 wn) gyiwRqv wdiKvi ÒMvm&mvwbqvÕ bvgK `‡ji cÖavb K~dvi ÔMvm&mvbÕ bvgK e¨w³i wewfbœ weåvwš—Ki e³e¨
D‡jL K‡i e‡jb:
‫وﻤن اﻟﻌﺠﯿب أن ﻏﺴﺎن ﻛﺎن ﯿﺤﻛﻲ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻤﺜل ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ وﯿﻌدﻩ ﻤن اﻟﻤرﺠﺌﺔ وﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻛذب ﻛذﻟك ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬
ÒAvðh© welq †h, Mvm&mvb cÖPvi KiZ †h, Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi gZ Zuvi g‡ZiB gZ Ges †m Zuv‡K gyiwRqv wn‡m‡e
cÖPvi KiZ| m¤¢eZ G¸wjI Zuvi bv‡g G e¨w³i wg_¨vPvi|Ó 57
Avgiv mvgvb¨ K‡qKwU Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv Kie|
9. 1. Bgvg eyLvix (256 wn)
nv`xm welqK Awf‡hvM Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`Le †h, Bgvg eyLvix (ivn) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-†K ÒgyiwRqvÓ e‡j
Awfhy³ K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb:
:‫ ﻗﺎل ﻟﻲ ﺤﻤﺎد ﺒن أﺒﻲ ﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎن أﺒﻠﻎ أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺸرك أﻨﻲ ﺒرئ ﻤﻨـﻪ ﻗـﺎل‬:‫ﻗﺎل ﻟﻲ ﻀرار ﺒن ﺼرد ﺤدﺜﻨﺎ ﺴﻠﯿم ﺴﻤﻊ ﺴﻔﯿﺎن‬
‫ اﻟﻘرآن ﻤﺨﻠوق‬:‫وﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول‬
Òwìvi Beb myiv` Avgv‡K e‡jb, Avgv‡ì‡K mvjxg e‡j‡Qb, wZwb mydBqvb mvIix‡K ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb, Avgv‡K
nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb e‡jb, Ave~ nvbxdv bvgK gykwiK‡K Avgvi c¶ †_‡K RvbvI †h, Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kv‡bv m¤úK©
†bB| wZwb e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j: KziAvb m„ó|Ó 58
Avgiv †`Le †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ MÖ‡š’ KziAvb‡K m„ó ejvi wei“‡× A‡bK K_v wj‡L‡Qb|
KziAvb‡K m„ó ejvi wei“‡× whwb Kjg a‡ib Zuvi bv‡g ÒKziAvb m„óÓ ejvi Awf‡hvM, ZvI Zuvi wcÖqZg I wbKUZg D¯—v‡ì
bv‡g! G KvwnbxwUi GKgvÎ eY©bvKvix Ave~ byAvBg wìvi Beb myiv`| wZwb Kzdvi GKRb eo Avwe`-eyRyM© wQ‡jb; wKš‘ wZwb
wg_¨vev`x wQ‡jb| n‡°i c‡¶ eyRyM©‡ì wg_¨vPvi m¤ú‡K© Ònv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZÓ MÖ‡š’ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| 59 Beb gvqxb
e‡jb: K‚dvq `yRb gnv-wg_¨vev`x Av‡Q: GKRb Ave~ byAvBg bvLqx, Ab¨Rb Ave~ byAvBg wìvi Beb myiv`| Bgvg bvmvqx
e‡jb: (‫† )ﻤﺘروك اﻟﺤدﯿث‬m cwiZ¨³ nv`xm eY©bvKvix| bvmvqxi cwifvlvq cwiZ¨³ A_© wg_¨vev`x| Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwÏm GKB
K_v e‡j‡Qb| Bgvg eyLvix wb‡RI Zv‡K gvZiƒK A_©vr cwiZ¨³ ev wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Qb| †KD †KD Zv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| 60 P59F
my¯úóZB GwU G e¨w³i evbv‡bv GKwU Rvj Mí| ZviciI Bgvg eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm G MíwU I Giƒc A‡bK Mí
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D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K Bgvg Avh‡gi wei“‡× AccÖPvi †Kvb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡QwQj Zv Avgiv G
†_‡K eyS‡Z cviwQ| Bgvg eyLvix Zuvi ÔAvZ-ZvixL Avm-mMxiÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫ﺴﻤﻌت إﺴﻤﺎﻋﯿل ﺒن ﻋرﻋرة ﯿﻘول ﻗﺎل أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺠﺎءت اﻤرأة ﺠﻬم إﻟﯿﻨﺎ ﻫﻬﻨﺎ ﻓﺄدﺒت ﻨﺴﺎءﻨﺎ‬
ÒAvwg BmgvCj Beb AviAviv‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: Rvng (Beb mvdIqvb)-Gi ¯¿x Avgv‡ì GLv‡b
G‡m Avgv‡ì gwnjv‡ì‡K wk¶v `vb K‡i|Ó 61
Avgiv cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq †`Le †h, Rvng Beb mvdIqvb (128 wn) gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ wewfbœ Kzdix-weÀvZx
AvKx`v cÖPjb K‡ib| G Kvwnbx‡Z c‡iv¶fv‡e Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Rvn‡gi Abymvix wn‡m‡e Awfhy³ Kiv n‡”Q| Zuv‡K
Rvngx e‡j Awfhy³ K‡i Av‡iv A‡bK eY©bv Avãyjvn Beb Avng` Beb nv¤^vj, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x, LZxe evM`v`x cÖgyL
gynvwÏm msKjb K‡i‡Qb| mb`MZfv‡e G mKj eY©bv meB Rvj ev AZ¨š— `ye©j mb‡` ewY©Z| A_©MZfv‡e Awf‡hvM¸‡jv
Avgiv GKUz c‡i ch©v‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| G eY©bvi K_K BmgvCj Beb AviAviv G‡Kev‡iB AcwiwPZ e¨w³| Rvin-
Zv`xj welqK ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Rxebx ev BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Zvi eY©bvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wel‡q wKQz cvIqv hvq bv|
Bgvg eyLvix Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zuvi †_‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, A_ev wZwb †Kv‡bv Avwj‡gi KvQ †_‡K wKQz wk‡L‡Qb
e‡jI †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv D‡jL cvIqv hvq bv| evn¨Z wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K mivmwi †Kv‡bv K_v ï‡bb wb| Av‡`Š wZwb
Zuv‡K †`‡L‡Qb e‡j cÖgvwYZ bq| mgv‡R cÖPwjZ GKwU K_v wZwb Bgvg eyLvix‡K ïwb‡q‡Qb gvÎ|
9. 2. gynv¤§v` Beb Dmgvb Beb Avex kvBev (297 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM †h, wZwb dvwmK iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY êa e‡j‡Qb| Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×
gynvwÏm Ave~ Rvdi gynv¤§v` Beb Dmgvb Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avex kvBev K~dx (297 wn)| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb:
‫ﺴﻤﻌت أﺒﻲ ﯿﻘول ﺴﺎﻟت أﺒﺎ ﻨﻌﯿم ﯿﺎ أﺒﺎ ﻨﻌﯿم ﻤن ﻫؤﻻء اﻟذﯿن ﺘرﻛﺘﻬم ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﻛوﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻨوا ﯿرون اﻟﺴﯿف واﻟﺨروج ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠطﺎن ﻓﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ رأﺴﻬم أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻛﺎن ﻤرﺠﺌﺎ ﯿرى اﻟﺴﯿف‬
ÒAvwg Avgvi wcZv (Dmgvb Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avex kvBev 156-239 wn)-‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Avwg Ave~ byAvBg
(dv`j Beb `yKvBb: 130-218 wn)-‡K cÖkœ Kijvg, †n Ave~ byAvBg, A‡¯¿ wek¦vm K‡i I ivóª‡`ªvwnZv mg_©b K‡i Kzdvq
Giƒc Kv‡ì‡K †i‡L G‡m‡Qb? wZwb e‡jb: G‡ì cÖavb Ave~ nvbxdv| wZwb gyiwRqv wQ‡jb Ges mk¯¿ we‡`ªvn mg_©b
Ki‡Zb|Ó 62
gynv¤§v` Beb Dmgvb Beb Avex kvBev (ivn) K‚dvi cÖwm× Avwjg wQ‡jb| Z‡e Zvi mZZv cÖkœwe× wQj| mvwjn Rvhivn I
gvmjvgv Beb Kvwmg e‡jb: wZwb MÖnY‡hvM¨| Beb Av`x e‡jb: Zvi wel‡q mgm¨v †bB| Kzdvi mycÖwm× gynvwÏm nvwdh gynv¤§v`
Beb Avãyjvn gyZvBqvb Kzdx (202-297) e‡jb: wZwb wg_¨vev`x| Avãyjvn Beb Avng` Beb nv¤^vj e‡jb: wZwb wg_¨vev`x| Beb
wLivk e‡jb: wZwb RvwjqvwZ Ki‡Zb| eviKvbx e‡jb: Avwg memgqB ïbZvg †h, wZwb Awbf©i‡hvM¨| Rvdi Zvqvwjmx, Avãyjvn
Beb Beivnxg Beb KzZvBev, Rvdi Beb ûhvBj, gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` Av`vex I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zv‡K wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Qb| 63
9. 3. Bgvgyj nvivgvBb (419-478 wn)
cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg kvwdqx dKxn Aveyj gvAvjx Avãyj gvwjK Beb Avãyjvn Avj-RyAvBbx (ivn)| †m hy‡Mi
†kªô dKxn wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K ÒBgvgyj nvivgvBbÓ ev g°v-g`xbvi Bgvg e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| wZwb wQ‡jb ÒAvkAvixÓ gZev‡ì
cÖwZôvZv Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix: Avjx Beb BmgvCj Beb BmnvK (260-324 wn)-Gi cÖwm× I wewkó QvÎ Ges Bgvg
Mvhvjxi Lvm D¯—v`| wZwb Zuvi ÒAvj-eyinvbÓ bvgK Dm~j wdK‡ni MÖ‡š’ Bgvg kvwdqx‡K me©‡kªô Bgvg e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z †h‡q
Bgvg gvwjK I Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivwngvûgvjøvn)-Gi A‡bK `ye©jZvi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| we‡klZ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q
wZwb e‡jb:
‫ وﻟـم ﯿﻌـرف اﻷﺤﺎدﯿـث ﺤﺘـﻰ رﻀـﻲ ﺒﻘﺒـول ﻛـل ﺴـﻘﯿم‬...‫وأﻤﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻤن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻬدﯿن أﺼﻼ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻟـم ﯿﻌـرف اﻟﻌرﺒﯿـﺔ‬
‫وﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔـ ــﺔ ﻛـ ــل ﺼـ ــﺤﯿﺢ وﻟـ ــم ﯿﻌـ ــرف اﻷﺼـ ــول ﺤﺘـ ــﻰ ﻗـ ــدم اﻷﻗﯿﺴـ ــﺔ ﻋﻠـ ــﻰ اﻷﺤﺎدﯿـ ــث وﻟﻌـ ــدم ﻓﻘـ ــﻪ ﻨﻔﺴـ ــﻪ اﻀـ ــطرب ﻤذﻫﺒـ ــﻪ وﺘﻨـ ــﺎﻗض‬
‫ ﻓـﺈن ﻫـذا ﻤـذﻫب اﻟﻤرﺠﺌـﺔ ﻓﻛﯿـف ﯿظـن وﺤﺎﻟـﻪ‬...‫وﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول ﻻ ﯿﻀـر ﻤـﻊ اﻹﯿﻤـﺎن ﻤﻌﺼـﯿﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻻ ﯿﻨﻔـﻊ ﻤـﻊ اﻟﻛﻔـر طﺎﻋـﺔ‬..‫وﺘﻬﺎﻓت‬
!‫ﻫذا ﻤﺠﺘﻬدا؟‬
ÒAvi Ave~ nvbxdv †Zv g~jZ gyRZvwn`B wQ‡jb bv| KviY wZwb Aviex fvlvB Rvb‡Zb bv|... wZwb nv`xmI Rvb‡Zb bv;
GRb¨ wZwb mKj evwZj nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges mKj mnxn nv`x‡mi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Dm~jyj wdKnI Rvb‡Zb bv;
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GRb¨ wZwb wKqvm‡K nv`x‡mi Dci ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi gb-gvbwmKZvq wdKn wQj bv; †h Kvi‡Y Zuvi gvhnv‡e êcixZ¨,
¯^we‡ivwaZv I `ye©jZv we`¨gvb|... wZwb ej‡Zb: Cgvb wVK _vK‡j cvc Ki‡j †Kv‡bv Amyweav †bB; †hgb Kvwd‡ii †bK Kg© Zvi
Kv‡R jvM‡e bv|... G n‡jv gyiwRqv gZ| Avi †h e¨w³i Ae¯’v Giƒc wZwb wKfv‡e gyRZvwn` n‡Z cv‡ib!Ó 64
gvhnvex †Kv›`j I we‡Øl †m hy‡M wK †bvsiv ch©v‡q wM‡qwQj Zv Avgiv eyS‡Z cviwQ Bgvgyj nvivgvB‡bi G e³e¨
†_‡K| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wb‡R, Bgvg Zvnvex Ges mKj nvbvdx dKxn Zvu‡ì AvKx`v welqK MÖ‡š’ gyiwRqv‡ì Dc‡iv³ g‡Zi
wei“‡× A‡bK K_v wj‡L‡Qb; wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I Bgvgyj nvivgvBb G K_v¸wj Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi bv‡g ej‡jb! Avjøvn Zuv‡K ÿgv
I ingZ Kiæb|
9. 4. Avãyj Kvwì Rxjvbx (471-561 wn)
6ô wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg eyRyM© I nv¤^jx dKxn kvBL Rxjvbxi cwiPq Kv‡ivB ARvbv bq| wZwb Ò¸wbqvZzZ
ZvwjexbÓ MÖ‡š’ weåvš— gyiwRqv wdiKvi g‡a¨ ÒnvbvwdqvÓ wdiKvi K_v D‡jL K‡i e‡jb:
‫أﻤﺎ اﻟﻤرﺠﺌﺔ ﻓﻔرﻗﻬﺎ اﺜﻨﺘﺎ ﻋﺸرة ﻓرﻗﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﻤرﯿﺔ واﻟﯿوﻨﺴﯿﺔ واﻟﺜوﺒﺎﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﻨﺠﺎرﯿﺔ واﻟﻐﯿﻼﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﺒﯿﺒﯿﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎذﯿﺔ واﻟﻤرﯿﺴﯿﺔ واﻟﻛراﻤﯿﺔ‬
ÒgyiwRqviv 12wU wdiKv: Rvnwgq¨vn, mvwjwnq¨vn, kv¤§vwiq¨vn, BDbywmq¨vn, mvIevwbq¨vn, bv¾vwiq¨vn, MvBjvwbq¨vn,
kvexweq¨vn, nvbvwdq¨vn, gyAvwhq¨vn, gvixwmq¨vn I Kvi&ivwgq¨vn|Ó
Gici nvbvwdq¨vn wdiKvi eY©bvq e‡jb:
‫وأﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﻓﻬم أﺼﺤﺎب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت زﻋﻤوا أن اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﻫو اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ واﻹﻗرار ﺒﺎﷲ ورﺴوﻟﻪ وﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء‬
‫ﻤن ﻋﻨدﻩ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ذﻛرﻩ اﻟﺒرﻫوﺘﻲ‬
Ònvbvdx wdiKvi gvby‡liv Ave~ nvbxdv bygvb Beb mvwe‡Zi Abymvix| Zviv g‡b K‡i †h, Cgvb n‡jv Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j I
Zuvi wbKU †_‡K hv wKQz G‡m‡Q Zv mvgwMÖKfv‡e Rvbv (ü`‡qi Ávb) I gy‡L ¯^xKvi Kiv (AšÍ‡ii wek¦vm I gy‡Li ¯^xKv‡ivw³B
Cgvb, Kg© Cgv‡bi Ask bq)| evin~Zx Zv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|Ó65
10. AvKx`v welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv
wØZxq c‡e© Avgiv AvKx`vi GmKj welq we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| GLv‡b Avgiv ms‡¶‡c welq¸‡jv
ch©v‡jvPbv Kie| Avgiv †`‡LwQ Zuvi wei“‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM g~jZ cuvPwU: (1) gyZvwhjx, (2) Rvngx, (3) kxqv, (4)
gyiwRqv I (5) iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿avi‡Yi êaZvq wek¦vm|
10. 1. gyZvwhjx, Rvngx I kxqv AvKx`v
wØZxq, Z…Zxq I cieZ©x kZvãxi A‡bK Avwjg †_‡K ewY©Z †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv gyZvhxjx I Rvngx AvKx`vi Abymvix ev
cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb| Avevi cÖvPxb I AvaywbK †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb kxqv gZev‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó wQ‡jb| G
mKj Awf‡hvM meB mb`MZfv‡eB evwZj| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv Avwjg †_‡K mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z nq †h, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K
gyZvwhjx, Rvngx ev kxqv gZev‡ì Abymvix ev Zv‡ì cÖwZ AvK…ó e‡j Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb Z‡e Zv D³ Awf‡hvMKvix Avwj‡gi
B”QvK…Z ev Awb”QvK…Z wg_¨v e‡j MY¨ n‡e| KviY:
cÖ_gZ: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi we‡ivaxiv hvB ejyb bv †Kb, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi RxeÏkv †_‡KB Zuvi AvKx`v I wdKn
gymwjg we‡k¦ we¯—vi jvf K‡i‡Q| Zuvi kZ kZ QvÎ Zuvi gZ cvjb I cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi MÖš’vw` Aa¨qb K‡i‡Qb|
we‡ivax‡ì mKj we‡ivwaZv D‡c¶v K‡i Zuviv Bgv‡gi AvKx`v I wdKn MÖnY, cÖPvi I cÖwZôvq iZ †_‡K‡Qb| hw` wZwb
gyZvwhjx ev Rvngx‡ì †Kv‡bv AvKx`v MÖnY Ki‡Zb Z‡e Zuvi QvÎiv Aek¨B G¸‡jv cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Ges Gi c‡¶ wKQz
ej‡Zb| A_P ev¯—‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ I AbymvixMY G mKj AvKx`vi wei“‡× K‡Vvifv‡e †mv”Pvi
†_‡K‡Qb|
wØZxqZ: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi wb‡Ri †jLvq G mKj AvKx`vi wei“‡× †mv”Pvi n‡q‡Qb| Kv‡RB Zuvi wei“‡× G
mKj Awf‡hvM wg_¨v; Awf‡hvMKvix ev eY©bvKvix bv †R‡b ev †R‡b wg_¨v e‡j‡Qb|
10. 2. gyiwRqv AvKx`v
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× DÌvwcZ me‡P‡q cÖwm× Awf‡hvM †h wZwb gyiwRqv wQ‡jb| wØZxq c‡e© Avgiv gyiwRqv g‡Zi
weiæ‡× Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjøvn| GLv‡b ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvq †h, gyiwRqv A_© wejw¤^ZKvix,
¯’wMZKvix A_ev AvkvcÖ`vbKvix `j| LvwiRxMY cvcx gymwjg‡K Kvwdi Ges Abš—Kvj Rvnvbœvgx e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib| gyZvwhjx
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wek¦vmI cÖvq GKB| wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki ïi“ †_‡K LvwiRx I gyZvwhjx‡ì wecixZ Ab¨ wdiKvi D™¢e nq hviv e‡j,
Cgv‡bi mv‡_ Avg‡ji †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB| Cgvb †_‡K Avgj ev Kg© m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ I c„_K| Cgv‡bi Rb¨ ïay Aš—‡ii fw³ ev
wek¦vmB h‡_ó| Bmjv‡gi †Kv‡bv wewaweavb cvjb bv K‡iI GKe¨w³ Cgv‡bi c~Y©Zvi wkL‡i Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi Giƒc
Cgvb`vi e¨w³i Kexiv †Mvbvn Zvi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ K‡i bv| hZ †MvbvnB Ki“K bv †Kb †m RvbœvZx| G‡ì‡K gyiwRqv ejvi
KviY: (1) Giv wek¦vm K‡i †h, Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß e¨w³‡K Avjvn kvw¯— w`‡eb bv ev Zvi kvw¯— ¯’wMZ ivL‡eb GRb¨ Zv‡ì‡K
gyiwRqvn ejv nq| (2) Giv Avgj ev Kg©‡K Cgvb †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i‡Q ev ¯’wMZ K‡i‡Q GRb¨ G‡ì‡K gyiwRqv ejv nq|
(3) Giv Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß e¨w³‡K Rvbœv‡Zi Avkv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q GRb¨ Zv‡ì‡K gyiwRqv ejv nq| 66
G `y cÖvwš—K avivi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b wQ‡jb g~javivi Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ| Zuviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, cvc
Cgv‡bi ¶wZ K‡i, Z‡e Cgvb‡K aŸsm K‡i bv ev ïay cv‡ci Kvi‡YB gywgb e¨w³ Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ nb bv| eis Zvi welqwU
Avjvni Dci Awc©Z| wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡K ¶gv Ki‡eb Ges B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡K kvw¯— w`‡eb| GKvi‡Y gyZvwhjx I
LvwiRxMY Avnjym mybœvZ-‡K gyiwRqv e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiZ| KviY Zviv Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß e¨w³‡K Abš—Kvj Rvnvbœvgx bv
e‡j Zvi welqwU wejw¤^Z I ¯’wMZ K‡i P~ovš— wm×vš— Avjvni Dci †Q‡o w`‡Zb| cvkvcvwk Zuviv Avgj‡K Cgvb †_‡K
wKQzUv wcwQ‡q w`‡Zb ev Awe‡”Q`¨ I AwefvR¨ Ask e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb bv| Gfv‡e Avnjym mybœv‡Zi mK‡jB gyZvwhjx I
LvwiRx‡ì `„wó‡Z ÒgyiwRqvÓ|
Ab¨ w`‡K kxqvMYI ÔAvnjym mybœvnÕ-‡K XvjvIfv‡e gyiwRqv ej‡Zb| kxqv ag©g‡Z Avjx (iv)-Gi gh©v`vq wek¦vmB Cgvb I
Bmjv‡gi g~j welq| Zuv‡ì g‡Z Avjx (iv) mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ me©‡kªô| †h‡nZz Avnjym mybœvZ Zuv‡K me©‡kªô bv e‡j PZz_© †kªô
e‡jb, A_©vr Zuv‡K Ave~ eKi (iv), Dgvi (iv) I Dmgvb (iv)-Gi c‡i ¯’vb †`b †m‡nZz Zviv ÔgyiwRqvÕ, A_©vr Avjx (iv)-Gi
gh©v`v wejw¤^ZKvix|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K ÒgyiwRqvÓ AvL¨vwqZ Kivi wel‡q Bgvg kvniv¯—vbx gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyj Kvixg Beb Avng`
(467-548 wn) e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن ﯿﻘﺎل ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وأﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻤرﺠﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﻋدﻩ ﻛﺜﯿر ﻤن أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻻت ﻤن ﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤرﺠﺌﺔ وﻟﻌل اﻟﺴﺒب ﻓﯿﻪ أﻨﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن‬
(‫ اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﻫو اﻟﺘﺼدﯿق ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠب وﻫو ﻻ ﯿزﯿد وﻻ ﯿﻨﻘص ظﻨوا أﻨﻪ ﯿؤﺨر اﻟﻌﻤل ﻋن اﻹﯿﻤﺎن واﻟرﺠل ﻤﻊ ﺘﺠردﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤل )ﺘﺒﺤرﻩ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠم‬:‫ﯿﻘول‬
‫ واﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻨوا ﯿﻠﻘﺒون ﻛل ﻤن‬.‫ وﻟﻪ ﺴﺒب آﺨر وﻫو أﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﯿﺨﺎﻟف اﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ اﻟذﯿن ظﻬروا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼدر اﻷول‬.‫ﻛﯿف ﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﺒﺘرك اﻟﻌﻤل‬
...‫ ﻓﻼ ﯿﺒﻌد أن اﻟﻠﻘب إﻨﻤﺎ ﻟزﻤﻪ ﻤن ﻓرﯿﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ واﻟﺨوارج‬.‫ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘدر ﻤرﺠﺌﺎ وﻛذﻟك اﻟوﻋﯿدﯿﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺨوارج‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_x‡ì‡K mybœx gyiwRqv ejv n‡Zv| A‡bK †jLK Zuv‡K g~j gyiwRqv‡ì Aš—f©y³ K‡i D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ Gi KviY †h, wZwb ej‡Zb: Cgvb n‡jv Aš—‡ii wek¦vm Ges Cgv‡bi n«vme„w× nq bv| GRb¨ Zviv aviYv
K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb Avgj‡K Cgvb †_‡K wew”Pbœ K‡i‡Qb| †h gvbyl GZ Mfxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix wQ‡jb, GZ †ewk Avgj
Ki‡Zb wZwb wKfv‡e Avgj eR©‡bi dvZIqv w`‡Z cv‡ib!? Gi Ab¨ GKwU KviY i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g hy‡M (Zuvi hy‡M) cÖKvwkZ
Kv`vwiqv I gyZvwhjx‡ì wZwb we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Zb| Avi Kv`vwiqv g‡Zi wel‡q hvivB gyZvwhjx‡ì we‡ivwaZv KiZ Zv‡ì
mKj‡KB gyiwRqv ejZ| LvwiRxMYI ZvB KiZ| GRb¨ LyeB m¤¢e †h, gyiwRqv AvL¨vwU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv gyZvwhjx I
LvwiRxMY †_‡KB †c‡q‡Qb|...Ó 67
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ GKgZ †h, Avgj (Kg©) Cgv‡bi (wek¦v‡mi) AwefvR¨ Ask bq Ges ïay Kexiv
†Mvbv‡n wjß nIqvi Kvi‡Y gywgb Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ nb bv| Zvn‡j Cgvb I Avg‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK© Kx? g~javivi gynvwÏmM‡Yi
g‡Z Avgj Cgv‡bi Ask, Z‡e AwefvR¨ Ask bq, wefvR¨ Ask| Avgj ev K‡g©i Î“wU‡Z Cgvb ¶wZMÖ¯— nq, Z‡e webó nq
bv| K‡g©i e„w× I c~Y©Zvq Cgvb e„w× cvq Ges cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Cgvb n«vm cvq| Z‡e †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Kv‡bv Kexiv †Mvbv‡ni
Kvi‡YB gywgb Kvwdi nb bv|
c¶vš—‡i cÖ_g wnRix kZ‡Ki †kl w`K †_‡K A‡bK dKxn e‡jb: Avgj ev Kg© Cgv‡bi Ask bq, eis cwic~iK|
Avg‡ji Î“wU‡Z Cgvb webó nq bv Z‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— nq| Cgvb ïay wek¦v‡mi bvg| Avi wek¦v‡mi welq me©`v GK| GRb¨ G‡Z
†Kv‡bv n«vme„w× nq bv| K‡g©i n«vme„w×i Kvi‡Y gywg‡bi `xb, Bmjvg I Cgv‡bi MfxiZvq n«vme„w× nq g~j Cgv‡bi welqe¯‘i
n«vme„w× nq bv| G mKj dKxn‡K Zuv‡ì we‡ivaxiv ÒgyiwRqvÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Zb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wQ‡jb wØZxq
avivi Abymvix| G wel‡q Zuvi gZ Avgiv wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’ †`Le| Avgiv Av‡iv †`Le †h, LvwiRx I gyZvwhjx‡ì cÖvwš—
KZv, cvcx gywgb‡K Kvwdi-K_b cÖwZ‡iva Ges Rvwjg ev dvwmK ivóªcÖav‡bi wei“‡× mk¯¿ we‡`ªvn cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ dKxnMY
G gZ MÖnY K‡ib|
Zvn‡j Avgiv †`LwQ †h, gynvwÏm I dKxnM‡Yi g‡a¨ †h gZ‡f` Zv GKvš—B ÔcwifvlvMZÕ| LvwiRx-gyZvwhjx cÖvwš—
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Contents
KZvi cÖwZev‡` Zuviv GKgZ †h, Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß gywgb Kvwdi bq| gyiwRqv cÖvwš—KZvi cÖwZev‡` Zuviv GKgZ †h, Kexiv
†Mvbvn gywg‡bi Rb¨ fq¼i ¶wZKviK| gaëZ©x mgš^‡q Zviv `ywU wel‡q gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb: (1) Kg© (Avgj) wek¦v‡mi
(Cgv‡bi) Ask wK bv Ges (2) Avg‡ji Kvi‡Y g~j Cgv‡bi n«vme„w× nq bv, Cgv‡bi kw³ I MfxiZvi n«vme„w× nq|
Z…Zxq GKwU welq Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wQj, Zv n‡jv Cgv‡bi †NvlYvi mv‡_ ÔBbkv AvjvnÕ ejv| gynvwÏmMY ej‡Zb,
gywgb †h‡nZz Zvi wb‡Ri cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© wKQzB Rv‡b bv, GRb¨ Zvi ejv DwPZ: ÔBbkv Avjvn Avwg gywgbÕ| Avi dKxnMY
ej‡Zb, Bbkv Avjvn g~jZ m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡i| Avi GKRb gywgb hw` wb‡Ri eZ©gvb Cgvb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i
Zvn‡j CgvbB AMÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡q hvq| GRb¨ eZ©gvb Cgv‡bi Ae¯’v ej‡Z gywgb ÔBbkv AvjvnÕ QvovB ej‡eb; ÔAvwg gywgbÕ|
Z‡e hw` wZwb Zvi Cgv‡bi fwel¨Z cwiYwZi w`‡K j¶¨ K‡i ÔBbkv Avjvn Avwg gywgbÕ e‡jb Zvn‡j Amyweav †bB|
G mvgvb¨ welq¸‡jv wb‡q wØZxq wnRix kZK †_‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K gyiwRqv, weÀvZx, Kvwdi BZ¨vw` e‡j A‡bK
MvwjMvjvR Kiv n‡q‡Q| me‡P‡q A™¢yr ÔBbkv AvjvnÕ-i welq| G welqwUi mv‡_ KziAvb I mybœvni †Kv‡bviƒc m¤úK© †bB|
Cgv‡bi †NvlYvi mv‡_ ÔBbkv AvjvnÕ ej‡Z n‡e ev n‡e bv- G wel‡q KziAvb I nv`x‡m †Kv‡bviƒc wb‡`©kbv †bB| welqwU
G‡Kev‡iB BRwZnv`x| Zv m‡Ë¡I G wel‡q †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× A‡bK K‡Vvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|
Avãyjvn Beb Avng`, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x, LZxe evM`v`x cÖgy‡Li MÖ‡š’ cvVK Zv †`L‡eb| Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv G avivi Abymvix wQ‡jb, cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb bv| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c~‡e©B A‡bK cÖwm× dKxn G gZ MÖnY I cÖPvi K‡ib|
nv`xm welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbvq Avgiv wnRix cÖ_g I wØZxq kZ‡Ki A‡bK cÖwm× gyiwRqv gynvwÏm I dKx‡ni bvg †`Le|
wKš‘ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †hgb AvµgY I PwiÎ nb‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb †Zgb Avi †KD nb wb| evn¨Z Gi KviY cÖwmw×i Cl©v,
gvhnvex †Kv›`j I cÖwZwnsmv|
10. 3. cvcx iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM †h wZwb cvcx iv‡óªi weiæ‡× we‡`ªv‡ni êaZvq wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| Avãyjvn Beb Avng`
Beb nv¤^vj D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
‫ اﻟﻌﯿوب‬... ‫ واﺤﺘﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛذا‬... ‫ واﺤﺘﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛذا‬... ‫اﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك ﯿﻘول ﺴﻤﻌت اﻷوزاﻋﻲ ﯿﻘول اﺤﺘﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻛذا‬
‫ ﻟم ﻨﻘدر أن ﻨﺤﺘﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء اﻟﺴﯿف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻤد‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺠﺎء اﻟﺴﯿف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻤد‬
ÒBebyj gyevivK e‡jb, Avwg AvIhvqx‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ: Avgiv Ave~ nvbxdvi AgyK Ab¨vq-Î“wU mn¨ Kijvg,... AgyK
Î“wU mn¨ Kijvg, ... AgyK Ab¨vq-Î“wU mn¨ Kijvg... wKš‘ †kl ch©š— wZwb D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xi Dci A¯¿ wb‡q Avm‡jb!!
hLb wZwb D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xi g‡a¨ A¯¿ wb‡q Avm‡jb ZLb Avi Avgiv Zv‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z cvijvg bv|Ó 68
Giƒc A‡bK K_v Avãyjvn Beb Avng`, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x, LZxe evM`v`x cÖgy‡Li MÖ‡š’ cvVK †`L‡eb| me‡P‡q
gRvi welq n‡jv, Zuvi wei“‡× Ab¨ Awf‡hvM †h, wZwb cvcx ivóª¸wji wei“‡× we‡`ªvn I cÖwZev‡` KL‡bvB AskMÖnY K‡ib wb|
A_©vr †KD Zuv‡K we‡`ªv‡ni c‡¶ e‡j Awfhy³ Ki‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i †KD Zuv‡K we‡`ªv‡ni wec‡¶ e‡j Awfhy³ Ki‡Qb| A_©vr †h
†hfv‡e cvi‡Qb Zuv‡K Awfhy³ Ki‡Qb| 69 G wel‡q Zuvi wb‡Ri e³e¨ Avgiv wdKûj AvKev‡ii Abyev` I e¨vL¨vq †`Le| Avgiv
†`Le †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wb‡R I Zuvi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Zvnvex Lye my¯úófv‡e wj‡L‡Qb †h, cvcx iv‡óªi wei“‡×
A¯¿aviY Bmjvgx AvKx`vi cwicš’x I A‰ea| GLv‡b Avgiv ïay eySvi †Póv Kwi †h, wZwb hw` Giƒc êaZv w`‡qI _v‡Kb Zvn‡j
Zv KZ eo Aciva wQj? mZ¨B wK wZwbB cÖ_g D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xi g‡a¨ A¯¿ wb‡q AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb?
cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K we‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ÒivóªÓ eë¯’v cÖwZwôZ n‡jI g~j Avi‡ei evwm›`viv KL‡bv ÒivóªÓ eë¯’vi Aax‡b evm
K‡ib wb| Zviv ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ eyS‡Zb bv, eyS‡Zb †MvÎxq AvbyMZ¨| †Mv‡Îi evB‡i Kv‡iv AvbyMZ¨‡K Zviv AegvbbvKi g‡b
Ki‡Zb| GQvov e¨w³ ¯^vZš¿¨‡eva Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì g‡Zi evB‡i mKj wm×vš— Agvb¨ Ki‡Z †cÖiYv w`Z| ivm~jyjvn  G wew”Qbœ
RvwZ‡K cÖ_gev‡ii gZ †K›`ªxq ivóªxq eë¯’vi g‡a¨ Av‡bb| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K ivóªxq HK¨ I AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Qb| kvmK-cÖkvmK cvcx n‡jI Zvi cv‡ci cÖwZ N„Yv, AvcwË I cÖwZev`mn Zvi AvbyMZ¨ I ivóªxq k„•Ljv eRvq ivL‡Z
wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ eR©b Kiv, ivóª‡`ªvwnZv Kiv, ivóªxq eë¯’vi evB‡i ev ivóªnxbfv‡e evm Kiv‡K wZwb Rvwnjx Rxeb
I G cÖKv‡ii g„Zy¨‡K Rvwnjx g„Zy¨ e‡j‡Qb| cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv G¸‡jv we¯—vwiZ †`Le, Bbkv Avjvn|
ivóªxq k„•Ljv welqK KziAvb-nv`x‡mi G mKj wb‡`©kbv Abyaveb I cÖ‡qvM N‡U µgvš^‡q ivóªxq eë¯’vi g‡a¨ emev‡mi
mv‡_ mv‡_| G RvZxq GKwU welq Òcvcx ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyMZ¨Ó ebvg Òcv‡ci cÖwZev`Ó| KziAvb I nv`x‡m evievi b¨v‡qi
Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivL‡Z I we‡`ªvn eR©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©k
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Dfq wb‡`©‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi †¶‡Î cÖ_g hy‡Mi mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi g‡a¨ wKQz gZcv_©K¨ I Kg©cv_©K¨ N‡U|
AwaKvsk mvnvex-Zvweqx me©ve¯’vq ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivLv dih Ges iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY nvivg e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
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Contents

c¶vš—‡i Zuv‡ì hy‡M wKQz NUbv N‡U‡Q hv‡Z †KD †KD iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY K‡i‡Qb| Bqvwh‡ì mg‡q
Bgvg ûmvB‡bi (iv) NUbvq, g`xbvi we‡`ªv‡n I Beb hyevB‡ii NUbvq K‡qKRb mvnvex I A‡bK cÖwm× Zvweqx A¯¿aviY
K‡ib| Avãyj gvwj‡Ki (wLjvdvZ 65-86) wei“‡× Avãyi ivngvb Beb gynv¤§v` Bebyj AvmÔAv‡mi (85 wn) we‡`ªv‡n, DgvBqv
Ljxdv‡ì wei“‡× Bgvg ûmvB‡bi †cŠÎ hvB` Beb Avjxi (122 wn) hy‡× Ges AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvbm~‡ii wei“‡× Avjx (iv)-Gi
eskai, Ôbvdm hvwKq¨vnÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjvn (92-147 wn)-Gi we‡`ªv‡n A‡bK cÖwm×
Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx Bgvg I Avwjg AskMÖnY K‡ib ev êaZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Kb Ges †Kvb †cÖ¶vc‡U Zuviv Zv K‡i‡Qb Zv
Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| Z‡e j¶Yxq †h, g~javivi mvnvex-ZvweqxMY Giƒc we‡`ªv‡ni
we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e AskMÖnYKvix ev êaZv`vbKvix‡ì‡K weåvš— e‡jb wb| eis Zuviv BRwZnv‡` fyj K‡i‡Qb e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuv‡ì Rb¨ `yAv K‡i‡Qb|
Gfv‡e wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx I wØZxq kZvãxi cÖ_gvsk ch©š— †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Zvweqx gynvwÏm I dKxn cvcx miKv‡ii
Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡` A¯¿aviY êa e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| G‡K Zviv Òb¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡l‡aiÓ Ask e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
wØZxq kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi gynvwÏm I dKxnMY GKgZ n‡q hvb †h, Rvwjg ev cvcx
miKv‡ii wei“‡× A¯¿aviY êa bq| LvwiRx I gyZvwhjx‡ì AvKx`vi g~jbxwZ wQj b¨v‡qi Av‡`k, Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la I wRnv‡ì
bv‡g cvcx miKv‡ii wei“‡× A¯¿aviY| cÿvšÍ‡i g~javivi gynvwÏm I dKxnMY Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`vi g‡a¨
cvcx miKv‡ii wei“‡× A¯¿avi‡Yi A‰eaZvi welqwU Aš—f©y³ K‡i‡Qb|
Zvn‡j bygvb Beb mvweZ cÖ_g D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ A¯¿ wb‡q AvMgb K‡ib wb| Zuvi c~‡e© I mgmvgwqK A‡bK mycÖwm× dKxn I
gynvwÏm cvcx miKv‡ii wei“‡× A¯¿avi‡Yi êaZvq wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb| G welqK HKgZ¨ cÖwZôvi Av‡M, Zuvi hy‡Mi KvD‡K G gZ
†cvl‡Yi Rb¨ weåvš— ejv hvq bv| Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb:
‫وﻗوﻟﻬم ﻛﺎن ﯿرى اﻟﺴﯿف ﯿﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯿرى اﻟﺨروج ﺒﺎﻟﺴﯿف ﻋﻠﻰ أﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﺠور وﻫذا ﻤذﻫب ﻟﻠﺴﻠف ﻗدﯿم ﻟﻛن اﺴﺘﻘر اﻻﻤر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘرك‬
.‫ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫذا اﻟرأى ﻻ ﯿﻘدح ﻓﻲ رﺠل ﻗد ﺜﺒﺘت ﻋداﻟﺘﻪ واﺸﺘﻬر ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻔظ واﻻﺘﻘﺎن واﻟورع اﻟﺘﺎم‬...‫ذﻟك‬
ÒA‡¯¿ wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, A_©vr Rvwjg-dvwmK kvmK‡ì wei“‡× A¯¿aviY êa e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| cÖvPxb mvjd
mvwjnx‡bi g‡a¨ G gZwU we`¨gvb wQj| cieZ©x‡Z GwU eR©b Kivi wel‡q HKgZ¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|...hvi mZZv cÖgvwYZ
Ges nv`xm gyL¯’ ivLv I cwic~Y© ZvKIqvi wel‡q whwb cÖwm× G gZwU Zuvi Î“wU cÖgvY K‡i bv|Ó 70
11. nv`xm welqK Awf‡hvM
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ nv`xm welqK Awf‡hvM wØwea: (1) wZwb nv`x‡mi Ávb I eY©bvq `ye©j wQ‡jb Ges
(2) wZwb nv`xm we‡ivax wdK‡ni RbK wQ‡jb| Bbkv Avjøvn, wØZxq welqwU Avgiv wdKn welqK Awf‡hvM cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv
Kie| GLv‡b Avgiv cÖ_g welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB|
Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, Z…Zxq kZK †_‡K gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv we‡ivax cÖPviYv wQj e¨vcK| ZviciI
Avgiv †`wL †h, Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm I Rvin-Zv`xj we‡klÁMY Zuvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi K_v e‡j‡Qb|
cieZ©xMY Zuvi `ye©jZvi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
11. 1. BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb (158-233 wn)
B‡Zvc~‡e© Beb gvqxb (ivn)-Gi K_vq Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Zuvi hy‡MB gynvwÏmMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_x‡ì wel‡q
mxgvj•Nb Ki‡Zb| cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`Le †h, Zuvi hy‡MB gyZvwhjx we‡ivwaZv, gyiwRqv we‡ivwaZv, weÀvZx AvKx`v
we‡ivwaZv I nv`xm A¯^xKvi we‡ivwaZvi bv‡g Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_x‡ì wei“‡× cÖPviYv Zz‡½ D‡V‡Q| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
wel‡q Beb gvqx‡bi MÖ‡š’ I Zuvi †_‡K ewY©Z e³e¨¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv †`wL:
(K) wZwb c~e©eZ©x AvwjgMY †_‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c‡¶ wKQz e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| Giƒc GKwU eY©bv wbgœiƒc:
‫ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﻀرﯿس ﯿﻘول ﺸﻬدت ﺴﻔﯿﺎن وأﺘﺎﻩ رﺠل )رﺠل ﻟﻪ ﻤﻘدار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠم واﻟﻌﺒﺎدة( ﻓﻘﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﻘم ﻋﻠﻰ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻗﺎل وﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ )واﻵﺜﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﺸت ﻓﻲ أﯿدي‬ ‫ آﺨذ ﺒﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻟم أﺠد ﻓﺒﺴﻨﺔ رﺴول اﷲ‬:‫ﻗﺎل ﺴﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﯿﻘول ﻗوﻻ ﻓﯿﻪ إﻨﺼﺎف وﺤﺠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎت ﻋن اﻟﺜﻘﺎت( ﻓﺈن ﻟم أﺠد ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﻻ ﺴﻨﺔ آﺨذ ﺒﻘول أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ آﺨذ ﺒﻘول ﻤن ﺸﺌت ﻤﻨﻬم وأدع ﻗول ﻤن ﺸﺌت وﻻ أﺨرج ﻤن‬
‫ ﻓﻘوم اﺠﺘﻬدوا ﻓﺄﺠﺘﻬد ﻛﻤﺎ اﺠﺘﻬدوا ﻗﺎل ﻓﺴﻛت‬... ‫ﻗوﻟﻬم إﻟﻰ ﻗول ﻏﯿرﻫم ﻓﺈذا ﻤﺎ اﻨﺘﻬﻰ اﻷﻤر إﻟﻰ إﺒراﻫﯿم واﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ واﺒن ﺴﯿرﯿن واﻟﺤﺴن‬
‫ ﻨﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﺸدﯿد ﻤن اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻨﺨﺎﻓﻪ وﻨﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻠﯿن ﻓﻨرﺠوﻩ ﻻ ﻨﺤﺎﺴب اﻷﺤﯿﺎء وﻻ ﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻤوات ﻨﺴﻠم ﻤﺎ‬... ‫ﺴﻔﯿﺎن طوﯿﻼ ﺜم ﻗﺎل‬
‫ﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ وﻨﻛل ﻤﺎ ﻟم ﻨﻌﻠم إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻪ وﻨﺘﻬم رأﯿﻨﺎ ﻟرأﯿﻬم‬
ÒBqvnBqv Beb `yivBm e‡jb, Avwg mydBqvb mvIixi Kv‡Q e‡m wQjvg| GgZve¯’vq GKe¨w³ Zuvi wbKU Avm‡jb, whwb
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Bjg I Bev`‡Z eo gh©v`vm¤úbœ wQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, Avcwb †Kb Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwZ wei³? wZwb e‡jb: †Kb? Zuvi wK
n‡q‡Q? †jvKwU e‡j: Avwg Zuv‡K hv ej‡Z ï‡bwQ Zv Bbmvd I `wjjc~Y©| wZwb e‡jb: ÒAvwg Avjvni wKZv‡ei Dci wbf©i
Kwi| Avjvni wKZv‡e hv bv cvB †m wel‡q ivm~jyjvni () mybœvZ I wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì m~‡Î wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì †_‡K ewY©Z
mnxn nv`xm¸‡jvi Dci wbf©i Kwi| wKZve I mybœv‡Z hv bv cvB †m wel‡q mvnvexM‡Yi e³‡eï Dci wbf©i Kwi| Zuv‡ì ga¨
†_‡K hvi gZ B”Qv MÖnY Kwi Ges hvi gZ B”Qv ev` †`B, Z‡e Zuv‡ì gZ †Q‡o Ab¨ Kv‡iv K_vi w`‡K hvB bv| Avi hLb
welqwU Beivnxg bvLqx, kvÕex, Beb mxixb, ... Zvweqx‡ì ch©v‡q Av‡m ZLb Zuviv †hgb BRwZnv` K‡i‡Qb AvwgI †Zgb
BRwZnv` Kwi|Ó G K_v ï‡b mvIix `xN©mgq Pzc K‡i _v‡Kb| ... Gici e‡jb: Avgiv A‡bK mgq KwVb ev Lvivc K_v ïwb,
ZLb Zv‡Z fxZ nB, KL‡bv big K_v ïwb ZLb Avkvev`x nB| Avgiv RxweZ‡ì wnmve jB bv Ges g„Z‡ì wePviI Kwi bv|
hv ïwb Zv †g‡b wbB Ges hv bv Rvwb Zv whwb Rv‡bb Zvi Dci †Q‡o w`B| Zuv‡ì g‡Zi wecix‡Z Avgv‡ì gZ‡KB Awfhy³
Kwi|Ó 71
G †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, A‡bK mgq gvby‡liv Bgvg mvIixi Kv‡Q †h‡q, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi bv‡g Ggb me K_v
ejZ †h wZwb Zuvi Cgvbx †PZbvq µz× I ¶z× n‡q weiƒc gš—e¨ Ki‡Zb| Avevi hLb wZwb fvj K_v ïb‡Zb ZLb Zuvi cÖwZ fvj
aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Zb| Beb gvqxb ïay fvj welqB D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
(L) wZwb Zuvi D¯—v` wØZxq kZ‡Ki Rvin-Zv`x‡ji Bgvg BqvnBqv Beb mvqx` Avj-KvËvb †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †h,
wZwb Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖksmv Ki‡Zb Ges wdKnx g‡Z Zuvi AbymiY Ki‡Zb| G welqK GKwU D×„wZ Avgiv Dc‡i D‡jL
K‡iwQ| Ab¨ e³‡e¨ Beb gvqxb e‡jb: Avwg BqvnBqv Beb mvqx` Avj-KvËvb‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
‫ﻻ ﻨﻛذب اﷲ رﺒﻤﺎ رأﯿﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻲء ﻤن رأى أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ‬
ÒAvgiv Avjvn‡K wg_¨ eje bv, A‡bK mgq Avgiv Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡Zi wKQz welq †`wL hv Avgv‡ì fvj jv‡M, ZLb
Avgiv †m K_v gZB dvZIqv cÖ`vb Kwi|Ó 72
(M) Beb gvqxb wb‡RI Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wdK‡ni Abymvix ev f³ wQ‡jb| Zuvi QvÎ AveŸvm Beb gynv¤§v` Av`-`~ix
(183-271wn) e‡jb:
‫ﻗﺎل ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﻗﺎل اﺒن وﻫب ﻋن ﻤﺎﻟك ﺒن أﻨس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤرأة ﯿﻛون وﻟﯿﻬﺎ ﻀﻌﯿﻔﺎ أو ﯿﻛون ﻏﺎﺌﺒﺎ أو ﻻ ﯿﻛون ﻟﻬﺎ وﻟﻲ ﻓﺘوﻟﻲ أﻤرﻫﺎ‬
.‫رﺠﻼ ﻓﯿزوﺠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺠﺎﺌز وﻗﺎل اﺒن وﻫب ﻻ إﻻ ﺒوﻟﻲ ﻗﻠت ﻟﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﻫذا ﯿواﻓق ﻗول أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻗﺎل ﻨﻌم ﯿﻌﻨﻰ ﻗول ﻤﺎﻟك‬
BqvnBqv e‡jb: (wgm‡ii cÖwm× dKxn Avãyjvn) Beb Iqvne (197 wn) gvwjK Beb Avbvm (179 wn) †_‡K eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb †h, hw` †Kv‡bv gwnjvi AwffveK `ye©j nq ev Abycw¯’Z _v‡K, A_ev Zvi AwffveK bv _v‡K Ges †m gwnjv Ab¨
†Kv‡bv cyi“l‡K `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges †m Zvi weevn m¤úv`b K‡i Z‡e †m weevn êa n‡e| Avi Beb Iqvnv‡ei wb‡Ri gZ
n‡jv, G weevn êa n‡e bv, AwffveK Qvov weevn n‡e bv| ZLb Avwg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb‡K ejjvg, gvwj‡Ki G gZ wK Ave~
nvbxdvi g‡Zi mv‡_ wg‡j? wZwb ej‡jb: nu¨v|Ó 73
G e³e¨ †_‡K eySv hvq †h, Beb gvqxb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKn m¤ú‡K© we‡klÁ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Zb, †h Kvi‡Y
†Kv‡bv wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gvhnve Rvb‡Z Zuv‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡Zv|
(N) 4_©-5g kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm I dKxn ûmvBb Beb Avjx mvBgvix (351-436wn) Zuvi mb‡` D×„Z K‡ib, Beb
gvqxb e‡jb:
‫اﻟﻘراءة ﻋﻨدي ﻗراءة ﺤﻤزة واﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﻪ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذا أدرﻛت اﻟﻨﺎس‬
ÒAvgvi g‡Z wKivAvZ n‡jv nvghvi wKivAvZ Ges wdKn n‡jv Ave~ nvbxdvi wdKn| Avwg gvbyl‡ì‡K G wm×v‡šÍi
Dc‡iB †c‡qwQ|Ó 74
G Dw³ †_‡KI Rvbv hvq †h, Beb gvqxb nvbvdx wdKn‡KB AbyKiYxq weï× wdKn e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
(O) 4_© kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb Avh`x (374 wn) I 5g kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm Beb Avãyj
evii (368-463 wn) Zuv‡ì mb‡` D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
‫ وﻗد ﺴﻤﻌت ﻤن أﺒﻲ ﯿوﺴف اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﯿر‬:‫ﻗﺎل ﯿﺤﯿﻰ‬
ÒBqvnBqv Beb gvqxb e‡jb, Avwg Ave~ BDm~‡di wbKU †_‡K ÒRvwg mvMxiÓ MÖš’wU ï‡bwQ|Ó 75
ÒRvwg mvMxiÓ nvbvdx wdK‡ni Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK MÖš’, hv‡Z Bgvg gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb kvBevbx (131-189 wn) Bgvg
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Ave~ nvbxdv, Ave~ BDm~d I Zuvi wb‡Ri wdKnx gZvgZ msKjb K‡ib| G K_vwUI cÖgvY K‡i †h, Beb gvqxb
nvbvdx wdK‡ni cÖwZ AvK…ó I G wel‡q we‡klÁ wQ‡jb|
(P) wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb| G wel‡q wZwb wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ cwifvlv eënvi
K‡ib| Avh`x I Beb Avãyj evii Zuv‡ì mb‡` D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
‫ وأﻤﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،‫ أﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻼ أﺤب ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ‬:‫؟ ﻓﻘﺎل‬... ‫ أﯿﻤﺎ أﺤب إﻟﯿك أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أو اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬:‫ﻗﯿل ﻟﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن‬
.‫ وﻟﻛن ﻟﯿس أرى ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ ﯿﺠزئ‬،‫ وأﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻟم ﯿﻛن ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﻛذب وﻛﺎن ﺼدوﻗﺎ‬،‫ﻓﻘد ﺤدث ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗوم ﺼﺎﻟﺤون‬
ÒBeb gvqxb‡K ejv nq: Avcbvi wbKU †K wcÖqZi? Ave~ nvbxdv, bv kvwdqx...? wZwb e‡jb: kwdqxi welq n‡jv,
Zuvi nv`xm Avwg cQ›` Kwi bv| Avi Ave~ nvbxdvi welq n‡jv, Zuvi †_‡K A‡bK †bKKvi gvbyl nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ave~
nvbxdv wg_¨vev`x wQ‡jb bv| wZwb mZ¨civqY wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Avgvi g‡b nq Zuvi nv`xm h‡_ó bq|Ó 76
GLv‡b Beb gvqxb ej‡Qb †h, wZwb Bgvg kvwdqxi nv`xm cQ›` K‡ib bv, eis nv`x‡mi †¶‡Î Zuvi †P‡q Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv kw³kvjx I AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨| GiciI ej‡Qb †h, Zuvi nv`xm h‡_ó bq| G e³e¨‡K Bgvg kvwdqxi
AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ev `ye©jZvi `jxj wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv wVK bq| wKqvmcš’x ivexqvn, Kvhx
gynv¤§v` Beb nvhg, Bgvg Rvdi mvw`K m¤ú‡K© Beb DqvBbvni e³e¨ Ges Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© Bebyj gyeviv‡Ki
e³‡eï A_© Avi G e³‡eï A_© GKB e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| A_©vr wdKnx wel‡q e¨¯—Zvi Kvi‡Y gynvwÏm‡ì Zzjbvq Zuv‡ì
nv`x‡m fyjåvwš— †ewk n‡Zv A_ev Zuv‡ì ewY©Z nv`x‡mi cwigvY Kg wQj| Gi g‡a¨ Beb gvqx‡bi `„wó‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
Bgvg kvwdqxi †P‡q AwaKZi wbf©i‡hvM¨|
(Q) Beb Av`x (365 wn) I LZxe ev`Mv`x (463 wn) Avng` Beb mv` Beb Avex gwiqg (253 wn) †_‡K D×„Z
K‡i‡Qb:
‫ﺴﺄﻟت ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن ﻋن أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻗﺎل ﻻ ﺘﻛﺘب ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ‬
ÒAvwg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb‡K Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q wRÁvmv Kijvg, wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg Zuvi nv`xm wjL bv|Ó 77
kvBL bvwmi“Ïxb Avjevbx e‡jb, G K_v †_‡K eySv hvq †h, Beb gvqxb Ave~ nvbxdv‡K `ye©j e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Qb| 78
c¶vš—‡i kvBL Avãyi ivngvb Beb BqvnBqv gyAvwjgx (1386 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﻋﻠم أن أﺤﻤد ﻗد اﺴﺘﻛﺜر ﻤن ﺴﻤﺎع اﻟﺤدﯿث وﯿﻤﻛﻨﻪ أن ﯿﺸﺘﻐل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫو‬... ‫)ﻻ ﺘﻛﺘب ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ( ﻟﯿﺴت ﺒﺼرﯿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠرح ﻓﻘد ﯿﻛون اﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن‬
‫أﻨﻔﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻤن ﺘﺘﺒﻊ أﺤﺎدﯿث أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ‬
Ò(Zzwg Zuvi nv`xm wjL bv) G K_vwU my¯úófv‡e `ye©jZv cÖKvkK bq| n‡Z cv‡i †h, Beb gvqxb Rvb‡Zb †h, Beb
Avex gwiqg nv`xm wk¶vq A‡bK AMÖeZx©, Kv‡RB Ave~ nvbxdvi ewY©Z nv`xm AbymÜvb bv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡hvMx wel‡q e¨¯—
nIqv Zuvi Rb¨ m¤¢e|Ó 79
A_©vr wdK‡n AZ¨waK e¨¯—Zvi Kvi‡Y Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi ewY©Z nv`xm Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg| Kv‡RB Beb gvqx‡bi g‡Z
Beb Avex gwiq‡gi Rb¨ Zuvi nv`xm bv wjL‡jI Pj‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gynvwÏm QvÎ‡ì msL¨v Ges Zuvi wKZveyj
Avmvi I gymbv` MÖ‡š’i nv`x‡mi msL¨vi w`‡K jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm Zuvi cÖR‡b¥i gynvwÏm‡ì Zzjbvq Kg
wQj bv|
(R) Beb gvqx‡bi gvwidvZzi wiRvj MÖ‡š’i eY©bvKvix Zuvi QvÎ Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Kvwmg Beb gynwih e‡jb:
‫ وﺴﻤﻌت ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﯿﻘول ﻤرة أﺨرى أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬... ‫ﺴﻤﻌت ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن ﯿﻘول ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ وﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯿﻛذب‬
‫ﻋﻨدﻨﺎ ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﺼدق وﻟم ﯿﺘﻬم ﺒﺎﻟﻛذب وﻟﻘد ﻀرﺒﻪ اﺒن ﻫﺒﯿرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻓﺄﺒﻰ أن ﯿﻛون ﻗﺎﻀﯿﺎ‬
ÒAvwg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q †Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB| wZwb wg_¨v ej‡Zb bv| ... Avwg
BqvnBqv‡K Ab¨ GKevi ej‡Z ï‡bwQ: Ave~ nvbxdv Avgv‡ì wbKU mZ¨civqY, Zuv‡K wg_¨vq Awfhy³ Kiv nq wb| (Biv‡Ki
DgvBqv Mfb©i) Beb ûevBiv (132 wn) Zuv‡K wePviK c` MÖn‡Y eva¨ Ki‡Z cÖnvi K‡ib; Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb wePvi‡Ki c` MÖnY
Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib|Ó80
G K_v¸‡jvI evn¨Z Dc‡ii A‡_©B, Z‡e AwaK kw³kvjx| KviY gynvwÏmMY Rv‡bb †h, Beb gvqx‡bi cwifvlvq
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ÒAvcwË †bBÓ A_© wZwb ÔwmKvnÕ ev wek¦¯— I wbf©i‡hvM¨| 81

(S) Beb Avãyj evi&i (368-463 wn) Zuvi mb‡` Beb gvqx‡bi QvÎ Avãyjvn Beb Avng` Beb Beivnxg `vIivKx
(276 wn) †_‡K D×„Z K‡ib:
‫ﺴﺌل ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن وأﻨﺎ اﺴﻤﻊ ﻋن أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎل ﺜﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻤﻌت أﺤدا ﻀﻌﻔﻪ ﻫذا ﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺒن اﻟﺤﺠﺎج ﯿﻛﺘب اﻟﯿﻪ أن‬
‫ﯿﺤدث وﯿﺄﻤرﻩ وﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬
ÒAvgvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z BqvBqv Beb gvqxb‡K Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiv nq, Avwg ïbwQjvg, wZwb e‡jb: wZwb
wbf©i‡hvM¨-wek¦¯—| †KD Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb e‡j Avwg ïwb wb| G †Zv ïev Bebyj nv¾vR, wZwb Ave~ nvbxdv‡K nv`xm eY©bv
Ki‡Z wj‡Lb Ges Aby‡iva K‡ib| Avi ïev †Zv ïevB|Ó 82
GLv‡b Lye ¯úó K‡i Beb gvqxb Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb †h, Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Q Ggb
GKRb‡KI wZwb Rv‡bb bv| Dciš‘ ïevi gZ‡K wZwb cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck Ki‡Qb|
(T) Bgvg wgh&hx (742wn), Bgvg hvnvex (748 wn), Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (852 wn) cÖgyL wiRvjwe` Beb gvqx‡bi
QvÎ gynv¤§v` Beb mv` Avj-AvDdx †_‡K D×„Z K‡ib, Avwg Beb gvqxb‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
.‫ وﻻ ﯿﺤدث ﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯿﺤﻔظ‬،‫ ﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯿﺤدث ﺒﺎﻟﺤدﯿث إﻻ ﺒﻤﺎ ﯿﺤﻔظﻪ‬،‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv nv`x‡m wbf©i‡hvM¨-wek¦¯— wQ‡jb| †h nv`xm Zuvi gyL¯’ †m nv`xm Qvov †Kv‡bv nv`xm wZwb ej‡Zb bv| hv Zuvi
gyL¯’ bq Zv wZwb ej‡Zb bv|Ó
GQvov Zvuiv Beb gvqx‡bi Ab¨ QvÎ mvwjn Beb gynv¤§v` Avmv`x Rvhivn (293 wn) †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb, wZwb e‡jb,
Beb gvqxb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺜﻘﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
83
ÒAve~ nvbxdv nv`x‡m wbf©i‡hvM¨ wQ‡jb|Ó
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Beb gvqxb my¯úófv‡eB D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, c~e©eZ©x †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K
`ye©j e‡jb wb| AwaKvsk e³‡e¨ Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| KL‡bv ev Zuv‡K wKQzUv `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| evn¨Z G `ye©jZv wdKnx
wel‡q e¨¯—Zvi Rb¨ nv`xm eY©bvq ¸iæZ¡ Kg †Ìqvi Kvi‡Y| G‡¶‡Î wZwb Bgvg kvwdqxi †P‡q AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j Beb
gvqxb e‡j‡Qb|
11. 2. Bebyj gv`xbx: Avjx Beb Avãyjvn (161-234wn)
Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki Rvin-Zv`x‡ji Ab¨ w`Kcvj Bgvg Bebyj gv`xbx (ivn)| Avh&`x I Beb Avãyj evi&i Zuv‡ì mb‡`
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb, Bebyj gv`xbx e‡jb:
‫أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ روى ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺜوري واﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك وﺤﻤﺎد ﺒن زﯿد وﻫﺸﯿم ووﻛﯿﻊ ﺒن اﻟﺠراح وﻋﺒﺎد ﺒن اﻟﻌوام وﺠﻌﻔر ﺒن ﻋون وﻫو ﺜﻘﺔ ﻻ‬
.‫ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv †_‡K mydBqvb mvIix, Avãyjvn Bebyj gyevivK, nv¤§v` Beb hvB`, ûkvBg, IKx Bebyj Rvi&ivn, AveŸv`
Bebyj AvDqvg, Rvdi Beb AvDb cÖgyL nv`xm wk¶v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨, Zuvi wel‡q †Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB|Ó 84
GLv‡b Bebyj gv`xbx wb‡R Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j D‡jL Kiv QvovI Ab¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb hv‡ì bvg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Giv mK‡jB wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg gynvwÏm I Rvin-Zv`x‡ji Bgvg
wQ‡jb| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuv‡ì nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Giv mK‡jB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K nv`xm
wk‡L‡Qb| Gi A_© wØZxq kZ‡Ki gynvwÏmMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ
†h, Beb gvqxbI G welqwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i e‡j‡Qb: ÒAve~ nvbxdv †_‡K A‡bK †bKKvi gvbyl nv`xm wk¶v K‡i‡Qb|Ó
Ab¨ eY©bvq Bebyj gv`xbx Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K `ye©j e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| LZxe evM`v`x Bebyj gv`xbxi †Q‡j
Avãyjvn †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
‫ وروى ﺨﻤﺴﯿن ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ أﺨطﺄ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ‬... ‫ﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﯿﻌﻨﻲ أﺒﺎﻩ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟرأي ﻓﻀﻌﻔﻪ ﺠدا وﻗﺎل‬
Avwg Avgvi wcZv Bebyj gv`xbx‡K ÔivqÕ ev ÔwKqvmcš’xÕ Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kwi| ZLb wZwb Zuv‡K Lye
`ye©j e‡j D‡jL K‡ib Ges e‡jb: wZwb 50wU nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h¸‡jv‡Z fyj K‡i‡Qb|Ó 85
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Dfq e³‡eï g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ ¯úó| Avgiv Rvwb bv †Kvb&wU Zuvi me©‡kl e³e¨| Z‡e evn¨Z ÒwKqvmcš’xÓ nIqv Zuvi
cÖwZ gynvwÏm‡ì weiw³i Ab¨Zg KviY|
11. 3. Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^vj (164-241 wn)
Bgvg Avng` (ivn)I ÔwKqvmcš’xÕ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Dc‡i we¶z× wQ‡jb| Zuvi cyÎ e‡jb: Avgvi wcZv‡K
cÖkœ Kiv nq, GK ¯’v‡b wKqvmcš’xiv i‡q‡Qb Ges K‡qKRb nv`xmcš’x i‡q‡Qb hviv nv`x‡mi mnxn-hqxd ey‡Sb bv, †mLv‡b hw`
†KD `xb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Kv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡e? wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﺤدﯿث أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬...‫ﯿﺴﺄل أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟﺤدﯿث وﻻ ﯿﺴﺄل اﺼﺤﺎب اﻟرأي اﻟﻀﻌﯿف اﻟﺤدﯿث ﺨﯿر ﻤن رأي أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻀﻌﯿف ورأﯿﻪ ﻀﻌﯿف‬
ÒgynvwÏm‡ì‡K cÖkœ Ki‡e, wKš‘ wKqvmcš’x‡ì‡K (dKxn‡ì‡K) cÖkœ Ki‡e bv; Ave~ nvbxdvi wKqv‡mi †P‡q hqxd
nv`xm DËg .... Ave~ nvbxdvi nv`xm hqxd Ges Zuvi ivq (wdKnx gZ)-I hqxd|Ó 86
Bgvg Avng` Ab¨Î e‡jb:
.‫ ﻓﺨرج ﺒﯿﻨﻨﺎ‬،‫وﻛﻨﺎ ﻨﻠﻌن أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟرأي وﯿﻠﻌوﻨﻨﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺠﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
ÒAvgiv ÔivqÕ-cš’x ev wKqvmcš’x‡ì‡K (dKxn‡ì‡K) Awfkvc KiZvg Ges ZuvivI Avgv‡ì‡K Awfkvc Ki‡Zb|
Gici kvwdqx Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avm‡jb, ZLb wZwb Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î Mo‡jb|Ó 87
A_©vr nv`xm I wdK‡ni g‡a¨ Z_vKw_Z †h kÎ“Zv wQj Bgvg Avng` Zv‡Z cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Bgvg kvwdqxi mv‡_ mv¶vZ
I wk¶v MÖn‡Yi ci Zuvi G wfwËnxb we‡Øl `~ixf~Z nq| D‡jL¨ †h, Bgvg kvwdqxI Avnj ivq wn‡m‡e gynvwÏm‡ì weivMfvRb
n‡q‡Qb| Beb gvqx‡bi Awf‡hvM Avgiv †`‡LwQ| eyLvix I gymwjg Zuvi nv`xm cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib wb| wdKnx e¨¯—Zvi
Kvi‡Y nv`xm wel‡q Zuvi A‡c¶vK…Z Kg AwfÁZvi welq e¨³ K‡i wZwb Bgvg Avng`‡K e‡jb:
‫أﻨﺘم أﻋﻠم ﺒﺎﻷﺨﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﺎح ﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن ﺨﺒر ﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻤﻨﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ أذﻫب إﻟﯿﻪ‬
Òmnxn nv`x‡mi wel‡q Avcbviv-gynvwÏmMY Avgv‡ì-dKxnM‡Yi †P‡q AwaK AwfÁ| hw` †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`xm _v‡K
Z‡e Avgv‡K Rvbvb, †hb Avwg Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi| 88
GLv‡b Ab¨ Av‡iKwU welq j¶Yxq| Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji Dci wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii †nvZv gyZvwhjx ¸i“, Ljxdv
gvgyb, gyÕZvwmg I Iqvwm‡Ki cÖavb gš¿Yv`vZv wePvicwZ Avng` Beb Avex `yIqv` wQ‡jb cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn| Zvi
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Ges evievi ZviB BÜ‡b Ljxdv gyÔZvwmg Bgvg Avng`‡K wbg©gfv‡e wbh©vZb K‡ib| ZrKvjxb mg‡qi
gyZvwhjxMY mK‡jB wdKnx wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AbymiY Ki‡Zb Ges AvKx`vi †¶‡ÎI wZwb Zuv‡ì c‡¶ wQ‡jb e‡j
cÖgv‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Zb| Kv‡RB Bgvg Avng‡ì g‡b mvgwMÖKfv‡e nvbvdx dKxnMY, nvbvdx wdKn I Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwZ
weiw³ I †ÿvf _vKvB ¯^vfvweK|
11. 4. Bgvg eyLvix (194-256 wn)
Bgvg eyLvix gymwjg D¤§vni Ab¨Zg †kªô gynvwÏm I dKxn| mnxn eyLvix QvovI nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex I
gynvwÏmM‡Yi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv, `ye©jZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q wZwb A‡bK¸‡jv MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| ivexM‡Yi mgv‡jvPbvq Bgvg eyLvixi
`ywU êwkó¨ j¶Yxq:
cÖ_gZ: cwifvlvi webgªZv| Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm hv‡K Òwg_¨vev`xÓ ev ÒRvwjqvZÓ e‡j‡Qb, wZwb Zvi wel‡q e‡j‡Qb:
ÒZvi wel‡q AvcwË Av‡QÓ, ÒAvcwËKiÓ, ÒcwiZ¨³Ó, Zv‡K gynvwÏmMY cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡QbÓ, ÒZvi wel‡q Zviv bxie
†_‡K‡QbÓ, ÒgyL wdwi‡q‡QbÓ BZ¨vw`|
wØZxqZ: mgv‡jvPbvi webgªZv| Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm hv‡ì‡K AZ¨š— `ye©j ev wg_¨vev`x e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì
A‡bK‡K wZwb Aí `ye©j ev †Kv‡bv iKg MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
G webgª mgv‡jvPK Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †¶‡Î webgªZv ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb| wZwb ÔAvZ-ZvixL Avm-mMxiÕ MÖ‡š’ Zuvi D¯—v`
byAvBg Beb nv¤§v` (228 wn)-Gi m~‡Î Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× A‡bK e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|89 GKwU e³e¨ †`Lyb:
‫ﺤدﺜﻨﺎ ﻨﻌﯿم ﺒن ﺤﻤﺎد ﻗﺎل ﺤدﺜﻨﺎ اﻟﻔزاري ﻗﺎل ﻛﻨت ﻋﻨد ﺴﻔﯿﺎن ﻓﻨﻌﻰ اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﻓﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﻤد ﷲ ﻛﺎن ﯿﻨﻘض اﻻﺴﻼم ﻋروة ﻋروة‬
‫ﻤﺎ وﻟد ﻓﻲ اﻻﺴﻼم أﺸﺄم ﻤﻨﻪ‬
ÒAvgv‡ì‡K byAvBg Beb nv¤§v` e‡jb, Avgv‡ì‡K Ave~ BmnvK Beivnxg Beb gynv¤§v` dvhvix e‡jb, Avwg
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mydBqvb mvIixi Kv‡Q wQjvg, GgZve¯’vq byÕgv‡bi g„Zz¨ msev` Avmj| ZLb wZwb e‡jb: Avj-nvg`y wjjvn, †m Bmjvg‡K
aŸsm KiZ, GKwU GKwU K‡i iwk wQbœ K‡i!! Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ Zvi †P‡q AwaK Aïf Avi †KD Rb¥MÖnY K‡i wb|Ó 90
G Kvwnbxi eY©bvKvix byAvBg Beb nv¤§v` mybœv‡Zi c‡¶ Ges weÀv‡Zi wei“‡× AZ¨š— K‡Vvi wQ‡jb| nvbvdx‡ì‡K
wZwb weÀvZx, gyZvwhjx, gyiwRqv, Ges nv`xm we‡ivax wKqvm cš’x ÔAvnjyi ivqÕ e‡j cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| GRb¨ Rvj-RvwjqvwZI
wZwb c‡ivqv Ki‡Zb bv| wKqvm-cš’x‡ì‡K ev nvbvdx‡ì‡K 73 wdiKvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wbK…ó wdiKv e‡j D‡jL K‡i GKwU
nv`xm wZwb eY©bv K‡ib| gynvwÏmMY GKgZ †h nv`xmwU wfwËnxb Rvj| Z‡e A‡bK gynvwÏm Zvi cÖwZ kª×vekZ e‡j‡Qb
†h, wZwb Awb”QvK…Z fyj K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨ A‡b‡K e‡j‡Qb GwU Zvi RvwjqvwZ| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© gynvwÏmMY e‡jb:
‫ﻛﺎن ﯿﻀﻊ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘوﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﺤﻛﺎﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺜﻠب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛذب‬
ÒwZwb mybœvZ‡K kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨ Rvj nv`xm ˆZwi Ki‡Zb Ges Ave~ nvbxdvi wb›`vq Kvwnbx ˆZwi Ki‡Zb hv meB
wg_¨v|Ó 91
byAvB‡gi G eY©bv mZ¨ n‡j Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZv cÖgvY n‡Zv bv, mywdqvb mvIixi `ye©jZv cÖgvb n‡Zv|
Avgv‡ì‡K ej‡Z n‡Zv, mydBqvb mvIix G K_v e‡j cv‡c wjß n‡qwQ‡jb| KviY †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K ÔAïfÕ ejv nv`x‡m
wbwl× nvivg| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i K‡g©i ev g‡Zi `wjjwfwËK mgv‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Avwjg †Zv `~‡ii K_v GKRb
mvaviY cvcx gymwjg‡KI ÒAïfÓ ejv ev Gfv‡e XvjvI Awf‡hvM Kiv êa bq| Z‡e evn¨Z G Kvwnbx mZ¨ bq eis byAvBg
Beb nv¤§v‡ì evbv‡bv| Avjvn Avgv‡ì‡K I c~e©eZ©x Avwjg‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki“b Ges `x‡bi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì wL`gvZ Keyj Ki“b|
ÒAvZ-ZvixL Avj-KvexiÓ MÖ‡š’ Bgvg eyLvix e‡jb:
‫ ﻛﺎن ﻤرﺠﺌﺎ ﺴﻛﺘوا ﻋﻨﻪ وﻋن رأﯿﻪ وﻋن ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ‬... ‫ﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
Òbygvb Beb mvweZ Ave~ nvbxdv K‚dx ... wZwb gyiwRqv wQ‡jb; Zuviv (gynvwÏmMY) Zuvi †_‡K, Zuvi gZ †_‡K Ges Zuvi
nv`xm †_‡K bxie n‡q‡Qb|Ó 92
Ab¨Î Kvwh Ave~ BDm~‡di Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb:
‫ وﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺘرﻛوﻩ‬... ‫ﯿﻌﻘوب ﺒن اﺒراﻫﯿم أﺒو ﯿوﺴف اﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
ÒBqvK‚e Beb Beivnxg Kvhx Ave~ BDm~d ... Zuvi mv_x Ave~ nvbxdv‡K gynvwÏmMY cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb|Ó 93
GLv‡b K‡qKwU welq ch©v‡jvPbv‡hvM¨:
(1) Bgvg eyLvix e‡j‡Qb †h, gynvwÏmMY Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K bxie n‡q‡Qb| Bgvg eyLvixi cwifvlvq Òbxie _vKvÓ-i A_©
gynvwÏmMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuviv Zuv‡K wg_¨vev`x ch©v‡qi e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
(2) Bgvg eyLvixi e³e¨ †_‡K eySv hvq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi GKgvÎ Aciva †h, wZwb gyiwRqv wQ‡jb, †h Kvi‡Y
gynvwÏmMY Zuv‡K, Zuvi wdKnx gZ Ges ÔZuvi ewY©Z nv`xmÕ cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb| gyiwRqv nIqv Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Aciv‡ai
K_v wZwb D‡jL K‡ib wb|
Ave~ nvbxdv gyiwRqv wQ‡jb wKbv Zv Avgiv c‡i Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn| Z‡e gyiwRqv nIqvi Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm
`ye©j ev cwiZ¨v³ nb bv| wbix¶vi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ mZZv I ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wbf©yjZv cÖgvY Kiv gynvwÏ‡mi MÖY‡hvM¨Zvi g~j
wfwË| Bgvg eyLvix Zuvi mnxn MÖ‡š’ A‡bK gyiwRqv, Kv`vwiqv, LvwiRx I Ab¨vb¨ wdiKvi gynvwÏ‡mi nv`xm msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
GLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c~‡e©i I mgmvgwqK Aí K‡qKRb cÖwm× gyiwRqv gynvwÏ‡mi bvg D‡jL KiwQ hv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm
eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
(1) emivi Zvweqx Zvj&K Beb nvexe Avj-Avbvhx (90 wn)|
(2) Kzdvi Zvwe-Zvweqx hvi&i Beb Avãyjvn gyinvex (100 wn)
(3) Kzdvi Zvwe-Zvweqx KvBm Beb gymwjg Avj-Rv`vjx (120wn)
(4) K~dvi Zvweqx Avgi Beb gyi&iv Rvgvjx (128 wn)
(4) Kzdvi Zvweqx Lvwj` Beb mvjvgvn Bebyj Avm Avj-dvÕdvÕ (132 wn)|
(5) nvi&iv‡bi Zvwe-Zvweqx mvwjg Beb AvRjvb Avj-AvdZvm (132 wn)
(6) Kzdvi Zvweqx Avwmg Beb KzjvBe Avj-Rvigx (135 wn)|
(7) Kzdvi Zvwe-Zvweqx Dgvi Beb hyi&i Beb Avãyjvn (153 wn)
G‡ì mK‡jB gyiwRqv wQ‡jb, †KD gyiwRqv‡ì †bZv wQ‡jb, KvD‡K mgKvjxb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb|
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Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm G‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm Ges G‡ì gZ kZkZ gyiwRqv gynvwÏ‡mi nv`xm mnxn
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|94
Bgvg wgh&hxi Zvnhxeyj Kvgvj, nvwdh Beb nvRv‡ii ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe I Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ Aa¨qb Ki‡j Avgiv Giƒc kZkZ
ivexi cwiPq cvB, hviv gyiwRqv wn‡m‡e cÖwm× wQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm GKvi‡Y Zv‡K ÒcwiZ¨vMÓ Ki‡jI mvgwMÖK wePv‡i
eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuv‡ì‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg eyLvixi A‡bK DmZvÌ gyiwRqv e‡j mycÖwm×
wQ‡jb|
(3) Bgvg eyLvixi e³e¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mKj gynvwÏm Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Z cvi‡Zb,
AgyK AgyK gynvwÏm Zuv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb, Zvn‡j Bj‡gi AvgvbZ Av`vq n‡Zv| Ab¨ A‡b‡Ki †¶‡ÎB wZwb Giƒc
e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ Ave~ nvbxdvi †¶‡Î Zv bv e‡j wZwb ej‡jb: gynvwÏmMY Zuv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, ïev,
Bebyj gyevivK, BmivCj Beb BDb~m, BqvnBqv Beb Av`vg, nvmvb Beb mvwjn, BqvnBqv Beb mvqx` Avj-KvËvb, Beb
gvn`x, Ave~ `vD` LyivBex, cÖgyL Rvin-Zv`x‡ji mycÖwm× Bgvg my¯úófv‡e Zuv‡K wek¦¯— e‡j‡Qb| GgbwK Bgvg eyLvixi
DmZv` Beb gvqxb I Bebyj gv`xbx Zv‡K wek¦¯— e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Beb gvqxb e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb GKRb‡KI Ave~
nvbxdv‡K `ye©j ej‡Z ï‡bb wb| Zvn‡j †K Zuv‡K cwiZ¨vM Kij? Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki †KD †KD Zuv‡K `ye©j
e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ Bgvg eyLvixi c~‡e© †KDB Zv‡K cwiZ¨³ e‡jb wb|
G‡_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki ÔAve~ nvbxdv we‡ivaxÕ †h cÖPviYvi K_v Avgiv e‡jwQ, †h cÖPviYvi
Ab¨Zg GK w`Kcvj wQ‡jb Bgvg eyLvixi GK D¯Ív` byAvBg Beb nv¤§v`, †m cÖPviYvq cÖfvweZ n‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwZ
Bgvg eyLvix AZ¨š— weiƒc aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Zb| Zuvi gš—‡e¨ Zuvi g‡bi G Mfxi weiw³ I AvcwËB cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| wbi‡c¶
Ávbe„wËK wePv‡i Bgvg eyLvixi K_v †gv‡UI wVK bq| Ave~ nvbxdv‡K KL‡bvB mKj gynvwÏm cwiZ¨vM K‡ib wb| GgbwK
GKRb cÖwm× mgv‡jvPK gynvwÏmI Zuv‡K ÒcwiZ¨³Ó e‡jb wb| gnvb Avjvn Zuvi `xb I Zuvi bexi () mybœv‡Zi wL`gv‡Z
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Bgvg eyLvixi Ae`vb Keyj Ki“b, Zuv‡ì fyjåvwš— ¶gv Ki“b, Zuv‡ì Dfq‡K D¤§v‡Zi c¶ †_‡K m‡e©vËg
cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Ki“b|
cÖwm× †mŠw` Avwjg Avjx Beb bvBd Avk-kvn&n~` Rvin-Zv`x‡ji wewfbœ cwifvlv Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Bgvg eyLvixi
e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i e‡jb:
‫ "ﺴـﻛﺘوا‬:(‫ إﻻ ﻗـول اﻟﺒﺨـﺎري ﻓـﻲ )أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ اﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺎن ﺒـن ﺜﺎﺒـت اﻹﻤـﺎم اﻟﻔﻘﯿـﻪ‬،‫وﻻ ﯿﻌﺎب اﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﻬم ﻓﯿﻤن ﻗﺎﻟوﻫﺎ ﻓﯿـﻪ‬
‫ وﻤن ﺘﺄ ﱠﻤـل ﻓﺎﺤﺼـﺎً ﻤﻨﺼـﻔﺎً ﻤﺘﺒرﺌـﺎً ﻤـن اﻟﻌﺼـﺒﯿﺔ وﺠـد‬،‫ ﻓﻬذﻩ ﺤﻛﺎﯿﺔ ﻤن اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﻋن أﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث‬."‫ﻋﻨﻪ وﻋن رأﯿﻪ وﻋن ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ‬
: ‫ ﻤن ﺠﻬﺘﯿن‬-‫ ﺒﺈﯿﺠﺎز‬-‫ وذﻟك‬،‫ﻫذا اﻟﻘول ﺨطﺄ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎً أن اﻟﺠـرح‬،‫ ﺒـﯿن ﻤﻌـ ﱢدل وﺠـﺎرح‬،‫ دﻻﻟﺔ اﻻﺴﺘﻘراء ﻋﻠﻰ أن أﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻗد اﺨﺘﻠﻔت ﻋﺒﺎراﺘﻬم ﻓﻲ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬:‫اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
. ‫ وﻓﯿﻬم ﻤن أﺜﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وأطراﻩ ورﻓﻊ ﻤن ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻓﻛﯿف ﺴﻛﺘوا ﻋﻨﻪ‬،‫ﻋﻨد ﻤن ﺠرح ﻟم ﯿﻔﺴر ﺒﺴﺒب ﺤدﯿﺜﻪ‬
‫ وذﻟـك ﺒﺴـﺒب اﻟ ﱢﺸـﻘﺎق اﻟـذي ﻛـﺎن ﺒـﯿن أﻫـل اﻟـرأي وأﻫـل‬،‫ أن ﻋﺒـﺎرات اﻟﺠـﺎرﺤﯿن وﻗـﻊ ﻓﯿﻬـﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ واﻟﺘﱠﻬوﯿـل‬:‫واﻟﺜﺎﻨﯿﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﺒﺄن ﻛﺜﯿ اًر ﻤن ﺘﻠك اﻷﻗﺎوﯿل ﻻ ﺘﺼﺢ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻤن ﻋزﯿت إﻟﯿﻪ‬،‫اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠك اﻟﻔﺘرة‬
،‫ ﻟــم ﯿﻤﻛـن ﻤﻤــﺎ ُﻤ ﱢﻛـن ﻓﯿــﻪ ﻤـن اﻟﻔﻘــﻪ‬،‫ وﻟﻌﻠـﻪ ﻟــو اﺸـﺘﻐل ﺒــﻪ اﺸـﺘﻐﺎل ﻛﺜﯿــر ﻤـن أﻫــل زﻤﺎﻨـﻪ‬،‫وأﺒـو ﺤﻨﯿﻔــﺔ ﺸـﻐﻠﻪ اﻟﻔﻘــﻪ ﻋـن اﻟﺤــدﯿث‬
‫ وﻫ ــﻲ اﻨﺼـ ـراﻓﻪ إﻟ ــﻰ ﻓﻘ ــﻪ اﻟﻨﺼ ــوص دون‬،‫ ﻟ ــﯿس ﺒ ــﺎﻟﻛﺜﯿر ﻋﻠ ــﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿ ــق؛ ﻟﻠﻌﻠ ــﺔ اﻟﺘ ــﻲ ذﻛرﻨ ــﺎ‬،‫ ﻨﻌ ــم‬،‫وﻤ ــﻊ ذﻟ ــك ﻓﺈﻨ ــﻪ ﻗ ــد روى وﺤ ــدث‬
، ‫ وﻛﺜـر ﻤـﺎدﺤوﻩ وﻨـدر ﺠﺎرﺤـﻪ‬، ‫ اﻟﺼـواب أن ﻤـن ﺜﺒﺘـت إﻤﺎﻤﺘـﻪ وﻋداﻟﺘـﻪ‬... : 188/1 ‫ وﻓﻲ طﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺎج اﻟﺴـﺒﻛﻲ‬...‫رواﯿﺘﻬﺎ‬
... ‫وﻛﺎﻨت ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗرﯿﻨﺔ داﻟّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒب ﺠرﺤﻪ ﻤن ﺘﻌﺼب ﻤذﻫﺒﻲ أو ﻏﯿرﻩ ﻟم ﯿﻠﺘﻔت إﻟﻰ ﺠرﺤﻪ‬
Ò(‫ )ﺴﻛﺘوا ﻋﻨﻪ‬ÔZuviv Zvi †_‡K bxie n‡q‡QbÕ-G cwifvlvwU Zviv hv‡ì †¶‡Î eënvi K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì eënvi
AvcwËKi bq| ïay AvcwËKi Bgvg dKxn Ave~ nvbxdv bygvb Beb mvweZ-Gi wel‡q eyLvixi e³e¨: ÔZuviv Zuvi †_‡K, ....
bxie n‡q‡Qb|Õ GLv‡b eyLvix gynvwÏmM‡Yi gZ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| hw` †KD we‡Øl ev c¶cvwZZ¡ †_‡K gy³ n‡q Bbmv‡di
mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡ib Z‡e wZwb wbwðZ n‡eb †h, G K_vwU fyj| ms‡¶‡c `y Kvi‡Y G K_vwU fyj:
cÖ_gZ: gynvwÏmM‡Yi gZ GKÎ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, Zuvi wel‡q Zuv‡ì gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †KD Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨
e‡j‡Qb, †KD Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| Z‡e j¶Yxq †h, hviv Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zuviv Zuvi nv`x‡mi Î“wU e¨vL¨v K‡i `ye©j
e‡jb wb; Zvn‡j Zuviv bxie _vK‡jb wKfv‡e? Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb, ¸YKxZ©b K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi D”P
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gh©v`vi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb|

wØZxqZ: hviv Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zuv‡ì e³‡e¨ A‡bK evovevwo I AwZK_b i‡q‡Q| Gi KviY ÔAvnjyi ivqÕ ev
dKxnMY I ÔAvnjyj nv`xmÕ ev gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ †m hy‡M we`¨gvb gZ‡f` I wefw³| m‡e©vcwi G mKj e³‡eï
AwaKvskB mb` wePv‡i mnxn bq|
Ave~ nvbxdv nv`x‡mi †P‡q wdKn wel‡q †ewk gvk¸j †_‡K‡Qb| wZwb hw` Zuvi hy‡Mi gynvwÏm‡ì gZ nv`xm wb‡q
e¨¯— _vK‡Zb Zvn‡j wZwb wdK‡n †h cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zv nqZ AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb nv`xm
msMÖn I eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e M‡elYv cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm †ewk bq| Gi KviY Avgiv hv e‡jwQ; A_©vr wZwb
nv`xm eY©bv I wk¶v`v‡bi cwie‡Z© nv`x‡mi wdKnx wb‡`©kbv Abyaveb I wk¶v`v‡b cwic~Y© g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib|..... (mycÖwm×
kvwdqx dKxn I gynvwÏm) ZvRyÏxb myeKx (727-771 wn) Zuvi ÔZvevKvZzk kvwdqxq¨vn 1/188 c„ôvq e‡jb: Ò... mwVK K_v n‡jv,
hvi BgvgZ I wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, hvi cÖksmvKvixi msL¨v †ewk, wKš‘ Lye Kg e¨w³B Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb, cvwicvwk©K
Ae¯’v †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h, hviv Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zvuiv gvhnvex ev gZ‡f`MZ c¶cv‡Zi Kvi‡Y `ye©j e‡j‡Qb, Zvn‡j Zuvi
`ye©jZvi wel‡q Kw_Z G mKj e³e¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|....Ó 95
11. 5. Bgvg bvmvqx Avng` Beb ïAvBe (215-303 wn)
mg‡qi AveZ©‡b Ave~ nvbxdv we‡ivax cÖPviYv evo‡Z _v‡K| d‡j cieZ©x hy‡Mi gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
wel‡q weiƒc aviYv cÖmvi †c‡Z _v‡K Ges A‡b‡KB Zuvi wel‡q weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b cÖwm× K‡qKR‡bi e³e¨ D×„Z
KiwQ| Bgvg bvmvqx (ivn) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)ÑGi wel‡q e‡jb:
‫ﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
96
Òbygvb Beb mvweZ Ave~ nvbxdv nv`x‡m kw³kvjx bb|Ó
Z…Zxq kZ‡K gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb ÔAve~ nvbxdv we‡ivax cÖPviYvÕ cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Bgvg bvmvqxi G e³e¨ Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi c‡¶ Zuvi wm×všÍ| Bgvg bvmvqxi cwifvlvi mv‡_ cwiwPZiv Rv‡bb †h, (kw³kvjx bb) ej‡Z wZwb eySvb
†h, m‡e©v”P ch©v‡qi nvwd‡h nv`xm bb, wKQz fyj nq| Avi `ye©j eySv‡Z wZwb ÔhqxdÕ ev Ô`ye©jÕ cwifvlv eënvi K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨
wiRvj MÖš’mg~‡n Avgiv †`wL †h, kZ kZ ivex‡K Bgvg bvmvqx (kw³kvjx bb) e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg
gymwjg, Bgvg bvmvqx wb‡R I Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwÏm Zuv‡ì nv`xm mnxn wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøL¨ †h, Bgvg bvmvqx Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdvi nv`xm Zuvi mybvb MÖ‡š’ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avi wZwb Zuvi mybvb MÖ‡š’ ivexM‡Yi wel‡q eyLvix-gymwjg mgch©v‡qi ev
KvQvKvwQ KovKwo Ki‡Zb e‡j cÖwm×|97
11. 6. Bgvg Beb wneŸvb gynv¤§v` Avj-eymZx (354 wn)
Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb ÔAve~ nvbxdvÕ we‡ivax cÖPviYv Av‡iv e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i PZz_© kZ‡K| Avgiv
†`wL †h, G kZK †_‡K gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvhnvex ZvKjx` cÖmvi jvf K‡i Ges AwaKvsk gynvwÏmB kvwdqx gvhnve AbymiY
Ki‡Zb| ZrKvjxb cwi‡e‡k gvhnvex †Kv›`j Øviv Zuviv Kg‡ewk cÖfvweZ n‡Z jvM‡jb| Gi cÖfve Avgiv Zuv‡ì e³‡eï g‡a¨
†`L‡Z cvB| Gi eo D`vniY Beb wneŸvb (ivn)| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q e‡jb:
‫ ﺤدث ﺒﻤﺎﺌﺔ وﺜﻼﺜﯿن ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻨﯿد ﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺤدﯿث ﻓﻲ اﻟدﻨﯿﺎ‬،‫وﻛﺎن رﺠﻼ ﺠدﻻ ظﺎﻫر اﻟورع ﻟم ﯿﻛن اﻟﺤدﯿث ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ إﻤﺎ أن ﯿﻛون أﻗﻠب إﺴﻨﺎدﻩ أو ﻏﯿر ﻤﺘﻨﻪ ﻤن ﺤﯿث ﻻ ﯿﻌﻠم ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻏﻠب ﺨطؤﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻏﯿرﻫﺎ أﺨطﺄ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺌﺔ وﻋﺸرﯿن ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ‬
.‫ﺼواﺒﻪ اﺴﺘﺤق ﺘرك اﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎج ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺨﺒﺎر‬
ÒwZwb GKRb SMov‡U-ZvwK©K †jvK wQ‡jb, evwn¨K ci‡nhMvi wQ‡jb| nv`xm Zuvi we`¨vi g‡a¨ wQj bv| wZwb †gvU
130wU mb`mn nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| `ywbqvq Zuvi ewY©Z Avi †Kv‡bv nv`xm †bB| G¸wji g‡a¨ 120wU nv`x‡m wZwb fyj
K‡i‡Qb| bv †R‡b nq mb` D‡ë w`‡q‡Qb A_ev gZb cv‡ë w`‡q‡Qb| Gfv‡e wbf©yj eY©bvi †P‡q fyj eY©bvi Avwa‡Kï
Kvi‡Y wZwb nv`xm eY©bvq cwiZ¨³ e‡j MY¨ nb|Ó 98
D‡jL¨ †h, ZrKvjxb nvbvdx‡ì mv‡_ kvwdqx dKxn Bgvg Beb wneŸv‡bi AZ¨š— KwVb kÎ“Zv wQj| nvbvdxMY msL¨vMwiô
nIqv‡Z Zv‡ì AZ¨vPviI †ewk wQj| d‡j wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× AZ¨š— †bvsivfv‡e we‡lv˜Mvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zuvi
wei“‡× eo eo eB wj‡L‡Qb Ges ÒgvRiƒnxbÓ MÖ‡š’i me‡P‡q eo Aby‡”Q`wU wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Kj¼ eY©bvi Rb¨ wba©viY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wb‡R †h mKj ivex‡K RvwjqvZ e‡j‡Qb, G Aby‡”Q‡` Zv‡ì eY©bv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm hLb Ab¨
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gynvwÏ‡mi ÔRvinÕ ev Î“wU eY©bv K‡ib Ges cvwicvwk©K cÖgvY †_‡K eySv hvq †h, Zv AvKx`v ev gvhnvex †¶vfRwoZ,
Zvn‡j †m ÔRvinÕ evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| G wel‡q cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn Bgvg myeKxi e³e¨ Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© †`‡LwQ| m‡e©vcwi,
Bgvg Beb wneŸvb (ivn)-Gi wel‡q Bjgyj nv`x‡mi mv‡_ cwiwPZ mK‡jB Rv‡bb †h Zuvi e³e¨, mgv‡jvPbv ev ÒRvinÕ
mvaviYfv‡e KwVb hvPvB Qvov M„nxZ nq bv| Bgvg hvnvex cÖvqB Beb wneŸv‡bi evovevwoi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| GK¯’v‡b wZwb
e‡jb:
‫)ﺠ َرَح( اﻟﺜﻘﺔَ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻛﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﯿدري ﻤﺎ ﯿﺨرج ﻤن رأﺴﻪ‬
َ ‫ب‬َ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫اﺒن ﺤﺒﺎن رﺒﻤﺎ َﻗ‬
ÒBeb wneŸvb cÖvqB wbf©i‡hvM¨‡K `ye©j e‡jb; GgbwK g‡b nq, Zuvi gv_v †_‡K wK †ei n‡”Q Zv wZwb wb‡RB ey‡Sb
bv|Ó 99
11. 7. Bgvg Beb Av`x (277-365wn)
G hy‡Mi Ab¨ cÖwm× gynvwÏm I kvwdqx dKxn Bgvg Ave~ Avng` Avãyjøvn Beb Av`x (ivn)| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
(ivn)-Gi wel‡q wZwb e‡jb:
،‫ وﺘﺼــﺎﺤﯿف ﻓــﻲ اﻟرﺠــﺎل‬،‫ وﻋﺎﻤــﺔ ﻤــﺎ ﯿروﯿــﻪ ﻏﻠــط وﺘﺼــﺎﺤﯿف وزﯿــﺎدات ﻓــﻲ أﺴــﺎﻨﯿدﻫﺎ وﻤﺘوﻨﻬــﺎ‬،‫وأﺒــو ﺤﻨﯿﻔــﺔ ﻟــﻪ أﺤﺎدﯿــث ﺼــﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬
‫ وﻗد روى ﻤن اﻟﺤـدﯿث ﻟﻌﻠـﻪ أرﺠـﺢ ﻤـن ﺜﻼﺜﻤﺎﺌـﺔ ﺤـدﯿث‬،ً‫ وﻟم ﯿﺼﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻤﺎ ﯿروﯿﻪ إﻻ ﺒﻀﻌﺔ ﻋﺸر ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ‬،‫وﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﯿروﯿﻪ ﻛذﻟك‬
.‫ وﻻ ﯿﺤﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن ﺘﻛون ﻫذﻩ ﺼورﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬،‫ وﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺼورة؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻟﯿس ﻫو ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث‬،‫ﻤن ﻤﺸﺎﻫﯿر وﻏراﺌب‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv wKQz MÖnY‡hvM¨ nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zuvi ewY©Z AwaKvsk nv`xmB fyj, weK…wZ, mb` ev gZ‡b
ms‡hvRb, ivexi bv‡gi cwieZ©b| Zuvi AwaKvsk nv`xmB Giƒc| Zuvi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ 15-20wU nv`xm mnxnfv‡e
ewY©Z| m¤¢eZ wZwb cwiwPZ I AcwiwPZ me wgwj‡q me©‡gvU wZbk‡Zi gZ nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| me¸‡jviB G Ae¯’v;
KviY wZwb gynvwÏm wQ‡jb bv| Avi nv`xm eY©bvq hvi G Ae¯’v Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|Ó 100
cvVK †`L‡Qb †h, `yR‡bi cÖ`Ë Z‡_ï g‡a¨ †eRvq dvivK| GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h, Beb Av`x mvaviYfv‡e mywe‡ePK e‡j
MY¨ Ges Zuvi g‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv nq| wKš‘ wZwb wK GLv‡b mywe‡ePbvi mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb? cÖwm× †mŠw` gynvwÏm I Rvin-Zv`xj
we‡klÁ Avjx Beb bvBd Avk-kvn&n~` Bgvg Beb Av`xi gvhnvex c¶cvZ`yó I gvhnvex we‡Ølg~jK e³e¨¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv cÖm‡½
e‡jb:
‫ ﻗﺎل‬،‫ ﻫذا اﻟﻛﻼم ﻏﯿر ﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬:‫ أﻗول‬... ‫ وأﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ أﺤﺎدﯿث ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬...‫أو ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘرﺠﻤﺔ اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ‬
‫ ﻛﺒﯿر‬،‫ ﻤﺘﻌﺒدا‬،ً‫ وﻛﺎن إﻤﺎﻤﺎً ورﻋﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎً ﻋﺎﻤﻼ‬... ‫ ﻓﻘﯿﻪ اﻟﻌراق‬، ‫ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ اﻹﻤﺎم اﻷﻋظم‬:168/1 ‫اﻹﻤﺎم اﻟذﻫﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘذﻛرة اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬
‫ ﻋن‬... ‫ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﯿﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬:‫ وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬،‫ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس‬:‫ ﻻ ﯿﻘﺒل ﺠواﺌز اﻟﺴﻠطﺎن ﻗﺎل اﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك‬،‫اﻟﺸﺄن‬
‫ﻓﺴرﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺤق‬ّ ‫ ﻗد ﻋرﻓﻨﺎك أن اﻟﺠﺎرح ﻻ ﯿﻘﺒل ﻓﯿﻪ اﻟﺠرح ٕوان‬:190/1 ‫ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺴﺒﻛﻲ ﻓﻲ طﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﯿﺔ‬... ‫ ﻻ ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ‬:‫اﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن ﻗﺎل‬
‫ إذا ﻛﺎﻨت ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗرﯿﻨﺔ ﺘﺸﻬد ﺒﺄن ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺤﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوﻗﯿﻌﺔ‬،‫وﻤزﻛوﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺎرﺤﯿﻪ‬
ّ ‫ذاﻤﯿﻪ‬
ّ ‫ وﻤﺎدﺤوﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻤن ﻏﻠﺒت طﺎﻋﺎﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺼﯿﺘﻪ‬
‫ واﺒن ﻤﻌﯿن‬،‫ واﺒن أﺒﻲ ذﺌب وﻏﯿرﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻟك‬،‫ﻓﯿﻪ ﻤن ﺘﻌﺼب ﻤذﻫﺒﻲ أو ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ دﻨﯿوﯿﺔ وﺤﯿﻨﺌذ ﻓﻼ ﯿﻠﺘﻔت ﻟﻛﻼم اﻟﺜوري ﻓﻲ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ وﺘرﺠﻤﻪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓظ‬...‫ وﻫﻠك ﻓﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﻟﻛون‬،‫ إذ ﻤﺎ ﻤن إﻤﺎم إﻻ وﻗد طﻌن ﻓﯿﻪ طﺎﻋﻨون‬... ‫ واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺼﺎﻟﺢ وﻨﺤوﻩ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ وﻫذا ﻫو اﻟﺤق‬... ‫ ﺒل أﺜﺒت ﻋداﻟﺘﻪ وﺜﻘﺘﻪ‬، ‫اﺒن ﺤﺠر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻬذﯿب ﺘرﺠﻤﺔ ﻤطوﻟﺔ وﻟم ﯿذﻛر رواﯿﺔ واﺤدة ﺘطﻌن ﻓﻲ رواﯿﺘﻪ وﻋداﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫واﻟﻤذﻫب اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ ﻤﻤﻠوء ﺒﺂﻻف اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﻤﺴﺘدل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺒواب وﻫذا ﯿرد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻤن ﯿطﻌن ﻓﻲ ﻤذﻫب اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ‬
.‫اﷲ وﻛل ﺠرح ﻻ ﯿﺴﺘﻨد إﻟﻰ أﺴس ﻤوﻀوﻋﯿﺔ ﺴﻠﯿﻤﺔ ﻤرﻓوض ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺎﺌﻠﻪ إذ ﻻﯿﻌﺼم ﻋن اﻟﺨطﺄ إﻻ اﻷﻨﺒﯿﺎء‬
ÒBeb Av`xi c¶cvZ`~ó gš—‡eï Av‡iKwU D`vniY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvûi wel‡q Zuvi gš—e¨| wZwb e‡jb: ÒAve~
nvbxdv wKQz MÖnY‡hvM¨ nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zuvi ewY©Z AwaKvsk nv`xmB fyj... MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|Ó Avwg eje †h, G K_vwU
mwVK bq| Bgvg hvnvex ZvhwKivZzj ûdvh MÖ‡š’i 1/168 c„ôvq e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdv Bgvg Avhg, Biv‡Ki dKxn... wZwb wQ‡jb
Bgvg, AZ¨š— ci‡nhMvi, Avwjg, AvgjKvix, Avwe`, eo gh©v`vi AwaKvix| wZwb kvmK‡ì †Kv‡bv nv`xqv MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv|
Bebyj gyevivK e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdv gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ me©‡kªô dKxn| kvwdqx e‡jb: wdK‡ni wel‡q gvbyl Ave~ nvbxdvi Dci
wbf©ikxj| ... BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb e‡jb: Zuvi wel‡q AvcwË †bB| myeKx ÔZvevKvZzk kvwdwqq¨vn MÖ‡š’ 1/190 c„ôvq e‡jb:
Avgiv Avcbv‡K e‡jwQ †h, Rvin-Zv`xj we‡klÁ mgv‡jvPK hw` we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v I KviY D‡jL K‡iI Kv‡iv Î“wU eY©bv K‡ib
Zvn‡jI Zvi Î“wU eY©bv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, hw` D³ gynvwÏm ZvKIqv I mZZvq cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib Ges Zvi wb›`vKvixi †P‡q
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cÖksmvKvix Ges Aeg~j¨vqbKvixi †P‡q g~j¨vqbKvixi msL¨v †ewk nq, hw` Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K eySv hvq †h, mgv‡jvPK Î“wU eY©bvi
†¶‡Î gvhnvex †Kv›`j, ev RvMwZK †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| Avi GRb¨B Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q mydBqvb
mvIixi e³e¨, gvwj‡Ki wel‡q Beb Avex whe I Ab¨vb¨‡ì e³e¨, kvwdqxi wel‡q Beb gvqx‡bi e³e¨, bvmvqxi wel‡q Avng`
Beb mvwj‡ni e³e¨ Ges Abyiƒc mgv‡jvPbv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| ... KviY Ggb †Kv‡bv Bgvg ev cÖwm× e¨w³Z¡ †bB hvi wel‡q Ab¨
wKQz †jvK Lvivc gš—e¨ K‡ib wb ev aŸsmvZ¥K K_v e‡jb wb|Õ ... Beb nvRvi ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q
my`xN© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †mLv‡b Zuvi Î“wU eY©bvg~jK GKwU eY©bvI msKjb K‡ib wb; eis Zuvi wek¦¯—Zv I wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv
cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| ... Avi GwUB n‡jv n° ev mZ¨| nvbvdx gvhnve nvRvi nvRvi nv`xm Øviv c~Y© †h¸wj Øviv Zuviv Zuv‡ì wdKnx
Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z cÖgvY †ck K‡i‡Qb| hviv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvn-Gi gvhnv‡ei wb›`v-g›` e‡jb Zv‡ì mK‡ji e³e¨B G
welqwU LÊb I evwZj K‡i †`q| Avi †h mgv‡jvPbv e¯‘wbô myô I wbi‡c¶ cÖgv‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj bq †m mgv‡jvPbv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ,
Giƒc mgv‡jvPK hZ eo gh©v`vi AwaKvixB †nvb bv †Kb| KviY bexMY Qvov †KDB fyj †_‡K gvm~g ev msiw¶Z bb|Ó 101
Avwg Beb Av`xi G MÖš’wUi Dc‡i GKwU Aviex cÖeÜ wj‡LwQjvg, hv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq M‡elYv Rvb©v‡ji 2001 mv‡ji
Ryb msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| Avwg †`‡LwQ †h, Beb Av`x mvaviYfv‡e wbi‡c¶ n‡jI gvhnvex †Kv›`‡j LyeB cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb|
Bgvg kvwdqxi NwbôZg D¯—v` Beivnxg Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avex BqvnBqvi (184 wn) Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Avgiv †`wL †h, wZwb
GKRb gyZvwhjx, kxqv, ivwdhx, Kv`vix I Rvngx wQ‡jb| mKj gynvwÏm Zv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Ges gvwjK Beb Avbvm, BqvnBqv
Avj-KvËvb, Beb gvqxb, Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx I Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvsk gynvwÏm Zv‡K wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ Bgvg Beb Av`x wewfbœ
ARynv‡Z Zv‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j cÖgv‡Yi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| 102
c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Zuvi eskai I Abymvix‡ì wel‡q Zvi Av‡µvk LyeB ¯úó|103 GLv‡b ïay Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
cÖm½wU mvgvb¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kie|
Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, gynvwÏ‡mi g~j¨vq‡b gynvwÏmMY Av`vj‡Zi mv¶¨-cÖgvY hvPvB‡qi c×wZ AbymiY K‡ib| GLv‡b g~j
welq gynvwÏm ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK wbix¶v| GKRb gynvwÏm ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏ‡mi eY©bvi mv‡_ Zzjbv
Kivi gva¨‡g gynvwÏ‡mi wbf©yj nv`xm eY©bv kw³ wba©viY Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏ‡mi gZ I D³ gynvwÏ‡mi QvÎM‡Yi
gvb j¶¨ ivLv nq| cÖ‡Z¨K gynvwÏmB wKQz fyj K‡ib| hw` Zzjbvq †`Lv hvq †h, GKRb gynvwÏm AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨
wbf©i‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm‡ì eY©bvi e¨w³µg K‡ib Z‡e cÖgvwYZ nq †h, wZwb nv`xm eY©bvq `ye©j| Giƒc `ye©jZvi cwigvY,
AbycvZ I MfxiZvi wfwË‡Z gynvwÏ‡mi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I `ye©jZv wba©vwiZ nq|
G g~jbxwZi wfwË‡ZB Beb Av`x Zuvi ÒAvj-KvwgjÓ MÖ‡š’ ivexM‡Yi `ye©jZv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `ye©j ivexi ewY©Z
wKQz `ye©j nv`xm D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZv cÖgvY Ki‡Z wZwb Zuvi ewY©Z QqwU nv`xm D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| Beb
Av`xi `vwe Abyhvqx Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ewY©Z 300 nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ 280wU fyj| evn¨Z G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q KwVb I wbwðZ
fyj G QqwU nv`x‡m we`¨gvb; GRb¨B Zuvi `ye©jZv cÖgv‡Y wZwb G¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv G QqwU nv`xm Av‡jvPbv
Kie|
(K) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z cÖ_g nv`xm
‫ أﻨـﻪ ﻗـﺎل ﻤــن‬ ‫ﻋـن أﺒـﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ ﻋــن ﻤوﺴـﻰ ﺒـن أﺒـﻰ ﻋﺎﺌﺸــﺔ ﻋـن ﻋﺒـد اﷲ ﺒـن ﺸــداد ﺒـن اﻟﻬـﺎد ﻋـن ﺠــﺎﺒر ﺒـن ﻋﺒـد اﷲ ﻋـن رﺴــول اﷲ‬
‫ﺼﻠﻰ ﺨﻠف اﻤﺎم ﻛﺎن ﻗرآﻨﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻗراءة‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv †_‡K, wZwb g~mv Beb Avex Avwqkv †_‡K, wZwb Avãyjvn Beb kvÏv` Bebyj nv` †_‡K, wZwb Rvwei
Beb Avãyjvn (iv) †_‡K, wZwb ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb: hw` †KD Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Zvn‡j
Bgv‡gi KziAvb wZjvIqvZB Zvi wKivAvZ|
Beb Av`x e‡jb, G nv`xmwU cÖwm× gynvwÏmMY G mb‡` Zvweqx Avãyjvn Beb kvÏv` †_‡K ÒgyimvjÓ wn‡m‡e eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb, A_©vr Zvweqx e‡j‡Qb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡j‡Qb| gv‡S mvnvex Rvwe‡ii (iv) bvg e‡jb wb| ïay Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
mvnvexi bvg e‡j‡Qb| mKj wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexi wecix‡Z Gfv‡e mb‡ì g‡a¨ mvnvexi bvg e„w× Kiv cÖgvY K‡i †h, wZwb nv`xm
mwVKfv‡e gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Dciš‘ Beb Av`x c‡iv¶fv‡e RvwjqvwZi Awf‡hvM K‡i e‡jb:
‫ وواﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﺤﺴن ﺒن ﻋﻤﺎرة‬...‫زاد أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺴﻨﺎدﻩ ﺠﺎﺒر ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﷲ ﻟﯿﺤﺘﺞ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ إﺴﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﻤد ﻋن اﻟﻤﺄﻤوﻤﯿن‬
‫وﻫو أﻀﻌف ﻤﻨﻪ‬
Ave~ nvbxdv mb‡ì g‡a¨ Rvwei Beb Avãyjvn‡K ms‡hvRb Ki‡jb; †hb GØviv wZwb gy³vw`‡ì Rb¨ dvwZnv cvV ev`
w`‡Z cv‡ib| .... (mgmvgwqK Av‡iK cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx dKxn, evM`v‡ì Kvhx I nv`xm eY©bvq AZ¨š— `ye©j) nvmvb Beb
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Dgvivn (153 wn) ZuviB gZ Rvwe‡ii (iv) bvg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, wZwb †Zv Av‡iv ‡ewk `ye©j|Ó 104
GLv‡b K‡qKwU welq j¶Yxq:
(1) gy³v`xi Rb¨ m~iv dvwZnv cvV ev` w`‡Z wK Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi nv`x‡mi mb‡` e„w×i †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb wQj? nv`xm I
wdK‡n hvi b~¨bZg Ávb Av‡Q wZwb Rv‡bb †h, gyimvj nv`xm, we‡klZ Avãyjvn Beb kvÏv` (g„Zz¨ 80 wn)-Gi gZ cÖ_g hy‡Mi
cÖwm× Zvweqxi gyimvj nv`xm mKj dKx‡ni wbKU `jxj wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi hy‡M welqwU cÖwm× I HKg‡Zï
welq wQj|
(2) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg KL‡bvB mKj gvmAvjv nv`xm †_‡K MÖnY K‡ib wb| nv`x‡mi cvkvcvwk mvnvex
I ZvweqxM‡Yi Kg© I dvZIqvi Dci Zuviv wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| gy³v`xi m~iv dvwZnv cvV bv Kivi wel‡qI Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv c~e©eZ©x
K‡qKRb mvnvex-Zvweqxi g‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB GRb¨ gyimvj nv`xm‡K gyËvwmj evbv‡bvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb Zuvi wQj
bv|
(3) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi K‡qKRb QvÎ nv`xmwUi mb‡` Rvwe‡ii (iv) bvg e‡j‡Qb, c¶vš—‡i Bebyj gyevivK nv`xmwU
Zuvi m~‡ÎB gyimvj wn‡m‡eB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z eySv hvq wZwbI nv`xmwU gyimvj eY©bv Ki‡Zb| 105 gyËvwmj eY©bvi †`vlwU
Zuv‡K bv w`‡q Zuvi QvÎ‡ì †Ìqv †hZ| wKš‘ Beb Av`x Zuv‡K †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡Z AZ¨š— e¨¯— wQ‡jb|
(4) m‡e©vcwi nv`xmwU Av‡iv K‡qKRb gynvwÏm mvnvexi bvg-mn eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨‡ì D¯—v`,
3q kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm Bgvg Avng` Beb gvbx (244 wn) Zuvi gymbv` MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫ َﻤ ْـن‬: ‫ ﻗَـﺎ َل َر ُﺴـو ُل اﷲ‬:‫وﺴﻰ ْﺒ ِن أَﺒِﻲ َﻋﺎﺌِ َﺸﺔَ َﻋ ْن َﻋ ْﺒ ِد اﷲ ْﺒ ِـن َﺸـ ﱠد ٍاد َﻋ ْـن َﺠـﺎﺒِ ٍر ﻗَـﺎ َل‬ ُ ‫ق َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ ُﺴ ْﻔَﯿ‬
ٌ ‫ﺎن َو َﺸ ِرْﯿ‬
َ ‫ك َﻋ ْن ُﻤ‬ ُ ‫أ َْﻨَﺒﺄََﻨﺎ إِ ْﺴ َﺤ‬
ُ ‫ﺎق اﻷ َْزَر‬
.ٌ‫اءة‬ ِ ِ ِ ُ‫َﻛﺎن ﻟَﻪ إِﻤﺎم ﻓَِﻘراءة‬
َ ‫اﻹ َﻤﺎم ﻟَﻪُ ﻗ َر‬ َ َ ٌَ ُ َ
ÒAvgv‡ì‡K BmnvK Avj-AvhivK e‡jb, Avgv‡ì‡K mydBqvb I kvixK e‡jb, Zuviv g~mv Beb Avex Avwqkv †_‡K,
wZwb Avãyjvn Beb kvÏv` †_‡K, wZwb Rvwei †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb: hw` Kv‡iv Bgvg _v‡K Z‡e Bgv‡gi
wKivAvZB Zvi wKivAvZ|Ó
BmnvK Beb BDm~d Avj-AvhivK (195 wn) eyLvix-gymwjg ¯^xK…Z cÖwm× gynvwÏm, wZwb nv`xmwU mydBqvb I kvix‡Ki m~‡Î
Bgvg Rvwe‡ii (iv) bvg-mn eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvn‡j Ave~ nvbxdv QvovI mydBqvb mvIix I kvixK G eY©bvq nv`xmwU gyËvwmj eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Bgvg e~mxix e‡jb, nv`xmwUi mb` eyLvix-gymwj‡gi kZ©vbymv‡i mnxn106| GQvov gynvwÏmMY nv`xmwU nvmvb Beb
mvwjn †_‡K jvBm Beb Avex myjvBg I Rvwei Avj-Rydx †_‡K Aveyh hyevBi †_‡K Rvwei †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Rvwei Avj-Rydx
LyeB `ye©j ivex, Z‡e jvBm Beb Avex myjvBg wKQzUv `ye©j n‡jI Zuvi nv`xm Bgvg gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 107
Beb Avex kvBev nv`xmwU mnxn mb‡` Rvwei Avj-Rydxi gva¨g QvovB mivmwi nvmvb Beb mvwjn †_‡K Aveyh hyevBi †_‡K Rvwei
(iv) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|108
(L) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z wØZxq nv`xm
،‫ وﺘﺤرﯿﻤﻬــﺎ اﻟﺘﻛﺒﯿــر‬،‫ "ﻤﻔﺘــﺎح اﻟﺼــﻼة اﻟطﻬــور‬:‫ ﻗــﺎل‬ ‫ﻋــن أﺒــﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔــﺔ ﻋــن أﺒــﻲ ﺴــﻔﯿﺎن ﻋــن أﺒــﻲ ﻨﻀـرة ﻋــن أﺒــﻲ ﺴــﻌﯿد ﻋــن اﻟﻨﺒــﻲ‬
،"‫ وﻻ ﺘﺠزئ ﺼﻼة إﻻ ﺒﻔﺎﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻛﺘﺎب وﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺸﻲء‬،..‫ وﻓﻲ ﻛل رﻛﻌﺘﯿن ﺘﺴﻠﯿم‬،‫وﺘﺤﻠﯿﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿم‬
Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K, wZwb Ave~ mydBqvb †_‡K wZwb Ave~ bvìvn †_‡K wZwb Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) †_‡K, ivm~jyjvn ()
e‡jb: ÔcweÎZv mvjv‡Zi Pvwe, ZvKexi Zvi Zvnixg-ïi“, mvjvg Zvi Zvnjxj-‡kl, cÖwZ `y ivKv‡Z mvjvg, m~iv dvwZnv I Zvi
mv‡_ wKQz (KziAvb wZjvIqvZ) Qvov mvjvZ êa n‡e bv|Ó
Beb Av`x e‡jb:
....‫ "وﻓﻲ ﻛل رﻛﻌﺘﯿن ﺘﺴﻠﯿم‬:‫زاد أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻟﻤﺘن‬
ÔcÖwZ `y ivKv‡Z mvjvgÕ G K_vwU Ave~ nvbxdv evwo‡q‡Qb| A_©vr †h mKj wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex nv`xmwU G mb‡` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
Zuv‡ì eY©bvq G evK¨wU †bB; ïay Ave~ nvbxdv G K_vwU evwo‡q‡Qb; G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq †h, wZwb nv`x‡mi mb` ev gZb wVKgZ
gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv, A‡bK wKQz †ewk Kg K‡i †dj‡Zb|109
GLv‡bI Beb Av`x fyj Z_¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv QvovI Ab¨vb¨ ivex nv`xmwUi g‡a¨ G evK¨wU D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~ Bqvjv gvDwmjx Avjx Beb gymwni †_‡K Ave~ mydBqvb †_‡K G mb‡` G evK¨mn nv`xmwU msKjb
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K‡i‡Qb| 110 Avjx Beb gymwni eyLvix-gymwjg ¯^xK…Z cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex| 111 G‡Z cÖgvY nq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv nv`xmwU
Lye fvjfv‡eB gyL¯’ †i‡LwQ‡jb|
Bgvg evBnvKx e‡jb:
‫ َو َﻛ َذﻟِ َك َرَواﻩُ َﻋﻠِ ﱡﻰ ْﺒ ُن‬.‫ َﯿ ْﻌﻨِﻰ اﻟﺘﱠ َﺸﻬﱡ َد‬: ‫ﺎل‬
َ َ‫ﯿم؟ ﻗ‬ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِ
ٌ ‫ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ ُﻛل َرْﻛ َﻌﺘَْﯿ ِن ﺘَ ْﺴﻠ‬: ‫ت ﻷَﺒِﻰ َﺤﻨﯿﻔَ َﺔ‬
ُ ‫اﻟر ْﺤ َﻤ ِن ﻓَُﻘْﻠ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎل أَُﺒو َﻋْﺒ ِد‬ َ َ‫ﻗ‬
.‫ﺎن‬َ ‫أَﺒِﻰ ُﺴ ْﻔَﯿ‬ ‫ُﻤ ْﺴ ِﻬ ٍر َو َﻏ ْﯿ ُرﻩُ َﻋ ْن‬
Ò(Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K nv`xmwUi eY©bvKvix) Ave~ Avãyi ivngvb e‡jb: Avwg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cÖkœ Kijvg: ÔcÖ‡Z¨K
`y ivKv‡Z mvjvgÕ- G K_vi A_© Kx? wZwb ej‡jb: Zvkvn&n~` cvV| evBnvKx e‡jb: Avjx Beb gymwni I Ab¨vb¨ ivexI
nv`xmwU Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| 112
(M) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z Z…Zxq nv`xm
‫ "إن أﺤﺴن ﻤﺎ ﻏﯿرﺘم‬: ‫ ﻋن اﺒن ﺒرﯿدة ﻋن أﺒﻲ اﻷﺴود اﻟدﺌﻠﻲ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ذر ﻋن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬،‫ ﺜﻨﺎ أﺒو ﺤﺠﯿﺔ‬:‫ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻪ اﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﺤﻨﺎء واﻟﻛﺘم‬
Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb: Avgv‡ì‡K Ave~ ûRvBqvn e‡jb, wZwb Beb eyivB`v †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj AvmIqv` `ywqjx
†_‡K, wZwb Ave~ hvi wMdvix (iv) †_‡K, wZwb ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb: †Zvgv‡ì P~j (Pz‡ji ïåZv) cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ hv
eënvi Ki Zb¥‡a¨ me‡P‡q DËg n‡jv †gw›` Ges KvZg|Ó
Beb Av`x e‡jb: ÒG nv`xmwU Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K †KD †KD Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| gyAvdx Zuvi †_‡K nv`xmwU eY©bv K‡i
e‡jb: Ave~ nvbxdv GKe¨w³ †_‡K... wZwb Ave~ eyivB`v †_‡K wZwb Aveyj AvmIqv` †_‡K...| nvmvb Beb whqv`, gv°x I Beb
evhx nv`xmwU wb¤œiƒc eY©bv K‡i‡Qb: Ave~ nvbxdv Ave~ ûw¾qv †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj AvmIqv` †_‡K ..., G mb‡` Beb eyivB`vi K_v
D‡jøL K‡ib wb| Gfv‡e G mb`wU Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K wewfbœiƒ‡c ewY©Z|Ó 113
GLv‡b Beb Av`x cÖgvY Ki‡Qb †h, G nv`xmwUi mb` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wVKgZ gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb| †h Kvi‡Y G‡KK
QvÎ‡K G‡KKfv‡e e‡j‡Qb|
†Kv‡bv nv`xm wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœfv‡e eY©bv Kiv ivexi `ye©jZv cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e Giƒc wfbœZvi Rb¨ wkÿK ev QvÎ
`vqx n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov cÖ‡Z¨K wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexB Giƒc e¨wZµ‡gi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nb| eyLvix msKwjZ GKwU nv`xm
wb¤œiƒc:
ْ ‫ ﻓَِﺈ َذا‬، ‫وﺒ ُﻛ ْم‬ ِ
ُ‫وﻤوا َﻋ ْﻨﻪ‬
ُ ُ‫اﺨﺘََﻠ ْﻔﺘُ ْم َﻓﻘ‬ ُ ُ‫ت َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ ُﻗﻠ‬
ْ َ‫آن َﻤﺎ اْﺌﺘََﻠﻔ‬
َ ‫ا ْﻗ َرُءوا اْﻟﻘُْر‬
Ò†Zvgiv KziAvb cvV Ki hZ¶Y †Zvgv‡ì Aš—i¸‡jv wgj-gneŸ‡Z _vK‡e| hLb †Zvgiv gZ‡f` Ki‡e ZLb D‡V
hv‡e|Ó
Bgvg eyLvix G nv`x‡mi mb` eY©bv cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb †h, nv`xmwU mK‡jB cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ Zvweqx gynvwÏm Ave~
Bgivb RvIbx Avãyj gvwjK Beb nvexe (128 wn) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb KL‡bv mvnvex Ryb`ye Beb Avãyjøvn †_‡K
ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi nv`xm wn‡m‡e, KL‡bv Ryb`ye (iv)-Gi wb‡Ri e³e¨ wn‡m‡e Ges KL‡bv Zvweqx Avãyjøvn Bebym mvwg‡Zi
m~‡Î Dgvi Bebyj LvËve (iv) †_‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri e³e¨ wn‡me| 114
Bgvg eyLvix msKwjZ Av‡iKwU nv`xm wb¤œiƒc:
ُ‫ْﻤُرﻩ‬ َ ِ‫ َوﺒ‬، ‫وف َوﺘَ ُﺤﻀﱡﻪُ َﻋَﻠْﯿ ِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ط َﺎﻨﺔٌ ﺘَﺄ‬
ِ ‫ط َﺎﻨﺔٌ ﺘَﺄْﻤرﻩ ﺒِﺎْﻟﻤﻌر‬
ُْ َ ُُُ َ ِ‫ ﺒ‬، ‫ﺎن‬
ِ َ‫ط َﺎﻨﺘ‬ ْ ‫ إِﻻﱠ َﻛ َﺎﻨ‬، ‫ف ِﻤ ْن َﺨﻠِﯿﻔَ ٍﺔ‬
َ ِ‫ت ﻟَﻪُ ﺒ‬ َ ‫اﺴﺘَ ْﺨَﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫ث اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِﻤ ْن َﻨﺒِ ﱟﻰ َو‬َ ‫َﻤﺎ َﺒ َﻌ‬
‫ﺒِﺎﻟ ﱠﺸﱢر َوﺘَ ُﺤﻀﱡﻪُ َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ‬
Avjøvn †Kv‡bv bex †cÖiY Ki‡j ev KvD‡K kvm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zvi `y cÖKv‡ii civgk©K _v‡K: GK`j
civgk©K Zv‡K fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k I Drmvn †`q Ges GK`j Zv‡K Lvivc Kv‡Ri Av‡`k I Drmvn †`q|
Bgvg eyLvix D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, nv`xmwU cÖwm× Zvweqx Bgvg Beb wknve hynix (125 wn) †_‡K Zuvi QvÎiv wZbfv‡e
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb: (1) BDbym Beb wknve †_‡K Ave~ mvjvgvn †_‡K Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx †_‡K ivm~jyjøvn -Gi evYx wn‡m‡e, (2)
ïAvBe hynix †_‡K Ave~ mvjvgvn †_‡K Ave~ mvqx` †_‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri e³e¨ wn‡m‡e Ges (3) AvIhvqx I gyAvweqv Beb
mvjøvg hynix †_‡K Ave~ mvjvgvn †_‡K Ave~ ûivBiv †_‡K ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi evYx wn‡m‡e| 115
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(N) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z PZz_© nv`xm
: ‫ـﺎل َر ُﺴــو ُل اﷲ‬ َ ‫ﺎن ْﺒـ ِـن ُﺒ َرْﯿـ َـدةَ َﻋـ ْـن أَﺒِﯿـ ِـﻪ )ﺒرﯿــدة ﺒــن اﻟﺤﺼــﯿب( أﱠﻨــﻪ ﻗَـ‬
َ ‫ ﻗَـ‬: ‫ـﺎل‬ ٍ ِ
َ ‫أَُﺒــو َﺤﻨﯿﻔَـﺔَ َﻋـ ْـن َﻋْﻠﻘَ َﻤـﺔَ ْﺒـ ِـن َﻤ ْرﺜَــد َﻋـ ْـن ُﺴـﻠَْﯿ َﻤ‬
.‫ﺎﻋﻠِ ِﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ال ﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿ ِر َﻛﻔ‬
َ ‫اﻟ ﱠد ﱡ‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv AvjKvgv Beb gvimv` †_‡K, wZwb myjvBgvb Beb eyivB`vn †_‡K, wZwb Zuvi wcZv †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb,
ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb: Kj¨vY K‡g©i wb‡`©kK Zv cvjbKvixi gZB (mvIqve cv‡eb)|Ó
Beb Av`x e‡jb:
‫ وﺘﺎﺒﻌـﻪ ﺤﻔـص ﺒـن ﺴـﻠﯿﻤﺎن روى ﻋـن ﻋﻠﻘﻤـﺔ أﺤﺎدﯿـث ﻤﻨـﺎﻛﯿر ﻻ ﯿروﯿﻬـﺎ‬...‫ﻫذا ﺤدﯿث ﻻ ﯿﺠود إﺴـﻨﺎدﻩ ﻏﯿـر أﺒـﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬
... ‫ﻏﯿرﻩ‬
ÒG nv`xmwU G mb‡` AvjKvgv †_‡K Ave~ nvbxdv Qvov †KD eY©bv K‡ib wb| ... nvdm Beb myjvBgvbI ZuviB gZ
GwU AvjKvgv †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| nvdm AvjKvgvi m~‡Î K‡qKwU AvcwËKi nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hv Ab¨ †KD eY©bv
K‡ib bv| 116
G A‡_©i nv`xm Ab¨vb¨ mnxn mb‡` Avbvm (iv) I Ave~ gvmE` (iv) †_‡K ewb©Z| G mb‡` nv`xmwU Ab¨ †KD eY©bv
K‡ib wb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi m~‡Î nv`xmwU Bgvg Avng`, Ave~ Bqvjv gvDwmjx, Bgvg Zvnvex cÖgyL gynvwÏm msKjb
K‡i‡Qb| kvBL ïAvBe AvibvDZ e‡jb:
‫إﺴــﻨﺎدﻩ ﺼــﺤﯿﺢ رﺠﺎﻟــﻪ ﺜﻘــﺎت رﺠــﺎل اﻟﺼــﺤﯿﺢ ﻏﯿــر أﺒــﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔــﺔ اﻟﻨﻌﻤــﺎن ﺒــن ﺜﺎﺒــت اﻹﻤــﺎم اﻟﺜﻘــﺔ اﻟﻤﺸــﻬور ﻓﻘــد روى ﻟــﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺘرﻤذي واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺌﻲ‬
Ònv`xmwUi mb` mnxn, mb‡ì ivexMY eyLvix-gymwj‡gi ivex, ïay Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Qvov| wZwb cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨-
wek¦¯Í ivex| wZiwghx I bvmvqx Zuvi eY©bv msKjb K‡i‡Qb|Ó 117
(O) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z cÂg nv`xm
‫ ﻗﺎل إذا ارﺘﻔﻊ اﻟﻨﺠم ارﺘﻔﻌت اﻟﻌﺎﻫﺔ ﻋن أﻫل ﻛل‬ ‫ ﺤدﺜﻨﺎ ﻋطﺎء ﺒن أﺒﻲ رﺒﺎح ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﻫرﯿرة ﻋن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬:‫أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻠد‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv: Avgv‡ì‡K AvZv Beb Avex ivevn e‡j‡Qb, wZwb Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) †_‡K, wZwb ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K,
wZwb e‡jb: ÒhLb myivBqv b¶ÎcyÄ (Pleiades) ev mßwl©gÐj D‡×© D‡V ZLb mKj Rbc‡ì dj-dm‡ji wec` P‡j
hvq|Ó
A_©vr MÖx‡®§i ïi“‡Z ev †g gv‡mi gvSvgvwS hLb Avi‡e ev †nRv‡R myivBqv (Pleiades) b¶ÎgÊj (mßwl©gÊj) cÖfv‡Z ev
mKv‡j Dw`Z nq ZLb Mv‡Qi dj †gvUvgywU cwic° n‡q hvIqvq eo ai‡bi wec`vc` †K‡U hvq| GLv‡b g~j kZ© dj-dm‡ji
cwic°Zv, b¶‡Îi D`q ïay cwic°Zvi †gŠm~g ïi“i AvjvgZ| GRb¨ wewfbœ mnxn nv`x‡m myivBqv b¶Î D`‡qi c~‡e© dj weµq
Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY, cwic°Zvi Av‡M dj weµq Ki‡j †µZv ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡Z cv‡i|
Beb Av`x e‡jb:
‫وﻻ ﯿﺤﻔظ ﻋن ﻋطﺎء إﻻ ﻤن رواﯿﺔ أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ وروى ﻋن ﻋﺴل ﻋن ﻋطﺎء ﻤﺴﻨدا وﻤوﻗوﻓﺎ وﻋﺴل وأﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺴﯿﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻌف ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻋﺴل ﻤﻊ ﻀﻌﻔﻪ أﺤﺴن ﻀﺒطﺎ ﻟﻠﺤدﯿث ﻤﻨﻪ‬
ÒG nv`xmwU AvZv-Gi m~‡Î c~Y© mb‡` Ave~ nvbxdv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq bv| ïay (Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
mgmvgwqK Ab¨ ivex) Bmj Beb mydBqvbI nv`xmwU AvZv-Gi m~‡Î gvid‚ Ges gvDK‚d `yfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ave~ nvbxdv
I Bmj Df‡q `ye©jZvq mgvb; Z‡e Bmj Zvi `ye©jZv m‡Ë¡I nv`xm wbf©yj eY©bvq Ave~ nvbxdvi †P‡q DËg|Ó 118
G nv`xmwU‡KI Beb Av`x Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck Ki‡jb, A_P wZwbB ej‡Qb †h, Zuvi †P‡q
kw³kvjx GKRb ivex nv`xmwU GKB mb‡` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi K_v †_‡K my¯úó †h, G nv`xmwU‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi
c‡¶ cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv hvq bv| KviY GKvwaK gynvwÏm hLb GKB mb` ev gZb e‡jb Ges GKRb †_‡K Ab¨Rb MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb e‡j cÖgvY bv cvIqv hvq ZLb cÖgvY nq †h, G mb` ev gZ‡bi GKwU wfwË Av‡Q|
D‡jL¨ †h, Bm‡ji mb‡` nv`xmwU gymbv‡` Avngv‡ì msKwjZ| Bmj‡K AwaKvsk gynvwÏm `ye©j I Beb wneŸvb
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wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| mgKvjxb cÖwm× gynvwÏm kvBL ïAvBe AvbbvEZ nv`xmwU‡K ÒnvmvbÓ e‡j‡Qb| 119 c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdvi nv`xmwU‡K wZwb mnxn e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
.‫ " ٕواﺴﻨﺎدﻩ ﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬...‫ﯿرﻓﻌﻪ "إذا طﻠﻊ اﻟﻨﺠم ذا ﺼﺒﺎح‬...‫روى ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن اﻟﺤﺴن ﻓﻲ اﻵﺜﺎر ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb wKZveyj Avmv‡i Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K ... ivm~jyjvn †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb: hLb myivBqv b¶Î
cÖfv‡Z ev mKv‡j Dw`Z nq ... dj-dm‡ji wec` P‡j hvq|Ó G nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn| 120
(P) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZvi cÖgv‡Y †ckK…Z lô nv`xm
Beb Av`x e‡jb,
‫ﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﺒدان ﺜﻨﺎ زﯿد ﺒن اﻟﺤرﯿش ﺜﻨﺎ أﺒو ﻫﻤﺎم اﻷﻫوازي ﻋـن ﻤـروان ﺒـن ﺴـﺎﻟم ﻋـن أﺒـﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ ﻋـن ﺤﻤـﺎد ﻋـن إﺒـراﻫﯿم ﻋـن‬
.. ‫ زاد ﻓﯿـﻪ ﻋﻠﻘﻤـﺔ وﻋﺒـد اﷲ واﻟﻨﺒـﻲ‬،‫ ﻟم ﯿروﻩ ﻤوﺼوﻻً ﻏﯿر أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔـﺔ‬... "‫ أﻛل ذﺒﯿﺤﺔ اﻤرأة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﻋن ﻋﺒد اﷲ أن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
"‫ وﻤﻐﯿرة ﻋن إﺒراﻫﯿم ﻗوﻟﻪ‬،‫ﯿروﯿﻪ ﻤﻨﺼور‬
ÒAvgv‡ì‡K Ave`vb e‡j‡Qb, Avgv‡ì‡K hvB` Bebyj ûivBk e‡j‡Qb, Avgv‡ì‡K Ave~ nv¤§vg e‡j‡Qb, Avgv‡ì‡K
gviIqvb Beb mvwjg e‡j‡Qb, Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K, nv¤§v` †_‡K, Beivnxg bvLqx †_‡K, AvjKvgv †_‡K Beb gvmE` †_‡K,
ivm~jyjvn () GKRb gwnjvi RevBK…Z cïi †MvkZ f¶Y K‡ib|Ó... G nv`xmwU Gfv‡e mb`mn Ave~ nvbxdv Qvov †KD e‡jb
wb| wZwb Gi mb‡` AvjKvgv, Beb gvmE` I ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi bvg e„w× K‡i‡Qb| gvbm~i I gyMxiv GwU‡K Beivnx‡gi wb‡Ri
K_v wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|Ó121
Zvn‡j G nv`xmwU Ab¨vb¨ ivex Beivnxg bvLqxi wb‡Ri e³e¨ wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
gyËvwmj mb‡` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Beb Av`xi g‡Z G‡Z cÖgvY nq †h, wZwb nv`x‡mi mb`-gZb gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv; †h
Kvi‡Y Gfv‡e mb‡ì g‡a¨ Kg‡ewk Ki‡Zb|
cvVK j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb †h, Dc‡i Avwg Beb Av`x †_‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ch©š— mb` D‡jL K‡iwQ, hv Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡mi
†¶‡Î Kwi wb| Gi KviY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K G nv`xmwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ÒgviIqvb Beb mvwjgÓ| Beb Av`x wb‡RB Zuvi
G MÖ‡š’ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, G e¨w³ AZ¨š— `ye©j I cwiZ¨³ ivex| 122 Zvn‡j G nv`x‡mi Î“wUi `vqfvi G AwZ `ye©j I
cwiZ¨³ ivexi Dci bv Pvwc‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Dc‡i Pvcv‡bvi KviY wK? A_P Beb Av`x wb‡R Ab¨vb¨ ivexi †¶‡Î
evisevi e‡j‡Qb, Zuvi nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ †h fyjåvwš— cvIqv hvq Zv m¤¢eZ Zvi †_‡K hviv nv`xmwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì
Kvi‡Y|
Beb Av`xi mgv‡jvPbvq G welqwU QvovI wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv j¶Yxq:
(1) Beb Av`x Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏ‡mi †¶‡Î Zuvi QvÎ‡ì welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm †_‡K cÖwm×
gynvwÏm‡ì nv`xm wk¶v Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK Zvi nv`x‡mi fyjåvwš— I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm‡ì
AvcwË m‡Ë¡I wZwb Zv‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Beb gvqxb I Bebyj gv`xbx Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi c‡¶ G welqwU cÖgvY wn‡m‡e D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg hvnvex I Ab¨vbïv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
†_‡K kZvwaK gynvwÏm nv`xm wk¶v K‡i‡Qb hv‡ì AwaKvskB wQ‡jb †m hy‡Mi Zvwe-Zvweqx ch©v‡qi cÖwm× I wbf©i‡hvM¨
gynvwÏm|123 wKš‘ Beb Av`x Zuvi †¶‡Î G welqwUi †gv‡UI ¸i“Z¡ †`b wb|
(2) Beb Av`xi wbi‡c¶Zv I mywPwš—Z gZvg‡Zi GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ wPÎ †h, wZwb gynvwÏmM‡Yi fyjåvwš—i IRi †ck
K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm hv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb, wZwb Zvi c‡¶ Ihi †ck K‡i‡Qb| †hgb kvixK Beb Avãyjvn bvLqx (178
wn)-‡K AwaKvsk gynvwÏm `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| Beb Av`x Zuv‡ì gZ D×„Z K‡ib Ges kvix‡Ki fyjÎwUi A‡bK bgybvI D‡jL K‡ib|
Gici e‡jb:
‫ ﻻ أﻨـﻪ ﯿﺘﻌﻤـد ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺤـدﯿث ﺸـﯿﺌﺎً ﻤﻤـﺎ ﯿﺴـﺘﺤق أن ﯿﻨﺴـب ﻓﯿـﻪ إﻟـﻰ‬،‫واﻟذي ﯿﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺤدﯿﺜـﻪ ﻤـن اﻟﻨﻛـرة إﻨﻤـﺎ أﺘـﻲ ﻓﯿـﻪ ﻤـن ﺴـوء ﺤﻔظـﻪ‬
"‫ﺸﻲء ﻤن اﻟﻀﻌف‬
Òkvix‡Ki ewY©Z nv`x‡mi †h fyjåvwš— Zv Zuvi `ye©j ¯§„wZkw³i Kvi‡Y; Ggb bv †h wZwb B”Qv K‡i nv`x‡mi g‡a¨
cwieZ©b Ki‡Zb; Kv‡RB Zuv‡K †Kv‡bviƒc `ye©jZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kiv hvq bv| 124
eyLvix-gymwjg ¯^xK…Z cÖwm× gynvwÏm Avd&dvb Beb gymwjg Ave~ Dmgvb (219 wn)| wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex, Z‡e wKQz
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Contents

fyj Zuvi n‡Zv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| Beb Av`x e‡jb:
‫ ﻤ ارﺴـﯿل‬.......‫ وﻻ أﻋﻠـم ﻟﻌﻔـﺎن إﻻ أﺤﺎدﯿـث‬..‫وﻋﻔﺎن أﺸﻬر وأوﺜق وأﺼدق ﻤن أن ﯿﻘﺎل ﻓﯿﻪ ﺸﻲء ﻤﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﻪ ﯿﻨﺴـب إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻀـﻌف‬
‫ وأﺤﺎدﯿث ﻤوﻗوﻓﺔ ﻓرﻓﻌﻬﺎ وﻫذا ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯿﺘﻨﻘﺼﻪ؛ ﻷن اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ٕوان ﻛﺎن ﺜﻘﺔ ﻗد ﯿﻬم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻲء ﺒﻌد اﻟﺸﻲء‬،‫ﻓوﺼﻠﻬﺎ‬
ÒAvd&dvb Ggb ch©v‡qi wbf©i‡hvM¨ I mZ¨civqY †h Zuv‡K †Kv‡bviƒc `ye©jZvq AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq bv| Avgvi Rvbv
g‡Z Avd&dv‡bi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ wKQz gyivmvj nv`xm i‡q‡Q †h¸wj wZwb gyËvwmj evwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb Ges wKQz gvDK‚d
(mvnvexi e³e¨) Av‡Q †h¸wj‡K wZwb gvid‚ (ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi e³e¨) evwb‡q‡Qb| Gi Kvi‡Y Zuvi gh©v`v K‡g bv| KviY
wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexI gv‡S gv‡S wKQz fyjåvwš— I aviYv-Abygv‡bi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nb|...Ó 125
Avgiv Beb Av`xi mv‡_ GKgZ †h, GKRb ivex‡K wKQz Awb”QvK…Z fy‡ji Rb¨ XvjvIfv‡e `ye©j ejv hvq bv| eyLvix,
gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm ¯^xK…Z kZkZ ivex i‡q‡Qb hviv wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì wecix‡Z gyimvj nv`xm‡K gyËvwmj eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb, mb‡` ev gZ‡b wKQz cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì Awb”QvK…Z Î“wU wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡ì‡K
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖkœ Beb Av`xi wbi‡c¶Zv wb‡q| wZwb ej‡jb †h, ¯§„wZkw³i `ye©jZv, Awb”QvK…Z
fyj, gyimvj‡K gyËvwmj ev gvDK‚d‡K gvid‚ evbv‡bvi Kvi‡Y gynvwÏm‡K `ye©j ejv hvq bv| wKš‘ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q
wZwb G g~jbxwZ cy‡ivcywiB j•Nb K‡i ïay GKvi‡YB wZwb Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb|
Avgiv IRiLvwn ev` w`‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi `ye©jZv hvPvB Kwi| Dc‡ii QqwU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ 1g, 2q I 5g nv`xm
†Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Zuvi `ye©jZvi cÖgvY bq; eis Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY| KviY Ab¨vb¨ wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex- Beb Av`xi fvlvq Ave~
nvbxdvi †P‡q AwaKZi wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex- Zuvi gZB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| 6ô nv`xmwUI †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zuvi `ye©jZvi cÖgvY bq; KviY G
nv`xmwU Zuvi bv‡g cÖPvi K‡i‡Q GKRb cwiZ¨³ ivex| Z…Zxq nv`xmwUi mb` Zuvi QvÎiv wewfbœfv‡e e‡j‡Qb| Gi Rb¨ wZwb ev
Zuvi QvÎiv `vqx n‡Z cv‡ib| Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, eyLvix msKwjZ nv`x‡mI cÖwm× gynvwÏmMY KL‡bv KL‡bv Giƒc K‡i‡Qb|
4_© nv`xmwU Zuvi †P‡q kw³kvjx †KD eY©bv K‡ib wb| Avi †Kv‡bv gynvwÏ‡mi †¶‡Î hw` cÖgvwYZ nq †h, wZwb
AwaKvsk †¶‡Î wbf©yj eY©bv K‡ib, Zvn‡j †h nv`xm¸‡jv wZwb GKK eY©bv K‡ib †m¸‡jvI mnxn e‡j MY¨ nq| eyLvix,
gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ mKj MÖ‡š’ Giƒc A‡bK mnxn ÒMixeÓ nv`xm we`¨gvb| GRb¨ Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡m Zuvi `ye©jZv cÖgvwYZ bv
n‡j G nv`xmwU‡K mnxn wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv kvBL AvibvD‡Zi gš—‡e¨ Zv †`‡LwQ|
Bgvg Beb Av`xi `vwe Abymv‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv 300 nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, †m¸wji g‡a¨ 280wU‡Z fyj K‡i‡Qb
Ges †m fyj cÖgvY Ki‡Z wZwb Zuvi ewY©Z me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K fy‡ji QqwU cÖgvY †ck K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`Ljvg G¸‡jvi 4wUB
evwZj cÖgvY, evwK `y‡UvI wb‡iU cÖgvY bq| G‡_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, evKx 276wU fyj nv`x‡mi Ae¯’vI Gi †_‡K wfbœ n‡e
bv|
GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K hviv `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zuviv g~jZ Dc‡ii QqwU nv`x‡mi K‡qKwU ev meKqwU
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Avi G¸‡jvi Ae¯’v Avgiv †`LwQ| G‡_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Z…Zxq kZK I cieZ©x kZK¸‡jv‡Z hviv
Zuv‡K nv`xm eY©bvq `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zuviv Bbmvd K‡ib wb|
11. 8. cieZ©x hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY
Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, 3q wnRix kZK †_‡K K‡qK kZvãx hver wdKn I AvKx`vi gZ‡f`RwbZ we‡Ø‡li cÖfv‡e Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdvi wei“‡× A‡bK gynvwÏm K_v e‡j‡Qb| wbi‡c¶ wePv‡i Zv‡ì e³e¨ mwVK ejvi †Kv‡bv c_ Avgiv †`wL bv| GRb¨ 8g
wnRix kZK †_‡K gynvwÏmMY Giƒc we‡Ø‡li E‡aŸ© DVvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| G‡ì Ab¨Zg Bgvg Beb ZvBwgqv (728wn) I Zuvi
QvÎMY: Bgvg wgh&hx (742 wn), Bgvg hvnvex (748wn) I Bgvg Beb Kvmxi (774 wn)| Bgvg hvnvex `ye©j ivex‡ì wel‡q
msKwjZ Zuvi MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z Bbmvd ev †e-Bbmvd K‡i hv‡ì‡KB †KD `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì mK‡ji bvg GKwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨
G mKj eB‡q A‡bK cÖwm× wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexi bvg i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖm‡½ Zuvi wel‡q Kw_Z `y-GKwU D×…wyZ
†`Lv hvq | GQvov wgh&hx, hvnvex I Beb nvRvi wiRvj welqK MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi c‡¶ ewY©Z
e³e¨¸‡jv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Zuvi `ye©jZvq ewY©Z e³e¨¸‡jv D×…ZB K‡ib wb| G‡Z
cÖZxqgvb nq †h, G¸‡jv‡K mb` ev gZ‡bi w`K †_‡K Zuviv MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b K‡ib wb A_ev c~e©eZ©x gynvwÏmMY wek¦¯ÍZvi mvÿï
wecix‡Z cieZ©x‡Zi e³e¨ AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
11. 9. eZ©gvb hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY
eZ©gvb hy‡MI †mŠw` Avie I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Ab¨vb¨ gvhnve I g‡Zi A‡bK gynvwÏm Zuv‡K nv`xm eY©bvq wbf©i‡hvM¨
e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© Giƒc `y-GKwU e³e¨ †`‡LwQ| cvkvcvwk †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K
`ye©j e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z me©vZ¥K †Póv K‡i‡Qb| G‡ì Ab¨Zg eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg †kªô gynvwÏm Avjvgv kvBL gynv¤§v`
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Contents
bvwmi“Ïxb Avjevbx (ivn)| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K nv`xm eY©bvq `ye©j e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cÖgvY wn‡m‡e B‡Zvc~‡e©
D×…Z Bebyj gyevivK, Bgvg Avng`, eyLvix, bvmvqx, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x cÖgy‡Li e³e¨ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| 126
kvBL Avjevbx (ivn)-Gi e³‡e¨ Avgiv `ywU welq j¶¨ Kwi:
(1) wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h, Bgvg Avh‡gi mZëvw`Zv, wdKnx gh©v`v I ZvKIqv m‡›`nvZxZ I cÖkœvZxZ, Z‡e wZwb nv`xm
gyL¯’ ivLvq `ye©j wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb Zuvi g‡Zi c‡¶ hv‡ì e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb: Bgvg Avng`, eyLvix, Beb wneŸvb, Beb
Av`x cÖgyL Zuv‡K ïay nv`x‡m `ye©j e‡jb wb, eis Zuviv Zuv‡K nv`x‡m, wdK‡n, AvKx`vq, Cgv‡b, Bmjv‡g, ZvKIqvq,
mZëvw`Zvq- me©w`K w`‡q `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Ges †KD †KD Zuv‡K Bmjv‡gi kÎ“ e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv Rvwb bv, wZwb
Zuv‡ì wKQz K_v MÖnY Ges evwK gZ evwZj Ki‡jb †Kb? Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Zuv‡ì G mKj e³e¨ hw` we‡ØlcÖm~Z
e‡j Zuvi wbKU cÖgvwYZ nq Zvn‡j Bjg nv`x‡mi g~jbxwZ Abymv‡i Zuvi nv`x‡mi `ye©jZvi wel‡qI Zuv‡ì gZ AMÖnY‡hvM¨|
Avi hw` wZwb g‡b K‡ib †h, Zuv‡ì gZ¸‡jv BbmvdwfwËK Zvn‡j †Zv cy‡ivUvB MÖnY Kiv Ri“ix wQj|
(2) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi c‡¶ ïÕev, KvËvb, Beb gvn`x, Beb gvqxb I wØZxq kZ‡Ki Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏ‡mi e³e¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib wb|
kvBL Avjevbxi G gZ Zuvi A‡bK cvVK I f³‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q|
12. Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z g~j¨vqb
12. 1. gynvwÏ‡mi g~j¨vqb-c×wZ I bgybv
c~e©eZ©x Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm nv`xm eY©bvq fyj K‡i‡Qb wKbv Zv wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ Zuvi
ewY©Z nv`xm Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏ‡mi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv I wbix¶v Kiv nq| Giƒc wbix¶vq cÖ‡Z¨K gynvwÏ‡miB Kg †ewk
wKQz fyj aiv c‡o| KviY kZkZ ev nvRvinvRvi nv`xm ï‡b‡Qb, wj‡L‡Qb, gyL¯— K‡i‡Qb Ges wewfbœ mg‡q e‡j‡Qb †h gynvwÏm,
Zvi eY©bvi g‡a¨ gv‡S g‡a¨ wKQz fyj n‡ZB cv‡i| Giƒc fy‡ji cwigvY, Zvi ewY©Z †gvU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ fy‡ji AbycvZ I fy‡ji
¸i“Z¡ Abymv‡i gynvwÏ‡mi gvb wba©viY K‡ib mgv‡jvPKMY| Avi G‡¶‡ÎB KL‡bv KL‡bv gZ‡f` nq Zv‡ì|
gynvwÏmMY Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji () AvgvbZ i¶v‡_© m‡e©vËg wbi‡c¶Zvi mv‡_ Giƒc hvPvB evQvB K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gvbexq `ye©jZvq gv‡S gv‡S fyj K‡i‡Qb| mgv‡jvPbvi c×wZ, evovevwo ev QvovQvwo, e¨w³MZ ev AvÂwjK we‡Øl,
AvKx`v ev wdKn wel‡q gZcv_©K¨ BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y KL‡bv GKRb gynvwÏm Ab¨ gynvwÏ‡mi mvgvb¨ Î“wU‡K eo K‡i a‡i‡Qb| KL‡bv
ev A‡bK †ewk fyj‡K wZwb †QvU K‡i †`‡L‡Qb|
Av‡MB e‡jwQ gynvwÏm‡ì mgv‡jvPbv †Kv‡U©i wePv‡ii gZB `wjjwfwËK| ÔAgyK gynvwÏm A‡bK fyj K‡ibÕ- GK_v ejvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ D³ gynvwÏm ewY©Z nv`xm D‡jL K‡i †m fyj cÖgvY Ki‡Z nq Ges fy‡ji AbycvZI ej‡Z nq| GRb¨ †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm
Gfv‡e fyj ev GK‡c‡k K_v ej‡j cieZ©x gynvwÏmMY †Póv Ki‡j Zv ai‡Z cv‡ib| KviY D³ gynvwÏ‡mi ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv
nv`xmMÖš’¸‡jv‡Z msiw¶Z| †h †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm †h †Kv‡bv mg‡q B”Qv Ki‡j G¸‡jvi wbix¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e Giƒc wbix¶v
Mfxi cvwÊZ¨ I e¨vcK Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡gB m¤¢e| cieZ©x gynvwÏmMY c~e©eZ©xM‡Yi gZ I mvgwMÖK Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi `kwU bgybv GLv‡b D‡jøL KiwQ|
(1) nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb (120 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q Awf‡hvM¸‡jv Abyave‡bi Rb¨ Zuvi D¯—v` nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb‡K eyS‡Z n‡e| Qv‡Îi
wei“‡× hZ Awf‡hvM meB DmZv‡ì wei“‡× Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ QvÎ hZ AvµgY I PwiÎ nb‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb D¯—v` ZZ nb wb|
KviY m¤¢eZ GKwUB: Qv‡Îi cÖwmw×i cÖwZ we‡ivax‡ì Cl©v|
Zuvi wel‡q Beb gvqxb e‡jb: wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨| ïev e‡jb: wZwb mZ¨civqY| Ab¨ eY©bvq ïev e‡jb: wZwb nv`xm
gyL¯’ ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv| wdKn wb‡qB wZwb e¨¯— _v‡Kb d‡j nv`xm gyL¯’ Kivi ZvIdxK nq wb| BRjx e‡jb: wZwb
wbf©i‡hvM¨| bvmvqx e‡j: wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨ Z‡e wZwb gyiwRqv| Beb Av`x e‡jb: wZwb nv`xm eY©bvq †gvUvgywU MÖnY‡hvM¨|
Ave~ nvwZg ivhx e‡jb: wZwb mZ¨civqY, Z‡e Zuvi nv`xm cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb wdK‡n my`„p, Z‡e nv`xm
ej‡Z ¸wj‡q †d‡jb| Ave~ eKi Beb AvBqvk e‡jb: wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨ bb| Beb mv` e‡jb: wZwb nv`x‡m `ye©j wQ‡jb|
wZwb gyiwRqv wQ‡jb| hLb wdKnx gvmAvjv ej‡Zb ZLb mwVK ej‡Zb Avi hLb nv`xm ej‡Zb ZLb fyj Ki‡Zb| hynjx
e‡jb: wZwb Lye †ewk fyj K‡ib|
GLv‡b Avgiv †`LwQ †h gynvwÏmMY GKgZ †h, wZwb wdK‡ni †¶‡Î kw³kvjx wQ‡jb, wKš‘ wdKnx wel‡q AZ¨waK
e¨¯— _vKvi Kvi‡Y nv`xm eY©bvq wKQz `ye©jZv wQj| wKš‘ †m `ye©jZvi gvb wba©vi‡Y Zuviv gZ‡f` Ki‡Qb| †KD ej‡Qb Zuvi
nv`xm †gv‡UI MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| †KD ej‡Qb Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Bgvg hvnvex ej‡Qb: (‫)ﺜﻘﺔ إﻤﺎم ﻤﺠﺘﻬد‬: wZwb
wbf©i‡hvM¨ Ges gyRZvwn` Bgvg| Beb nvRvi e‡jb: (‫)ﻓﻘﯿﻪ ﺼدوق ﻟﻪ أوﻫﺎم و رﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻹرﺠﺎء‬: wZwb dKxn mZ¨civqY, Zuvi
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fyjåvwš— Av‡Q, wZwb gyiwRqv wn‡m‡e Awfhy³|
eyLvixi Av`ve MÖ‡š’, gymwj‡gi mnxn MÖ‡š’ I mybvb MÖš’mg~‡n Zuvi nv`xm msKwjZ| A_©vr gynvwÏmMY Zuvi nv`xm mnxn I
nvmvb e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|127
(2) kvixK Beb Avãyjvn Beb Avex bvwgi (140 wn)
wZwb K‚dvi evwm›`v wQ‡jb, c‡i g`xbvq emevm K‡ib| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| nv`xm eY©bvi †¶‡Î
†KD Zuv‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ges †KD Zuv‡K `yej e‡j‡Qb| BqvnBqv Beb mvqx` Avj-KvËvb Zuv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| Beb gvqxb e‡jb:
(‫ )ﻻ ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ‬ÔZuvi wel‡q Amyweav †bBÕ| bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫ )ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوى‬wZwb kw³kvjx bb| Ave~ `vD` e‡jb: (‫ )ﺜﻘﺔ‬wZwb wbf©i‡hvM¨|
Bebyj Rviƒ` e‡jb: (‫ )ﻟﯿس ﺒﻪ ﺒﺄس و ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوى‬Zuvi wel‡q Amyweav †bB, Z‡e wZwb kw³kvjx bb| mvRx e‡jb: wZwb Kv`vwiqv
AvKx`vi Abymvix wQ‡jb| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi e‡jb: (‫ )ﺼدوق ﯿﺨطﻰء‬mZ¨civqY fyj K‡ib| eyLvix, gymwjg Ges Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn e‡j MY¨|
(3) kvixK Beb Avãyjvn Beb Avex kvixK bvLqx (178 wn)
wZwb K‚dvi Kvwh wQ‡jb| gynvwÏmMY GKgZ †h Zuvi nv`x‡m fyjåvwš— LyeB †ewk| Zuvi mgmvgwqK Rvin-Zv`x‡ji
cÖwm×Zg Bgvg KvËvb I Beb gvn`x Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi †_‡K nv`xm MÖnY †_‡K weiZ †_‡K‡Qb| KvËvb
e‡jb: Avwg Zuvi cvÐzwjwc‡Z †MuvRvwgj I †Mvjgvj †`‡LwQ| wZwb e‡jb: kvixK wKQzB bq, A_©vr G‡Kev‡iB cwiZ¨³| c¶vš—‡i
Beb gvqxb e‡jb: kvixK wbf©i‡hvM¨, Z‡e wZwb nv`xm fvj cv‡ib bv Ges fyj K‡ib| BqvK‚e Beb kvBev e‡jb: wZwb
mZ¨civqY Z‡e gyL¯’kw³ LyeB `ye©j| Avh&`x I R~hRvbx e‡jb: kvix‡Ki gyL¯’ kw³ Lvivc, Zuvi nv`xm G‡jv‡g‡jv Ges †m wb‡R
wec_Mvgx| Ave~ hyiAv e‡jb: kvixK LyeB fyj K‡ib| bvmvC GK¯’v‡b e‡jb: Zuvi wel‡q ¶wZ †bB| Ab¨Î e‡jb: wZwb kw³kvjx
bb| `vivKzZbx e‡jb: wZwb kw³kvjx bb| RvInvix e‡jb: wZwb 400 nv`x‡mi eY©bvq fyj K‡i‡Qb| Avng` Beb nv¤^vj e‡jb:
kixK nv`xm ejvi †¶‡Î hv Lywk ZvB e‡jb, Z‡e wZwb weÀvZx‡ì wei“‡× Lye K‡Vvi wQ‡jb| mvgwMÖK g~j¨vq‡b Beb nvRvi
e‡jb: (‫ ﺘﻐﯿر ﺤﻔظﻪ ﻤﻨذ وﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﺒﺎﻟﻛوﻓﺔ‬،‫)ﺼدوق ﯿﺨطﻰء ﻛﺜﯿرا‬: mZ¨civqY, Lye †ewk fyj K‡ib, Kzdvi Kvwhi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi ci Zvi
¯§„wZ cwieZ©b n‡q hvq|Ó
GLv‡b Avgiv †`LwQ †h, AwaKvsk gynvwÏm Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Ges mK‡jB e‡j‡Qb †h, nv`xm wbfy©jfv‡e ejvi †¶‡Î
Zuvi fyjåvwš— LyeB †ewk| Avi mvgwMÖK gyj¨vq‡b wZwb †gvUvgywU MÖnY‡hvM¨| Bgvg gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg eyLvixI Zvjx‡Ki Rb¨ Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr gynvwÏmMY Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn ev nvmvb e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb|128
(4) Dmvgv Beb hvB` jvBmx (153 wn)
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK g`xbvi GKRb cÖwm× gynvwÏm Dmvgv Beb hvB` jvBmx (153 wn)| BqvnBqv Beb
mvqx` KvËvb Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡jb Ges †kl w`‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| A_©vr Zuvi wePv‡i wZwb (‫ ;)ﻤﺘروك‬cwiZ¨³| Avng` e‡jb:
(‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺸﺊ‬: G‡Kev‡iB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| GK eY©bvq Beb gvqxb Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| `vwigx e‡jb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﻪ ﺒﺄس‬: Zuvi
wel‡q Amyweav †bB| bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي‬: kw³kvjx bb| BRjx e‡jb: (‫)ﺜﻘﺔ‬: wbf©i‡hvM¨| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi
e‡jb: (‫)ﺼدوق ﯿﻬم‬: mZ¨civqY, fyj K‡ib| eyLvix (Zvjx‡K), gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 129 P128F
(5) nvm&mvb Beb Beivnxg Beb Avãyjvn wKigvbx (86-186wn)

Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm I dKxn nvm&mvb Beb Beivnxg wKigvb cÖ‡`‡ki Kvhx wQ‡jb| Avng` Zuv‡K mZ¨civqY e‡j‡Qb
Ges Zuvi wKQz nv`xm gybKvi e‡j‡Qb| Beb gvqxb Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| bvmvqx e‡j‡Qb: Ò(‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي‬: wZwb kw³kvjx
bbÓ| Beb Av`x e‡jb: wZwb mZ¨civqY, Z‡e wZwb fyj Ki‡Zb, B”Qv K‡i bq|Ó DKvBjx, Beb wneŸvb I Ab¨vbïvI Abyiƒc
e‡j‡Qb| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi e‡jb: Ô(‫)ﺼدوق ﯿﺨطﻰء‬: mZ¨civqY fyj Ki‡Zb|Õ eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi
ewY©Z nv`xm ÔmnxnÕ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|130
P129F
(6) Beivnxg Beb gynvwRi Beb Rvwei Avj-evRjx

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK K‚dvi Ab¨ cÖwm× Zvweqx gynvwÏm Beivnxg Beb gynvwRi Beb Rvwei| Zuvi wel‡q KvËvb
e‡jb: (‫)ﻀﻌﯿف‬: `ye©j| Avng` e‡jb: (‫)ﻻ ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ‬: Amyweav †bB| BRjx e‡jb: (‫ )ﺠﺎﺌز اﻟﺤدﯿث‬Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY Kiv Rv‡qh| bvmvqx
e‡jb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬: wZwb nv`x‡m kw³kvjx bb| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb: (‫)ﺼدوق ﻟﯿن اﻟﺤﻔظ‬:
mZ¨civqY, gyL‡¯’ `ye©j| Bgvg gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 131
P130 F
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(7) Kvmxi Beb wkbhxi gvwhbx, Ave~ Kzi&iv

mgmvgwqK emivi Ab¨ Zvwe-Zvweqx Kvmxi Beb wkbhxi| KvËvb Zuv‡K AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Beb gvn`x
Zuvi nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Zb| Beb gvqxb e‡jb (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺸﺊ‬: G‡Kev‡iB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| Avng` Beb nv¤^vj e‡jb: PjbmB...
ivexMY Zuv‡K †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| Ave~ hyiAv e‡jb (‫)ﻟﯿن‬: `ye©j| bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي‬: kw³kvjx bb| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb
nvRvi e‡jb (‫)ﺼدوق ﯿﺨطﻰء‬: mZ¨cviqY fyj K‡ib| eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr Zuvi
ewY©Z nv`xm ÔmnxnÕ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb Zuviv| 132
P13F
(8) Beivnxg Beb BDm~d Beb BmnvK (198 wn)

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ ch©v‡qi Kzdvi cÖwm× gynvwÏm Beivnxg Beb BDm~d Beb BmnvK (198 wn)| Zuvi wel‡q Beb
gvqxb e‡jb: (‫ )ﻟﯿس ﺒﺸﺊ‬wKQzB bq, G‡Kev‡iB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي‬: kw³kvjx bq| R~hRvbx e‡jb:
(‫)ﻀﻌﯿف اﻟﺤدﯿث‬: nv`x‡m `ye©j| Ave~ nvwZg e‡jb: (‫ )ﺤﺴن اﻟﺤدﯿث‬wZwb MÖnY‡hvM¨ ev nvmvb nv`xm eY©bvKvix| Beb Av`x Zuv‡K
†gvUvgywU MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| `vivKzZbx Zuv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| Ave~ `vD` Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| mvgwMÖK
wePv‡i Beb nvRvi e‡jb: (‫)ﺼدوق ﯿﻬم‬: mZ¨civqY, fyj K‡ib| Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| A_©r
Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm‡K Zuviv mnxn wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| 133 P132F
(9) DevB Beb AveŸvm Beb mvnj

g`xbvi GKRb cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm DevB Beb AveŸvm Beb mvnj Beb mvÕ` Avbmvix| Zuvi wel‡q `~jvex e‡jb:
(‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوى‬: kw³kvjx bb| Beb gvqxb e‡jb: (‫)ﻀﻌﯿف‬: `ye©j| Avng` Beb nv¤^vj e‡jb: (‫)ﻤﻨﻛر اﻟﺤدﯿث‬: AvcwËKi nv`xm
eY©bvKvix| bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫ )ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوى‬kw³kvjx bq| eyLvixI e‡j‡Qb: (‫)ﻟﯿس ﺒﺎﻟﻘوي‬: kw³kvjx bq| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi
e‡jb: (‫)ﻓﯿﻪ ﻀﻌف‬: Zuvi g‡a¨ `ye©jZv we`¨gvb| Bgvg eyLvix Zuvi GKwU nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|134 P13F
(10) AvmevZ Beb bvmi, Ave~ BDm~d nvg`vbx

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c‡ii hy‡Mi cÖwm× gynvwÏm AvmevZ Beb bvmi| Zuvi wel‡q Bgvg Avng` e‡jb: `ye©j| Ave~ byAvBg
dv`j Beb `yKvBb e‡jb: Zuvi nv`xm¸wj AMÖnY‡hvM¨, mb`¸wj Dëv‡bv| bvmvqx e‡jb: wZwb kw³kvjx bb| Beb gvqxb e‡jb:
G‡Kev‡iB AMÖnY‡hvM¨| Ab¨ GKevi wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡jb| eyLvix e‡jb: mZ¨civqY| mvgwMÖK wePv‡i Beb nvRvi e‡jb: ( ‫ﺼدوق‬
‫)ﻛﺜﯿر اﻟﺨطﺄ ﯿﻐرب‬: mZ¨civqY, Lye †ewk fyj K‡ib, D™¢U nv`xm e‡jb| Bgvg eyLvix ZvjxK wn‡m‡e Zuvi GKwU nv`xm MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg gymwjg Zuvi nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|135 P134F
12. 2. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g~j¨vqb

Gfv‡e Avgiv wbwðZ nB †h, gynvwÏm ev ivexi wePvi `y-GKRb ev AwaKvsk gynvwÏ‡mi gš—‡eï wfwË‡Z nq bv; eis
mvgwMÖK wePv‡ii gva¨‡g nq| Avgiv hw` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q ïev Bebyj nv¾vR, BqvnBqv KvËvb, Beb gvn`x, Beb gvqxb,
Bgvg Avng`, Bgvg eyLvix, bvmvqx, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x, DKvBjx mK‡ji gZ mgvbfv‡e MÖnY Kwi Z‡e Zuvi wel‡q ej‡Z
n‡e (‫ )ﺼدوق رﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﻹرﺠﺎء‬mZ¨civqY, gyiwRqv e‡j Awfhy³, A_ev (‫)ﺼدوق ﻟﻪ أوﻫﺎم‬: mZ¨civqY, Zuvi wKQz fyj Av‡Q| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi
ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn ev nvmvb e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
Z‡e gynvwÏmM‡Yi bxwZgvjvi `vwe †h, mgmvgwqK mgv‡jvPKM‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ cÖwm× nIqvi c‡i †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm‡K †KD
Awbf©i‡hvM¨ ej‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq bv, we‡klZ hw` cÖgvY nq †h, Zv AvKx`v ev gvhnvex we‡ivwaZvi Kvi‡Y| GRb¨ wØZxq
kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡Zi wecix‡Z Bgvg Avng`, eyLvix, bvmvC, DKvBjx, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x cÖgy‡Li gZ
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wØZxq kZ‡Ki Rvin-Zv`x‡ji BgvgM‡Yi e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K ÔwmKvnÕ ev wbf©i‡hvM¨ ejv Qvov
DcvB †bB| evn¨Z GRb¨B Beb ZvBwgqv, Bebyj KvBwqg, wghhx, myeKx, Beb nvRvi cÖgyL gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cÖwm×
dKxn, Bgvg, nv`x‡mi Bgvg ev gymwjg‡ì Bgvg e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| 136
†Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB Zuv‡K Ges Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm Ò`ye©jÓ e‡j MY¨ Kiv Rvin-Zv`x‡ji g~jbxwZ Abymv‡i mwVK bq|
ïev, BmivCj, Bebyj gyevivK, Ave~ BDm~d, KvËvb, Beb gvn`x, Beb gvqxb I wØZxq kZ‡Ki cÖwm× BgvgM‡Yi g~j¨vqb
wePvi bv K‡i Z…Zxq ev cieZ©x kZK¸‡jvi gynvwÏm‡ì K‡qK WRb e³e¨ GKÎ K‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K `ye©j ejv
KL‡bvB Bjgyj nv`x‡mi g~jbxwZ mgw_©Z bq| Giƒc wePvi Ki‡j eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm KZ…©K Òwbf©i‡hvM¨Ó e‡j
¯^xK…Z A‡bK ivex‡KB `ye©j ej‡Z n‡e Ges mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡gi A‡bK nv`xm‡KB `ye©j ej‡Z n‡e|
13. wdKn welqK Awf‡hvM
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Avgiv †`‡LwQ, wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× dKxn I gynvwÏmMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K wdK‡ni Bgvg e‡j
†NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb, Zuvi wdKn mnxn nv`xm wbf©i e‡jI Zuviv ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki ïi“ †_‡K Zuvi wei“‡×
wdKnx A‡hvM¨Zvi eûgywL Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ n‡Z _v‡K| ejv n‡Z _v‡K †h, wdK‡ni †¶‡Î wZwb AbwfÁ, Amg_© I
A‡hvM¨ wQ‡jb| wZwb Aviex fvlv Rvb‡Zb bv| wZwb †Kv‡bv nv`xm Rvb‡Zb bv ZvB gbMovfv‡e nv`xm we‡ivax gvmAvjv
w`‡Zb| wZwb mnxn nv`xm A¯^xKvi I Agvb¨ K‡i wb‡Ri wKqvm gZ dvZIqv w`‡Zb| wZwb `xb‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Qb!!! ....
BZ¨vw`| Avgiv GLv‡b cÖ_g Ges †klw`K †_‡K `yRb Awf‡hvMKvixi e³e¨ D‡jL KiwQ|
13. 1. Beb Avex kvBev (159-235 wn)
Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki mycÖwm× gynvwÏm Ave~ eKi Avãyjvn Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avex kvBev K~dx (ivn)| nv`x‡m beex Ges
mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZ I K‡g©i msKj‡b Zuvi ÒAvj-gymvbœvdÓ MÖš’wU mycÖwm×| wZwb G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ
LÊ‡bi Rb¨ ÒwKZveyi ivwÏ Avjv Avex nvbxdvnÓ (Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ LÊ‡bi Aa¨vq) bv‡g GKwU Aa¨vq msKjb K‡i‡Qb| G
Aa¨v‡q 125wU cwi‡”Q‡` wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi 125wU wdKnx gZ nv`xm we‡ivax e‡j LÊb Ki‡Z 485wU nv`xm ev mvnvex-
Zvweqxi gZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|137
13. 2. Bgvg Mvhvjx (450-505 wn)
cÂg-lô kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg kvwdqx dKxn, Dm~jwe`, m~dx I `vk©wbK Bgvg Ave~ nvwg` gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Mvhvjx
(ivn), hvi cwiPq Kv‡ivB ARvbv bq| wdKn I Dm~j wdKn wel‡q Zuvi †jLv eB kvwdqx gvhnv‡ei Ab¨Zg cvV¨ I Z_¨ MÖš’|
wZwb Zuvi ÒAvj-gvbL~jÓ bvgK Dm~jyj wdKn welqK MÖ‡š’ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× A‡bK Awf‡hvM K‡i‡Qb|
GLv‡b wKQz e³e¨ D×„Z KiwQ:
‫وأﻤﺎ ﻤﺎﻟك ﻓﻛﺎن ﻤن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻬدﯿن ﻨﻌم ﻟﻪ زﻟل‬...‫وﻻ اﻛﺘراث ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ أﻗطﻊ ﺒﺨطﺌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ أﻋﺸﺎر ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ‬
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯿﻌرف اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث وﻟﻬذا رﻀﻲ ﺒﻘﺒول اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﻀﻌﯿﻔﺔ‬... ‫ وأﻤﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻠم ﯿﻛن ﻤﺠﺘﻬدا ﻷﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯿﻌرف اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬..
‫ وﻟذﻟك اﺴﺘﻛﻨف ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﯿوﺴف‬... ‫ ﻓﻛﺜر ﺨﺒطﻪ ﻟذﻟك‬...‫ورد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ وﻟم ﯿﻛن ﻓﻘﯿﻪ اﻟﻨﻔس ﺒل ﻛﺎن ﯿﺘﻛﺎﯿس ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‬
‫ وأﻤﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻓﻘد ﻗﻠب‬...‫وﻤﺤﻤد ﻤن اﺘﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ أروا ﻓﯿﻪ ﻤن ﻛﺜرة اﻟﺨﺒط واﻟﺘﺨﻠﯿط واﻟﺘورط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت‬
‫ وﻤن ﻫذا اﺸﺘد اﻟﻤطﻌن واﻟﻤﻐﻤز ﻤن ﺴﻠف اﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﯿﻪ إذ اﺘﻬﻤوﻩ ﺒروﻤﻪ ﺨرم‬..‫اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ ظﻬ ار ﻟﺒطن وﺸوش ﻤﺴﻠﻛﻬﺎ وﻏﯿر ﻨظﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ وﻫﯿﻬﺎت ﻓﻠﺴﻨﺎ ﻓﯿﻪ إﻻ ﻤﻨﺼﻔﯿن وﻤﻘﺘﺼدﯿن ﻋن ﻤﻘﺘﺼرﯿن‬..‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬...‫ ﯿظﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻌﺼب ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬.. ‫ وﻟﻌل اﻟﻨﺎظر‬..‫اﻟﺸرع‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﺴﯿر ﻤن اﻟﻛﺜﯿر‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdvi we‡ivwaZv‡K Avwg †gv‡UI c‡ivqv Kwi bv| KviY Avwg mywbwðZ †h, Zuvi gvhnv‡ei `kfv‡Mi bq fvMB
fyj, ... gvwjK gyRZvwn` wQ‡jb| nuv, Zuvi wKQz fyj wQj| ... Avi Ave~ nvbxdv g~jZB gyRZvwn` wQ‡jb bv| KviY wZwb Aviex
fvlv Rvb‡Zb bv|... Ges wZwb nv`xm Rvb‡Zb bv; GRb¨ wZwb hqxd nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Z ivhx nb Ges mnxn nv`xm cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡ib| wdKnx gvbwmKZvB Zuvi wQj bv; GRb¨ wZwb Ggb ¯’v‡b wKqvm Ki‡Zb †hLv‡b wKqvm Kiv nq bv....| GRb¨ Zuvi
fyjåvwš— e¨vcK nq| GKvi‡Y Ave~ BDm~d I gynv¤§v` Zuvi gvhnv‡ei `yBZ…Zxqvsk MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib; KviY Zuviv Gi
g‡a¨ fyjåvwš—, †MuvRvwgj I ¯^we‡ivwaZvi e¨vcKZv †`L‡Z cvb| ... Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvn kixqZ‡K m¤ú~Y© D‡ë w`‡q‡Qb,
Dci‡K wb‡P I wb‡P‡K Dc‡i K‡i‡Qb, kixq‡Zi aviv KjywlZ K‡i‡Qb Ges Gi c×wZ cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb|... GRb¨B D¤§‡Zi
mvj‡d mv‡jnxb Zuvi wel‡q KwVb AvcwË I wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Zuv‡K kixqZ bó Kivi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³ K‡ib|... nqZ
cvVK aviYv Ki‡eb †h, Avgiv kvwdqxi c‡¶ gvhnvex †Muvovwg ekZ Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× Giƒc ejwQ| .... KL‡bvB bq| G
mKj K_v ejvi †¶‡Î Avgiv GKvš—B Bbmvd Aej¤^b K‡i K_v¸‡jv e‡jwQ, ga¨cš’v Aej¤^b K‡iwQ Ges G wel‡q A‡bK
K_v ejv †hZ Z‡e Avgiv Aí K_v e‡j †kl KiwQ|Ó 138
14. wdKn welqK Awf‡hvM ch©v‡jvPbv
wdKnx Awf‡hvM¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡gœi K‡qKwU welq jÿYxq:
(1) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi mKj gZB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Zvweqx ev mvnvex †_‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Avng` Beb
nv¤^vj e‡jb:
‫إﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺎ اﺨﺘرع ﻗوﻻ وﻻ أﻨﺸر ﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻻن أﻫل اﻟﻛوﻓﺔ إﺒراﻫﯿم اﻟﺘﯿﻤﻰ واﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ واﻟﺤﻛم وﻏﯿرﻫم‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv †Zv GKvš—B Abymvix wQ‡jb, wZwb †Kv‡bv gZ D™¢veb K‡ib wb Ges †Kv‡bv gZ‡fÌ m„wó K‡ib wb|
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KviY Beivnxg bvLqx, kvÕex, nvKvg I K‚dvi Ab¨vb¨ Avwj‡gi wZwb Abymvix wQ‡jb|Ó 139
†h gZ Beivnxg bvLqx, AvjKvgv, nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb cÖgyL Zvweqx Ave~ nvbxdvi c~‡e©B MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, A_ev
ivexqvn, mydBqvb mvIix, Bebyj gyevivK cÖgyL dKxn MÖnY K‡i‡Qb †m g‡Zi Rb¨ Ave~ nvbxdv wbw›`Z n‡jb, wKš‘ Abïv
n‡jb bv! 140
(2) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi we‡ivaxMY Zuvi bv‡g Ggb wKQz gZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb hv wZwb KL‡bvB e‡jb wb| Zuvi gZ fyj
ey‡S ev B”QvK…Z fyj e¨vL¨v K‡i Zuvi bv‡g G mKj gZ cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(3) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †h mKj gZ nv`xm we‡ivax e‡j cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q G¸wji AwaKvs‡ki †¶‡Î Zuvi g‡Zi c‡¶
mnxn nv`xm we`¨gvb| wKQz g‡Zi c‡¶ nv`xm bv _vK‡jI †Kv‡bv mvnvex ev Zvweqxi gZ ev Kg© we`¨gvb| cÖwm× Pvi Bgvg I
Ab¨ mKj dKx‡ni gvhnve ev g‡Zi g‡a¨B Avgiv Giƒc wKQz gZ †`L‡Z cvB, hvi c‡¶ †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`xm †bB ev Zvi wei“‡×
mnxn nv`xm i‡q‡Q| G mKj †¶‡Î dKxn g~jZ mvnvex ev ZvweqxM‡Yi g‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb|
(4) Bgvg gvwjK, Bgvg kvwdqx, Bgvg Avng`, Bgvg AvIhvqx I Ab¨ mKj dKx‡ni †¶‡Î A‡bK mnxn nv`xm
cvIqv hvq †h¸wj Zuviv MÖnY K‡ib wb| wewfbœ ARynv‡Z, hyw³‡Z ev Kvi‡Y Zuviv Zv eR©b K‡i‡Qb| ïay nv`xm¸‡jv D‡jL
K‡i D³ Bgvg nv`xmwUi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb e‡j wjL‡j Zv AÁZv ev we‡Ø‡li cÖKvk e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
(5) cÖwm× gvwjKx dKxn I gynvwÏm Beb Avãyj evi&i (463 wn) e‡jb:
‫أﻓرط أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻲ ذم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﺘﺠﺎوزوا اﻟﺤد ﻓﻲ ذﻟك واﻟﺴﺒب واﻟﻤوﺠب ﻟذﻟك ﻋﻨدﻫم إدﺨﺎﻟﻪ اﻟرأي واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺜﺎر‬
‫ وﺘﺎﺒﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻤﻤن ﻗﺎل ﺒﺎﻟرأي وﺠل‬،‫ وﻛﺜﯿر ﻤﻨﻪ ﻗد ﺘﻘدﻤﻪ إﻟﯿﻪ ﻏﯿرﻩ‬،‫ وﻛﺎن ردﻩ ﻟﻤﺎ رد ﻤن أﺨﺒﺎر اﻵﺤﺎد ﺒﺘﺄوﯿل ﻤﺤﺘﻤل‬...‫واﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﯿوﺠد ﻟﻪ ﻤن ذﻟك ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻤﻨﻪ اﺘﺒﺎﻋﺎ ﻷﻫل ﺒﻠدﻩ ﻛﺈﺒراﻫﯿم اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ وأﺼﺤﺎب اﺒن ﻤﺴﻌود إﻻ أﻨﻪ أﻏرق وأﻓرط ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨزﯿل اﻟﻨوازل ﻫو‬
‫ وﻤﺎ أﻋﻠم أﺤدا ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﻌﻠم إﻻ وﻟﻪ ﺘﺄوﯿل ﻓﻲ آﯿﺔ أو‬..‫وأﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ واﻟﺠواب ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﺒرأﯿﻬم واﺴﺘﺤﺴﺎﻨﻬم ﻓﺄﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤن ذﻟك ﺨﻼف ﻛﺒﯿر ﻟﻠﺴﻠف‬
‫ أﺤﺼﯿت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﻟك ﺒن‬:‫ ﻋن اﻟﻠﯿث ﺒن ﺴﻌد أﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل‬...‫ﻤذﻫب ﻓﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ رد ﻤن أﺠل ذﻟك اﻟﻤذﻫب ﺴﻨﺔ أﺨرى ﺒﺘﺄوﯿل ﺴﺎﺌﻎ أو ادﻋﺎء ﻨﺴﺦ‬
‫ ﺜم ﯿردﻩ‬ ‫ ﻟﯿس ﻷﺤد ﻤن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻤﺔ ﯿﺜﺒت ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ ﻋن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬..‫ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻤﺎﻟك ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﺒرأﯿﻪ‬ ‫أﻨس ﺴﺒﻌﯿن ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
‫دون ادﻋﺎء ﻨﺴﺦ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺒﺄﺜر ﻤﺜﻠﻪ أو ﺒﺈﺠﻤﺎع أو ﺒﻌﻤل ﯿﺠب ﻋﻠﻰ أﺼﻠﻪ اﻻﻨﻘﯿﺎد إﻟﯿﻪ أو طﻌن ﻓﻲ ﺴﻨدﻩ وﻟو ﻓﻌل ذﻟك أﺤد ﺴﻘطت ﻋداﻟﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋن أن ﯿﺘﺨذ إﻤﺎﻤﺎ وﻟزﻤﻪ إﺜم اﻟﻔﺴق‬
gynvwÏmMY Ave~ nvbxdvi wb›`vq evovevwo K‡i‡Qb Ges G wel‡q mxgvj•Nb K‡i‡Qb| Gi KviY gynvwÏmM‡Yi `„wó‡Z wZwb
wKqvm I BRwZnv`‡K nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ XywK‡qwQ‡jb Ges G`ywU‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| ... wZwb †h mKj nv`xm cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb Zv
MÖnY‡hvM¨ e¨vL¨vi wfwË‡ZB K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi G mKj g‡Zi (†h¸wj‡K nv`xm we‡ivax e‡j cÖPvi Kiv nq) AwaKvskB Zuvi c~‡e©
A‡bK Avwjg MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi c‡iI hviv wKqvm I wdKn wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB G mKj gZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
Zuvi gvhnv‡e nv`xm we‡ivax e‡j Kw_Z hv wKQz i‡q‡Q Zvi cÖvq me¸wj‡ZB wZwb Beivnxg bvLqx, Avãyjvn Beb gvmE‡ì QvÎMY
ev Zuvi †`‡ki (K‚dvi) Abyiƒc Avwjg‡ì AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb I Zuvi mv_xiv G mKj g‡Zi wfwË‡Z BRwZnv` K‡i
mv¤¢ve¨ NUbv I kvLvcÖkvLv †ei K‡i mv¤¢ve¨ mgm¨vi mgvavb ejvi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb I †ewk cwigv‡Y K‡i‡Qb|... Avgvi
Rvbv g‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Avwj‡giB KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvqvZ ev †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi †¶‡Î wbR¯^ gvhnve ev gZ i‡q‡Q hvi wfwË‡Z wZwb
Ab¨ GKwU nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ GKwU e¨vL¨ K‡i ev bvmL `vex K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| ... (wgm‡ii cÖwm× dKxn) jvBm Beb mv`
e‡jb: Avwg gvwjK Beb Avbv‡mi 70wU gvmAvjv evQvB K‡iwQ, †h¸wj‡Z wZwb ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi nv`x‡mi wei“‡× wb‡Ri gZ
Abymv‡i dvZIqv w`‡q‡Qb| .... D¤§v‡Zi †Kv‡bv AvwjgB ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K GKwU nv`xm Zuvi wbKU cÖgvwYZ nIqvi c‡i Zv
†Kv‡bv KviY Qvov cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib bv| wZwb Ab¨ GKwU nv`x‡mi Kvi‡Y G nv`xm iwnZ n‡q‡Q e‡j `vwe K‡ib, A_ev BRgvi
`vwe‡Z nv`xmwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib, A_ev Ggb GKwU K‡g©i Kvi‡Y nv`xmwU cwiZ¨vM K‡ib, †h Kg©‡K MÖnY Kiv Zuvi g~jbxwZ
Abymv‡i Ri“ix, A_ev wZwb nv`xmwUi mb` Î“wUhy³ e‡j `vwe K‡ib| hw` †KD †Kv‡bv KviY Qvov †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`xm cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡ib Zvn‡j †m cvcx e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Zvi b~¨bZg `xb`vixB webó n‡q hv‡e, Bgvg wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z nIqv †Zv A‡bK `~‡ii
K_v|Ó141
cÖwm× nv¤^vjx dKxn Beb ZvBwgqv (728 wn) e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﯿﺢ ﻟِ ِﻘَﯿ‬
ْ ‫ﺎس أ َْو َﻏ ْﯿ ِرِﻩ ﻓَﻘَ ْد أ‬
َ‫َﺨطَﺄ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺼ ِﺤ‬
‫ﯿث ﱠ‬ِ ‫وﻤ ْن ظَ ﱠن ﺒِﺄَﺒِﻲ ﺤﻨِﯿﻔَﺔَ أَو َﻏ ْﯿ ِرِﻩ ِﻤ ْن أَﺌِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اْﻟﻤﺴﻠِ ِﻤﯿن أَﱠﻨﻬم ﯿﺘَﻌ ﱠﻤ ُدون ﻤ َﺨﺎﻟَﻔَﺔَ اْﻟﺤ ِد‬
َ ُ َ َ َ ُْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ََ
‫ﱠ‬
‫َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َوﺘَ َﻛﻠ َم إ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺒِظَ ﱢن َ ٕوِا ﱠﻤﺎ ﺒِﻬَ َوى‬
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Òhw` †KD aviYv K‡i †h, Ave~ nvbxdv A_ev gymwjg‡ì Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Bgvg wKqvm ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z
B”QvK…Zfv‡e †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`x‡mi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb Z‡e Zvi aviYvwU Ab¨vq I fyj e‡j MY¨| H e¨w³ nq Av›`v‡R,
A_ev cÖe„wËi Zvobvq Giƒc K_v e‡j‡Q|Ó 142
cÖwm× †mŠw` gynvwÏm kvBL Avjx Beb bvBd Avk-kvn&n~` e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎﻤﻬم ﺒﺄﻨﻬم‬... ‫ وﻻ ﯿدﻋﻤﻪ اﻟدﻟﯿل‬،‫ﻤﺎ اﺸﺘﻬر ﻤن أن أﻫل اﻟرأي ﺒﻀﺎﻋﺘﻬم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻤزﺠﺎة ﻛﻼم ﻏﯿر ﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ ﻛﺎن اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒو ﺒﻛر ﺒن‬: ‫ ﻤﺜﺎل ذﻟك‬... .‫ وﻋﺼﺒﯿﺔٌ ﻤﻘﯿﺘﺔ‬،‫ﻛﺒﯿر‬
ٌ ٌ‫أن ﺒﻀﺎﻋﺘﻬم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻤزﺠﺎةٌ ﻓﯿﻪ ﺸطط‬‫ و ﱠ‬،‫أﺼﺤﺎب رأي‬
ُ
‫ رﺤﻤﻪ‬،‫ وﻤن ﺜم ﻓﻘد أﺤﺼﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺨﺎﻟف ﻓﯿﻬﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،‫ ﺸدﯿد اﻟﺘﻤﺴك ﺒﺎﻷﺜر‬،‫أﺒﻲ ﺸﯿﺒﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﯿن ﻷﻫل اﻟرأي‬
‫ ﻗد واﻓق اﻟﺴﱠﻨﺔ‬... ‫ وﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫذا أن اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬...‫ ﻤﺌﺔ وأرﺒﻌﺎً وﻋﺸرﯿن ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻻ ﻏﯿر‬-‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤ ﱢد زﻋﻤﻪ‬-‫اﷲ اﻟﺴﱠﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﻠﻐت‬
‫ وﻟو ﻨظرﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛرﻫﺎ اﺒن أﺒﻲ ﺸﯿﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ رﱢدﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺴوى ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺒﻌﺸرات اﻵﻻف‬
‫ ﻤﻌظﻤﻬﺎ أﻤور ﻤﺨﺘﻠف ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻤﻨذ ﻋﻬد اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ﻟم ﯿﻨﻔرد ﻓﯿﻬﺎ اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒو‬- ‫ أ‬: ‫اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻟوﺠدﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﯿﻠﻲ‬
. ‫ أو أﻤور وﺠد ﻤﺎ ﻫو أﻗوى ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻠم ﯿﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ‬-‫ ب‬. ‫ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
ÒGKwU K_v cÖwm× †h, ÔAvnjyi ivqÕ (wKqvmcš’x ev nvbvdxMY) nv`xm Kg Rv‡bb| K_vwU mwVK bq| `jxj G K_v
mg_©b K‡i bv|... Zuv‡ì‡K wKqvmcš’x e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv, nv`xm wel‡q Zuv‡ì Ávb Kg e‡j `vwe Kiv eo Ab¨vq,
mxgvj•Nb I N„Y¨ gvhnvex †Kv›`‡ji cÖKvk| GKwU D`vniY †`Lyb| Bgvg Ave~ eKi Beb Avex kvBev Avnjyi ivq ev
wKqvmcš’x‡ì †Nvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb, nv`xm cvjb Kivi wel‡q AZ¨š— K‡Vvi wQ‡jb| Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvn †h welq¸wj‡Z
nv`x‡mi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb †m welq¸wj wZwb MYbvK‡i GKwÎZ K‡i‡Qb| Beb Avex kvBevi gZvbymv‡i Ave~ nvbxdv
ïaygvÎ 124wU gvmAvjv‡Z nv`x‡mi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| ... Gi A_© Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv gvÎ mvgvb¨ GB KwU gvmAvjv Qvov
evwK mKj gvmAvjvq, nvRvi nvRvi gvmAvjvq nv`xm AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Beb Avex kvBev D‡jLK…Z G gvmAvjv¸wj,
†h¸wj‡Z wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvni gZ LÊb K‡i‡Qb †m¸wj hvPvB Ki‡j Avgiv †`wL (1) G¸wji AwaKvskB
mvnvexM‡Yi hyM †_‡K gZ‡f`xq gvmAvjv, †Kv‡bvwUB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi GKK gZ bq| A_ev (2) G¸wji g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz
welq i‡q‡Q †h¸wj‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Beb Avex kvBevi D‡jL Kiv nv`x‡mi †P‡q kw³kvjx Ab¨ `wjj †c‡q‡Qb, †h
Kvi‡Y wZwb G nv`xm MÖnY K‡ib wb|Ó
Gici kvBL kvn&n~` K‡qKwU D`vniY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, †h¸wj‡Z wZwb cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Beb Avex kvBev †h
gvmAvjvi Rb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Awfhy³ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb wb‡RB gymvbœvd MÖ‡š’i Ab¨Î G gZ A‡bK mvnvex-Zvweqx †_‡K D×„Z
K‡i‡Qb Ges G mKj g‡Zi c‡¶ Ab¨ nv`xm i‡q‡Q| 143
15. wdKn cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
Avãyjøvn Beb Avng`, Beb wneŸvb, LZxe evM`v`x cÖgyL gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K nv`x‡mi wei“‡× I
wKqv‡mi c‡¶ Ggb wKQz e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb hv †Kv‡bv Zvweqx dKxn †Zv `~‡ii K_v †Kv‡bv dvwmK gywgbI ej‡Z cv‡ib
bv| mb` wePv‡i G¸‡jv Rvj| Z‡e G¸wji mb` wePvi Ri“ix bq| hw` †Kv‡bv wbf©i‡hvM¨ e¨w³I eY©bv K‡ib †h, Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv Giƒc K_v e‡j‡Qb, Z‡e Zv D³ wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv bó Ki‡e Ges Zvi B”QvK…Z ev Awb”QvK…Z
wg_¨v e‡j MY¨ n‡e| KviY Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi RxeÏkv‡ZB cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| AMwYZ Zvwe-Zvweqx
Avwjg Zuvi wbKU †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib Ges gymwjg we‡k¦i me©Î Zuvi gZ cÖPvi K‡ib| Zuvi QvÎ I Abymvixiv Zuvi mKj
gZ msi¶Y I cÖPv‡i Av‡cvlnxb wQ‡jb| Zuviv Zuvi †_‡K †h mKj e³e¨ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvi wecixZ D™¢U eY©bv¸‡jv
wfwËnxb e‡j MY¨| GLv‡b Zuvi QvÎ I Abymvix‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z wdKn, nv`xm, gvhnve, ZvKjx` BZ¨vw` welqK Zuvi wKQz
e³e¨ D×…Z KiwQ|
15. 1. nv`xm I wKqv‡mi †¶Î
Zuvi wewfbœ e³e¨ †_‡K Avgiv †`wL †h, mnxn nv`xm‡KB wZwb Zuvi gvhnv‡ei wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK
Zuvi gZ ev gvhnv‡ei wecix‡Z †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`xm cvIqv †M‡j Zv AbymiY Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb wKqvm AcQ›`
Ki‡Zb| †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv AvqvZ, nv`xm ev mvnvexi gZ †bB †mLv‡bB ïay wKqvm Ki‡Zb| B‡Zvc~‡e© G wel‡q Zuvi wKQz
e³e¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi Av‡iv A‡bK e³e¨ Zuvi QvÎ I Abymvixiv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| K‡qKwU e³e¨ †`Lyb:
‫إذا ﺼﺢ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻬو ﻤذﻫﺒﻲ‬
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‫‪Contents‬‬
‫‪1. Ò†Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn cÖgvwYZ n‡j †mwUB Avgvi gvhnve|Ó 144‬‬
‫اﻟﺒول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠد أﺤﺴن ﻤن ﺒﻌض اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬
‫‪145‬‬
‫‪2. ÒA‡bK wKqvm Av‡Q hvi †P‡q gmwR‡` †ckve Kiv DËg|Ó‬‬
‫إﯿﺎﻛم واﻟﻘول ﻓﻲ دﯿن اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻟرأي ﻋﻠﯿﻛم ﺒﺎﺘﺒﺎع اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻤن ﺨرج ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻀل‪ ...‬ﻟوﻻ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻓﻬم أﺤد ﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻘرآن‬
‫‪ ...‬ﻟم ﺘزل اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺼﻼح ﻤﺎ دام ﻓﯿﻬم ﻤن ﯿطﻠب اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﺈذا طﻠﺒوا اﻟﻌﻠم ﺒﻼ ﺤدﯿث ﻓﺴدوا‬
‫‪3. ÒLei`vi! Avjvni `x‡bi wel‡q hyw³-wKqvm ev wbR¯^ gZ w`‡q K_v ej‡e bv| †Zvgiv Aek¨B mybœv‡Zi AbymiY‬‬
‫‪Ki‡e| †h e¨w³ mybœv‡Zi evB‡i hv‡e †m weåvš— n‡e| ... mybœvZ bv n‡j Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KDB KziAvb eyS‡Zv bv| .... hZw`b‬‬
‫‪ch©š— gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ nv`xm wk¶vKvix we`¨gvb _vK‡e ZZw`b Zviv fvj _vK‡e| hLb Zviv nv`xm ev` w`‡q Bjg PP©v Ki‡e ZLb‬‬
‫‪Zviv bó n‡q hv‡e|Ó146‬‬
‫ﻛذب واﷲ واﻓﺘرى ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻤن ﯿﻘول‪ :‬إﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻘدم اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨص‪ ،‬وﻫل ﯿﺤﺘﺎج ﺒﻌد اﻟﻨص إﻟﻰ ﻗﯿﺎس! أﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻨظر ﻓﻲ‬
‫دﻟﯿل اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻛﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﺔ أو أﻗﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻟم ﻨﺠد دﻟﯿﻼ ﻗﺴﻨﺎ ﺤﯿﻨﺌذ ﻤﺴﻛوﺘﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨطوق ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4. Òhviv e‡jb †h, Avgiv KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³‡eï Dci wKqvm‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q _vwK- Avjvni Kmg! Zviv Avgv‡ì‬‬
‫!?‪bv‡g wg_¨v e‡jb Ges Acev` cÖ`vb K‡ib| KziAvb nv`x‡mi e³e¨ ev bm&m _vK‡j wK wKqv‡mi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxqZv _v‡K‬‬
‫‪Avgiv gvmAvjvi `jxj †`wL Avjvni wKZve ev mybœv‡Zi g‡a¨ A_ev mvnvexM‡Yi dqmvjvi g‡a¨| hLb mswkó wel‡q †Kv‡bv‬‬
‫‪`jxj bv cvB ZLb KziAvb-mybœv‡n ewY©Z †Kv‡bv weav‡bi Dci mswkó welq‡K wKqvm Kwi|Ó147‬‬
‫‪cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn gynv¤§v` gyiZvhv hvex`x (1206wn) e‡jb:‬‬
‫ﻨﺴب إﻟﻰ إﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ أﻨﻪ ﯿﻘدم اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨص‪ ...‬ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﯿﻪ ﻏﯿر ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻟﻤﻨﻘول ﻓﻲ ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ ﺘﻘدﯿم‬
‫اﻟﻨص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‪.‬‬
‫‪ÒAvgv‡ì Bgv‡gi bv‡g ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb wKqvm‡K ÔbmÕ (KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ ev Inxi K_v)-Gi Dc‡i ¯’vb‬‬
‫‪†`b| G K_vwU mwVK bq| KviY Zuvi gvhnv‡e mnxnfv‡e ewY©Z gZ n‡jv ÔbmÕ-†K A_©vr KziAvb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K‬‬
‫‪ÔwKqvmÕ-Gi †P‡q AMÖMY¨ Kiv|Ó 148‬‬
‫‪†gvjv Avjx Kvix e‡jb:‬‬
‫وﺴﻤوا اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟرأي ﻋﻠﻰ ظن أﻨﻬم ﻤﺎ ﯿﻌﻤﻠون ﺒﺎﻟﺤدﯿث ﺒل وﻻ ﯿﻌﻠﻤون اﻟرواﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﺤدﯿث ﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘدﯿم وﻻ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻤﻊ أن ﻤذﻫﺒﻬم اﻟﻘوي ﺘﻘدﯿم اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟﻀﻌﯿف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﻤﺠرد اﻟذي ﯿﺤﺘﻤل اﻟﺘزﯿﯿف‬
‫‪Òwe‡ivaxiv nvbvdx‡ì‡K Ôivqcš’xÕ (wKqvmcš’x) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| KviY Zuv‡ì aviYv †h, nvbvdxMY nv`xm‬‬
‫‪cvjb K‡ib bv; eis Zviv nv`xm Rv‡bb bv; AZx‡ZI bv eZ©gv‡bI bv; A_P nvbvdxM‡Yi kw³kvjx gvhnve n‡jv hqxd‬‬
‫‪nv`xm‡K wKqv‡mi wecix‡Z AMÖMY¨ I MÖnY Kiv KviY wKqv‡m weåvwš— I wec_MvwgZvi m¤¢vebv we`¨gvb|Ó 149‬‬
‫‪Avãyj nvB jvLbex (1304wn) Bgvg kvivbx (973wn)-Gi m~‡Î e‡jb:‬‬
‫ﻗد أطﺎل اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒو ﺠﻌﻔر اﻟﻛﻼم ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒرﺌﺔ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﺒﻐﯿر ﻀرورة ورد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن ﻨﺴب إﻟﻰ اﻹﻤﺎم ﺘﻘدﯿم اﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨص وﻗﺎل ‪ :‬إﻨﻤﺎ اﻟرواﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺘﻘدﯿم اﻟﺤدﯿث ﺜم اﻵﺜﺎر ﺜم ﯿﻘﯿس ﺒﻌد ذﻟك وﻻ ﺨﺼوﺼﯿﺔ ﻟﻺﻤﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﺒﺸرطﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤذﻛور ﺒل ﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﯿﻘﯿﺴون ﻓﻲ ﻤذاﺌق اﻷﺤوال إذا ﻟم ﯿﺠدوا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻨﺼﺎ اﻨﺘﻬﻰ وﻓﯿﻪ أﯿﻀﺎ ‪ :‬اﻋﺘﻘﺎدﻨﺎ واﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﻛل ﻤﻨﺼف‬
‫ﻓﻲ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أﻨﻪ ﻟو ﻋﺎش ﺤﺘﻰ دوﻨت أﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ وﺒﻌد رﺤﯿل اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤن اﻟﺒﻼد واﻟﺜﻐور وظﻔر ﺒﻬﺎ ﻷﺨذ ﺒﻬﺎ وﺘرك‬
‫ﻛل ﻗﯿﺎس ﻛﺎن ﻗﺎﺴﻪ وﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻗل ﻓﻲ ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗل ﻓﻲ ﻤذﻫب ﻏﯿرﻩ ﻟﻛن ﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻨت أدﻟﺔ اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ ﻤﺘﻔرﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼرﻩ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن‬
‫وﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤداﺌن واﻟﻘرى ﻛﺜر اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻤذﻫﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﯿرﻩ ﻤن اﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻀرورة ﻟﻌدم وﺠود اﻟﻨص ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠك اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎس ﻓﯿﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ÒBgvg Ave~ nvbxdv cÖ‡qvRb Qvov wKqvm K‡i‡Qb ev wKqvm‡K KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³‡eï Dc‡i ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb e‡j †h‬‬
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Contents
Awf‡hvM Kiv nq Bgvg Ave~ RvÕdi Zvnvex we¯—vwiZfv‡e Zv LÊb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb: Zuvi †_‡K weï× mb‡` ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q †h, nv`xm‡K me©cÖ_g Ges Gici mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZvgZ AMÖMY¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici wZwb wKqvm
Ki‡Zb| Avi Giƒc wKqvm Kiv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi GKK êwkó¨ bq; eis mKj AvwjgB Giƒc Ae¯’vq wKqvm K‡ib; hLb Zuviv
mswkó gvmAvjvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ cvb bv| ... Ave~ nvbxdvi wel‡q Avgv‡ì wek¦vm Ges mKj wbi‡c¶ gvby‡li wek¦vm †h,
wZwb hw` kixq‡Zi nv`xm¸‡jv msKwjZ I MÖš’vwqZ nIqv ch©š— Ges gynvwÏmMY gymwjg we‡k¦i mKj †`k †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn
Kivi c‡iI †eu‡P _vK‡Zb Ges †m¸‡jv Zuvi n¯—MZ n‡Zv Z‡e wZwb hZ wKqvm K‡iwQ‡jb mKj wKqvm cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb Ges
Ab¨vb¨ Bgv‡gi gvhnv‡ei gZB Zuvi gvhnv‡e wKqvm K‡g †hZ| wKš‘ Zuvi hy‡M kixq‡Zi `jxj¸‡jv wewfbœ †`‡k I kn‡i we`¨gvb
Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxM‡Yi wbKU wew¶ß Ae¯’vq wQj GRb¨ Zuvi gvhnv‡e Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei †P‡q wKqvm-Gi cwigvY †ewk
n‡q‡Q| mswkó gvmvB‡j KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ bv cvIqvi Kvi‡YB Zuv‡K eva¨ n‡q wKqvm Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|Ó 150
Avjvgv mvLvex (831-902 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻤذﻫب إﻤﺎﻤﻬم أﯿﻀﺎ ﻀﻌﯿف اﻟﺤدﯿث أوﻟﻰ ﻋﻨدﻩ‬.... ‫اﻟﻤرﺴل ﯿﺤﺘﺞ ﺒﻪ إذا ﻟم ﯿوﺠد دﻻﻟﺔ ﺴواﻩ‬
‫ ﻗول اﺒن ﻤﻨدﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻪ أرﯿد ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻌﯿف ﻫذا اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟﺤﺴن‬... ‫ﻤن اﻟرأي واﻟﻘﯿﺎس‬
ÒAb¨ `jxj bv _vK‡j gyimvj nv`xm cÖgvY wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡e (A_©vr gyimvj nv`xm GKUz `ye©j n‡jI wKqvm ev
hyw³i †P‡q DËg) ... nvbvdx dKxnMY mK‡jB e‡j‡Qb, Zuv‡ì Bgv‡gi gZ n‡jv wKqv‡m †P‡q `ye©j nv`xm DËg| ... Beb
gvb&`n e‡j‡Qb: G‡¶‡Î ÔhvqxdÕ (`ye©j) nv`xm ej‡Z ÔnvmvbÕ (mvgvb¨ `ye©j MÖnY‡hvvM¨) nv`xm eySv‡bv nq|Ó 151
15. 2. nv`x‡mi mb` hvPvB
Beb gvb&`vn GLv‡b GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq ¯úó K‡i‡Qb| hqxd nv`xm‡K wKqv‡mi Dci AMÖMY¨ Kiv †_‡K †KD
nqZ ey‡Sb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv nv`x‡mi weï×Zv hvPvB‡q wX‡jwg Ki‡Zb| welqwU wVK D‡ëv| wZwb nv`x‡mi mb`
hvPvB‡q AZ¨š— K‡Vvi wQ‡jb| †h wel‡q †Kv‡bv mnxn nv`xm †bB †m wel‡q mvgvb¨ `ye©j ÒnvmvbÓ ev ÒgyimvjÓ nv`xm wZwb
Ges †m hy‡Mi mKj dKxnB MÖnY Ki‡Zb| †h nv`xm ÒmnxnÓ nv`x‡mi 5wU kZ©B c~iY K‡i, wKš‘ eY©bvKvixi ¯§„wZ I wbf©yj
eY©bv kw³i wKQz `ye©jZv wQj, Giƒc nv`xm‡K ÒnvmvbÓ ejv nq| Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©š— ÒnvmvbÓ cwifvlvwU
eëüZ n‡Zv bv| mnxn nv`x‡mi kZ© c~iY K‡i bv Giƒc mKj nv`xm‡KB ÒhqxdÓ ejv n‡Zv| GRb¨ ÒnvmvbÓ-I hqx‡di
Aš—f©y³ e‡j MY¨ n‡Zv|
cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn I gynvwÏm gynv¤§v` gyiZvhv hvex`x e‡jb:
‫ وﻛﺄن اﻟﻤراد ﻤﻨﻪ اﻟﻀﻌﯿف اﻟذي ﻤن ﻗﺒل ﺴوء ﺤﻔظ‬،‫ ﻀﻌﯿف اﻟﺤدﯿث أﺤب إﻟﻲ ﻤن آراء اﻟرﺠﺎل‬:‫ﯿروى ﻋﻨﻪ أﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول‬
...‫راوﯿﻪ‬
ÒBgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb ej‡Zb, Ôgvby‡li BRwZnv`x g‡Zi †P‡q hqxd (`ye©j) nv`xm Avgvi wbKU
AwaK wcÖq|Õ GLv‡b hqxd ej‡Z †m nv`xm eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q hvi `ye©jZv ïay ivexi gyL¯’ kw³i Kvi‡Y|Ó 152
nv`x‡mi weï×Zv i¶vi wel‡q Zuvi K‡VviZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb nv`xm kªe‡Yi mgq †_‡K eY©bvi mgq ch©š— cy‡ivcywi gyL¯’
ivLv‡K nv`xm eY©bvi êaZvi kZ© e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ث ِﺒ ِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ﯿث إﻻ ﺒِ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﺤﻔَظُﻪُ َﯿ ْوَم َﺴ ِﻤ َﻌﻪُ إﻟَﻰ َﯿ ْوِم ُﯿ َﺤ ﱢد‬
ِ ‫ث ِﻤ ْن اْﻟ َﺤِد‬
ْ ‫ﻻ َﯿ ْﻨَﺒ ِﻐﻲ ِﻟ ﱠﻠر ُﺠ ِل أ‬
َ ‫َن ُﯿ َﺤ ﱢد‬
Ò†h nv`xm kªe‡Yi w`b †_‡K eY©bvi w`b ch©š— gyL¯’ Av‡Q †m nv`xm Qvov Ab¨ nv`xm eY©bv Kiv †Kv‡bv gvby‡li Rb¨
mwVK bq|Ó153
ïayB mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i Kivi wel‡q wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻋن اﻟﺜﻘﺎت أﺨذﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻓﺈذا ﺠﺎء ﻋن أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻟم ﻨﺨرج ﻋن أﻗﺎوﯿﻠﻬم ﻓﺈذا‬ ‫إذا ﺠﺎء اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻻﺴﻨﺎد ﻋن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺎء ﻋن اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن زاﺤﻤﺘﻬم‬
ÒhLb wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì gva¨‡g ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K †Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn mb‡` Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡m ZLb Avgiv Zv
MÖnY Kwi| hLb Giƒc K_v mvnvexMY †_‡K ewY©Z nq ZLb Avgiv Zuv‡ì K_vi evB‡i hvB bv| Avi hLb ZvweqxM‡Yi K_v ewY©Z
nq ZLb Avgiv Zuv‡ì mv‡_ fx‡oi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kwi|Ó 154
wZwb `ye©j gynvwÏm ev ivex‡ì ïay eR©bB Ki‡Zb bv, Dciš‘ Zv‡ì wg_¨vPvi ev `ye©jZv cÖKvk K‡i nv`x‡mi weï×Zv
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i¶vq mevB‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Zb| K‡qKRb `ye©j ivex m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﻤﺎ رأﯿت ﻓﯿﻤن رأﯿت أﻓﻀل ﻤن ﻋطﺎء وﻤﺎ ﻟﻘﯿت ﻓﯿﻤن ﻟﻘﯿت أﻛذب ﻤن ﺠﺎﺒر اﻟﺠﻌﻔﻲ ﻤﺎ أﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﻗط ﺒﺸﺊ ﻤن رأي اﻻ‬
...‫ ﻟم ﯿظﻬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺎءﻨﻲ ﻓﯿﻪ ﺒﺤدﯿث وزﻋم ان ﻋﻨدﻩ ﻛذا وﻛذا أﻟف ﺤدﯿث ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬
ÒAvwg hv‡ì‡K †`‡LwQ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AvZv Beb Avex ivev‡ni †P‡q DËg KvD‡K †`wL wb Ges Rvwei Rydxi †P‡q
AwaK wg_¨vev`x Avi KvD‡K †`wL wb| Avwg †h †Kv‡bv wKqvmx gvmAvjv Zv‡K ej‡jB †m Zvi c‡¶ GKwU nv`xm e‡j w`Z|
†m `vex KiZ †h, Zvi Kv‡Q ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi GZ nvRvi nv`xm i‡q‡Q, hv †m GL‡bv cÖKvk K‡i wb|Ó 155 P154F
mvBgvix (463wn) Zuvi mb‡` Bebyj gyevivK †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:

‫ ﻓﺎﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻗوم ﻓﺴﺄﻟوﻩ ﻋن أﺸﯿﺎء ﻤن اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎل إن اﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﺸﺎب ﺒﺎﻟﻛوﻓﺔ ﯿﻛﻨﻰ‬... ‫ﻗدم ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن واﺴﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺨراﺴﺎن‬
‫أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟوا ﻟﻪ إﻨﻪ ﻟﯿس ﯿﻌرف اﻟﺤدﯿث ﻓﻘﺎل اﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك ﻛﯿف ﺘﻘوﻟون ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﯿﻌرف ﻟﻘد ﺴﺌل ﻋن اﻟرطب ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤر ﻗﺎل ﻻ ﺒﺄس ﺒﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﻤن ﺘﻛﻠم ﺒﻬذا ﻟم‬..(‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟوا ﺤدﯿث ﺴﻌد ﻓﻘﺎل ذاك ﺤدﯿث ﺸﺎذ ﻻ ﯿؤﺨذ ﺒرواﯿﺔ زﯿد أﺒﻲ ﻋﯿﺎش )ﻤدارﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ زﯿد ﺒن ﻋﯿﺎش وﻫو ﻤﺠﻬول‬
‫ﯿﻛن ﯿﻌرف اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
Ò(Biv‡Ki cÖwm× Zvweqx gynvwÏm) gynv¤§v` Beb Iqvwm (123 wn) Lyivmv‡b AvMgb K‡ib| ZLb wKQz gvbyl Zuvi wbKU
mg‡eZ n‡q wdK‡ni wewfbœ wel‡q Zuv‡K cÖkœ K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb: wdK‡ni wel‡q cvi`k©x K‚dvi Ave~ nvbxdv bvgK GK
hyeK| Zviv e‡jb: wZwb †Zv nv`xm Rv‡bb bv| ZLb Bebyj gyevivK e‡jb: Avcbviv wKfv‡e ej‡Qb wZwb nv`xm Rv‡bb bv?
Lyigv †LRy‡ii wewbg‡q MvQ cvKv †LyRi µq Kivi wel‡q Zuv‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb: G‡Z Amyweav †bB| ZLb Zuv‡K
ejv nq, mvÕ` (iv)-Gi nv`x‡m Gi AvcwË i‡q‡Q? wZwb e‡jb: G nv`xmwU kvh (`ye©j); hvB` Avex AvBqv‡ki eY©bv MÖnY
Kiv hvq bv|Õ- G nv`x‡mi GKgvÎ ivex hvB` Beb AvBqvk, wZwb AÁvZcwiPq|- Bebyj gyevivK e‡jb: †h e¨w³ Gfv‡e
mb` hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡i Zuvi wel‡q wKfv‡e ejv hvq †h, wZwb nv`xm Rvb‡Zb bv?Ó 156
D‡jL¨ †h, G welqK nv`xmwU Bgvg gvwjK, Ave~ `vD`, bvmvqx, Beb gvRvn I wZiwghx msKjb K‡i‡Qb| nv`xmwUi
mb‡ì mKj ivex wbf©i‡hvM¨, ïay Zvweqx hvB` Beb AvBqvk Ave~ AvBqvk wKQzUv AcwiwPZ| GRb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv QvovI
cÖwm× hvwnix dKxn Beb nvhg Zuv‡K AÁvZ cwiPq e‡j‡Qb Ges nv`xmwU‡K hqxd e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Avi ïay G ivexi Kvi‡YB
eyLvix I gymwjg nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ib wb| Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, nv`x‡mi mb` hvPvB‡qi †¶‡Î Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi kZ©
A‡bK‡¶‡Î eyLvix I gymwj‡gi k‡Z©i gZB|
Av‡iv j¶Yxq †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖwm×Zg `y QvÎ Ave~ BDmyd I gynv¤§v` G nv`xmwU‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges
UvUKv MvQcvKv †LRy‡ii wewbg‡q Lyigv †LRyi µqweµq wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| 157 G RvZxq nv`x‡mi gvb-wba©vi‡Y
nv`xmZvwË¡Kfv‡e Giƒc gZ‡f` nIqv ¯^vfvweK|
15. 3. gvhnve I ZvKjx`
Avwjg-M‡elK‡ì Rb¨ BRwZnv`x gvmvB‡j Bgv‡gi me K_v wbwe©Pv‡i MÖnY Kiv ev Ôwbwe©Pvi ZvKjx`Õ Kivi e¨vcv‡i †Nvi
AvcwË Ki‡Zb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv| Bgvg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb (158-233 wn) Zuvi ÔZvixLÕ MÖ‡š’ Zuvi D¯—v` Ave~ byAvBg dv`j
Beb `yKvBb (130-218 wn)-Gi wb‡gœi e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
...‫ وﺴﻤﻌت زﻓر ﯿﻘول ﻛﻨﺎ ﻨﺨﺘﻠف إﻟﻰ أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻤﻌﻨﺎ أﺒو ﯿوﺴف وﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن اﻟﺤﺴن ﻓﻛﻨﺎ ﻨﻛﺘب ﻋﻨﻪ‬...‫زﻓر ﺜﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎل ﯿوﻤﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻷﺒﻲ ﯿوﺴف وﯿﺤك ﯿﺎ ﯿﻌﻘوب ﻻ ﺘﻛﺘب ﻛل ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﻤﻊ ﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﻗد أرى اﻟرأي اﻟﯿوم وأﺘرﻛﻪ ﻏدا وأرى‬
‫اﻟرأي ﻏدا وأﺘرﻛﻪ ﺒﻌد ﻏد‬
Òhydvi wbf©i‡hvM¨|... Avwg hydvi‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Avgiv Ave~ nvbxdvi wbKU hvZvqvZ KiZvg, Avgv‡ì mv‡_ Ave~
BDm~d Ges gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvbI _vK‡Zb| ZLb Avgiv Zuvi ejv gvm&Avjv¸‡jv wjLZvg| GKw`b wZwb Ave~ BDm~d‡K
ej‡jb: BqvK‚e, †Zvgvi Kcvj cyo–K! Avgvi †_‡K hv wKQz †kv‡bv me wj‡Lv bv| KviY Avwg AvR GKwU welq mwVK g‡b Kwi
wKš‘ AvMvgxKvj Zv cwiZ¨vM Kwi| Avevi AvMvgxKvj †h gZ MÖnY Kie ciï Zv cwiZ¨vM Kie|Ó 158
Zuvi gZ MÖnY ev ZvKjx` wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ej‡Zb:
‫ﻫذا رأي اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن ﺒن ﺜﺎﺒت ﯿﻌﻨﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ وﻫو أﺤﺴن ﻤﺎ ﻗدرﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﻤن ﺠﺎء ﺒﺄﺤﺴن ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻬو أوﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺼواب‬
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ÒG n‡jv bygvb Beb mvwe‡Zi (A_©vr Zuvi wb‡Ri) gZ| Avgv‡ì ¶gZv I mv‡aï g‡a¨ Avgiv G gZwUB me‡P‡q
fvj e‡j g‡b K‡iwQ| †KD hw` Gi †P‡q fvj gZ w`‡Z cv‡ib Z‡e †mwUB AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ I mwVK e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó159
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎMY e‡j‡Qb †h, gydZx ev Avwj‡gi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv dvZIqv ev gvmAvjvi Rb¨ KziAvb, nv`xm
ev BRwZnv‡ì `jxjwU bv †R‡b ïay dvZIqvi eB †_‡K dvZIqv †Ìqv wbwl×| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb:
‫ﻻ ﯿﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻤن ﻟم ﯿﻌرف دﻟﯿﻠﻲ أن ﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﺒﻛﻼﻤﻲ‬
Ò†h e¨w³ Avgvi `jxj Rv‡b wb Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi e³e¨ ev gvhnve Abymv‡i dvZIqv †Ìqv mwVK bq|Ó160
Bgvg hydvi e‡jb, Avwg Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
‫ﻻ ﯿﺤل ﻟﻤن ﯿﻔﺘﻰ ﻤن ﻛﺘﺒﻲ أن ﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﯿﻌﻠم ﻤن اﯿن ﻗﻠت‬
ÒAvwg †Kvb& `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z Avgvi gZ MÖnY K‡iwQ Zv bv Rvbv ch©š— Avgvi eB †_‡K dvZIqv †Ìqv Kv‡iv Rb¨
nvjvj bq|Ó 161
GRb¨ wZwb Zuvi QvÎ‡ì‡K ej‡Zb:
‫إن ﺘََو ﱠﺠﻪَ ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم َدِﻟﯿ ٌل ﻓَﻘُوﻟُوا ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
ْ
Òhw` †Zvgiv †Kv‡bv `jxj‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j †`L‡Z cvI Z‡e †m `jx‡ji wfwË‡ZB gZ cÖ`vb Ki‡e|Ó 162
mvaviY gvby‡li RbÏ nv`xm ï‡b Zv cvj‡bi wel‡q Bgvg Avhg Zuvi A‡bK Qv‡Îi †P‡q AwaK AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| Avjvgv
Beb byRvBg (970 wn) e‡jb:
ْ ‫َﯿ ْﻌ ِر‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ َوَﻟ ْم‬...‫وم‬ ُ ‫ أَ ْﻓطَ َر اْﻟ َﺤﺎﺠ ُم َواْﻟ َﻤ ْﺤ ُﺠ‬..‫ َ ٕوِا ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻔت َوﻟَﻛ ْن َﺒﻠَ َﻐﻪُ اْﻟ َﺨَﺒ ُر‬.. ‫ ﻓَظَ ﱠن أَﱠﻨﻪُ ُﯿﻔَط ُرﻩُ ﺜُﱠم أَ َﻛ َل‬.. ‫اﺤﺘَ َﺠ َم‬
ْ ‫ﻟَ ْو‬
‫اْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ُل‬ ‫ف؛ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻟَْﯿ َس ﻟِْﻠ َﻌﺎ ﱢﻤ ﱢﻲ‬ َ ‫وﺴ‬ ِ ِ ِ
ُ ‫ب اْﻟ َﻌ َﻤل ﺒِﻪ ﺨﻼﻓًﺎ ﻷَﺒِﻲ ُﯿ‬ ُ ‫اﺠ‬ِ ‫ﯿث و‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ظﺎﻫ َر اْﻟ َﺤد‬
ِ َ ‫َن‬‫اﻟﱠﻨ ْﺴ َﺦ َوﻻ ﺘَﺄ ِْوﯿﻠَﻪُ ﻓَﻼ َﻛﻔﱠ َﺎرةَ َﻋَﻠْﯿ ِﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨ َد ُﻫ َﻤﺎ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬
‫ﯿﻪ ﻤن َﻏ ْﯿ ِر ﺘَ ْﻘﯿِ ٍﯿد ﺒِ َﻤ ْذ َﻫ ٍب‬
ِ ِ‫َن ﻤ ْذﻫب اْﻟﻌﺎ ﱢﻤ ﱢﻲ ﻓَﺘْوى ﻤ ْﻔﺘ‬
ُ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ َ َ ‫ َوﻗَ ْد ُﻋﻠ َم ﻤ ْن ﻫذا أ ﱠ‬...‫ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﺤدﯿث ﻟ َﻌ َدم ﻋْﻠﻤﻪ ﺒِﺎﻟﱠﻨﺎﺴ ِﺦ َواْﻟ َﻤ ْﻨ ُﺴو ِخ‬
Òhw` Giƒc mvaviY gvbyl †ivhv-Ae¯’vq i³‡gv¶Y K‡i ... Z‡e †m hw` Kv‡iv Kv‡Q dvZIqv wRÁvmv bv K‡i, wKš‘
Òi³‡gv¶YKvix I i³‡gv¶YK…‡Zi †ivhv †f‡½ hv‡eÓ- G nv`xmwU †m ï‡b Ges G nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z Zvi †ivhv †f‡½ wM‡q‡Q
†f‡e †m cvbvnvi K‡i Z‡e Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Bgvg gynv¤§v‡ì gZvbymv‡i Zv‡K †Kv‡bv Kvd&dviv w`‡Z n‡e bv| KviY
nv`x‡mi evwn¨K A_© †_‡K hv Rvbv hvq Z`vbymv‡i Avgj Kiv IqvwRe| Bgvg Ave~ BDmy‡di g‡Z Zv‡K Kvd&dviv w`‡Z n‡e;
KviY GKRb Awkw¶Z mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ nv`xm Abymv‡i Avgj Kivi weavb bq; KviY †m GKvwaK nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb&wU
Øviv †KvbwU iwnZ Zv Rv‡b bv|... G †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mvaviY gvby‡li gvhnve n‡jv Zvi gydZxi dvZIqv, G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv
GKwU gvhnve wba©viY cÖ‡qvRbxq bq|Ó 163
D‡jøL¨ †h, GwU mybvbMÖš’¸‡jv‡Z msKwjZ mnxn nv`xm| Gi wecix‡Z eyLvix msKwjZ nv`x‡m Beb AveŸvm (iv) e‡jb:
Òivm~jyjvn () wmqvg Ae¯’vi i³‡gv¶Y K‡ib|Ó164 A_©vr wmqvg Ae¯’vq i³‡gvÿ‡Y wmqvg fv½‡e bv|
jÿYxq †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv G e¨w³i Aciva †MŠY e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e g~jZ GwU Aciva| nv`xmwU mnxn wK bv Ges
Gi wecix‡Z mnxn nv`xm Av‡Q wKbv Zv M‡elYv bv K‡i GKwU nv`xm‡K mnxn ï‡bB MÖnY Kiv gywgb‡K weåvšÍ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wdKnx
gvmAvjvi b¨vq nv`x‡mi gvb wba©vi‡Y AÜ ZvKjxÌ wb›`bxq|
15. 4. cieZ©x hy‡Mi nvbvdx dKxnMY
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi QvÎ I Abymvix‡ì‡K wbwe©Pvi ZvKjx` †_‡K gy³ n‡q `jxjwfwËK
ZvKjx`, `jxj AbymÜvb I `jxj Abymi‡Yi Rb¨ ZvKx` w`‡q‡Qb| ev¯Í‡e Avgiv †`wL †h, Bgv‡gi g‡Zi wecix‡Z wfbœgZ
†cvlY Kivi cÖeYZv nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei g‡a¨ †hfv‡e Av‡Q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gvhnv‡e †miƒc †bB| gvwjKx, kvwdqx I nv¤^vjx gvhnv‡e
Bgv‡gi g‡Zi wecixZ †Kv‡bv gZ gvhnv‡ei AšÍfz©³ †bB| Bgv‡gi GKvwaK g‡Zi g‡a¨ GKwU MÖn‡Yi wel‡q Ges †h wel‡q
Bgv‡gi gZ †bB †m wel‡q G mKj gvhnv‡ei AvwjgMY BRwZnv` K‡i‡Qb| cÿvšÍ‡i nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei cÖ_g K‡qK cÖR‡b¥i
AvwjgMY Bgv‡gi g‡Zi wecix‡Z gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ges Giƒc wfbœgZ‡K gvhnv‡ei AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Qb| KviY Bgvg wb‡RB
Zuv‡ì‡K Giƒc ¯^vaxb BRwZnv` I `jxj wbf©iZv wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| cvkvcvwk Zuviv `wjjwfwËK ZvKjx` mg_©b K‡i‡Qb, `jxj
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bv †R‡b Bgv‡gi gZvbymv‡i dvZIqv cÖ`vb A‰ea e‡j‡Qb Ges mnxn nv`x‡mi Kvi‡Y Bgv‡gi gZ cwiZ¨vM KivI ZvKjx‡ì
Ask e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d, Bgvg hydvi I Ab¨vb¨ dKx‡ni cÖwm× QvÎ, nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei cÖwm× dKxn Bgvg Bmvg Beb
BDm~d Beb gvBg~b evjLx (215 wn)| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﻛﻨت ﻓﻰ ﻤﺄﺘم وﻗد اﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﯿﻪ أرﺒﻌﺔ ﻤن أﺼﺤﺎب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ زﻓر وأﺒو ﯿوﺴف وﻋﺎﻓﯿﺔ وآﺨر ﻓﺄﺠﻤﻌوا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻪ ﻻ ﯿﺤل ﻷﺤد أن ﯿﻔﺘﻲ ﺒﻘوﻟﻨﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﯿﻌﻠم ﻤن أﯿن ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬
ÒAvwg GKwU Rgv‡q‡Z Dcw¯’Z wQjvg, †mLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivw`qvjøvû Avbû-Gi Pvi mv_x Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb:
hydvi, Ave~ BDm~d, Avwdqv I Ab¨ GKRb, Zuviv mK‡j HKgZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡jb †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì e³e¨ †Kvb& `wjj
†_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ †m `wjj bv Rvbv ch©š— Avgv‡ì e³e¨ Abymv‡i dvZIqv †Ìqv Kv‡iv Rb¨ nvjvj bq|Ó 165
Bgv‡gi g‡Zi wecix‡Z `jxj cvIqv †M‡j Zv AbymiY Kivi wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi wb‡`©k cÖm‡½ Avjvgv Beb
Avwe`xb e‡jb:
‫ﺎﺤَﺒ ْﯿ ِن ِﻓﻲ َﻨ ْﺤ ِو ﺜُﻠُ ِث اْﻟ َﻤ ْذ َﻫ ِب‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺼ‬
‫ﺼ َل اْﻟ ُﻤ َﺨﺎﻟَﻔَﺔُ ِﻤ ْن ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ ﻓَ َﺤ‬،‫ﺎن َﻛ َذﻟ َك‬
َ ‫َو َﻛ‬
ÒBgv‡gi G K_vi wfwË‡Z Zuvi QvÎMY Gfv‡eB Pj‡Zb, GKvi‡Y Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d I Bgvg gynv¤§v` gvhnv‡ei cÖvq
wZbfv‡Mi GKfvM gvmAvjv‡Z Bgvg Avh‡gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb|Ó 166
Bgvg Bmvg Beb BDmy‡di m~‡Î Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd, hydvi I Ab¨‡ì e³e¨ Dc‡i D×…Z K‡iwQ| Bgvg Bmvg A‡bK
gvmAvjv‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡Zi wei“‡× gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡K G wel‡q AvcwË Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb:
‫ وﻻ ﯿﺴﻌﻨﺎ أن ﻨﻔﺘﻲ ﺒﻘوﻟﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻟم ﻨﻔﻬم‬،‫ ﻓﺄدرك ﺒﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻟم ﻨدرﻛﻪ‬، ‫ﻷن أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ أوﺘﻲ ﻤن اﻟﻔﻬم ﻤﺎ ﻟم ﻨؤت‬
ÒBgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì gZcv_©K¨ nIqvi KviY Ave~ nvbxdv Ggb Ávb I cvwÊZ¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb hv Avgiv
AR©b Ki‡Z cwi wb| wZwb Zuvi Ávb I cvwÐZ¨ w`‡q hv eyS‡Zb Avgiv Zv eyS‡Z cvwi bv| Avi bv ey‡S Zuvi gZvbymv‡i dvZIqv
†Ìqv Avgv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| (†h wel‡q Bgv‡gi `jxj eyS‡Z cvwi bv †m wel‡q Zuvi g‡Zi wei“‡× dvZIqv cÖ`vb Kwi|)Ó167
Avjvgv Beb byRvBg nvbvdx (926-970 wn) e‡jb:
َ ً‫ َﻗ ْد أَ ْﺸ َﻛ َل َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ َذِﻟ َك ُﻤ ﱠدة‬:‫ت‬
‫ط ِوﯿﻠَ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ َِ ‫َﻋ‬
َ ‫ظم َﻤ َﻊ أَﱠﻨﻬُ ْم ُﻤ َﻘﻠ ُد‬
ُ ‫ون؟ ُﻗْﻠ‬ ْ ‫اﻹ َﻤ ِﺎم اﻷ‬ ِ ‫ﺎء ﺒِ َﻐ ْﯿ ِر ﻗَو ِل‬
ْ
ِ ‫ف َﺠ َﺎز ﻟِْﻠﻤ َﺸﺎﯿِ ِﺦ‬
ُ َ‫اﻹ ْﻓﺘ‬ َ َ ‫ َﻛ ْﯿ‬:‫ت‬َ ‫ﻓَِﺈ ْن ُﻗْﻠ‬
‫َن ُﯿ ْﻔﺘِ َﻲ ﺒِﻘَ ْوﻟَِﻨﺎ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﯿ ْﻌﻠَ َم ِﻤ ْن‬
ْ ‫َﺤٍد أ‬
ِ
َ ‫َﺼ َﺤﺎﺒَِﻨﺎ أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻻ َﯿﺤ ﱡل ﻷ‬
ِ ِ
ْ ‫ َو ُﻫ َو أَﱠﻨﻬُ ْم َﻨ َﻘﻠُوا َﻋ ْن أ‬،‫اﻵن ﻤ ْن َﻛﻼﻤ ِﻬ ْم‬
ِِ
َ ‫َوﻟَ ْم أ ََر ﻓﯿﻪ َﺠ َو ًاﺒﺎ إﻻ َﻤﺎ ﻓَ ِﻬ ْﻤﺘﻪ‬
،‫ﯿل‬ َ ‫ﻼف ﻗَ ْوﻟِ ِﻪ َﻛﺜِ ًﯿرا؛ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻟ ْم َﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ْم اﻟ ﱠدِﻟ‬
ِ ‫ و َﻛﺎن ﯿ ْﻔﺘِﻲ ﺒِ ِﺨ‬،‫ﻺﻤ ِﺎم‬
ُ َ َ َ ِ ‫ﺼ ٍﺎم ﻟ‬
ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫ب ُﻤ َﺨﺎَﻟﻔَﺔ ﻋ‬ ُ ‫َن َﻫ َذا َﺴَﺒ‬ ‫ﱠﺔ أ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫اﺠﯿ‬
ِ ‫أَْﯿ َن ُﻗْﻠَﻨﺎ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ُﻨ ِﻘ َل ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﱢر‬
َ
‫ﯿل َﻏ ْﯿ ُرﻩُ ﻓَُﯿ ْﻔﺘِ َﻲ ﺒِ ِﻪ‬ٌ ِ‫ظﻬَُر ﻟَﻪُ َدﻟ‬ ْ ‫ﺎن َﯿ‬
َ ‫َو َﻛ‬
Òhw` cÖkœ K‡ib, gvhnv‡ei c~e©eZ©x dKxnMY gyKvwj` wQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì Rb¨ Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ ev` w`‡q wecixZ
dvZIqv †Ìqv wKfv‡e êa n‡jv? Gi DË‡i Avwg eje: A‡bK w`b hver welqwU Avgvi g‡b LUKv m„wó K‡i †i‡LwQj|
Avwg Gi †Kv‡bv DËi cvw”Qjvg bv| GLb Avwg Zuv‡ì K_v †_‡K hv eySjvg Zvi g‡a¨ Gi DËi i‡q‡Q| Zvn‡jv, Zuviv
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Avgv‡ì mv_xiv (A_©vr BgvgMY) e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvgiv Avgv‡ì gZ †Kvb& `wjj †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ †m `wjj
bv Rvbv ch©š— Avgv‡ì e³e¨ Abymv‡i dvZIqv †Ìqv Kv‡iv Rb¨ nvjvj bq|Ó wmivwRqv MÖ‡š’ D×„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, G
Kvi‡YB Bgvg Bmvg (Beb BDmyd) Bgvg Avh‡gi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Zb| wZwb A‡bK wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi g‡Zi wei“‡×
dvZIqv w`‡Zb| KviY wZwb Bgvg Avh‡gi `jxj Rvb‡Z cv‡ib wb Ges Zuvi Kv‡Q Ab¨ `jxj †Rviv‡jv e‡j cÖgvwYZ
n‡q‡Q, ZLb wZwb D³ `jxj Abymv‡i dvZIqv w`‡q‡Qb|Ó 168
Bgvg Bmvg Ges Zuvi fvB Beivnxg (229 wn) nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i cÖwm×Zg Bgvg I dKxn| Zu‡ì
wel‡q nvbvdx dKxnMY wj‡L‡Qb:
‫ ﺤﻠﻔت أن ﻻ أﻛﺘب إﻻ‬:‫ ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن داود اﻟﻔرﻋﻲ ﯿﻘول‬...‫ ﻤن أﺼﺤﺎب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،ً‫ﻛﺎن إﺒراﻫﯿم ﺒن ﯿوﺴف ﺸﯿﺨﺎً ﺠﻠﯿﻼً ﻓﻘﯿﻬﺎ‬
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻋﺼﺎم ﺒن‬.‫ اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﻗول وﻋﻤل‬:‫ اﻛﺘب ﻋﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ أﻗول‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ ﻓﺄﺘﯿت إﺒراﻫﯿم ﺒن ﯿوﺴف‬.‫ اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﻗول وﻋﻤل‬:‫ﻋن ﻤن ﯿﻘول‬
‫ وﻛﺎﻨﺎ ﺸﯿﺨﯿن ﻓﻰ زﻤﺎﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﯿر ﻤداﻓﻊ‬.‫ وﻛﺎن إﺒراﻫﯿم ﻻ ﯿرﻓﻊ‬،‫ وﻋﻨد اﻟرﻓﻊ‬،‫ أﺨو إﺒراﻫﯿم ﻫذا ﯿرﻓﻊ ﯿدﯿﻪ ﻋﻨد اﻟرﻛوع‬،‫ﯿوﺴف‬
Beivnxg Beb BDm~d Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Abymvix AZ¨š— eo I gh©v`vm¤úbœ dKxn I kvBL wQ‡jb ... gynv¤§v` Beb `vD`
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dviqx e‡jb, Avwg Kmg K‡iwQjvg †h, †h e¨w³ Cgvb ej‡Z gy‡Li ¯^xK…wZ I Kg© Dfq‡KB eySvq ïay Zvi †_‡KB nv`xm
wk¶v Kie| Avwg hLb Beivnxg Beb BDm~‡di wbKU AvMgb Kijvg ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg Avgvi †_‡K nv`xm wkL‡Z cvi;
KviY Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h, Cgvb n‡jv gy‡Li ¯^xK…wZ I Kg©| Beivnxg Beb BDmy‡di fvB Bmvg Beb BDmyd| Bmvg i“Kz‡Z
Mg‡bi mgq Ges i“Kz †_‡K D‡V ùvov‡bvi mgq n¯—Øq DVv‡Zb (ivdDj Bqv`vBb Ki‡Zb), wKš‘ Zuvi fvB Beivnxg Zv Ki‡Zb
bv| Zuviv `yRb Zuv‡ì hy‡Mi Awemsevw`Z kvBL (nvbvdx dKxn) wQ‡jb|Ó 169
cÖ_g Pvi eiKZgq hy‡Mi c‡i, we‡klZ µz‡mW I ZvZvi hy‡×vËi gymwjg mgvR¸‡jv‡Z gvhnve wel‡q A‡bK †Muvovwg Rb¥
†bq| wKš‘ ZviciI A‡bK nvbvdx dKxn Bgvg Avhg I Zuvi QvÎ‡ì G gZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges mnxn nv`x‡mi mv‡_
wdK‡ni mgš^q‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| Î‡qv`k wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Beb Avwe`xb kvgx (1252 wn)
e‡jb:|
،‫ﻻﺒ ِن اﻟ ﱢﺸ ْﺤَﻨ ِﺔ‬ ْ ‫اْﻟ ِﻬ َد َاﯿ ِﺔ‬ ‫ َﻋ ْن َﺸ ْرِح‬... ُ‫ﯿث ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻤ ْذ َﻫﺒِﻲ َوَﻨ ِظ ُﯿر َﻫ َذا َﻤﺎ َﻨ َﻘﻠَﻪ‬ُ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ اْﻟ َﺤ ِد‬َ َ َ‫اﻹ َﻤ ِﺎم َأﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗ‬
‫ إ َذا‬:‫ﺎل‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ َﻋ ْن‬ َ
‫ُﻤ َﻘﻠﱢ ُدﻩُ َﻋ ْن َﻛ ْوﻨِ ِﻪ َﺤَﻨ ِﻔﯿ�ﺎ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُ ‫ َوَﯿ ُﻛ‬،‫ﺨﻼف اْﻟ َﻤ ْذ َﻫ ِب ُﻋﻤ َل ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﺤدﯿث‬
‫ون َذﻟ َك َﻤ ْذ َﻫَﺒﻪُ َوﻻ َﯿ ْﺨ ُرُج‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺎن َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ َ ‫ﯿث َو َﻛ‬
ِ
ُ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ اْﻟ َﺤد‬ َ ‫ إ َذا‬:ُ‫ﺼﻪ‬ ‫َوَﻨ ﱡ‬
ُ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ اْﻟ َﺤ ِد‬
.‫ﯿث ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻤ ْذ َﻫﺒِﻲ‬ َ ‫ إ َذا‬:‫ﺎل‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ َﻓﻘَ ْد‬،‫ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻌ َﻤل ﺒِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ َﻋ ْﻨﻪُ أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻗ‬
Bgvg Avhg †_‡K mnxn mb‡` cÖgvwYZ, wZwb e‡j‡Qb: hLb †Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn cÖgvwYZ nq ZLb †mwUB Avgvi gvhnve|
Gi bgybv wbgœiƒc: ... (wnRix beg kZ‡Ki mycÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Bgvg gywneŸyÏxb gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb gvng~`
Beb Mvhx nvjvex) Beb wknbvn (804-890 wn) †n`vqv MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨vq (wbnvqvZzb wbnvqvn bvgK MÖ‡š’) e‡jb: Òhw` †Kv‡bv nv`xm
mnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq Ges Zv gvhnv‡ei wecixZ nq Z‡e nv`xm Abymv‡i Kg© Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv-B Bgv‡gi gvhnve e‡j MY¨
n‡e| mnxn nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z gvhnv‡ei wecix‡Z Kg© Kivi Kvi‡Y gyKvwj‡ì ZvKjx` bó n‡e bv Ges Zvi nvbvdx nIqvI bó
n‡e bv| KviY Bgvg †_‡K weï×fv‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb: hLb †Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e ZLb †mwUB
Avgvi gvhnve e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó170
gyKvwjø‡ì Rb¨ nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z wfbœgZ AbymiY cÖm‡½ Avjvgv kvgx e‡jb:
‫طَﺒ ِﺔ َﻋ ْن‬
ْ ‫ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ ﻗَ ﱠد ْﻤَﻨﺎﻩُ ِﻓﻲ اْﻟ ُﺨ‬،‫ص َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ‫ب ﻟِْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺠﺘَ ِﻬ ِد َ ٕوِا ْن ﻟَ ْم ُﯿَﻨ ﱠ‬
ٌ ‫ض ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻤ ْذ َﻫ‬ ِ ‫َن ﻤﺎ ﺼ ﱠﺢ ِﻓ‬
ٍ ‫ﯿﻪ اْﻟ َﺨَﺒ ُر ﺒِﻼ ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺎر‬ ِ ِِ
َ َ ‫َوﻻ ُﺒ ْﻌ َد ﻓﯿﻪ ﻋْﻨ َدَﻨﺎ ﻷ ﱠ‬
‫ﯿث ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻤ ْذ َﻫﺒِﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ اْﻟ َﺤ ِد‬
َ ‫ إ َذا‬:‫ﺎل‬ َ َ‫ف اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻌ َراﻨِ ﱢﻲ َﻋ ْن ُﻛ ﱟل ِﻤ ْن اﻷَﺌِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﻷ َْرَﺒ َﻌ ِﺔ أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗ‬
ِ ‫اْﻟﺤ ِﺎﻓ ِظ ْاﺒ ِن ﻋْﺒ ِد اْﻟﺒ ﱢر واْﻟﻌ ِﺎر‬
َ َ َ َ َ
ÒGiƒc Kiv Avgv‡ì wbKUI ¯^xK…Z| KviY hw` †Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq Ges Zvi wecix‡Z †K‡bv mnxn
nv`xm bv _v‡K Z‡e †m nv`xmwUB gyRZvwn` Bgv‡gi gvhnve e‡j MY¨, hwÌ Bgvg G wel‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz bv e‡j _v‡Kb|
KviY Avgiv f~wgKv‡ZB D‡jL K‡iwQ †h, Pvi gvhnv‡ei Pvi BgvgB e‡j‡Qb: Ò†Kv‡bv nv`xm hLb mnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq
ZLb †mwUB Avgvi gvhnve|Ó nvwdh Beb Avãyj evi&i Ges kvBL m~dx kvÕivbx G e³e¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Bgvg †_‡K D×„Z
K‡i‡Qb|Ó 171
A_©vr †Kv‡bv gyKvwjø` hw` GKwU nv`xm‡K wb‡Ri Aa¨q‡b mnxn e‡j Ges wecix‡Z mnxn nv`xm †bB e‡j wbwðZ nb Z‡e
wZwb D³ we‡kl gvmAvjvq mnxn nv`xm wbf©i gZwU MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc Kiv ZvKjx‡ì cwicš’xb bq|
†hLv‡b nv`xm †bB, wewfbœ gvhnv‡ei BgvgMY BRwZnv‡ì wfwË‡Z gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡bI mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨
†h †Kv‡bv gZ MÖn‡Yi AeKvk i‡q‡Q e‡j †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nvbvdx dKxn D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Kvhv mvjvZ Av`vq cÖm‡½ Avjvgv
Beb byRvBg nvbvdx (970 wn) e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِِ
َ ‫ﺼَر َواْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ِر‬
ُ‫ب َ ٕوِا ْن أَ ْﻓﺘَﺎﻩ‬ َ ‫ﺼﱠرُﺤوا ﺒِﻪ ﻓَِﺈ ْن أَ ْﻓﺘَﺎﻩُ َﺤَﻨﻔ ﱞﻲ أ‬
ْ ‫َﻋ َﺎد اْﻟ َﻌ‬ َ ‫ﱠن ﻓَ َﻤ ْذ َﻫُﺒﻪُ ﻓَﺘْ َوى ُﻤ ْﻔﺘﯿﻪ َﻛ َﻤﺎ‬
ٌ ‫ب ُﻤ َﻌﯿ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎن َﻋﺎ ﱢﻤﯿ�ﺎ ﻟَْﯿ َس ﻟَﻪُ َﻤ ْذ َﻫ‬ َ ‫َ ٕوِا ْن َﻛ‬
‫إﻋ َﺎدةَ َﻋَﻠْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﱢﺤ َﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤ ْذ َﻫ ٍب ُﻤ ْﺠﺘَ ِﻬٍد أ‬ ِ ِ ِ ُ ‫َﺸ ِﺎﻓ ِﻌ ﱞﻲ ﻓَﻼ ُﯿ ِﻌ‬
َ ‫َﺠَأزَﻩُ َوﻻ‬ ‫ف اﻟﺼ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺼ َﺎد‬ َ ‫ﯿد ُﻫ َﻤﺎ َوﻻ ﻋْﺒَرةَ ﺒَِْأرﯿِﻪ َ ٕوِا ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺴﺘَْﻔت أ‬
َ ‫َﺤ ًدا َو‬
ÒmvaviY gvbyl, hvi †Kv‡bv gvhnve †bB, †h gydZx‡K †m cÖkœ K‡i‡Q Zvi gZB Zvi gvhnve| nvbvdx dKxnMY G
welqwU my¯úófv‡e D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB hw` †Kv‡bv nvbvdx dKxn Zv‡K dvZIqv †`b Z‡e Zv‡K †hvni I Avm‡ii
mvjvZ cybivq co‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` †Kv‡bv kvwdqx dKxn Zv‡K dvZIqv †`b Z‡e Zv‡K Zv cybivq Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
GLv‡b Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zi †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB| Avi hw` †m †Kv‡bv dKx‡ni Kv‡Q wRÁvmv bv K‡i Avgj K‡i Ges Zvi Avgj
†Kv‡bv GKwU gvhnve Abymv‡i mwVK e‡j MY¨ nq Zvn‡jI Pj‡e, Zv‡K †Kv‡bv mvjvZ cybivq Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e bv|Ó 172
gvhnve I nv`x‡mi mgš^‡qi wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎ‡ì wb‡`©wkZ G aviv we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb cÖwm×
fviZxq ms¯‹viK, gynvwÏm I nvbvdx dKxn kvn IqvwjDjvn gynvwÏm †`njex (1176 wn/1762L„)| Zuvi e³e¨ Avgiv cieZ©x
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Contents
Aby‡”Q‡` Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjn| Zuvi cyÎ kvn Avãyj Avhxh gynvwÏm †`njexi (1239wn) wkl¨ I Ljxdv (¯’jvwfwl³)
fvi‡Zi mycÖwm× m~dx ms¯‹viK mvB‡q` Avng` †eªjex (1246wn) G cÖm‡½ e‡jb:
ÒAvg‡ji †¶‡Î gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ Pvi gvhnv‡ei AbymiY Kiv LyeB fvj| Z‡e ivm~jyjvn -Gi Bjg‡K GK
e¨w³i Bj‡gi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv Rvbv DwPZ| eis Zuvi Bjg mg¯— RM‡Zi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| mg‡qi Abycv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU
Bjg †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| †h mgq wKZvevw` †jLv n‡q‡Q ZLb G Bj‡gi msKjb cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| myZivs †h gvmAvjvi e¨vcv‡i mnxn,
my¯úó I MvBi gvbm~L (A-iwnZ) nv`xm cvIqv hv‡e †m gvmAvjvq †Kv‡bv gyRZvwn‡ì AbymiY Ki‡e bv| Avn‡j nv`xm
(gynvwÏmMY)-†K wb‡Ri †bZv †R‡b Aš—i †_‡K Zuv‡ì gneŸZ Ki‡e| Zuv‡ì m¤§vb Kiv‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ Ri“ix g‡b Ki‡e|
†Kbbv Ggb e¨w³ cqM¤î ()-Gi Bjg enbKvix| Gfv‡e †m Zuvi mvnPh© jvf K‡i Zuvi wbKU gKeyj n‡q wM‡q‡Q| Avi
gyKvwj`MY †Zv gyRZvwn‡ì m¤§vb I gh©v`v fvjiƒ‡cB Rv‡b| Zv‡ì mveavb Kievi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|Ó 173
mvB‡q` Avng` †eªjexi QvÎ evsjvi mycÖwm× ms¯‹viK I nvbvdx dKnx gvIjvbv KvivgZ Avjx †RŠbcyix (1289wn/
1872L„) e‡jb: Ògywk©‡` einK nhiZ mv‡q¨` Avng` (Kz. i“)-Gi Rvgvbvq `yB cÖKv‡ii †jvK wQj| GK cÖKvi hvnviv Gj‡g
nv`x‡mi wk¶v †Ìqv I wk¶v Kiv‡K Ab_©K g‡b KwiZ Ges Dnvi †Kvb g~j¨ eywSZ bv| Avi wØZxq cÖKv‡ii †jvK wQj hvnviv
†dKvni Dci Avgj Kiv Ges wbw`©ó GK e¨w³i AbymiY Kiv‡K A¯^xKvi KwiZ Ges GB Pvi gvhnve‡K †eÀvZ ewjZ| Kv‡RB
Dfq `j‡K eySvBevi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ggb ÁvbMf© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv‡Z Dfq `j g›` bv e‡j Ges wb‡R‡ì evûj¨ K_v nB‡Z
wdwiqv Avwmqv Avn‡j mybœvZzj Rvgv‡Zi AvwK`v (wek¦vm) Abyhvqx wb‡R‡ì AvwK`v‡K wVK Kwiqv †bq| GB K_vi mg_©‡b Avwg
(mvB‡q` Avng` †eªjex iwPZ) Ô‡mivZzj †gv¯—vwKgÕ wKZv‡ei wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡ì cÖ_g †n`v‡q‡Zi Z…Zxq fywgKvi
eY©bv wjwLqv w`‡ZwQ, gb w`qv †kvb| Ôkixq‡Zi ûKzg AvnKvg Avgj Kwievi g‡a¨ Pvi gvhnv‡ei AbyKiY Kiv mg¯— gymjgvb‡ì
g‡a¨ cÖPjb Av‡Q| wKš‘ Cgv‡bi g‡a¨ ZvKjx` (A‡bï AbymiY) Rv‡qh bq eis m„wóKZ©v‡K wb‡R eywSqv mywSqv wek¦vm Kiv
Cgv‡bi kZ©| †h wb‡R †gvRZv‡n` bq Ggb e¨w³i Avg‡ji g‡a¨ †Kvb GK †gvRZv‡n‡ì wK¤^v wbw`©ó Pvi gvhnv‡ei GK
gvhnv‡ei Abymvix nIqv Rv‡qh Av‡Q| Zvnviv wbR wbR Bgv‡gi gvhnv‡ei ZvKjx` Kwi‡Z‡Q Ges Ab¨ Bgv‡gi gvhnv‡ei
ZvKjx`‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i bv Ges GB Pvi gvhnve e¨ZxZ cÂg gvhnve‡K nK ev mZ¨ ewjqv Rv‡b bv Ges cÂg gvhnv‡ei
ZvKjx`‡K Rv‡qh g‡b K‡i bv| †gvU K_v, †h †gvRZv‡n` bq Zvnvi Rb¨ GBiƒc ZvKjx` fvj| ZvKjx` Avm‡j im~jyjvn -
Gi Zv‡e`vix, wKš‘ hvnvi GR‡Znv` (cÖ‡Póv) Kivi ¶gZv Av‡Q †m cqM¤î ()-Gi †gvRZv‡n`M‡Yi g‡a¨ ïay GKR‡bi
G‡j‡gi Dci wbR‡K mxgve× ivwL‡e bv; †Kbbv Bnv‡Z Ab¨ gvhnve ev‡Zj nIqv eySv hvq, †h‡nZy Gj‡g beex mg¯— Av‡jg‡ì
g‡a¨B we¯—vi jvf Kwiqv‡Q| mg‡qi Pvwn`vi Abycv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU G‡jg †cuŠwQqv‡Q| †h mgq ûRyi () ÔidvBqv`vBbÕ
Kwi‡Zb H mg‡qi nv`xm Bgvg kvdx (in)-Gi wbKU †cuŠwQqv‡Q| cieZ©x mg‡q nv`x‡mi wKZvevw` †jLv nBqv‡Q Ges Dnv‡Z
mg¯— G‡jg GKÎxKiY Kiv nBqv‡Q| myZivs †h gvmAvjvi e¨vcv‡i mnxn nv`xm cvIqv hvq Ges hvnvi A_© cwi¯‹vi eySv hvq
Ges Dnv wejyßK…Z bq Ges A‡bï wbKU †kvbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, eis †m wb‡RB mnxn, Mv‡qi gvbmyL (wejyßK…Z bq) BZ¨vw`
eywS‡Z cv‡i, Zvnvi Rb¨ †mB gvmAvjvi e¨vcv‡i Kvnv‡iv AbymiY Kwievi cÖ‡qvRb bvB| †Kbbv †mB gvmAvjvi g‡a¨ †m wb‡RB
†gvRZv‡n`| Avi †gvRZv‡n‡ì Rb¨ A‡bï AbyKiY Kiv Rv‡qh bq| GB Rvgvbvq Ggb A‡bK e¨w³ Av‡Q †h Avn‡j nv`xm‡K
wb‡Ri †bZv ev cwiPvjK ewjqv gv‡b Ges g‡b cÖv‡Y Zvnvi cÖwZ gneŸZ iv‡L Ges Zvnvi m¤§vb Kiv‡K Ri“ix g‡b K‡i| †Kbbv
Ggb e¨w³ cqM¤î ()-Gi G‡j‡gi AvgjKvix Ges †Kvb cÖKv‡i cqMv¤î ()-Gi eÜzZ¡ jvf Kwiqv Rbv‡e im~jyjvni ()
ˆbKU¨ nv‡Qj Kwi‡Z Pvq| Avi †gvKv‡j`MY †gvRZv‡n‡ì m¤§vb I gh©v`v fvjiƒ‡cB Rv‡b| Zvnv‡ì mveavb Kwievi cÖ‡qvRb
nq bv|Ó174
cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Avãyj nvB jvLbex (1304 wn) mnxn nv`x‡mi Kvi‡Y Bgv‡gi gZ cwiZ¨vM Kiv‡KB cÖK…Z
ZvKjx` AvL¨vwqZ K‡i e‡jb:
‫طﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻗد ﺘﻌﺼﺒوا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﺘﻌﺼﺒﺎ ﺸدﯿدا واﻟﺘزﻤوا ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى اﻟﺘزاﻤﺎ ﺴدﯿدا ٕوان وﺠدوا ﺤدﯿﺜﺎ ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺎ أو أﺜ ار ﺼرﯿﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻓﻪ وزﻋﻤوا أﻨﻪ ﻟو ﻛﺎن ﻫذا اﻟﺤدﯿث ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺎ ﻷﺨذ ﺒﻪ ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟﻤذﻫب وﻟم ﯿﺤﻛم ﺒﺨﻼﻓﻪ وﻫذا ﺠﻬل ﻤﻨﻬم ﺒﻤﺎ روﺘﻪ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت ﻋن أﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻤن ﺘﻘدﯿم اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث واﻵﺜﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗواﻟﻪ اﻟﺸرﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﺘرك ﻤﺎ ﺨﺎﻟف اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ رأي ﺴدﯿد وﻫو ﻋﯿن ﺘﻘﻠﯿد اﻹﻤﺎم ﻻ ﺘرك اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿد‬
ÒGK`j gvbyl nvbvdx nIqvi wel‡q cÖPÊ †Muvovwg K‡i‡Qb| mnxn †Kv‡bv nv`xm ev mvnvex-Zvweqxi gZ †c‡jI Zvi
wecix‡Z dvZIqv-gvmvB‡j hv †c‡q‡Qb Zv ûeû AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Zviv aviYv K‡ib †h, G nv`xm hw` mnxn n‡Zv Z‡e
gvhnv‡ei Bgvg Zv MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges Gi wecix‡Z gZ w`‡Zb bv| GwU Zv‡ì AÁZvi Kvi‡Y| Bgv‡gi K_vi Dc‡i nv`xm‡K
AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqvi wel‡q Bgv‡gi wb‡Ri e³e¨ m¤ú‡K© AÁZvi Kvi‡YB Zviv Giƒc K‡i‡Qb| wbf©i‡hvM¨ eY©bvKvixMY Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †h, mnxn nv`xm I Avmvi‡K Zuvi e³‡eï Dc‡i AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ mnxn nv`x‡mi
wecixZ mewKQz cwiZ¨vM Kiv mwVK gZ| Avi nv`x‡mi Kvi‡Y Bgv‡gi gZ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡j ZvKjx` cwiZ¨vM Kiv nq bv; eis
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Giƒc KivB Bgv‡gi cÖK…Z ZvKjx`|Ó175
Avãyj nv&B jvLbex Av‡iv e‡jb:
‫واﻋﻠم أﻨﻪ ﻗد ﻛﺜر اﻟﻨﻘل ﻋن اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وأﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺒل وﻋن ﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻫﺘداء إﻟﻰ ﺘرك آراﺌﻬم إذا وﺠد ﻨص ﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ ﻻ ﯿﺤل ﻷﺤد أن ﯿﺄﺨذ ﺒﻘوﻟﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻟم ﯿﻌرف ﻤﺄﺨذﻩ ﻤن اﻟﻛﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﺔ أو‬:‫ ﻗﺎل إﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ اﻷﻋظم‬: ...‫ وﻗﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺎري‬.‫ﺼرﯿﺢ ﻤﺨﺎﻟف ﻷﻗواﻟﻬم‬
‫ ٕواذا ﻋرﻓت ﻫذا ﻓﺎﻋﻠم أﻨﻪ ﻟو ﻟم ﯿﻛن ﻟﻺﻤﺎم ﻨص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤرام ﻟﻛﺎن ﻤن اﻟﻤﺘﻌﯿن ﻋﻠﻰ أﺘﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬.‫إﺠﻤﺎع اﻷﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ وﻛذا ﻟو ﺼﺢ ﻋن اﻹﻤﺎم ﻨﻔﻲ اﻹﺸﺎرة وﺼﺢ إﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋن ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟﺒﺸﺎرة‬. ‫ أن ﯿﻌﻤﻠوا ﺒﻤﺎ ﺼﺢ ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬-‫ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋن اﻟﻌوام‬-‫اﻟﻛرام‬
‫ اﻟﻔروع اﻟﻤذﻛورة ﻓﻲ‬: ‫ ﻓﺒﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذا أﻤﻛن ﻟﻨﺎ أن ﻨورد ﺘﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎ آﺨر ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻨﻘول‬...  ‫ﻓﻼ ﺸك ﻓﻲ ﺘرﺠﯿﺢ اﻟﻤﺜﺒت اﻟﻤﺴﻨد إﻟﻰ رﺴول اﷲ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﻤواﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻸﺼول اﻟﺸرﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺼوﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻵﯿﺎت أو اﻟﺴﻨن اﻟﻨﺒوﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻤواﻓﻘﺔ ﻹﺠﻤﺎع اﻷﻤﺔ أو‬:‫ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬:‫اﻟﻛﺘب ﻋﻠﻰ طﺒﻘﺎت‬
.‫ﻗﯿﺎﺴﺎت أﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺔ ﻤن ﻏﯿر أن ﯿظﻬر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻨص ﺸرﻋﻲ ﺠﻠﻲ أو ﺨﻔﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﺘﻲ دﺨﻠت ﻓﻲ أﺼول ﺸرﻋﯿﺔ ودﻟت ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﺒﻌض آﯿﺎت أوأﺤﺎدﯿث ﻨﺒوﯿﺔ ﻤﻊ ورود ﺒﻌض آﯿﺎت داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻛﺴﻪ‬:‫واﻟﺜﺎﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫وأﺤﺎدﯿث ﻨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﻟﻛن دﺨوﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺼول ﻤن طرﯿق أﺼﺢ وأﻗوى وﻤﺎ ﯿﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ ورودﻩ ﻤن ﺴﺒﯿل أﻀﻌف وأﺨﻔﻰ وﺤﻛم ﻫذﯿن اﻟﻘﺴﻤﯿن‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻲ دﺨﻠت ﻓﻲ أﺼول ﺸرﻋﯿﺔ ﻤﻊ ورود ﻤﺎ ﯿﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺒطرق ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻗوﯿﺔ واﻟﺤﻛم ﻓﯿﻪ ﻟﻤن‬:‫ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬.‫ﻫو اﻟﻘﺒول ﻛﻤﺎ دل ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻘول واﻟﻤﻨﻘول‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟم ﯿﺴﺘﺨرج إﻻ‬:‫ واﻟراﺒﻌﺔ‬.‫أوﺘﻲ اﻟﻌﻠم واﻟﺤﻛﻤﺔ اﺨﺘﯿﺎر اﻷرﺠﺢ ﺒﻌد وﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻨظر ودﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻛرة وﻤن ﻟم ﯿﺘﯿﺴر ﻟﻪ ذﻟك ﻓﻬو ﻤﺠﺎز ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟك‬
.‫ﻤن اﻟﻘﯿﺎس وﺨﺎﻟﻔﻪ دﻟﯿل ﻓوﻗﻪ ﻏﯿر ﻗﺎﺒل ﻟﻼﻨدراس وﺤﻛﻤﻪ ﺘرك اﻷدﻨﻰ واﺨﺘﯿﺎر اﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻫو ﻋﯿن اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿد ﻓﻲ ﺼورة ﺘرك اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿد‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟم ﯿدل ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ دﻟﯿل ﺸرﻋﻲ ﻻ ﻛﺘﺎب وﻻ ﺤدﯿث وﻻ إﺠﻤﺎع وﻻ ﻗﯿﺎس ﻤﺠﺘﻬد ﺠﻠﻲ أو ﺨﻔﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﺼراﺤﺔ وﻻ ﺒﺎﻟدﻻﻟﺔ ﺒل‬:‫واﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻤن ﻤﺨﺘرﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨرﯿن اﻟذﯿن ﯿﻘﻠدون طرق آﺒﺎﺌﻬم وﻤﺸﺎﯿﺨﻬم اﻟﻤﺘﻘدﻤﯿن وﺤﻛﻤﻪ اﻟطرح واﻟﺠرح ﻓﺎﺤﻔظ ﻫذا اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿل ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻗل ﻤن اطﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺒﺈﻫﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻀل ﻛﺜﯿر ﻋن ﺴواء اﻟﺴﺒﯿل‬
Ò†R‡b ivL! Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi m½x‡ì †_‡K, eis mKj Bgvg †_‡K eû m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, hw` †Kv‡bv my¯úó
mnxn nv`xm Zuv‡ì g‡Zi wecix‡Z cvIqv hvq Z‡e Zuv‡ì gZ ev` w`‡Z n‡e| †gvjv Avjx Kvix e‡jb: ÔAvgv‡ì Bgvg Avhg
e‡j‡Qb: ÔKv‡iv Rb¨ Avgv‡ì gZ MÖnY Kiv êa bq; hZ¶Y bv †m D³ gvmAvjv‡Z Avgv‡ì g‡Zi `jxj KziAvb, mybœvn, BRgv
ev my¯úó wKqvm †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|Õ Bgvg Avh‡gi G K_vi wfwË‡Z †Zvgv‡K eyS‡Z n‡e †h, †Kv‡bv wel‡q hw` Bgv‡gi †Kv‡bv
gZ ewY©Z bv _v‡K Z‡e Bgv‡gi Abymvix gyKvwj` Avwjg I mvaviY gvbyl mK‡ji mywbwðZ `vwqZ¡ ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K ewY©Z
mnxn nv`xm Abymv‡i Kg© Kiv| Avi hw` Bgvg †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h, wZwb (Zvkvn&n~‡ì mgq) Bkviv Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘
Gi wecix‡Z ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h wZwb Bkviv K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e wbtm‡›`‡n ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K ewY©Z gZwUB
AMÖvwaKvi jvf Ki‡e|Õ... jvLbex e‡jb, Dc‡ii G e¨vL¨vi wfwË‡Z Avgiv gvhnv‡ei gvmvAvjv¸‡jv‡K wbgœiƒc web¨vm Ki‡Z
cvwi| gvhnv‡ei wdKnx MÖš’¸wj‡Z msKwjZ gvm&Avjv¸‡jv K‡qKwU ch©v‡qi:
cÖ_gZ: kixq‡Zi g~jwfwË KziAv‡bi AvqvZ ev nv`x‡m beexi e³‡eï mv‡_, A_ev D¤§v‡Zi BRgv ev BgvgM‡Yi
wKqv‡mi mv‡_ mymgÄm gvmAvjv, hvi wecix‡Z my¯úó ev A¯úó nv`xm ev Ôbm&Õ †bB|
wØZxqZ: kixq‡Zi g~jwfwËi Aš—f©y³ gvmvBj, †h¸‡jvi c‡¶ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ ev nv`x‡m beexi cÖgvY i‡q‡Q, wKš‘
G¸‡jvi wecix‡ZI wKQz AvqvZ ev nv`xm i‡q‡Q| Z‡e G mKj gvmvB‡ji c‡¶i AvqvZ ev nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv AwaK mnxn I
AwaK kw³kvjx, c¶vš—‡i G¸‡jvi wecixZ AvqvZ ev nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv A‡c¶vK…Z `ye©j I A¯úó| Dc‡ii `y ch©v‡qi gvhnvex
gvmvB‡ji weavb n‡jv, G¸‡jv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| KziAvb-mybœvn I eyw×-we‡eK meB Zv wb‡`©k K‡i|
Z…ZxqZ: kixq‡Zi g~jwfwËi Aš—f©y³ gvmvBj| wKš‘ G¸wji wecixZ `jxjI mnxn I kw³kvjx mb‡` ewY©Z| Giƒc
gvmvB‡ji weavb n‡jv, hvi Bjg I cÖÁv Av‡Q wZwb we¯—vwiZfv‡e Ges Mfxifv‡e G¸wj Aa¨qb Ki‡eb Ges AwaKZi kw³kvjx
gZwU MÖnY Ki‡eb| Avi †h e¨w³ Giƒc M‡elYvq A¶g Zvi Rb¨ Giƒc wel‡q gvhnv‡ei gZwU MÖn‡Yi Aby‡gv`b i‡q‡Q|
PZz_©Z: †h mKj gvmvBj ïay wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †m¸wji wecix‡Z wKqv‡mi E‡aŸ©i wPiš—b †Kv‡bv
`jxj (AvqvZ ev nv`xm) we`¨gvb| G mKj gvmvB‡ji weavb n‡jv, wbgœgv‡bi (wKqvm wfwËK) gZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i D”Pgv‡bi
(nv`xm wfwËK) gZ MÖnY Kiv| welqwU evn¨Z ZvKjx` cwiZ¨vM Kiv e‡j g‡b n‡jI, Zv ZvKjx` cwiZ¨vM bq, eis GwUB n‡jv
cÖK…Z ZvKjx`|
cÂgZ: Ggb wKQz gvmvBj gvhnv‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi c‡¶ KziAvb, nv`xm, BRgv, ev †Kv‡bv gyRZvwn‡ì my¯úó ev
A¯úó †Kv‡bv wKqvm we`¨gvb †bB, my¯úófv‡e ev cÖvmw½fv‡e †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zv kixq‡Zi G mKj `jxj Øviv cÖgvwYZ bq| eis
G¸‡jv cieZ©x hy‡Mi gvbyl‡ì Avwe®‹vi gvÎ, hviv Zv‡ì wcZv-wcZvgn I kvBL-gvkvBL‡ì AÜ AbymiY K‡ib| G mKj
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Contents
gvmvB‡ji weavb n‡jv G¸wj cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G¸wji Î“wU eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e|
jvLbex e‡jb, G we‡klYwU fvjK‡i AvqZ¡ Kiæb| KviY Lye Kg gvbylB GwU ey‡Sb Ges GwU bv eySvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB
weåvš— I c_åó n‡q‡Qb|Ó176
D‡jL¨ †h, Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei dKxnMYI K‡qK kZvãx ch©š— cÖk¯—Zv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| ZvKjx‡ì cvkvcvwk nv`xm
AbymiY ev gZ‡f`xq gvmAvjvq wfbœ gvhnve Abymi‡Yi êaZv w`‡q‡Qb Zuviv| cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg beex (676
wn) ÒAvj-gvRg~Ó bvgK kvwdqx wdK‡ni cÖwm× MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb:
ِ ‫ك ا ْﻟَﺒ‬
‫ﺎب‬ َ ِ‫طﻠَﻘًﺎ أ َْو ِﻓﻲ َذﻟ‬ ِ ‫اﻻﺠﺘِﻬ ِﺎد ِﻓ‬
ْ ‫ﯿﻪ ُﻤ‬ َ ْ ‫آﻻت‬ ُ ‫ت‬ ْ َ‫إن َﻛ ُﻤﻠ‬ْ ‫ف َﻤ ْذ َﻫَﺒﻪُ َﻨظَ َر‬ُ ِ‫ﱠﺔ َﺤ ِدﯿﺜًﺎ ُﯿ َﺨﺎﻟ‬
ِ ‫ ﻓَﻤن وﺠ َد ِﻤن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِﺎﻓ ِﻌﯿ‬:‫ﻗَﺎ َل اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﯿ ُﺦ أَﺒو ﻋﻤ ٍرو‬
َ ََ َ َْ ُ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫ َ ٕوِا ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﻛ ُﻤ ْل َو َﺸق َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ ُﻤ َﺨﺎﻟَﻔَﺔُ ا ْﻟ َﺤدﯿث َﺒ ْﻌ َد أ‬.‫اﻻﺴﺘِ ْﻘ َﻼ ُل ﺒﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤل ﺒﻪ‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُ‫ث َﻓﻠَ ْم َﯿﺠ ْد ﻟ ُﻤ َﺨﺎﻟَﻔَﺘﻪ َﻋﻨﻪُ َﺠ َو ًاﺒﺎ َﺸﺎﻓًﯿﺎ َﻓﻠَﻪ‬
َ ‫َن َﺒ َﺤ‬ ْ ُ‫ﺎن ﻟَﻪ‬
َ ‫أ َْو ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺴﺄَﻟَﺔ َﻛ‬
‫ و َﻫ َذا اﻟﱠِذي ﻗَﺎﻟَﻪ ﺤﺴ ٌن ﻤﺘَﻌﯿ ٌ ﱠ‬.‫ﺎﻤ ِﻪ ُﻫَﻨﺎ‬ ِ ‫إن َﻛﺎن ﻋ ِﻤ َل ﺒِ ِﻪ إﻤﺎم ﻤﺴﺘَِﻘ ﱞل َﻏ ْﯿر اﻟ ﱠﺸ ِﺎﻓ ِﻌ ﱢﻲ وﯿ ُﻛون َﻫ َذا ﻋ ْذ ار ﻟَﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﺘَرِك ﻤ ْذ َﻫ ِب إﻤ‬ ِ
ُ‫ﱠن َواَﻟﻠﻪ‬ َ ُ ََ ُ َ َ َ ْ ُ ً ُ ُ ََ َ ُْ ٌَ َ َ ْ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ُل ﺒِﻪ‬
‫َﻋﻠَ ُم‬
ْ‫أ‬
ÒkvBL Ave~ Avgi Bebym mvjvn (643 wn) e‡jb: hw` †Kv‡bv kvwdqx gyKvwj` GKwU nv`x‡mi mÜvb cvb hv Zvi
gvhnv‡ei we‡ivax Zvn‡j †`L‡Z n‡e, hw` wZwb c~Y©fv‡e A_ev ïay GKwU we‡kl Aa¨v‡q ev ïay GKwU we‡kl gvmAvjv‡Z
BRwZnv` Ki‡Z mÿg nb Z‡e wZwb G nv`xmwU MÖnY I cvjb Ki‡eb| Avi hw` Zvi †Kv‡bviƒc BRwZnv`-M‡elYv Kivi
¶gZv bv _‡K, wKš‘ nv`xmwUi we‡ivwaZv Kiv Zvi Rb¨ KóKi nq Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡ÎI wZwb gvhnve eR©b K‡i nv`xmwU cvjb
Ki‡eb, hw` (`ywU kZ© c~iY nq): (1) nv`xmwU eR©b Kivi c‡¶ MÖnY‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv DËi wZwb Luy‡R bv cvb Ges (2) Bgvg
kvwdqx nv`xmwU MÖnY bv Ki‡jI Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gyRZvwn` Bgvg D³ nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| G gvmAvjvq Bgv‡gi gvhnv‡ei
evB‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ nv`xmwU Zvi IRi wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|Õ Bgvg beex e‡jb: G K_vwU my›ì I GwUB GKgvÎ wbwðZ
welq|Ó 177
15. 5. µ‡mW-ZvZvi hy‡×vËi hy‡Mi Ae¯’v
Dc‡ii D×„wZ¸‡jv †_‡K Avgiv wKqvm, nv`xm, gvhnve BZ¨vw` wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv, Zuvi QvÎMY I cÖwm× nvbvdx
dKxnM‡Yi e³e¨ Rvb‡Z cvijvg| G¸wj wbwðZ K‡i †h, Zuv‡ì wei“‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM wfwËnxb| Z‡e wnRix cÂg-mßg
kZ‡K µz‡mW hy‡× weaŸ¯— Ges Gici 7g wnRix kZvãx‡Z ZvZvi Avµg‡Y weaŸ¯— I wQbœwfbœ 178 gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡Z Bjg PP©v
¯’wei n‡q hvq| ivóªxq c„ó‡cvlKZv I mvgvwRK mg_©b LyeB K‡g hvq| G mg‡q gymwjg we‡k¦ ÁvbPP©vq ¯’weiZv Av‡m| G mKj
hy‡MI A‡bK cÖvÁ Avwjg wQ‡jb| Z‡e AwaKvsk AvwjgB ÁvbMZ ˆ`‡b¨ wbcwZZ nb| G mg‡q A‡bK nvbvdx dKxn Ggb me
gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb hv nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei G †gŠwjK welqwU‡K AÜKviv”Qbœ K‡i Ges we‡ivax‡ì AccÖPvi‡K kw³kvjx K‡i| mKj
gvhnv‡eiB GKB Ae¯’v n‡q hvq|
G hy‡Mi dKxnMY BgvgM‡Yi K_v I kZkZ ermi c‡ii dKxn‡ì K_v meB ÒBgv‡gi gvhnveÓ e‡j Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb|
eis Bgvg‡ì K_vi †P‡q cieZ©x dKxn‡ì K_vB †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z _v‡K| GQvov gymZvnve ch©v‡qi gZ‡f`‡K Zviv nvjvj-
nvivg evwb‡q †d‡jb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎMY e‡j‡Qb †h, gydZxi Rb¨ Bgv‡gi g‡Zi `jxj bv
†R‡b dvZIqv †Ìqv nvivg| K‡qK kZ ermi c‡i †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg ej‡jb, `jxj bv Rvb‡jI dvZIqv †Ìqv Rv‡qh n‡Z
cv‡i| Av‡iv K‡qK kZ ermi c‡i †KD †KD ej‡Z jvM‡jb: gyKvwj` ev gvhnve Abymvixi Rb¨ `jxj RvbvB nvivg!! G cÖm‡½
cÖwm× ZzwK© nvbvdx dKxn gynv¤§v` cxi Avjx eviKvex (981 wn)-Gi e³‡eï e¨vL¨vq gynv¤§v` gymZvdv ûmvBbx Lv`gx nvbvdx
(1176 wn) e‡jb:
‫ إذا ﺘﻌﺎرض اﻟﻨص وﻗول اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﯿؤﺨذ ﺒﻘول اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء إذ ﯿﺤﺘﻤل ﻛون اﻟﻨص‬...‫دﻟﯿل اﻟﻤﻘﻠد ﻗول اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻬد ﻻ اﻟﻨﺼوص‬
‫اﺠﺘﻬﺎدﯿﺎ وﻟﻪ ﻤﻌﺎرض ﻗوي وﺘﺄوﯿل وﺘﺨﺼﯿص وﻨﺎﺴﺦ وﻏﯿرﻫﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﯿﺨﺘص ﺒﻤﻌرﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻬد‬
ÒKziAvb-nv`xm gyKvwj‡ì `jxj bq, gyKvwj‡ì `jxj n‡jv gyRZvwn‡ì K_v! ... hw` KziAvb nv`x‡mi my¯úó K_v
dKxn‡ì K_vi wecixZ nq Z‡e dKxn‡ì K_v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e!!! KviY n‡Z cv‡i †h, KziAvb-nv`x‡mi K_vwU
BRwZnv`x! Gi wecix‡Z †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx `jxj ev e¨vL¨v Av‡Q hv nqZ gyRZvwn` Rvb‡Zb!!!Ó 179
Kx `yf©vM¨RbK K_v! wb‡R‡ì AÁZv XvK‡Z Zviv G mKj m¤¢vebv w`‡q nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv evwZj Ki‡Qb, A_P
Abyiƒc wKQz m¤¢vebv w`‡q Bgv‡gi K_v evwZj Ki‡Z ivwR bb! G †Zv mvaviY gyL© gvbyl‡ì K_v| Avwjg ev gydZxi Rb¨
†Zv dih `vwqZ¡ G m¤¢vebv¸‡jv wbwðZ Kiv| wZwb Zuvi Bgv‡gi `jxj Rvb‡eb, eyS‡eb I cÖgvY Ki‡eb| wewfbœ m¤¢vebv
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‫‪Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi‬‬

‫‪w`‡q nv`xm evwZj Kivi †P‡q wewfbœ m¤¢vebv w`‡q dKx‡ni K_v evwZj Kiv wK mnRZi bq? nqZ dKxn nv`xmwU‬‬
‫|‪Rvb‡Zb bv, nqZ Zuvi BRwZnv`x fyj n‡qwQj...‬‬
‫‪Bgvg Avhg ej‡Qb, Avgvi g‡Zi `jxj bv Rvb‡j Zzwg Zv AbymiY Ki‡e bv, eis Zzwg †h `jxjwU †R‡bQ Zv AbymiY‬‬
‫‪Ki‡e| Avgvi g‡Zi wecix‡Z `jxj cÖgvwYZ n‡j Zv AbymiY Ki‡e| Avi Giv ej‡Qb †h, Bgv‡gi g‡Zi `jxj RvbvI †Zvgvi‬‬
‫‪Rb¨ wbwl×! nv`xm gvbvI †Zvgvi Rb¨ wbwl×!! AvgivI †Zvgv‡K Zuvi g‡Zi `jxjwU Luy‡R w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bB| eis Avgiv ÔBgv‡gi‬‬
‫!!!‪gZÕ e‡j †h K_vwU †Zvgv‡K Rvbvw”Q Zv AÜfv‡e AbymiY Kiv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ dih‬‬
‫‪G mKj hy‡Mi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© kvn IqvwjDjvn (1176wn) e‡jb:‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺸﺄت ﺒﻌدﻫم ﻗرون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿد اﻟﺼرف ﻻ ﯿﻤﯿزون اﻟﺤق ﻤن اﻟﺒﺎطل وﻻ اﻟﺠدل ﻋن اﻻﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎط ‪ ...‬وﻟم ﯿﺄت ﻗرن ﺒﻌد ذﻟك إﻻ‬
‫وﻫو أﻛﺜر ﻓﺘﻨﺔ وأوﻓر ﺘﻘﻠﯿدا وأﺸد اﻨﺘزاﻋﺎ ﻟﻼﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﻤن ﺼدور اﻟرﺠﺎل ﺤﺘﻰ اطﻤﺄﻨوا ﺒﺘرك اﻟﺨوض ﻓﻲ أﻤر اﻟدﯿن وﺒﺄن ‪ -‬ﯿﻘوﻟوا إﻨﺎ وﺠدﻨﺎ‬
‫آﺒﺎءﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻤﺔ ٕواﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺜﺎرﻫم ﻤﺘﻘدون ‪ٕ -‬واﻟﻰ اﷲ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻛﻰ وﻫو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎن وﺒﻪ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺘﻛﻼن‪.‬‬
‫‪ÒZv‡ì cieZ©x cÖRb¥¸‡jv XvjvI AÜ ZvKjx‡ì Dc‡i jvwjZ n‡Z jvMj| Zviv nK¡ I evwZ‡ji g‡a¨ Ges weZK© I‬‬
‫`‡‪Bjgx M‡elYvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ eyS‡Zv bv| ...cÖ‡Z¨K cieZ©x cÖRb¥ Zvi c~‡e©i cÖRb¥ †_‡K AwaKZi wdZbvMÖ¯— Ges ZvKjx‬‬
‫‪Avµvš— n‡Z jvMj| Gfv‡e gvby‡li ü`q †_‡K Zviv AvgvbZ wQwb‡q wb‡Z jvMj| †kl ch©š— Zviv `x‡bi wel‡q M‡elYv‬‬
‫‪†Q‡o w`j Ges (KziAv‡bi fvlvq cÖvPxb Kvwdi‡ì gZ) G K_v e‡jB cwiZ…ß n‡Z jvMj †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì wcZv-‬‬
‫‪wcZvgn-c~e©cyi“l‡ì †_‡K G ag© MÖnY K‡iwQ Ges Avgiv Zv‡ì c`v¼ AbymiY KiwQ|Ó 180 GKgvÎ Avjvni Kv‡QB G‬‬
‫‪†e`bv Rvbv‡bv hvq, wZwbB GKgvÎ mvnvh¨Kvix, ZuviB Dci wbf©iZv|Ó 181‬‬
‫‪G mKj hy‡Mi dKxn‡ì fyjåvwš— wKfv‡e Bgvg Avh‡gi wei“‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË ˆZwi K‡i †m cÖm‡½ Avãyj nvB‬‬
‫‪jvLbex e‡jb:‬‬
‫وﻛذﻟك ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻹﺸﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﻬد ﻓﺈن ﻛﺜﯿ ار ﻤن ﻛﺘب اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى ﻤﺘواردة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ وﻛراﻫﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﯿظن اﻟﻨﺎظرون ﻓﯿﻬﺎ أﻨﻪ ﻤذﻫب أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫وﺼﺎﺤﺒﯿﻪ ﻓﯿﺸﻛل ﻋﻠﯿﻬم اﻷﻤر ﺒورود أﺤﺎدﯿث ﻤﺘﻌددة ﻗوﻟﯿﺔ وﻓﻌﻠﯿﺔ ﺘدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠوازﻫﺎ وﺴﻨﯿﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﺎري اﻟﻤﻛﻲ ﻓﻲ رﺴﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺘزﯿﯿن اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿن اﻹﺸﺎرة ﺒﻌدﻤﺎ ذﻛر اﻷﺨﺒﺎر اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺸﺎرة‪ :‬ﻟم ﯿﻌﻠم ﻤن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ وﻻ ﻤن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻠف ﺨﻼف ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ وﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺠواز‬
‫اﻹﺸﺎرة ﺒل ﻗﺎل ﺒﻪ إﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ اﻷﻋظم وﺼﺎﺤﺒﺎﻩ وﻛذا ﻤﺎﻟك واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ وأﺤﻤد وﺴﺎﺌر ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻤﺼﺎر واﻷﻋﺼﺎر ‪ ...‬ﻓﻼ اﻋﺘداد ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘرك ﻫذﻩ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷﻛﺜرون ﻤن ﺴﻛﺎن ﻤﺎ وراء اﻟﻨﻬر وأﻫل ﺨراﺴﺎن واﻟﻌراق وﺒﻼد اﻟﻬﻨد ﻤﻤن ﻏﻠب ﻋﻠﯿﻬم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿد وﻓﺎﺘﻬم اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿق‪ ...‬وﻗد أﻏرب اﻟﻛﯿداﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺤﯿث ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﻌﺎﺸر ﻤن اﻟﻤﺤرﻤﺎت اﻹﺸﺎرة ﺒﺎﻟﺴﺒﺎﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺄﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث أي ﻤﺜل إﺸﺎرة ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﯿﺠﻤﻌﻬم اﻟﻌﻠم ﺒﺤدﯿث رﺴول اﷲ ‪ ‬وﻫذا ﻤﻨﻪ ﺨطﺄ‬
‫ﻋظﯿم وﺠرم ﺠﺴﯿم ‪ ...‬وﻟو ﻻ ﺤﺴن اﻟظن ﺒﻪ وﺘﺄوﯿل ﻛﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﺴﺒب ﻟﻛﺎن ﻛﻔرﻩ ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺎ وارﺘدادﻩ ﺼرﯿﺤﺎ ﻓﻬل ﯿﺤل ﻟﻤؤﻤن أن ﯿﺤرم ﻤﺎ ﺜﺒت‬
‫ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎد أن ﯿﻛون ﻤﺘواﺘ ار ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ؟ ‪ ....‬ﻓظﻬر ﻤﻨﻪ أن ﻗول اﻟﻨﻬﻲ اﻟﻤذﻛور ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى إﻨﻤﺎ ﻫو ﻤن ﻤﺨرﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺎﯿﺦ ﻻ ﻤن‬
‫ﻤذﻫب ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟﻤذﻫب وﻗس ﻋﻠﯿﻪ أﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ وﻫﻲ ﻛﺜﯿرة‪ٕ ...‬واذا ﻋرﻓت ﻫذا ﻓﺤﯿﻨﺌذ ﯿﺴﻬل اﻷﻤر ﻓﻲ دﻓﻊ طﻌن اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨدﯿن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻤﺎم أﺒﻰ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫وﺼﺎﺤﺒﯿﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻬم طﻌﻨوا ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﯿر ﻤن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﻤدرﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺎوى اﻟﺤﻨﻔﯿﺔ أﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ أو أﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﯿﺴت ﻤﺘﺄﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺼل‬
‫ﺸرﻋﻲ وﻨﺤو ذﻟك وﺠﻌﻠوا ذﻟك ذرﯿﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ طﻌن اﻷﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ظﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻬم أﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬم وﻤذاﻫﺒﻬم وﻟﯿس ﻛذﻟك ﺒل ﻫﻲ ﻤن ﺘﻔرﯿﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺎﯿﺦ‬
‫اﺴﺘﻨﺒطوﻫﺎ ﻤن اﻷﺼول اﻟﻤﻨﻘوﻟﺔ ﻋن اﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻓوﻗﻌت ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻓﻼ طﻌن ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺒل وﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﯿﺦ أﯿﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬم ﻟم ﯿﻘرروﻫﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻬم ﺒﻛوﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﺎدﯿث إذ ﻟم ﯿﻛوﻨوا ﻤﺘﻼﻋﺒﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟدﯿن ﺒل ﻤن ﻛﺒراء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن ﺒﻬم وﺼل ﻤﺎ وﺼل إﻟﯿﻨﺎ ﻤن‬
‫ﻓروع اﻟدﯿن ﺒل ﻟم ﯿﺒﻠﻐﻬم ﺘﻠك اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث وﻟو ﺒﻠﻐﺘﻬم ﻟم ﯿﻘرروا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻬم ﻓﻲ ذﻟك ﻤﻌذورون وﻤﺄﺠورون‪.‬‬
‫‪ÒGLv‡b GKwU D`vniY mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ Zvkvn&n~‡ì mgq Bkviv Kiv| nvbvdx wdK‡ni A‡bK dvZIqvi MÖ‡š’B Bkviv‬‬
‫‪Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q ev gvKiƒn ejv n‡q‡Q| cvVKMY g‡b Ki‡eb †h, GwUB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi `y Qv‡Îi gZ| ZLb‬‬
‫‪welqwU Zvi Kv‡Q mgm¨v g‡b nq; KviY A‡bK¸‡jv nv`xm Øviv Giƒc Bkviv Kiv mybœvZ e‡j cÖgvwYZ| †gvjv Avjx Kvix‬‬
‫‪ÔZvhqxbyj BevivwZ wjZvnmxwbj BkvivwZÕ cyw¯—Kvq G welqK nv`xm¸‡jv D‡jL K‡i e‡jb: mvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ Ges c~e©eZ©x‬‬
‫~‪Avwjg‡ì g‡a¨ Zvkvn&û‡ì mgq Bkviv Kivi êaZvi wel‡q †Kv‡bv gZ‡f` wQj bv| Avgv‡ì Bgvg AvÕhg, Zuvi `y m½x (Ave‬‬
‫‪BDm~d I gynv¤§v`), Bgvg gvwjK, kvwdqx, Avng` Ges mKj †`‡ki I mKj hy‡Mi AvwjgMY G gZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x‬‬
‫‪hy‡M cvim¨, ga¨ Gwkqv I fvi‡Zi AwaKvsk nvbvdx Avwjg G mybœvZwU eR©b K‡i‡Qb| ZvKjx‡ì cÖvavb¨ I M‡elYvi Abycw¯’wZi‬‬
‫‪Kvi‡YB Zviv Giƒc K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì Kg© I gZ ¸i“Z¡nxb I AMÖnY‡hvM¨| ....‬‬
‫‪(beg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv jyrdzjvn bvmvdx dvwhj) Kx`vbx (900 wn) AevK I D™¢U K_v‬‬
Contents
e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Ômvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ nvivg Kg©¸‡jvi `kg Kg© kvnv`vZ AvOyj w`‡q Bkviv Kiv, †hfv‡e Avn‡j nv`xmiv
K‡i|Õ (Avjx Kvix e‡jb:) A_©vr ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi nv`xm welqK Ávb hv‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡i‡Q Zviv †hfv‡e Bkviv K‡ib
†mfv‡e Bkviv Kiv nvivg| GwU Zuvi GKwU fq¼i fyj I KwVb Aciva| Zuvi wel‡q myaviYv bv _vK‡j Ges Zuvi K_vi e¨vL¨v bv
Ki‡j Zvi G K_vwU m‡›`nvZxZ Kzdi Ges my¯úó ag©Z¨vM e‡j MY¨ n‡Zv| ivm~jyjvn () †_‡K cÖgvwYZ †Kv‡bv welq‡K nvivg
ejv †Kv‡bv gywg‡bi Rb¨ wK êa n‡Z cv‡i? we‡klZ †h welqwU cÖvq gyZvIqvwZi?...Ó
jvLbex e‡jb, G †_‡K cÖgvY nq †h, dvZIqvi MÖš’mg~‡n Giƒc Bkviv Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i †h gZ D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv
cieZ©x hy‡Mi dKxnM‡Yi gZ gvÎ; Zv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gvhnve bq| Av‡iv A‡bK welq i‡q‡Q, hv AweKj Giƒc|... Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi m½xØ‡qi wel‡q we‡ivaxiv †h Awf‡hvM K‡ib Zvi ¯îƒc eySv GLb mnR n‡q †Mj| nvbvdx dvZIqv ev
wdK‡ni MÖ‡š’ A‡bK gvmvBj i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv mnxn nv`x‡mi wecixZ ev †Kv‡bv cÖwm× kiqx g~jbxwZi Aš—f©y³ bq| we‡ivaxiv G
mKj gvmAvjv‡K Bgvg Î‡qi wei“‡× Awf‡hv‡Mi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡ib| Zuviv aviYv K‡ib †h, G¸‡jv †eva nq Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi m½xØ‡qi gZ| cÖK…Zc‡¶ G¸‡jv Zuv‡ì gZ bq| G¸‡jv cieZ©x hy‡Mi nvbvdx dKxnM‡Yi gZ| Zuviv
BgvgMY †_‡K ewY©Z g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z BRwZnv` K‡i G mKj gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jvi Rb¨ BgvgÎq‡K Awfhy³ Kiv hvq
bv| GgbwK cieZ©x dKxnMY‡KI GRb¨ Awfhy³ Kiv hvq bv| KviY ZuvivI †R‡bï‡b nv`xm we‡ivax dvZIqv †`b wb| Zuviv `xb
wb‡q Zvgvkv Ki‡Zb bv; eis Zuviv gymwjgM‡Yi †bZ…ch©v‡qi Avwjg wQ‡jb Ges Zuv‡ì gva¨‡gB Avgiv `x‡bi gvm&Avjv¸‡jv
Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| g~jZ cieZ©x G mKj dKxn G welqK nv`xm¸‡jv Rvb‡Zb bv| hw` Zuviv G mKj gvmAvjvq nv`xm Rvb‡Zb
Z‡e nv`x‡mi wei“‡× dvZIqv w`‡Zb bv| Kv‡RB Zuviv gvhyi wQ‡jb Ges fyj BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ mvIqve cv‡eb|...Ó182
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv nv`xm we‡ivax wKqv‡mi cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb bv| mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©iZvi
cvkvcvwk wZwb dKx‡ni gZ hvPvB K‡i MÖn‡Yi ZvKx` w`‡q‡Qb| cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxnMY Ges Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei cÖwm×
dKxnMYI GKB wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| ZvKjx` I `jxj wbf©iZvi G mgš^qB mvnvexM‡Yi mybœvZ| GKwU NUbv D‡jøL KiwQ|
g`xbvi wKQz gvbyl Beb AveŸvm (iv)-†K cÖkœ K‡ib: dih ZvIqv‡di c‡i hw` †Kv‡bv gwnjvi nv‡qh (FZymªve) ïiæ nq
Z‡e Kx n‡e? wZwb e‡jb: D³ gwnjv (we`vqx ZvIqvd QvovB) †`‡k wd‡i hv‡e| ZLb Zuviv e‡jb: hvB` Beb mvweZ (iv)-Gi
g‡Z D³ gwnjv nv‡qh †kl nIqvi ci we`vqx ZvIqvd K‡i †`‡k hv‡e| KviY ivm~jyjøvn () e‡j‡Qb: g°v Z¨v‡Mi Av‡M
nvRx‡K we`vqx ZvIqvd Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv hvB` (iv)-Gi gZ ev` w`‡q Avcbvi gZ MÖnY Kie bv| ZLb Beb AveŸvm (iv)
e‡jb: Avcbvi hLb g`xbvq †cuŠQv‡eb ZLb Avgvi g‡Zi nv`xmwUi wel‡q wRÁvmv Ki‡eb| Zuviv g`xbvq †cuŠ‡Q D¤§y myjvBg (iv)
I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡j Zuviv nv`xmwU e‡jb| NUbvwU n‡jv, we`vq n‡¾ dih ZvIqv‡di ci mvwdq¨vn (iv)-Gi nv‡qh
ïiæ nq| ivm~jyjøvn () Zuv‡K we`vqx ZvIqvd QvovB g°v Z¨v‡Mi AbygwZ †`b| ZLb g`xbvevmxMY Beb AveŸvm (iv)-Gi gZ
MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K Rvbvb †h, nv`xmwU Zuvi eY©bv gZB Zuviv †c‡q‡Qb| 183
mvnvexM‡Yi hy‡Mi G NUbv †_‡K Avgiv K‡qKwU welq RvbwQ:
(1) gywmjg‡ì `vwqZ¡ cÖvÁ Avwjg‡ì †_‡K `xb †R‡b †bIqv| G‡ÿ‡Î GKRb Avwj‡gi cÖwZ AwaK Av¯’v _vKv LyeB
¯^vfvweK| hvB` (iv)ÑGi cÖwZ AwePj Av¯’vi Kvi‡Y Beb AveŸvm (iv)-Gi gy‡L nv`xmwU ï‡b Zuviv †g‡b †bb wb|
(2) g`xbvevmx‡ì K_vi cÖwZev‡` Beb AveŸvm (iv) Zv‡ì‡K nv`xm we‡ivax e‡j Awfhy³ K‡ib wb| Zuvi eY©bv †g‡b
wb‡ZI Zv‡ì‡K PvcvPvwc K‡ib wb| wZwb Zuv‡ì‡K nv`xmwUi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡Z Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb|
(3) g`xbvevmxMY hvB` (iv)-Gi Dci Av¯’vi Kvi‡Y Beb AveŸvm (iv)-Gi nv`xmwU wewfbœ ARynv‡Z evwZj e‡j †_‡g
_v‡Kb wb| Zuviv nv`xmwUi wel‡q AbymÜvb K‡i Beb AveŸv‡mi (iv) eY©bvi wbf©yjZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ n‡q‡Qb|
GwUB ZvKjx` I `jxj AbymÜv‡bi gvmb~b Av`k©| KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i mvaviY gywgb dKxnMY †_‡K `xb
Rvb‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv GKRb dKx‡ni Dci AwaK Av¯’vkxj nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| KviY, mKj dKxn ev gynvwÏ‡mi gZ
mgvbfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡j ev B”QvgZ MÖnY Ki‡j mvaviY gywgb‡K weåvšÍ n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Giƒc Av¯’v ev ZvKjx` A_© wbwe©Pvi ev AÜ
AbymiY bq| gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ wecixZ †Kv‡bv nv`xm Rvbv †M‡j Zvi wbfy©jZvi wel‡q AbymÜvb Kiv| AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g hw`
cÖgvY nq †h, wZwb †h dKx‡ni AbymiY K‡ib Zvi g‡Zi wecixZ nv`xmwU weï×, wbf©yj I e¨vL¨vZxZ ZLb wZwb Zv MÖnY
Ki‡eb|
ÒhLb †Kv‡bv nv`xm mnxn e‡j cÖgvY nqÓ ej‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg evn¨Z G Ae¯’v-B eywS‡q‡Qb| †Kv‡bv
GKwU nv`xm‡K †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Avwjg mnxn e‡j‡Qb e‡j Rvbv Ges wb‡R AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g nv`xmwU mnxn, e¨vL¨vZxZ I wb‡Ri
cvjbxq g‡Zi `jx‡ji †P‡q kw³kvjx e‡j wbwðZ nIqvi g‡a¨ A‡bK cv_©K¨| †Kv‡bv Avwj‡gi Dci wbf©i K‡i †Kv‡bv nv`xm‡K
mnxn e‡j MÖnY Kiv wdKnx ZvKjx‡ì gZB ZvKjx`| GwU wb›`bxq bq| Z‡e Giƒc ZvKjx‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i Ab¨ ZvKjx`
LÐb ev eR©b Kiv hvq bv| eyLvix, gymwjg, Beb nvRvi, myq~Zx, Avjevbx ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gynvwÏm (ivwngvûgyjøvn) GKwU nv`xm‡K
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Contents
mnxn e‡j‡Qb e‡j D³ nv`x‡mi wecixZ Kg©‡K evwZj e‡j g‡b Kiv weåvwšÍKi| Avevi Ave~ nvbxdv, kvwdqx, Avng`,
gvwjK, AvIhvqx, Zvnvex ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv dKxn (ivwngvûjøvn) GKwU Kg©‡K mwVK e‡j‡Qb e‡j D³ g‡Zi wecixZ nv`xm‡K iwnZ,
evwZj, `ye©j BZ¨vw` e‡j Dwo‡q †ÌqvI GKBiƒc weåvwšÍKi|
we‡klZ gydZx I Avwj‡gi `vwqZ¡ Zuvi dvZIqvi `jxjwU fvjfv‡e Rvbv| GKRb dKxn ev gynvwÏ‡mi Dci Av¯’vi Kvi‡Y
wdKn ev nv`xm wel‡q Zuvi g‡Zi Dci wbf©i Kiv mvaviY gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e Ab¨ KvD‡K G wel‡q dvZIqv ev
wm×všÍ w`‡Z n‡j welqwU Aa¨qb Ki‡Z n‡e| Giƒc wm×všÍ †Ìqvi c~‡e© G wel‡q KziAvb, nv`xm, mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZ,
GKvwaK nv`xm _vK‡j GKwU‡K MÖnY Kivi KviY fvjfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi QvÎMY G welqwUi cÖwZ
m‡e©v”P ZvwK` w`‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Ges D¤§v‡Zi mKj dKxn‡K ingZ Kiæb Ges m‡e©v”P cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb
Kiæb|
16. Beb ZvBwgqvi gšÍe¨
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wei“‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv kvBLyj Bmjvg Beb ZvBwgqvi e³e¨ w`‡q †kl Kie|
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Kjw¼Z Ki‡Z RvwjqvZMY A‡bK RvwjqvwZ K‡i‡Q| GgbwK Zuvi bv‡g ÔwKZveyj
wnqvjÕ bv‡g GKwU Rvj cy¯—K iPbv K‡i cÖPvi K‡i‡Q| G cy¯—‡K RNb¨ `xb we‡ivax K_v Bgv‡gi bv‡g †jLv n‡q‡Q| 4_©-
5g wnRix kZK ch©š— †KD D‡jL K‡ib wb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv wKZveyj wnqvj bv‡g †Kv‡bv eB wj‡L‡Qb| m¤¢eZ 4_©-5g
kZ‡Ki †Kv‡bv RvwjqvZ Zv iPbv K‡i| Gici Zviv G cy¯—‡Ki wei“‡× wØZxq I Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki A‡bK cÖwm× Avwj‡gi
e³e¨ Rvj K‡i‡Q| G cy¯—K cÖm‡½ Beb ZvBwgqv e‡jb:
‫ك ﻗَ ْد ٌح ِﻓﻲ اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‬
َ ِ‫ﺎﻤﺘِ ِﻪ َوَذﻟ‬
َ ‫إﻤ‬
ِ َ ِ‫َﻤ َر ﺒِﻬَﺎ ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن َذﻟ‬
َ ‫ك ﻗَ ْد ٌح ﻓﻲ‬
ٍ ‫ب إﻟَﻰ‬
َ ‫إﻤﺎم أَﱠﻨﻪُ أ‬
َ َ ‫َن ُﯿ ْﻨ َﺴ‬ ُ ‫إ ﱠن َﻫ ِذ ِﻩ ا ْﻟ ِﺤﯿﻠَﺔَ اﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ِﻫ َﻲ ُﻤ َﺤﱠرَﻤﺔٌ ِﻓﻲ َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬَﺎ ﻻ َﯿ ُﺠ‬
ْ ‫وز أ‬
‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫ث ا ْﺌﺘَ ﱡﻤوا ﺒِﻤ ْن ﻻ َﯿ‬
َ ‫ﺼﻠُ ُﺢ ﻟﻺ َﻤ‬ َ ُ ‫َﺤ ْﯿ‬
ÒG mKj nvivg nxjv D¤§v‡Zi GKRb Bgv‡gi e³e¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb KL‡bvB Giƒc nxjv-evnvbvi wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡ib
bv| Zvn‡j †Zv wZwb Bgvg nIqvi A‡hvM¨ e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡eb| Avi †m‡¶‡Î D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`x A‡hvM¨ D¤§vZ e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e;
KviY Zviv A‡hvM¨ GKRb‡K Bgvg wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q|Ó 184
e¯‘Z Beb ZvBwgqvi Aa¨qb wQj AZ¨š— e¨vcK| G Kvi‡Y nvbvdx wdKn wZwb †hfv‡e ey‡S‡Qb, Ab¨ gvhnv‡ei Ab¨
†Kv‡bv Avwjg †mfv‡e ey‡Sb wb| wZwb wewfbœ MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Avh‡gi wei“‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM LÊb K‡ib| Dciš‘ A‡bK
wdKnx I Dm~jx wel‡q wZwb nv¤^vjx gvhnve cwiZ¨vM K‡i nvbvdx gZ MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi e³e¨wU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU
wel‡qi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Q| hviv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Kjw¼Z Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb ev Ki‡Qb Zuviv †R‡b
A_ev bv †R‡b D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`x‡K Kjw¼Z Ki‡Qb|
7/8 Rb mvnvex †_‡K wewfbœ mb‡` ewY©Z cÖvq gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn  Zuvi c‡ii wZb cÖR‡b¥i cÖvgvY¨Zv I
eiK‡Zi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb|185 †m eiKZgq wØZxq wnRix kZ‡K hv‡K AvwjgMY, mvaviY gvbyl I ivóª cÖkvmb gymwjg‡ì Ab¨Zg
GKRb Bgvg wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb cieZ©x hy‡M G‡m Zuv‡K A‡hvM¨ cÖgvY Kivi A_© D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`x‡K A‡hvM¨ cÖgvY Kiv|
Avi wØZxq kZ‡Ki D¤§vZ‡K A‡hvM¨ cÖgvY Kivi A_© Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv Avgiv eyS‡Z cviwQ|
e¯‘Z mvgvb¨ wKQz gZ‡f` wb‡q †h `ytLRbK evovevwo c~e©eZ©x K‡qK kZ‡K N‡U‡Q `x‡bi ¯^v‡_© I D¤§v‡Zi ¯^v‡_©B
Avgv‡ì‡K Zuvi E‡aŸ© DV‡Z n‡e| gnvb Avjvn Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K Ges Zuvi wei“‡× D¤§v‡Zi †h mKj cÖvÁ Avwjg I eyRyM©
K_v e‡j‡Qb Zuv‡ì mKj‡KB ¶gv Ki“b, ingZ Ki“b Ges `x‡bi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì Ae`vb Keyj K‡i Zuv‡ì‡K m‡e©vËg cyi¯‹vi
cÖ`vb Ki“b| Avgxb!
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wØZxq cwi‡”Q`
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj
1. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wKZveyj Avmvi I gymbv`
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi hy‡Mi AvwjgMY mvaviYZ cÖPwjZ cwifvlvq MÖš’ iPbv Ki‡Zb bv, eis Zuviv hv ej‡Zb Zv QvÎiv
wjL‡Zb| GRb¨ Zvweqx hy‡M ev 150 wnRix mv‡ji g‡a¨ g„ZzëiYKvix Avwjg‡ì †jLv ev msKwjZ c„_K MÖš’vwì msL¨v LyeB
Kg| Zuv‡ì QvÎM‡Yi †jLvq Zuv‡ì e³e¨ msKwjZ| KL‡bv †Kv‡bv QvÎ Zuv‡ì e³e¨ GKK cyw¯—Kvq msKjb Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv
Zuviv wb‡RivB wKQz Z_¨ msKjb Ki‡Zb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †jLv ej‡Z KL‡bv Zuvi wb‡Ri msKjb Ges KL‡bv Zuvi †Kv‡bv
QvÎ KZ©„K Zuvi e³e¨ ev Zuvi ewY©Z nv`xm msKjb eySv‡bv n‡Z cv‡i| Dfq †¶‡ÎB Zv ÔBgvg Ave~ nvbxdvÕ-i bv‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡Z
cv‡i| G g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ I msKwjZ cÖavb MÖš’ ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ|
gynvwÏmM‡Yi cwifvlvq ÔAvmviÕ ej‡Z mvnvex, Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxM‡Yi e³e¨ ev Kg© eySv‡bv nq| mvaviYfv‡e
ÔAvmviÕ Gi g‡a¨ ivm~jyjvn -Gi nv`xmI Aš—f©y³ Kiv nq| wØZxq wnRix kZ‡K gynvwÏmMY ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi nv`x‡mi mv‡_
mvnvexM‡Yi e³eÏ msKjb Ki‡Zb Ges wdKnx c×wZ‡Z web¨vm Ki‡Zb| Giƒc MÖš’¸‡jv ÔgyAvËvÕ, ÔgymvbœvdÕ ev ÔwKZveyj
AvmviÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv msKwjZ ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ Zuvi K‡qKRb QvÎ eY©bv K‡ib| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb: hydvi Beb ûhvBj
(158 wn), Ave~ BDmyd (182 wn), gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb (189 wn), nvmvb Beb whqv` jyjyqx (204 wn)| Zb¥‡a¨ Ave~ B&Dm~d Ges
gynv¤§v` ewY©Z ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ `y‡Uv c„_K MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ| G MÖš’`y‡Uv‡Z Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd I Bgvg gynv¤§v` Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv ewY©Z nv`x‡m beex Ges mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi e³e¨ msKjb K‡i‡Qb| D‡jL¨ †h, Dfq MÖ‡š’i AwaKvsk ÔAvmviÕ ev nv`xm
GKB| g~jZ MÖš’`y‡Uv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv msKwjZ wKZveyj Avmv‡ii c„_K eY©bv gvÎ| Bgvg gvwj‡Ki gyAvËv MÖš’wU †hgb wewfbœ
QvÎ wewfbœ mg‡q kªeY I eY©bv Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv gyAvËvi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv msKwjZ wKZveyj
Avmvi Bgvg gynv¤§v` I Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd c„_Kfv‡e eY©bv Kivi Kvi‡Y Df‡qi g‡a¨ wKQz e¨wZµg m„wó n‡q‡Q|
ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ QvovI Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv msKwjZ nv`xm¸‡jv Ôgymbv` Avex nvbxdvÕ bv‡g ewY©Z I MÖš’vwqZ| Zuvi
K‡qKRb QvÎ Zuvi gymbv` eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb:
(1) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cyÎ nv¤§v` Beb Ave~ nvbxdv (180 wn)
(2) gynv¤§v` Beb Lvwj` Iqvnex (200 wn)
(3) Ave~ Avjx nvmvb Beb whqv` jyÕjyqx (204 wn)
PZz_© wnRix kZK †_‡K lô wnRix kZK ch©š— mg‡q K‡qKRb gynvwÏm Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi m~‡Î ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv
Zuv‡ì mb‡` msMÖn K‡i Ôgymbv` Avex nvbxdvÕ bv‡g msKjb K‡ib| Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg:
(1) Dgvi Bebyj nvmvb Bebyj Avkbvbx evM`v`x (339 wn)
(2) Ave~ gynv¤§v` Avãyjvn Beb gynv¤§v` Beb BqvK‚e Bebyj nvwim Avj-nvwimx Avj-eyLvix Avj-DmZv` (340 wn)
(3) Ave~ Avng` Avãyjvn Beb Av`x RyiRvbx (365 wn)
(4) Aveyj Kvwmg Zvjnv Beb gynv¤§v` Beb RvÕdvi gyAvwÏj kvwn` evM`v`x (380 wn)
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(5) Aveyj ûmvBb gynv¤§v` Bebyj gyhvd&dvi Beb g~mv Beb Cmv Beb gynv¤§v` evM`v`x (379 wn)
(6) Ave~ byAvBg Bmcvnvbx Avng` Beb Avãyjvn (430 wn)
(7) Ave~ eKi Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Kvjvqx KziZzex (432 wn)
(8) Ave~ evKi gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyj evKx Beb gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjvn Avbmvix LvhivRx (535 wn)
(9) Ave~ Avãyjvn gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Lmi“ evjLx evM`v`x (526 wn)
(10) Aveyj Kvwmg Avãyjvn Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avwej AvIqvg mvÕ`x|
wZwb wgm‡ii wePvicwZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi g„Zz¨ ZvwiL Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e wZwb Bgvg bvmvqxi (303 wn) QvÎ wQ‡jb| 186 GQvov
Zuvi †cŠÎ wgm‡ii wePvicwZ Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjvn Beb Avwej AvIqvg wnRix 349 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY Ges 418 mv‡j
g„ZzëiY K‡ib| 187 G wn‡m‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wZwb PZz_© wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a© 330-340 wnRix mv‡ji w`‡K g„ZzëiY
K‡ib|
G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ave~ gynv¤§v` nvwimx msKwjZ gymbv` Ges Ave~ byAvBg Bmcvnvbx msKwjZ gymbv` MÖš’ `ywU gyw`ªZ|
mßg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× Avwjg Bgvg Aveyj gyAvBwq` gynv¤§v` Beb gvng~` LvIqvwihgx (665 wn) ÔRvwgDj
gvmvbx`Õ ev Ôgymbv`¸‡jvi msKjbÕ bvgK GKwU MÖ‡š’ Ôgymbv` Avex nvbxdvÕ bv‡g cÖwm× MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z we`¨gvb nv`xm¸‡jv
GK‡Î msKjb K‡ib|
2. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbvewj welqK weZK©
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg I M‡elK `vwe Ki‡Zb †h, Bgvg Avhg †Kv‡bv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib wb| wnRix lô kZ‡K cÖwm× kvwdqx
dKxn I `vk©wbK Bgvg dvLi“Ïxb ivhx (544-606wn) Zuvi iwPZ gvbvwKeyk-kvwdwqq¨v Mª‡š’ G aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi iwPZ †Kvb MÖš’B we`¨gvb ‡bB| 188 c¶vš—‡i Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Avwjg Zuvi iwPZ K‡qKwU MÖ‡š’i K_v D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb|
D‡jL¨ †h, cÖvPxb hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× AvwjgM‡Yi b¨vq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi bv‡gI A‡bK Rvj Mí, Kvwnbx,
gZ, e³e¨ I MÖš’ cieZ©x hy‡M cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi c‡¶ I wec‡¶ evovevwo I RvwjqvwZi cÖeYZv
wQj LyeB †ewk, hvi bgybv Avgiv †`‡LwQ| G‡ÿ‡Î mZ¨ I wg_¨v hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ AvwjgMY K‡qKwU welq wePvi K‡i‡Qb: (1)
RxebxKvi‡ì e³e¨, (2) mb` hvPvB I (3) MÖ‡š’i welq I fvlv wePvi Kiv|
†Kv‡bv gbxlx †Kv‡bv MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z Zuvi mgmvgwqK ev wbKUeZ©x †jLK‡ì e³e¨ †`L‡Z
nq| Zuvi mgmvgwqK ev KvQvKvwQ hy‡Mi M‡elK ev RxebxKviMY hw` Zuvi iwPZ †Kv‡bv MÖ‡š’i D‡jL K‡ib Z‡e Rvbv hvq
†h, D³ †jL‡Ki bv‡g D³ MÖš’wU Zuvi g„Zzï Av‡M ev c‡iB cÖwmw× jvf K‡iwQj|
gymwjg D¤§vni Abb¨ êwkó¨ mb` msi¶Y| ïay nv`x‡mi †¶‡ÎB bq, wjwLZ MÖš’¸‡jvi †¶‡ÎI Zuviv mb` msi¶Y
K‡i‡Qb| Zvweqx‡ì hyM †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cieZ©x kZkZ ermi hver hZ MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q mKj MÖ‡š’i cvÊywjwci ïi“‡Z cvVK
†`L‡eb †h, MÖš’wUi †jLK †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cvÊywjwci gvwjK ev eY©bvKvix ch©š— mb` D³ cvÊywjwci Dci †jLv i‡q‡Q| G mKj
mb` Aa¨qb K‡i Lye mn‡RB MÖš’wU cÖK…ZB D³ Avwj‡gi †jLv wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kiv hvq|
†h MÖ‡š’i cvÊywjwci †Kv‡bv wbf©i‡hvM¨ mb` †bB ev Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖvPxb cvÊywjwc †bB Ges c~e©eZ©x †jLKMY †h MÖ‡š’i bvg
D‡jL K‡ib wb Zv Rvj e‡j eySv hvq|
3. HwZnvwmK I RxebxKviM‡Yi e³e¨
PZz_© kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Aveyj jvBm mvgviKv›`x bvmi Beb gynv¤§v` (373 wn) ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i
e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| 189 Dciš‘ MÖš’wU mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q e‡j f~wgKvq D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|190 G‡Z cÖgvY nq †h, Bgvg Avh‡gi
Idv‡Zi c‡ii kZ‡KB Zuvi G MÖš’wU cÖwmw× jvf K‡iwQj|
4_©-5g wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× HwZnvwmK Beb bv`xg gynv¤§v` Beb BmnvK (438 wn) Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv m¤ú‡K©
e‡jb:
‫ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟرد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺎﻟم واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠم رواﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻘﺎﺘل‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺎب رﺴﺎﻟﺘﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺘﻲ‬،‫وﻟﻪ ﻤن اﻟﻛﺘب ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر‬
Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: (1) Avj wdKûj AvKevi, (2) Dmgvb Avj-evËx‡K †jLv wPwV, (3) Avj-Avwjg
Iqvj-gyZvqvwjg, MÖš’wU gyKvwZj Zuvi †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, (4) Avi-ivÏ AvÕjvj-Kv`vwiqvn|Ó 191
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cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki mycÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn I AvKx`vwe` Bgvg evh`vex Avjx Beb gynv¤§v` Beb ûmvBb (400-
482 wn) e‡jb:
‫اﻟﻌﻠم ﻨوﻋﺎن ﻋﻠم اﻟﺘوﺤﯿد واﻟﺼﻔﺎت وﻋﻠم اﻟﺸراﯿﻊ واﻷﺤﻛﺎم واﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨوع اﻷول ﻫو اﻟﺘﻤﺴك ﺒﺎﻟﻛﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﻤﺠﺎﻨﺒﺔ اﻟﻬوى واﻟﺒدﻋﺔ‬
‫ وﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﺴﻠﻔﻨﺎ أﻋﻨﻲ أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وأﺒﺎ ﯿوﺴف وﻤﺤﻤد أو ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬... ‫وﻟزوم طرﯿق اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻟذي ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌون‬
‫أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬم رﺤﻤﻬم اﷲ وﻗد ﺼﻨف أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر وذﻛر ﻓﯿﻪ إﺜﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﺎت ٕواﺜﺒﺎت ﺘﻘدﯿر اﻟﺨﯿر واﻟﺸر‬
‫ ودﻟت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬... ‫ وﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠم اﻷﺼول إﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﺼﺎدﻗﺎ‬...‫ وﺼﻨف ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺎﻟم واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠم وﻛﺘﺎب اﻟرﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬... ‫ﻤن اﷲ وأن ذﻟك ﻛﻠﻪ ﺒﻤﺸﯿﺌﺘﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔرﻗﺔ ﻋن أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺴوط وﻏﯿر اﻟﻤﺒﺴوط ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻬم ﻟم ﯿﻤﯿﻠوا إﻟﻰ ﺸﻲء ﻤن ﻤذاﻫب اﻻﻋﺘزال ٕواﻟﻰ ﺴﺎﺌر اﻷﻫواء‬
ÒBjg `y cÖKvi: (1) Avjvni GKZ¡ I we‡kl‡Yi Bjg Ges (2) kixqZ I AvnKv‡gi Bjg| cÖ_g cÖKv‡ii Bj‡gi
†¶‡Î g~jbxwZ n‡jv KziAvb I mybœvZ my`„pfv‡e AvK‡o a‡i _vK‡Z n‡e, hyw³-gwR© wbf©i gZ I weÀvZ eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e
Ges Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g‡Zi Dc‡i, †h g‡Zi Dc‡i mvnvexMY I ZvweqxMY cÖwZwôZ wQ‡jb †m g‡Zi Dci
cÖwZwôZ _vK‡Z n‡e| .... Avgv‡ì c~e©eZ©xMY, A_©vr Ave~ nvbxdv, Ave~ BDmyd I gynv¤§v` I Zuv‡ì AwaKvsk QvÎB G
g‡Zi Dc‡iB wQ‡jb (ivwngvûgyjvn)| Ave~ nvbxdv (ivw`qvjvû Avbû) G wel‡q ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ bvgK MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb we‡klY¸‡jv cÖgvY I ¯^xKvi Kivi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges fvjg›` ZvK`xi Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K e‡j
cÖgvY I ¯^xKvi Kivi K_v wj‡L‡Qb| G¸‡jv meB gnvb Avjvni B”Qvq...| Ges wZwb ÒAvj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjvgÓ MÖš’
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Ges wZwb (evËx‡K cvVv‡bv) wPwV wj‡L‡Qb ....| wZwb `x‡bi g~jbxwZi (AvKx`vi) wel‡q mZ¨civqY Bgvg
wQ‡jb|... Avgv‡ì mv_xMY †_‡K ewY©Z we¯—vwiZ I msw¶ß mKj Z_¨ cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zuviv gyZvwhjx gZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
weÀvZx g‡Zi w`‡K †Kv‡bviƒc AvK…ó nb wb|Ó 192
cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki kvwdqx dKxn Avjvgv Aveyj gyhvd&dvi Zvwni Beb gynv¤§v` BmwdivCbx kvnd‚i (471 wn)
wj‡L‡Qb:
... ‫وﻤن أراد أن ﯿﺘﺤﻘق أن ﻻ ﺨﻼف ﺒﯿن اﻟﻔرﯿﻘﯿن ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﯿﻨظر ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺼﻨﻔﻪ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﻼم وﻫو ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﻠم‬
‫وﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر اﻟذي أﺨﺒرﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺒطرﯿق ﻤﻌﺘﻤد ٕواﺴﻨﺎد ﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻋن ﻨﺼﯿر ﺒن ﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﻤطﯿﻊ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻤﺎ ﺠﻤﻌﻪ أﺒو‬
... ‫ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ أﺒﻲ ﻋﻤرو ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺒﺘﻲ‬
Ò(AvKx`v wel‡q) nvbvdx-kvwdqx gZ‡f` bv _vKvi welqwU hw` †KD wbwðZ n‡Z Pvq Z‡e †m †hb Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)
iwPZ Bjgyj Kvjvg welqK MÖš’ Aa¨qb K‡i| Zv n‡jv ÔwKZveyj BjgÕ (wKZveyj Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjg)| Ges ÔAvj-wdKûj
AvKeviÕ bvgK MÖš’I Aa¨qb Ki“K, †h MÖš’wU Avgv‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ eY©bvKvix wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~‡Î I mnxn mb‡` bvmxi Beb BqvnBqv
†_‡K Ave~ gyZx †_‡K Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K eY©bv K‡i ïwb‡q‡Qb| GQvov Ave~ nvbxdv Ave~ Avgi Dmgvb Avj-evËx‡K (143wn)
cvVv‡bv c‡Î hv wj‡L‡Qb ZvI Aa¨qb Ki“K|Ó193
kvBLyj Bmjvg ZvwKDÏxb Beb ZvBwgqv (661-728 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﻛﻼﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟرد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ ﻤﻌروف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر وﻗد ﺒﺴط اﻟﺤﺠﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟرد ﻋﻠﯿﻬم ﺒﻤﺎ ﻟم ﯿﺒﺴطﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬... ‫ﻓﺈن أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻏﯿرﻫم ﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻟﻛﺘﺎب‬
ÒKv`vwiqv g‡Zi wei“‡× ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’ Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ mycwiwPZ| G MÖ‡š’ wZwb Zv‡ì wei“‡× hZ
we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wdiKvi wei“‡× ZZ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib wb|Ó 194
cÖwm× kvwdqx dKxn gynv¤§v` Beb Beivnxg Beb RvgvAvn (33wn) e‡jb:
‫ﻓﺈن أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟرد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ ﺴﻤﺎﻩ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر‬
ÒAve~ nvbxdv Kv`vwiqv gZev` LÊ‡b GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib, hvi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb: ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ|Ó 195
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, wnRix 4_© kZK †_‡K AvwjgMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ wZbwU ev PviwU cyw¯—Kvi K_v
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x hyM¸‡jv‡Z K‡qKRb Avwjg Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †jLv Av‡iv K‡qKwU cyw¯—Kvi K_v D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| Aóg wnRix kZ‡K Avjvgv Avãyj Kvwì Beb Avwej Iqvdv (775 wn) Bgvg Avh‡gi iPbvewj cÖm‡½ e‡jb:
‫وﻤن ﺘﺼﺎﻨﯿﻔﻪ وﺼﺎﯿﺎﻩ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬
196
ÒZuvi MÖš’vwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÔZuvi mv_x‡ì Rb¨ Zuvi Iwmq¨vZÕ|
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G kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` eveiZx (786 wn) Òkviû Iqvwmq¨vwZj Bgvg Avex
nvbxdvnÕ bv‡g G cyw¯—KvwUi e¨vL¨v wj‡Lb|197 †KD †KD D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, G cyw¯—KvwU Zuvi cyÎ nv¤§v`-Gi iwPZ|198
cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Avng` Beb nvmvb Avj-evqv`x (1098 wn), gynv¤§v` gyiZv`v hvex`x (1205 wn), Avjøvgv gynv¤§v`
hvwn` KvImvix (1371/1952) I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg Bgvg Avh‡gi iPbvewji g‡a¨ ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ bvgK MÖ‡š’i D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb|199
Î‡qv`k wnRix kZ‡K (Ebwesk L„÷xq kZ‡K) Zzi¯‹ I fvi‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi bv‡g ÒAvj-Kvmx`vn Avb-
bygvwbq¨vnÕ ev ÔAvj-Kvmx`vn Avj-Kvwdq¨vnÕ bv‡g Av‡iKwU Kve¨-cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk cvq| Zzi¯‹ I fvi‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg
Gi AbyevÌ K‡ib| G‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvPxbZg hv‡K Rvbv hvq wZwb Zzi‡¯‹i kvBL Beivnxg Lvjxj Beb Avng` iƒgx nvbvdx
(1270 wn/1854L„)| 200 weMZ kZ‡K ÒAvj-gvKm~` wdm mvidÓ bv‡g Aviex kãZË¡ welqK GKwU cyw¯—Kv Bgvg Avh‡gi
wjwLZ e‡j cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
4. AvcwËi †cÖ¶vcU
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, PZz_© kZK †_‡K AvwjgMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ I K‡qKwU
cyw¯ÍKvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Dciš‘ Zuviv evievi e‡j‡Qb †h, Zuviv G¸‡jv mnxn mb‡ì eY©bvi gva¨‡g MÖnY I Aa¨qb
K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ ZviciI G¸‡jv wb‡q AvcwË ev m‡›`‡ni KviY Kx?
B‡Zvc~‡e© Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Z…Zxq wnRix kZvãxi ïi“ †_‡K gyZvwhjx kvm‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U A‡bK nvbvdx dKxn gyZvwhjx
gZ MÖnY K‡ib ev gyZvwhjx‡ì mv‡_ wg‡j wg‡k Pj‡Z _v‡Kb| Z…Zxq wnRix kZK †_‡K cieZ©x K‡qK kZvãx ch©š— BivK,
Bivb I ga¨ Gwkqvi A‡b‡K wdKnx wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ AbymiY Ki‡jI AvKx`vi wel‡q gyZvwhjx-Kv`vwiqv gZ
AbymiY Ki‡Zb| Avjvgv Rvi“jvn hvgvLkvix (538 wn)-i K_v Avgiv A‡b‡KB Rvwb| wZwb gyZvwhjx gZev‡ì GKRb †Muvov
Abymvix I cÖPviK wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wdKnx wel‡q wZwb nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges nvbvdx wdKn wel‡q Zuvi iwPZ
GKvwaK MÖš’ cÖwmw× jvf K‡i‡Q| GmKj gyZvwhjx-Kv`vix nvbvdxMY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡KI gyZvwhjx-Kv`vwiqv gZvej¤^x e‡j
g‡b Ki‡Zb ev wPwÎZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì g‡Zi c‡¶ A‡bK e³e¨ I Mí Zviv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi bv‡g cÖPvi
Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †jLv MÖš’¸‡jv meB AvKx`v welqK Ges gyZvwhjx-Kv`vwiqv AvKx`vi we‡ivax| GRb¨ G MÖš’¸‡jv‡K Zviv
wewfbœfv‡e †Pv‡Li Avovj ivL‡Z †Póv Ki‡Zb| G¸‡jv Bgv‡gi iwPZ bq e‡j cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv ev e¨vL¨vi bv‡g G¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ wewfbœ e³e¨ XywK‡q‡Qb| †h Kvi‡Y MÖš’¸‡jvi e¨vcK cÖPvi e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q Ges G wel‡q bvbv weZK© I m‡›`n cÖPvwiZ
n‡q‡Q|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Bgvg evh`vex Giƒc cÖPviYv LÊb K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, Bgvg Avhg gyZvwhjx ev Kv`vix wQ‡jb bv| G cÖm‡½
Aóg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Avjvgv Avãyj Kvwì Beb Avwej Iqvdv Kzivkx (696-775 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﻏرﻀﻬم ﺒذﻟك ﻨﻔﻲ أن ﯿﻛون اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر‬...‫ ﻓﺈن ﻗﻠت ﻟﯿس ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻤﺼﻨف ﻗﻠت ﻫذا ﻛﻼم اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ‬:‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻛردري‬
‫وﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺎﻟم واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠم ﻟﻪ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺼرح ﻓﯿﻪ ﺒﺄﻛﺜر ﻗواﻋد أﻫل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ودﻋواﻫم أﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻤن اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ وذﻟك اﻟﻛﺘﺎب ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺨﺎري وﻫذا ﻏﻠط ﺼرﯿﺢ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ رأﯿت ﺒﺨط اﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻤوﻻﻨﺎ ﺸﻤس اﻟﻤﻠﺔ واﻟدﯿن اﻟﻛردري اﻟﺒزاﺘﻘﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺎدي ﻫذﯿن اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﯿن وﻛﺘب ﻓﯿﻬﻤﺎ‬
... ‫أﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻗﺎل ﺘواطﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺜﯿر ﻤن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺌﺦ‬
201
Kvi`vix e‡jb: ÒAvcwb hw` e‡jb †h, ÔAve~ nvbxdv †Kv‡bv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib wbÕ, Z‡e Avwg eje †h, G gyÕZvwhjx‡ì
K_v| ... Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv, Avj-wdKûj AvKevi Ges Avj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjg MÖš’Øq Zuvi iwPZ bq e‡j `vwe Kiv|
KviY Bgvg G `y‡Uv MÖ‡š’ Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AwaKvsk g~jbxwZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| gyZvwhjxiv `vwe K‡i †h, Bgvg Ave~
nvwbdv gyZvwhjx wQ‡jb| Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ Ave~ nvbxdv Avj-eyLvix bvgK GKe¨w³i †jLv| G K_vwU my¯úó
weåvwš—| KviY gvIjvbv kvgmyj wgjvwZ IqvÏxb Kvi`vix evhvwZKbx Bgv`xi wb‡Ri nv‡Z Abywjwc Kiv G `y‡Uv MÖš’ Avgvi n¯—MZ
n‡q‡Q Ges wZwb G`y‡Uv MÖ‡š’B wj‡L †i‡L‡Qb †h, MÖš’Øq Bgv‡gi iwPZ| wZwb e‡j‡Qb: eûmsL¨K gvkvBL (cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn)
G wel‡q GKgZ|Ó202
Giƒc AccÖPv‡ii Kvi‡Y Bgvg Avhg iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jv Zuvi Abymvix‡ì g‡aÏ †Zgb cÖPvi jvf K‡i wb| ÔAvj-wdKûj
AvKeviÕ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’i cvÊywjwcI LyeB Kg cvIqv †hZ| Avjvgv Avãyj Kvwì Beb Avwej Iqvdv Kzivkx Bgvg
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Avh‡gi iPbvewj Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ e‡jb:

‫وﻗد ﺸرﺤت اﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻷﻛﺒر وﻀﻤﺘﻨﻪ وﺼﺎﯿﺎﻩ ﺒﺤﻤد اﷲ وﻟﻌﻠﻲ إذا ظﻔرت ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠم واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠم أﺸرﺤﻪ ﺒﻌون اﷲ وﺘوﻓﯿﻘﻪ‬
ÒAvj-nvg`y wjjvn, Avwg ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖš’wUi e¨vL¨v iPbv K‡iwQ| Gi g‡a¨ Bgv‡gi Iwmq¨vZ¸‡jvI
mshy³ K‡iwQ| hw` ÔAvj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjgÕ MÖš’wUi mÜvb cvB Zvn‡j Avkv ivwL †h, Avwg Avjvni mvnv‡h¨ I
ZvIdx‡K G MÖš’wUiI e¨vL¨v wjLe|Ó 203
G †_‡K Avgiv eywS †h, mßg kZ‡KI Bgvg Avh‡gi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖš’ GZB `y®cÖvc¨ wQj †h, Giƒc GKRb cÖwm×
I e¨vcK Aa¨qb wbf©i nvbvdx Avwj‡gi RbÏ G mKj MÖš’ msMÖn m¤¢e nq wb|
5. we`¨gvb MÖš’¸‡jvi mb` ch©v‡jvPbv
Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, Dc‡ii 7wU cyw¯—Kv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iwPZ e‡j cÖPvwiZ| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me©‡kl cyw¯—Kv `y‡Uvi
†Kv‡bv mb` cvIqv hvq bv| c~e©eZ©x †Kv‡bv M‡elK, HwZnvwmK ev RxebxKviI G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bviƒc D‡jL K‡ib wb| G¸‡jvi
cÖvPxb †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwcI cvIqv hvq bv| GRb¨ G cyw¯—KvØq weMZ K‡qK kZ‡Ki g‡a¨ †KD iPbv K‡i Bgvg Avh‡gi bv‡g
RvwjqvwZ K‡i cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb e‡j †gvUvgywU wbwðZ nIqv hvq| GQvov cyw¯—Kv `y‡Uvi welqe¯‘, fvlv I cwifvlvI RvwjqvwZ wbwðZ
K‡i|204 Aewkó 5wU cyw¯—Kvi mb` Avgiv GLv‡b D‡jL KiwQ|
(1) Avj-wdKûj AvKevi (†kÖô wdKn)
g`xbv gybvIqvivi mycÖwm× cÖvPxb MÖš’vMvi I cÖvPxb cvÊywjwci msi¶YvMvi ÔkvBLyj Bmjvg Avwid wnKgvZ-Gi jvB‡eªwiÕ‡Z
we`¨gvb G MÖš’wUi cÖvPxb cvÊywjwci (bs 234) mb` wbgœiƒc: cyw¯—KvwU ï‡b‡Qb I eY©bv K‡i‡Qb cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn bvmxi Beb
BqvnBqv evjLx (268 wn) cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn gynv¤§v` Beb gyKvwZj ivhx (248 wn) †_‡K, wZwb cÖwm× gynvwÏm I nvbvdx dKxn
Bmvg Beb BDm~d evjLx (215 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cyÎ cÖwm× dKxn Bgvg nv¤§v` Beb Avex nvbxdv (176 wn)
†_‡K, wZwb Zuvi wcZv †_‡K|205
(2) Avj-wdKûj AvemvZ (we¯ÍvwiZ wdKn)
G MÖš’wU g~jZ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i wØZxq fvl¨| MÖš’wUi msKjK Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ Bgvg Ave~ gyZx evjLx
nvKvg Beb Avãyjvn Beb gymwjg Lyivmvbx (199 wn)| wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K AvKx`v wel‡q wKQz cÖkœ K‡ib| G mKj cÖkœ I
DË‡ii msKjb G MÖš’wU| A‡b‡KB G cyw¯—KvwU‡K ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ bv‡g D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x Aby‡”Q‡` Avgiv
welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kie|
Bgvg Ave~ gyZx evjLx AZ¨š— cÖwm× dKxn wQ‡jb| wZwb `xN©w`b wePviK ev Kvhxi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| b¨v‡qi
Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡l‡a wZwb Av‡cvlnxb wQ‡jb| Bgvg hvnvex I Beb nvRvi D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Zuvi Bj‡gi cÖk¯—Zv
Ges Zuvi AZzjbxq `xb`vixi Kvi‡Y cÖwm× gynvwÏm Avãyjvn Bebyj gyeviK Zuv‡K AZ¨š— m¤§vb I fw³ Ki‡Zb| Z‡e wZwb
gyZvwhjx I gyiwRqv gZev` Øviv cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb Ges nv`xm eY©bvq `ye©j wQ‡jb e‡j Bgvg Avng`, eyLvix, Ave~ `vD`, Ave~
nvwZg ivhx, bvmvC, Beb wneŸvb, Beb Av`x cÖgyL gynvwÏm D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| gnvb AvjvnB fvj Rv‡bb| 206
wgm‡ii cÖvPxb ivóªxq MÖš’vMvi Ò`vi“j KzZzeÓ-G we`¨gvb G MÖ‡š’i cvÊywjwci (bs 215-64) mb` wbgœiƒc| MÖš’wU
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb nvbvdx wdK‡ni mycÖwm× MÖš’ ev`vBDm mvbvB-Gi cÖ‡YZv kvBL Ave~ eKi AvjvDÏxb Kvmvbx (587wn), wZwb
Zuvi k¦ïi mycÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn AvjvDÏxb gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` mvgviKv›`x †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj gyqxb gvBg~b Beb gynv¤§v`
bvmvdx (508 wn) †_‡K, wZwb cÖwm× Iqvwqh I gynvwÏm Ave~ Avãyjvn ûmvBb Beb Avjx dv`j (484 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Ave~
gvwjK bymivb Beb bvmi LvZvjx †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb Avng` dvwim †_‡K, wZwb bvmxi Beb BqvnBqv (268
wn) †_‡K, wZwb Ave~ gyZx evjLx †_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K| 207
(3) Avj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjg (Ávbx I wkÿv_©x)
G MÖ‡š’i welqe¯‘ cÖkœ I DËi| G MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ gyKvwZj nvdm Beb mvjg mvgviKv›`x (208 wn) Zuvi Dm&Zv`
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K AvKx`v welqK wewfbœ cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb G mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡q‡Qb| Ave~ gyKvwZj wb‡Ri
fvlvq G mKj cÖkœ I DËi msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, MÖš’wU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi iPbv bq, eis Ave~ gyKvwZ‡ji iPbv, hv‡Z wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
gZvgZ msKjb K‡i‡Qb, †hgb Bgvg gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb kvBevbx Zuvi Avj-gvem~Z MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi gZvgZ cÖkœ
DË‡ii gva¨‡g msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e †h‡nZz G MÖ‡š’ ïay Zuvi gZ I K_vB msKwjZ GRb¨ MÖš’wU Zuvi iwPZ e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb
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A‡bK Avwjg| Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, G MÖš’wUi iPwqZv Bgvg Ave~ gyKvwZj| 208
G MÖ‡š’i msKjK Ave~ gyKvwZj AZ¨š— cÖwm× Avwe`, hvwn` I ì‡ek wQ‡jb| Z‡e nv`xm, wdKn I Bj‡gi eY©bvq
gynvwÏmMY Zuv‡K `ye©j e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| AwaKvsk Avwe` I hvwn`B AwZwi³ Bev`‡Zi Kvi‡Y Bjgx wel‡q ZZ g‡bv‡hvM I
mZK©Zv ivL‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| IKx Bebyj Rvi&ivn, Avãyi ivngvb Beb gvn`x, KzZvBev Beb mvC`, R~hRvbx, nvwKg bvBmvc~ix,
Ave~ byAvBg Bmcvnvbx cÖgyL gynvwÏm Zuv‡K eY©bvi †¶‡Î AZ¨š— `ye©j e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Ave~ Bqvjv Avj-Lvjxjx Zuv‡K
mZ¨civqY e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|209 Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Ab¨ QvÎ cÖwm× gynvwÏm Bgvg Avãyjvn Bebyj gyevivK e‡jb:
‫ﺨذوا ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺘل ﻋﺒﺎدﺘﻪ وﺤﺴﺒﻛم‬
Ò‡Zvgiv Ave~ gyKvwZj †_‡K Zuvi Bev`Z-e‡›`wM MÖnY Ki‡e Ges Zv-B †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ h‡_ó|Ó 210
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg wZiwghx e‡jb:
‫ى ﻓَ َﺠ َﻌ َل َﯿ ْرِوى َﻋ ْن َﻋ ْو ِن ْﺒ ِن أَﺒِﻰ َﺸ ﱠد ٍاد‬
‫ﱠﻤ ْرﻗَْﻨِد ﱢ‬ ٍِ ِ ِ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎﻟ َﺢ ْﺒ َن َﻋْﺒد اﻟﻠﻪ َﯿﻘُو ُل ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ ﻋْﻨ َد أَﺒﻰ ُﻤﻘَﺎﺘل اﻟﺴ‬
ِ ‫ت‬ ِ ٍ ِ
َ ُ ‫وﺴﻰ ْﺒ ُن ﺤَزام ﻗَﺎ َل َﺴﻤ ْﻌ‬ َ ‫َﺨَﺒَرﻨِﻰ ُﻤ‬ ْ‫أ‬
‫َﺨﻰ أَﺒِﻰ ُﻤﻘَﺎﺘِ ٍل َﯿﺎ َﻋ ﱢم ﻻَ ﺘَُﻘ ْل‬ ِ ‫ﯿث ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل ﻟَﻪ ْاﺒن أ‬ َ ‫َﺤ ِﺎد‬ ِِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫اﻟطو َ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷَﺤ ِﺎد َ ﱢ‬
ُ ُ َ ‫ﺎن َوﻗَ ْﺘ ِل َﺴﻌﯿد ْﺒ ِن ُﺠَﺒْﯿ ٍر َو َﻤﺎ أَ ْﺸَﺒﻪَ َﻫذﻩ اﻷ‬ َ ‫ﺎن َﯿ ْرِوى ﻓﻰ َوﺼﯿﱠﺔ ﻟُ ْﻘ َﻤ‬ َ ‫ال اﻟﺘﻰ َﻛ‬ َ ‫ﯿث‬ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫َﻫل اْﻟ َﺤدﯿث ﻓﻰ ﻗَ ْوٍم ﻤ ْن ﺠﻠﺔ أ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ
‫وﻫ ْم ﻤ ْن‬ُ ُ‫ﻀﻌﱠﻔ‬
َ ‫َﻫل اْﻟﻌْﻠم َو‬ ْ‫ض أ‬ُ ‫ َوﻗَ ْد ﺘَ َﻛﻠ َم َﺒ ْﻌ‬.‫ﺎل َﯿﺎ ُﺒَﻨ ﱠﻰ ُﻫ َو َﻛﻼٌَم َﺤ َﺴ ٌن‬ َ ‫َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ َﻋ ْو ٌن ﻓَﺈﱠﻨ َك ﻟَ ْم ﺘَ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻊ َﻫذﻩ اﻷَ ْﺸَﯿ‬
َ َ‫ ﻗ‬.‫ﺎء‬
‫ض َﻤﺎ َرَوْوا‬ِ ‫ﺼ ْدِﻗ ِﻬ ْم ٕوِا ْن َﻛ ُﺎﻨوا ﻗَ ْد وِﻫ ُﻤوا ِﻓﻰ َﺒ ْﻌ‬
ِ ‫آﺨرون ِﻤن اﻷَﺌِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ﺒِﺠﻼَﻟَﺘِ ِﻬم و‬
َ
ِ ِ ِ
َ َ ُ َ ‫ﻗَﺒ ِل ﺤ ْﻔظ ِﻬ ْم َوَوﺜﱠﻘَﻬُ ْم‬
َ َ َ ْ
ÒAvgv‡ì‡K g~mv Beb wnhvg (250 wn) e‡j‡Qb, Avwg mvwjn Beb Avãyjvn (231 wn)-‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Avgiv Ave~
gyKvwZj mvgviKv›`xi wbKU wQjvg| wZwb AvIb Beb Avex kvÏv` †_‡K eo eo nv`xm eY©bv KiwQ‡jb, †h mKj nv`x‡m
jyKgvb nvKx‡gi ImxqZ, mvC` Beb RyevB‡ii wbnZ nIqvi NUbv I Abyiƒc welqvw` wQj| ZLb Ave~ gyKvwZ‡ji fvwZRv
e‡jb: PvPv, Avcwb e‡jb bv †h, AvIb Avgv‡ì‡K G nv`xm e‡j‡Qb; KviY Avcwb †Zv G mKj nv`xm Zuvi †_‡K ï‡bb
wb| ZLb Ave~ gyKvwZj e‡jb: †eUv, ÔG K_v¸wj‡Zv my›ì!Õ wZiwghx e‡jb, A‡bK mycÖwm× gnvb Avwj‡gi wel‡q A‡bK
gynvwÏm AvcwË cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuv‡ì‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb Zuv‡ì ¯§„wZkw³ I nv`xm wbf©yj gyL¯’ ivLvi `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y|
Avevi A‡b‡K Zuv‡ì‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb Zuv‡ì gh©v`v I mZëvw`Zvi Kvi‡Y, hwÌ Zuviv Zuv‡ì ewY©Z wKQz nv`x‡m
AmveavbZv RwbZ fyjåvwš—‡Z wbcwZZ n‡q‡Qb|Ó 211
Bgvg wZiwghx msKwjZ G NUbvi mb` mnxn| G †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, Bgvg Ave~ gyKvwZj eY©bvi †¶‡Î AZ¨š—
AmZK© wQ‡jb| Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK ì‡e‡ki gZB g‡b Ki‡Zb, K_v hw` fvj nq Z‡e Zv †Kv‡bv fvj gvby‡li bv‡g ej‡j †`vl
†bB!! cvkvcvwk Bgvg wZiwghxi e³e¨ †_‡K eyS‡Z cvwi †h, Beb gyKvwZj AZ¨š— cÖwm× I gh©v`vm¤úbœ Avwjg wQ‡jb, hviv Zuvi
wel‡q AvcwË K‡i‡Qb Zuviv ïay wbf©yj eY©bvq Zuvi `ye©jZvi Kvi‡YB Zv K‡i‡Qb| Avevi hviv Zuv‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb ZvivI
Zuvi G `ye©jZvi wel‡q m‡PZb| Z‡e Zuvi gh©v`v I g~j mZ¨civqYZvi Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb|
wewfbœ cvÊywjwc‡Z MÖš’wUi GKvwaK mb` cvIqv hvq| wgm‡ii `vi“j KzZz‡e we`¨gvb cvÊywjwci (bs 34147) mb` wbgœiƒc:
cyw¯—KvwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb kvBL Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb Ljxj w`gvkKx (651 wn), wZwb Aveyj nvmvb eyinvbyÏxb Avjx Bebyj nvmvb
evjLx (548 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj gyqxb gvBg~b Beb gynv¤§v` bvmvdx (508 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Zuvi wcZv gynv¤§v` bvmvdx †_‡K,
wZwb Avãyj Kvixg Beb g~mv evh`vex bvmvdx (390 wn) †_‡K, wZwb (gvZzwi`x g‡Zi cÖwZôvZv) Bgvg Ave~ gvbm~i gvZzix`x (333
wn) †_‡K, wZwb Ave~ eKi Avng` Beb BmnvK R~hRvbx †_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ BDm~‡di QvÎ cÖwm× gynvwÏm I dKxn Ave~
myjvBgvb g~mv Beb myjvBgvb R~hRvbx †_‡K Ges cÖwm× dKxn I gynvwÏm gynv¤§v` Beb gyKvwZj ivhx (248 wn) †_‡K, Zviv
Df‡q Ave~ g~Zx nvKvg Beb Avãyjvn evjLx (199 wn) I Ave~ Bmgvn Bmvg Beb BDmyd evjLx (215 wn) †_‡K Zuviv Df‡q Ave~
gyKvwZj mvgviKv›`x †_‡K, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K| 212
(4) Avi-wimvjvn ev Dmgvb evËx‡K †jLv cÎ
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK emivi mycÖwm× Kvco eëmvqx, gynvwÏm, wKqvmcš’x dKxn I wePviK wQ‡jb Ave~ Avgi
Dmgvb Beb gymwjg Avj-evËx (143 wn)| wZwb g~jZ K~dvi Awaevmx wQ‡jb, c‡i emivq emevm K‡ib| evËx ï‡bb †h, Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv gyiwRqv gZev` MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb G wel‡q Rvb‡Z †P‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡K cÎ wj‡Lb| G c‡Îi DË‡i Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi gZ e¨vL¨v K‡i I Zuvi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM LÊb K‡i G cÎwU Zv‡K wj‡L cvVvb|
g`xbv gybvIqvivi ÒAvwid wnKgvZ jvB‡eªwiÓ-‡Z msiw¶Z G cyw¯—Kvi cvÊywjwci (bs 234) mb` wbgœiƒc: cÎwU eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb ûmvgyÏxb ûmvBb Beb Avjx wmMbvKx (710 wn), wZwb nvwdhyÏxb gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb bvmi eyLvix (693 wn)
†_‡K, wZwb kvgmyj Avwq¤§vn gynv¤§v` Beb Avãym mvËvi Kvi`vix (642 wn) †_‡K, wZwb (†n`vqvi cÖ‡YZv) Avjvgv eyinvbyÏxb
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Avjx Beb Avex evKi gviMxbvbx (593 wn) †_‡K, wZwb whqvDÏxb gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb Bqvim~Lx (545 wn) †_‡K, wZwb
AvjvDÏxb Ave~ eKi gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` mvgviKv›`x (539 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj gyqxb gvBg~b Beb gynv¤§v` bvmvdx (508 wn)
†_‡K, wZwb Ave~ hvKvwiqv BqvnBqv Beb gyZwid evjLx †_‡K, wZwb Ave~ mvwjn gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb mvgviKv›`x †_‡K, wZwb
Ave~ mvC` mvÕ`vb Beb gynv¤§v` Beb evKi eymZx †_‡K, wZwb Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb Avng` dvwim †_‡K, wZwb bvmxi Beb
BqvnBqv (268 wn) †_‡K, wZwb gynv¤§v` Beb mvgvAvn Zvgxgx (233 wn) †_‡K wZwb Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d (182 wn) †_‡K, wZwb
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K|Ó213
(5) Iwmq¨vn
G cyw¯—KvwU‡Z Cgvb-AvKx`v wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi wKQz ÔIwmqZÕ msKwjZ| g`xbv gybvIqvivi ÒkvBLyj Bmjvg
Avwid wnKgvZ jvB‡eªwiÓ-‡Z msiw¶Z G cyw¯—Kvi cvÊywjwci (bs 234) mb` wbgœiƒc:
Iwmq¨vZwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ûmvgyÏxb ûmvBb Beb Avjx wmMbvKx (710 wn), wZwb nvwdhyÏxb gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb
bvmi eyLvix (693 wn), wZwb kvgmyj Avwq¤§vn gynv¤§v` Beb Avãym mvËvi Kvi`vix (642 wn) †_‡K, wZwb †n`vqvi cÖ‡YZv Avjvgv
eyinvbyÏxb Avjx Beb Avex evKi gviMxbvbx (593 wn) †_‡K, wZwb whqvDÏxb gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb b~m~Lx (545 wn) †_‡K, wZwb
AvjvDÏxb Ave~ eKi gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` mvgviKv›`x (539 wn), wZwb Aveyj gyqxb gvBg~b Beb gynv¤§v` bvmvdx (508 wn)
†_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ Zvwni gynv¤§v` Bebyj gvn`x ûmvBbx †_‡K, wZwb BmnvK Beb gvbm~i Avj-wgmBqvix †_‡K, wZwb Avng`
Beb Avjx myjvBgvbx †_‡K wZwb nvwZg Beb AvKxj RvInvix †_‡K, wZwb Ave~ Avãyjvn gynv¤§v` Beb mvgvAvn Zvgxgx (233 wn)
†_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d BqvK‚e Beb Beivnxg (182 wn) †_‡K, wZwb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K|Ó214
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ wZbwU cy¯—‡Ki K_v Z…Zxq-PZz_© kZK †_‡KB cÖwmw×
jvf K‡i‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡j Av‡iv K‡qKwU cyw¯—Kvi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸wji g‡a¨ ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ MÖš’wUi K_v
A‡bK cÖvPxb Avwjg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wUi mb` we`¨gvb Ges eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i wewfbœ MÖš’vMv‡i MÖš’wUi A‡bK cÖvPxb cvÊywjwc
we`¨gvb|
6. Avj-wdKûj AvKevi I AvemvZ
Avgiv †`LwQ †h, ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖš’wUi `ywU fvl¨ we`¨gvb: GKwU Zuvi cyÎ nv¤§v‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z Ges Ab¨wU Zuvi
QvÎ Ave~ gyZx evjLxi m~‡Î ewY©Z Ges ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ bv‡g cÖwm×| cyw¯ÍKv `ywUi mvims‡ÿc wb¤œiƒc:
(1) Avj-wdKûj AvemvZ cyw¯ÍKvwU AvKv‡i Avj-wdKûj AvKevi-Gi cÖvq wZb¸Y| Avjøvgv gynv¤§v` hvwn` KvImvixi
m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ-Gi c„ôvmsL¨v 18 Ges ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKev‡iiÕ c„ôv msL¨v 6|
(2) Avj-wdKûj Avemv‡Z g~jZ `ywU welq AwZ wek` I we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q: (1) Cgv‡bi cwiPq, msÁv,
Cgvb I Avgv‡ji m¤úK©, LvwiRx-gyiwRqv cÖvwšÍKZv, ZvKwdi ev gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejv Ges (2) ZvK`xi cÖm½| Gi g‡a¨ AvKx`vi
Av‡iv wKQz welq, †hgb: mvnvexM‡Yi fvjevmv, Rvwjg miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨, we‡`ªvnx‡ì weiæ‡× hy×, D¤§v‡Zi wefw³, weÀvZ,
gnvb Avjøvni Avi‡k Awaôvb I EaŸ©Z¡, gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY BZ¨vw` welq cÖm½Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi wecix‡Z Avj-
wdKûj AvKev‡i Dc‡ii welq¸‡jv QvovI ZvInx`, wkiK, AviKvbyj Cgvb, bexM‡Yi wb®úvcZ¡, cvcxi BgvgZ¡, †bK Avgj
Key‡ji kZ© I web‡ói KviYvw`, gywRhv-KvivgZ, wgivR, ivm~jyjøvn ()- AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, Ke‡ii Ae¯’v, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ,
AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvni `k©b, kvdvAvZ, gxhvb, nvDh BZ¨vw` Av‡iv A‡bK welq ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wdKûj Avemv‡Zi
g~j welq`y‡Uv Zzjbvg~jK ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY welqwU we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(3) ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-G AvKx`vi welq¸‡jv ms‡ÿ‡c mnR‡eva¨ fvlvq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÿvšÍ‡i ÔAvj-
wdKûj AvemvZÕ-G QvÎ-wkÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g `xN© I RwUj hyw³ZK© †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, cyw¯—Kv `y‡Uvi welqe¯‘ g~jZ GK| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv †Kvb&wU g~j ÔwdKûj AvKeviÕ? †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
M‡elK gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ MÖš’wUB g~j ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ| Zuv‡ì hyw³ wb¤œiƒc:
(K) PZz_© wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn Bgvg Aveyj jvBm mvgviKv›`x bvmi Beb gynv¤§v` (373 wn) ÔAvj-wdKûj
AvKeviÕ ej‡Z Ave~ gyZxi m~‡Î ewY©Z cyw¯ÍKvwU eywS‡q‡Qb Ges cyw¯ÍKvwUi e¨vL¨v iPbv K‡ib| 215
(L) Avgiv †`‡LwQ cÂg wnRix kZ‡K Avjvgv Aveyj gyhvd&dvi kvnd‚i (471 wn) D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Avj-wdKûj
AvKevi MÖš’wU Ave~ gyZxi m~‡Î ewY©Z| Aóg kZ‡K kvBLyj Bmjvg Beb ZvBwgqv (728 wn) I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg ÔAvj-wdKûj
AvKeviÕ ej‡Z Ave~ gyZxi m~‡Î ewY©Z cyw¯ÍKvwUB eywS‡q‡Qb|216
Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q cÖZxqgvb nq †h, ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ bv‡g cÖwm× cyw¯ÍKvwUI c~e©eZ©x‡ì wbKU cÖwmw× jvf K‡iwQj|
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wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv jÿYxq:
(K) Bgvg Zvnvex (238-321 wn) iwPZ ÔAvKx`vn Zvnvweq¨vnÕ cyw¯—Kvi welqe¯‘, e³e¨ I Dc¯’vcbvi mv‡_ Bgvg
nv¤§v‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ bv‡g cÖwm× MÖš’wUi A‡bK wgj i‡q‡Q| Bgvg Zvnvex D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_xØ‡qi AvKx`v eY©bvq wZwb cyw¯ÍKvwU iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ AvKx`v welqK cyw¯ÍKv¸‡jvi ga¨
†_‡K nv¤§v` ewY©Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi mv‡_B Zvnvexi cyw¯ÍKvwUi welq I Dc¯’vcbvi m‡e©v”P wgj i‡q‡Q| GQvov Bgvg
Zvnvex AvKx`v welqK Ggb wKQz welq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb hv Bgvg nv¤§v` ewY©Z cyw¯ÍKv Qvov Bgvg Avh‡gi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cyw¯ÍKvq
†bB| G‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Bgvg Zvnvex G MÖš’wUi Dci wbf©i K‡iwQ‡jb|
(L) Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg evh`vex (400-482 wn) e‡j‡Qb, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi Avj-wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’
Ôgnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jv cÖgvY K‡i‡QbÕ| G‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wZwb nv¤§v` Beb Avex nvbxdvi m~‡Î ewY©Z ÔAvj-
wdKûj AvKeviÕ bv‡g cÖwm× cyw¯ÍKvwUB eySv‡”Qb| G cyw¯ÍKv‡ZB Bgvg Avhg we‡klY cÖm½ I ZvK`xi cÖm½ mgvb ¸iæZ¡
w`‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| cÿvšÍ‡i Avj-wdKûj AvemvZ cyw¯ÍKvq ZvK`xi I Cgvb cÖm½ AwZ wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡jI we‡klY wel‡q AwZ-ms‡ÿc wKQz K_v e‡j‡Qb|
(M) Aóg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn I AvKx`vwe` Beb Avwej B¾ nvbvdx (792 wn) Òkviûj AvKx`vn AvZ-
Zvnvweq¨vnÓ MÖ‡š’ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ÔBgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖš’ †_‡K D×„wZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| G D×„wZ¸‡jv
nv¤§v‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’ ûeû we`¨gvb|217
(N) `kg-GKv`k wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn kvBL Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` gvMbxmvex (1000 wn) Ges †gvjv
Avjx Beb myjZvb Kvix nvbvdx (1014 wn) nv¤§v`-Gi m~‡Î ewY©Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨v iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
MÖš’`y‡Uv gyw`ªZ|
(O) Avgiv †`LwQ †h, MÖš’wUi cvÐzwjwç‡jvi mb` we`¨gvb| welqe¯‘i w`‡K jÿ¨ Ki‡j Avgiv †`wL †h, Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv iwPZ AvKx`v welqK Ab¨ PviwU cyw¯ÍKvi mKj welq G cyw¯ÍKvq mwbœ‡ewkZ| GRb¨ mb` I gZ‡bi w`K †_‡K
cyw¯ÍKvwU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ e‡j Rvbv hvq|
evn¨Z cÖZxqgvb nq †h, `y‡Uv cyw¯ÍKv-B ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ| cyw¯ÍKv`y‡Uv GKB MÖ‡š’i `ywU fvl¨ (version)| Avgiv
†`‡LwQ, †m mg‡qi cÖwm× AvwjgMY Zuv‡ì msKwjZ welq¸‡jv wewfbœ mg‡q QvÎ‡ì‡K c‡o ïbv‡Zb ev †jLv‡Zb| G‡Z
welqe¯‘ Ges web¨v‡mi g‡a¨ wKQz e¨wZµg n‡Zv| GRb¨ Bgvg gvwj‡Ki ÔgyAvËvÕ-i K‡qK WRb fvl¨ Ges Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi
ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ-Gi K‡qKwU fv‡lï b¨vq ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-GiI `ywU fvl¨ i‡q‡Q|
Bgvg nv¤§v‡ì m~‡Î ewY©Z I ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ MÖš’wU‡Z mnR mij fvlvq AvKx`vi g~j welq¸wj
msKwjZ| evn¨Z Zv Bgv‡gi wb‡Ri †jLv ev Zuvi gy‡Li e³‡eï msKjb| Avi wØZxq MÖš’wU‡Z Bgvg Ave~ gyZx Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdvi gZ I e³e¨ wb‡Ri c×wZ‡Z msKjb K‡ib| A_©vr wØZxq MÖš’wUi †jLK I msKjK Bgvg Ave~ gyZx, Z‡e Gi welqe¯‘
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨| m¤¢eZ GRb¨ Bgvg hvnvex, Avãyj nvB jvLbex cÖgyL Avwjg Bgvg Ave~ gyZx evjLx‡KB ÔAvj-wdKûj
AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii wØZxq fvl¨ ev ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ eywS‡q‡Qb|218
Dc‡i Avgiv Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii K‡qKRb e¨vL¨vKv‡ii bvg D‡jL K‡iwQ| Av‡iv A‡b‡KB cyw¯—KvwUi e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb:
(1) Avjvgv gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` eveiZx (786 wn) 219
(2) kvBL BjBqvm Beb Beivnxg mxb~ex ZzK©x (891 wn) 220
(3) gynv¤§v` Beb evnvDÏxb hv`vn ivngvex (952 wn) 221
(4) kvBL gywnDÏxb gynv¤§v` Beb jyrdzjvn exivgx (956 wn) 222
(5) kvBL b~i“jvn Beb gynv¤§v` kviIqvbx (1065 wn) 223
weMZ K‡qK kZ‡K ga¨cÖv‡P¨ A‡bK Avwjg MÖš’wUi e¨vL¨v iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
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Contents
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`:
Avj-wdKûj AvKevi I Bmjvgx AvKx`v
1. Cgvb, AvKx`v I Ab¨vb¨ cwifvlv
Avj-wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’i Av‡jvP¨ welq Bmjvgx ag©-wek¦vm| wek¦vm eySv‡Z KziAvb-nv`x‡m ÔCgvbÕ kãwUB
eëüZ| ZvweqxM‡Yi hyM †_‡K G wel‡q wewfbœ cwifvlv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg:
(1) Avj-wdKûj AvKevi: †kªôZg wdKn| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) AvKx`v wel‡q iwPZ Zuvi cÖwm× MÖš’wUi bvg
†i‡L‡Qb ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ| m¤¢eZ ÔAvKx`vÕ eySv‡Z GwUB cÖvPxbZg cwifvlv|
(2) BjgyZ ZvInx`: GKZ¡ev‡ì Ávb ev ZvInx` kv¯¿| ÔZvInx`Õ A_© GKZ¡ ev gnvb Avjvni GK‡Z¡i wek¦vm|
Bmjvgx Cgvb ev wek¦vm‡K ÔZvInx`Õ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq Ges G welqK Ávb‡K ÔBjgyZ ZvInx`Õ ev ZvInx‡ì Ávb ejv
nq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Avj-wdKûj AvKevi MÖ‡š’ ÔBjgyj AvKx`vÕ-†K ÔBjgyZ ZvInx`Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| G
cwifvlvwUI wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© kZ‡K we‡kl cwiwPZ jvf K‡i|
(3) Avm-mybœvn| ÔmybœvZÕ ev ÔmybœvnÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK I cvwifvwlK A_© m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ ÔGnBqvDm
mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’| ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h, ÔmybœvnÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_©: gyL, Qwe, cÖwZ”Qwe, cÖK…wZ, Rxeb c×wZ, Kg©aviv
BZ¨vw`| Bmjvgx kixq‡Z ÔmybœvZÕ A_© ivm~ijyjøvn ()-Gi K_v, Kg©, Aby‡gv`b ev GK K_vq Zuvi mvgwMÖK Rxebv`k©| 224
Avgiv †`Le †h, Bmjvgx ag© wek¦v‡m weåvwš—i D‡b¥l N‡U wek¦v‡mi wel‡q mybœvZ eR©b K‡i hyw³i Dci wbf©i Kivi Kvi‡Y|
GRb¨ wek¦v‡mi wel‡q ivm~jyjvn () I mvnvexM‡Yi g~jbxwZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Z…Zxq kZvãx †_‡K A‡bK Avwjg ÔAvm-
mybœvnÕ bv‡g ÔAvKx`vÕ wel‡q A‡bK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G‡ì Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^vj (241 wn)| Zuvi ci
A‡bK cÖwm× Avwjg ÔAvm-mybœvnÕ bv‡g AvKx`v welqK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
(4) Avk-kvixÔAvn| ÔkvixqvZÕ ev ÔkvixÔAvnÕ A_© b`xi NvU, Rjvk‡q cvwb cv‡bi ¯’vb, c_ BZ¨vw`| Bmjv‡gi
cwifvlvq ÔkvixÔAvnÕ kãwUi wewfbœ A_© i‡q‡Q| †m¸wji g‡a¨ GKwU A_© Òag© wek¦vmÓ ev wek¦vm welqK g~jbxwZmg~n| 225
Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Bgvg ÒAvk-kvixÔAvnÓ bv‡g AvKx`v welqK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
(5) Dm~jyÏxb ev Dm~jywÏqvbvn: `x‡bi wfwËmg~n| PZz_© kZK †_‡K †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg AvKx`v eySv‡Z G
cwifvlvwU eënvi K‡i‡Qb|
(6) AvKx`v| ag©-wek¦vm welqK cÖwm×Zg cwifvlv ÔAvKx`vÕ| AvKx`v I BÕwZKv` kãØq Aviex ÔAvK&` (‫ )ﻋﻘد‬kã †_‡K
M„nxZ| Gi A_© eÜb Kiv, wMiv †Ìqv, Pzw³ Kiv, k³ nIqv BZ¨vw`| fvlvwe` Beb dvwim G k‡ãi A_© eY©bv K‡i e‡jb:
ÒkãwUi g~j A_© GKwUB: `„p KiY, `„pfv‡e eÜb, aviY ev wbf©i Kiv| kãwU hZ A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q Zv meB GB A_© †_‡K
M„nxZ|226
P25F
Ôwek¦vmÕ ev ag©wek¦vm A‡_© ÔAvKx`vÕ I ÔBÕwZKv`Õ k‡ãi eënvi KziAvb I nv`x‡m †`Lv hvq bv| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi hy‡M
ev Zuvi c~‡e©i hy‡M Aviex fvlvq Ôwek¦vmÕ A‡_© ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A‡_© ÔAvKx`vÕ k‡ãi eënvi wQj e‡j Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e Ô`„p nIqvÕ
ev ÔRgvU nIqvÕ A‡_© ÔBÕwZKv`Õ kãwU eëüZ n‡q‡Q| k³ wek¦vm ev ag©-wek¦vm eySv‡Z AvKx`v k‡ãi eënvi cieZ©x hyM¸wj‡Z
e¨vcK n‡jI cÖvPxb Aviex fvlvq G eënvi †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| ÔAvKx`vÕ kãwUB KziAvb, nv`xm I cÖvPxb Aviex Awfav‡b
cvIqv hvq bv| wnRix PZz_© kZ‡Ki Av‡M G kãwUi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv hvq bv| PZz_© wnRix kZK †_‡K G cwifvlvwU cÖPjb jvf
K‡i| cieZ©x hy‡M GwUB GKgvÎ cwifvlvq cwiYZ nq|
(7) Bjgyj Kvjvg: K_vkv¯¿| Bmjvgx AvKx`v-wek¦vm welqK Av‡jvPbv ev M‡elYv‡K A‡bK mgq ÔBjgyj KvjvgÕ ejv
nq| Bjgyj AvKx`v I Bjgyj Kvjvg- Gi cv_©K¨ wel‡q Avgiv c‡i Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|227
2. Bjgyj AvKx`vi ¸i“Z¡
RvMwZK mvdj¨ I AvwLiv‡Zi gyw³i g~j wfwË weï× wek¦vm| gvby‡li gb I wek¦vm-B gvbyl‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| GRb¨
GKRb gvbyl‡K cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡Z Ges gvbeZvi c~Y©Zvq DcbxZ n‡Z weï× wek¦v‡mi Acwinvh©Zv Avgiv mn‡RB Abyaveb
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Ki‡Z cvwi| KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv †_‡K my¯úó †h, wek¦v‡mi weï×Zvi Dc‡iB gvby‡li gyw³i g~j wfwË| Avi
GRb¨B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Bjgyj AvKx`vi bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb: ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ ev †kªôZg wdKn| wek¦vm-Ávb‡K
Ò‡kªôZg wdKnÓ bvgKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Bgvg Avhg eywS‡q‡Qb †h, wdKn ev ag©xq Áv‡bi hZ kvLv i‡q‡Q me©‡kªô kvLv I `xbx
Bj‡gi †kªôZg welq Cgvb welqK Ávb| wZwb wb‡RB G e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ cyw¯—KvwUi ïi“‡Z
Ave~ gyZx evjLx (199 wn) e‡jb:
،‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫َﺤداً ِﻤ َن‬
ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫َن ﻻَ ﺘُ َﻛﻔﱢر أَﺤداً ِﻤ ْن أ‬
َ ‫ َوﻻَ ﺘَْﻨﻔ ْﻲ أ‬،‫َﻫ ِل ا ْﻟﻘْﺒﻠَﺔ ﺒِ َذ ْﻨ ٍب‬ َ َ ْ ‫ أ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل‬،‫ﺎن ْﺒ َن ﺜَﺎﺒِ ٍت َﻋ ِن ا ْﻟِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﻛَﺒ ِر‬ ِ
َ ‫ت أََﺒﺎ َﺤﻨ ْﯿﻔَﺔَ اﻟﱡﻨ ْﻌ َﻤ‬ ُ ‫َﺴﺄَْﻟ‬
‫ َوﻻَ ﺘَﺘََﺒﱠأَر ِﻤ ْن أَ َﺤ ٍد ِﻤ ْن‬،‫ك‬ ِ ‫ك ﻟَم ﯿ ُﻛ ْن ﻟِﯿ‬
َ ‫ﺼ ْﯿَﺒ‬ ُ َ ْ َ َ‫َﺨطَﺄ‬ ْ ‫َن َﻤﺎ أ‬ َ ‫ك ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْن ﻟُِﯿ ْﺨ ِطَﺌ‬
‫ َوأ ﱠ‬،‫ك‬ َ ‫َﺼ َﺎﺒ‬
َ ‫َن َﻤﺎ أ‬ ‫ َوﺘَ ْﻌﻠَ َم أ ﱠ‬،‫ف َوﺘَْﻨﻬَﻰ َﻋ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﻛ ِر‬ ِ ‫َن ﺘَﺄْﻤر ﺒِﺎ ْﻟﻤﻌرو‬
ْ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ْ ‫َوأ‬
ِ ‫ وأَن ﺘَرﱠد أَﻤر ﻋﺜْﻤﺎن وﻋﻠِ ﱟﻲ إِﻟَﻰ‬،‫ وﻻَ ﺘُواﻟِﻲ أَﺤداً ُدون أَﺤ ٍد‬، ‫اﷲ‬
.‫اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺎب رﺴو ِل‬ ِ ْ ‫أ‬
َ َ َ َ ُ َْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ ‫َﺼ َﺤ‬
ÒAvwg Ave~ nvbxdv bygvb Beb mvweZ‡K ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ (†kªôZg wdKn) m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kijvg| wZwb ej‡jb:
Zv GB †h, Zzwg †Kv‡bv Avnj wKejv‡K cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Kvwdi ej‡e bv, †Kv‡bv Cgv‡bi `vwe`v‡ii Cgv‡bi `vwe A¯^xKvi Ki‡e
bv, Zzwg b¨v‡qi Av‡`k Ki‡e Ges Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la Ki‡e, Zzwg Rvb‡e †h, †Zvgvi Dci hv wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q Zvi e¨wZµg
nIqvi †Kv‡bv c_ wQj bv Ges Zzwg hv cvI wb Zv cvIqvi wQj bv| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi †Kv‡bv mvnvexi cÖwZ AeÁv-Afw³
cÖKvk Ki‡e bv, Zuv‡ì KvD‡K ev` w`‡q KvD‡K fvjevm‡e bv, Ges Dmgvb (iv) I Avjx (iv)-Gi welq Avjvni cÖwZ mgc©Y
Ki‡e|Ó 228
ÔwdK&nÕ kãwU KziAvb I nv`x‡m eûj eëüZ GKwU kã| KziAvb nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx wewaweav‡bi Mfxi Ávb I
cÖÁv‡K ÔwdKnÕ ejv nq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, kixq‡Zi AvnKvg ev wewaweavb welqK wdKn wk¶v Kivi †P‡q
`x‡bi wek¦vm welqK wdKn AR©b Kiv AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| wZwb e‡jb:
ِ ِ‫اﻹ ْﯿﻤﺎن ﺒ‬ ‫َن َﯿﺘَ َﻌﻠﱠ َم ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ أ‬:َ‫ ﻗَﺎ َل أَُﺒ ْو َﺤﻨِْﯿﻔَﺔ‬.‫ﻀ ِل ا ْﻟِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ‬ ْ ‫ﻀ ُل ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻷ‬
ُ ‫ ُﻗ ْﻠ‬... ‫َﺤ َﻛ ِﺎم‬ ِ ِ
‫ﺎﷲ‬ َ َ ِ ‫اﻟرُﺠ ُل‬ َ ‫َﺨﺒِ ْرﻨِ ْﻲ َﻋ ْن أَ ْﻓ‬
ْ ‫ ﻓَﺄ‬:‫ت‬ َ ‫ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻘﻪُ ﻓ ْﻲ اﻟ ﱢد ْﯿ ِن أَ ْﻓ‬
...‫ف اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ َواﺘﱢﻔَﺎﻗَﻬَﺎ‬
َ َ‫اﺨﺘِﻼ‬ ْ ‫ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َواﻟ ﱠﺸ َراﺌِ َﻊ َواﻟﺴَﱡﻨ َن َوا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُد ْوَد َو‬
Ò`xb wel‡q ÁvbvR©b AvnKvg wel‡q ÁvbvR©‡bi †P‡q DËg| .... Avwg ejjvg: Zvn‡j Avcwb Avgv‡K wdK‡ni DËg welq
m¤ú‡K© ejyb| Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: †kªô wdKn GB †h, gvbyl Avjvni cÖwZ Cgvb wk¶v Ki‡e, kixq‡Zi wewaweavb, mybœvZ,
mxgv‡iLv Ges D¤§v‡Zi gZ‡f` I HKgZ¨ wk¶v Ki‡e|Ó229
GLv‡b Bgvg Avhg `xb I AvnKv‡gi cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb| `xb n‡jv wek¦vm I ZvInx‡ì bvg, c¶vš—‡i AvnKvg I
kixqvn Kg© welqK weavbvewji bvg| wewfbœ bex I ivm~j‡K Avjvn wewfbœ kixqvn w`‡q‡Qb, Z‡e mK‡ji `xb GK I Awfbœ| G
cÖm‡½ ÔAvj-Avwjg Iqvj-gyZvAvwjgÕ MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb:
‫ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْن ُﻛ ﱡل َر ُﺴ ْو ٍل ِﻤ ْﻨﻬُ ْم‬،‫ﺎن ُﻤ ْﺨﺘَِﻠﻔَ ٍﺔ‬ ٍ ‫َﺠ َﻤ ِﻌْﯿ َن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْوُﻨ ْوا َﻋﻠَﻰ أ َْدَﯿ‬ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ات اﷲ َو َﺴﻼَ ُﻤﻪُ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم أ‬ ُ ‫ﺼﻠَ َو‬َ ‫َن ُر ُﺴ َل اﷲ‬ ‫ت ﺘَ ْﻌﻠَ ُم أ ﱠ‬ َ ‫أَﻟَ ْﺴ‬
‫ َوَﯿْﻨﻬَﻰ َﻋ ْن‬،‫ﺎن ُﻛ ﱡل َر ُﺴ ْو ٍل َﯿ ْد ُﻋ ْو ِإﻟَﻰ َﺸ ِرْﯿ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‬ ِ
َ ‫ َو َﻛ‬،ً‫ﺎن َواﺤدا‬
ِ ‫اﻟرﺴو ِل اﻟﱠِذي َﻛﺎن ﻗَْﺒﻠَﻪ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬
َ ‫َن دْﯿَﻨﻬُ ْم َﻛ‬ ُ َ ْ
ِ ِ ِ
ْ ُ ‫ْﻤ ُر ﻗَ ْو َﻤﻪُ ﺒﺘَْرك د ْﯿ ِن ﱠ‬ ُ ‫َﯿﺄ‬
‫ )ﻟِ ُﻛ ﱟل ﺠﻌْﻠَﻨﺎ ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛم ِﺸرﻋﺔً و ِﻤ ْﻨﻬﺎﺠﺎ وﻟَو َﺸ ﱠ‬:‫ﺎل اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﺸ ِرْﯿ َﻌ ِﺔ ﱠ‬
ُ‫ﺎء اﻟﻠﻪ‬ َ َْ ً َ َ َْ ْ ََ َ ُ َ َ‫ َوِﻟ َذﻟ َك ﻗ‬،ٌ‫َن َﺸ َراﺌ َﻌﻬُ ْم َﻛﺜ ْﯿ َرةٌ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘَﻠﻔَﺔ‬ ‫ي ﻗَْﺒﻠَﻪُ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫اﻟر ُﺴ ْو ِل اﻟذ‬
‫ع ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم ِﻤ َن‬َ ‫ ) َﺸ َر‬:‫ﺎل‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﯿﺘَﻔَﱠرﻗُوا؛ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪ ﺠﻌ َل ِد ْﯿَﻨﻬم و‬
َ َ‫اﺤدًا ﻓَﻘ‬ َ ُْ ََ ُ َ َ ‫َن‬ ْ ‫ َوأ‬،‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱢد ْﯿ ِن َو ُﻫ َو اﻟﺘﱠْو ِﺤْﯿ ُد‬ ِِ ِ ُ ‫ﺼ‬
َ َ‫ﺎﻫ ْم َﺠﻤ ْﯿﻌﺎً ﺒﺈﻗ‬
ِ
َ ‫ َوأ َْو‬،(ً‫ﻟَ َﺠ َﻌﻠَ ُﻛ ْم أُ ﱠﻤﺔً َواﺤ َدة‬
ِ ‫َن أ َِﻗﯿﻤوا اﻟ ﱢدﯿن وﻻ ﺘَﺘَﻔَﱠرﻗُوا ِﻓ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺼﻰ ﺒِ ِﻪ ُﻨوﺤﺎ واﻟﱠ ِذي أَوﺤ ْﯿَﻨﺎ ِإﻟَْﯿ َك وﻤﺎ و ﱠ‬
‫ﯿﻪ( َوﻗَﺎ َل‬ َ َ ُ ْ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ أ‬ َ ‫وﺴﻰ َو ِﻋ‬ َ ‫ﯿم َو ُﻤ‬ َ ‫ﺼ ْﯿَﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ إ ْﺒ َراﻫ‬ َ ََ َْ َ ً ‫ﯿن َﻤﺎ َو ﱠ‬ ِ ‫اﻟ ﱢد‬
‫ق اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﯿل ﻟِ َﺨْﻠ‬َ ‫ )ﻻَ ﺘَْﺒ ِد‬:َ‫ﺎل َﺠ ﱠل َو َﻋﻼ‬ َ َ‫ َوﻗ‬.(‫ون‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻋُﺒ ُد‬ ْ َ‫وﺤﻲ إِﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻪ أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻻ إِﻟَﻪَ إِﻻ أََﻨﺎ ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ول إِﻻ ُﻨ‬ ٍ ‫ )وﻤﺎ أَرﺴْﻠَﻨﺎ ِﻤ ْن ﻗَْﺒﻠِ َك ِﻤ ْن رﺴ‬:ُ‫ﺴْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻨﻪ‬
َُ َ ْ ََ ُ
..‫ت‬ ْ ‫ت َوُﺒ ﱢدَﻟ‬ ْ ‫ َواﻟ ﱠﺸ َراﺌِﻊُ َﻗ ْد ُﻏﯿ َﱢر‬،‫ ﻓَﺎﻟ ﱢد ْﯿ ُن َﻟ ْم ُﯿَﺒ ﱠد ْل َوَﻟ ْم ُﯿ َﺤ ﱠو ْل َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ َﻐﯿ ْﱠر‬،‫ ﻻَ ﺘَْﺒِدْﯿ َل ﻟِ ِد ْﯿﻨِ ِﻪ‬:‫َي‬ ْ ‫ أ‬،(‫ﱢم‬
ِ
ُ ‫َذﻟ َك اﻟ ﱢد‬
ُ ‫ﯿن اْﻟﻘَﯿ‬
ÒZzwg wK Rvb bv †h, Avjvni ivm~jMY (Av) wfbœ wfbœ `x‡bi Abymvix wQ‡jb bv, cÖ‡Z¨K ivm~j Zuvi RvwZ‡K c~e©eZ©x
ivm~‡ji `xb eR©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡Zb bv; KviY Zuv‡ì `xb wQj GK| cÖ‡Z¨K ivm~j Zuvi wbR kixqZ cvj‡bi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb
Ges c~e©eZ©x ivm~‡ji kixqZ cvjb Ki‡Z wb‡la Ki‡Zb; KviY Zuv‡ì kixqZ wQj wfbœ wfbœ| GRb¨ Avjvn e‡j‡Qb:
Ò†Zvgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K kixqZ I ¯úó c_ cÖ`vb K‡iwQ, B”Qv Ki‡j Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K GK RvwZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ZbÓ 230| Avi
wZwb Zuv‡ì mevB‡K `xb cÖwZôvi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, Avi `xb n‡”Q ÒZvInx`Ó| Avi wZwb wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb `xb, A_©vr ZvInx‡ì
wel‡q ci¯úi `jv`wj bv Ki‡Z; KviY wZwb †Zv Zv‡ì GKB `xb cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÒwZwb †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨
wewae× K‡i‡Qb `xb, hvi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb b~n‡K- Avi hv Avwg Inx K‡iwQ Avcbv‡K- Ges hvi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQjvg
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Contents
Beivnxg, g~mv Ges Cmv‡K, G e‡j †h, †Zvgiv `xb cÖwZôv Ki Ges Zv‡Z `jv`wj-wew”QbœZv K‡iv bv|Ó 231 Avjvn Av‡iv
e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvwg †Zvgvi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv ivm~jB †cÖiY Kwi wb G Inx e¨ZxZ †h, Avwg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB, myZivs
AvgviB Bev`Z Ki|Ó 232 gnvb Avjvn Av‡iv e‡jb: ÒAvjvni m„wói †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b †bB; GwUB cÖwZwôZ `xbÓ 233; A_©vr Zuvi
`x‡bi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b †bB| AZGe `xb †Kv‡bvfv‡e cwiewZ©Z, cwiewa©Z ev ¯’vbvš—wiZ nq wb; Z‡e kixqZ ev wewa-weavbmg~n
cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q|Ó 234
3. Bjgyj AvKx`vi Av‡jvP¨ I D‡Ïk¨
¯^fveZB Bjgyj AvKx`vi Av‡jvPbv wek¦vm‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z| Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘i w`‡K `„wó w`‡j Avgiv
†gŠwjK PviwU welq †`wL:
cÖ_gZ: ÔAvj-Dj~wnq¨vnÕ (‫اﻻﻟوﻫﯿﺔ‬: godhead, godhood, divinity) A_©vr gnvb Avjvni mËv, we‡klY, gh©v`v
BZ¨vw` welq|
wØZxqZ: ÔAvb-byeyIqvZÕ (‫اﻟﻨﺒوة‬: prophecy, prophethood)| A_©vr bexM‡Yi cwiPq, gh©v`v, `vwqZ¡, Zuv‡ì cÖwZ
wek¦v‡mi ¯îƒc BZ¨vw`|
Z…ZxqZ: ÔAvj-BgvgvnÕ (‫اﻹﻤﺎﻤﺔ‬: leadership of Muslim society and state)| A_©vr gymwjg iv‡óªi ivóªcÖav‡bi
†hvM¨Zv, gh©v`v, `vwqZ¡ BZ¨vw`|
PZz_©Z: ÔAvj-AvwLivnÕ (‫اﻵﺨرة‬: the hereafter, the life after death)| A_©vr g„Zz¨ cieZ©x Rxeb, Kei, cybi“Ìvb,
wePvi, RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg BZ¨vw`|
AvKx`v welqK mKj Av‡jvPbvB g~jZ G¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z| Avi mKj Av‡jvPbvi D‡Ïk¨ mybœv‡Z beexi
AbymiY|
gynv¤§v` -Gi c×wZ‡Z I AbyKi‡Y Avjvni Bev`ZB Bmjvg| Bmjvgx Bj‡gi mKj kvLvi D‡Ïk¨ GK I Awfbœ:
gywg‡bi Rxeb‡K ûeû ivm~jyjvn -Gi Abymi‡Y cwiPvwjZ Kiv| Bjgyj wdKn-Gi D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi Bev`Z, gyAvgvjvZ I mKj
Kg©KvÊ †hb AweKj ivm~jyjvn  I mvnvexM‡Yi Av`‡jB cvwjZ nq| BjgyZ ZvhwKqv ev ZvmvD‡di D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi ü`‡qi
Ae¯’v †hb AweKj Zuv‡ì cweÎ ü`q¸‡jvi gZ n‡q hvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Bjgyj AvKx`v ev Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii D‡Ïk¨ gywg‡bi
wek¦vm †hb ûeû Zuv‡ì wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq|
4. Bjgyj AvKx`v ebvg Bjgyj Kvjvg
AvKx`v-kv‡¯¿i Av‡iKwU cÖwm× bvg ÔBjgyj KvjvgÕ| Bjgyj Kvjvg ej‡Z g~jZ ag©wek¦v‡mi wel‡q `k©b I hyyw³we`¨v
wfwËK Av‡jvPbv eySv‡bv nq| ÔAvj-KvjvgÕ (‫ )اﻟﻛﻼم‬k‡ãi A_© K_v, evK¨, e³e¨, weZK© (word, speech, conversation,
debate) BZ¨vw`| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib †h Kvjvgyjvn ev Avjvni Kvjvg (‫‡_† )ﻛﻼم اﷲ‬K Bjgyj Kvjvg cwifvlvwUi D™¢e|
KviY Bjgyj Kvjv‡g Avjvni Kvjvg wel‡q Av‡jvPbv nq| Z‡e †Rviv‡jv gZ nj, MÖxK ÔjMmÕ (logos) kã †_‡K ÔKvjvgÕ
kãwU M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| jMm (logos) kãwUi A_© evK¨, hyw³e„wË, wePvieyw×, cwiKíbv (word, reason, plan) BZ¨vw`|
jMm kã †_‡K jwRK (logic) kãwUi DrcwË, hvi A_© ZK©kv¯¿ ev hyw³we`¨v|
m¤¢eZ g~j A‡_©i w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L wnRix wØZxq kZ‡Ki Avie cwÊZMY ÔjwRKÕ k‡ãi Aviex cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e
ÔBjgyj KvjvgÕ (K_v-kv¯¿) cwifvlv eënvi K‡ib| cieZ©xKv‡j G A‡_© ÔBjgyj gvbwZKÕ kãwU eëüZ n‡q‡Q, hvi
AvwfavwbK A_©I ÔK_v-kv¯¿Õ| me©ve¯’vq Bjgyj Kvjvg ej‡Z `k©b ev hyw³we`¨v wfwËK ag©ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv ev M‡elYv
(speculative theology, scholastic theology) eySv‡bv nq|
cÖvPxb hyM †_‡K `vk©wbKMY gvbexq hyw³, eyw×, Ávb ev `k©‡bi gva¨‡g gvbexq Bw›`ª‡qi AÁvZ welq mg~n wb‡q M‡elYv
K‡i‡Qb| mªóv, m„wó, m„wói cÖK…wZ, mªóvi cÖK…wZ, Kg©, we‡klY BZ¨vw` wel‡q hyw³ ZK© w`‡q Zuviv A‡bK K_v e‡j‡Qb| G mKj
eyw×e„wËK hyw³ZK© gvbyl‡K AZ¨š— AvKwl©Z Ki‡jI Zv †Kv‡bv m‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY gvbyl hyw³ ev Ávb w`‡q mªóvi Aw¯—
Z¡ Abyfe Ki‡Z ev wbwðZ n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ mªóvi cÖK…wZ, Kg©, we‡klY, mªóvi mv‡_ m„wói m¤úK© BZ¨vw` wel‡q P~ovš— m‡Z¨
†cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ KL‡bvB `vk©wbKMY G mKj wel‡q GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zv‡ì M‡elYv I weZK© A‡Üi nvwZ †`Lvi
gZB n‡q‡Q|
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Contents
wØZxq wnRix kZK †_‡K gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ MÖxK, fviZxq I cviwmK `k©b cÖPvi jvf K‡i| g~javivi
ZvweqxMY I Zuv‡ì AbymvixMY wek¦vm ev MvBex wel‡q `vk©wbK weZK© KwVbfv‡e AcQ›` Ki‡Zb| KviY Zuviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb
†h, MvBex wel‡q Inxi Dci wbf©i Kiv Ges Inxi wb‡`©kbv‡K †g‡b †bIqvB gywg‡bi gyw³i c_|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) I Zuvi mnPiMY ÔBjgyj Kvjvgr wk¶v Ki‡Z †Nvi AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi cÖmvi N‡U
g~jZ wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k, we‡klZ 132 wnRix (750 L„) mv‡j AveŸvmx wLjvd‡Zi cÖwZôvi ci| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
wk¶v Rxe‡b ev Zuvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g 30 erm‡i (80-110 wn) `k©bwfwËK Bjgyj Kvjvg mgv‡R †Zgb cwiPq jvf K‡i wb| Z‡e
`k©bwfwËK weåvš— gZev`¸‡jv ZLb Kzdv, emiv BZ¨vw` GjvKvq cÖPvi n‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| MÖxK-cviwmK `k©b wbf©i Kv`vwiqv,
Rvevwiqv, Rvnwgqv BZ¨vw` gZev` wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki ïi“ †_‡KB Rb¥ jvf K‡i| G mKj gZev` LÊb Ki‡Z g~javivi †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv Avwjg `k©b I hyw³we`¨v wbf©i hyw³-Z‡K©i Avkªq wb‡Z _v‡Kb|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv RxebxKvi D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) cÖ_g Rxe‡b Giƒc `k©b I hyw³we`¨v wbf©i
weZK© ev Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi PP©v K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Zv eR©b K‡ib Ges Zv eR©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| Bjgyj
Kvjv‡gi cÖv_wgK Ae¯’v‡ZB wZwb Gi ¶wZ I fqvenZv Abyaveb Ki‡Z m¶g nb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻤﻀﻰ ﻤدة ﻋﻤري ﺘﻔﻛرت وﻗﻠت اﻟﺴﻠف ﻛﺎﻨوا أﻋﻠم ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌق وﻟم ﯿﻨﺘﺼﺒوا ﻤﺠﺎدﻟﯿن ﺒل‬... ‫ﻛﻨت أﻋطﯿت ﺠدﻻ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﻼم‬
‫أﻤﺴﻛوا ﻋﻨﻪ وﺨﺎﻀوا ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠم اﻟﺸراﺌﻊ ورﻏﺒوا ﻓﯿﻪ وﺘﻌﻠﻤوا وﻋﻠﻤوا وﺘﻨﺎظروا ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﺘرﻛت اﻟﻛﻼم واﺸﺘﻐﻠت ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻘﻪ ورأﯿت اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻐﻠﯿن ﺒﺎﻟﻛﻼم‬
‫ﻟﯿس ﺴﯿﻤﺎﻫم ﺴﯿﻤﺎء اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﯿن ﻗﺎﺴﯿﺔ ﻗﻠوﺒﻬم ﻏﻠﯿظﺔ أﻓﺌدﺘﻬم ﻻ ﯿﺒﺎﻟون ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ اﻟﻛﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﻟو ﻛﺎن ﺨﯿ ار ﻻﺸﺘﻐل ﺒﻪ اﻟﺴﻠف‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤون‬
ÒKvjvg ev `k©bwfwËK weZ‡K© Avgvi cvi`wk©Zv wQj ... Avgvi Rxe‡bi wKQz mgq AwZµvš— nIqvi ci Avwg wPš—v
Kijvg †h, c~e©eZx©MY (mvnvexMY I cÖ_g hy‡Mi ZvweqxMY) `xb-Cgv‡bi cÖK…Z mZ¨ wel‡q AwaK AeMZ wQ‡jb| Zuviv G
mKj wel‡q weZ‡K© wjß nb wb| eis Cgvb-AvKx`v welqK weZK© Zuviv cwinvi Ki‡Zb| Zuviv kixqZ ev AvnKvg wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv I Aa¨q‡b wjß n‡Zb, G¸‡jv‡Z Drmvn w`‡Zb, wk¶v Ki‡Zb, wk¶v w`‡Zb Ges G wel‡q weZK©- Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Zb| GRb¨ Avwg Kvjvg cwiZ¨vM K‡i wdKn PP©vq g‡bvwb‡ek Kwi| Avwg †`Ljvg †h, Kvjvg ev `k©bwfwËK AvKx`v
PP©vq wjß gvbyl¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ I cÖKvk †bKKvi gvbyl‡ì gZ bq| Zv‡ì ü`q¸‡jv KwVb, gb I cÖK…wZ KK©k Ges Zviv
KziAvb I mybœv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kivi wel‡q †ec‡ivqv| Kvjvg PP©v hw` Kj¨vYKi n‡Zv Zvn‡j Aek¨B c~e©eZ©xMY (mvnvex-
ZvweqxMY) Gi PP©vi Ki‡Zb|Ó 235
Bgvg hvnvex D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wk¶v Rxe‡b ÔBjgyj KvjvgÕ-Gi Aw¯—Z¡B wQj bv| 236 A_©vr G
mg‡q `k©b wfwËK AvKx`v PP©v †Kv‡bv c„_K ÔBjgÕ ev Áv‡b cwiYZ nq wb| KviY Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv 100 wnRixi Av‡MB
wdKn wk¶vq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb:
‫ وأﻓﻘﻪ‬،‫ وأﻓﻘﻪ أﺼﺤﺎب إﺒراﻫﯿم ﺤﻤﺎد‬،‫ وأﻓﻘﻪ أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ إﺒراﻫﯿم‬،‫ وأﻓﻘﻪ أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ‬،‫ﻓﺄﻓﻘﻪ أﻫل اﻟﻛوﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ واﺒن ﻤﺴﻌود‬
،‫أﺼﺤﺎب ﺤﻤﺎد أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
ÒK‚dvi me©‡kªô dKxn Avjx (iv) Ges Beb gvmE` (iv)| Zuv‡ì QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn AvjKvgv| Zuvi QvÎ‡ì
g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn Beivnxg bvLqx (96 wn)| Zuvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn nv¤§v` Beb Avex myjvBgvb (120 wn)| Zuvi
QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn Ave~ nvbxdv|Ó 237
D‡jL¨ †h, 120 wnRix‡Z Bgvg nv¤§v‡ì Idv‡Zi ci Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ e‡j MY¨ nb| G‡Z cÖgvY nq
†h, G mg‡qi A‡bK c~‡e©B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Kzdvi Ab¨Zg †kªô dKxn e‡j MY¨ n‡q‡Qb| G‡Z my¯úó †h, 100 wnRixi c~e©
†_‡KB wZwb wdKn wk¶v I PP©vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi 100 wnRixi c~‡e© gymwjg we‡k¦ `k©bwfwËK AvKx`v PP©v †Kv‡bv
ÔBjgÕ ev kv¯¿ wn‡m‡e cÖKvk I cÖmvi jvf K‡i wb| Zuvi cwiYZ eq‡m (110-150 wn) mgv‡R Bjgyj Kvjvg PP©v cÖmvi jvf K‡i
Ges wZwb Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi PP©v †_‡K Zuvi Abymvix‡ì‡K wb‡la K‡ib| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi cyÎ nv¤§v` e‡jb:
‫ﺒﻨﻲ! إذا ﻤﻬر‬
‫ ﯿﺎ ﱠ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ َﻤﱠر ﺒﻘوم ﯿﺘﻨﺎزﻋون ﻓﻲ اﻟدﯿن‬.... ،‫ ﻓﺄدﺨﻠﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠد‬،‫أﺨذ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﯿدي ﯿوم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺠﺒﺎ‬
َ ‫وﻛﻨت‬
ُ :‫ ﻗﺎل ﺤﻤﺎد ﺒن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬.... .‫ ﻓﯿﺼﯿر ﺒﺤﺎل ﻻ ﯿﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺒﻪ‬،‫ُﺨرج ﻤن َﺤ ﱢد اﻹﺴﻼم‬ ِ ‫ وأ‬، ‫ زﻨدﯿق‬:‫ ﻗﯿل‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻷﻤر‬
 ‫ﻓﺘرﻛت اﻟﻤﻨﺎزﻋﺔَ ﺒﻌد ﻗول اﻟﺸﯿﺦ‬
ُ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎزﻋﺔ‬
GK ïµev‡i Ave~ nvbxdv (ivw`qvjvû Avbû) Avgvi nvZ a‡i gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek K‡ib| .... wZwb `xb (AvKx`v) wel‡q
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Contents
weZ‡K© (Kvjvg PP©vq) wjß GK`j gvbyl‡ì wbKU w`‡q Mgb K‡ib Ges Avgv‡K e‡jb: †eUv, †h e¨w³ G kv‡¯¿ cvi`wk©Zv
AR©b Ki‡e †m whbÏxK (ag©Z¨vMx I ag© AegvbbvKvix) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ n‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi cwigÊj †_‡K ewnf©~Z e‡j MY¨
n‡e| Gfv‡e †m Ggb Ae¯’vq †cuŠQv‡e †h, Zvi Øviv †Kv‡bv Kj¨vY mvwaZ n‡e bv| .... nv¤§v` Beb Avex nvbxdv e‡jb: Avwg
Giƒc weZ‡K©i wel‡q LyeB AvMÖnx wQjvg| kvBL (iv)-Gi G K_vi c‡i Avwg G RvZxq weZK© cwiZ¨vM Kwi|Ó 238
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ b~n Beb Avex gwiqg e‡jb:
‫ﻗﻠت ﻷﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘول ﻓﯿﻤﺎ أﺤدث اﻟﻨﺎس ﻤن ﻛﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋراض واﻷﺠﺴﺎم ﻓﻘﺎل ﻤﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﻼﺴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﯿك ﺒﺎﻷﺜر‬
.‫وطرﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠف ٕواﯿﺎك وﻛل ﻤﺤدﺜﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺒدﻋﺔ‬
ÒAvwg Ave~ nvbxdv ivwngvûjvn‡K ejjvg: gvby‡liv Bjgyj Kvjv‡g (mªóvi Aw¯—Z¡, Abvw`Z¡ I we‡klY cÖgv‡Y) ÔAvivhÕ
(A‡gŠj-ciwbf©i: nonessential), ÔwRmgÕ (†`n: body) BZ¨vw` welqK Av‡jvPbv D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jvi wel‡q Avcbvi gZ
Kx? wZwb e‡jb: G¸‡jv `vk©wbK‡ì K_vevZ©v| †Zvgvi `vwqZ¡ nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i Kiv Ges c~e©eZx‡ì (mvnvex-Zvweqx‡ì)
ZixKv AbymiY Kiv| mveavb! mKj be-D™¢vweZ welq eR©b Ki‡e; KviY Zv weÀvZ|Ó239
Bgvg Avh‡gi QvÎMYI Gfv‡e Bjgyj Kvjvg PP©v wb‡la Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d ivn. (189 wn) Zuvi QvÎ
Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi we‡klÁ I gyÕZvwhjx cwÐZ wek&i Avj-gvixmx (218 wn)- †K e‡jb:
ٌ ‫ ِزْﻨ ِد ْﯿ‬:‫اﻟر ُﺠ ُل َأرْﺴﺎً ِﻓ ْﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَِم ِﻗْﯿ َل‬
.‫ق‬ ‫ﺼ َﺎر ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫ َ ٕوِا َذا‬،‫اَْﻟﻌ ْﻠ ُم ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﻛﻼَم ُﻫ َو ا ْﻟ َﺠ ْﻬ ُل َوا ْﻟ َﺠ ْﻬ ُل ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﻛﻼَم ُﻫ َو ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻠ ُم‬
ÒKvjv‡gi ÁvbB n‡jv cÖK…Z AÁZv Avi Kvjvg m¤ú‡K© AÁZvB n‡jv cÖK…Z Ávb| Bjgyj Kvjv‡g myL¨vwZi A_©
Zv‡K hxb`xK ev Awek¦vmx-ag©Z¨vMx ejv n‡e|Ó 240
Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd (ivn) Av‡iv e‡jb:
َ ‫ب ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ َم ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﻛﻼَِم ﺘََزْﻨ َد‬
‫ق‬ َ َ‫َﻤ ْن طَﻠ‬
Ò‡h e¨w³ Bjgy Kvjvg wk¶v Ki‡e †m whb`x‡K cwiYZ n‡e|Ó 241
Bgvg kvwdqx ivn. (204 wn) e‡jb,
ِ َ ‫ َﻫ َذا ﺠ َزاء ﻤ ْن ﺘَر‬:‫ﺎف ﺒِ ِﻬم ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻌ َﺸﺎﺌِ ِر وا ْﻟﻘَﺒﺎﺌِ ِل وﯿﻘَﺎ ُل‬ ِ ْ ‫ُﺤ ْﻛ ِﻤ ْﻲ ِﻓ ْﻲ أ‬
َ‫ﺎب َواﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨﺔ‬
َ َ‫ك ا ْﻟﻛﺘ‬ َ َ ُ َ َُ َ َ ِ
َ ْ ْ ُ َ‫ﻀ َرُﺒوا ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﺠ ِرْﯿد َواﻟﱢﻨ َﻌﺎل َوُﯿط‬ ْ ‫َﻫ ِل ا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَِم أ‬
ْ ‫َن ُﯿ‬
.‫َوأَ ْﻗَﺒ َل َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَِم‬
Òhviv Bjgyj Kvjvg PP©v K‡i Zvi wel‡q Avgvi weavb GB †h, Zv‡ì‡K †LRy‡ii Wvj I RyZv w`‡q †cUv‡Z n‡e,
Gfv‡e gnjvq gnjvq I Kexjvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Nywi‡q wb‡q †eov‡Z n‡e Ges ej‡Z n‡e: hviv wKZve I mybœvZ †Q‡W Bjgyj
Kvjv‡g g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i Zv‡ì G kvw¯—|Ó 242
Gfv‡e cÖwm× Pvi gyRZvwn` Bgvg Ges wØZxq-Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki mKj cÖwm× Avwjg, Bgvg, dKxn I gynvwÏm
AZ¨š— K‡Vvi fvlvq Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| 243
cieZ©x hy‡M Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Ab¨vb¨ Bgv‡gi Abymvix A‡bK Avwjg Avnjym mybœv‡Zi AvKx`v e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ Bjgyj
Kvjvg PP©v K‡i‡Qb| weåvš— wdiKvmg~‡ni weåvwš—i DËi cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡bB Zuviv Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi cwifvlv I c×wZ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb e‡j Zuviv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zuviv Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi `vk©wbK Qvqv †_‡K †ei n‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvq me©`v
KziAvb, nv`xm ev Inxi e³eï †P‡q hyw³, ZK© I `k©b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q|244
Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi wei“‡× Bgvg Avhg I Ab¨vb¨ Bgv‡gi e³e¨‡K Zuviv wewfbœfv‡e e¨vL¨v †Ìqvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv
`vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, BgvgMY g~jZ Bjgyj Kvjvg wfwËK gyZvwhjx I Ab¨vb¨ gZev‡ì wb›`v K‡i‡Qb, Bjgyj Kvjg wfwËK
AvKx`v PP©vi wb›`v Zuviv K‡ib wb| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e Avgiv †`wL †h, Pvi Bgvg I wØZxq-Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg g~jZ
Bjgyj Kvjvg wfwËK AvKx`v PP©vi wb›`v K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv mK‡jB AvKx`v welq Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb Ges A‡b‡K MÖš’ iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Zuviv KziAvb, nv`xm I mvnvexM‡Yi e³‡eï Dci wbf©i K‡i AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Gi wecix‡Z `k©b I
hyw³we`¨v wbf©i AvKx`v PP©v K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| mwVK AvKx`v cÖgv‡Yi RbÏ `k©b wbf©i weZK© Zuviv wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb| KviY mvjd mvwjnx‡bi AvKx`v PP©v I Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ Inx I AvKj-Gi Ae¯’vb|
BgvgMY ev mvjd mvwjnx‡bi AvKx`v PP©v Inx wbf©i, we‡klZ nv`xm I ÔAvmviÕ ev mvnvexM‡Yi e³e¨ wbf©i| c¶vš—‡i
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Contents

Bjgyj Kvjvg ÔAvKjÕ A_©vr Áv‡bw›`ªq, †evakw³ ev eyw×e„wËK hyw³ I `k©b wbf©i| BgvgM‡Yi e³e¨ me©`v wbgœiƒc:
†Zvgvi wek¦vm Giƒc n‡Z n‡e; KviY KziAv‡b, nv`x‡m ev mvnvexM‡Yi e³‡e¨ Giƒc ejv n‡q‡Q| c¶vš—‡i Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi e³e¨
wbgœiƒc: †Zvgv‡K Giƒc wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e; KviY Ávb, we‡eK I hyw³ GwUB cÖgvY K‡i| Avgiv Inx I AvK‡ji Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
BgvgM‡Yi gZ AvKx`vi Drm welqK Aby‡”Q‡` we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie Bbkv Avjvn| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv j¶Yxq:
(K) Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ b~n Beb Avex gwiqg hLb Zv‡K Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi Avivh (A‡gŠj),
wRmg (†`n) BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡ib ZLb wZwb e‡jb: ÒG¸‡jv `vk©wbK‡ì K_vevZ©v| †Zvgvi `vwqZ¡ nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i
Kiv Ges c~e©eZx‡ì (mvnvex-Zvweqx‡ì) ZixKv AbymiY Kiv| mveavb! mKj be-D™¢vweZ welq eR©b Ki‡e; KviY Zv
weÀvZ|Ó
Bjgyj Kvjvg PP©v Ki‡Z †M‡j G mKj cwifvlvi Dci wbf©i Kiv Qvov †Kv‡bv DcvB †bB| gnvb Avjøvni Aw¯ÍZ¡, GKZ¡,
we‡klY BZ¨vw` cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Avivh, wRmg, RvInvi BZ¨vw` cwifvlv¸‡jvB Kvjvgwe`M‡Yi GKgvÎ wfwË| G †_‡K Avgiv wbwðZ
nB †h, BgvgMY g~jZ mvnvex Zvweqx‡ì c×wZ‡Z Inx-wbf©i AvKx`v PP©vq Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb Ges `vk©wbK‡ì cwifvlv Ges
`vk©wbK hyw³ZK© wbf©i Bjgyj Kvjvg wfwËK AvKx`v PP©v wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|
(L) BgvgMY wdKn I Kvjvg Dfq †¶‡ÎB KziAvb, nv`xm I Avmvi ev mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi e³‡eï Dci mgvbfv‡e
wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| wdK‡ni b¨vq AvKx`vi †¶‡ÎI Zuviv ÔLvevi“j Iqvwn`Õ ev GKK eY©bvi mnxn nv`xm¸‡jvi Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb|
Avi GRb¨B Bgvg Avhg AvKx`v‡KI ÔwdKnÕ e‡j‡Qb Ges Avj-wdKûj AvKevi ev Avj-wdKû wdÏxb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
c¶vš—‡i Kvjvgwe`MY wdKn I AvKx`vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zviv `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, wdKn ev K‡g©i †¶‡Î nv`xm, Lvevi“j
Iqvwn` ev mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi e³‡eï Dci wbf©i Kiv hvq, wKš‘ wek¦vm ev AvKx`vi †¶‡Î AvK‡ji wei“‡× Kv‡iv e³e¨ MÖnY
Kiv hvq bv ev Kv‡iv ÔZvKjx`Õ Kiv hvq bv|
(M) BgvgM‡Yi `„wó‡Z Inx ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ gvbyl‡K m‡Zï wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨| wkw¶Z-Awkw¶Z,
mvaviY-AmvaviY mKj gvbyl †hb wek¦vm I K‡g©i †¶‡Î AwfÁZv-ewnf©~Z I Bw›`ªq-ewnf©~Z welq¸‡jv‡Z mnR w`K wb‡`©kbv
jvf I mZ¨ AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨B gnvb Avjvn bex-ivm~jM‡Yi gva¨‡g Inx I wKZve cÖ`vb K‡ib| GRb¨ `xb I
kixq‡Z ev wek¦vm I K‡g© mKj †¶‡Î Inxi e³e¨‡K me©`v mij I cÖKvk¨ A‡_© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi iƒcKv_© I
`~ieZ©x e¨vL¨v eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Inx‡K iƒcKv‡_© eënvi Kiv ev Inxi `~ieZ©x e¨vL¨v Kivi A_© Inx‡K AKvh©Ki Kiv|
GRb¨ Zuviv †hfv‡e mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, n¾ BZ¨vw` Kg© welqK wb‡`©kbvi iƒcK A_© MÖnY I e¨vL¨v K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb gnvb Avjvni we‡klY, AvwLivZ, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ, Kei, nvki I Ab¨vb¨ wek¦vmxq wel‡qI Inxi
e³‡eï iƒcK A_© MÖnY I e¨vL¨v K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| Gi wecix‡Z Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi `„wó‡Z Inxi wb‡`©kbv A¯úó I
G‡Z iƒc‡Ki m¤¢vebv e¨vcK| GRb¨ wek¦v‡mi wel‡q P~ovš— wm×vš— wb‡Z AvK‡ji Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| Inxi †Kv‡bv
e³e¨ AvK‡ji e¨wZµg n‡j Zv iƒcK A‡_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
(N) BgvgM‡Yi `„wó‡Z wek¦vm I K‡g© mKj †¶‡Î ivm~jyjvn  I Zuvi mvnvexMYB c~Y©Zg Av`k©| Zuv‡ì gZ nIqv
ev ûeû Zuv‡ì AbymiY KivB gywg‡bi j¶¨| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi b¨vq AvKx`v PP©viI D‡Ïk¨ AvKx`v wel‡q mybœv‡Zi cÖwZôv I
cybi“¾xeb| ivm~jyjvn  I mvnvexM‡Yi AvKx`vi mv‡_ gywg‡bi AvKx`vi ûeû wgj cÖwZôvB GLv‡b D‡Ïk¨| c¶vš—‡i
Bjgyj Kvjv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ AvKj, eyw× I we‡eK LvwU‡q wek¦vm welqK m‡Z¨ DcbxZ nIqv| KziAvb, mybœvn ev mvnvexM‡Yi
mv‡_ wgj I Awgj GLv‡b †MŠY| wgj n‡j fvj K_v, bB‡j †Kv‡bviƒc e¨vL¨v Ki‡jB n‡jv|
(O) BgvgM‡Yi AvKx`v PP©vi †¶‡Î gZ‡f‡ì my‡hvM LyeB mxwgZ| KviY mK‡jB Inxi Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb Ges Inxi
e¨vL¨v eR©b K‡i‡Qb| Avi Inxi g‡a¨ wfbœZvi AeKvk LyeB Kg| c¶vš—‡i Bjgyj Kvjvg PP©vq mK‡jB Ávb, hyw³ I eyw×-
we‡e‡Ki Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb Ges Inx‡K wbR wbR eyw×-we‡eK Abymv‡i e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Ávbeyw× I hyw³i †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ
gvb`Ê †bB| †KD †èZvi Rb¨ biewj‡KI AvKj-wb‡`©wkZ ev Ávb I hyw³m½Z e‡j cÖgv‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Qb| Avevi †KD Rxeb
avi‡Yi Rb¨ gvsm f¶Y‡K A‡hŠw³K ev we‡eK wei“× e‡j `vwe Ki‡Qb| GRb¨ Kvjvg wfwËK AvKx`v PP©vq gZ‡f` LyeB †ewk|
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‫‪wØZxq cwi‡”Q`:‬‬
‫`‪gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY, ZvK`xi BZ¨vw‬‬
‫‪Bgvg AvÕhg Ave~ nvbxdv byÕgvb Beb mvweZ (ivn) e‡jb:‬‬
‫اﻟذ ِاﺘ ﱠﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺼﻔَ ِﺎﺘ ِﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺸﻲء ِﻤ ْن َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ‪ .‬ﻟَم ﯿَز ْل وﻻَ ﯿ َاز ُل ِﺒﺄَﺴﻤ ِﺎﺌ ِﻪ و ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺒ ُﻬ ُﻪ َ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ﺎء ِﻤ ْن َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ُﯿ ْ‬ ‫ﺸﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺒ ُﻪ َ ِ‬
‫ﺸ ْﯿﺌﺎً ﻤ َن اﻷَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻻَ ُﯿ ْ‬
‫ق‬‫ق َواﻟﺘﱠْر ِزْﯿ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ َر َادةُ‪َ ،‬وأَ ﱠﻤﺎ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌﻠِ ﱠﯿ ُﺔ ﻓَﺎﻟﺘﱠ ْﺨﻠِ ْﯿ ُ‬
‫ﺼُر َو ِ‬ ‫ﺴ ْﻤﻊُ َوا ْﻟ َﺒ َ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌﻠِ ﱠﯿ ِﺔ‪ .‬أَ ﱠﻤﺎ اﻟ ّذ ِاﺘ ﱠﯿ ُﺔ ﻓَﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ َﯿﺎةُ َوا ْﻟﻘُ ْد َرةُ َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ُم َوا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَ ُم َواﻟ ﱠ‬
‫اﺴ ٌم َوﻻَ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ِﻔﻌ ِل‪ .‬ﻟَم ﯿَز ْل وﻻَ ﯿ َاز ُل ِﺒﺄ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَ ِ‬ ‫ﺼ ْﻨﻊ و َﻏ ْﯿر َذﻟِ َك ِﻤ َن ِ‬ ‫ﺎء َو ِ‬ ‫َو ِ‬
‫َﺴ َﻤﺎﺌﻪ َوﺼﻔَﺎﺘﻪ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺤ ُد ْث ﻟَ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺒ َداعُ َواﻟ ﱡ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺸ ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻨ َ‬
‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل‪َ ،‬و ُﻤﺘَ َﻛﻠﱢﻤﺎً ِﺒ َﻛﻼَ ِﻤ ِﻪ َوا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَ ُم‬ ‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ِﻓﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل‪ ،‬وﻗَ ِﺎد ارً ِﺒﻘُ ْدرِﺘ ِﻪ وا ْﻟﻘُ ْدرةُ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ‪ .‬ﻟَم ﯿ َز ْل ﻋﺎﻟِﻤﺎً ِﺒ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ وا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠم ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ِﻓﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل‪ ،‬و َﺨﺎﻟِﻘﺎً ِﺒﺘَ ْﺨﻠِ ْﯿ ِﻘ ِﻪ واﻟﺘﱠ ْﺨﻠِ ْﯿ ُ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ق ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َزل‪َ ،‬وﻓَﺎﻋﻼً ِﺒﻔ ْﻌﻠﻪ َوا ْﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُل ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َزل‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟﻔَﺎﻋ ُل ُﻫ َو اﷲُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺼﻔَﺎﺘُ ُﻪ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل َﻏ ْﯿُر ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَ ٍﺔ َوﻻَ‬ ‫ق‪ .‬و ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ق َوِﻓ ْﻌ ُل اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﻏ ْﯿُر َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٍ َ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌ ْو ُل َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٌ‬ ‫ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ وا ْﻟ ِﻔﻌ ُل ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺸ ﱠك ﻓ ْﯿ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﻓَ ُﻬ َو َﻛﺎﻓٌر ِﺒﺎﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎ َﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ف أَْو َ‬ ‫ﺎل إِ ﱠﻨ َﻬﺎ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوﻗَ ٌﺔ أَْو ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَ ٌﺔ أَْو َوﻗَ َ‬ ‫َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوﻗَ ٍﺔ‪َ .‬و َﻤ ْن ﻗَ َ‬
‫اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ ِ‬ ‫آن َﻛﻼَم ِ‬
‫ﺴ ِن َﻤ ْﻘ ُر ْو ٌء‪َ ،‬و َﻋﻠَﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱢﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫ب‪َ ،‬وِﻓ ْﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻘﻠُ ْو ِب َﻤ ْﺤﻔُ ْوظٌ‪َ ،‬و َﻋﻠَﻲ اﻷَ ْﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺤف َﻤ ْﻛﺘُْو ٌ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟﻘُ ْر ُ ُ‬
‫ق‪َ .‬و َﻤﺎ َذ َﻛ َرﻩُ اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ق َو ِﻛﺘَ َﺎﺒﺘَُﻨﺎ ﻟَ ُﻪ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوﻗَ ٌﺔ َوِﻗ َار َءﺘَُﻨﺎ ﻟَ ُﻪ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوﻗَ ٌﺔ َوا ْﻟﻘُ ْرآ ُن َﻏ ْﯿ ُر َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ِ‬ ‫آن َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٌ‬ ‫ُﻤ َﻨ ﱠز ٌل‪َ ،‬وﻟَ ْﻔظُ َﻨﺎ ِﺒﺎ ْﻟﻘُ ْر ِ‬
‫ﺴﻼَم‪ ،‬وﻋ ْن ِﻓرﻋو َن ٕوِا ْﺒﻠِ ْﯿس‪ ،‬ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن َذﻟِ َك ُﻛﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻛﻼَم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻘُر ِ ِ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ َو َﻏ ْﯿ ِرِﻩ ﻤ َن اﻷَ ْﻨ ِﺒ َﯿﺎء َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ُم اﻟ ﱠ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫آن ﺤ َﻛ َﺎﯿ ًﺔ ﻋ ْن ُﻤ ْو َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫اﷲ‬‫آن َﻛﻼَم ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ َو َﻏ ْﯿ ِرِﻩ ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوِﻗ ْﯿ َن َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٌ‬ ‫اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﻏ ْﯿ ُر َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٍ‬ ‫ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ إِ ْﺨﺒﺎ ارً ﻋ ْﻨﻬم‪ ،‬و َﻛﻼَم ِ‬
‫ق‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟﻘُ ْر ُ ُ‬ ‫ق‪َ ،‬و َﻛﻼَ ُم ُﻤ ْو َ‬ ‫َ َ ُْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ ﻓَﻬو ﻗَِد ْﯿم‪ ،‬ﻻَ َﻛﻼَﻤﻬم‪ .‬و ِ‬
‫ﺴﻼَ ُم َﻛﻼَ َم اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻓ ْﻲ ﻗَ ْوﻟﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ‪َ " :‬و َﻛﻠمَ اﷲُ ُﻤ ْو َ‬ ‫ﺴﻤ َﻊ ُﻤ ْو َ‬ ‫ُ ُْ َ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﺨﺎﻟﻘﺎً ﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل َوﻟَ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺴﻼَ ُم‪َ ،‬وﻗَ ْد َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺴﻲ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎن اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ ُﻤﺘَ َﻛﻠﱢﻤﺎً َوﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْن َﻛﻠﱠ َم ُﻤ ْو َ‬ ‫ﺘَ ْﻛﻠ ْﯿ ًﻤﺎ"‪َ .‬وﻗَ ْد َﻛ َ‬
‫ﺼﻔَ ٌﺔ ِﻓ ْﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ ْﯿر‪َ .‬ﻓﻠَ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻛﻠﱠم اﷲ ﻤوﺴﻲ َﻛﻠﱠﻤ ُﻪ ِﺒ َﻛﻼَ ِﻤ ِﻪ اﻟﱠِذي ُﻫو ﻟَ ُﻪ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺴﻤ ْﯿﻊُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺸﻲء و ُﻫو اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬
‫س َﻛﻤ ْﺜﻠﻪ َ ْ ٌ َ َ‬
‫ِ ِِ‬
‫ق‪ ،‬ﻟَ ْﯿ َ‬ ‫ق ِ◌ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ َ‬ ‫َﯿ ْﺨﻠُ ِ‬
‫اﻷَ َز ِل‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺴ َﻤﻊُ ﻻَ‬ ‫َوﺼﻔَﺎﺘُﻪُ ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ ِﺒﺨﻼَف ﺼﻔَﺎت ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوِﻗ ْﯿ َن‪َ .‬ﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم ﻻَ َﻛﻌ ْﻠﻤ َﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﯿ ْﻘد ُر ﻻَ َﻛﻘُ ْد َرِﺘ َﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﯿ َري ﻻَ َﻛ ُر ْؤَﯿﺘ َﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﯿ ْ‬
‫ف واﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ ﯿﺘَ َﻛﻠﱠم ِﺒﻼَ آﻟَ ٍﺔ وﻻَ ﺤرو ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻛ ِ‬
‫ف‬‫ف‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُر ْو ُ‬ ‫َ ُُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ْﻤﻌ َﻨﺎ َوَﯿﺘَ َﻛﻠﱠ ُم ﻻَ َﻛ َﻛﻼَﻤ َﻨﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﻨ ْﺤ ُن َﻨﺘَ َﻛﻠﱠ ُم ِﺒﺎْﻵﻻت َوا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُر ْو َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ق‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوﻗَ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻛﻼَ ُم اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﻏ ْﯿ ُر َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو ٍ‬
‫ﻀ ﱠد ﻟَ ُﻪ َوﻻَ ِﻨ ﱠد ﻟَ ُﻪ‬ ‫ض وﻻَ ﺤ ﱠد َﻟ ُﻪ وﻻَ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺴم َوﻻَ َﺠ ْو َﻫ ٍر َوﻻَ َﻋ ْر ٍ َ َ‬
‫ﺸﻲ ِء إِﺜْﺒﺎﺘُ ُﻪ ِﺒﻼَ ِﺠ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﺸ َﯿﺎء َو َﻤ ْﻌ َﻨﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ْ َ‬
‫ﺸﻲء ﻻَ َﻛﺎﻷَ ْ ِ‬
‫َو ُﻫ َو َ ْ ٌ‬
‫س‬‫آن ِﻤ ْن ِذ ْﻛ ِر ا ْﻟ َو ْﺠ ِﻪ َوا ْﻟ َﯿ ِد َواﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫س ﻓَ َﻤﺎ َذ َﻛ َرﻩُ اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻘُْر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫"ﻓَﻼَ ﺘَ ْﺠ َﻌﻠُ ْوا ﷲ أَْﻨ َداداً" َوﻻَ ﻤ ْﺜ َل ﻟَ ُﻪ‪َ .‬وﻟَ ُﻪ َﯿ ٌد َوَو ْﺠ ٌﻪ َوَﻨ ْﻔ ٌ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔَ ِﺔ‪ .‬و ُﻫو ﻗَو ُل أَ ْﻫ ِل ا ْﻟﻘَ َد ِر و ِ‬
‫اﻻ ْﻋ ِﺘ َز ِال‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎل ﱢ‬ ‫ف‪َ .‬وﻻَ ُﯿﻘَﺎ ُل‪ :‬إِ ﱠن َﯿ َدﻩُ ﻗُ ْد َرﺘُ ُﻪ أَْو ِﻨ ْﻌ َﻤﺘُ ُﻪ؛ ﻷَ ﱠن ِﻓ ْﯿ ِﻪ إِ ْﺒطَ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ِﺒﻼَ َﻛ ْﯿ ٍ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَ ٌ‬ ‫ﻓَﻬو ﻟَ ُﻪ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﺼﻔَ ِﺎﺘ ِﻪ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ِﺒﻼَ َﻛ ْﯿ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﻤ ْن ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَﺘَ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻩ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻔَﺘُ ُﻪ ِﺒﻼَ َﻛ ْﯿ ٍ‬ ‫وﻟَ ِﻛ ﱠن ﯿ َدﻩ ِ‬
‫ف‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻀ ُﺒ ُﻪ َو ِر َ ُ‬ ‫ف‪َ ،‬و َﻏ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎن اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎ َﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟِﻤﺎً ِﻓﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل ِﺒﺎﻷَ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺸﯿﺎء ﻻَ ِﻤ ْن َ ٍ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﺸ َﯿﺎء ﻗَ ْﺒ َل َﻛ ْوِﻨ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َو اﻟﱠذ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺸ ْﻲء‪َ ،‬و َﻛ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ق اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ اﻷَ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﺨﻠَ َ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺎﺌ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺸ ْﻲ ٌء إِﻻﱠ ِﺒ َﻤ ِﺸ ْﯿ َﺌ ِﺘ ِﻪ َو ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ َوﻗَ َ‬ ‫ق َوﻻَ َﯿ ُﻛ ْو ُن ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻟ ﱡد ْﻨ َﯿﺎ َوﻻَ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻵَ ِﺨ َرِة َ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬أَﻻَ َﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم َﻤ ْن َﺨﻠَ َ‬ ‫ﻀ َ‬ ‫ﺎء َوﻗَ َ‬ ‫ﺸ َﯿ َ‬ ‫ﻗَ ﱠد َر اﻷَ ْ‬
‫ﺼﻔَﺎﺘُ ُﻪ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻷَ َز ِل ِﺒﻼَ‬ ‫ﻀﺎء وا ْﻟﻘَ َدر وا ْﻟﻤ ِﺸ ْﯿ َﺌ ُﺔ ِ‬
‫ﺼف ﻻَ ِﺒﺎ ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻛم‪َ .‬وا ْﻟﻘَ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻗَ َد ِرِﻩ و َﻛﺘْ ِﺒ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﱠو ِح ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺤﻔُو ِظ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ِﻛ ﱠن َﻛﺘْﺒ ُﻪ ِﺒﺎ ْﻟو ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف َﯿ ُﻛ ْو ُن إِ َذا أَ ْو َﺠ َدﻩُ‪َ ،‬وَﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم اﷲُ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْو ُﺠ ْوَد ِﻓ ْﻲ‬ ‫ﺎل َﻋ َد ِﻤ ِﻪ َﻤ ْﻌ ُد ْوﻤﺎً‪َ ،‬وَﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم أَﱠﻨ ُﻪ َﻛ ْﯿ َ‬ ‫ف‪َ .‬ﯿ ْﻌﻠَم اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُد ْوم ِﻓﻲ َﺤ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫َﻛ ْﯿ ٍ‬
Contents

‫ﻗَ َﻌ َد‬ ‫ َ ٕوِا َذا‬،ً‫ﺎﻤ ِﻪ ﻗَ ِﺎﺌﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﺎل ِﻗﯿ‬ ِ ِ
َ ِ ‫ َوَﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎﺌ َم ﻓ ْﻲ َﺤ‬.ُ‫ﺎؤﻩ‬ ُ ‫ف َﯿ ُﻛ ْو ُن ﻓَ َﻨ‬ َ ‫ َوَﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم أَﱠﻨ ُﻪ َﻛ ْﯿ‬،ً‫ﺎل ُو ُﺠ ْوِد ِﻩ َﻤ ْو ُﺠ ْودا‬ ِ ‫َﺤ‬
‫ِﻓ ْﻲ‬ ‫ث‬ُ ‫َﺤ َو ِال َﯿ ْﺤ ُد‬ ْ ‫ف اﻷ‬ ُ َ‫اﺨ ِﺘﻼ‬ ْ ‫ث ﻟَ ُﻪ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٌم َوﻟَ ِﻛ ﱠن اﻟﺘﱠ َﻐ ﱡﯿ َر‬ َ ‫ﺎل ﻗُ ُﻌ ْوِد ِﻩ ِﻤ ْن َﻏ ْﯿ ِر أَ ْن َﯿﺘَ َﻐ ﱠﯿ َر ِﻋ ْﻠ ُﻤ ُﻪ أَ ْو َﯿ ْﺤ ُد‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻋداً ِﻓﻲ َﺤ‬
ْ
ِ َ‫ﻗ‬
.‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوِﻗ ْﯿ َن‬
ِ ‫ ﻓَ َﻛﻔََر َﻤ ْن َﻛﻔَ َر ِﺒ ِﻔ ْﻌﻠِ ِﻪ َ ٕوِا ْﻨ َﻛ‬،‫ﺎﻫ ْم‬
‫ﺎرِﻩ‬ ُ ‫ ﺜُ ﱠم َﺨﺎطَ َﺒ ُﻬ ْم َوأَ َﻤ َرُﻫ ْم َوَﻨ َﻬ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻠِ ْﯿﻤﺎً ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر َو‬
ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ق اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻠ‬ َ َ‫َﺨﻠ‬
.‫ﺼ َرِﺘ ِﻪ ﻟَ ُﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ِﺒﺘَوِﻓ ْﯿ‬،‫ارِﻩ وﺘَﺼ ِد ْﯿ ِﻘ ِﻪ‬
ْ ‫ق اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ إِ ﱠﯿﺎﻩُ َوُﻨ‬ ْ
ِِ ِ ِ
ْ َ ِ ‫ َوَآ َﻤ َن َﻤ ْن َآ َﻤ َن ِﺒﻔ ْﻌﻠﻪ َ ٕوِا ْﻗ َر‬،ُ‫ق ِﺒ ُﺨ ْذﻻَ ِن اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ إِ ﱠﯿﺎﻩ‬ ‫َو ُﺠ ُﺤ ْوِد ِﻩ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎن‬ِ ‫ﺎﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ ِ ‫ت ِﺒ َرﱢﺒ ُﻛ ْم؟ ﻗَﺎﻟُ ْوا َﺒﻠَﻰ" َوأَ َﻤ َرُﻫ ْم ِﺒ‬ ُ‫ﺴ‬ ‫أَ ْﺨرج ُذﱢرﱠﯿ َﺔ َآ َدم ِﻤ ْن ﺼ ْﻠ ِﺒ ِﻪ ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺼو ِر ﱠ‬
ْ َ‫ط َﺒ ُﻬ ْم "أَﻟ‬
َ ‫ ﻓَ َﺠ َﻌﻠَ ُﻬ ْم ُﻋﻘَﻼَ َء ﻓَ َﺨﺎ‬،‫اﻟذﱢر‬ َُ َ ُ َ ََ
"ً‫ﺸﺎﻛ ارً َ ٕوِا ﱠﻤﺎ َﻛﻔُ ْو ار‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﺎن َذﻟ َك ﻤ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْم إِ ْﯿ َﻤﺎﻨﺎً ﻓَ ُﻬ ْم ُﯿ ْوﻟَ ُد ْو َن َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺘ ْﻠ َك ا ْﻟﻔ ْط َرِة "إِ ﱠﻤﺎ‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ ﻓَ َﻛ‬،‫ﺎﻟرُﺒ ْوِﺒ ﱠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺎﻫ ْم َﻋ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر ﻓَﺄَﻗَﱡروا ﻟَ ُﻪ ِﺒ ﱡ‬ ُ ‫َوَﻨ َﻬ‬
‫َﺤداً ِﻤ ْن َﺨ ْﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر‬ ِ
َ ‫ َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ ْﺠ ِﺒ ْر أ‬.‫ت َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ َوَد َاوَم‬ َ ‫ق ﻓَﻘَ ْد ﺜََﺒ‬ َ ‫ﺼ ﱠد‬ ِ
َ ‫ َو َﻤ ْن َآ َﻤ َن َو‬،‫َو َﻤ ْن َﻛﻔََر َﺒ ْﻌ َد َذﻟ َك ﻓَﻘَ ْد َﺒ ﱠد َل َو َﻏ ﱠﯿ َر‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ َو‬،ً‫ﺸ َﺨﺎﺼﺎ‬ ْ َ‫ َوﻟَ ِﻛ ْن َﺨﻠَﻘَ ُﻬ ْم أ‬،ً‫ﺎﻓ ار‬ ِ ‫ وﻻَ َﺨﻠَﻘَﻬم ﻤ ْؤ ٍﻤﻨﺎً وﻻَ َﻛ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫َوﻻَ َﻋﻠَﻰ‬
ُ‫ َوَﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُم اﷲ‬.‫ﺎن َوا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ُر ﻤ ْن ﻓ ْﻌل ا ْﻟﻌ َﺒﺎد‬ ُ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ُ ُْ َ ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬
ِ ‫َن ﯿﺘَ َﻐﯿﱠر ِﻋ ْﻠﻤ ُﻪ و‬ ِ ِِ ِ ‫ ﻓَِﺈ َذا آﻤ َن َﺒ ْﻌ َد َذﻟِ َك َﻋﻠِﻤ ُﻪ ﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨﺎً ِﻓﻲ َﺤ‬،ً‫ﺎﻓ ار‬ ِ ‫ﺎل ُﻛ ْﻔ ِرِﻩ َﻛ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ْن َﯿ ْﻛﻔُر ِﻓﻲ َﺤ‬
.‫ﺼﻔَﺘُ ُﻪ‬ َ ُ َ َ ْ ‫ﺎل إِ ْﯿ َﻤﺎﻨﻪ ﻤ ْن َﻏ ْﯿ ِر أ‬ ْ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ
‫ َو ِﻫ َﻲ ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ ِﺒ َﻤ ِﺸ ْﯿ َﺌ ِﺘ ِﻪ‬،‫ َواﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﺨ ِﺎﻟﻘُ َﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺴ ُﺒ ُﻬ ْم َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِﻘ ْﯿﻘَ ِﺔ‬ ْ ‫ﺴ ُﻛ ْو ِن َﻛ‬ ‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺒ ِﺎد ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ َﺤ َرَﻛ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫ْﻌ‬ ِ
َ ‫َو َﺠﻤ ْﯿﻊُ أَﻓ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺎﺌ ِﻪ‬ َ َ‫ﻀﺎﻩُ َو ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ َو َﻤ ِﺸ ْﯿ َﺌ ِﺘ ِﻪ َوﻗ‬ َ ‫اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َوِﺒ َﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ِﺘ ِﻪ َوِﺒ ِر‬ ِ ‫اﺠﺒ ًﺔ ِﺒﺄَﻤ ِر‬
ْ َ ِ ‫ﺎت ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ َﻛﺎ َﻨ ْت َو‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟطﱠﺎ َﻋ‬.‫ﻀ ِﺎﺌ ِﻪ َوﻗَ َد ِرِﻩ‬ َ َ‫َو ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ َوﻗ‬
.‫ﻀﺎﻩُ َوﻻَ ِﺒﺄَ ْﻤ ِرِﻩ‬ َ ‫ ﻻَ ِﺒ َﻤ َﺤ ﱠﺒ ِﺘ ِﻪ َوﻻَ ِﺒ ِر‬،‫ﻀ ِﺎﺌ ِﻪ َوﺘَ ْﻘ ِد ْﯿ ِرِﻩ َو َﻤ ِﺸ ْﯿ َﺌ ِﺘ ِﻪ‬َ َ‫ﺎﺼ ْﻲ ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ ِﺒ ِﻌ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ َوﻗ‬ِ ‫ وا ْﻟﻤﻌ‬.‫وﺘَ ْﻘ ِد ْﯿ ِرِﻩ‬
ََ َ َ
e½vbyev`
Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| wZwb Zuvi m„wói †Kv‡bv wKQzi gZ bb| wZwb Abvw` Kvj †_‡K Abš—
Kvj we`¨gvb, Zuvi bvgmg~n Ges Zuvi hvZx (mËxq) I wdÕjx (Kg©xq) wmdvZ (we‡klY)mg~nmn| Zuvi mËxq we‡klYmg~n: nvqvZ
(Rxeb), KzìvZ (¶gZv), Bjg (Ávb), Kvjvg (K_v), mvgÕ (kªeY), evmvi (`k©b) I Biv`v (B”Qv)| Avi Zuvi wdÕjx
wmdvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: m„wó Kiv, wih&K cÖ`vb Kiv, bem„wó Kiv, D™¢veb Kiv, ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©g~jK wmdvZ ev
we‡klY| wZwb Zuvi ¸Yvewj Ges bvgmg~n-mn Abvwìƒ‡c we`¨gvb| Zuvi bvg I we‡kl‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡ ev cwieZ©b N‡U
wb| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi Áv‡b Ávbx Ges Ávb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB ¶gZvevb Ges
¶gZv Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi K_vq K_v e‡jb Ges K_v Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY|
wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB m„wóKZ©v Ges m„wó Kiv Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi K‡g© Kg©x, Kg©
Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Zuvi we‡klY| Avjvn Zuvi Kg© w`‡q hv m„wó K‡ib Zv m„ó, Z‡e Avjvni Kg© m„ó bq| Zuvi wmdvZ ev we‡klYvewj
Abvw`| †Kv‡bv we‡klYB bZzb ev m„ó bq| †h e¨w³ e‡j †h, Avjvni †Kv‡bv wmdvZ ev we‡klY m„ó A_ev bZzb, A_ev G wel‡q
†m wKQy ej‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i, A_ev G wel‡q †m m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i, Z‡e †m Avjvni cÖwZ Cgvb-wenxb Kvwdi|
KziAvb Avjvn ZvÔAvjvi Kvjvg, gymnvd¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wjwce×, ü`q¸‡jvi g‡a¨ msiw¶Z, wRnŸvmg~n Øviv cwVZ Ges
ivm~jyjvn -Gi Dc‡i AeZxY©| KziAvb cv‡V Avgv‡ì wRnŸvi D”PviY m„ó, KziAv‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wjLwb m„ó, Avgv‡ì cvV
m„ó, wKš‘ KziAvb m„ó bq| gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ g~mv (Av) I Ab¨vb¨ bex (Av) †_‡K Ges wdivDb Ges Bejxm †_‡K hv
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Zv meB Avjvni Kvjvg (K_v), Zv‡ì wel‡q msev` wn‡m‡e| Avjvni K_v m„ó bq, g~mv (Av) I Ab¨ mKj
gvLj~‡Ki K_v m„ó| KziAvb Avjvni K_v Kv‡RB Zv Abvw`, gvLj~KM‡Yi K_v †miƒc bq| g~mv (Av) Avjvni K_v ï‡bwQ‡jb,
†hgb Avjvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb: Òg~mvi mv‡_ Avjvn cÖK…Z evK¨vjvc K‡iwQ‡jbÓ245 g~mv (Av)-Gi mv‡_ K_v ejvi Av‡MB-
Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB- gnvb Avjvn Zuvi Kvjvg ev K_vi we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ wQ‡jb, †hgb m„óRMZ m„wó Kivi c~‡e©B- Abvw`Kvj
†_‡KB- wZwb m„wóKZ©vi we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ wQ‡jb| ÔÔ†Kv‡bv wKQyB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq, wZwb me©‡kªvZv me©`ªóv|Ó 246 hLb
wZwb g~mv (Av)-Gi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb ZLb wZwb Zuvi †mB Abvw` we‡klY K_vi we‡klY Øviv K_v e‡jb|
Zuvi mKj we‡klYB gvLj~K‡ì ev m„ócÖvYx‡ì we‡kl‡Yi e¨wZµg| wZwb Rv‡bb, Z‡e Zuvi Rvbv Avgv‡ì Rvbvi
gZ bq| wZwb ¶gZv iv‡Lb, Z‡e Zuvi ¶gZv Avgv‡ì ¶gZvi gZ bq| wZwb †`‡Lb, Z‡e Zuvi †`Lv Avgv‡ì †`Lvi gZ
bq| wZwb K_v e‡jb, Z‡e Zuvi K_v ejv Avgv‡ì K_v ejvi gZ bq| wZwb ï‡bb, Z‡e Zuvi †kvbv Avgv‡ì †kvbvi gZ
bq| Avgiv evMhš¿ I A¶‡ii gva¨‡g K_v ewj, Avi gnvb Avjvn evMhš¿ Ges A¶i QvovB K_v e‡jb| A¶i¸wj m„ó|
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Contents
Avi Avjvni K_v (Kvjvg) m„ó bq|

wZwb ÔkvBDbÕ: Ôe¯‘Õ ev Ôwe`¨gvb Aw¯—Z¡Õ, Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m„ó Ôe¯‘Õ ev Ôwe`¨gvb wel‡qiÕ gZ wZwb bb| Zuvi ÔkvBDbÕ-
Ôe¯‘Õ nIqvi A_© wZwb we`¨gvb Aw¯—Z¡, †Kv‡bv †`n, †Kv‡bv RvInvi (†gŠj Dcv`vb) Ges †Kv‡bv ÔAvivhÕ (A‡gŠj Dcv`vb)
e¨wZ‡i‡KB| Zuvi †Kv‡bv mxgv †bB, wecixZ †bB, mgK¶ †bB, Zzjbv †bB| ÒAZGe †Zvgiv KvD‡K Avjvni mgK¶ evbv‡e
bv|Ó 247 Zuvi Bqv` (n¯—) Av‡Q, IqvRn (gyLgÊj) Av‡Q, bdm (mËv) Av‡Q, KviY Avjvn KziAv‡b G¸‡jv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
KziAv‡b Avjvn hv wKQz D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, †hgb gyLgÊj, nvZ, bdm BZ¨vw` meB Zuvi we‡klY, †Kv‡bv Ô¯îƒcÕ ev cÖK…wZ wbY©q
e¨wZ‡i‡K| G K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi nvZ A_© Zuvi ¶gZv A_ev Zuvi wbqvgZ| KviY Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kivi A_© Avjvni
we‡klY evwZj Kiv| Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kiv Kv`vwiqv I gyÕZvwhjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi ixwZ| eis Zuvi nvZ Zuvi we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc wbY©q
e¨wZ‡i‡K| Zuvi †µva Ges Zuvi mš‘wó Zuvi `ywU we‡klY, Avjvni Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl‡Yi gZB, †Kv‡bv ÔKvBdÕ ev ÔwKfv‡eÕ cÖkœ Kiv
QvovB|
gnvb Avjvn mewKQz m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Abw¯—Z¡ †_‡K Aw¯—Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| mKj wKQzi m„wói Av‡MB Abvw`Kvj †_‡K wZwb
G¸‡jvi wel‡q AeMZ wQ‡jb| mKj wKQzB wZwb wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Ges weavb w`‡q‡Qb| `ywbqvq I AvwLiv‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi
B”Qv, Ávb, weavb, wba©viY I jvI‡n gvnd‚‡h wjwce×-KiY Qvov N‡U bv| Zuvi wjLwb eY©bvg~jK, wb‡`©kg~jK bq| weavb cÖ`vb,
wba©viY I B”Qv Zuvi Abvw` we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc, wKiƒc ev wKfv‡e AbymÜvb Qvov| wm×vš—, wba©viY I B”Qv Zuvi Abvw`-Abš—
we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc wRÁvmv Qvov| gnvb Avjvn Aw¯—Z¡nxb welq‡K Aw¯—Z¡nxb Ae¯’vq Aw¯—Z¡nxb wn‡m‡e Rv‡bb, Ges wZwb
Rv‡bb †h, wZwb Zv‡K Aw¯—Z¡ w`‡j Zv wKiƒc n‡e| Avjvn Aw¯—Z¡kxj welq‡K Zvi Aw¯—Z¡kxj Ae¯’vq Rv‡bb Ges wZwb Rv‡bb †h,
Zv wKfv‡e we‡jvc jvf Ki‡e| Avjvn `Êvqgvb‡K `Êvqgvb Ae¯’vq `Êvqgvb iƒ‡c Rv‡bb| Ges hLb †m Dcweó nq ZLb wZwb
Zuv‡K Dcweó Ae¯’vq Dcweó Rv‡bb| Giƒc Rvbvq Zuvi Áv‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b nq bv ev Zuvi ÁvbfvÊv‡i †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡
ms‡hvwRZ nq bv| cwieZ©b I bZzbZ¡ meB m„óRxe‡ì Ae¯’vi g‡a¨|
gnvb Avjvn m„óRMZ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Cgvb I Kzdi †_‡K wegy³ Ae¯’vq| AZtci wZwb Zv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Qb
Ges Av‡`k I wb‡la cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †h e¨w³ Kzd&ix K‡i‡Q †m wb‡Ri Kg© Øviv, A¯^xKvi K‡i, mZ¨‡K Agvb¨ K‡i Ges
Avjvni mvnvh¨, ingZ I ZvIdxK †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q Kzd&ix K‡i‡Q| Avi †h e¨w³ Cgvb G‡b‡Q †m Zvi Kg© Øviv, ¯^xK…wZ
Øviv, mZ¨ e‡j †NvlYv K‡i Ges Avjvni ZvIdxK I mvnvh¨ jv‡fi gva¨‡g Cgvb G‡b‡Q|
wZwb Av`‡gi wcV †_‡K Zuvi eskai‡ì‡K cigvYyi AvK…wZ‡Z †ei K‡i Zv‡ì‡K †evakw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges
Zv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡ib ÒAvwg wK †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK bB? Zviv e‡j: nu¨vÓ 248| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Cgv‡bi wb‡`©k †`b Ges
Kzd&i †_‡K wb‡la K‡ib| Zviv Zuvi i“e~weq¨v‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| G wQj Zv‡ì c¶ †_‡K Cgvb| Av`g mš—vbMY GB
wdZiv‡Zi Dc‡iB Rb¥jvf K‡i| Gici †h Kzd&ix K‡i †m wb‡R‡K cwieZ©b I weK…Z K‡i| Avi †h Cgvb Av‡b Ges
mZ¨Zvi †NvlYv †`q †m Zvi mnRvZ Cgv‡bi Dc‡i cÖwZwôZ _v‡K|
wZwb Zuvi m„wói KvD‡K Kzdix Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib wb Ges Cgvb Avb‡ZI eva¨ K‡ib wb| wZwb KvD‡K gywgbiƒ‡c ev
Kvwdiiƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib wb| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K e¨w³iƒ‡c m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Cgvb I Kzd&i ev›`v‡ì Kg©| Kvwdi‡K Avjvn Zvi
Kzdix Ae¯’vq Kvwdi wn‡m‡eB Rv‡bb| hLb †m Gici Cgvb Avbqb K‡i ZLb Avjvn Zv‡K Zvi Cgv‡bi Ae¯’vq gywgb
wn‡m‡e Rv‡bb Ges fvjev‡mb| Avi G‡Z Avjvni Ávb I we‡kl‡Y †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
ev›`v‡ì mKj Kg© I wb®‹g©Zv- Ae¯’vb I mÂjb meB cÖK…Z A‡_©B Zv‡ì DcvR©b, Avjvn ZvÔAvjv †m m‡ei mªóv| G
meB Zuvi B”Qvq, Áv‡b, dqmvjvq I wba©vi‡Y| Avjvni AvbyM‡Zï mKj Kg© Avjvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Ri“ix Ges Zv Avjvni
gneŸZ, mš‘wó, Ávb, B”Qv, dqmvjv I wba©viY Abymv‡i| mKj cvcKg© Avjvni Ávb, dqmvjv, wba©viY I B”Qvi g‡a¨ msNwUZ,
Z‡e Zv Avjvni gneŸZ, mš‘wó Ges Avjvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i msNwUZ bq|
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Contents

e¨vL¨v I UxKv
1. ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ iPbvi †cÖ¶vcU
ZvInx` I wki‡Ki g~jbxwZ D‡jL Kivi ci Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv AvKx`v welqK weåvwš—¸‡jv LÊb ïi“ Ki‡jb| e¯‘Z
weåvwšÍ `~i K‡i weï× AvKx`v cÖPviB ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ iPbvi g~j D‡Ïk¨| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Cgv‡bi †¶‡Î gywg‡bi
`vwqZ¡ KziAvb I mybœvni wb‡`©kbv mnR-mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv I mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiY Kiv| Cgvb-AvKx`vi welqe¯‘ †h‡nZz
AcwieZ©bxq †m‡nZz G wel‡q BRwZnv` ev hyw³-wKqv‡mi my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ AvKx`v welqK bZzb †Kv‡bv gZ ev
wek¦v‡mi D‡b¥l NU‡j KziAvb, mybœvn Ges mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi wek¦vm I e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K †m¸wji ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv I mwVK
wek¦v‡mi w`K wb‡`©kbv †Ìqvi `vwqZ¡ Bgvg, dKxn I AvwjgM‡Yi Dci eZ©vq|
G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨B Kjg a‡ib Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvbxdv| wZwb wQ‡jb D¤§v‡Zi Ab¨Zg †kªô dKxn| wZwb Zuvi
wdKnx gvhnve wb‡R msKjb K‡ib wb, wKš‘ AvKx`vi wel‡q Zuvi gvhnve wb‡Ri nv‡Z msKjb Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb| ZvInx` I
wkiK-Gi †gŠwjK wel‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv weåvwš— Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi hy‡M cÖKvk cvq wb| GRb¨ G welqwU wZwb ms‡¶‡c D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| Gici Zuvi hy‡M cÖKvwkZ weåvwš—¸‡jvi †¶‡Î mwVK AvKx`v eY©bv ïi“ Ki‡jb|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi hy‡M, A_©vr wnRix cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †kl fvM †_‡K wØZxq kZ‡Ki cÖ_gva© ch©š— mg‡q gymwjg
mgv‡R Bmjvgx AvKx`v wel‡q wewfbœ weåvwš—i D‡b¥l N‡U| G mg‡q we`¨gvb AvKx`v wfwËK `j-Dc`‡ji g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg
wQj: (1) LvwiRx, (2) kxqv, (3) Rvnwgqv, (4) Rvevwiqv, (5) Kv`vwiqv, (6) gyZvwhjv, (6) gykvweŸnv I (7) gyiwRqv
wdiKv| Bmjvgx wek¦vm welqK cÖ_g weåvwš—i D‡b¥l N‡U Avjx (iv)-Gi mg‡q (35-40 wn)| G mg‡q LvwiRx I kxqv `ywU
`‡ji DrcwË N‡U| G `ywU wdiKv wQj g~jZ ivR‰bwZK| Gici cÖ_g wnRix kZ‡Ki †klfvM I wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki
cÖ_gvs‡k Aewkó weåvš— wdiKv¸‡jvi Rb¥ nq| G‡ì weåvwš— g~jZ `vk©wbK gZev` wbf©i Ges Avjvni we‡klYvw`
(attribute) †Kw›`ªK| ivR‰bwZK I `vk©wbK mKj wdiKvi weåvwš—i g~j KviY ÒAvKx`vi DrmÓ wba©vi‡Y weåvwš—| GRb¨ G
mKj wdiKvi weåvwš— Ac‡bv`‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ ü`q½g Kivi c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e Avgiv Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wfwË I
Drm welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB|
2. AvKx`vi Drm
2. 1. AvKx`vi Drm Inx
e¯‘Z AvKx`v welqK mKj wefw³ I weåvwš—i g~j KviY ÒAvKx`vÓ ev Òwek¦vmÓ-Gi Drm wba©vi‡Y weåvwš—, A¯úóZv
ev gZ‡f`| GRb¨ †gvjøv Avjx Kvix ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨vq AvKx`v ev ZvInx`-Áv‡bi Drm cÖm½ DÌvcb
K‡i‡Qb, hv Avgiv GKUz c‡i D‡jL Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
mvnvexMY, Zuv‡ì Abymvix ZvweqxMY, Pvi Bgvg I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g‡Z AvKx`vi GKgvÎ Drm
Inx| KviY AvKx`v ev wek¦vm A`„‡kï mv‡_ m¤ú„³| Avi A`„k¨ wel‡q P~ovš— I mwVK mZ¨ ïay Avjvni c¶ †_‡K cÖ`Ë
Inxi gva¨‡gB Rvbv hvq| ivm~jyjvn -Gi cÖwZ `y cÖKv‡ii Inx †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q Ges `y fv‡e msiw¶Z n‡q‡Q: wKZve ev
KziAvb I wnKgvn ev nv`xm| 249
P248F
2. 1. 1. KziAvb gvRx`
KziAvb ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Dci †hfv‡e AeZxY© n‡q‡Q Av¶wiKfv‡e †mfv‡eB wZwb I mvnvexMY gyL¯’ K‡i‡Qb,
cÖwZw`b mvjv‡Z cvV K‡i‡Qb, iv‡Zi mvjv‡Z Ges wbqwgZ wZjvIqv‡Z LZg K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e mvnvexM‡Yi hyM †_‡K
AMwYZ AmsL¨ gymwjg KziAvb gyL¯’ I wZjvIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g msiÿY K‡i‡Qb| KziAvbB Cgvb, wek¦vm ev AvKx`vi g~j
wfwË|
Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z †`Le †h, KziAv‡bi wel‡q mvnvex-Zvweqx I Zuv‡ì Abymvix Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi
g~jbxwZ `ywU: (1) KziAv‡bi e³e¨ mij I evwn¨K A‡_© MÖnY Kiv| †Kv‡bviƒc †Nvicu¨vP ev Zvdmxi-e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Av¶wiK
I mij A_© cwiZ¨vM bv Kiv| (2) KziAv‡bi mKj e³e¨ mgvbfv‡e MÖnY I wek¦vm Kiv| GKwU e³‡eï ARynv‡Z Ab¨
e³e¨‡K e¨vL¨vi bv‡g A_©nxb bv Kiv| eis `ywU e³e¨B h_vm¤¢e mij I Av¶wiK A‡_© MÖnY Kiv| kxqv, LvwiRx, gyZvwhjx
I Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`vq G‡¶‡Î Zvdmx‡ii bv‡g mij A_© Z¨vM K‡i‡Q Ges GKwU e³‡eï ARynv‡Z Ab¨ e³e¨ evwZj K‡i‡Q|
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi Ab¨ g~jbxwZ KziAv‡bi A_© I e¨vL¨v Abyave‡bi †¶‡Î mgm¨v n‡j mvnvexM‡Yi
AbymiY Kiv| Zuviv hv e‡jb wb Zv AvKx`vi g‡a¨ ms‡hvRb bv Kiv|
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2. 1. 2. mnxn nv`xm
wØZxq cÖKv‡ii Inx ÒAvj-wnKgvnÓ ev cÖÁv| KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v I cÖv‡qvwMK wel‡q Inxi gva¨‡g Avjvn Zuvi ivm~j
()-‡K †h wk¶v, Z_¨ I Ávb cÖ`vb K‡ib wZwb Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq mvnvexMY‡K wk¶v †`b| Zuvi G wk¶v Ònv`xmÓ bv‡g
msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| nv`xmB Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wØZxq wfwË I Drm|
mvnvexMY ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K †h K_v ev nv`xm ïb‡Zb Zv Ab¨‡ì‡K †kvbv‡Zb| †KD Zv wj‡L ivL‡Zb Ges †KD g‡b
ivL‡Zb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b ej‡Zb| wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i gymwjgMY mvnvexMY †_‡K nv`xm wkL‡Zb Ges wjwce× Ki‡Zb| wØZxq wnRix
kZ‡Ki ïi“ †_‡K nv`xm MÖš’vKv‡i wjwce× Kiv nq|
nv`x‡mi wel‡q mvnvexMY I cieZ©x BgvgM‡Yi gyjbxwZ nv`xm bv‡g cÖPvwiZ e³e¨ MÖn‡Yi Av‡M hvPvB Kiv|
†KejgvÎ ÒmnxnÓ nv`xm MÖnY Kiv| Awbf©i‡hvM¨ nv`xm eR©b Kiv Ges nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZi me©vZ¥K we‡ivwaZv Kiv|
`ye©j ev Rvj nv`xm wb‡R‡ì g‡Zi c‡¶ n‡jI Zv eR©b K‡i Zvi RvwjqvwZ ev `ye©jZv eY©bv Kiv Ges mnxn nv`xm
wb‡R‡ì g‡Zi wei“‡× n‡jI Zvi weï×Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i Zvi Av‡jv‡K wb‡R‡ì gZ ms‡kvab I mgš^q Kiv| mvnvexMY,
ZvweqxMY Ges Pvi Bgvg G wel‡q A‡bK wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| Bgvg Avh‡gi wKQz e³e¨ Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© †`‡LwQ| cvkvcvwk
Zv‡ì g~jbxwZ n‡jv, mnxn nv`xm evwn¨K I mij A‡_© MÖnY Kiv, e¨vL¨vi bv‡g weK…Z bv Kiv Ges mKj mnxn nv`xm
h_vm¤¢e mgwš^Zfv‡e MÖnY Kiv|
LvwiRx, kxqv, gyZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ †Mvôx nv`xm wel‡q A‡bK weåvwš— I êcix‡Zï g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡q‡Q| †m¸wji
Ab¨Zg:
(1) nv`xm MÖnY bv Kiv| kxqvM‡Yi g‡Z mvnvexMY wek¦¯— wQ‡jb bv (bvDh~ wejvn); Kv‡RB Zuv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| gyZvwhjxMY nv`x‡mi eY©bvq fyj _vK‡Z cv‡i ARynv‡Z, KziAvb w`‡q A_ev eyw×-we‡eK w`‡q nv`xm
hvPvB‡qi bv‡g nv`xm cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
(2) mb` hvPvB bq, eis cQ›` Abymv‡i nv`xm MÖnY Kiv| Zviv weï×Zv hvPvB K‡i nv`xm MÖnY K‡ib bv| eis †h
nv`xm Zv‡ì g‡Zi c‡¶ Zv Zviv MÖnY K‡ib I cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck K‡ib| Avi †h nv`xm Zv‡ì g‡Zi wec‡¶ Zv bvbv
ARynv‡Z AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j `vwe K‡ib|
(3) nv`x‡mi bv‡g wg_¨v ejv ev Rvj nv`xm cÖPvi I MÖnY Kiv| G wel‡q kxqvMY AMÖMvgx wQ‡jb| GQvov ÒAvnjym
mybœvZÓ bv‡g cwiPq `vbKvix ÒKvi&ivwgqvÓ I Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`vqI wb‡R‡ì g‡Zi c‡¶ nv`xm Rvj Kiv I Rvj nv`xm cÖPvi
Kivq AMÖYx wQ‡jb| Dciš‘ Avnjym mybœv‡Zi BgvgMY hLb mb`-wePvi K‡i †m¸‡jvi RvwjqvwZ DÑvUb Ki‡Zb ZLb Zviv
mb`-cÖgv‡Yi w`‡K bv †h‡q Zuv‡ì‡K Ôbexi () `ykgbÕ, ÒAvjx-es‡ki kÎ“Ó, ÒGwh‡ì `vjvjÓ BZ¨vw` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e Zviv mijcÖvY mvaviY gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì RvwjqvwZi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I gynvwÏmM‡Yi hvPvB‡qi cÖwZ
weiƒc gvbwmKZv ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| Ab¨vb¨ wdiKv wb‡Riv RvwjqvwZi †¶‡Î AZUv AMÖmi bv n‡jI wb‡R‡ì c‡¶i Rvj
nv`xm MÖnY I cÖPvi Ki‡Zb|
(4) e¨vL¨vi bv‡g mij A_© weK…Z Kiv| nv`x‡mi †¶‡ÎI e¨vL¨vi bv‡g nv`x‡mi mij A_© weK…Z Kiv G mKj weåvš—
†Mvôxi êwkó¨|
2. 1. 3. gyZvIqvwZi I Avnv` nv`xm
†h nv`xm mvnvexM‡Yi hyM †_‡KB eû mb‡` ewY©Z Zv‡K ÒgyZvIqvwZiÓ (recurrent; frequent) ev eûgy‡L ewY©Z nv`xm ejv
nq| g~jZ KziAv‡bi cvkvcvwk Giƒc nv`xmB AvKx`vi wfwË| ivm~jyjvn  Zvui D¤§vZ‡K weï×Zg AvKx`v I Avgj wkwL‡q
wM‡q‡Qb| Avg‡ji †¶‡Î weKí Av‡Q| me gymwj‡gi Dci dih wKQy KvR e¨ZxZ wewfbœ dhxjZg~jK †bK Kg© GKwU bv Ki‡j
Ab¨wU Kiv hvq| wKš‘ AvKx`vi ‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| AvKx`v mevi Rb¨ GKB iƒ‡c me©cÖ_g dih| †h welqwU wek¦vm Kiv
gywg‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m welqwU Aek¨B ivm~jyjvn () Zuvi mKj mvnvex‡K my¯úó I Ø¨_©nxb fvlv‡Z Rvwb‡q‡Qb Ges
mvnvexMYI Gfv‡e ZvweqxMY‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb| G‡Z Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, AvKx`vi welq my¯úófv‡e KziAv‡b A_ev gyZvIqvwZi
nv`x‡m ewY©Z|
`y-GKRb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z nv`xm‡K ÔAvnv`Õ ev ÒLvevi“j Iqvwn`Ó A_©vr GKK nv`xm ejv nq| Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdvmn cÖ_g `y kZvãxi mKj Bgvg, dKxn I gynvwÏ‡mi `„wó‡Z ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ I ÔAvnv`Õ Dfq cÖKvi mnxn nv`xmB AvKx`vi
wfwË I Drm wn‡m‡e M„nxZ| G wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi GKvwaK e³e¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ Ges Av‡iv †`Le| G‡¶‡Î cv_©K¨
n‡jv, gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ welq A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Zv Kzdi e‡j MY¨ Avi ÔAvnv`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ welq
A¯^xKvi Kiv weåvwš— I c_åóZv e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq|
2. 2. Inx Abyave‡b mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi HKgZ¨
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g‡Z KziAv‡b I nv`x‡m hv wek¦vm Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q Zv mijfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv Bmjvgx
AvKx`vi g~j wfwË| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi evYx AZ¨š— my¯có| Avjvn I Zuvi ivmy‡ji () wk¶vi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv RwUjZv,
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†MvcbxqZv ev ¯^we‡ivwaZv †bB| ZviciI KL‡bv Áv‡bi `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y KziAvb-nv`xm Abyaveb ev e¨vL¨vi †¶‡Î
gZcv_©K¨ ev wØav m„wó n‡j ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi mvnvexMY Ges cieZ©x `y cÖRb¥ ÔZvweqxÕ I ÔZvwe-ZvweqxM‡YiÕ e¨vL¨v I gZvgZB
P~ovš— e‡j MY¨ n‡e| we‡klZ Zuv‡ì BRgv ev HKgZ¨ AvKx`vi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MY¨| KziAvb I nv`xmB Zuv‡ì êwk‡óï D‡jL
K‡i‡Q| Avgiv cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq G welqK wKQz AvqvZ I nv`xm †`Le, Bbkv Avjvn|
gymwjg mgv‡Ri cÖ_g weåvš— wdiKv ÒLvwiRxMYÓ KziAvb I nv`xm‡K Bmjvgx kixqZ I AvKx`vi Drm e‡j ¯^xKvi
KiZ| Zv‡ì weåvwš—i ïi“ ÒÁv‡bi An¼viÓ †_‡K| Inx Abyave‡bi Rb¨ mvnvexM‡Yi gZvgZ I e¨vL¨vi ¸i“Z¡ Zviv
A¯^xKvi KiZ| GQvov ÒmybœvZÓ-Gi ¸i“Z¡I A¯^xKvi KiZ| A_©vr Zuviv KziAv‡bi AvqvZ ev nv`xm w`‡q †h gZwU MÖnY
Ki‡Q †m gZ ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Kg©aviv ev ixwZi g‡a¨ ev cÖv‡qvwMK mybœv‡Zi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wKbv Zv we‡ePbv KiZ bv|
m‡e©vcwi Zviv KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wKQz e³‡eï wfwË‡Z wb‡R‡ì gZ MÖnY KiZ| Gi wecix‡Z KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨
e³e¨ e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj K‡i w`Z| Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, LvwiRxM‡Yi weåvwš—i Drm (1) mybœv‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ A¯^xKvi, (2)
mvnvexM‡Yi gZvgZ A¯^xKvi I (3) ÒcQ›`Ó Abymv‡i KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wKQz e³e¨ MÖnY I wKQz e¨vL¨vi bv‡g evwZj Kiv|
2. 3. Inx ewnf©~Z HwkK-A‡jŠwKK Ávb
gymwjg mgv‡Ri wØZxq wdiKv ÒkxqvÓ| mvnvexMY ewY©Z nv`xm Zviv A¯^xKvi K‡i| Zv‡ì BgvgM‡Yi bv‡g AMwYZ Rvj
I wg_¨v K_v nv`xm bv‡g Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ| Zv‡ì A‡b‡K KziAvb‡KI A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges weK…Z e‡j `vwe K‡i| Z‡e ¯^xKvi
ev A¯^xKvi GLv‡b g~j¨nxb| Zv‡ì weåvwš—i g~j KviY KziAvb-mybœvni evB‡i ÒAvjvni c¶ †_‡K ÁvbÓ MÖn‡Yi c_ Av‡Q e‡j
wek¦vm Kiv| Zv‡ì wek¦v‡m Cgvb, AvKx`v I `x‡bi GKgvÎ wfwË Avjx-es‡ki BgvgMY I Zuv‡ì ÔLjxdvÕ ev ÔIjxÕ-M‡Yi ÔMvBexÕ
Ávb| Zviv G MvBex Ávb‡K ÔInxÕ, ÔBjg jv`ybœxÕ, ÔBjnvgÕ, ÔBjg evwZbÕ, ÔKvkdÕ, ÔBjKvÕ BZ¨vw` bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ KiZ I K‡i|
Zv‡ì g‡Z BgvgMY, Zuv‡ì LjxdvMY ev IjxMY Avjvni KvQ †_‡K Gfv‡e †h ÒHwkKÓ ev ÒA‡jŠwKKÓ Ávb jvf K‡ib Zv-B
AvKx`v-wek¦v‡mi wfwË| KziAvb-nv`xm mwVKfv‡e Abyave‡bi ¶gZvI Zuv‡ìB Av‡Q| Zuviv gvm~g ev Aåvš—, A_©vr `xb eySvi
†¶‡Î Zv‡ì fyj n‡Z cv‡i bv| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ MÖnY, eR©b ev e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e Zv‡ì e³‡eï wfwË‡Z|
Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g eiKZgq wZb kZvãxi c‡i gymwjg we‡k¦i me©Î kxqv AvwacZ¨ cÖwZwôZ nq I mvaviY ÒmybœxÓ gymwjgMYI
wewfbœ kxqv AvKx`v Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| GRb¨ Avgiv †`wL †h, kxqvMY I kxqvM‡Yi Øviv cÖfvweZ AMwYZ ÒmybœxÓ e¨w³ I †Mvôx
wewfbœ Mvjfiv Dcvwa‡Z fywlZ K‡i wewfbœ eyRyM©‡K Aåvš— e‡j `vwe K‡i ÒwkiK wdb-byeyIqvZÓ ev ÔbyeyIqv‡Z wki‡KiÓ g‡a¨
wbcwZZ n‡q‡Qb| Zuviv wb‡R‡ì cQ›`gZ wewfbœ eyRy‡M©i bv‡g MvIm, KzZze, Bgvg, gyRvwÏ`... BZ¨vw` Dcvwa eënvi K‡i
Zv‡ì‡K Avjvn ev Zuvi ivm~j () †_‡K mivmwi ÒHkxÓ ev Aåvš— Bjg-cÖvß e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Qb| D‡jL¨ †h, MvIm, KzZze
BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv Dcvwa KziAvb-nv`x‡m eëüZ nq wb| ÔBgvgÕ kãwUi cÖK…Z A_© Avgiv cieZ©x‡Z Av‡jvPbv Kie| D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨
gyRvwÏ`MY _vK‡eb| Z‡e †K gyRvwÏ` Zv wbwðZfv‡e †KDB Rv‡bb bv| KvD‡K gyRvwÏ` e‡j wPwýZ Kiv GKvš—B Av›`vh I
Abygvb gvÎ| Avi gyRvwÏ` `vwe‡Z KvD‡K wbf©yj g‡b Kiv, gyRvwÏ`‡K Bjnvg ev Kvkd-m¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e e‡j g‡b Kiv ev
KvD‡K gyRvwÏ` e‡j `vwe K‡i Zvi gZvgZ‡K `jx‡ji gvb †Ìqv my¯úó weåvwš—|250
e¯‘Z KziAvb I nv`x‡mi c‡i Ab¨ wKQz‡K fz‡ji E‡aŸ© ev P~ovš— e‡j MY¨ Kiv, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi c‡i Ab¨ KvD‡K
fy‡ji E‡aŸ© e‡j MY¨ Kiv Ges Kvkd, BjKv, ¯^cœ BZ¨vw`‡K ÔKvivgZÕ ev e¨w³MZ m¤§vbbvi ch©vq †_‡K †ei K‡i Cgvb,
AvKx`v ev `x‡bi n°-evwZj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv AvKx`vi †¶‡Î weåvwš—i Ab¨Zg KviY| BgvgMY Giƒc cÖeYZvi
†Nvi AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg gvwjK (ivn) e‡jb:
ِ ‫ُﻛ ﱡل أَﺤ ٍد ﯿؤ َﺨ ُذ ِﻤن ﻗَوﻟِ ِﻪ وﯿﺘْر ُ ﱠ‬
. ‫ب َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِر‬ َ ‫ك ِإﻻ‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎﺤ‬ َ َُ ْ ْ ُْ َ
ÒG Ke‡i whwb kvwqZ Av‡Qb-ivm~jyjvn  Qvov Ab¨ mKj gvby‡li †¶‡ÎB Zvi wKQz K_v MÖnY I wKQz K_v eR©b
Ki‡Z nq||Ó 251
GRb¨ Avnjym mybœv‡Zi g~jbxwZ ivm~jyjvn -Gi c‡i †Kv‡bv e¨w³i wb®úvcZ¡, Aåvš—Zv ev we‡kl Áv‡b wek¦vm bv Kiv|
Zuviv Kvkd, Bj&nvg, BZ¨vwì Aw¯—Z¡ wek¦vm K‡ib Ges G¸wj‡K e¨w³ gywg‡bi Rb¨ ÔKvivgZÕ I wbqvgZ e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| wKš‘
G¸‡jv‡K AvKx`vi wfwË ev KziAvb-mybœvni e¨vL¨vi Drm wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib bv| †Kv‡bv Avwjg-eRyM©B Ôgvm~gÕ ev Aåvš—Zvi
c`gh©v`v cv‡eb bv| Zvi A‡bK mwVK g‡Zi cvkvcvwk wKQz fyj gZ _vK‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK I mywbwðZ| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi c‡i
Avi Kv‡iv K_vB wbwe©Pv‡i MÖnY Kiv nq bv, KziAvb-mybœvn w`‡q wePvi K‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Kv‡iv K_v w`‡q KziAvb ev mybœvn
wePvi Kiv hvq bv eis KziAvb I mybœvn w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki K_v wePvi Ki‡Z nq|
Avjvgv Dgi Beb gynv¤§v` Avb-bvmvdx (537 wn) ÒAvj-AvKvB` Avb-bvmvwdq¨vnÓ I Avjvgv mvÕ` DÏxb gvmE`
Beb Dgi ZvdZvhvbx (791wn) Òkviûj AvKvB` Avb bvmvwdq¨vnÓÑ†Z wj‡L‡Qb:
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.‫ق‬ ْ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻲ ِء ِﻋ ْﻨ َد أ‬
‫َﻫ ِل ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺎب ا ْﻟﻤﻌ ِرﻓَ ِﺔ ﺒ‬
ْ َ ِ ‫َﺴَﺒ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺎء َﻤ ْﻌًﻨﻰ ِﻓﻲ اﻟْ َﻘ ْﻠ ِب ﺒِطَ ِرْﯿ‬
ِ ‫ق ا ْﻟﻔَْﯿ‬
ْ ‫ض ﻟَْﯿ َس ﻤ ْن أ‬ ْ
ِ َ‫اَ ِﻹ ْﻟﻬﺎم ا ْﻟﻤﻔَﺴﱠر ﺒِِﺈ ْﻟﻘ‬
ُ ُ َُ
252
Òn°cš’xM‡Yi wbKU Bjnvg ev BjKv-d‡qR †Kv‡bv wKQyi mwVKZ¡ Rvbvi †Kv‡bv gva¨g bq|Ó
2. 4. AvKjx `jxj ev eyw×e„wËK hyw³ I `k©b
Rvnwgqv, gyZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ wdiKvi weåvwš—i KviY wQj ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ, A_©vr eyw×e„wËK ev `vk©wbK hyw³-cÖgvY‡K Inxi
Dc‡i ¯’vb †Ìqv| Zv‡ì g‡Z AvKx`vi mZ¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ ÔAvKjÕB mywbwðZ c_| ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ-Gi wb‡`©kbv ÔGKxbxÕ A_©vr
ÔmywbwðZÕ| c¶vš—‡i ÔbKjx `jxjÕ ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv ÔhvbœxÕ, A_©vr ÔA¯úóÕ ev ÔaviYv cÖ`vbKvixÕ| Inxi wb‡`©kbv
ÔAvKjm¤§ZÕ n‡j Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Zv AvKjm¤§Z bv n‡j e¨vL¨v K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Bmjvg ÔAvKjÕ, ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ I †hŠw³KZv‡K ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| KL‡bvB a‡g©i bv‡g gvbexq Ávb, hyw³ ev ÔAvKjx
`jx‡jiÕ mv‡_ mvsNwl©K wKQz wek¦vm Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv nq wb| ÔAvnjym mybœvZÕ ÔAvKjÕ-Gi ¸i“Z¡ ¯^xKvi K‡ib| wKš‘ AvKx`v
cÖgv‡Yi †¶‡Î AvKjx `jxj‡K Inxi E‡aŸ© ¯’vb †`b bv| gvbexq cÖK…wZ I mnRvZ Abyf~wZi wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ I eyw×MÖvn¨ Inx
wb‡`©wkZ wek¦vm‡K ÔAvKjx `jx‡jiÕ bv‡g cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi wb›`v K‡ib Zuviv| gvbexq Ávb-eyw× Avjvni Ab¨Zg wbqvgZ| Avjvn
gvbyl‡K G wbqvgZ w`‡qB m‡e©v”P gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †h‡nZz AvKj I Inx `ywUB Avjvni c¶ †_‡K cÖ`Ë wbqvgZ †m‡nZz G
`y‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv êcixZ¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e G `y‡qi wePiY †¶Î c„_K| MvBex wel‡q ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ P~ovš— wm×vš— w`‡Z
A¶g| G‡ÿ‡Î InxB wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i|
InxcÖvß RvwZ¸‡jvi weåvwšÍi eo KviY Inxi wecix‡Z ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ ev Ô`vk©wbK hyw³Õ †ck Kiv| cÖPwjZ L„÷a‡g©i
cÖwZôvZv mvay cj I Zvi AbymvixMY wÎZ¡ev`, hxïi Ck¦iZ¡, gnvb Avjøvni gvbexq †`naviY, Avw`cvc, cÖvqwðZ¡ev` BZ¨vw` Inx
we‡ivax I Cmv gvmx‡ni e³e¨ we‡ivax wek¦vm¸‡jvi c‡ÿ ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ bv‡g †h mKj `jxj cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv
Ki‡j †h †KD eyS‡eb †h, KZ D™¢U K_v ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ bv‡g AMwYZ Av`g mšÍvb MÖnY Ki‡Qb|
m‡e©vcwi, gvbexq eyw×-we‡eK Aw¯’wZkxj I AwbwðZ| GKR‡bi Kv‡Q hv †hŠw³K ev ÔwbwðZ AvKjx `jxjÕ A‡bï Kv‡Q
Zv m¤ú~Y© A‡hŠw³K I Ávb-wei“×| Avevi GKB e¨w³i eyw×, we‡eK I hyw³ wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ wm×vš— †`q| †èZvi Rb¨
biewj cÖ`v‡bi c‡ÿ A‡b‡K ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb| Avevi gvby‡li Rb¨ gvsm fÿY‡K A‡b‡K gvbeZv we‡ivax e‡j
ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ †ck Ki‡Qb|
a‡g©i bv‡g hw` ejv nq mªóv Rb¥, eY© ev es‡ki Kvi‡Y Zuvi †Kv‡bv m„wó‡K N„Yv ev †nq K‡ib, wZwb gvby‡li †ek a‡i
c„w_ex‡Z Av‡mb, wZwb GKR‡bi cv‡c Ab¨Rb‡K kvw¯Í †`b ... Z‡e Zv ÔInxÕ bq e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡e| KviY G mKj welq mnRvZ
we‡e‡K I Ávbeyw×i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| c¶vš—‡i hw` ejv nq †h, Avjvn ¶gvkxj-Ki“Yvgq Ges wZwb b¨vqwePviK-kvw¯—`vZv Z‡e
Dfq welqB gvbexq we‡eKm¤§Z I †hŠw³K| AvKx`v wel‡q KziAvb-mybœvni mKj wb‡`©kbvB Giƒc gvbexq we‡eKm¤§Z I
eyw×MÖvn¨| Giƒc wel‡q hw` †KD wb‡Ri eyw× w`‡q Dfq we‡kl‡Yi g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ Abyfe K‡ib Ges wewfbœ hyw³ ev `k©b wbf©i
e³e¨‡K ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ bvg w`‡q Inxi wk¶v evwZj ev e¨vL¨v K‡ib Z‡e Zv weåvwš—|
2. 5. Inx ebvg Inxi e¨vL¨v
†Kv‡bv e³‡eï e¨vL¨v `y ch©v‡qi n‡Z cv‡i: (1) evwn¨K I mij A_© Ges (2) evwn¨K A‡_©i e¨wZµg ev AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv
A_© hv evwn¨K A_© †_‡K eySv hvq bv| cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨vL¨v g~jZ InxiB A_©| wØZxq ch©v‡qi e¨vL¨v Inx Abyave‡bi wewfbœ e¨w³i
gZ| Avgiv e¨vL¨v ej‡Z wØZxq ch©v‡qi e¨vL¨v eySvw”Q| weåvš— mKj †Mvôxi êwkó¨ Inxi Giƒc e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi mgZ‚j¨ g‡b
Kiv| Zv‡ì AvKx`vi wfwËB ÒZvdmxiÓ| GKwU bgybv †`Lyb| Avjvn e‡j‡Qb:
َ‫ﷲُ َو َرﺳُﻮﻟُﮫُ َواﻟﱠ ِﺬﯾﻦَ آَ َﻣﻨُﻮا اﻟﱠ ِﺬﯾﻦَ ﯾُ ِﻘﯿ ُﻤﻮنَ اﻟﺼﱠﻼةَ َوﯾ ُْﺆﺗُﻮنَ اﻟ ﱠﺰ َﻛﺎةَ َوھُ ْﻢ َرا ِﻛﻌُﻮن‬
‫إِﻧﱠ َﻤﺎ َو ِﻟﯿﱡ ُﻜ ُﻢ ﱠ‬
Ò†Zvgv‡ì AwffveK-eÜz †Zv Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j Ges hviv Cgvb MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hviv mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i Ges hvKvZ
cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Zviv i“Kz-iZ|Ó 253
Beb AveŸvm (iv), Avjx (iv), Av¤§vi (iv), gyRvwn` Beb Rve&i cÖgyL mvnvex I Zvweqx †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, G AvqvZwU
Avjx (iv)-Gi m¤ú‡K© AeZxY©| G welqK eY©bv¸‡jvi AwaKvsk mb` AZ¨š— `ye©j| G eY©bv¸‡jvi mvi ms‡¶c GB †h, GKRb
wf¶zK gmwR‡ì g‡a¨ wf¶v Pvb| †KD Zv‡K †Kv‡bv wf¶v cÖ`vb K‡ib bv| Avjx (iv) ZLb gmwR‡ì g‡a¨ bdj mvjvZ Av`v‡q
iZ wQ‡jb| wZwb G mgq i“KziZ Ae¯’vq wQ‡jb| G Ae¯’v‡ZB wZwb Bkvivq wf¶zK‡K Wv‡Kb Ges wb‡Ri nv‡Zi AvswU Ly‡j
wf¶yK‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib| wf¶zK ivm~jyjvn -Gi wbKU AvMgb K‡i welqwU Rvbvb| ZLb gnvb Avjvn G AvqvZ bvwhj K‡ib|
ivm~jyjvn  AvqvZwU cvV K‡i e‡jb, ÒAvwg hvi eÜz AvjxI Zvi eÜz| †n Avjvn, Avjx‡K †h eÜz wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K Avcwb
eÜz wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki“b Ges Avjxi mv‡_ †h kÎ“Zv K‡i Avcwb Zvi mv‡_ kÎ“Zv Ki“b|Ó 254
G kv‡b byh~j I Zvdmxi‡K kxqvMY Zv‡ì AvKx`vi wfwË evwb‡q‡Qb| Zviv e‡jb, G AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ †h, Avjx‡K
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eÜz wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv ev Zuvi `jfy³ nIqv Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| Kv‡RB mvnvexMY I Zuv‡ì cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj mKj
gymwjgB Avjøvni `ykgb| Avjx‡K ivóªÿgZv cÖ`vb bv K‡i, Zuvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i ev Zuvi weiæ‡× hy× K‡i Ave~ eKi, Dgvi,
Dmgvb, gyAvweqv () I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex Avjøvni `ykgb n‡q‡Qb| Avi Zuv‡ì mg_©KMYI Avjøvni `ykgb| Zuviv mK‡jB
KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k A¯^xKvi Kivi Kvi‡Y Kvwdi-gyiZv` e‡j MY¨ (bvDh~ wejvn!)|
KziAvb I Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Ki“b| KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k: gywgb‡ì Aek¨B Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j ()-†K Ges
mvjvZ Kv‡qgKvix I hvKvZ cÖ`vbKvix gywgbMY‡K eÜz wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avjx (iv) I mKj mvnvex I Ab¨vb¨ gywgb Gi
Aš—f©y³| G‡ÿ‡Î Avjx (iv)-Gi we‡klZ¡ KziAvb Øviv cÖgvwYZ bq eis `ye©j ev ÔAvnv`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`x‡m ewY©Z Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
gydvm&wm‡ii gZ| G mKj gZ Øviv Avjx (iv)-Gi gh©v`v Rvbv hvq, Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ mvnvexi Aeg~j¨vqb Rvbv hvq bv| m‡e©vcwi
KL‡bvB welqwU‡K AvKx`vi Ask evbv‡bv hvq bv| †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e Avjvn ev Zuvi ivm~‡ji () we‡ivwaZv ev we‡Ø‡l‡cvlY Cgvb
webóKvix| wKš‘ RvMwZK ev BRwZnv`x Kvi‡Y Avjx (iv)-Gi we‡ivwaZv Kiv Z`ªƒc bq| wKš‘ kxqvMY Zvdmxi‡K wek¦v‡mi wfwË
evwb‡q‡Qb| Avgiv †`Le †h, ivm~jyjøvn () I Avjx-es‡ki BgvgM‡Yi b~i (Av‡jv) †_‡K m„wó, Zv‡ì MvBex Bjg BZvw`
AvKx`vi †ÿ‡ÎI kxqvMY Giƒc Zvdmx‡ii Dc‡iB wbf©i K‡ib|
2. 6. cQ›`-wbf©iZv I Ace¨vL¨v
weåvš— wdiKv¸‡jvi êwkó¨ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †h e³e¨ Zv‡ì gZ ev cQ‡›ì mv‡_ wg‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv Ges Ab¨ mKj
e³‡eï mij A_© Ace¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj Kiv| c~e©eZ©x D¤§vZ¸‡jvi weåvwš—iI Ab¨Zg KviY wQj G cQ›` wbf©iZv, hv‡K
KziAv‡b ÔnvIqvÕ (‫( )اﻟﻬوى‬love; liking, bias) ejv n‡q‡Q|
2. 7. AvKx`vi Drm wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ
wdKn, AvKx`v I `x‡bi mKj wel‡q KziAvb I mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©iZvi wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi wKQz e³e¨
Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© †`‡LwQ| Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Bgvg BqvnBqv Beb gvqxb (158-233 wn) Zuvi mb‡` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi wb‡gœi
e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:
ÒAvwg Avjvni wKZv‡ei Dci wbf©i Kwi| Avjvni wKZv‡e hv bv cvB †m wel‡q ivm~jyjvn -Gi mybœvZ I wbf©i‡hvM¨
ivex‡ì m~‡Î wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì †_‡K ewY©Z mnxn nv`xm¸‡jvi Dci wbf©i Kwi| wKZve I mybœv‡Z hv bv cvB †m wel‡q
mvnvexM‡Yi e³‡eï Dci wbf©i Kwi| Zuv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K hvi gZ B”Qv MÖnY Kwi Ges hvi gZ B”Qv ev` †`B, Z‡e Zuv‡ì gZ
†Q‡o Ab¨ Kv‡iv K_vi w`‡K hvB bv| Avi hLb welqwU Beivnxg bvLqx, kvÕex, Beb mxixb, nvmvb emix... ch©v‡q Av‡m ZLb
Zuviv †hgb BRwZnv` K‡i‡Qb AvwgI †Zgb BRwZnv` Kwi|Ó 255
GLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv K‡qKwU welq ¯úó K‡i‡Qb:
cÖ_gZ: `x‡bi g~j wfwË KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Dci| KziAv‡b †h welqwU my¯úó i‡q‡Q Zv MÖnY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| KziAv‡b
†Kv‡bv welq my¯úó bv _vK‡j nv`x‡m Zv AbymÜvb Ki‡Z n‡e| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi we`¨gvb †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbvi wel‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
e¨w³i e³e¨, e¨vL¨v ev BRwZnv` MÖnY Kivi my‡hvM †bB|
wØZxqZ: nv`x‡mi †¶‡Î ivex‡ì wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I mb‡ì ci¤úivi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi weï×Zv hvPvB K‡i MÖnY Kiv
Ri“ix|
Z…ZxqZ: Inx ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi c‡iB ÔwiRvjyj InxÕ ev ÔwiRvjyjvnÕ ev ÔInxi gvbylÕ: mvnvexMY| KziAv‡b Zuv‡ì
mwVK AbymiY‡K gnvb Avjvni mš‘wó I Rvbœv‡Zi c_ e‡j D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| 256 Kv‡RB Zuv‡ì g‡Zi evB‡i hvIqv
gywg‡bi Rb¨ êa bq| KziAvb-nv`x‡m †h mKj welq †bB †m mKj wel‡q Ges KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vi wel‡q Zuv‡ì
BRgv ev HKgZ¨ Aek¨B MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zuv‡ì gZ‡f` _vK‡j Zuv‡ì g‡Zi g‡a¨B _vK‡Z n‡e; bZzb †Kv‡bv gZ MÖnY
Kiv hv‡e bv|
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Avh‡gi QvÎ Bgvg nvmvb Beb whqv` jyjyqx (204 wn) e‡jb, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ej‡Zb:
‫ﻟﯿس ﻷﺤد أن ﯿﻘول ﺒرأﯿﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻨص ﻋن ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ أو ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ أو إﺠﻤﺎع ﻋن اﻷﻤﺔ ٕواذا اﺨﺘﻠف اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗوال ﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻫو أﻗرب اﻟﻰ اﻟﻛﺘﺎب أو اﻟﺴﻨﻪ وﻨﺠﺘﻨب ﻋﻤﺎ ﺠﺎوز ذﻟك‬
ÒAvjvni wKZv‡e A_ev ivm~jyjvn -Gi mybœv‡Z †Kv‡bv e³e¨ _vK‡j A_ev D¤§v‡Zi BRgv we`¨gvb _vK‡j †m
wel‡q wKqvm ev BRwZnv` Øviv K_v ejvi AwaKvi Kv‡iv †bB| Avi hw` mvnvexMY gZ‡f` K‡ib Z‡e Avgiv Zuv‡ì
gZ¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K KziAvb A_ev mybœv‡Zi AwaK wbKUeZ©x e³e¨wU MÖnY Kwi Ges Gi e¨wZµg me wKQz cwiZ¨vM
Kwi|Ó 257
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PZz_©Z: mvnvexM‡Yi ci Avi Kv‡iv Giƒc gh©v`v †bB| ZvweqxMY I cieZ©x mKj Avwj‡gi gZ wePvi I hvPvB c~e©K
MÖnY ev eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| G cÖm‡½ wZwb ej‡Zb:
‫ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء ﻋن اﷲ ورﺴوﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻨﺘﺠﺎوز ﻋﻨﻪ وﻤﺎ اﺨﺘﻠف ﻓﯿﻪ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ أﺨﺘرﻨﺎﻩ وﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء ﻋن ﻏﯿرﻫم أﺨذﻨﺎ وﺘرﻛﻨﺎ‬
ÒAvjvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j () †_‡K hv ewY©Z Zvi evB‡i Avgiv hvB bv| †h wel‡q mvnvexMY gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb †m
wel‡q Avgiv GKwU MÖnY Kwi| Avi Ab¨‡ì †_‡K hv ewY©Z Zv Avgiv MÖnY Ges eR©b Kwi|Ó 258
nv`x‡mi †¶‡Î mb` mnxn nIqvi wel‡q wZwb e‡jb:
ِ َ ‫ أ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺴَﻨ ِﺎد َﻋ ِن اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬ ِ ‫ث اﻟﺼ‬
ُ ‫ﺎء اْﻟ َﺤ ِدْﯿ‬
ُ‫َﺨ ْذَﻨﺎ ﺒِﻪ َوﻟَ ْم َﻨ ْﻌ ُدﻩ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺤ ْﯿ ُﺢ‬ َ ‫إِ َذا َﺠ‬
ÔÔivm~jyjvn () †_‡K mnxn mb‡` nv`xm cvIqv †M‡j Zuvi Dc‡iB Avgiv wbf©i Kie, Zvi evB‡i hve bv|ÕÕ 259
Avgiv †`Le †h, G MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb:
‫ق َﻛﺎﺌِ ٌن‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺤْﯿ َﺤﺔُ َﺤ ﱞ‬
‫ت ﺒِ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﺨَﺒ ُﺎر ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻤﺎ َوَرَد‬ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫َو َﺴﺎﺌ ُر َﻋﻼَ َﻤﺎت َﯿ ْوِم اْﻟﻘَﯿ‬
ÒwKqvg‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ mKj c~e©vfvm, hv mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Zv meB mZ¨ Ges NU‡eB|Ó 260
Bgvg Avhg Lye ¯úó K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, AvKx`vi wfwË KziAvb, mybœvn I mvnvexM‡Yi gZ| cieZ©x hy‡Mi bZzb
welq¸‡jv weÀvZ| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﺄﻤﺎ‬.‫ وﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﻪ أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻔرق اﻟﻨﺎس‬،- ‫ ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺴﻠم‬-‫ ودﻋﺎ إﻟﯿﻪ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬،‫ﻤﺎ اﻷﻤر إﻻ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء ﺒﻪ اﻟﻘرآن‬
.‫ﻤﺤدث‬
َ ‫ﻓﻤﺒﺘدع‬
َ ‫ﻤﺎ ﺴوى ذﻟك‬
Òwelq †Zv ïay ZvB hv KziAvb wb‡q G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyjøvn  hvi `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb Ges gvbyl‡ì `j-wdiKvq wef³
nIqvi Av‡M Zuvi mvnvexMY hvi Dc‡i wQ‡jb| G¸‡jv Qvov hv wKQz Av‡Q meB be-D™¢vweZ weÀvZ|Ó 261
G wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn), Bgvg Ave~ BDm~d (ivn) I Bgvg gynv¤§v‡ì (ivn) gZ I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj
RvgvÔAv‡Zi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ Rvdvi Zvnvex (321 wn) e‡jb:
‫اﻟﺼ ِﺤْﯿ ِﺢ َﻋ ْن َر ُﺴ ْو ِل‬
‫ﺎء ِﻓ ْﻲ َذﻟِ َك ِﻤ َن اْﻟ َﺤِد ْﯿ ِث ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺎن َﺤ ﱞ‬
َ ‫ َو ُﻛل َﻤﺎ َﺠ‬... .‫ق‬ َ ‫ ﻤ َن اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْرِع َو‬ ‫ﺼ ﱠﺢ َﻋ ْن َر ُﺴ ْو ِل اﷲ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺒَﯿ‬ َ ‫َو َﺠﻤ ْﯿﻊُ َﻤﺎ‬
...‫ﺎل‬ ِ
َ َ‫ ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻗ‬ ‫اﷲ‬
Òkiqx wewaweavb Ges Cgvb-AvKx`v welqK eY©bvq ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K hv wKQz mnxnfv‡e ewY©Z meB mZ¨| ... G mKj
wel‡q ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K mnxn nv`x‡m hv wKQz ewY©Z n‡q‡Q meB wZwb †hiƒc e‡j‡Qb †miƒcB wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó262
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, `x‡bi mKj wel‡qi b¨vq AvKx`vi †¶‡ÎI g~j wfwË n‡jv KziAvb Kvixg, mnxn nv`xm Ges
Gici mvnvexM‡Yi gZ| AvKx`v I wdK‡ni †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ n‡jv, wdK‡ni †¶‡Î BRwZnv`, wKqvm, hyw³ ev AvKjx
`jx‡ji cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ AvKx`vi †¶‡Î Gi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| G‡¶‡Î KziAvb, mybœvn I mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiYB
GKgvÎ KiYxq| KviY wdK‡ni welqe¯‘ cwieZ©bkxj| ivm~jyjvn () ev mvnvexM‡Yi hy‡M wQj bv Ggb †Kv‡bv bZzb wel‡q
wdKnx gZ Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AvKx`vi welqe¯‘ gnvb Avjvni mËv, ¸Yvewj, bex-ivm~jMY... BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv
AcwieZ©bxq| G‡¶‡Î gywg‡bi GKgvÎ `vwqZ¡ ivm~jyjvn () I mvnvexM‡Yi AvKx`v Rvbv I gvbv| G wel‡q Bgvg Ave~
BDm~d e‡jb:
‫ َﻓﻘَ ْد‬...ُ‫ ﻓَﺎﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َوﺘَ َﻘ ﱠد َس ﻻَ ِﺸ ْﺒﻪَ ﻟَﻪُ َوﻻَ ِﻤ ْﺜ َل ﻟَﻪ‬،‫ﺎس َﯿ ُﻛ ْو ُن ِﻓ ْﻲ َﺸ ْﻲ ٍء ﻟَﻪُ ِﺸ ْﺒﻪٌ َو ِﻤ ْﺜ ٌل‬ ِ ‫ ﻷ ﱠ‬....‫ﺎس‬
َ ‫َن اْﻟﻘَﯿ‬ ِ ‫ﻟَْﯿ َس اﻟﺘﱠْو ِﺤ ْﯿ ُد ﺒِﺎْﻟ ِﻘَﯿ‬
ِِ ِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُ‫ﺎن ﺒِ َْأرﯿِﻪ َوِﻗَﯿﺎﺴﻪ َو َﻫ َواﻩ‬ ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ِ ‫ﺎء‬ ُ ‫ﺎس اﻟﺘﱠْوﺤْﯿد َو ْاﺒﺘ َﻐ‬ ْ ‫َﻤ َر َك اﷲُ َﻋ ﱠز َو َﺠ ﱠل أ‬
ُ ‫َن ﺘَ ُﻛ ْو َن ﺘَﺎﺒِﻌﺎً َﺴﺎﻤﻌﺎً ُﻤط ْﯿﻌﺎً َوﻟَ ْو ُﯿ َو ﱠﺴﻊُ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻷُ ﱠﻤﺔ اْﻟﺘ َﻤ‬ َ‫أ‬
.‫ض َو َﻤ ْن ِﻓﯿ ِﻬ ﱠن( ﻓَﺎ ْﻓ َﻬ ْم َﻤﺎ ﻓُﺴ َﱢر ﺒِ ِﻪ َذﻟِ َك‬ ِ ِ ‫ أَﻟَم ﺘَﺴﻤﻊ ِإﻟَﻰ ﻗَو ِل‬،‫إِ َذن ﻟَﻀﻠﱡوا‬
‫ )وﻟَ ِو اﺘﱠَﺒ َﻊ اْﻟ َﺤ ﱡ‬:‫اﷲ‬
ُ ‫ات َواﻷ َْر‬
ُ ‫ﱠﻤ َو‬َ ‫اء ُﻫ ْم ﻟَﻔَ َﺴ َدت اﻟﺴ‬
َ ‫َﻫ َو‬
ْ‫ق أ‬ َ ْ ْ َْ ْ َ ْ
ÒZvInx` ev AvKx`v wKqvm Øviv †kLv hvq bv| .... KviY wKqvm †Zv P‡j Ggb wel‡q hvi Zzjbv I bgybv Av‡Q| Avi
gnvb gnvcweÎ Avjvni †Zv †Kv‡bv ZzjbvI †bB Ges bgybvI †bB| gnvb Avjvn †Zvgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb †h Zzwg AbymiY
Ki‡e, ïb‡e I AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e| hw` D¤§vZ‡K ZvInx` mÜvb I Cgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wbR¯^ gZ, wKqvm I cQ‡›ì my‡hvM
†Ìqv nq Z‡e mevB weåvš— n‡q hv‡e| Zzwg wK ïb wb? gnvb Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: ÔmZ¨ hw` G‡ì gZvgZ-cQ‡›ì AbyMZ
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n‡Zv Z‡e wek„•Lj n‡q coZ AvKvkgÊjx, c„w_ex Ges GZ`yf‡qi gaëZ©x mKj wKQz|Õ 263 Kv‡RB G Avqv‡Zi
Zvdmxi fvj K‡i ü`q½g Ki|Ó 264
e¯‘Z wKqvm, BRwZnv`, AvwjgM‡Yi gZ, hyw³ BZ¨vwì †¶Î Bjgyj wdKn| MvBe ev AvKx`vi †¶‡Î KziAvb I mybœvni
wb‡`©kbv‡K Av¶wiKfv‡e wek¦vm KivB wbivcËvi GKgvÎ c_| wb‡Ri cQ›`, eyw× ev A‡bï g‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i Inxi
e³‡eï mnR A_©‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i Nyiv‡bv weåvwš—i ìRv Ly‡j †`q| cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv †`Le †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Giƒc
e¨vL¨vi K‡Vvi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| mKj †¶‡Î KziAv‡bi e³‡eï ¯^vfvweK Av¶wiK A_© MÖnY Ki‡Z I e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Av¶wiK
A_© evwZj Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Bgvg-Îq I Avnjym mybœv‡Zi g~jbxwZ D‡jL K‡i Bgvg Zvnvex e‡jb:
. ‫ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ َﻤﺎ َﺴﻠِ َم ِﻓﻲ ِدﯿﻨِ ِﻪ إِﻻ َﻤ ْن َﺴﻠﱠ َم ِﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َﻋ ﱠز َو َﺠ ﱠل َوﻟِ َر ُﺴوﻟِ ِﻪ‬، ‫َﻫ َواﺌَِﻨﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﯿن ﺒِﺄ‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ َوﻻ ُﻤﺘََوﻫﱢﻤ‬،‫ﯿن ﺒِ َﺂراﺌَﻨﺎ‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫ﻻ َﻨ ْد ُﺨ ُل ﻓﻲ َذﻟ َك ُﻤﺘَﺄ ﱢَوِﻟ‬
ÒAvgiv Avgv‡ì ivq, gZ ev BRwZnv` w`‡q e¨vL¨v K‡i ev Avgv‡ì cQ›`-AcQ‡›ì Dci wbf©i K‡i G wel‡q
cÖ‡ek Kwi bv| KviY `x‡bi welq gnvb Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji () Dci cwic~Y©fv‡e b¨¯— bv Kiv ch©š— †KDB wb‡Ri
`xb‡K wbivc` Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó 265
G cÖm‡½ †gvjv Avjx Kvix nvbvdx ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨vq e‡jb: ÒAvgv‡ì ieŸ gnvb Avjvn
Avgv‡ì‡K ZvInx` ev `x‡bi wfwËi wel‡q Agy‡Ki gZ, Zgy‡Ki Abyf~wZ, Kv‡iv cQ›` ev Kv‡iv Av‡eM-wPš—vi gyLv‡c¶x
K‡ib wb| (G wel‡q KziAvb-mybœvni evB‡i †Kv‡bv wKQziB cÖ‡qvRb Avgv‡ì †bB|) GRb¨ Avgiv †`wL †h, hviv KziAvb I
mybœvn-Gi e¨wZµg K‡i‡Qb Zviv gZ‡f` I wØavi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡q‡Qb| Avjvn e‡j‡Qb:
‫ﻼم ِد ًﯿﻨﺎ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﯿت ﻟَ ُﻛ ُم اﻹ ْﺴ‬
ُ ‫ﻀ‬
ِ ‫ت ﻋﻠَْﯿ ُﻛم ﻨِﻌﻤﺘِﻲ ور‬ ِ
َ َ َ ْ ْ َ ُ ‫ت ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم د َﯿﻨ ُﻛ ْم َوأَﺘْ َﻤ ْﻤ‬
ُ ‫اْﻟَﯿ ْوَم أَ ْﻛ َﻤْﻠ‬
ÒAvR †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì `xb c~Y© Kijvg, †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn m¤ú~Y© Kijvg Ges Bmjvg‡K
†Zvgv‡ì `xb g‡bvbxZ Kijvg|ÕÕ 266
Kv‡RB `xb‡K c~Y© Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì KziAvb I mybœvni evB‡i Avi †Kv‡bv wKQziB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avi Avjvn
e‡j‡Qb:
‫ﺎب ُﯿ ْﺘﻠَﻰ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ ِ ِ
َ َ‫أ ََوَﻟ ْم َﯿ ْﻛﻔ ِﻬ ْم أَﱠﻨﺎ أَْﻨ َزْﻟَﻨﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿ َك اْﻟﻛﺘ‬
ÒZv‡ì Rb¨ wK G-B h‡_ó bq †h, Avwg †Zvgvi Dci wKZve bvwhj K‡iwQ hv Zv‡ì Dci cwVZ nq?Ó 267
Avjvn Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb 268:
‫اﻟر ُﺴو ُل َﻓ ُﺨ ُذوﻩُ َو َﻤﺎ َﻨﻬَﺎ ُﻛ ْم َﻋ ْﻨﻪُ ﻓَ ْﺎﻨﺘَﻬُوا‬
‫َو َﻤﺎ آَﺘَﺎ ُﻛ ُم ﱠ‬
ÔÔivm~j †Zvgv‡ì‡K hv w`‡q‡Qb †Zvgiv Zv MÖnY K‡iv, Avi wZwb hv wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Zv †_‡K †Zvgiv weiZ
269
_vK|ÕÕ
Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Bgvg Zvnvex e‡j‡Qb: ÒkixqZ I e¨vL¨vq ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K mnxnfv‡e hv wKQz ewY©Z n‡q‡Q meB
mZ¨|Ó270 Bgvg Zvnvexi G K_vi e¨vL¨vq Avjvgv Beb Avwej Bh&h nvbvdx e‡jb: ÒcÖ‡Z¨K weÀvZx wdiKvi g~jbxwZ GB †h,
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K Zviv Zv‡ì weÀv‡Zi gvb`‡Ê A_ev hv‡K Zviv ÔAvKjxÕ ev Ôeyw×e„wËK `wjjÕ I Ôhyw³Õ e‡j Kíbv
K‡i Zvi gvb`‡Ê wePvi K‡i| hw` KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ Zv‡ì weÀvZ ev Ôhyw³Õi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq Z‡e Zviv †m e³e¨wU‡K
ÔgynKvgÕ ev Ø¨_©nxb I my¯úó e‡j `vwe K‡i, Zv MÖnY K‡i Ges Zv‡K `jxj wn‡m‡e †ck K‡i| Avi KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †h e³e¨
Zv‡ì weÀvZ ev Ôhyw³Õ-i mv‡_ bv wg‡j †m e³e¨‡K Zviv ÔgyZvkvwenÕ ev Ø¨_©‡evaK I A¯úó e‡j D‡jL K‡i Ges Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i| ... A_ev Zviv G e³‡eï A_© weK…Z K‡i Ges Giƒc weK…wZ‡K Zviv Ôe¨vL¨vÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| GRb¨B Avnjym mybœvZ
Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ KwVbfv‡e Zv‡ì G mKj K‡g©i cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| Avnjym mybœv‡Zi ixwZ GB †h, †Kv‡bv fv‡eB Zuviv KziAvb ev
mnxn nv`x‡mi †Kv‡bv e³e¨ cwiZ¨vM K‡ib bv ev Zvi evB‡i hvb bv| KziAvb ev mnxn nv`x‡mi gyKvwejvq †Kv‡bv ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ
ev †Kv‡bv e¨w³i e³e¨ Zuviv †ck K‡ib bv| Bgvg Zvnvex G welqwUi w`‡KB Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|Ó 271
2. 8. AvKx`vi Drm: msw¶ß †iLvwPÎ
GLv‡b AvKx`vi Drm wel‡q mvnvexMY I Zuv‡ì Abymvix Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ Ges cvkvcvwk
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kxqv-ivwdhx, LvwiRx, gyZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ weåvš— †Mvôxi g~jbxwZ D‡jL Kiv n‡jv:
mvnvexMY I Avnjym mybœvn weåvš— m¤cÖ`vq
1 KziAvb-nv`xm ev Inxi evB‡i AvKx`vi AvKx`vi Ab¨vb¨ wbwðZ Drm Av‡Q:
Ávb ev wek¦v‡mi †Kv‡bv wbwðZ Drm Bjnvg, BjKv, Kvkd, Bjg jv`ybœx,
†bB| `k©b, eyw×e„wËK hyw³ BZ¨vw`|
2 Inxi mij A_©B Inx| Gi e¨vL¨vq gvbexq Zvdmxi-e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gh©v`v
Avwjg‡ì gZvgZ gvbexq Ávb-cÖm~Z cÖ`vb Ges Zvdmx‡ii bv‡g Inxi my¯úó
K_v, Zv Inxi mgZzj¨ bq| A_© cwiZ¨vM|
3 nv`xm AvKx`vi Drm I wfwË| nv`x‡mi ¸i“Z¡ A¯^xKvi ev Aeg~j¨vqb|
4 hvPvB c~e©K ïay weï× nv`xm MÖnY| hvPvB Qvov cQ›`gZ nv`xm MÖnY|
5 KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ mywbwðZ; `k©b- `k©b-hyw³i cÖgvY mywbwðZ; KziAvb-
hyw³i cÖgv‡Y AwbðqZv Av‡Q| `k©b I nv`x‡mi e³e¨ A¯úó I e¨vL¨v mv‡c¶|
hyw³‡K KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ w`‡q KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ `k©b I hyw³
hvPvB Ki‡Z n‡e| w`‡q hvPvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
6 Awbf©i‡hvM¨ I Rvj nv`xm eR©b| Rvj nv`xm ˆZwi ev MÖnY|
7 ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ ev `vk©wbK hyw³‡K Inx Øviv Inx‡K ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ w`‡q wePvi K‡i
hvPvB K‡i MÖnY ev eR©b| MÖnY ev eR©b Kiv|
8 ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi c‡i Kv‡iv wbf©yjZv cieZ©x A‡b‡KB fz‡ji E‡aŸ© | Zv‡ì fyj
ev Aåvš—Zv †bB| mK‡ji gZvgZ Inx n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡ì g‡Zi Av‡jv‡K
w`‡q hvPvB K‡i MÖnY-eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| KziAvb-nv`xm MÖnY ev e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|
9 Inx Abyave‡b mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiY| mvnvexM‡Yi ¸i“Z¡ A¯^xKvi|
10 ivm~jyjvn () ev mvnvexMY hv e‡jb wb ev cieZ©x hy‡Mi e¨w³e‡M©i gZ I Kg©‡K
K‡ib wb Zv‡K `x‡bi Ask bv evbv‡bv| `x‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask evbv‡bv|
11 D¤§‡Zi- we‡klZ mvnvexM‡Yi- BRgv ev ïay ¯^c‡¶i AvwjgM‡Yi HKgZ¨‡K ¸i“Z¡
HKgZ¨‡K ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv| †Ìqv ev BRgv e‡j `vwe Kiv|
3. Avjvni we‡klY †Kw›`ªK weåvwš—
cÖ_g wnRix kZ‡Ki †kl †_‡K gymwjg mgv‡R Bn~`x, L„÷vb, cviwkqvb I wn›`y ag©ZË¡ I `k©‡bi AbycÖ‡ek N‡U|
G¸‡jvi cÖfv‡e G mKj ag© †_‡K AvMZ gymwjgMY Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK gymwjg Avjvni ¸Yvewj A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡ib Ges A‡b‡K gnvb Avjvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| G mg‡q gymwjg mgv‡R G wel‡q wb‡gœi wZbwU
gZ we`¨gvb wQj:
(1) gnvb Avjvni we‡kl‡Yi gvbexqKi‡Yi gZev`
(2) gnvb Avjvni we‡klY A¯^xKvi Kivi gZev`
(3) mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I g~javivi e¨vL¨vgy³ ¯^xK…wZi gZev`
3. 1. ZzjbvKvix gykvweŸnv-gyRvm&wmgv gZev`
gykvweŸnv A_© ZzjbvKvix Ges gyRvm&wmgv A_© †`‡n wek¦vmx| G gZev‡ì AbymvixMY gnvb Avjvni we‡klY I Kg©
gvby‡liB gZ Ges wZwb gvby‡li gZ †`navix e‡j wek¦vm KiZ| mvevBqv, evqvwbq¨v, gyMxwiq¨vn, wnkvwgq¨v BZ¨vw` kxqv
ivwdhx wdiKvi gvby‡liv Giƒc wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| cÖwm× gydvm&wmi Aveyj nvmvb gyKvwZj Beb myjvBgvb evjLx (150 wn) G
g‡Zi cÖPviK wQ‡jb| 272
3. 2. e¨vL¨v I A¯^xKv‡ii Rvngx-gyZvwhjx gZev`
RvÕ` Beb wìnvg (118 wn) bvgK GKRb bZzb cÖR‡b¥i cviwmK gymwjg gnvb Avjvni ¸Yvewj A¯^xKvi K‡i Zuv‡K
Ôwb¸©YÕ e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Zvi QvÎ Rvng Beb mvdIqvb mvgviKv›`x (128 wn)| wZwb G gZwU‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e cÖPvi
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges Gi mv‡_ A‡bK `k©bwfwËK gZev` wZwb cÖPvi K‡ib| Rvn‡gi gZev` wbgœiƒc:
(K) we‡kl‡Yi A¯^xK…wZ| Zvi g‡Z †h mKj we‡klY m„wói †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Zv KL‡bv mªóvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i
bv| Z‡e †h we‡klY¸‡jv Avjvn Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, †m¸wj Zuvi †¶‡Î eënvi Kiv hv‡e, †hgb mªóv,
Rxeb`vZv, g„Zz¨`vZv... BZ¨vw`| Kv‡RB G K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, gnvb Avjvn †`‡Lb, ï‡bb, K_v e‡jb, `qv K‡ib,
†µvavwš^Z nb, wZwb Avi‡ki Dc‡i AwawôZ, Zuvi nvZ, P¶z ev gyLgÊj we`¨gvb, Zuv‡K AvwLiv‡Z †`Lv hv‡e....| KviY G
mKj we‡klY Avjvni †¶‡Î Av‡ivc Ki‡j Zuvi AZzjbxqZ¡ bó nq Ges Zuv‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq|
(L) KziAvb m„ó| Dc‡ii hyw³i wfwË‡ZB wZwb Avjvni K_vi Abvw`Z¡ A¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb| Zvi g‡Z, Avjvni Kvjvg
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Avjvni m„wó| Kv‡RB KL‡bvB ejv hv‡e bv †h Avjvn K_v e‡j‡Qb, eis ej‡Z n‡e †h, Avjvn K_v m„wó K‡i‡Qb|
(M) Avjvn me©¯’v‡b| we‡ivaxiv Zv‡K e‡jb, †Kv‡bv we‡klYB hLb Avjvni †¶‡Î Av‡ivc Kiv hvq bv Zvn‡j Avgiv
wKfv‡e Zuv‡K Abyfe Kie? wZwb e‡jb: Avjvn AvZ¥v ev evZv‡mi gZ, wZwb me©Î weivRgvb| mKj ¯’v‡bB wZwb i‡q‡Qb|
(N) gvwidvZB me| Zvi g‡Z gvwidvZ ev ÁvbB Cgvb Ges RvnvjZ ev AÁZv-B Kzdi| Aš—‡i gvwidvZ ev Ávb G‡m
†M‡j gy‡L ¯^xKv‡ivw³ ev K‡g©i †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K bv| GwU gyiwRqv g‡Zi wfwË|
(O) gvby‡li A¶gZv| wZwb cÖPvi Ki‡Zb †h, gvby‡li †Kv‡bviƒc ¶gZv †bB| Puv`, m~h© BZ¨vw` †hgb B”Qvnxbfv‡e
AveZ©b K‡i, gvbylI †Zgwb B”Qvnxb ¶gZvnxb fv‡e K‡ji cyZz‡ji gZ Pjgvb|
(O) RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœv‡gi wejywß| Zvi g‡Z G¸‡jvi wejywß NU‡e|273
G mg‡qB gyZvwhjx gZev‡ì D™¢e nq| Iqvwmj Beb AvZv Mv¾vj (80-131 wn), Avgi Beb DevB` Beb eve (80-
144 wn) Ges Zv‡ì QvÎMY G g‡Zi cÖwZôv I cÖPvi K‡ib| Rvngx‡ì gZ ZuvivI gnvb Avjvni we‡klY¸‡jv A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì wek¦vm †h, gnvb Avjvni mËvi AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv Abvw`-Abš— we‡klY ev Kg© (attribute) †bB| ïay Zuvi Aw¯—Z¡ I
mËvB Abvw`-Abš—| Zuvi mKj Kg© I we‡klY Zuvi m„wó gvÎ| Zv‡ì g‡Z, Abvw`-Abš— nIqvB gnvb Avjvni g~j we‡klY|
Avjvni †Kv‡bv we‡klY‡K Abvw` wek¦vm Kivi A_© GKvwaK Abvw` mËvq wek¦vm Kiv Ges Avjvni G g~j we‡kl‡Y kixK Kiv|
GQvov Zv‡ì g‡Z KziAv‡b D‡jwLZ AwaKvsk we‡klY Av¶wiK A‡_© MÖnY Ki‡j gnvb Avjvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv
nq| Avi gnvb Avjvn AZzjbxq| GRb¨ G mKj we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v Kiv Ri“ix| gnvb Avjvn‡K Ávb, ¶gZv, kªeY, `k©b BZ¨vw`
†Kv‡bv we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ Kiv hvq bv| G mKj we‡klY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœfv‡e Zviv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| †KD e‡j‡Qb:
Avjvn Ávbx A_© wZwb gyL© bb| †KD e‡j‡Qb: Avjvn Ávbx A_© Zuvi mËvi bvg ev Ask Ávb...|
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, Zv‡ì g‡Z AvKx`vi mZ¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ ÒAvKjÓ (Ávb-eyw×)-B GKgvÎ mywbwðZ c_| AvK‡ji
wb‡`©kbv GKxbx A_©vr mywbwðZ| c¶vš—‡i Inxi wb‡`©kbv hvbœx, A_©vr A¯úóÕ| Inxi wb‡`©kbv hw` AvKj-m¤§Z nq Zvn‡j Zv
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` Zv bv nq Zvn‡j Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì g‡Z AvKj cÖgvY K‡i †h, gnvb Avjvn
ÔwRmgÕ ev †`navix bb| Kv‡RB KziAvb ev nv`x‡m †h mKj we‡klY Zuv‡K †`nwewkó e‡j g‡b Kivq †m¸wj e¨vL¨v Kiv
eva¨Zvg~jK| †hgb gnvb Avjvni n¯—, P¶z, gyLgÊj, K_v ejv, †µva, fvjevmv, Avi‡k mgvmxb nIqv, AvwLiv‡Z Zuvi `k©b,
BZ¨vw` we‡klY| Zv‡ì g‡Z G¸‡jv evwn¨K A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv Kzdi; KviY Giƒc wek¦v‡mi A_©B Avjvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv
Ges Zuv‡K †`n wewkó e‡j wek¦vm Kiv|274
3. 3. Zzjbv-gy³ ¯^xK…wZ: mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZ
G `y cÖvwš—K avivi gv‡S wQ‡jb mvnvexM‡Yi Abymvix gyjavivi Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx AvwjgMY, huviv ÒAvnjym mybœvZ Iqvj
RvgvÔAvZÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G wel‡q Zuv‡ì g~jbxwZ wQj †h, KziAvb I nv`x‡m Avjvni †h mKj we‡klY ev Kg© D‡jL Kiv
n‡q‡Q Zv mewKQz mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv| hyw³ZK© w`‡q G¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ ü`q½‡gi †Póv I G¸‡jv‡K gvbexq we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_
Zzjbv Kiv †hgb wbwl× †Zgwb m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq nIqvi f‡q G¸‡jv A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v KivI wbwl×|
Zuv‡ì g‡Z MvBex wel‡q Ávb AR©‡bi GKgvÎ wbwðZ Drm Inx| G‡¶‡Î ÔAvKjÕ ev gvbexq Ávb-eyw× m¤ú~iK I
mn‡hvMx| Inxi wbwðZ e³e¨ G mKj we‡kl‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Q Ges gvbexq Ávb-eyw× I hyw³‡Z G¸‡jv Aev¯Íe, A‡hŠw³K ev
Am¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB G¸‡jv mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv Avek¨K| e¨vL¨vi bv‡g G¸‡jvi evwn¨K A_© A¯^xKvi Kiv Inx A¯^xKv‡ii
bvgvšÍi| Bgvg Avhg G cwi‡”Q‡` we‡klY wel‡q Avnjym mybœv‡Zi G AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
4. Avjvni we‡klY wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ
4. 1. weåvš—‡ì ¯îƒc D‡b¥vPb
Bgvg Avhg wewfbœ e³‡e¨ gyZvwhjxM‡Yi Bjg Kvjv‡gi fqvenZv, Rvn‡gi e¨vL¨v-ZË¡ Ges gyKvwZ‡ji Zzjbv-ZË¡ wel‡q
mZK© K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Zb:
‫أﺘﺎﻨﺎ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺸرق رأﯿﺎن ﺨﺒﯿﺜﺎن ﺠﻬم ﻤﻌطل وﻤﻘﺎﺘل ﻤﺸﺒﻪ‬
Òc~e© w`K (Bivb-Lyivmvb) †_‡K `ywU AcweÎ †bvsiv gZev` Avgv‡ì wbKU AvMgb K‡i‡Q: (1) gnvb Avjvni
we‡klY¸‡jv AKvh©KiKvix Rvn‡gi gZev` Ges (2) gnvb Avjvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ ZzjbvKvix gyKvwZ‡ji gZev`|Ó 275
wZwb Av‡iv ej‡Zb:
‫ﻟﻌن اﷲ ﻋﻤرو ﺒن ﻋﺒﯿد ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﺒﺎﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻠم اﻟﻛﻼم وﻗﺎﺘل اﷲ ﺠﻬم ﺒن ﺼﻔوان وﻤﻘﺎﺘل ﺒن ﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎن ﻫذا أﻓرط ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﻲ وﻫذا أﻓرط ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﯿﻪ‬
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Contents
ÒAvjvn Awfkß Ki“b (gyZvwhjx gZev‡ì cÖwZôvZv-cÖPviK) Avgi Beb DevB`‡K; KviY †m gvby‡li Rb¨ Bjg
Kvjv‡gi ìRv Ly‡j‡Q; Avjvn aŸsm Ki“b Rvng Beb mvdIqvb‡K I gyKvwZj Beb myjvBgvb‡K; KviY GKRb A¯^xKv‡i
mxgvj•Nb K‡i‡Q Ges Ab¨Rb Zzjbvq mxgvj•Nb K‡i‡Q|Ó 276
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v eY©bv cÖm‡½ cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn mvwq` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb Avng` bvBmvc~ix (343-432 wn)
e‡jb, Rviƒ` Beb Bqvhx` e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻪ‬:‫ ﻗﺎل‬،‫اﻟﺘﻨزﯿل‬
ْ ‫ وﻏﻀب ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻻ ﺸﻲء‬:‫ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﺎل‬،‫ ﻨﻔﻰ ﺠﻬم‬:‫ ﯿﻘول‬-‫ رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬-‫ﺴﻤﻌت أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
 ‫ورِوي ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬
ُ ،‫ أﻨﺎ أﻗول ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ْﺘﻨزﯿﻠﻪ‬:‫ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘول أﻨت رﺤﻤك اﷲ؟ ﻗﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺠﺎرود‬
ÒAvwg Ave~ nvbxdv (iv)-‡K ej‡Z ïbjvg: Rvng (gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY) Ggbfv‡e A¯^xKvi Kij †h, †m ejj:
(gnvb Avjøvn) wKQzB bb| Avi †m KziAv‡bi Dc‡iI wei³-†µvavwš^Z| Rviƒ` e‡jb, Avwg ejjvg: Avjøvn Avcbv‡K ing
Kiæb, Avcbvi gZ Kx? wZwb e‡jb: Avwg ZvB ewj hv gnvb Avjøvn KziAv‡b e‡j‡Qb Ges ivm~jyjøvn () †_‡K ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q|Ó 277
4. 2. Avjvni ¸Yvewji Aw¯—Z¡ I AZzjbxqZ¡
G cwi‡”Q‡ì ïiæ‡Z D×…Z ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi e³‡e¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb:
ÒZuvi m„wói g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| wZwb Zuvi m„wói †Kv‡bv wKQzi gZ bb| wZwb Abvw` Kvj †_‡K Abš—
Kvj we`¨gvb i‡q‡Qb Zuvi bvgmg~n Ges Zuvi hvZx (mËxq) I wdÕjx (Kg©xq) wmdvZmg~n-mn|
gykvweŸnv m¤cÖ`v‡qi g~j weåvwš— wQj gnvb Avjvni we‡klY¸‡jv kãMZfv‡e gvbexq ev m„wóRM‡Zi we‡kl‡Yi gZ
cÖZxqgvb nIqvq Zuv‡K m„wói gZ Ges Zuvi ¸Yvewj‡K m„wói gZ e‡j `vwe Kiv| Gfv‡e Zviv gnvb Avjvni we‡klY¸‡jv wek¦vm
Kivi bv‡g Zuvi ÔAZzbxqZ¡Õ Awek¦vm K‡i‡Q| Acic‡¶ Rvnwgqv-gyZvwhjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi g~j weåvwš— wQj m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq nIqvi
ARynv‡Z Avjvni we‡klY e¨vL¨vi bv‡g A¯^xKvi Kiv| Zv‡ì g‡Z gnvb Avjvni †Kv‡bv we‡klY ¯^xKvi Kivi A_©B Zuv‡K m„wói
mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv| Ávb, ¶gZv, K_v, kªeY, `k©b, n¯—, gyLgÊj, P¶z BZ¨vwì AwaKvix nIqv, Avi‡k mgvmxb nIqv BZ¨vw` meB
gvbexq ev m„óRM‡Zi we‡klY| gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ m„wó‡K G mKj we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ Kiv hvq| gnvb Avjvni Giƒc we‡klY Av‡Q
e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡j Zuv‡K Zuvi m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq| †h‡nZz Avjvn e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bqÓ †m‡nZz
Avjvni †¶‡Î Giƒc we‡klY Av‡ivc Kiv hv‡e bv| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †Kv‡bv K_v Øviv Giƒc we‡klY eySv †M‡j Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
n‡e| Gfv‡e Zviv ÒAZzjbxqZ¡Ó cÖgv‡Yi bv‡g we‡klY¸‡jv A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q|
c¶vš—‡i mvnvexMY Ges g~javivi Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxM‡Yi g~jbxwZ wQj KziAvb I nv`x‡m gnvb Avjvni hZ we‡klY
I K‡g©i K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv meB mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv| m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbvi ARynv‡Z Avjvni †Kv‡bv we‡klY e¨vL¨v ev
A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv| eis we‡klY‡K mij A‡_© wek¦vm K‡i Zzjbv‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avjvn e‡j‡Qb †h, †Kv‡bv wKQzB
Zuvi Zzjbxq bq| Avevi wZwbB m„wói †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ G mKj we‡klY Zuvi wb‡Ri †¶‡Î D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ Avjvni
AZzjbxqZ¡ I Zuvi we‡klY Dfq‡K mgvbfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv|
gykvweŸnv I Rvngx-gyZvwhjx‡ì wek¦vm `x‡bi g‡a¨ D™¢vweZ ÔweÀvZÕ I KziAvb-nv`x‡mi my¯úó wb‡`©kbvi wecixZ|
mvnvex-ZvweqxMY KL‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡klY‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡ib wb Ges Zzjbvi ARynv‡Z †Kv‡bv we‡klY‡K e¨vL¨v K‡ib wb|
KL‡bv wRÁvwmZ n‡j Giƒc e¨vL¨vi K‡Vvi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb|
G mKj ÔweÀvZÕ †_‡K D¤§vZ‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Avjvni wmdvZ (we‡klY) welqK g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Dc‡ii e³e¨ †_‡K Avgiv RvbwQ †h, Avjvni we‡kl‡Yi ÔAZzjbxqZ¡Õ I ÔAw¯—Z¡Õ mgvbfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡Z
n‡e| Dfq welq‡K †g‡b †bIqv ÔAvKjÕ ev Ávb-eyw× I hyw³i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv welqwU cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv
e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb|
4. 3. Avjvni hvZx I wdÕjx we‡klY
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb: ÒwZwb Abvw` Kvj †_‡K Abš— Kvj we`¨gvb Zuvi bvgmg~n Ges Zuvi hvZx (mËxq) I
wdÕjx (Kg©xq) wmdvZmg~n (we‡klYmg~n)-mn| Zuvi mËxq we‡klYmg~n: nvqvZ (Rxeb), KzìvZ (¶gZv), Bjg (Ávb), Kvjvg
(K_v), mvgÕ (kªeY), evmvi (`k©b) I Biv`v (B”Qv)| Avi Zuvi wdÕjx wmdvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: m„wó Kiv, wih&K cÖ`vb Kiv,
bem„wó Kiv, D™¢veb Kiv, ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©g~jK wmdvZ ev we‡klY|Ó
KziAvb-nv`x‡m ewY©Z gnvb Avjøvni we‡klYmg~n ü`q½g Kivi Rb¨ cieZ©x AvwjgMY wewfbœfv‡e G¸‡jv‡K fvM
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K‡i‡Qb| Avnjym mybœv‡Zi AvwjgMY G¸‡jv‡K `y fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb: ÔhvZxÕ I ÔwdÕjxÕ| AvaywbK M‡elKMY wbwðZ
K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvB me©cÖ_g G †kªYx web¨vm K‡ib|278
ÔhvZÕ (‫ )اﻟذات‬kãwUi A_© self: mËv, ¯^Kxq e¨w³Z¡, Ans BZ¨vw`| ÔhvZx wmdvZÕ A_© mËxq we‡klY| gnvb Avjvni †h
mKj wmdvZ ev we‡klY Zuvi mËvi mv‡_ Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e I wPiš—biƒ‡c we`¨gvb †m¸wj‡K hvZx wmdvZ ev mËvMZ we‡klY
(Attributes of essence) ejv nq| ÔwdÕj (‫ )اﻟﻔﻌل‬kãwUi A_© wµqv ev Kg© (action, work, performance, doing)| wdÕjx
wmdvZ A_© Kg©xq we‡klY ev Kg©MZ we‡klY| gnvb Avjvni †h mKj wmdvZ ev we‡klY Zuvi B”Qvq K‡g© cwiYZ nq †m¸wj
wdÕjx wmdvZ ev Kg©MZ we‡klY| 279
P278F P
Bgvg Avhg GLv‡b 7wU hvZx wmdvZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb: (1) nvqvZ (Rxeb), (2) KzìvZ (¶gZv), (3) Bjg (Ávb), (4)
Kvjvg (K_v), (5) mvgÕ (kªeY), (6) evmvi (`k©b) I (7) Biv`v (B”Qv)| Avgiv †`Le †h, wZwb Zuvi ÔAvj- wdKûj AvKeviÕ I
ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ MÖ‡š’ Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj hvZx wmdvZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †m¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: (8) DjyI (‫ )اﻟﻌﻠو‬A_©vr EaŸ©Z¡ ev
D‡×© Ae¯’vb, (9) Bqv` (‫)اﻟﯿد‬: n¯—, (10) Avj-IqvRn (‫)اﻟوﺠﻪ‬: gyLgÊj I (11) bvdm (‫)اﻟﻨﻔس‬: mËv|
Bgvg Avhg GLv‡b 5wU wdÕjx wmdvZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb: (1) m„wó Kiv, (2) wih&K cÖ`vb Kiv, (3) bem„wó Kiv, (4) D™¢veb
Kiv I (5) ˆZwi Kiv| cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`Le †h, wZwb Zuvi wewfbœ eB‡q Av‡iv †h mKj wdÕjx wmdvZ D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb †m¸wji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: (6) BmwZIqv (‫ )اﻻﺴﺘواء‬ev Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ nIqv, (7) byh~j (‫ )اﻟﻨزول‬ev AeZiY Kiv, (8)
Mv`ve (‫ )اﻟﻐﻀب‬ev †µva, (9) wi`v (‫ )اﻟرﻀﺎ‬mš‘wó, (10) gneŸZ (‫ )اﻟﻤﺤﺒﺔ‬fvjevmv, BZ¨vw`| cieZx©‡Z Avgiv G mKj wmdvZ we¯—
vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
Avgiv mn‡RB hvZx (mËxq) I wdÕjx (Kg©xq) we‡kl‡Yi cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z cvwi| Kg©xq we‡klY¸‡jv gnvb Avjvni
B”Qvaxb| wZwb hLb B”Qv m„wó K‡ib, wihK †`b, Avi‡k AwawôZ nb, AeZiY K‡ib, †µvavwš^Z nb, mš‘ó nb ev
fvjev‡mb| G¸‡jv we‡klY wn‡m‡e Abvw` I wPiš—b, wKš‘ Zuvi B”Qvq K‡g© cwiYZ nq bZzbfv‡e| G¸‡jv Zuvi cweÎ mËv
†_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡Z cv‡i| wZwb KL‡bv †µvavwš^Z n‡Z cv‡ib Ges KL‡bv †µvagy³ _vK‡Z cv‡ib|
c¶vš—‡i hvZx ev mËxq we‡klY Z`ªƒc bq| G¸wj KL‡bvB Zuvi cweÎ mËv †_‡K wew”Qbœ nq bv| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h,
gnvb Avjvn hLb B”Qv †µvavwš^Z nb Ges hLb B”Qv †µva wenxb _v‡Kb| wKš‘ Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi bv †h, wZwb hLb B”Qv
¶gZvevb nb Ges hLb B”Qv ¶gZvnxb nb| mKj we‡klYB Giƒc|
wKQz we‡klY ÔhvZxÓ (mËxq) Ges ÔwdÕjxÕ (Kg©xq) n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb gnvb Avjvni Kvjvg ev K_vi we‡klY|
4. 4. Avjvni we‡klY Abvw`, wPiš—b I Am„ó
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡jb: ÒwZwb Zuvi ¸Yvewj Ges bvgmg~n-mn Abvw`-iƒ‡c we`¨gvb| Zuvi bvg I
we‡kl‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡ ev cwieZ©b N‡U wb| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi Áv‡b Ávbx Ges Ávb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB
Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB ¶gZvevb Ges ¶gZv Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi
K_vq K_v e‡jb Ges K_v Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB m„wóKZ©v Ges m„wó Kiv Abvw`Kvj
†_‡KB Zuvi we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi K‡g© Kg©x, Kg© Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Zuvi we‡klY| Avjvn Zuvi Kg© w`‡q hv
m„wó K‡ib Zv m„ó, Z‡e Avjvni Kg© m„ó bq| Zuvi wmdvZ ev we‡klYvewj Abvw`| †Kv‡bv we‡klYB bZzb ev m„ó bq| †h
e¨w³ e‡j †h, Avjvni †Kv‡bv wmdvZ ev we‡klY m„ó A_ev bZzb, A_ev G wel‡q †m wKQy ej‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i, A_ev G
wel‡q †m m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i, Z‡e †m Avjvni cÖwZ Cgvbwenxb Kvwdi|Ó
KziAvb-nv`x‡m D‡jLK…Z Avjvni mKj we‡klY mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kivi Av‡iKwU w`K G¸‡jvi Abvw`‡Z¡ wek¦vm
Kiv| mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I g~javivi gymwjgMY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, Avjvn Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi mKj we‡kl‡Y we‡klvwqZ|
wZwb mKj we‡klYmnB Abvw` I wPiš—b| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB Zuvi mKj bvg I we‡klY wb‡q we`¨gvb, Z‡e Zuvi bvg I
¸Yvewj m„wói Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q cieZ©x mg‡q|
c¶vš—‡i gyZvwhjx I RvngxMY †h‡nZz gnvb Avjvni mËvi AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv Abvw`-Abš— ev wPiš—b ¸Y Av‡Q e‡j ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Zb bv †m‡nZz Zviv `vwe Ki‡Zb †h, gnvb Avjvni †h mKj we‡klY KziAvb-nv`x‡m D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸wj g~jZ Zuvi m„ó
ÔgvLj~KÕ gvÎ, Zuvi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv wPiš—b we‡klY bq| Abvw`Kv‡j Zuvi †Kv‡bv Ôwe‡klYÕ wQj bv| hLb wZwb m„wó Ki‡jb ZLb
Zuvi Rb¨ Ôm„wóKZ©vÕ bvgK we‡klYwU Rb¥ wbj| Ôm„wóKZ©vÕ bvgwU ZLb †_‡K Zuvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| G bvgwU ZuviB GKwU m„wó gvÎ|
ÔK_v ejvÕ Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Zuvi Ôwe‡klYÕ bq; Abvw`Kv‡j wZwb Ôwb¸©YÕ wQ‡jb| wZwb hLb kªe‡Yi gZ cÖvYx m„wó Ki‡jb ZLb
wZwb K_v m„wó Ki‡jb Ges Zuvi K_v Zviv ïb‡jv| K_v Zuvi we‡klY bq, Zuvi m„wó gvÎ| Zuvi mKj we‡klYB Zuviv Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v
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K‡ib| Zviv `vwe K‡ib †h, gnvb Avjvni †Kv‡bv Abvw` wPiš—b we‡klY †bB; Zuvi bvg I we‡klY¸‡jv cieZ©xKv‡j m„ó|
Zv‡ì Giƒc wek¦v‡mi GKwU eo KviY wQj MÖxK `k©bwfwËK L„÷ag©xq wek¦vm| gnvb Avjvn Cmv (Av)Ñ‡K Zuvi ÔevK¨Õ
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb; KviY wcZvgvZvi gva¨‡g cÖvK…wZK ev ¯^vfvweK fv‡e Zuv‡K m„wó bv K‡i wZwb Zuv‡K ÔKzbÕ ev ÔnIÕ
evK¨ Øviv m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ L„÷vbMY `vwe K‡ib †h, Avjvni ÔKvwjgvÕ A_©vr K_v ev evK¨ †h‡nZz Zuvi Abvw` we‡klY,
†m‡nZz Cmv (Av) Avjvni gZB Abvw` I wPiš—b| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Avjvni mv‡_ weivRgvb wQ‡jb Ges gvbe iƒc
aviY K‡i ev gvbe iƒ‡ci mv‡_ wgwkªZ n‡q c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡ib| gymwjgMY hLb MÖxK `k©b Aa¨qb ïi“ K‡ib Zvi
Av‡MB L„÷vb cwÊZMY Zv‡ì G D™¢U AvKx`v theory of Logos ev ÔevK¨ZË¡Õ bv‡g MÖxK `k©‡bi mv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡i‡Qb|
gyZvwhjx cwÊZMY gnvb Avjvni mv‡_ wki‡Ki G c_ eÜ Kivi Rb¨ `vk©wbK hyw³ZK© w`‡qB cÖgvY Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡jb †h,
gnvb Avjvni †Kv‡bv we‡klYB Abvw` ev wPiš—b bq, eis meB Zuvi m„wó|
Zuv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ hZB gnr †nvK, ev¯—‡e Zviv mwVK c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z nb| Zviv Bmjvgx wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ GKwU ÔweÀvZÕ
ev be-D™¢vweZ wek¦v‡mi AbycÖ‡ek NUvb hv KziAvb, nv`xm I mvnvexM‡Yi wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ wQj bv| m‡e©vcwi Giƒc wek¦vm
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi my¯úó wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| gnvb Avjvni we‡klY‡K m„ó e‡j `vwe Kivi A_© Zuvi Abvw`-Abš— I
wPiš—b c~Y©Zv‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv| gnvb Avjvn Zuvi mKj we‡klY I Kg©mn Abvw` I wPiš—b| Avi wZwb Zuvi we‡klY ev K‡g©i
Øviv hv m„wó K‡ib Zv m„ó| Kv‡RB gnvb Avjvni ÔKvwjgvÕ ev evK¨ Abvw` n‡jI evK¨ Øviv m„ó Cmv (Av) Abvw` bb|
welqwU Gfv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡jB gnvb Avjvni wPiš—b c~Y©Zv cÖwZôvi cvkvcvwk GKvwaK Abvw` mËvq wek¦v‡mi wkiK
Ac‡bv`b nq|
jÿYxq †h, MÖxK `k©‡bi AbycÖ‡ekB L„÷ag©‡K weK…Z K‡i| mvay c‡ji D™¢vweZ `k©bwfwËK G AvKx`v ev` w`‡q hw`
L„÷vbMY cÖPwjZ Pvi BwÄ‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb gnvb Avjøvni e³e¨ I Cmv gvmx‡ni e³‡eï Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©b Ki‡Zb Z‡e ZvivI
G mKj wkiK †_‡K iÿv †c‡Zb| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ I eûfv‡e weK…Z Pvi-BwÄ‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb G mKj e³‡e¨ my¯úófv‡e ejv
n‡q‡Q †h, Cmv gvmxn Avjøvni †cÖwiZ ivm~j, wZwb Avjøvni ev›`v| Avjøvni AeZvi ev Avjøvni †Kv‡bv we‡kl‡Yi †`niƒc nIqv
†Zv A‡bK `~‡ii K_v, †Kv‡bv MvBex Bjg ev gvbyl‡K gyw³ †Ìqvi ÿgZvI Zuvi †bB| Cmv gvmx‡ni bv‡g AwZfw³‡Z gyw³
wgj‡e bv, eis ZvInx` I wimvjv‡Zi wek¦vm I kixqZ cvjbB gyw³i GKgvÎ c_| 280
5. Avjvni Kvjvg ev K_v
Rvngx-gyZvwhjxMY Avjvni K_v‡K m„ó e‡j `vwe Ki‡Zb| Zviv ej‡Zb, Avjvn K_v e‡jb bv, wZwb K_v m„wó K‡ib|
KziAvbI Avjvni GKwU m„wó| K_v ejv m„wói Kg©| Avjvn K_v e‡jb ej‡j Zuv‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq| Avjvn e‡j‡Qb
Ò†Kv‡bv wKQyB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bqÓ 281, Kv‡RB wZwb K_v e‡jb e‡j wek¦vmKvix KziAv‡bi G AvqvZ Awek¦vm Kivi Kvi‡Y
Kvwdi e‡j MY¨|
KziAv‡b evievi Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq Avjvni K_v ejvi welqwU D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avjvn wb‡Ri wel‡q ev Zuvi ivm~j ()
Zuvi wel‡q †h we‡klY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zv Avjvni cweÎZvi ARynv‡Z e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj Kivi A_© Avjvn ev Zuvi ivm~‡ji ()
K_v AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j `vwe Kiv Ges wb‡R‡K Zuv‡ì †P‡qI eyw×gvb I avwg©K e‡j `vwe Kiv| Avjvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i we‡klYwU
†hgb KziAvb †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †Zgwb Zuvi K_v ejvi we‡klYwUI KziAvb †_‡K Rvbv hvq| †Kv‡bv GKwU‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z
Ab¨wU‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj Kivi A_© wb‡Ri eyw×‡K Inx MÖnY ev eR©‡bi gvb`Ê evbv‡bv| Avi GwUB weåvwš—i KviY|
GRb¨ gymwjg D¤§vni BgvgMY GKgZ †h, ÔKvjvgÕ ev ÔK_v ejvÕ Avjvni Abvw` we‡klYmg~‡ni GKwU| KziAvb
Avjvni Kvjvg Ges Zv m„ó bq, eis Zv mªóvi GKwU we‡klY| Avgiv †`‡LwQ, G wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi
AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb:
KziAvb Avjvn ZvÔAvjvi Kvjvg, gymnvd¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wjwce×, ü`q¸‡jvi g‡a¨ msiw¶Z, wRnŸvmg~n Øviv cwVZ Ges
ivm~jyjvn -Gi Dc‡i AeZxY©| KziAvb cv‡V Avgv‡ì wRnŸvi D”PviY m„ó, KziAv‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wjLwb m„ó, Avgv‡ì cvV
m„ó, wKš‘ KziAvb m„ó bq| gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ g~mv (Av) I Ab¨vb¨ bex (Av) †_‡K Ges wdivDb Ges Bejxm †_‡K hv
D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Zv meB Avjvni Kvjvg (K_v), Zv‡ì wel‡q msev` wn‡m‡e| Avjvni K_v m„ó bq, g~mv (Av) I Ab¨ mKj
gvLj~‡Ki K_v m„ó| KziAvb Avjvni K_v Kv‡RB Zv Abvw`, gvLj~KM‡Yi K_v †miƒc bq| g~mv (Av) Avjvni K_v ï‡bwQ‡jb,
†hgb Avjvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb: Òg~mvi mv‡_ Avjvn cÖK…Z evK¨vjvc K‡iwQ‡jbÓ 282 g~mv (Av)-Gi mv‡_ K_v ejvi Av‡MB-
Abvw`Kvj †_‡KB- gnvb Avjvn Zuvi Kvjvg ev K_vi we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ wQ‡jb, †hgb m„óRMZ m„wó Kivi c~‡e©B- Abvw`Kvj
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†_‡KB- wZwb m„wóKZ©vi we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ wQ‡jb| ÔÔ†Kv‡bv wKQyB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq, wZwb me©‡kªvZv me©`ªóv|Ó 283
hLb wZwb g~mv (Av)-Gi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb ZLb wZwb Zuvi †mB Abvw` we‡klY K_vi we‡klY Øviv K_v e‡jb| Zuvi mKj
we‡klYB gvLj~K‡ì ev m„ócÖvYx‡ì we‡kl‡Yi e¨wZµg| wZwb Rv‡bb, Z‡e Zuvi Rvbv Avgv‡ì Rvbvi gZ bq| wZwb ¶gZv
iv‡Lb, Z‡e Zuvi ¶gZv Avgv‡ì ¶gZvi gZ bq| wZwb †`‡Lb, Z‡e Zuvi †`Lv Avgv‡ì †`Lvi gZ bq| wZwb K_v e‡jb,
Z‡e Zuvi K_v ejv Avgv‡ì K_v ejvi gZ bq| wZwb ï‡bb, Z‡e Zuvi †kvbv Avgv‡ì †kvbvi gZ bq| Avgiv evMhš¿ I
A¶‡ii gva¨‡g K_v ewj, Avi gnvb Avjvn evMhš¿ Ges A¶i QvovB K_v e‡jb| A¶i¸wj m„ó| Avi Avjvni K_v (Kvjvg)
m„ó bq|Ó
GLv‡b wZwb †h g~jbxwZ¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvi mvims‡¶c wbgœiƒc:
(1) KziAvb Avjvni Kvjvg, hv wZwb ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Dci AeZxY© K‡ib| KziAvb ÒgymnvdÓ ev MÖš’iƒc KziAv‡bi
g‡a¨ wjwce×, gywgb‡ì Aš—‡i gyL¯— Ges gywgb‡ì wRnŸv Øviv cwVZ|
(2) KziAvb cvVKvixi cvV ev D”PviY Zvi wb‡Ri Kg© Ges Zv gvbexq Kg© wn‡m‡e Avjvni m„ó| Z‡e KziAvb Abvw`
I Am„ó|
(3) KziAv‡b A‡bK gvbyl I Ab¨vb¨ m„wói e³e¨ D×„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mKj m„wó †h K_v c„w_ex‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb Zv
m„wói e³e¨ wn‡m‡e m„ó| Z‡e gnvb Avjvn Zuvi Abvw` we‡kl‡Y Zuv‡ì wel‡q hv e‡j‡Qb Zv meB Zuvi Abvw` we‡kl‡Yi
Aš—f©y³|
(4) gnvb Avjvn Zuvi bex g~mv (Av)-Gi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb Ges †m K_v g~mv (Av) kªeY K‡ib|
(5) Avjvni mKj we‡klYB gvLj~‡Ki we‡kl‡Yi e¨wZµg I AZzjbxq|
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Zvnvex (ivn) e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﻼم‬ � ِ ِ ‫اﷲ ِﻤْﻨﻪُ َﺒ َدأَ ﺒِﻼَ َﻛْﯿِﻔﱠﯿ ٍﺔ ﻗَ ْوﻻً وأَْﻨَزﻟَﻪُ َﻋﻠَﻰ َر ُﺴ ْوﻟِ ِﻪ و ْﺤﯿﺎً و َ ﱠ‬ِ ‫ٕوِا �ن اْﻟﻘُرآن َﻛﻼَم‬
‫اﷲ‬ ُ َ ‫ﺼدﻗَﻪُ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤﻤُﻨ ْو َن َﻋﻠَﻰ َذﻟ َك َﺤﻘﺎ َوأَْﯿﻘَُﻨوا أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻛ‬ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ
‫ث ﻗَﺎ َل‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫ َوﻗَ ْد َذ ﱠﻤﻪُ اﷲُ َو َﻋ َﺎﺒﻪُ َوأَ ْو َﻋ َدﻩُ ﺒِ َﺴﻘََر َﺤْﯿ‬.‫ ﻓَ َﻤ ْن َﺴﻤ َﻌﻪُ ﻓََزَﻋ َم أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻛﻼَ ُم اْﻟَﺒ َﺸ ِر َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻛﻔََر‬.‫ق َﻛ َﻛﻼَِم اْﻟَﺒ ِرﱠﯿﺔ‬ ِ ِ
ٍ ‫ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﺤﻘْﯿﻘَﺔ َﻟْﯿ َس ﺒِ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْو‬
‫ق اْﻟَﺒ َﺸ ِر َوﻻَ ُﯿ ْﺸﺒِﻪُ ﻗَ ْو َل‬ ِ ِ‫ "إِ ْن َﻫ َذا إِﻻﱠ ﻗَ ْو ُل اْﻟَﺒ َﺸ ِر" َﻋﻠِ ْﻤَﻨﺎ وأَْﯿﻘَﱠﻨﺎ أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗَ ْو ُل َﺨﺎﻟ‬:‫ﺎل‬َ َ‫ َﻓﻠَ ﱠﻤﺎ أَ ْو َﻋ َد اﷲُ ﺒِ َﺴﻘََر ﻟِ َﻤ ْن ﻗ‬."‫ﺼِﻠْﯿ ِﻪ َﺴﻘََر‬ْ ُ‫ " َﺴﺄ‬:‫ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬
َ
.‫اْﻟَﺒ َﺸ ِر‬
ÒAvi wbðq KziAvb Avjvni K_v| †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc ev wKiƒc wbY©q e¨wZ‡i‡K K_v wn‡m‡e Zuvi †_‡KB cÖKvwkZ I D™¢~Z,
wZwb Zv Zuvi ivm~j ()-Gi Dc‡i Inxiƒ‡c AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb| Avi gywgbMY Zv mywbwðZ mZïƒ‡c wek¦vm I MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges
Zviv my`„piƒ‡c wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv cÖK…Z I Av¶wiK A‡_©B Avjvni Kvjvg| Zv m„wói K_vi gZ m„ó bq| Kv‡RB †h e¨w³
aviYv Ki‡e †h Zv gvby‡li K_v, †m Kvwdi| Avi Giƒc e¨w³‡K Avjvn wb›`v K‡i‡Qb Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi cÖwZkÖ“wZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÔAwP‡iB Avwg Zv‡K mvKvi-Rvnvbœv‡g cÖweó KieÕ | †h e¨w³ KziAv‡bi wel‡q e‡j †h ÔGwU gvby‡li K_v gvÎÕ 284
Avjvn Zvi G cwiYwZi K_v e‡j‡Qb| G †_‡K Avgiv Rvbjvg I my`„p wek¦v‡m DcbxZ njvg †h, KziAvb gvby‡li K_v bq,
gvby‡li mªóvi K_v|Ó285
Bgvg Zvnvex Av‡iv e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺴﯿد‬،‫ ﻨزل ﺒﻪ اﻟروح اﻷﻤﯿن‬.‫ وﻨﺸﻬد أﻨﻪ ﻛﻼم رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿن‬،‫ وﻻ ﻨﺠﺎدل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرآن‬.‫ وﻻ ﻨﻤﺎري ﻓﻲ دﯿن اﷲ‬،‫وﻻ ﻨﺨوض ﻓﻲ اﷲ‬
‫ وﻻ ﻨﺨﺎﻟف‬،‫ وﻻ ﻨﻘول ﺒﺨﻠﻘﻪ‬.‫ وﻫو ﻛﻼم اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻻ ﯿﺴﺎوﯿﻪ ﺸﻲء ﻤن ﻛﻼم اﻟﻤﺨﻠوﻗﯿن‬.‫اﻟﻤرﺴﻠﯿن ﻤﺤﻤداً ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ وﺴﻠم‬
.‫ وﻨﻘول اﷲ أﻋﻠم ﻓﯿﻤﺎ اﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬...‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن‬
ÒAvgiv Avjvn&i mË¡v m¤ú‡K© A‡nZzK wPš—v-M‡elYvq cÖe„Ë nB bv| Avgiv cweÎ KziAv‡b e¨vcv‡i †Kvb weZK©-ev`vbyev‡`
RwoZ nB bv| Avgiv GK_vi mv¶¨ cÖ`vb Kwi †h, Zv wbwLj we‡k¦i cÖfz-cÖwZcvj‡Ki evYx, iƒûj Avgxb wReivCj (Av) Zv wb‡q
AeZxY© n‡q‡Qb| AZtci wZwb bex‡ì †bZv gynv¤§` -†K Zv wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| KziAvb gnvb Avjvni Kvjvg| m„wóRM‡Zi †Kvb
Kvjvg Gi mgK¶ n‡Z cv‡i bv| ÒKziAvb m„óÓ Ggb gš—e¨ Avgiv Kwi bv Ges Avgiv G e¨vcv‡i gymwjg RvgvÕAv‡Zi
wei“×vPviY Kwi bv| ... †h wel‡q Avgv‡ì Ávb A¯úó †m m¤^‡Ü Avgiv ewj: ÒAvjvnB G wel‡q me©vwaK Rv‡bb|Ó 286
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6. Avjvni n¯—, gyLgÊj, mËv, †µva, mš‘wó

G cwi‡”Q‡ì ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Avh‡gi e³‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: ÒwZwb ÔkvBDbÕ: Ôe¯‘Õ ev Ôwe`¨gvb Aw¯—Z¡Õ, Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
m„ó Ôe¯‘Õ ev Ôwe`¨gvb wel‡qiÕ gZ wZwb bb| Zuvi ÔkvBDbÕ- Ôe¯‘Õ nIqvi A_© wZwb we`¨gvb Aw¯—Z¡, †Kv‡bv †`n, †Kv‡bv
RvInvi (†gŠj Dcv`vb) Ges †Kv‡bv ÔAvivhÕ (A‡gŠj Dcv`vb) e¨wZ‡i‡KB| Zuvi †Kv‡bv mxgv †bB, wecixZ †bB, mgK¶ †bB,
Zzjbv †bB| ÒAZGe †Zvgiv KvD‡K Avjvni mgK¶ evbv‡e bv|Ó Zuvi Bqv` (nvZ) Av‡Q, IqvRn (gyLgÊj) Av‡Q, bdm
(mËv) Av‡Q, KviY Avjvn KziAv‡b G¸‡jv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| KziAv‡b Avjvn hv wKQz D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, †hgb gyLgÊj, nvZ, bdm
BZ¨vw` meB Zuvi we‡klY, †Kv‡bv Ô¯îƒcÕ ev cÖK…wZ wbY©q e¨wZ‡i‡K| G K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi nvZ A_© Zuvi ¶gZv A_ev
Zuvi wbqvgZ| KviY Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kivi A_© Avjvni we‡klY evwZj Kiv| Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kiv Kv`vwiqv I gyÕZvwhjv m¤cÖ`v‡qi
ixwZ| eis Zuvi nvZ Zuvi we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc ev cÖK…wZ wbY©q e¨wZ‡i‡K| Zuvi †µva Ges Zuvi mš‘wó Zuvi `ywU we‡klY,
Avjvni Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl‡Yi gZB, †Kv‡bv ÔKvBdÕ ev ÔwKfv‡eÕ cÖkœ Kiv QvovB|Ó
G e³‡e¨ wZwb gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi wb‡¤œv³ g~jbxwZ¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb:
7. Avjvni wmdvZ: Aw¯—Z¡, ¯îƒc I Zzjbv
Avjvni we‡klYmg~‡ni wel‡q gykvweŸnv I Rvngx m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖvwš—KZvi welq Avgiv †R‡bwQ| gykvweŸnv m¤cÖ`v‡qi
hyw³ wbgœiƒc: (1) KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ Abymv‡i gnvb Avjvni kªeY, `k©b, Ae¯’vb, n¯—, P¶z, gyLgÊj BZ¨vw` we`¨gvb| (2)
gvby‡li g‡aÏ G¸‡jv we`¨gvb (3) G mKj we‡kl‡Yi ¯îƒc I cÖK…wZ Avjvni †¶‡ÎI Aek¨B gvby‡li gZB| (4) Kv‡RB gnvb
Avjvn gvby‡li gZB †`navix Ges we‡klYavix| Zviv Ô†Kv‡bv wKQzB Avjvni gZ bqÕ g‡g©i AvqvZ¸wj‡K wewfbœ e¨vL¨v K‡i
evwZj K‡i †`b|
Rvnwgq¨vn-gyÕZvwhjv‡ì hyw³ wbgœiƒc: (1) gvby‡li kªeY, `k©b, n¯—, P¶z, gyLgÊj BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q| (2) G mKj we‡kl‡Yi
¯îƒc Avjvni †¶‡ÎI Aek¨B gvby‡li gZB n‡Z n‡e| (3) Avjvni G mKj we‡klY Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Kivi GKgvÎ A_© Zuv‡K
gvby‡li mv‡_ Zzjbxq e‡j wek¦vm Kiv| (4) Avjvni AZzjbxqZ¡ mgybœZ ivL‡Z G mKj we‡klY A¯^xKvi, e¨vL¨v I iƒcK A‡_©
wek¦vm Kiv dih|
Zv‡ì g‡Z Avjvni nvZ A_© Avjvni ¶gZv ev wbqvgZ| Avjvni gyLgÊj A_© Avjvni Aw¯—Z¡ ev mËv| †µva I mš‘wó
gvbwmK cwieZ©b, AvKl©Y ev weKl©Y eySvq| gnvb Avjvni †¶‡Î G¸wj cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| Avjvni †µva A_© kvw¯—i B”Qv, Avjvni
mš‘wó A_© cyi¯‹v‡ii B”Qv.... BZ¨vw`| Gfv‡e Zviv Avjvni ÔAZzjbxq‡Z¡Õ wek¦vm Kivi bv‡g Avjvni Inx‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q|
Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j () hv e¨vL¨v K‡ib wb, Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv‡K Zviv `x‡bi Rb¨ Riæix evwb‡q‡Q| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi my¯úó
e³e¨ mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv‡K Kzdix e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Q!
mvnvexMY Inxi G mKj wb‡`©kbv mij A‡_© wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv Inxi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv êcixZ¨ Kíbv K‡ib wb| KviY
Avjvni we‡klY‡K m„óRx‡ei we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡jB êcix‡Zï Kíbv Av‡m| Inxi Dfq wk¶v‡K Av¶wiKfv‡e wek¦vm
Ki‡j †Kv‡bv êcixZ¨ _v‡K bv| G g‡Zi hyw³ wbgœiƒc:
(1) Avjvni we‡klY I AZzjbxqZ¡ DfqB Inxi gva¨‡g ÁvZ welq| (2) we‡kl‡Yi cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc AÁvZ| (3) AÁvZ
wel‡qi ARynv‡Z Inxi ÁvZ welq e¨vL¨v ev A¯^xKvi Kivi A_© Inx‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv| (4) GRb¨ AÁvZ welq‡K AÁvZ †i‡L
we‡klY I AZzjbxqZ¡ Dfq ÁvZ welq wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
gnvb ¯ªóvi Rb¨ Zuvi gh©v`vi mv‡_ mymgÄm I m„wói mv‡_ AZzjbxq n¯Í, gyLgÐj, mËv, †µva, mš‘wó BZ¨vw` we‡klY _vKv
gvbexq eyw×i mv‡_ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB mvsNwl©K bq| †h‡nZz Zuvi m„wói mv‡_ AZzjbxq Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q Kv‡RB Zuvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i mv‡_ mymgÄm
AZzjbxq we‡klYvw` _vKvB ¯^vfvweK| Avnjym mybœvZ G‡ÿ‡Î `ywU g~jbxwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb: (K) Inxi e³e¨ evwn¨K A‡_© MÖnY
Kiv Ges (L) mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiY Kiv| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Dc‡ii e³‡eï e¨vL¨vq cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn kvBL
Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` gvMbxmvex (1000 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﻗﺎل‬...‫ ﻓﻼ ﯿﺒطل اﻷﺼل اﻟﻤﻌﻠوم ﺒﺴﺒب اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ واﻟﻌﺠز ﻋن إدراك اﻟوﺼف‬،‫أﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻠوم ووﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻬول ﻟﻨﺎ‬
،‫ وﻛذﻟك إﺜﺒﺎت اﻟﯿد واﻟوﺠﻪ ﻋﻨدﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﻠوم ﺒﺄﺼﻠﻪ ﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺒوﺼﻔﻪ‬:‫اﻟﺸﯿﺦ اﻹﻤﺎم ﻓﺨر اﻹﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒزدوي ﻓﻲ أﺼول اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ ٕواﻨﻤﺎ ﻀﻠت اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟوﺠﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻨﻬم ردوا اﻷﺼول ﻟﺠﻬﻠﻬم‬.‫وﻟن ﯿﺠوز إﺒطﺎل اﻷﺼل ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺠز ﻋن إدراك اﻟوﺼف‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬
ÒG mKj we‡kl‡Yi g~j A_© ÁvZ wKš‘ G¸‡jvi weeiY ev e¨vL¨v Avgv‡ì AÁvZ| ÁvZ g~j welqwU weei‡Yi A¯úóZv ev
Zv Rvb‡Z Aÿg nIqvi Kvi‡Y evwZj Kiv hvq bv| Bgvg dvLiæj Bmjvg Avjx (Beb gynv¤§v`) evh`vex (482 wn) ÔDm~jyj
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Contents

wdKnÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb: nvZ I gyLgÐj wek¦vm Kiv Avgv‡ì wbKU Zvi g~j A‡_© ÁvZ wKš‘ Zvi weei‡Y Ø¨v_©‡evaK ev
A¯úó| weeiY Rvb‡Z AÿgZvi Kvi‡Y g~j welq evwZj Kiv êa bq| G w`K †_‡KB gyZvwhjxMY weåvšÍ n‡q‡Q| weeiY ev
e¨vL¨v bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y Zviv g~j welqB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q|Ó287
gyZvwhjv-RvnwgqvMY mvaviYZ Avnjym& mybœvZ-†K gykvweŸnv (ZzjbvKvix) ev gyRvmwmgv (†`‡nwek¦vmx) e‡j Acev` †`b|
Zv‡ì `vwe, gnvb Avjvni nvZ, gyLgÊj, P¶z, Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© _vKv BZ¨vwì K_v KziAvb-nv`x‡m †hfv‡e D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q
†mfv‡e wek¦vm Kivi A_©B Zuv‡K Zuvi m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv Ges Zuv‡K Ô†`nwewkóÕ e‡j `vex Kiv| welqwU e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv (ivn) e‡jb †h, Avnjym mybœvZ G¸‡jv‡K we‡klY wn‡m‡e wek¦vm K‡ib Ges wek¦vm K‡ib †h, G¸‡jv †Kv‡bvfv‡e m„wói
†Kv‡bv we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| G¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ Avgiv Rvwb bv Ges Rvb‡Z †Póv Kwi bv| Zuviv Zzjbv A¯^xKvi K‡ib, KviY
Avjvn Zzjbv A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zuviv Zzjbv A¯^xKv‡ii bv‡g g~j we‡klY A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v K‡ib bv, KviY gnvb AvjvnB G
mKj we‡klY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡K wK we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ Ki‡j Zuvi gh©v`v i¶v nq Zv wZwbB me‡P‡q fvj Rv‡bb|
8. gnvb Avjvni Av‡iv `ywU we‡klY
8. 1. Avi‡ki Dci BmwZIqv
Dc‡i Bgvg Avhg Avjvni K_v, nvZ, gyLgÊj, BZ¨vw` we‡klY Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| gnvb Avjvni Av‡iKwU we‡klY
Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb| KziAv‡b mvZ ¯’v‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, gnvb Avjvn Avi‡ki Dci ÔBmwZIqvÕ K‡i‡Qb| 288 Aviex‡Z †Kv‡bv
wKQzi Dci ÔBmwZIqvÕ A_© Zvi E‡aŸ© Ae¯’vb (rise over, mount, settle)| mvjv‡Zi wbwl× mgq eY©bv K‡i ivm~jyjøvn ()
GKRb cÖkœKvix‡K e‡jb:
ِ ‫ت ﻋﻠَﻰ أر‬ ِ ‫ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَﺴﺘَِوى اﻟ ﱠﺸﻤس ﻋﻠَﻰ أر‬
َ‫ﺼﻼَة‬
‫ﺎﻟرْﻤ ِﺢ ﻓَ َد ِع اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ك َﻛ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ْﺴ‬ ْ ‫ ﻓَِﺈ َذا‬، ‫ﺎﻟرْﻤ ِﺢ‬
َ َ ْ ‫اﺴﺘَ َو‬ ‫ك َﻛ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ْﺴ‬ َ َ ُْ َ ْ َ
Ò(mvjvZ êa _vK‡e) hZÿY bv m~h© †Zvgvi gv_vi Dc‡i Zx‡ii gZ BmwZIqv (E‡aŸ© Ae¯’vb) Ki‡e| hLb m~h© †Zvgvi
gv_vi Dci Zx‡ii gZ BmwZIqv (E‡aŸ© Ae¯’vb) Ki‡e ZLb mvjvZ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e|Ó289 Avgiv G eB‡q ÔBmwZIqvÕ-i Abyev‡`
Dc‡i Ae¯’vb ev Awaôvb kã eënvi Kie, Bbkv Avjøvn|
Rvngx-gyZvwhjxMY G we‡klY A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zviv `vwe K‡ib, Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôvb ev w¯’wZ MÖnY †Kv‡bvfv‡eB
gnvb Avjvni we‡klY n‡Z cv‡i bv; KviY gnvb Avjvni Rb¨ Gfv‡e Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b ev †Kv‡bv wKQzi Dc‡i w¯’wZ MÖn‡Yi gZ
gvbexq Kg© A‡kvfbxq Ges Zuvi AZzjbxq‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| GQvov gnvb Avjvn e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb ev›`vi mv‡_ I wbK‡U| 290
Kv‡RB wZwb Avi‡ki Dci _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv| eis Zuviv `vwe K‡ib †h, gnvb Avjvn me©Î weivRgvb; Zuv‡K †Kv‡bv ¯’vb ev w`‡K
mxgve× Kiv Zuvi AZzjbxq‡Z¡i cwicš’x| Zviv `vwe K‡ib, Avi‡k Awaôvb MÖn‡Yi A_© Avi‡ki wbqš¿Y, `Lj ev ÿgZv MÖnY|
wØZxq wnRix kZK †_‡KB Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx BgvgMY Ges cieZ©x gynvwÏm I dKxnMY RvngxM‡Yi G gZ
K‡Vvifv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡K KziAvb A¯^xKvi e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q Zuviv Dc‡ii g~jbxwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|
gnvb Avjvni Avi‡ki Dc‡i Ae¯’vb ev Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© _vKvi we‡klYwU KziAvb I nv`xm Øviv Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e cÖgvwYZ| Z‡e Gi
cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc AÁvZ| AÁvZ‡K AÁvZ †i‡L KziAv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ e³‡eï b¨vq G e³eÏ ¯^xKvi I wek¦vm Kiv gywg‡bi Rb¨
Ri“ix| Zuviv e‡jb: gnvb Avjvn Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi G Awaôvb ev Ae¯’v‡bi ¯îƒc Avgiv Rvwb bv Ges
Rvb‡Z †PóvI Kwi bv| eis wek¦vm Kwi †h, Zuvi G Awaôvb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Kv‡bv m„wói we‡klY ev K‡g©i gZ bq| Zuvi
AZzjbxq‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Ae¯’vb wZwb MÖnY K‡ib|
hLb gvbyl Kíbv K‡i †h, gnvb Avjvn Zuvi m„wói gZB; wZwb GKB mv‡_ Avi‡ki Dc‡i Ges ev›`vi wbKUeZ©x n‡Z
cv‡ib bv- ZLbB KziAv‡bi G `ywU wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ Av‡Q e‡j Kíbv nq| g~j welqwU m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| gnvb Avjvn m„wói
gZ bb| Kv‡RB ˆbKU¨ I EaŸ©Z¡ Dfq‡K mgvbfv‡e wek¦vm K‡i Gi ¯îƒc I cÖK…wZ Avjvni Dci b¨¯— Ki‡j KziAv‡bi mKj
wb‡`©kbv wek¦vm I gvb¨ Kiv nq| Avi ˆbK‡Uï ARynv‡Z Zuv‡K me©Î weivRgvb e‡j `vwe Ki‡j, wZwb †Kv_vq Av‡Qb Zv Rvwb bv
e‡j `vwe Ki‡j, Avik †Kv_vq Zv Rvwb bv e‡j `vwe Ki‡j ev Zuvi Avi‡ki Dci Awaôv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jv e¨vL¨vi bv‡g A¯^xKvi
Ki‡j KziAvb I nv`x‡mi AMwYZ e³e¨ A¯^xKvi Kiv nq, hv Kzdixi bvgvš—i|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwngvûjøvn Zuvi ÔImxqvZÕ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb:
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Contents
ِ ‫ش و َﻏْﯿ ِر اْﻟ َﻌْر‬

‫ َﻓﻠَ ْو‬،‫ش‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ ِﻤن َﻏْﯿ ِر أَن ﯿ ُﻛون ﻟَﻪ ﺤﺎﺠﺔٌ ِإﻟَْﯿ ِﻪ و‬،‫ش اﺴﺘَوى‬ ِ ‫ُﻨِﻘﱡر ﺒِﺄ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ َو ُﻫ َو اْﻟ َﺤﺎﻓظُ ﻟْﻠ َﻌْر‬،‫اﺴﺘ ْﻘَرٌار َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ‬ْ َ َ َ ُ َْ َ ْ ْ َ ْ ‫اﷲ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﻌْر‬ َ ‫َن‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﺎن‬
َ ‫ش أَْﯿ َن َﻛ‬ِ ‫ق اْﻟ َﻌْر‬ ِ ‫س واْﻟﻘََرِار َﻓ َﻘْﺒ َل َﺨْﻠ‬
ِ َ ‫ َوﻟَ ْو‬،‫ﺎن ُﻤ ْﺤﺘَﺎﺠًﺎ ِإَﻟْﯿﻪ ﻟَ َﻤﺎ َﻗدَر َﻋﻠَﻰ ِإْﯿ َﺠﺎد اْﻟ َﻌﺎَﻟم َوﺘَ ْدﺒِْﯿ ِِرﻩ َﻛﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُ ْوِﻗﯿن‬
َ ‫ﺼ َﺎر ُﻤ ْﺤﺘَﺎﺠًﺎ إﻟَﻰ اْﻟ ُﺠﻠُْو‬ َ ‫َﻛ‬
.‫اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ؟ ﻓَﻬُ َو ُﻤَﻨﱠزﻩٌ َﻋ ْن َذﻟِ َك ُﻋﻠُ�وا َﻛﺒِْﯿ اًر‬
ÒAvgiv ¯^xKvi I wek¦vm Kwi †h, gnvb Avjvn Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb MÖnY K‡ib, Avi‡ki cÖwZ Zuvi †Kv‡bviƒc cÖ‡qvRb
e¨wZ‡i‡K Ges Avi‡ki Dc‡i w¯’iZv-Dc‡ekb e¨wZ‡i‡K| wZwb Avik I Ab¨ mewKQzi msi¶K| wZwb hw` Avi‡ki gyLv‡c¶x
n‡Zb Zvn‡j wek¦ m„wó Ki‡Z I cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv, eis wZwb gvLj~‡Ki gZ cigyLv‡c¶x n‡Zb| Avi hw` Zuvi
Avi‡ki Dc‡i Dc‡ekb Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv _v‡K Z‡e Avik m„wói c~‡e© wZwb †Kv_vq wQ‡jb? Kv‡RB Avjvn G mKj welq
†_‡K cweÎ I A‡bK A‡bK E‡aŸ©|Ó291
Bgvg Avh‡gi G e³e¨ D‡jL K‡i †gvjv Avjx Kvix nvbvdx e‡jb: ÒG wel‡q Bgvg gvwjK (ivn) LyeB fvj K_v
e‡j‡Qb| Zuv‡K Avjvni Avi‡ki Dc‡i BwmwZIqv ev Awaôvb wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb:
‫ب‬ ِ ‫ﺎن ِﺒ ِﻪ و‬
ٌ ‫اﺠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ُ ‫ﱡؤا ُل َﻋ ْﻨﻪُ ﺒ ْد َﻋﺔٌ َواﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬
َ ‫ف َﻤ ْﺠﻬُ ْو ٌل َواﻟﺴ‬
ُ ‫اء َﻤ ْﻌﻠُ ْوٌم َواْﻟ َﻛ ْﯿ‬
ُ ‫اَﻻ ْﺴﺘ َو‬
ÒBmwZIqv ev Awaôvb cwiÁvZ, Gi c×wZ ev ¯îƒc AÁvZ, G wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv we`ÔAvZ Ges G welq wek¦vm Kiv
Ri“ix|Ó 292
Bgvg mvwq` bvBmvc~ix nvbvdx e‡jb:
‫ وأﻤﺎ ﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش‬:‫ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻓﻲ رﺴﺎﻟﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﺘل ﺒن ﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎن ﺠواب ﻛﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﻛﻲ ﻋن أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫ وﻻ‬،‫ وﺘَ ْﻌﻠَ َﻤ ﱠن أﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل‬،{‫ﻛﺘﺎب رﺒﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ }ﺜم اﺴﺘوى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش‬
ُ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻤن ذﻟك إﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ وﺼف‬
ّ ،‫اﺴﺘوى ﺤﻘﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﻬذا ﻗوﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺴﺘواء ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ وﻻ ﯿﺸﺒﻪ اﺴﺘواؤﻩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘواء اﻟﺨﻠق‬،‫ وﻨزﻋم أﻨﻪ ﻗد اﺴﺘوى‬،‫ﻨدﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﺴﺘواﺌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
.‫اﻟﻌرش‬
ÒBgvg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb (Zuvi mgmvgwqK †`‡n wek¦vmx gydvm&wmi) gyKvwZj Beb myjvBgvb (150 wn)-Gi
c‡Îi DË‡i †jLv Zuvi c‡Îi GKwU Aby‡”Q‡` wj‡Lb: Ôgnvb Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: wZwb Avi‡ki Dci BwmZIqv (Awaôvb ev Ae¯’vb)
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| mZ¨B wZwb Zv K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡ì i‡ei wKZve G wel‡q hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡bB Avgiv †_‡g hvB| Avjvn
e‡j‡Qb: ÔAZtci wZwb Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb MÖnY Ki‡jb|Õ Avcwb wbwðZ Rvbyb †h, wZwb hv e‡j‡Qb welqwU Zv-B| Avgiv
Zuvi Awaôvb wel‡q †Kv‡bv Áv‡bi `vwe Kwi bv| Avgiv g‡b Kwi wZwb Awaôvb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi Awaôvb m„wói Awaôv‡bi
Abyiƒc ev Zzjbxq bq| Avi‡ki Dci Awaôv‡bi wel‡q GwUB Avgv‡ì e³e¨|Ó293
Avgiv e‡jwQ, gnvb Avjvni Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© _vKv A¯^xKvi Kivi Rb¨ Rvngx-gyZvwhjxMY Zuvi ˆbKU¨ welqK AvqvZ¸‡jv‡K
cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck K‡i `vwe Ki‡Zb †h, wZwb AvZ¥vi gZ ev evZv‡mi gZ| AvZ¥v †hgb †`‡ni me©Î we`¨gvb Ges evZvm †hgb
c„w_exi me©Î we`¨gvb †Zgwb gnvb Avjvn m„wó RM‡Zi me©Î weivRgvb| Gfv‡e Zuviv Avjvn‡K AZzjbxq e‡j cÖgvY Kivi `vwe‡Z
Zuv‡K AvZ¥v I evZv‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡Zb| Dciš‘ Zviv Zuv‡K m„wói Ask evwb‡q †d‡jb| wek¦RMZ m„wói c~‡e© gnvb Avjvn
Zuvi Abvw` mËvq we`¨gvb wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi mËvi evB‡i I wb‡gœ wek¦RMZ m„wó K‡ib| Zuvi mËv wek¦RM‡Zi me©Î weivRgvb
ejvi A_© GK_v `vwe Kiv †h, gnvb Avjøvn wek¦ RMZ‡K Zuvi mËvi Af¨šÍ‡i m„wó K‡i‡Qb!! A_ev wek¦ RMZ m„wói c‡i wZwb Gi
Af¨šÍ‡i me©Î cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb!!! G¸‡jv meB gnvb Avjvni bv‡g Inx-ewnf©yZ ev‡bvqvU A‡kvfbxq aviYv|
Avjvni mËv †hgb m„wói gZ bq, †Zgwb Zuvi we‡klYvewjI m„wói gZ bq| mKj gvbexq Kíbvi E‡aŸ© Zuvi mËv I
we‡klY| Kv‡RB gnvb Avjvni Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôvb Ges ev›`vi ˆbKU¨ DfqB mZ¨ Ges gywgb DfqB wek¦vm K‡ib| Df‡qi
g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ Kíbv Kiv gvbexq mxgve×Zvi dmj| Z`ycwi Rvngx‡ì G weåvwš— `~i Ki‡Z BgvgMY welqwU e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| G
cÖm‡½ Bgvg gvwjK e‡jb:
‫اﷲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء وﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯿﺨﻠو ﻤن ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻤﻛﺎن‬
ÒAvjvn Avmgv‡b (E‡aŸ©) Ges Zuvi Ávb mKj ¯’v‡b| †Kv‡bv ¯’vbB gnvb Avjvni Áv‡bi evB‡i bq|Ó 294
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Contents
Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvbxdv †_‡KI Abyiƒc e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb Bgvg evBnvKx| 295 G cÖm‡½ cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki
cÖwm× gvwjKx dKxn I gynvwÏm Beb Avãyj evi&i BDmyd Beb Avãyjvn (463 wn) e‡jb:
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن اﻟذﯿن ﺤﻤﻠت ﻋﻨﻬم اﻟﺘﺂوﯿل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرآن ﻗﺎﻟوا ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄوﯿل ﻫذﻩ اﻵﯿﺔ ﻫو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش وﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن‬
‫وﻤﺎ ﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬم ﻓﻲ ذﻟك أﺤد ﯿﺤﺘﺞ ﺒﻘوﻟﻪ‬
Òmvnvex-Zvweqx AvwjgMY, hv‡ì †_‡K KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zviv G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e‡j‡Qb, wZwb Avi‡ki
Dc‡i Ges Zuvi Ávb me©Î| `wjj wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi gZ GKRb AvwjgI Zuv‡ì G g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib wb|Ó296
BgvgØ‡qi e³e¨ †_‡K my¯úó †h, ÔBmwZIqvÕ kãwU‡K Zuviv mvaviY Aviex A‡_©B MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| gnvb Avjvni †¶‡Î G
kãwUi A_© A¯úó, Ø¨_©‡evaK, gyZvkvwen, iƒcK ev AÁvZ e‡j `vwe K‡ib wb| eis Zuviv e‡j‡Qb †h, G kãwUi A_© ÔÁvZ
welqÕ, Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv A¯úóZv, iƒcKZv ev Ø¨_©Zv †bB| A_©vr Aviex fvlvq Ab¨b¨ mKj †¶‡Î ÔBmwZIqv AvjvÕ ej‡Z hv
eySv‡bv nq GLv‡bI †mB A_©B MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, A_©vr EaŸ©Z¡| GLv‡b A_©wU iƒcK ev AÁvZ e‡j `vwe Kivi my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e
BmwZIqvi ¯îƒc ev e¨vL¨v AÁvZ (gyZvkvwen)| G AÁvZ wel‡qi Ávb Avjvni Dci †Q‡o w`‡q ÁvZ welq‡K wek¦vm KivB
gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡|
KziAvb K‡qKwU welq Avgv‡ì‡K Rvbvq: (1) gnvb Avjvn Abvw` Abš—, †Kv‡bv wKQzi gyLv‡c¶x bb Ges meB Zuvi
gyLv‡c¶x, (2) gnvb Avjvn †Kv‡bv m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq bb, (3) gnvb Avjvn m„wói GK ch©v‡q Avik m„wó K‡ib Ges Avi‡ki
Dci Awaôvb MÖnY K‡ib Ges (4) gnvb Avjvn Zuvi ev›`vi wbKUeZ©x|
mvnvexMY welq¸‡jv meB mij A‡_© wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb Ges G wel‡q †Kv‡bv êcixZ¨ Abyfe K‡ib wb| KviY Avjvni
AgyLv‡c¶x nIqv, AZzjbxq nIqv, wbKUeZ©x nIqv Ges Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ nIqv †Kv‡bvwUB gvbexq eyw×i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq
ev Am¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB Inxi gva¨‡g hv Avjvn Rvwb‡q‡Qb Zv wb‡q weZK© Kiv weåvwš— ê wKQzB bq| mgm¨vi ïi“ nq hLb gvbyl
G¸‡jvi Mfxi ¯îƒc mÜv‡b e¨¯— nq| Avjvn hw` Agy¶v‡c¶x nb Zvn‡j Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© Awaôv‡bi ìKvi wK? Avi‡ki E‡aŸ©
Awaôvb MÖnY bv Ki‡j G K_v evievi ejvi ìKvi Kx? Awaôvb A_© hw` ¶gZv MÖnY nq Z‡e Kv‡K nwU‡q wZwb ¶gZv `Lj
Ki‡jb? ïay Avi‡ki ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi A_© Kx? Giƒc wRÁvmv gvbyl‡K weåvšÍ K‡i|
Gm‡ei mnR mgvavb Inxi me¸‡jv welq mijfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv| gnvb Avjvn e‡j‡Qb wZwb Agy¶v‡c¶x I AZzjbxq Ges
wZwbB e‡j‡Qb wZwb Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© Awaôvb K‡i‡Qb| G †_‡K Avgiv eywS †h, †Kv‡bviƒc gyLv‡cw¶Zv ev cÖ‡qvRb QvovB Avjvn
Zv K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi G we‡klY †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Kv‡bv m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| Z‡e †Kb K‡i‡Qb, wKfv‡e K‡i‡Qb ev Gi ¯îƒc
Kx Zv wZwb Avgv‡ì e‡jb wb| G¸wj wb‡q cÖkœ Kiv ev DË‡ii mÜvb Kiv `x‡bi g‡a¨ be-D™¢veb ev we`ÔAvZ| KviY mvnvexMY
KL‡bv Giƒc cÖkœ ev DËi mÜvb K‡ib wb|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, gvbexq mnRvZ cÖK…wZB gnvb Avjøvni EaŸ©Z¡ cÖgvY K‡i| gvbyl cÖK…wZMZfv‡e
Avjøvn‡K WvK‡Z EaŸ©gywL nq| GQvov nv`x‡m G EaŸ©‡Z¡i welqwU wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ِﻓ ْﻲ‬
‫ﺎء أَ ْو‬ِ ‫ش أَِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻤ‬
َ ْ َ ‫ي ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬ ْ ‫ش َوﻻَ أَ ْد ِر‬ ِ ‫ض ﻓَﻘَ ْد َﻛﻔَ َر و َﻛ َذا َﻤ ْن ﻗَﺎ َل إَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬
َ
ِ ‫ﺎء أَ ْو ِﻓﻲ اﻷَْر‬
ْ
ِ ‫ف رﱢﺒﻲ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺴﻤ‬
َ ِ
ْ ْ َ ُ ‫ﺎل ﻻَ أَ ْﻋر‬ َ َ‫َﻤ ْن ﻗ‬
‫ِﻓ ْﻲ‬
‫اﻟرُﺒ ْوﺒِﱠﯿ ِﺔ َواﻷُﻟُ ْوِﻫﱠﯿ ِﺔ‬
‫ف ﱡ‬ ِ ‫ش اﺴﺘَوى واﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﯿ ْدﻋﻰ ِﻤ ْن أَ ْﻋﻠَﻰ ﻻَ ِﻤ ْن أَﺴ َﻔ َل ﻟَْﯿس ِﻤ ْن وﺼ‬
ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ‫اﻟر ْﺤ َﻤ ُن َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬ ‫ ﱠ‬:‫ض ﻷَ ﱠن اﷲَ َﯿﻘُ ْو ُل‬ ِ ‫اﻷَْر‬
: ‫ﺎل ﻟَﻬَﺎ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬ َ َ‫ أَﻓَﺘُ ْﺠ ِزئُ َﻫ ِذ ِﻩ؟ ﻓَﻘ‬،‫ق َرﻗََﺒ ٍﺔ‬
ُ ْ‫ب َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ ِﻋﺘ‬ َ ‫ َو َﺠ‬:‫ﺎل‬ َ َ‫اء ﻓَﻘ‬ ٍ ِ ِ
َ ‫ ﺒِﺄَ َﻤﺔ َﺴ ْوَد‬ ‫ى ﻓ ْﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺤد ْﯿث أَ ﱠن َر ُﺠﻼً أَﺘَﻰ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬
ِ ‫َﺸﻲ ٍء وﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ﻤﺎ رِو‬
َ ُ َ ََ ْ
ِ
.ٌ‫اﻋﺘ ْﻘﻬَﺎ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻬَﺎ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤَﻨﺔ‬ ِ
ْ :‫ ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل‬.‫ت إِﻟَﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺴ َﻤﺎء‬ ْ ‫ أَْﯿ َن اﷲُ ﻓَﺄَ َﺸ َﺎر‬:‫ﺎل‬
َ َ‫ ﻓَﻘ‬.‫ َﻨ َﻌ ْم‬:‫ت‬ْ َ‫أَ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤَﻨﺔٌ أَْﻨ ِت؟ ﻓَﻘَﺎﻟ‬
Òhw` †KD e‡j †h, ÔAvgvi ieŸ AvKv‡k bv c„w_ex‡Z Zv Avwg Rvwb bvÕ Z‡e †m Kvwdi n‡q hv‡e| hw` †KD e‡j †h, ÔwZwb
Avi‡ki Dc‡i, wKš‘ Avik †Kv_vq- Avmgv‡b bv hwg‡b- Zv Avwg Rvwb bvÕ Z‡e †mI Abyiƒc| KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: Ô`qvgq
Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i mgvmxbÕ| gnvb Avjvn‡K WvK‡Z nq E‡a©, wb‡gœ bq| wb‡gœ _vKv i“e~weq¨vZ ev Dj~wnq¨v‡Zi †Kv‡bv
we‡klZ¡ bq| Avi G A‡_©B nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q297: GK e¨w³ ivm~jyjvn -Gi wbKU GKwU Kvd«x `vmx‡K wb‡q AvMgb K‡i
e‡j †h, Zv‡K GKwU `vm gy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| G `vmx‡K gy³ Ki‡j wK Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb n‡e? ZLb ivm~jyjvn () D³ `vmx‡K
e‡jb, Zzwg wK Cgvb`vi? †m e‡j: nu¨v| wZwb e‡jb: Avjvn †Kv_vq? †m Avmgv‡bi w`‡K Bkviv K‡i| ZLb wZwb e‡jb: G‡K
gy³ K‡i `vI, G bvix Cgvb`vi|Ó298
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Contents
AvKx`v Zvnvweqvi e¨vL¨vq Beb Avexj B¾ nvbvdx e‡jb: ÒkvBLyj Bmjvg Ave~ BmgvCj Avbmvix (481 wn) Zuvi
ÒAvj-dviƒKÓ MÖ‡š’ Ave~ gyZx evjLx ch©š— mb‡` D×„Z K‡i‡Qb, Ave~ gyZx e‡jb, Ave~ nvbxdv‡K (ivn) cÖkœ Kijvg: †h e¨w³ e‡j,
Avgvi ieŸ Avmgv‡b bv hgx‡b Zv Avwg Rvwb bv, Zvi wel‡q Avcbvi gZ wK? wZwb e‡jb: G e¨w³ Kvwdi| KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb:
Ô`qvgq Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i mgvmxbÕ 299, Avi Zuvi Avik mß Avmgv‡bi Dc‡i| Avwg (Avey gyZx) ejjvg: hw` †m e‡j, wZwb
Avi‡ki Dc‡i, wKš‘ †m e‡j: Avik wK Avmgv‡b bv hgx‡b Zv Avwg Rvwb bv, Zvn‡j wK n‡e? wZwb (Ave~ nvbxdv) e‡jb: Zvn‡jI
†m Kvwdi| KviY †m Zuvi Avmgv‡b ev E‡a© nIqvi welqwU A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q, Avi †h e¨w³ Zuvi EaŸ©Z¡ A¯^xKvi Ki‡e †m Kvwdi|
...|Ó300
BmwZIqv I Ab¨vb¨ we‡klY wel‡q Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji g~jbxwZ I AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Ave~ evKi Lvjvj
Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` (311 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻻﺴﺘواء ﻫو اﻟﻌﻠو واﻻرﺘﻔﺎع وﻟم ﯿزل اﷲ‬... ‫وﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول إن اﷲ ﻋز وﺠل ﻤﺴﺘو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش اﻟﻤﺠﯿد‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺎ رﻓﯿﻌﺎ ﻗﺒل أن ﯿﺨﻠق ﻋرﺸﻪ ﻓﻬو ﻓوق ﻛل ﺸﻲء واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺸﻲء ٕواﻨﻤﺎ ﺨص اﷲ اﻟﻌرش ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﻟف ﻟﺴﺎﺌر‬
‫اﻷﺸﯿﺎء واﻟﻌرش أﻓﻀل اﻷﺸﯿﺎء وأرﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻤﺘدح اﷲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش أﺴﺘوى أي ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻼ وﻻ ﯿﺠوز أن ﯿﻘﺎل أﺴﺘوى ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺴﺔ وﻻ‬
‫ وﻛﺎن‬.‫ﺒﻤﻼﻗﺎة ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﷲ ﻋن ذﻟك ﻋﻠوا ﻛﺒﯿ ار واﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟم ﯿﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺘﻐﯿر وﻻ ﺘﺒدل وﻻ ﺘﻠﺤﻘﻪ اﻟﺤدود ﻗﺒل ﺨﻠق اﻟﻌرش وﻻ ﺒﻌد ﺨﻠق اﻟﻌرش‬
‫ﯿﻨﻛر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن ﯿﻘول إن اﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن ﺒذاﺘﻪ ﻷن اﻷﻤﻛﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺤدودة وﺤﻛﻲ ﻋن ﻋﺒد اﻟرﺤﻤن ﺒن ﻤﻬدي ﻋن ﻤﺎﻟك أن اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
.‫ﻤﺴﺘو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋرﺸﻪ اﻟﻤﺠﯿد ﻛﻤﺎ أﺨﺒر وأن ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن وﻻ ﯿﺨﻠوا ﺸﻲء ﻤن ﻋﻠﻤﻪ وﻋظم ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻛﻼم ﻓﻲ ﻫذا واﺴﺘﺒﺸﻌﻪ‬
Bgvg Avng` ej‡Zb, gnvb Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ| ... AwawôZ nIqvi A_© wZwb Gi E‡aŸ©| gnvb Avjvn Avik m„wói
c~e© †_‡KB mewKQzi E‡aŸ©| wZwb mKj wKQzi E‡aŸ© Ges mKj wKQzi Dc‡i| GLv‡b Avik‡K D‡jL Kivi KviY Avi‡ki g‡a¨ Ggb
êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wKQzi g‡a¨ †bB| Zv n‡jv Avik me‡P‡q gh©v`vgq m„wó Ges me wKQzi E‡aŸ©| gnvb Avjvn wb‡Ri
cÖksmv K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ, A_©vr wZwb Avi‡ki E‡aŸ©| Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôv‡bi A_© Avik ¯úk© K‡i
Ae¯’vb Kiv bq| gnvb Avjvn Giƒc aviYvi A‡bK E‡aŸ©| Avik m„wói c~‡e© Ges Avik m„wói c‡i gnvb Avjvn GKB Ae¯’vq
i‡q‡Qb; †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b Zuv‡K ¯úk© K‡i wb, †Kv‡bv MwÊ ev mxgv Zuv‡K mxgvwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hviv e‡jb †h, gnvb Avjvn me©Î
weivRgvb Zv‡ì K_v wZwb A¯^xKvi I cÖwZev` Ki‡Zb| KviY mKj ¯’vbB MwÊ ev mxgvq Ave×| wZwb Avãyi ivngvb Beb gvn`x
†_‡K, wZwb Bgvg gvwjK †_‡K D×„Z Ki‡Zb: gnvb Avjvn gnv-cweÎ Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© mgvmxb Ges Zuvi Ávb-Bjg me©Î we`¨gvb|
†Kv‡bv ¯’vbB Zuvi Áv‡bi AvIZvi evB‡i bq| Avjvni me©Î weivRgvb K_vwU Bgvg Avng` N„Y¨ e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| 301
Bgvg Zvnvex (ivn) e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﱢت َﻛﺴﺎﺌِ ِر ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺒﺘَ َدﻋ‬ ِ ‫ ﻻ ﺘَ ْﺤ ِو‬،‫ات‬
ُ َ‫ﯿﻪ ا ْﻟ ِﺠﻬ‬ ِ ‫ﺎء واﻷ ََدو‬
ِ ‫َﻋ‬ ِ ‫ود وا ْﻟ َﻐﺎﯿ‬
‫ش‬
ُ ‫ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬.... .‫ﺎت‬ َ ُ َ ‫ﺎت اﻟﺴ ﱡ‬ َ َ ‫ﻀ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺎن َواﻷ‬ِ ‫ َواﻷ َْرَﻛ‬،‫ﺎت‬ َ َ ِ ‫َوﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻋ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُد‬
ٍ ِ ِ
ُ‫ ُﻤﺤﯿطٌ ﺒِ ُﻛ ﱢل َﺸ ْﻲء َوﻓَ ْوﻗَﻪ‬،ُ‫وﻨﻪ‬ ِ ‫ و ُﻫو ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻐ ٍن َﻋ ِن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬،‫ق‬
َ ‫ش َو َﻤﺎ ُد‬ ‫ﱞ‬
َ َ ‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْرﺴ ﱡﻲ َﺤ‬
ÒAvjvn& ZvÕAvjv mxgv-cwiwa, A½-cÖZ¨½ I Dcv`vb-DcKi‡Yi eû E‡aŸ©| hveZxq D™¢vweZ m„ó e¯‘i b¨vq Zvu‡K lô w`K
cwi‡eób Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avjvni Avik I Kzimx (Avmb) mZ¨| Avik I Zvi bx‡P hv wKQz we`¨gvb me wKQz †_‡K wZwb
AgyLv‡c¶x| wZwb mKj wKQz‡K cwi‡eóbKvix Ges mKj wKQzi E‡aŸ©|Ó302
A_©vr wZwb Zuvi m„ó w`K, ¯’vb I mxgvi E‡aŸ©| Z‡e m„wói mxgv †hLv‡b †kl Zvi E‡aŸ© Zuvi gnvb Avik| Avik mKj
m„wó‡K cwi‡eób K‡i we`¨gvb| wZwb ZviI E‡aŸ©| Kv‡RB wZwb mKj wKQzi E‡aŸ© Ges mKj wKQz‡K cwi‡eóbKvix|
kvn IqvwjDjøvn gynvwÏm †`njex e‡jb:
...‫ ﺒل ﻻ ﯿﻌﻠم ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫذا اﻟﺘﻔوق واﻻﺴﺘواء إﻻ ﻫو‬،‫ ﻟﻛن ﻻ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﯿز وﻻ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬،‫وﻫو ﻓوق اﻟﻌرش ﻛﻤﺎ وﺼف ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
ÒwZwb Avi‡ki E‡aŸ©, †hfv‡e wZwb wb‡Ri wel‡q e‡j‡Qb| Gi A_© †Kv‡bv w`K ev ¯’v‡b mxgve× nIqv bq| eis G
EaŸ©‡Z¡i Ges Awaôv‡bi cÖK…wZ wZwb Qvov †KD Rv‡b bv...|Ó 303
8. 2. AeZiY
gnvb Avjvni Ab¨ GKwU we‡klY Ôbyh~jÕ ev AeZiY| G A‡_©i GKwU nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
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ِ ِ ‫ﺎء اﻟ ﱡدْﻨﯿﺎ ِﺤﯿن ﯿْﺒﻘَﻰ ﺜُﻠُ ُ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﯿْﻨ ِز ُل رﺒﱡﻨﺎ ُﻛ ﱠل ﻟَْﯿﻠَ ٍﺔ ِإﻟَﻰ اﻟﺴﱠﻤ‬
ْ ‫ث اﻟﻠْﯿ ِل اﻵﺨ ُر َﯿﻘُو ُل َﻤ ْن َﯿ ْد ُﻋوﻨِﻰ ﻓَﺄ‬
َ ‫َﺴﺘَ ِﺠ‬
‫ﯿب ﻟَﻪُ َﻤ ْن َﯿ ْﺴﺄَﻟُﻨﻰ‬ َ َ َ َ ََ َ
ِ ْ ‫ُﻋ ِطﯿﻪ ﻤن ﯿﺴﺘَ ْﻐِﻔرﻨِﻰ ﻓَﺄ‬
ُ‫َﻏﻔ َر َﻟﻪ‬ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ ‫ﻓَﺄ‬
ÒcÖwZ iv‡Z hLb iv‡Zi †kl Z…Zxqvsk Aewkó _v‡K ZLb Avgv‡ì gwngvwš^Z gnv-Kj¨vYgq cÖwZcvjK wbKUeZ©x
Avmgv‡b AeZiY K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb: Avgv‡K WvKvi †KD AvQ wK? Avwg Zvi Wv‡K mvov wè| Avgvi Kv‡Q PvIqvi †KD AvQ
wK? Avwg Zv‡K cÖ`vb Kie| Avgvi Kv‡Q ¶gv PvIqvi †KD AvQ wK? Avwg Zv‡K ¶gv Kie|Ó304
G we‡klYI Rvngx-gyÕZvwhjxMY A¯^xKvi K‡ib| Zviv e‡jb, ¯’vb cwieZ©b Avjvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| wZwb
Avik †_‡K AeZiY Ki‡j Avik wK k~b¨ _v‡K? Zuviv e‡jb: AeZiY A_© ˆbKU¨ ev we‡kl Ki“Yv| wKš‘ cÖkœ n‡jv: Avjøvn I
Zuvi ivm~j †Zv A‡bK ¯’v‡bB ˆbKU¨ I KiæYv kã eënvi K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b ivm~jyjøvn () ˆbKU¨ ev Ki“Yv bv e‡j AeZiY
ej‡jb †Kb? Avjøvn wK Zuvi ev›`vi Rb¨ wek¦vm‡K KwVb I RwUj Ki‡Z Pvb? bv mnR Ki‡Z Pvb?
Avnjym mybœv‡Zi BgvgMY Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl‡Yi gZ GwU‡KI Zzjbvgy³fv‡e †g‡b †bb| Zuviv e‡jb: GwU gnvb Avjvni
GKwU we‡klY| Avgiv mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kwi †h, gnvb Avjvn AZzjbxq, wZwb Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb MÖnY K‡ib Ges wZwb
hLb Ges †hfv‡e B”Qv AeZiY K‡ib| Zuvi AeZiY †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †Kv‡bv m„wói AeZi‡Yi gZ bq| Zuvi AeZi‡Yi ¯îƒc
I cÖK…wZ wK Zv Avgiv Rvwb bv Ges Rvbvi †PóvI Kwi bv| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (iv) †K gnvb Avjvni AeZiY wel‡q cÖkœ
Kiv nq| wZwb DË‡i e‡jb:
‫ﯿﻨزل ﺒﻼ ﻛﯿف‬
305
Ògnvb Avjvn AeZiY K‡ib, †Kv‡bviƒc c×wZ ev ¯îƒc e¨wZ‡i‡K|Ó
9. we‡klY wel‡q Pvi Bgvg I mvjvd mvwjnxb
Avgiv gnvb Avjvni we‡klY m¤ú‡K© Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) I cÖm½Z Bgvg gvwjK (ivn) I Bgvg Avng` (ivn)-Gi
gZ Rvbjvg| e¯‘Z Pvi Bgvgmn Ômvjvd mvwjnxbÕ ev Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Pvi cÖR‡b¥i mKj eyRyM© GKB AvKx`v AbymiY Ki‡Zb|
Zuviv mK‡jB KziAvb I mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z we‡klY¸‡jv‡K mij A‡_© wek¦vm Ki‡Z Ges e¨vL¨v I Zzjbv eR©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©k
w`‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg eyLvix cÖ_g wnRix kZ‡Ki `yRb cÖwm× Zvweqxi gZ D×…Z K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
(‫ وﻗﺎل ﻤﺠﺎﻫد )اﺴﺘوى( ﻋﻼ )ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش‬..‫ﻗﺎل أﺒو اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ )اﺴﺘوى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء( ارﺘﻔﻊ‬
Ò(cÖwm× Zvweqx gynvwÏm I dKxn iædvB Beb wgnivb) Aveyj Avwjqv (90 wn) e‡jb: ÔAvmgv‡bi cÖwZ BmwZIqv K‡i‡Qb
A_©: Avmgv‡bi Dc‡i †_‡K‡Qb|Õ (Ab¨ cÖwm× Zvweqx gydvm&wmi I dKxn Bgvg) gyRvwn` (104 wn) e‡jb: ÔAvi‡ki Dci
ÔBmwZIqvÕ K‡i‡Qb A_© Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© †_‡K‡Qb|Ó306
mvwq` bvBmvc~ix Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v eY©bv cÖm‡½ e‡jb:
‫ وﻟم ﯿﻛن أﺌﻤﺔُ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن ﻤن اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬،‫ ﺒدﻋﺔ اﺒﺘدﻋوﻫﺎ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ﺴﺌل ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن إﺴﺤﺎق ﺒن ﺨزْﯿﻤﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻛﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻷﺴﻤﺎء واﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬
،‫ وﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن اﻟﺤﺴن‬،‫ وأﺒو ﯿوﺴف‬،‫ وأﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬،‫ واﻷوزاﻋﻲ‬،‫ وﺴﻔﯿﺎن اﻟﺜوري‬،‫ﻤﺎﻟك ﺒن أﻨس‬ِ ‫ ﻤﺜ ُل‬،‫واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن وأﺌﻤﺔ اﻟدﯿن وأرﺒﺎب اﻟﻤذاﻫب‬
،‫ أي ﻟم ﯿﻛن ﯿﺘﻛﻠﻤون ﻓﻲ ذﻟك‬‫ وﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن ﯿﺤﯿﻰ‬،‫ وﻋﺒد اﷲ ﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك‬،‫ وﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﺒن ﯿﺤﯿﻰ‬،‫ ٕواﺴﺤﺎق اﻟﺤﻨظﻠﻲ‬،‫ وأﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺤﻨﺒل‬،‫واﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
ِ ‫ و‬،‫وﯿﻨﻬون ﻋن اﻟﺨوض ﻓﯿﻪ‬
.‫اﻟﻨظر ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺒﻬم ﺒﺤﺎل واﷲَ أﺴﺄل أن ﯿﻌﯿ َذﻨﺎ ﻤن ﻤﻀﻼت اﻟﻔﺘن ﻤﺎ ظﻬر ﻤﻨﻬﺎ وﻤﺎ ﺒطن‬
ÒBgvg gynv¤§v` Beb BmnvK Beb LyhvBgv (223-311 wn)-†K gnvb Avjvni bvg I we‡klY welqK K_vevZ©v ev Bjgyj
Kvjvg m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kiv nq| wZwb e‡jb: GwU GKwU weÀvZ hv Zviv D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| gymwjg‡ì BgvgMY, A_©vr mvnvexMY,
ZvweqxMY, cÖwm× gvhnve¸‡jvi BgvgMY, †hgb gvwjK Beb Avbvm, mywdqvb mvIix, AvIhvqx, Ave~ nvbxdv, Ave~ BDm~d, gynv¤§v`
Bebyj nvmvb, kvwdqx, Avng` Beb nv¤^vj, BmnvK Beb ivnIqvBwn nvbhvjx, BqvnBqv Beb BqvnBqv, Avãyjvn& Bebyj gyevivK,
gynv¤§v` Beb BqvnBqv hynjx- ivwÀvjvû Avbûg- †KDB G wel‡q K_v ej‡Zb bv| Zuviv mK‡jB G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
wb‡la Ki‡Zb Ges hviv G mKj wel‡q K_v e‡jb Zv‡ì eBcÎ co‡Z wb‡la Ki‡Zb| Avwg gnvb Avjvni Kv‡Q Avkªq PvB,
wZwb †hb Avgv‡ì‡K cÖKvk¨ I †Mvcb weåvwš—Ki wdZbv †_‡K i¶v K‡ib|Ó307
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cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx Bgvg mydBqvb Beb DAvBbv (107-198 wn) e‡jb:

‫ ﻻ ﻛﯿف وﻻ ﻤﺜل‬،‫ﻛل ﻤﺎ وﺼف اﷲ ﺒﻪ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرآن ﻓﻘراءﺘﻪ ﺘﻔﺴﯿرﻩ‬
ÒAvjvn KziAv‡b wb‡Ri wel‡q †h mKj we‡klY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zvi cvVB Zvi e¨vL¨v †Kv‡bv ÔKvBdÕ (¯îƒc) †bB Ges
†Kv‡bv ÔwgmjÕ (Zzjbv) †bB|Ó308
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mgmvgwqK cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm I gyRZvwn` dKxn Bgvg AvIhvqx Avãyi ivngvb Beb
Avgi (157 wn) e‡jb:
‫ﻛﻨﺎ واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌون ﻤﺘواﻓرون ﻨﻘول إن اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋرﺸﻪ وﻨؤﻤن ﺒﻤﺎ وردت ﺒﻪ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻤن ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ‬
Ò†h mg‡q ZvweqxMY eû msL¨vq we`¨gvb wQ‡jb †m mg‡q Avgiv ejZvg: gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi Avi‡ki Dc‡i Ges
mybœv‡Z (nv`x‡m) gnvb Avjøvni hv wKQz we‡klY ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv Avgvi wek¦vm Kwi|Ó 309
cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx gynvwÏm Iqvjx` Beb gymwjg (195 wn) e‡jb:
‫وﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺠﺎءت ﺒﻼ ﻛﯿف‬ ِ ‫ﺴﺄﻟت اﻷوزاﻋﻲ وﻤﺎﻟﻛﺎ واﻟﺜوري واﻟﻠﯿث ﺒن ﺴﻌد ﻋن اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟوا‬
َ ‫أﻤ ﱡر‬
ÒBgvg AvIhvqx (157 wn), Bgvg gvwjK Beb Avbvm (179 wn), Bgvg mywdqvb mvIix Ges Bgvg jvBm Beb mvÕ`
(175 wn )-†K Avwg gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY welqK nv`xm¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmv Kwi| ZLb Zuviv e‡jb: G¸‡jv †hfv‡e
G‡m‡Q †mfv‡eB Pvwj‡q bvI; †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc-cÖK…wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K|Ó 310
gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY welqK g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v K‡i ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i wØZxq fvl¨ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ
MÖ‡š’ Bgvg Avhg e‡jb:
‫ َو ُﻫ َو ﻗَ ْو ُل أَ ْﻫ ِل اﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ‬،‫ف‬ ٍ ‫ﻼ َﻛْﯿ‬ َ ِ‫ﺼﻔَﺎﺘِ ِﻪ ﺒ‬ِ ‫ﺎن ِﻤ ْن‬ ِ َ‫ﺼ َﻔﺘ‬ ِ ‫ و َﻏﻀﺒﻪ وِرﻀﺎﻩ‬.‫ﺎت اْﻟﻤ ْﺨﻠُوِﻗ ْﯿن‬
ُ َ َ ُ َُ َ َ ْ َ
ِ َ‫ﺼﻔ‬ ِ ِ‫ف اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﺒ‬
َ ُ ُ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ‫ﻻَ ُﯿ ْو‬
‫ﺼ َﻤ ٌد ﻟَ ْم َﯿِﻠ ْد َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ ْوﻟَ ْد‬
َ ‫ف َﻨ ْﻔ َﺴﻪُ أَ َﺤ ٌد‬ َ ‫ﺼ‬ ِ
َ ‫ َوَﻨﺼﻔُﻪُ َﻛ َﻤﺎ َو‬.ُ‫ﻀﺎﻩُ ﺜََو ُاﺒﻪ‬ َ ‫ﻀُﺒﻪُ ُﻋﻘُ ْوَﺒﺘُﻪُ َوِر‬ َ ‫ َﻏ‬:‫ﻀﻰ َوﻻَ ُﯿﻘَﺎ ُل‬ َ ‫ب َوَﯿ ْر‬
ِ
ُ ‫ َو ُﻫ َو َﯿ ْﻐﻀ‬.‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬
ِ ‫واْﻟﺠﻤ‬
َ ََ َ
‫ق‬ ِ
ُ ‫ت َﺠ ِﺎر َﺤﺔٌ َو ُﻫ َو َﺨﺎﻟ‬ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ي َﺨْﻠﻘﻪ َوَﻟ ْﯿ َﺴ‬ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ق أَ ْﯿد ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َﻟ ْﯿ َﺴ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫َوﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْن ﻟَﻪُ ُﻛﻔُ ًوا أَ َﺤ ٌد َﺤ ﱞﻲ ﻗَﱡﯿ ْوٌم ﻗَﺎدٌر َﺴﻤ ْﯿ ٌﻊ َﺒﺼ ْﯿٌر َﻋﺎﻟ ٌم َﯿ ُد اﷲ ﻓَ ْو‬
ْ ‫ت َﻛﺄَْﯿد‬
‫ ﻟَ ْﯿ َس َﻛ ِﻤ ْﺜﻠِ ِﻪ َﺸ ْﻲ ٌء‬:‫س‬ ِ ‫ق ُﻛ ﱢل اﻟﱡﻨﻔُ ْو‬ ُ ِ‫س َﺨْﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ َو ُﻫ َو َﺨﺎﻟ‬ ِ ‫ت َﻛَﻨ ْﻔ‬ ُ ِ‫ي َوَو ْﺠﻬُﻪُ ﻟَْﯿ َس َﻛ ُو ُﺠ ْوِﻩ َﺨْﻠ ِﻘ ِﻪ َو ُﻫ َو َﺨﺎﻟ‬
ْ ‫ق ُﻛ ﱢل اْﻟ ُو ُﺠ ْوِﻩ َوَﻨ ْﻔ ُﺴﻪُ ﻟَْﯿ َﺴ‬ ِ
ْ ‫اﻷَْﯿد‬
ِ ‫وﻫو اﻟ ﱠﺴ ِﻤ ْﯿﻊ اْﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺼ ْﯿ ُر‬ َ ُ َُ َ
Ògnvb Avjvn m„wói we‡kl‡Y we‡klvwqZ nb bv| Zuvi †µva I mš‘wó Zuvi we‡klYmg~‡ni `ywU we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc wbY©q
Qvov| GwUB Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ-Gi gZ| gnvb Avjvn †µvavwš^Z nb Ges mš‘ó nb| G K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi
†µva A_© Zuvi kvw¯— Ges Zuvi mš‘wó A_© Zuvi cyi¯‹vi| Avjvn wb‡R wb‡R‡K †hiƒ‡c we‡kwlZ K‡i‡Qb AvgivI Zuv‡K †mfv‡eB
we‡kwlZ Kwi| wZwb GKK, AgyLv‡c¶x, wZwb Kv‡iv Rb¥ †`b wb, wZwb Rb¥cÖvß bb, †KD Zuvi Zzjbxq bq| wZwb wPiÄxe,
me©msi¶K, ¶gZvevb, kªeYKvix, `k©bKvix, Ávbx, Avjvni nvZ Zv‡ì nv‡Zi Dci, Zuvi nvZ Zuvi m„wói nv‡Zi gZ bq; Zv A½
bq; wZwb n¯—mg~‡ni mªóv| Zuvi gyLgÊj Zuvi m„wói gyLgÊ‡ji gZ bq; wZwb mKj gyLgÊ‡ji mªóv| Zuvi bdm Zuvi m„wói bd‡mi
gZ bq, wZwb mKj bd‡mi mªóv| (Avjøvn e‡jb 311) Ò†Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq, Ges wZwb me©‡kªvZv me©`ªóv|Ó312
GLv‡b wZwb wZbwU welq wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb:
(1) gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jvi AZzjbxq‡Z¡ wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
(2) gnvb Avjøvn wb‡Ri wel‡q †h mKj kã, evK¨, Kg© ev we‡klY eënvi K‡i‡Qb gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ †m¸‡jv me©všÍKi‡Y MÖnY,
wek¦vm I eënvi Kiv|
(3) Zuvi we‡klY iƒcK A‡_© eëüZ e‡j `vwe Kiv ev e¨vL¨v Kiv hv‡e bv|
gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY e¨vL¨vq wKQz ejvi A_© gnvb Avjøvn m¤ú‡K© gvbexq hyw³, eyw× ev BRwZnv` w`‡q wKQz ejv|
Avi gnvb Avjøvni wel‡q BRwZnv` K‡i wKQz ejv hv‡e bv| GRb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡jb:
ً‫ وﻻ ﯿﻘول ﻓﯿﻪ ﺒرأﯿﻪ ﺸﯿﺌﺎ‬،‫ وﻟﻛن ﯿﺼﻔﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ وﺼف ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﺒﻪ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬،‫ﻻ ﯿﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻷﺤد أن ﯿﻨطق ﻓﻲ اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺒﺸﺊ ﻤن ذاﺘﻪ‬
.‫ﺘﺒﺎرك اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿن‬
Ògnvb Avjvni wel‡q wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K wKQz ejv Kv‡iv Rb¨ êa bq; eis wZwb wb‡Ri Rb¨ †h we‡klY eënvi K‡i‡Qb
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Zuvi wel‡q ïay †m we‡klYB eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| G wel‡q wb‡Ri gZ, hyw³ ev BRwZnv` w`‡q wKQzB ejv hv‡e bv|
gnvcweÎ, gnvm¤§vwbZ-gnvKj¨vYgq Avjvn wek¦RM‡Zi cÖwZcvjK|Ó313
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb QvÎ cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg gynv¤§v` Beb nvmvb kvBevbx (189
wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﺘﻔق اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﻛﻠﻬم ﻤن اﻟﻤﺸرق إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻐرب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﺒﺎﻟﻘرآن واﻷﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺠﺎء ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬
‫ وﻓﺎرق‬ ‫اﻟرب ﻋز وﺠل ﻤن ﻏﯿر ﺘﻐﯿﯿر وﻻ وﺼف وﻻ ﺘﺸﺒﯿﻪ ﻓﻤن ﻓﺴر اﻟﯿوم ﺸﯿﺌﺎ ﻤن ذﻟك ﻓﻘد ﺨرج ﻤﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬم ﻟم ﯿﺼﻔوا وﻟم ﯿﻔﺴروا وﻟﻛن أﻓﺘوا ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﺘﺎب واﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺜم ﺴﻛﺘوا ﻓﻤن ﻗﺎل ﺒﻘول ﺠﻬم ﻓﻘد ﻓﺎرق اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻗد‬
.‫وﺼﻔﻪ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺸﻲء‬
Òc~e© †_‡K cwðg ch©š— mKj †`‡ki dKxnMY mK‡jB GKgZ †h, gnvb Avjvni we‡klY m¤ú‡K© KziAvb Ges
ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e, †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b, we‡klvqb Ges Zzjbv
e¨wZ‡i‡K| hw` †KD eZ©gv‡b †m¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv wKQzi e¨vL¨v K‡i Z‡e †m ivm~jyjvn -Gi c_ I c×wZ cwiZ¨vMKvix Ges
D¤§v‡Zi c~e©m~ix‡ì BRgvi (HKg‡Zï) we‡ivwaZvq wjß| KviY Zuviv G¸‡jv‡K we‡klvwqZ K‡ib wb Ges e¨vL¨vI K‡ib
wb| eis Zuviv KziAvb I mybœv‡Z hv we`¨gvb Zvi wfwË‡Z dvZIqv w`‡q‡Qb Ges Gici bxie †_‡K‡Qb| Kv‡RB †h e¨w³
Rvng-Gi gZ MÖnY Ki‡e †m mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi HKg‡Zï c_ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e; KviY †m gnvb Avjvn‡K †bwZevPK I
Awe`¨gvbZvi we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ K‡i|Ó 314
Bgvg gynv¤§v‡ì QvÎ Bgvg Ave~ DevB` Kvwmg Beb mvjvg (224wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﻟﻛن إذا‬،‫ وﻫﻲ ﻋﻨدﻨﺎ ﺤق ﻻ ﻨﺸك ﻓﯿﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث ﺼﺤﺎح ﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟﺤدﯿث واﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﺒﻌﻀﻬم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌض‬
‫أﺤدا ﯿﻔﺴرﻩ‬
ً ‫ﱢر ﻫذا وﻻ ﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬
ُ ‫ ﻻ ُﻨ َﻔﺴ‬:‫ ﻛﯿف وﻀﻊ ﻗدﻤﻪ؟ وﻛﯿف ﻀﺤك؟ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬:‫ﻗﯿل‬
ÒG¸‡jv mnxn nv`xm| gynvwÏmMY I dKxnMY ci¯úi G¸‡jv MÖnY I eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡ì g‡Z G¸‡jv mZ¨ I
mwVK, G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| wKš‘ hw` ejv nq: wZwb wKfv‡e Rvnvbœv‡g c` ¯’vcb Ki‡jb? wZwb wKfv‡e nvm‡jb?
Z‡e Avgiv eje: Avgiv G¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v Kwi bv| c~e©eZ©x KvD‡K Avgiv G¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ïwb wb|Ó315
Bgvg mvwq` Beb gynv¤§v` bvBmvc~ix nvbvdx e‡jb:
‫ وروي ﻋن ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن اﻟﺤﺴن رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ أﻨﻪ ﻗﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل‬.‫ﻓﺼل ﻓﻲ رواﯿﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺢ ﻤن اﻵﺜﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت وﺘرك اﻟﺨوض ﻓﯿﻬﺎ‬
‫ وﻻ ﻨﻔﺴرﻫﺎ‬،‫ وﻨؤﻤن ﺒِﻬﺎ‬،‫وﻨﺼ ﱢدﻗﻬﺎ‬
ُ ،‫ وﻨﺤن ﻨروﯿﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث ﻗد روﺘْﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﺎت‬
ÒAvjvni we‡klY wel‡q Ges G¸‡jv wb‡q weZK© bv Kivi wel‡q mvnvex-ZvweqxMY †_‡K mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z e³e¨ welqK
Aby‡”Q`|... gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb (ivn) †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb G mKj we‡klY welqK nv`xm¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© e‡jb: G mKj nv`xm
wek¦¯— ivexMY eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AvgivI G¸‡jv eY©bv Kwi Ges G¸‡jv‡K mZ¨ e‡j MÖnY Kwi I wek¦vm Kwi| Avgiv G¸‡jvi
e¨vL¨v Kwi bv|Ó316
Bgvg kvwdqxi QvÎ ivex Beb myjvBgvb e‡jb:
‫ﺴﺄﻟت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋن ﺼﻔﺎت ﻤن ﺼﻔﺎت اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻘﺎل ﺤرام ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘول أن ﺘﻤﺜل اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوﻫﺎم أن ﺘﺤدﻩ وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟظﻨون أن ﺘﻘطﻊ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻔوس أن ﺘﻔﻛر وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺌر أن ﺘﻌﻤق وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨواطر أن ﺘﺤﯿط وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘول أن ﺘﻌﻘل إﻻ ﻤﺎ وﺼف ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺒﻪ أو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎن ﻨﺒﯿﻪ‬
ÒAvwg kvwdqx‡K gnvb Avjvni we‡klYvw` m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kwi| wZwb e‡jb: gnvb Avjvni Zzjbv ev bgybv ¯’vcb gvbexq
Áv‡bi Rb¨ nvivg, Zuv‡K mxgvwqZ Kiv gvbexq Kíbvi Rb¨ nvivg, G wel‡q wbðqZv †Ìqv gvbexq aviYvi Rb¨ nvivg, G wb‡q
wPš—v Kiv gvbe cÖe„wËi Rb¨ nvivg, Gi Mfx‡i hvIq gvbe Aš—‡ii Rb¨ nvivg Ges me ey‡S †djvi †Póv Kiv gvbexq eyw×i Rb¨
nvivg| gnvb Avjvn Zuvi MÖ‡š’ ev Zuvi ivm~j -Gi Revbx‡Z Zuvi wb‡Ri wel‡q hv wKQz D‡jL K‡i wb‡R‡K we‡kwlZ K‡i‡Qb Zv
wek¦vm Kiv Qvov AwZwi³ wKQzB Kiv êa bq|Ó 317
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Bgvg kvwdqxi Ab¨ QvÎ BDbym Beb Avãyj AvÕjv e‡jb:

،‫ ﷲ أﺴﻤﺎء وﺼﻔﺎت ﺠﺎء ﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺒﻪ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬- ‫ وﻗد ﺴﺌل ﻋن ﺼﻔﺎت اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ وﻤﺎ ﯿؤﻤن ﺒﻪ‬-‫ﺴﻤﻌت أﺒﺎ ﻋﺒد اﷲ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﯿﻘول‬
‫ ﻓﺈن ﺨﺎﻟف‬،‫ اﻟﻘول ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ وﺼﺢ ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ‬،‫ ﻻن اﻟﻘرآن ﻨزل ﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻻ ﯿﺴﻊ أﺤدا ﻗﺎﻤت ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺤﺠﺔ ردﻫﺎ‬،‫ أﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫وأﺨﺒر ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺒﯿﻪ‬
‫ وﻻ‬،‫ وﻻ ﺒﺎﻟروﯿﺔ واﻟﻔﻛر‬،‫ ﻷن ﻋﻠم ذﻟك ﻻ ﯿدرك ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘل‬،‫ ﻓﻤﻌذور ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻬل‬،‫ ﻓﺄﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺜﺒوت اﻟﺤﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﻓﻬو ﻛﺎﻓر‬،‫ذﻟك ﺒﻌد ﺜﺒوت اﻟﺤﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬
‫ )ﻟﯿس ﻛﻤﺜﻠﻪ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺎﻩ ﻋن ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬،‫ وﻨﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺸﺒﯿﻪ‬،‫ وﻨﺜﺒت ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬،‫ﻨﻛﻔر ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻬل ﺒﻬﺎ أﺤدا إﻻ ﺒﻌد اﻨﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﺨﺒر إﻟﯿﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
.(‫ﺸﺊ وﻫو اﻟﺴﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺒﺼﯿر‬
ÒAve~ Avãyjvn kvwdqx‡K gnvb Avjvni we‡klY m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiv n‡jv| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb: Avjvni bvgmg~n Ges
we‡klYmg~n i‡q‡Q| KziAv‡b †m¸wji D‡jL i‡q‡Q Ges ivm~jyjvn () D¤§vZ‡K Zv Rvwb‡q‡Qb| hvi Kv‡Q Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q
Zvi Rb¨ Zv A¯^xKvi Kivi my‡hvM †bB| KviY KziAv‡b Zv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q Ges ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h,
wZwb G¸wj e‡j‡Qb| hw` †KD Zvi Kv‡Q welq¸‡jv cÖgvwYZ nIqvi c‡iI we‡ivwaZv K‡i Z‡e †m e¨w³ Kvwdi| Z‡e hw` †KD
Zv Zvi wbKU cÖgvwYZ nIqvi c~‡e© we‡ivwaZv K‡i Z‡e †m e¨w³ AÁZvi Kvi‡Y IRi-Ae¨vnwZi †hvM¨ (excusable,
forgivable)| KviY G welqK Ávb gvbexq eyw×-we‡eK, hyw³, M‡elYv I wPš—vfvebvi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv hvq bv| Kv‡RB Kv‡iv
wbKU G welqK KziAvb-nv`x‡mi msev` †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡M G welqK AÁZvi Kvi‡Y Avgiv KvD‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ Kwi bv|
Avgiv G mKj we‡klY cÖgvY I wek¦vm Kwi Ges G¸wj †_‡K Zzjbv evwZj I A¯^xKvi Kwi| KviY gnvb Avjvn wb‡RB wb‡Ri
Zzjbxq nIqvi welqwU evwZj K‡i e‡j‡Qb318: Ò†Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq; wZwb me©‡kªvZv me©`ªóvÓ| 319
Bgvg kvwdqxi Ab¨ QvÎ Ave~ mvIi e‡jb, Bgvg kvwdqx e‡jb:
‫ي وﻤﺎﻟك‬ّ ‫ ﺴﻔﯿﺎن اﻟﺜّور‬:‫أﺨذت ﻋﻨﻬم ـ ﻤﺜل‬
ُ ‫أﯿت أﺼﺤﺎﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ أﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻟذﯿن رأﯿﺘُﻬم و‬
ُ ‫ ور‬،‫اﻟﻘول ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴّﱡﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وردت وأﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ‬
‫أن‬
ّ ‫ و‬،‫ ﯿﻘرب ﻤن ﺨﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﯿف ﺸﺎء‬،‫أن اﷲ ـ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ـ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋرﺸﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻤﺎﺌﻪ‬ ّ ‫ و‬،‫ﻤﺤﻤ ًدا رﺴول اﷲ‬
ّ ‫أن‬ّ ‫ اﻹﻗرار ﺒﺸﻬﺎدة أن ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ اﷲ و‬: ‫وﻏﯿرﻫﻤﺎ ـ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟ ﱡدﻨﯿﺎ ﻛﯿف ﺸﺎء‬
ّ ‫اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﯿﻨزل إﻟﻰ‬
Òmywdqvb mvIix, gvwjK I Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj gynvwÏm‡K Avgiv †`‡LwQ Ges Zuv‡ì †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY K‡iwQ, Avgv‡ì †m
me mv_x Ges Avwg †h mybœvZ AvKx`vi Dci i‡qwQ Zv n‡jv Giƒc mvÿ¨ †Ìqv †h, Avjøvn Qvov †Kv‡bv gve~` †bB, Ges gynv¤§v`
() Avjøvni ivm~j, Ges gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi Avi‡ki Dc‡i Zuvi Avmgv‡bi E‡aŸ©, wZwb †hfv‡e B”Qv K‡ib †mfv‡e ev›`vi
wbKUeZ©x nb Ges wZwb †hfv‡e B”Qv K‡ib †mfv‡e cÖ_g Avmgv‡b AeZiY K‡ib|Ó 320
gnvb Avjvni we‡klY wel‡q Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji g~jbxwZ I AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Zuvi QvÎ Ave~ evKi Lvjvj
e‡jb:
‫وﻟﯿس ﻤﻌﻨﻰ وﺠﻪ‬.... ‫ أن ﷲ ﻋز وﺠل وﺠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻛﺎﻟﺼور اﻟﻤﺼورة واﻷﻋﯿﺎن اﻟﻤﺨططﺔ ﺒل وﺠﻬﻪ وﺼﻔﻪ‬..‫ أﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺤﻨﺒل‬.. ‫وﻤذﻫب‬
‫ وﻛﺎن ﯿﻘول إن ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﯿدان وﻫﻤﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ذاﺘﻪ ﻟﯿﺴﺘﺎ ﺒﺠﺎرﺤﺘﯿن وﻟﯿﺴﺘﺎ‬.‫ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺠﺴد ﻋﻨدﻩ وﻻ ﺼورة وﻻ ﺘﺨطﯿط وﻤن ﻗﺎل ذﻟك ﻓﻘد اﺒﺘدع‬
‫ﺒﻤرﻛﺒﺘﯿن وﻻ ﺠﺴم وﻻ ﺠﻨس ﻤن اﻷﺠﺴﺎم وﻻ ﻤن ﺠﻨس اﻟﻤﺤدود واﻟﺘرﻛﯿب واﻷﺒﻌﺎض واﻟﺠوارح وﻻ ﯿﻘﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﻻ ﻤرﻓق وﻻ ﻋﻀد وﻻ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ‬
‫ وذﻫب أﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺤﻨﺒل‬... ‫ﯿﻘﺘﻀﻲ ذﻟك ﻤن إطﻼق ﻗوﻟﻬم ﯿد إﻻ ﻤﺎ ﻨطق اﻟﻘرآن ﺒﻪ أو ﺼﺤت ﻋن رﺴول اﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺴﻠم اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﯿﻪ‬
‫ واﻟﻐﻀب واﻟرﻀﻰ ﺼﻔﺘﺎن ﻟﻪ ﻤن ﺼﻔﺎت ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻟم ﯿزل اﷲ‬... ‫رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ إﻟﻰ أن اﷲ ﻋز وﺠل ﯿﻐﻀب وﯿرﻀﻰ وأن ﻟﻪ ﻏﻀب ورﻀﻰ‬
‫ وأﻨﻛر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن‬.‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻏﺎﻀﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒق ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ أﻨﻪ ﯿﻛون ﻤﻤن ﯿﻌﺼﯿﻪ وﻟم ﯿزل راﻀﯿﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒق ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ أﻨﻪ ﯿﻛون ﻤﻤﺎ ﯿرﻀﯿﻪ‬
‫ﯿﻘول ﺒﺎﻟﺠﺴم وﻗﺎل إن اﻷﺴﻤﺎء ﻤﺄﺨوذة ﺒﺎﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ واﻟﻠﻐﺔ وأﻫل اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﻀﻌوا ﻫذا اﻷﺴم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ذي طول وﻋرض وﺴﻤك وﺘرﻛﯿب وﺼورة‬
‫وﺘﺄﻟﯿف واﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺨﺎرج ﻋن ذﻟك ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻠم ﯿﺠز أن ﯿﺴﻤﻰ ﺠﺴﻤﺎ ﻟﺨروﺠﻪ ﻋن ﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﺔ وﻟم ﯿﺠﺊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ ذﻟك ﻓﺒطل‬
ÒAvng` Beb nv¤^v‡ji gvhnve GB †h, gnvb Avjvni GKwU ÔIqvRnÕ ev gyLgÊj Av‡Q| Zuvi gyLgÊj cÖwZ”Qwe ev AvK…wZ
bq Ges AvuKv‡bv e¯‘i gZI bq| eis gyLgÊj Zuvi GKwU gnvb we‡klY| ... Zuvi g‡Z gyLgÊj A_© †`n, Qwe ev AvK…wZ bq|
hw` †KD Zv e‡j Zvn‡j †m weÀvZx| wZwb ej‡Zb: gnvb Avjvni `ywU n¯— we`¨gvb| G`ywU Zuvi mË¡vi we‡klY| n¯—Øq A½-
cÖZ¨½ bq, †`‡ni Ask bq, †`n bq, †`n RvZxq wKQz bq, mxgv, ms‡hvRb, A½-cÖZ¨½ RvZxq wKQzB bq| G wel‡q wKqvm-hyw³
APj| G‡Z KbyB, evû BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv wKQzi Aw¯—Z¡ Kíbvi my‡hvM †bB| KziAvb I nv`x‡m hZUzKz ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi AwZwi³
gvby‡li eënvi †_‡K wKQz ms‡hvRb Kiv hv‡e bv| .... Avng` (ivn) ej‡Zb, Avjvn †µvavwš^Z nb Ges mš‘ó nb| Zuvi †µva
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Ges mš‘wó Av‡Q| ... Zuvi †µva I mš‘wó Zuvi mËvi we‡klY¸wji g‡a¨ `ywU we‡klY| wZwb Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Zuvi
Abvw`-Abš— Áv‡b hv‡ì‡K Aeva¨ e‡j Rv‡bb Zv‡ì cÖwZ †µvavwš^Z i‡q‡Qb Ges Zuvi Abvw` Abš— Áv‡b hv‡ì‡K AbyMZ
e‡j Rv‡bb Zv‡ì cÖwZ wZwb mš‘ó i‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjvn‡K hviv †`nwewkó e‡j `vwe K‡ib wZwb Zv‡ì K_v A¯^xKvi I
cÖwZev` K‡ib| KviY bvg †Zv kixqvn Ges fvlvi eënvi †_‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| fvlvi eënv‡i †`n ej‡Z MwÊ, mxgv,
ˆ`N©, cÖ¯’, MfxiZv, Ask, AvK…wZ I ms‡hvRb BZ¨vwì mgvnvi eySv‡bv nq| gnvb Avjvn Gi mewKQzi E‡aŸ©| kixqv‡ZI
gnvb Avjvn‡K G we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ Kiv nq wb| Kv‡RB gnvb Avjvni †`n Av‡Q ev wZwb †`nwewkó Giƒc K_v
evwZj|Ó 321
Bgvg Avng‡ì cyÎ nv¤^vj e‡jb:
،"‫ و "أن اﷲ ُﯿرى‬،"‫ "إن اﷲ ﺘﺒﺎرك وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﯿﻨزل ﻛل ﻟﯿﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟدﻨﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺴﺄﻟت أﺒﺎ ﻋﺒداﷲ ﻋن اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘروى‬
‫ وﻻ ﻛﯿف وﻻ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬،‫ ﻨؤﻤن ﺒﻬﺎ وﻨﺼدق ﺒﻬﺎ‬:‫ وﻤﺎ أﺸﺒﻬﻪ؟ ﻓﻘﺎل أﺒو ﻋﺒداﷲ‬،"‫و "إن اﷲ ﯿﻀﻊ ﻗدﻤﻪ‬
Òwewfbœ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, gnvb Avjvn cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡Z wbKUeZ©x Avmgv‡b AeZiY K‡ib, gnvb Avjvn‡K †`Lv hv‡e,
gnvb Avjvn Zuvi c` ¯’vcb K‡ib, BZ¨vw`| G ai‡bi nv`xm¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Avwg Avgvi wcZv‡K cÖkœ Kijvg| wZwb e‡jb: Avgiv
G¸‡jv wek¦vm Kwi, mZ¨ e‡j MÖnY Kwi, †Kv‡bv ÔwKfv‡eÕ †bB Ges †Kv‡bv A_© †bB (¯îƒc mÜvb ev A_© mÜvb e¨wZ‡i‡K)|Ó322
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg wZiwghxi e³e¨ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| GKwU mnxn nv`x‡m ivm~j~jvn  wKqvgZ wè‡mi eY©bvq wewfbœfv‡e
gnvb Avjvni `k©b, Rvnvbœv‡g Zuvi c` ¯’vc‡bi d‡j Rvnvbœv‡gi msKzwPZ nIqv BZ¨vw` welq D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg
wZiwghx nv`xmwU D×„Z K‡i e‡jb:
‫ وذﻛر اﻟﻘدم وﻤﺎ أﺸﺒﻪ ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺸﯿﺎء واﻟﻤذﻫب ﻓﻲ ﻫذا‬...‫ رواﯿﺎت ﻛﺜﯿرة ﻤﺜل ﻫذا ﻤﺎ ﯿذﻛر ﻓﯿﻪ أﻤر اﻟرؤﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻗد روي ﻋن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨد أﻫل اﻟﻌﻠم ﻤن اﻷﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺴﻔﯿﺎن اﻟﺜوري وﻤﺎﻟك ﺒن أﻨس واﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك واﺒن ﻋﯿﯿﻨﺔ ووﻛﯿﻊ وﻏﯿرﻫم أﻨﻬم رووا ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺸﯿﺎء ﺜم‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟوا ﺘروى ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺤﺎدﯿث وﻨؤﻤن ﺒﻬﺎ وﻻ ﯿﻘﺎل ﻛﯿف؟ وﻫذا اﻟذي اﺨﺘﺎرﻩ أﻫل اﻟﺤدﯿث أن ﺘروى ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺸﯿﺎء ﻛﻤﺎ ﺠﺎءت وﯿؤﻤن ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫وﻻ ﺘﻔﺴر وﻻ ﺘﺘوﻫم وﻻ ﯿﻘﺎل ﻛﯿف وﻫذا أﻤر أﻫل اﻟﻌﻠم اﻟذي أﺨﺘﺎروﻩ وذﻫﺒوا إﻟﯿﻪ‬
Òivm~jyjvn  †_‡K Giƒc A‡bK nv`xm ewY©Z, †h¸‡jv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, gvby‡liv Zv‡ì ie‡K †`L‡e, gnvb Avjvni
cv‡qi K_v Ges G RvZxq welqvw` D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q mywdqvb mvIix, gvwjK Beb Avbvm, Bebyj gyevivK, Beb
DÔAvBbv, IKx I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg I Avwj‡gi gvhnve G-B †h, Zuviv G¸‡jv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Gici e‡j‡Qb †h, G mKj nv`xm
Gfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡e Ges Avgiv G¸‡jv wek¦vm Kwi| G wel‡q ÔKvBdvÕ: wKiƒ‡c ev wKfv‡e ejv hv‡e bv| Gfv‡e gynvwÏmM‡Yi
gZ G-B †h, G mKj welq †hfv‡e G‡m‡Q †mfv‡eB eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G¸‡jv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v
Kiv hv‡e bv, †Kv‡bv Kíbv Kiv hv‡e bv Ges GK_vI ejv hv‡e bv †h, wKiƒ‡c ev wKfv‡e? AvwjgMY G gZwUB MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges
GwUB Zuv‡ì gvhnve|Ó323
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v, Zzjbv I ¯îƒcmÜvb e¨wZ‡i‡K evwn¨K A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv Ges
G A‡_©i nv`xm¸‡jv AvÿwiKfv‡e eY©bv Kivi wel‡q mvjvd mvwjnxb HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk KL‡bv KL‡bv Zuv‡ì
†KD †KD `y-GKwU Avqv‡Zi mnR‡eva¨ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| †hgb gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ ‫ﱡﺠ‬
‫ون‬
َ ‫ﯿﻌ‬
ُ ‫ود َﻓﻼ َﯿ ْﺴﺘَط‬ ُ ‫ق َوُﯿ ْد َﻋ ْو َن ِإَﻟﻰ اﻟﺴ‬
ٍ ‫ف َﻋ ْن َﺴﺎ‬
ُ ‫َﯿ ْوَم ُﯿ ْﻛ َﺸ‬
¯§iY Ki“b, †m w`‡bi K_v †hw`b cv‡qi †MvQv D‡b¥vwPZ n‡e, †mw`b Zv‡ì‡K WvKv n‡e mvR&`v Kivi Rb¨, wKš‘ Zviv
m¶g n‡e bv|Ó324
GLv‡b Ôcv‡qi †MvQvÕi e¨vL¨vq Beb AveŸvm (iv) e‡j‡Qb †h, G Øviv KvwVb¨ eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, A_©vr †hw`b KvwVb¨ D‡b¥vwPZ
n‡e| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﯿرﯿد اﻟﻘﯿﺎﻤﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﺸ ﱠدﺘﻬﺎ‬
325
ÒwKqvgZ wèm I cybiæÌvb eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zvi KvwV‡bï Kvi‡Y|Ó
wKqvgZ wè‡mi eY©bvq gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ﺼﻔ�ﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺼﻔ�ﺎ‬
َ ‫ك‬
ُ َ‫ﱡك َواْﻟ َﻤﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺎء َرﺒ‬
َ ‫َو َﺠ‬
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ÒGes AvMgb Ki‡jb Avcbvi ie I wdwikZvMY KvZv‡i KvZv‡i|Ó 326

Bgvg Beb Kvmxi e‡jb:
‫ وﻫذا إﺴﻨﺎد ﻻ ﻏﺒﺎر‬:‫ ﺜم ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﯿﻬﻘﻲ‬.‫ )وﺠﺎء رﺒك( أﻨﻪ ﺠﺎء ﺜواﺒﻪ‬:‫ ﻋن ﺤﻨﺒل أن أﺤﻤد ﺒن ﺤﻨﺒل ﺘﺄول ﻗول اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬... ‫روى اﻟﺒﯿﻬﻘﻲ‬
.‫ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬
ÒevBnvKx Zuvi mb‡` nv¤^vj †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, Bgvg Avng` ÔAvMgb Ki‡jb Avcbvi cÖwZcvjKÕ K_vwUi e¨vL¨vq
e‡j‡Qb: ÔAvMgb Kij Zuvi cyi¯‹viÕ| Gici evBnvKx e‡jb: eY©bvwUi mb‡` †Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB|Ó 327
gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ٍ ِ ﱠ‬
ُ‫ُﻛ ﱡل َﺸ ْﻲء َﻫﺎﻟ ٌك إِﻻ َو ْﺠﻬَﻪ‬
ÒmKj e¯‘B aŸsm n‡e ïay gnvb Avjøvni gyLgÐj e¨ZxZ|Ó 328
G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg eyLvix e‡jb:
‫إﻻ ﻤﻠﻛﻪ وﯿﻘﺎل إﻻ ﻤﺎ أرﯿد ﺒﻪ وﺠﻪ اﷲ‬
Òïay gnvb Avjøvni ivRZ¡ e¨ZxZ| ejv nq: ïay gnvb Avjøvni gyLgÐ‡ji (mš‘wói) Rb¨ cvwjZ Kg© e¨ZxZ|Ó 329
gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v I Zzjbvgy³fv‡e MÖn‡Yi wel‡q mvjvd mvwjnxb †_‡K ewY©Z AmsL¨ wb‡`©kbvi
cvkvcvwk Giƒc wew”Qbœ `y-GKwU e¨vL¨v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ZuvivI Ab¨Î we‡klY e¨vL¨vi K‡Vvi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ cieZ©x
cÖR‡b¥i AvwjgMY G e³e¨¸‡jv‡K we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨vi AbygwZ e‡j MY¨ K‡ib wb; eis wbw`©ó GKwU Avqv‡Zi †ÿ‡Î Zuv‡ì
e¨vL¨v e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk we‡klY welqK AvqvZ I nv`xm¸‡jv e¨vL¨vgy³, Zzjbvgy³ I ¯îƒc AbymÜvbgy³fv‡e mij
A‡_© wek¦vm I eY©bv Kivi wel‡q Zuv‡ì BRgv ev HKgZ¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Zuviv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdvi Ab¨Zg QvÎ Bgvg gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb kvBevbx, Bgvg wZiwghx, Bgvg Beb LyhvBgv I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg G BRgvi
K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
G BRgvi Kvi‡YB cÖwm× AvkAvix Kvjvgwe` Bgvgyj nvivgvBb Aveyj gvAvjx RyIqvBbx (478 wn) AvkAvix
gZev‡ì cÖwm× gZ Z¨vM K‡i mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi gZ MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Avi-wimvjvn Avb-wbhvwgq¨vn MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫واﻟذي ﻨرﺘﻀﯿﻪ رأﯿﺎ وﻨدﯿن اﷲ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻘﯿدة اﺘﺒﺎع ﺴﻠف اﻷﻤﺔ ﻟﻠدﻟﯿل اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ان إﺠﻤﺎع اﻷﻤﺔ ﺤﺠﺔ ﻓﻠو ﻛﺎن ﺘﺄوﯿل ﻫذﻩ اﻟظواﻫر‬
‫ﺤﺘﻤﺎ ﻷوﺸك أن ﯿﻛون اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬم ﺒﻪ ﻓوق اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬم ﺒﻔروع اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ ٕواذا اﻨﺼرم ﻋﺼر اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻀراب ﻋن اﻟﺘﺄوﯿل‬
‫ﻛﺎن ذﻟك ﻫو اﻟوﺠﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻊ‬
ÒAvgiv †h gZwU MÖnY KiwQ Ges †h AvKx`v MÖnY K‡i gnvb Avjøvni wbKU AvZ¥mgc©b KiwQ Zv n‡jv D¤§v‡Zi
mvjd mvwjnx‡bi AbymiY| KviY D¤§v‡Zi BRgv ev HKgZ¨ GKwU mywbwðZ `jxj| hw` G mKj evwn¨K we‡klY¸‡jvi
e¨vL¨v Kiv Riæix n‡Zv Z‡e wbtm‡›`‡n kixq‡Zi wdKnx gvmAvjv¸‡jv e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kivi †P‡q Cgvb-AvKx`v welqK G
mKj AvqvZ-nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vi wel‡q Zuviv A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| A_P †Kv‡bviƒc e¨vL¨v QvovB mvnvex I
ZvweqxM‡Yi hyM AwZµvšÍ n‡q †Mj| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h, e¨vL¨vgy³ wek¦v‡mi G gZwUB AbymiY‡hvM¨ AvKx`v|Ó 330
Bgvgyj nvivgvB‡bi Dc‡ii e³e¨wU D×…Z K‡i beg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm I kvwdqx dKxn Avjøvgv nvwdh
Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb:
‫ﻓﻛﯿف ﻻ ﯿوﺜق ﺒﻤﺎ اﺘﻔق ﻋﻠﯿﻪ أﻫل اﻟﻘرون اﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ وﻫم ﺨﯿر اﻟﻘرون ﺒﺸﻬﺎدة ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟﺸرﯿﻌﺔ‬
Òivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi mvÿ¨ Abymv‡i cÖ_g wZb cÖR‡b¥i gvby‡livB D¤§‡Zi m‡e©vËg gvbyl| Zuviv †h wel‡q GKgZ
n‡q‡Qb †m wel‡qi Dci wbf©i bv Kivi †Kv‡bvB KviY †bB|Ó 331
mvjd mvwjnx‡bi G mKj e³e¨ †_‡K Av‡iv ¯úó †h, Zuviv GKgvÎ Inx ev KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡KB AvKx`vi Drm
I wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| AvKx`v wel‡q Inxi evB‡i wKQz ej‡ZB Zuviv ivwR wQ‡jb bv|
Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki ïi“‡Z AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvgyb (ivRZ¡ 198-218 wn) gyZvwhjx ag©wek¦vm MÖnY K‡ib Ges G‡K ivóªag©
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, gyZvwhjx AvKx`vi Ab¨Zg welq ÒKziAvb m„ó ev gvLj~KÓ e‡j wek¦vm Kiv Ges
AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvni `k©b A¯^xKvi Kiv| `ywU welqB gnvb Avjøvni gh©v`v I AZzjbxqZ¡ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zviv `vwe K‡ib| Zv‡ì
g‡Z K_v ejv, Avi‡k Dc‡i _vKv BZ¨vw` K‡g©i Rb¨ A½-cÖZ¨‡½i cÖ‡qvRb nq, gnvb Avjøvni †ÿ‡Î Giƒc gvbexq ¸Y Av‡ivc
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Kiv Kzdi| Abyiƒcfv‡e Zv‡ì g‡Z gnvb Avjøvn wbivKvi| Zuv‡K †`Lv hv‡e e‡j wek¦vm Kivi A_©B †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
fv‡e Zuvi AvK…wZ `vwe Kiv| Avi gnvb Avjøvni AvK…wZ Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Kiv Kzdix| Zv‡ì `vweK…Z G Kzdix †_‡K gymwjg‡ì
euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ Ljxdv gvgyb Ges cieZ©x `yRb Ljxdv gyÕZvwmg (218-227 wn) I IqvwmK (228-232 wn) G AvKx`v MÖn‡Yi Rb¨
mKj gymwjg‡K wb‡`©k †`b| G gZ MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix Avwjg‡ì‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i AeY©bxq wbh©vZb Kiv nq|
K‡qKRb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| cÖvq 30 erm‡ii G Kzdix gZv`‡k©i kvmb I AZ¨vPv‡ii mg‡q Avnjym mybœvn Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi
AvwjgM‡Yi Ab¨Zg †bZv wQ‡jb Bgvg Avngv` Beb nv¤^vj (164-241 wn)|
Bgvg Avng`‡K KvivMv‡ii g‡a¨ Ljxdv gyÕZvwm‡gi m¤§y‡L wbg©gfv‡e wbh©vZb Kiv nq| wePvicwZ Avng` Beb Avex
`yAv` I Ab¨vb¨ gyZvwhjx cwÐZ Ljxdvi mvg‡b Bgvg Avng‡ì mv‡_ weZ©K K‡ib| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K evieviB e‡jb Avcbviv †h
AvKx`v `vwe Ki‡Qb Zvi c‡ÿ KziAvb ev nv`xm †_‡K AšÍZ GKwU e³e¨ cÖ`vb Kiæb| KziAvb, nv`xm ev mvnvexM‡Yi e³e¨
†_‡K GKwU my¯úó e³e¨ cÖ`vb Kiæb hv‡Z ejv nq‡Q: KziAvb m„ó, AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvn‡K †`Lv hv‡e bv A_ev gnvb Avjøvni
we‡klY welqK e³e¨¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk¨ A‡_© MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv|
gyZvwhjxMY wewfbœ AvKjx cÖgvY †ck K‡ib| Bgvg Avng` †m¸‡jv LÐb K‡ib Ges KziAvb ev nv`x‡mi my¯úó e³e¨
†ck Kivi `vwe‡Z AUj _v‡Kb| ZLb wePvicwZ Avng` Beb Avex `yAv` e‡jb: †n Avgxiæj gywgbxb, G e¨w³ GKRb gykwiK|
G‡K nZ¨v Kiæb| Gi i‡³i `vq Avwg enb Kie| G mg‡q Zuv‡K wbg©gfv‡e †eÎvNvZ Kiv nq| ÿZ-weÿZ Aa©g„Z Bgvg
Avng`‡K Ljxdv e‡jb, Avcbv‡K Avwg kÖ×v Kwi, Avcwb D¤§v‡Zi Ab¨Zg †kÖô Avwjg I dKxn| Avcwb ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi weiæ‡×
K_v e‡jb Ges Avgvi AvbyM‡Zï Rb¨ RbMY‡K wb‡`©kbv †`b| Avwg Avgvi cyÎ nviƒb-Gi Rb¨ †hiƒc ggZv Abyfe Kwi
Avcbvi RbÏ Abyiƒc ggZv Abyfe Kwi| Z‡e KziAvb Avjøvni Abvw` evYx, AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvn‡K †`Lv hv‡e BZ¨vw` Kzdix gZev`
cwiZ¨vM bv Ki‡j Avcbv‡K Avwg nZ¨v Ki‡Z eva¨ ne| Avcwb Ggb wKQz ejyb †h, Avwg Avcbv‡K †Q‡o w`‡Z cvwi| Avwg wb‡R
nv‡Z Avcbvi euvab Ly‡j †è| Aa©g„Z Bgvg Avng` evievi ej‡Z _v‡Kb:
.‫أﻋطوﻨﻲ ﺸﯿﺌﺎ ﻤن ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ وﺴﻨﺔ رﺴوﻟﻪ‬
332
ÒAvgv‡K Avjøvni wKZve I Zuvi ivm~‡ji mybœvZ †_‡K wKQz cÖ`vb Kiæb|Ó
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx hy‡Mi mKj Bgvg GKgZ n‡q‡Qb †h, AvKx`vi g~j
m~Î, wfwË I `jxj Inx| Inxi e³e¨ mij I cÖKvk¨ A‡_© MÖnY Kiv, Inx hv e‡j‡Q Zv-B ejv Ges Inx‡Z hv ejv nq wb Zv
AvKx`vi AšÍf©y³ bv KivB Bmjvgx AvKx`vi g~jm~Î|
Avi GLv‡bB Avnjym mybœvn I Avnjyj weÀv‡Zi cv_©K¨| Avnjym mybœvn KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K ûeû wek¦vm I gvb¨
K‡ib| Zuviv ÔmybœvZÕ-Gi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv wKQz ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvRb Ki‡Z ivwR nb bv| cÿvšÍ‡i Avnjyj weÀvZ KziAvb ev
nv`x‡mi e³‡eï mv‡_ ms‡hvRb, we‡qvRb ev e¨vL¨v K‡i D³ ms‡hvRb ev e¨vL¨v‡KB `x‡bi g~j evwb‡q †`b| Dciš‘ hviv Inxi
e³e¨‡K ûeû MÖnY K‡ib Zuv‡ì‡K Kvwdi, weåvšÍ BZ¨vw` e‡j †kvi‡Mvj K‡ib Ges m¤¢e n‡j kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zuv‡ì KÉ ¯Íä
Ki‡Z m‡Pó nb| cÖwm× gyZvwhjx cwÐZ Avjøvgv hvgvLkvixi ÔKvk&kvdÕ bvgK Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi
weiæ‡× AvµgbvZ¥K e³e¨¸‡jv Aa¨qb Ki‡jB cvVK welqwU eyS‡Z cvi‡eb|
10. AvkÔAvix, gvZzwi`x I Ab¨vb¨ gZev`
10. 1. Kzjvweqv I AvkÔAvix gZev`
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi cÖvq GK kZvãx c‡i g~javivi AvwjgM‡Yi g‡a¨ PZz_© Av‡iKwU aviv Rb¥jvf K‡i| Zuviv ÔAvnjym
mybœvnÕ ev mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I BgvgM‡Yi g‡Zi aviK wQ‡jb| cvkvcvwk gyZvwhjx‡ì `k©bwfwËK gZev` LÊb Ki‡Z †h‡q
ZuvivI `k©b-cÖfvweZ n‡q c‡ob| Zuviv Avjvni wKQz we‡klY ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges wKQz we‡klY e¨vL¨v K‡ib| evn¨Z `k©‡bi
cÖfve Ges mvaviY gvby‡li gb †_‡K Zzjbvi aviYv AcmviY Ki‡ZB Zviv Giƒc e¨vL¨v K‡ib| D‡Ïk¨ gnr n‡jI µgvš^‡q
`k©b wbf©iZv I e¨vL¨v cÖeYZv evo‡Z _v‡K|
G avivi cÖeZ©K‡ì Ab¨Zg emivi mycÖwm× ÔBjg KvjvgÕ we‡klÁ Bgvg Beb Kzjve: Ave~ gynv¤§v` Avãyjvn Beb mvC`
Avj-KvËvb (241 wn)| gyZvwhjx‡ì cÖZv‡ci hy‡M gvgy‡bi ìev‡i wZwb Avnjym mybœv‡Zi c‡¶ weZ‡K© gyZvwhjx‡ì‡K civ¯—
K‡ib| wZwb gnvb Avjvni ÔhvZxÕ ev ÔmËxqÕ we‡klY¸‡jv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb| Z‡e wZwb gnvb Avjvni ÔwdjxÕ ev Kg© welqK
we‡klY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Zb| Beb Kzjv‡ei QvÎ Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb BmgvCj Avj-AvkAvix (324 wn) Zuvi gZ mg_©b
K‡ib Ges ÒAvkAvixÓ gZev‡ì Rb¥ nq|
10. 2. Bgvg Zvnvex I Bgvg gvZzwi`x
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, gyZvwhjxMY wdKnx wel‡q nvbvdx wdK‡ni Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges A‡bK nvbvdx dKxn †¯^”Qvq ev ivóªxq
`vwq‡Z¡i Rv‡j c‡o gyZvwhjxM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q‡Qb| GiciI g~javivi nvbvdx Bgvg I dKxnMY AvKx`vi wel‡q Bgvg Ave~
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nvbxdv e¨vL¨vK…Z Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`v AbymiY Ki‡Zb| cvkvcvwk µgvš^‡q Kzjvweqv I AvkAvix gZev‡ì
cÖfveI Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖmvwiZ nq| PZz_© wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a© Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvixi mgmvgwqK `yRb nvbvdx Bgvg
AvKx`vi wel‡q cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib:
(1) Ave~ Rvdi Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb mvjvgvn Zvnvex (321wn)
(2) Ave~ gvbm~i gynv¤§v` Beb gynv¤§v` Beb gvng~` gvZzwi`x (333 wn)
Giv `yRb mgmvgwqK n‡jI `yRb gymwjg we‡k¦i `y cÖv‡š— evm K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Zvnvex gymwjg we‡k¦i cwðg cÖv‡š—
wgm‡i Ges Bgvg gvZzwi`x gymwjg we‡k¦i c~e© cÖvš— mvgviKv‡›` emevm K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì `yR‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii mv¶vr
n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e Zuv‡ì mgmvgwqK Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix (324 wn)-Gi mv‡_ Zuv‡ì `yR‡bi
Kv‡iv mv¶vr n‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e AvKx`v e¨vL¨vi †¶‡Î Bgvg gvZzwi`x Bgvg Beb Kzjve I Bgvg AvkAvixi Bjg
Kvjvg wbf©i aviv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Zvnvex g~jZ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi `y m½xi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb|
cieZ©x hy‡M nvbvdx dKxnM‡Yi g‡a¨, we‡klZ BivK, Lyivmvb, mgiK›`, fviZ I gymwjg we‡k¦i c~e©w`‡Ki †`k¸‡jvi
nvbvdxM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvZzwi`x gZev` cÖmvi jvf K‡i| kvwdqx dKxnM‡Yi g‡a¨ AvkAvix gvhnve cÖmvi jvf K‡i|
10. 3. c~e©eZ©x‡ì mv‡_ cieZ©x‡ì êcixZ¨
Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wewfbœ w`‡K AvkAvix I gvZzwi`x gZev` mvnvex-Zvweqx I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`v
AbymiY I cÖwZôvq m‡Pó †_‡K‡Q| Z‡e LuywUbvwU wKQz wel‡qi cvkvcvwk `ywU wel‡q Pvi Bgvg I mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi g‡Zi
mv‡_ AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x g‡Zi êcixZ †`Lv hvq: (1) Inx-wbf©iZv ebvg ÔAvKjÕ-wbf©iZv Ges (2) gnvb Avjvni
we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v|
10. 3. 1. Inx-wbf©iZv ebvg AvKj-wbf©iZv
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Ômvjvd mvwjnxbÕ AvKx`v wel‡q Inx ev KziAvb-mybœv‡ni e³‡eï Dc‡i mvwe©Kfv‡e wbf©i Ki‡Zb|
cÿvšÍ‡i AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x g‡Zi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, AvKx`v cÖgv‡Yi †¶‡Î ÔAvKjx `jxjÕ ev gvbexq Ávb
I eyw×e„wËK hyw³B g~j| AvKjx `jxj GKxb ev wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i| cÿvšÍ‡i ÔbKjÕ ev KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨ GKxb
cÖ`vb K‡i bv| we‡klZ AvKx`v wel‡q Zv GKxb ev wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i bv| G cÖm‡½ AvkAvix gZev‡ì mycÖwm× cwÐZ I
kvwdqx dKxn Avjvgv Avãyi ivngvb Beb Avng` Avhy`yÏxb CRx (756) Ges mycÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn mvBwq` kixd Avjx Beb
gynv¤§v` RyiRvbx (816 wn) ÔAvj-gvIqvwKdÕ I Ôkviûj gvIqvwKdÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫ وﻫو ﻤذﻫب اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ وﺠﻤﻬور اﻷﺸﺎﻋرة‬،‫ ﻻ ﺘﻔﯿد‬:‫اﻟدﻻﺌل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻫل ﺘﻔﯿد اﻟﯿﻘﯿن ﺒﻤﺎ ﯿﺴﺘدل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻤن اﻟﻤطﺎﻟب أو ﻻ؟ ﻗﯿل‬
.... ‫ ﻓﻘد ﺘﺤﻘق أن دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ أي دﻻﻟﺔ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤدﻟوﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﯿﺘوﻗف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻤور ﻋﺸرة ظﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﻛون دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ أﯿﻀﺎ ظﻨﯿﺔ‬....‫ﻟﺘوﻗﻔﻪ‬
‫ٕواذا ﻛﺎﻨت دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ظﻨﯿﺔ ﻟم ﺘﻛن ﻤﻔﯿدة ﻟﻠﯿﻘﯿن ﺒﻤدﻟوﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻫذا ﻤﺎ ﻗﯿل واﻟﺤق أﻨﻬﺎ أي اﻟدﻻﺌل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻗد ﺘﻔﯿد اﻟﯿﻘﯿن أي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸرﻋﯿﺎت‬
‫ ﻨﻌم ﻓﻲ إﻓﺎدﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﯿﻘﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺎت ﻨظر‬،.... ‫ﺒﻘراﺌن‬
ÒbKjx `jxj ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ †h A‡_© cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck Kiv nq †m A‡_© Zv wbwðZ wek¦vm ev GKxb cÖ`vb
K‡i wK bv? ejv nq †h, Zv wbwðZ wek¦vm ev wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i bv| GwUB gyZvwhjxM‡Yi gZ Ges AvkAvix gZev‡ì
AwaKvsk Avwj‡gi gZ| KviY bKjx `jxj ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³‡eï A_© Abyaveb A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj| ....
Gfv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq †h, KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ Zvi cÖK…Z A‡_© eëüZ wK bv Zv Rvbvi Av‡M `kwU aviYv-wbf©i welq Rvb‡Z
nq| GRb¨ Inxi e³e¨ Abygvb ev aviYv cÖ`vbKvix gvÎ| .... Avi †h‡nZz Inxi e³e¨ aviYv cÖ`vbKvix Kv‡RB Inx Øviv Zvi
A‡_©i wel‡q GKxb ev wbwðZ wek¦vm AR©b Kiv hvq bv| Gfv‡eB G welqwU ejv nq| Z‡e mwVK welq (AvkAvix gZev‡ì
AímsL¨K Avwj‡gi gZ) n‡jv, KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ Avbylw½K cÖgvYvwì gva¨‡g wdKnx wel‡q KL‡bv KL‡bv wbwðZ Ávb
cÖ`vb Ki‡ZI cv‡i|... Z‡e AvKx`vi AvKjx wel‡q KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³‡eï GKxb ev wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`v‡bi wel‡q AvcwË
Av‡Q|Ó 333
Avjøvgv gynv¤§v` Avãyj Avhxh dvinvix (1239 wn) ÔwbeivmÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
،‫ ﻷن ﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻨص إﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻌرف ﺒﺎﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬:‫ﻗد ذﻫﺒت اﻷﺸﺎﻋرة إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻨص اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟف ﻟﻠدﻟﯿل اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻤﺼروف ﻋن اﻟظﺎﻫر‬
‫ ﺒل ذﻫب ﺠﻤﻬورﻫم إﻟﻰ أن‬.‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘل ﻫو أﺼل اﻟﻨﻘل ﻓﻼ ﯿدﻓﻊ اﻷﺼل ﺒﺎﻟﻔرع‬.‫وﻫو أﻨﻪ ﻛﻼم ﺼﺎﺤب اﻟﻤﻌﺠزة اﻟﻤﺼدوق ﻤن ﻋﻨد اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ وﻤﻊ ﻫذا ﻓﺎﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬،‫اﻟﻨﺼوص ﻻ ﺘﻔﯿد اﻟﻘطﻊ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻨﯿﻬﺎ أﺼﻼً؛ ﻷن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ واﻟﻨﺤو واﻟﺼرف إﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ اﻵﺤﺎد ﻛﺎﻷﺼﻤﻌﻲ واﻟﺨﻠﯿل وﺴﯿﺒوﯿﻪ‬
‫ ﻓﻼ‬،‫ وﻗد ﺘﻘدم اﻟﻘراﺌن ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻤراد ﻫذا اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ دون ذﻟك‬،‫ وﻟﻛن اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺨﻼﻓﻪ إذ ﻤن اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻨﻘل ﺒﺎﻟﺘواﺘر‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎز واﻻﺸﺘراك ﻗﺎﺌم‬
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.‫ﯿﻤﺘﻨﻊ أن ﯿﻔﯿد ﺒﻌض اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻘطﻊ‬
ÒAvkAvixM‡Yi gvhnve GB †h, AvKjx (Ávbe„wËK) `jx‡ji wecixZ Ôbm&mÕ A_©vr KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K Zvi cÖKvk¨
A‡_© MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv; eis Ab¨ A_© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³‡eï weï×Zv †Zv †KejgvÎ AvKjx `jxj
ØvivB cÖgvwYZ nq| AvKjB wb‡`©k K‡i †h, Avjvni c¶ †_‡K mZëv`x e‡j cÖgvwYZ gyÕwRhvi AwaKvix bexi K_v MÖnY Ki‡Z
n‡e| GRb¨ AvKjB n‡jv bKj ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `jx‡ji g~j wfwË| Kv‡RB †Kv‡bv kvLv ev wØZxq ch©v‡qi `jx‡ji Kvi‡Y
g~j ev cÖ_g ch©v‡qi `jxj‡K ev` †Ìqv hv‡e bv| Dciš‘ AvkAvixM‡Yi AwaKvs‡ki gZ GB †h, KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨¸‡jv
g~jZB Zv‡ì A‡_©i wel‡q wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i bv| KviY fvlv, kãZË¡ BZ¨vw` welq †Zv Avmgvqx, Ljxj, wmevIqvBwn cÖgyL
GKK e¨w³i eY©bv| GQvov fvlvi g‡a¨ iƒcK A_© I GKvwaK A_© MÖn‡Yi m¤¢vebv we`¨gvb| Z‡e Zv‡ì K_v cy‡iv mwVK bq|
KviY Aviex fvlvi g‡a¨ wKQz welq i‡q‡Q hv gyZvIqvwZifv‡e ewY©Z Ges cvwicvwk©K cÖgvY Øviv wbwðZ nIqv hvq †h, G k‡ãi
GwUB A_©| Kv‡RB KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e³e¨ Øviv wbwðZ Ávb jvf Am¤¢e bq|Ó334
10. 3. 2. gnvb Avjvni we‡klYmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Ave~ nvbxdv, gvwjK, kvwdqx, Avng` (ivwngvûgyjøvn) I cÖ_g wZb/Pvi cÖR‡b¥i gynvwÏm, dKxn I
eyR„M©MY KziAvb I nv`x‡m D‡jøLK…Z gnvb Avjøvni mKj we‡klY e¨vL¨v I Zzjbv e¨wZ‡i‡K mij A‡_© MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv wdKûj AvKevi, wdKûj AvemvZ, Iwmq¨vn I Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’ 21wU hvZx (mËxq) I wdÕjx (Kg©xq) wmdvZ cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb|
cÿvšÍ‡i AvkAvix I gvZzix`x gZev‡` Avjvni 7 ev 8 wU we‡klY‡K ¯^xKvi Kiv nq| †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc: (1) nvqvZ (‫ )اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ev
Rxeb, (2) KzìZ (‫ )اﻟﻘدرة‬ev ÿgZv, (3) Bjg (‫ )اﻟﻌﻠم‬ev Ávb, (4) Biv`v (‫ )اﻹرادة‬ev B”Qv, (5) mvgD (‫ )اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ev kÖeY, (6) evmvi
(‫ )اﻟﺒﺼر‬ev `k©b, (7) Kvjvg (‫ )اﻟﻛﻼم‬ev K_v, (8) ZvKexb (‫ )اﻟﺘﻛوﯿن‬ev ‰Zwi Kiv|335 P34F
ÔmywbwðZÕ, GKxbx ev AvKjx `jx‡ji mv‡_ mvsNwl©K nIqvi hyw³‡Z G we‡klY¸‡jv Qvov mKj we‡klY e¨vL¨v Kiv‡KB
AwaKvsk AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x Avwjg g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvni gyLgÐj, nvZ, Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb, AeZiY,
†µva, mš‘wó, fvjevmv, BZ¨vw` mKj we‡klYB Zviv iƒcK wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| D`vniY wn‡m‡e Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb
we‡klY wel‡q ÔAvj-gvIqvwKdÕ I Ôkviûj gvIqvwKdÕ MÖ‡š’i wb‡¤œi e³e¨ D×…Z Kiv hvq:
‫ﻻ ﺒد ﻤن اﻟﻌﻠم ﺒﻌدم اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ اﻟدال ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘﯿض ﻤﺎ دل ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﻲ إذ ﻟو وﺠد ذﻟك اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض ﻟﻘدم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻗطﻌﺎ ﺒﺄن ﯿؤول اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﻲ ﻋن ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ إﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺨر ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻪ ﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﻟرﺤﻤن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش اﺴﺘوى ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﯿدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻠوس وﻗد ﻋﺎرﻀﻪ‬
‫اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ اﻟدال ﻋﻠﻰ اﺴﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﻠوس ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﯿؤول اﻻﺴﺘواء ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﯿﻼء أو ﯿﺠﻌل اﻟﺠﻠوس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش ﻛﻨﺎﯿﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻤﻠك ٕواﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ وﺘﻘدﯿم اﻟﻨﻘل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘل ﺒﺄن ﯿﺤﻛم ﺒﺜﺒوت ﻤﺎ ﯿﻘﺘﻀﯿﻪ اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﻲ دون‬... ‫ﻗدم اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﻲ إذ ﻻ ﯿﻤﻛن اﻟﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﻘد ﺘﺤﻘق أن دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ أي دﻻﻟﺔ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬... ... ‫ﻤﺎ ﯿﻘﺘﻀﯿﻪ اﻟدﻟﯿل اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ إﺒطﺎل ﻟﻸﺼل ﺒﺎﻟﻔرع ﻓﺈن اﻟﻨﻘل ﻻ ﯿﻤﻛن إﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ إﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻘل‬
‫ ٕواذا ﻛﺎﻨت دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ظﻨﯿﺔ ﻟم ﺘﻛن ﻤﻔﯿدة ﻟﻠﯿﻘﯿن ﺒﻤدﻟوﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻫذا ﻤﺎ ﻗﯿل‬.... ‫ﻤدﻟوﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﯿﺘوﻗف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻤور ﻋﺸرة ظﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﻛون دﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ أﯿﻀﺎ ظﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﻨﻌم ﻓﻲ إﻓﺎدﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﯿﻘﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﯿﺎت ﻨظر‬،.... ‫واﻟﺤق أﻨﻬﺎ أي اﻟدﻻﺌل اﻟﻨﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﻗد ﺘﻔﯿد اﻟﯿﻘﯿن أي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸرﻋﯿﺎت ﺒﻘراﺌن‬
ÒbKjx `jxj (KziAvb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨) MÖnY Kivi c~‡e© Rvb‡Z n‡e †h, Inxi G e³e¨wUi wecixZ A_© cÖKvkK †Kv‡bv
AvKjx `jxj ev Ávbe„wËK cÖgvY we`¨gvb †bB| KviY hw` KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³‡eï wecix‡Z †Kv‡bv Ávbe„wËK cÖgvY we`¨gvb
_v‡K Z‡e wbwðZfv‡e Ávbe„wËK `jxjwU‡K Inxi e³‡eï Dc‡i AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ bKjx `jxj ev Inxi
e³e¨‡K Zvi A_© †_‡K Ab¨ A‡_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi D`vniY gnvb Avjøvni e³e¨: Ô`qvgq Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i AwawôZ
n‡q‡Qb|Õ G e³e¨ †_‡K Dc‡ekb cÖgvY nq| Avi Ávbe„wËK `jxj cÖgvY K‡i †h, gnvb Avjøvni Rb¨ Dc‡ekb Am¤¢e| Kv‡RB
GLv‡b BmwZIqv (Awaôvb) kãwUi e¨vL¨v n‡e AwaKvi Kiv ev `Lj Kiv| A_ev Avi‡ki Dci Dc‡ekb ej‡Z ivR‡Z¡i cÖwZ
Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz `ywU `jxj GK‡Î MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e bq †m‡nZz Inxi e³‡eï Dc‡i Ávbe„wËK `jxj‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z
n‡e| hw` Ávb I hyw³i `vwe‡K D‡cÿv K‡i Inxi e³e¨ MÖnY Kiv nq Z‡e Zv kvLv‡K MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ g~j‡K evwZj Kiv e‡j
MY¨ n‡e| KviY Inxi e³‡eï MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Ávbe„wËK `jxj Qvov cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv| ....Ó336
Zuviv Avj-gvIqvwKd I kviûj gvIqvwKd MÖ‡š’ Av‡iv e‡jb:
‫ اﻻﺴﺘدﻻل ﺒﺎﻟظواﻫر اﻟﻤوﻫﻤﺔ‬... ‫ وﺨﺼﺼوﻩ ﺒﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻔوق‬،‫ وﺨﺎﻟف ﻓﯿﻪ اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬....‫أﻨﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﯿس ﻓﻲ ﺠﻬﺔ وﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻛﺎن‬
‫ وﻗوﻟﻪ‬،‫ وﺤدﯿث اﻟﻨزول‬...‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺠﺴم ﻤن اﻵﯿﺎت واﻷﺤﺎدﯿث ﻨﺤو ﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﻟرﺤﻤن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش اﺴﺘوى وﺠﺎء رﺒك واﻟﻤﻠك ﺼﻔﺎ ﺼﻔﺎ‬
‫ واﻟﺠواب أﻨﻬﺎ ظواﻫر ظﻨﯿﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺎرض اﻟﯿﻘﯿﻨﯿﺎت وﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺎرض دﻟﯿﻼن وﺠب اﻟﻌﻤل‬... ،‫ﻟﻠﺨرﺴﺎء أﯿن اﷲ ﻓﺄﺸﺎرت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻓﻘرر‬
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‫ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ أﻤﻛن ﻓﺘؤول اﻟظواﻫر إﻤﺎ إﺠﻤﺎﻻ وﯿﻔوض ﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﷲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫو رأي ﻤن ﯿﻘف ﻋﻠﻰ إﻻ اﷲ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ أﻛﺜر اﻟﺴﻠف ﻛﻤﺎ روي‬
‫ﻋن أﺤﻤد اﻻﺴﺘواء ﻤﻌﻠوم واﻟﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﻤﺠﻬوﻟﺔ واﻟﺒﺤث ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒدﻋﺔ وأﻤﺎ ﺘﻔﺼﯿﻼ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫو رأي طﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻓﻨﻘول اﻻﺴﺘواء اﻻﺴﺘﯿﻼء ﻨﺤو ﻗد‬
... ‫ واﻟﻨزول ﻤﺤﻤول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠطف واﻟرﺤﻤﺔ‬...‫اﺴﺘوى ﻋﻤرو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌراق‬
Ògnvb Avjøvn †Kv‡bv w`‡K ev ¯’v‡b bb| ... gykvweŸnv ev ZzjbvKvix wdiKv G wel‡q gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| EaŸ© w`K ev
¯’vb‡K Zviv Zuvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó K‡i‡Qb|... Zv‡ì c‡ÿ `wjj wn‡m‡e KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wKQz e³e¨- AvqvZ I nv`xm- †ck Kiv
nq †h¸‡jv †_‡K evn¨Z aviYv nq †h, gnvb Avjøvn †`navix| †hgb gnvb Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb: Ò`qvgq Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôvb
MÖnY K‡i‡QbÓ, ÒAvMgb Ki‡jb Avcbvi ie Ges wdwikZvMY KvZv‡i KvZv‡iÓ337, .... gnvb Avjøvni cÖ_g Avmgv‡b AeZiY
welqK nv`xm, Ab¨ nv`x‡m ivm~jyjøvn () evKkw³nxb gwnjv‡K e‡jb: Avjøvn †Kv_vq? ZLb gwnjv AvKv‡ki w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
ivm~jyjøvn () Zvi Bw½Z †g‡b †bb|... G mKj AvqvZ I nv`x‡mi DËi GB †h, G¸‡jv meB ÔhvbœxÕ ev aviYv cÖ`vbKvix
(A¯úó) evwn¨K e³e¨ (G¸‡jv GKxb ev wbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i bv) Kv‡RB G¸‡jv‡K GKxbx cÖgvY¸‡jvi wecix‡Z †ck Kiv
hv‡e bv| Avi hLb `y‡Uv `jxj ci¯úi we‡ivax nq ZLb h_vm¤¢e Df‡qi g‡a¨ mgš^q K‡i Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ KziAvb I
nv`x‡mi G mKj evwn¨K e³e¨ GRgvwjfv‡e ev we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv welqwU‡K Avjøvni Dci †Q‡o †`b Zv‡ì
gZ n‡jv GRgvwjfv‡e G¸‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Avjøvni Dci †mvc`© Kiv| AwaKvsk mvjd mvwjnxb (c~e©eZ©x eyRyM©)
G gZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Bgvg Avng` †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, wZwb e‡jb: Awaôvb ÁvZ, c×wZ AÁvZ Ges G wel‡q M‡elYv
weÀvZ| we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v GK `‡ji gZ| GRb¨ Avgiv eje: Awaôvb A_© `Lj Kiv, †hgb ejv hvq: ÔDgvi Biv‡Ki Dci
AwawôZ n‡q‡QÕ- A_©vr BivK `Lj K‡i‡Q ev Biv‡Ki ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ... AeZiY ej‡Z ggZv I ingZ eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
....Ó338
gvZzwi`x gZev‡ì cÖwm× Bgvg Avjøvgv gvmE` Beb Dgvi mvÕ`yÏxb ZvdZvhvbx (792 wn) G cÖm‡½ e‡jb:
‫ ﻓﯿﺠب أن ﯿﻔوض ﻋﻠم اﻟﻨﺼوص إﻟﻰ اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫو دأب اﻟﺴﻠف إﯿﺜﺎ ار‬،‫اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻘطﻌﯿﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨزﯿﻬﺎت‬
....‫ أو ﯿؤول ﺒﺘﺄوﯿﻼت ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ اﺨﺘﺎرﻩ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨرون‬،‫ﻟﻠطرﯿق اﻷﺴﻠم‬
ÒwbwðZ Ávb cÖ`vbKvix `jxj¸‡jv cÖgvY K‡i †h, gnvb Avjøvn gvbexq we‡klYvw` †_‡K cweÎ| Kv‡RB KziAvb-
nv`x‡mi e³e¨¸‡jvi Ávb Avjøvni Kv‡Q mgc©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g hyM¸‡jvi mvjvd mvwjnxb-Gi GwUB ixwZ Ges GwUB
wbivc` c_| A_ev G¸‡jv‡K mwVK e¨vL¨vq e¨vL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cieZ©x hy‡Mi AvwjgMY G gZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb....|Ó 339
D‡jøL¨ †h, AvkAvix gZev‡ì cÖwZôvZv Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix wb‡R AwaKvsk we‡klY ¯^xKvi I cÖgvY
Ki‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb:
‫ وﻤﺎ روى ﻋن اﻟﺴﺎدة اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗوﻟﻨﺎ اﻟذي ﻨﻘول ﺒﻪ ودﯿﺎﻨﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻨدﯿن ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﺴك ﺒﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ رﺒﻨﺎ ﻋز و ﺠل وﺒﺴﻨﺔ ﻨﺒﯿﻨﺎ ﻤﺤﻤد‬
‫ وأن اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﺴﺘوى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوﺠﻪ اﻟذي ﻗﺎﻟﻪ وﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟذي أرادﻩ اﺴﺘواء ﻤﻨزﻫﺎ ﻋن اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺴﺔ‬... ‫واﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﯿن وأﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﺤدﯿث‬
‫واﻻﺴﺘﻘرار واﻟﺘﻤﻛن واﻟﺤﻠول واﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻻ ﯿﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻌرش ﺒل اﻟﻌرش وﺤﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻤوﻟون ﺒﻠطف ﻗدرﺘﻪ وﻤﻘﻬورون ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ وﻫو ﻓوق اﻟﻌرش‬
‫ ﻓوﻗﯿﺔ ﻻ ﺘزﯿدﻩ ﻗرﺒﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌرش واﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺒل ﻫو رﻓﯿﻊ اﻟدرﺠﺎت ﻋن اﻟﻌرش ﻛﻤﺎ أﻨﻪ رﻓﯿﻊ اﻟدرﺠﺎت ﻋن‬،‫وﻓوق ﻛل ﺸﻲء إﻟﻰ ﺘﺨوم اﻟﺜرى‬
‫ وأن ﻟﻪ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ وﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﻼ ﻛﯿف‬.‫اﻟﺜرى وﻫو ﻤﻊ ذﻟك ﻗرﯿب ﻤن ﻛل ﻤوﺠود وﻫو أﻗرب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺒد ﻤن ﺤﺒل اﻟورﯿد وﻫو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺸﻲء ﺸﻬﯿد‬
‫ "ﺒل ﯿداﻩ‬:‫ وﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل‬،"‫ "ﺨﻠﻘت ﺒﯿدي‬:‫ وأن ﻟﻪ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﯿدﯿن ﺒﻼ ﻛﯿف ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬."‫ "وﯿﺒﻘﻰ وﺠﻪ رﺒك ذو اﻟﺠﻼل واﻹﻛرام‬:‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل‬
."‫ "ﺘﺠري ﺒﺄﻋﯿﻨﻨﺎ‬:‫ وأن ﻟﻪ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﻋﯿﻨﯿن ﺒﻼ ﻛﯿف ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬،"‫ﻤﺒﺴوطﺘﺎن‬
ÒAvgv‡ì gZ, `xb I ag© GB †h, Avgiv gnvb Avjøvni wKZve Ges Avgv‡ì bex gynv¤§v` ()-Gi mybœvZ Ges D¤§v‡Zi
cy‡ivavMY: mvnvexMY, ZvweqxMY Ges nv`x‡mi BgvgMY †_‡K hv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv my`„pfv‡e AvuK‡o awi...| Av‡iv ewj †h, gnvb
Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôvb K‡i‡Qb, wZwb †hfv‡e e‡j‡Qb †mfv‡eB Ges †h A_© wZwb D‡Ïk¨ K‡i‡Qb †m A‡_©B| G Awaôvb
¯úk© I w¯’wZ, Dc‡ekb, mswgkÖY I ¯’vbvšÍi †_‡K cweÎ| Avik Zuv‡K enb K‡i bv; eis Avik I Avi‡ki evnKMY Zuvi my²
ÿgZvq wbqwš¿Z Ges Zuvi KeRvi Aaxb| wZwb Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© Ges gnvwe‡k¦i me©wb¤œ ¯Íi †_‡K mKj wKQzi E‡aŸ©| Zuvi G EaŸ©Z¡
Zuv‡K Avi‡ki I Avmgv‡bi AwaK wbKUeZ©x K‡i bv| eis wZwb Avik †_‡K †hgb myD”P gh©v`vq †Zgwb hwgb †_‡KI myD”P
gh©v`vq| GKB mv‡_ wZwb mKj m„wói wbKUeZ©x| wZwb K‡Éi wkivi †P‡qI ev›`vi wbKUeZ©x| Ges wZwb mKj wKQzi cÖZ¨ÿKvix|
Avgiv Av‡iv ewj †h, gnvb Avjøvni GKwU gyLgÐj Av‡Q, †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc ev cÖK…wZ QvovB; KviY wZwb e‡j‡Qb 340: ÒGes
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Awebk¦i ïay Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki gwngvgq gnvbyfe gyLgÐjÓ| Ges gnvb Avjøvni `ywU nvZ Av‡Q, †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc-
cÖK…wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K; KviY wZwb e‡j‡Qb 341: ÒAvwg m„wó K‡iwQ Avgvi n¯ÍØq ØvivÓ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb342: Òeis Zuvi Dfq nvZB
cÖmvwiZÓ| Ges gnvb Avjøvni `ywU †PvL Av‡Q †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc ev cÖK…wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K| KviY Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb343: Òhv PjwQj Avgvi
Awÿi m¤§y‡L..|Ó344
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi wØZxq fvl¨wUi GKwU
e¨vL¨vMÖš’ Bgvg Ave~ gvbm~i gvZzwi`xi bv‡g gyw`ªZ| Z‡e M‡elKMY wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb †h, MÖš’wU g~jZ gvZzwi`xi QvÎ ch©v‡qi
cÖwm× dKxn Bgvg Aveyj jvBm mvgviKv›`x bvmi Beb gynv¤§v` (373 wn)-Gi iwPZ| MÖš’wU‡Z evievi Bgvg gvZzwi`xi e³e¨
D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges gvZzwi`x gvhnv‡ei wfwË‡ZB MÖš’wU iwPZ| G MÖ‡š’ MÖš’Kvi GK¯’v‡b e‡jb:
‫ أﺨﺒر أﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬،"‫ "وﻫو اﻟذي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء إﻟﻪ وﻓﻲ اﻷرض إﻟﻪ‬:‫ واﺤﺘﺠﺘﺎ ﺒﻘوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬،‫وﻗﺎﻟت اﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ إن اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن‬
‫ وﻗول اﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ واﻟﻘدرﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ وﺒﻪ ﻨﻘول‬،‫ اﻟﻤراد ﺒﻪ ﻨﻔوذ اﻹﻟﻬﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء وﻓﻲ اﻷرض‬...‫ ﻻ ﺤﺠﺔ ﻟﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻵﯿﺔ‬:‫ إﻻ أﻨﺎ ﻨﻘول‬،‫وﻓﻲ اﻷرض‬
‫ وأﻤﺎ‬.‫ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﷲ ﻋن ذﻟك ﻋﻠوا ﻛﺒﯿرا‬،‫ﻫذا أﻗﺒﺢ ﻤن ﻗول اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻬﺔ؛ ﻷن ﻗوﻟﻬم ﯿؤدي إﻟﻰ أن اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ أﺠواف اﻟﺴﺒﺎع واﻟﻬوام واﻟﺤﺸرات‬
‫ ﻻ ﻋﻠو ارﺘﻔﺎع ﻤﻛﺎن وﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫ﻤذﻫب أﻫل اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ أن اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌرش ﻋﻠو ﻋظﻤﺔ ورﺒوﺒﯿﺔ‬
ÒgyZvwhjx I Kv`vwiqvMY e‡jb, Avjøvn mKj ¯’v‡b| Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvmgv‡b wZwb gve~` Ges c„w_ex‡Z wZwb gve~`Ó|
G AvqvZ w`‡q Zviv e‡j: wZwb †Zv ej‡jb †h, wZwb Avmgv‡bi g‡a¨ Ges c„w_exi g‡a¨| Avgiv ewj, G AvqvZ †Zvgv‡ì `vwe
cÖgvY K‡i bv| ... G Avqv‡Zi A_© Avmgvb-hgxb me©Î GKgvÎ Zuvi Bev`ZB Kvh©Ki| ... gyZvwhjx I Kv`vwiqv‡ì K_v
gykvweŸnv ev ZzjbvKvix‡ì K_vi †P‡qI RNb¨Zi| KviY Zv‡ì `vwe Abymv‡i gnvb Avjøvn eb¨cÖvYx, cïcvLx I KxUcZ‡½i
†`‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb| Giƒc Ae¯’v †_‡K Avjøvn A‡bK E‡aŸ©| Avnj~m mybœv‡Zi (gvZzwi`x) gZ GB †h, Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i|
Zuvi G EaŸ©Z¡ ¯’vb I `~i‡Z¡i EaŸ©Z¡ bq, eis gh©v`v I cÖwZcvj‡bi EaŸ©Z¡|Ó345
Bgvg AvkAvix I Bgvg mvgviKv›`xi e³‡e¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Zuviv gnvb Avjøvni Ôevn¨Z gvbexqÕ we‡klY¸‡jv wKQzUv
e¨vL¨v mv‡c‡ÿ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| ÔAvjøvn me©Î weivRgvbÕ gZwU‡K Ôm‡e©k¦iev`Õ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| A_P eZ©gv‡b A‡bK gymwjg G
weåvšÍ gZwU‡KB Bmjvgx AvKx`v e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| Inxi eY©bv Abymv‡i gnvb Avjøvn ev›`vi mv‡_ I wbK‡U Ges Zuvi Ávb me©Î
weivRgvb, Zuvi gnvb mËv bq| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ BDmy‡di gZ †`Lyb| evk&kvi Beb g~mv Lvd&dvd e‡jb:
‫ﺠﺎء ﺒﺸر ﺒن اﻟوﻟﯿد اﻟﻛﻨدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻀﻲ أﺒﻲ ﯿوﺴف ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻪ ﺘﻨﻬﺎﻨﻲ ﻋن اﻟﻛﻼم وﺒﺸر اﻟﻤرﯿﺴﻲ وﻋﻠﻲ اﻷﺤول وﻓﻼن ﯿﺘﻛﻠﻤون‬
‫ﻗﺎل وﻤﺎ ﯿﻘوﻟون ﻗﺎل ﯿﻘوﻟون اﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻤﻛﺎن ﻓﻘﺎل أﺒو ﯿوﺴف ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﻬم ﻓﺎﻨﺘﻬوا إﻟﯿﻬم وﻗد ﻗﺎم ﺒﺸر ﻓﺠﻲء ﺒﻌﻠﻲ اﻷﺤول وﺒﺎﻵﺨر ﺸﯿﺦ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎل أﺒو ﯿوﺴف وﻨظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﯿﺦ ﻟو أن ﻓﯿك ﻤوﻀﻊ أدب ﻷوﺠﻌﺘك ﻓﺄﻤر ﺒﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺒس وﻀرب اﻷﺤول وطوف ﺒﻪ‬
Òweki Beb Ijx` wK›`x Kvhx Ave~ BDmy‡di wbKU AvMgb K‡i e‡jb: Avcwb †Zv Avgv‡K Bjgyj Kvjvg †_‡K wb‡la
K‡ib, wKš‘ weki Avj-gvixmx, Avjx Avj-AvnIqvj Ges AgyK e¨w³ Kvjvg wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Q| Ave~ BDmyd e‡jb: Zviv Kx
ej‡Q? wZwb e‡jb: Zviv ej‡Q †h, Avjøvn mKj ¯’v‡b weivRgvb| ZLb Ave~ BDmyd e‡jb: Zv‡ì‡K a‡i Avgvi Kv‡Q wb‡q Gm|
ZLb Zviv Zv‡ì wbKU Mgb K‡i| BZëm‡i weki Avj-gvixmx D³ ¯’vb cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| GRb¨ Avjx AvnIqvj Ges Ab¨
GKRb e„× e¨w³‡K a‡i Avbv nq| Ave~ BDmyd e„× e¨w³wUi w`‡K `„wócvZ K‡i e‡jb: Avcbvi †`‡n kvw¯Í †Ìqvi gZ ¯’vb
_vK‡j Avwg Avcbv‡K †eÎvNv‡Zi wb‡`©k w`Zvg| wZwb D³ e„×‡K Kviviæ× Kivi wb‡`©k †`b Ges Avjx AvnIqvj‡K †eÎvNvZ
Kiv nq Ges iv¯Ívq Nyiv‡bv nq|Ó346
10. 4. we‡klY wel‡q cÖvwšÍKZv
AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x AvwjgM‡Yi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB e¨vL¨gy³fv‡e we‡klY¸‡jv wek¦vm Kiv DËg e‡j‡Qb| †KD e¨vL¨vi c‡ÿ
K‡VviZv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvni nvZ, Pÿz, Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb, AeZiY BZ¨vw` we‡klY Zzjbvgy³fv‡e
wek¦vmKvix‡ì‡K Zuviv XvjvIfv‡e ÔgykvweŸnvÕ (ZzjbvKvix), ÔgyRvm&wmgv (†`‡n wek¦vmx) ev Kvwdi e‡j Mvwj w`‡q‡Qb| GgbwK G
welqK AvqvZ I nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vgy³, Zzjbvgy³ I ÔKvBdÕ ev ¯îƒc mÜvbgy³ Abyev` Kiv‡KI Zviv GKBiƒc weåvwšÍ e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb| Gi wecix‡Z mvjd mvwjnx‡bi gZ Abyaveb I e¨vL¨vqI bvbvwea cÖvwšÍKZv we`¨gvb| mvjv‡di Abymi‡Yi `vwe‡Z
A‡b‡K AvkAvix-gvZzwi`xMY‡K XvjvIfv‡e ÔRvngxÕ e‡jb| we‡klY‡K e¨vL¨vgy³fv‡e MÖnY Kivi ci AZzjbxqZ¡ e¨vL¨vq wKQz
ej‡jI Zviv Zv weåvwšÍ e‡j MY¨ K‡ib|
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cÖwm× nv¤^vjx dKxn I gynvwÏm Bebyj RvIhx (597 wn) D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg nvmvb Beb nvwg` (403 wn), Kvhx
Ave~ Bqvjv gynv¤§v` Bebyj ûmvBb (458 wn), Bebyh hvMIqvbx Avjx Beb DevB`yjøvn (527 wn) cÖgyL cÖwm× nv¤^vjx dKxn
gnvb Avjøvni gyLMnŸi, ùvZ, eÿ, Diæ... BZ¨vw` Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| Bebyj RvIhxi weeiY †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h,
KziAvb, mnxn nv`xm, hqxd nv`xm, Zvweqx hy‡Mi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwj‡gi e³e¨ mewKQz‡K GKBfv‡e ÔInxiÕ gvb cÖ`v‡bi d‡j
Zuviv Giƒc cÖvwšÍKZvq wbcwZZ nb| e¨vL¨vwenxb MÖn‡Yi bv‡g Zuviv Inxi mv‡_ ms‡hvR‡bi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Zb| 347
11. cieZ©xM‡Yi gZcv_©K¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Rvngx, gyZvwhjx I mggbv wdiKv QvovI mvnvex-Zvweqx I Avnjym mybœvZ
Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi Abymvix‡ì g‡aÏ bvbvwea gZ‡f` I cÖvwšÍKZv Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œi K‡qKwU welq nqZ Avgv‡ì‡K G
welqK cÖvwšÍKZv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i:
11. 1. we‡klY¸‡jvi A_© AÁvZ A_ev ÁvZ
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, mvjvd mvwjnxb Avjøvni we‡klY welqK KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨¸‡jv
ÒAÁvZA_©Ó ev ÒA_© wenxb kãÓ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv G¸‡jvi A_© gvbexq Áv‡bi AvIZv ewnf©~Z e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb Ges
A‡_©i welqwU gnvb Avjøvni Dci mgc©b K‡i‡Qb| mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi `y-GKwU e³e¨‡K Zuviv Zuv‡ì G g‡Zi c‡ÿ cÖgvY †ck
K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ mydBqvb Beb DAvBbv e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvjvn KziAv‡b wb‡Ri wel‡q †h mKj we‡klY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zvi
cvVB Zvi e¨vL¨v †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc †bB Ges Zzjbv †bB|Ó AvIhvqx, gvwjK, mywdqvb mvIix, jvBm Beb mvÕ` cÖgyL Avwjg e‡j‡Qb:
ÒG¸‡jv †hfv‡e G‡m‡Q †mfv‡eB Pvwj‡q bvI; †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc-cÖK…wZ e¨wZ‡i‡K|Ó Avng` Beb nv¤^vj e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvgiv G¸‡jv
wek¦vm Kwi, mZ¨ e‡j MÖnY Kwi, †Kv‡bv ÔwKfv‡eÕ †bB Ges †Kv‡bv A_© †bB| Ó G mKj e³‡eï e¨vL¨vq Zuviv e‡jb †h, mvjvd
mvwjnx‡bi g‡Z gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jvi A_© ÒAÁvZÓ|
wKš‘ Avgiv hLb mvjd mvwjnx‡bi e³e¨¸‡jv c~Y©fv‡e cvV Kwi ZLb Avgiv wbwðZ nB †h, Zuviv G mKj we‡kl‡Yi A_©
ÁvZ Z‡e e¨vL¨v AÁvZ e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv A_© wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb Ges ¯îƒc, nvKxKZ ev e¨vL¨vi Ávb‡K Avjøvni Dci
mgc©b K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv me©`v e‡j‡Qb, G mKj we‡klY cvV ev kÖeY Ki‡j hv eySv hvq ZvB Gi A_© Ges Zzjbvgy³ I
¯îƒcnxbfv‡e G A_© wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv A_©, Zvexj ev e¨vL¨v AbymÜvb Kiv hv‡e bv|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ Zvweqx gyRvwn` e‡j‡Qb: ÔAvi‡ki Dci ÔBmwZIqvÕ K‡i‡Qb A_© Avi‡ki E‡aŸ© †_‡K‡Qb|Ó wZwb e‡jb wb
†h, G evK¨wUi A_© AÁvZ| ÔBmwZIqvÕ m¤ú‡K© wRÁvwmZ n‡j Bgvg gvwjK I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg e‡jb wb †h, Avjøvni †ÿ‡Î
BmwZIqv K_vwUi A_© Avgiv Rvwb bv| eis Zuviv ¯úófv‡eB e‡j‡Qb ÔBmwZIqvÕ GKwU ÁvZ welq, Z‡e Zvi c×wZ, ¯îƒc ev
cÖK…wZ AÁvZ|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb: ÒZuvi n¯— Av‡Q, gyLgÊj Av‡Q, bdm Av‡Q, KviY Avjvn KziAv‡b G¸‡jv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|Ó
GLv‡b jÿYxq †h, G K_v¸‡jv KziAv‡bi ûeû e³e¨ bq| KziAv‡bi e³e¨: wZwb n¯Í Øviv m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi n¯ÍØq cÖmvwiZ...
BZ¨vw`| Bgvg Avh‡gi e³e¨ KziAv‡bi e³‡eï ÔAviex Abyev`Õ| G †_‡K Avgiv wbwðZ nB †h, Zviv G¸‡jvi A_© cwiÁvZ I
evwn¨K A‡_© eëüZ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡K AeZiY wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb wb †h, wZwb AeZiY K‡ib bv A_ev
AeZiY k‡ãi A_© AcwiÁvZ| eis wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjvn AeZiY K‡ib, †Kv‡bviƒc c×wZ ev ¯îƒc e¨wZ‡i‡K|Ó
Avgiv †`Le †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Avjøvni we‡klYmg~n Abyev` Kivi c‡ÿ gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| KviY Bmjvg mKj
fvlvi gvby‡li Rb¨| Abyev` bv Ki‡j Ab¨ fvlvi gvby‡liv G we‡klY¸‡jv wKfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡eb? ÔA_©nxb kãÕ- wek¦vm Ki‡eb?
bv e¨vL¨vq wek¦vm Ki‡eb? Ôingvb Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb Ki‡jbÕ K_vwUi Abyev‡` Kx wjL‡Z n‡e? ÔBmwZIqvÕ wjL‡j Ab¨ fvlvi
gywgbMY Kx wek¦vm Ki‡eb? Avi ÔÿgZv MÖnYÕ wjL‡j †Zv wbwl× e¨vL¨v Pvwc‡q †Ìqv n‡jv| ÔAvjøvni †kl iv‡Î cÖ_g Avmgv‡b
AeZiY K‡ibÕ nv`xmwUi Abyev` wKfv‡e n‡e? Ôbyhyj K‡ibÕ wjL‡j Abvie cvVK Kx eyS‡eb I wek¦vm Ki‡eb? Avi e¨vL¨v
wjL‡j †Zv gyZvwhjv I Kv`vwiqv‡ì c‡_ Pjv n‡jv| G‡Z my¯úó †h, BgvgMY G mKj we‡kl‡Yi A_© ÁvZ (gynKvg) I nvKxKZ
AÁvZ (gyZvkvwen) e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
11. 2. we‡klY¸‡jvi cÖKvk¨ A_© ¯^xK…Z ev ewR©Z
Dc‡ii A‡_©B †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x Avwjg e‡j‡Qb, mvjvd mvwjnxb GKgZ †h, G mKj we‡kl‡Yi evwn¨K
A_© cwiZ¨³| evwn¨K A_© ej‡Z hw` ÔZzjbvhy³ evwn¨K A_©Õ eySv‡bv nq Z‡e K_vwU wVK| A_©vr nvZ, Awaôvb, Pÿz, bdm, †µva,
mš‘wó, AeZiY BZ¨vw` kã †_‡K hw` †KD m„wói g‡a¨ we`¨gvb G mKj we‡klY ev Kg© Kíbv K‡i Z‡e Zv evwZj| Avi hw`
evwn¨K A_© ej‡Z ÔZzjbvgy³ AvwfavwbK A_©Õ eySv‡bv nq Z‡e G K_vwU mwVK bq| mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi e³e¨ †_‡K ¯úó †h, Zviv
G¸‡jv‡K AvwfavwbK A‡_© Zzjbvgy³ I ¯îƒcgy³fv‡e wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv evievi e‡j‡Qb: G¸‡jv wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| hw`
G¸‡jvi A_© AÁvZ _v‡K ev cÖKvk¨ A_© ewR©Z nq Z‡e Kx wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e?
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cvVK, Dc‡i D×…Z Pvi Bgvg I Ab¨vb¨ mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi e³e¨ Av‡iKevi cvV Kiæb| Avcwb wbwðZ n‡eb †h,
Zuviv gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY¸‡jv‡K evwn¨K A‡_© Zzjbvi Kíbv gb †_‡K Zvwo‡q ¯îƒcwenxbfv‡e wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb|
gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﻫ ْل ﯿْﻨظُرون ِإ ﱠﻻ أَن ﯿﺄْﺘِﯿﻬم اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِﻓﻲ ظﻠ ٍل ِﻤن اﻟﻐﻤ ِﺎم واﻟﻤﻼﺌِﻛﺔ وﻗ‬
‫ﻀﻲ اﻷ َْﻤُر‬
َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ َُ ُ ُُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ
ÒZviv wK ïay Gi cÖZx¶vq i‡q‡Q †h, Avjvn& I wdwik&Zviv †g‡Ni Qvqvq Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡eb? Ges mewKQyi
gxgvsmv n‡q hv‡e|Ó348
G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg evMvex ûmvBb Beb gvmE` (510 wn) e‡jb:
‫ وﯿﻌﺘﻘد أن اﷲ ﻋز اﺴﻤﻪ ﻤﻨزﻩ ﻋن‬،‫واﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻵﯿﺔ وﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ أن ﯿؤﻤن اﻹﻨﺴﺎن ﺒظﺎﻫرﻫﺎ وﯿﻛل ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﻤﻀت أﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﻠف وﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬،‫ﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺤدث‬
ÒG AvqvZ Ges G ai‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jvi wel‡q DËg GB †h, G¸‡jvi cÖKvk¨ A_© wek¦vm Ki‡e Ges Gi Ávb Avjøvni
Dci mgc©b Ki‡e| Ges wek¦vm Ki‡e †h, gnvb Avjøvn m„wói êwkó¨ †_‡K cweÎ| mvjvd mvwjnxb BgvgMY Ges Avnjym
mybœv‡Zi AvwjgMY G wek¦v‡mi Dc‡iB †_‡K‡Qb|Ó349
gnvb Avjøvn Rvnvbœv‡gi g‡a¨ c` ¯’vcb Ki‡eb, wZwb nvm‡eb, wZwb Avbw›`Z nb BZ¨vw` A‡_©i nv`xm¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡i
Bgvg evMvex e‡jb:
‫ ﻤﺠﺘﻨﺒﺎ ﻋن‬،‫ ٕواﻤرارﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ظﺎﻫرﻫﺎ ﻤﻌرﻀﺎ ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻋن اﻟﺘﺄوﯿل‬،‫ﻓﻬذﻩ وﻨظﺎﺌرﻫﺎ ﺼﻔﺎت ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ورد ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﯿﺠب اﻹﯿﻤﺎن ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذا‬... ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺸﺒﻪ ذاﺘﻪ ذوات اﻟﺨﻠق‬،‫ ﻤﻌﺘﻘدا أن اﻟﺒﺎري ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻻ ﯿﺸﺒﻪ ﺸﻲء ﻤن ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ ﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﻠق‬،‫اﻟﺘﺸﺒﯿﻪ‬
‫ ووﻛﻠوا اﻟﻌﻠم ﻓﯿﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﷲ ﻋز‬، ‫ وﺘﺠﻨﺒوا ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻋن اﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿل واﻟﺘﺄوﯿل‬، ‫ ﺘﻠﻘوﻫﺎ ﺠﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﯿﻤﺎن واﻟﻘﺒول‬، ‫ وﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬، ‫ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﻠف اﻷﻤﺔ‬
‫وﺠل‬
ÒG¸‡jv Ges G ai‡bi Ab¨vb¨ welq gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY| kÖæwZ ev Inxi eY©bv G wel‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î
IqvwRe n‡jv: G¸‡jv‡K wek¦vm Kiv Ges evwn¨K A‡_©i Dci G¸‡jv Pvwj‡q †bIqv| G¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zzjbv
cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h, gnvb m„wóKZ©vi †Kv‡bv we‡klYB m„wói we‡kl‡Yi gZ bq; †hgb Zuvi mËv m„wói
mËvi gZ bq|... D¤§v‡Zi mvjvd mvwjnxb Ges Avnjym mybœv‡Zi AvwjgMY G wek¦v‡mi Dc‡iB †_‡K‡Qb| Zuviv mK‡jB Zv
wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zzjbv I e¨vL¨v eR©b K‡i‡Qb| Gi Ávb gnvb Avjøvni Dci †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb|...|Ó350
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb: ÒeZ©gv‡b evwn¨K A_© `y cÖKvi n‡q wM‡q‡Q: GKwU n° I Ab¨wU evwZj| Ôn° evwn¨K A_©Õ G
K_v ejv †h, gnvb Avjøvn kÖeYKvix, `k©bKvix, B”QvKvix, K_v e‡jb, nvqvZ ev cÖv‡Yi AwaKvix wPiÄxe, Ávbx, Zuvi gyLgÐj Qvov
me wKQzB aŸsm n‡e, wZwb Av`g‡K wbR nv‡Z m„wó K‡ib, wZwb gymvi mv‡_ cÖK…ZB K_v e‡jb, wZwb Beivnxg‡K Ljxj (eÜz)
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib... Ges Abyiƒc welqvw`; G¸‡jv‡K Avgiv †hfv‡e G‡m‡Q †mfv‡eB Pvwj‡q wbB| G¸‡jv †_‡K Avgiv
m‡¤^va‡bi A_© eywS hv gnvb Avjøvni gh©v`vi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| Gi e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v Av‡Q e‡j Avgiv ewj bv| Avi Ab¨
Ôevwn¨K A_©Õ evwZj Ges weåvwšÍ| Zv n‡jv A`„k¨‡K `„k¨gv‡bi Dci wKqvm ev Zzjbv Kiv Ges ¯ªóv‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kivq
wek¦vm Kiv| gnvb Avjøvn Giƒc Zzjbv †_‡K cweÎ I E‡aŸ©| eis Zuvi we‡klYI Zuvi mËvi gZB| Zvi mgZzj¨ †bB, wecixZ
†bB, bgybv †bB, Zzjbv †bB, cÖwZiƒc †bB, †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq, Zuvi mËvi †ÿ‡ÎI bq Ges Zuvi we‡kl‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎI
bq| Avi G welqwUi †ÿ‡Î Avwjg-cwÐZ Ges mvaviY gvbyl mK‡jB mgvb| gnvb AvjøvnB fvj Rv‡bb|Ó351
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, mvjvd mvwjnxb G¸‡jv Ôevwn¨K A_©Õ ÁvZ e‡j wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb Ges &G¸‡jv‡K evwn¨K A‡_©
Pvwj‡q wb‡Z I wek¦vm Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| cvkvcvwk Gi Ôevwn¨K ZzjbvÕ eR©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Gi e¨vL¨v I
nvKxK‡Zi Ávb Avjøvni Dci †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb|
11. 3. Inxi cÖKvk¨ A_© MÖnY Zzjbv wK bv
G mKj we‡kl‡Yi A_© AÁvZ Ges Gi cÖKvk¨ A_© cwiZ¨³- G `ywU `vwei wfwË‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg Zzjbvgy³fv‡e
cÖKvk¨ A‡_© Avjøvni we‡klY wek¦vmKvix‡K gyRvm&wmgv (†`‡n wek¦vmx) ev gykvweŸnv (ZzjbvKvix) e‡j Awfhy³ K‡ib| A_©vr hw`
†KD e‡jb: Ògnvb Avjøvni n¯Í Av‡Q, gyLgÐj Av‡Q, wZwb Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb K‡i‡Qb, †kl iv‡Î AeZiY K‡ib; ¯îƒc Qvov,
m„wói gZ bqÓ Z‡e Zuviv Zv‡K weåvšÍ e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| welqwU `yf©vM¨RbK| †KD wbR gy‡L Zzjbvi `vwe bv Ki‡j Zv‡K
ZzjbvKvix ejv mwVK bq; we‡klZ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ ûeû wek¦v‡mi cvkvcvwk †h e¨w³ gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i ¯^xK…wZ
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Contents
cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb| GQvov KziAvb ev nv`xm hv e‡j‡Q ûeû Zv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡j ev wek¦vm Ki‡j †Kv‡bv gywgb Acivax nb e‡j
wPšÍv KivI gywg‡bi Rb¨ KwVb| GLv‡b cÖm½Z Bgvg wZiwghxi GKwU e³e¨ D‡jøL Kiv hvq| wZwb e‡jb:
‫اﺤٍد‬ ِ ‫ﺎل َﻏْﯿر و‬
َ ُ َ َ‫ َوﻗَ ْد ﻗ‬... .‫ﯿﺢ‬ ٌ ‫ﺼ ِﺤ‬َ ‫ﯿث َﺤ َﺴ ٌن‬ ٌ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ َﻫ َذا َﺤِد‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺎل أَُﺒو ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ ﻗ‬.... ‫ْﺨ ُذ َﻫﺎ ﺒَِﯿ ِﻤﯿﻨِ ِﻪ‬ َ ‫ إِ ﱠن اﻟﻠﱠﻪَ َﯿ ْﻘَﺒ ُل اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ ﻗَﺎ َل َر ُﺴو ُل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬...
ُ ‫ﱠدﻗَﺔَ َوَﯿﺄ‬
ِ ‫ك وﺘَﻌﺎَﻟﻰ ُﻛ ﱠل ﻟَْﯿﻠَ ٍﺔ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﺴﱠﻤ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﯿث وﻤﺎ ﯿ ْﺸﺒِﻪ َﻫ َذا ِﻤن ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫ِﻤ ْن أ‬
‫ت‬ُ ‫ﺎء اﻟ ﱡدْﻨَﯿﺎ َﻗﺎﻟُوا ﻗَ ْد ﺘَﺜُْﺒ‬ َ َ َ َ ‫ب ﺘََﺒ َﺎر‬ ‫اﻟر ﱢ‬
‫ول ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺎت وُﻨُز‬
َ َ‫اﻟرَو َاﯿﺎت ﻤ َن اﻟﺼﱢﻔ‬ َ ُ ُ َ َ ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟﻌْﻠِم ﻓﻰ َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﺤد‬
‫ﯿث‬ِ ‫ف َﻫ َﻛ َذا رِوى ﻋ ْن ﻤﺎﻟِ ٍك وﺴ ْﻔﯿﺎن ْﺒ ِن ﻋﯿْﯿَﻨﺔَ وﻋْﺒِد اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ْﺒ ِن اْﻟﻤﺒﺎرِك أَﱠﻨﻬم ﻗَﺎﻟُوا ِﻓﻰ َﻫِذِﻩ اﻷَﺤ ِﺎد‬ َ ‫ﺎت ِﻓﻰ َﻫ َذا َوُﯿ ْؤ َﻤ ُن ﺒِﻬَﺎ َوﻻَ ُﯿﺘََو ﱠﻫ ُم َوﻻَ ُﯿﻘَﺎ ُل َﻛْﯿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟرَو َاﯿ‬
‫ﱢ‬
َ ُْ َ َُ َ َ َُ َ ََُ َ َ َ ُ
‫ َوﻗَ ْد َذ َﻛَر اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﻋﱠز‬.ٌ‫ﺎت َوﻗَﺎﻟُوا َﻫ َذا ﺘَ ْﺸﺒِﯿﻪ‬ ِ ‫اﻟرواﯿ‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫ وأَ ﱠﻤﺎ اْﻟﺠﻬ ِﻤﱠﯿﺔُ ﻓَﺄَْﻨ َﻛر‬.‫َﻫ ِل اﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ واْﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋ ِﺔ‬
َ َ ‫ت َﻫذﻩ ﱢ‬ َ َْ َ َ ََ َ ْ ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟ ِﻌْﻠِم ِﻤ ْن أ‬ ْ ‫ َو َﻫ َﻛ َذا ﻗَ ْو ُل أ‬.‫ف‬ٍ ‫وﻫﺎ ﺒِﻼَ َﻛْﯿ‬ َ ‫أ َِﻤﱡر‬
‫َﻫ ُل اْﻟ ِﻌْﻠِم َوَﻗﺎﻟُوا ِإ ﱠن اﻟﻠﱠ َﻪ ﻟَ ْم‬
ْ ‫وﻫﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻏْﯿ ِر َﻤﺎ َﻓﺴَﱠر أ‬ َ ‫ﺎت ﻓَ َﻔﺴُﱠر‬ ِ ‫ﻀ ٍﻊ ِﻤ ْن ِﻛﺘَﺎﺒِ ِﻪ اْﻟﯿ َد واﻟﺴﱠﻤﻊ واْﻟﺒﺼر ﻓَﺘَﺄﱠَوَﻟ ِت اْﻟﺠﻬ ِﻤﱠﯿﺔُ َﻫِذِﻩ اﻵﯿ‬
َ َْ ََ َ َ َ ْ َ َ
ِ ‫وﺠ ﱠل ِﻓﻰ َﻏْﯿ ِر ﻤو‬
َْ ََ
‫ﺎل َﯿ ٌد َﻛَﯿٍد أ َْو ِﻤﺜْ ُل َﯿٍد أ َْو َﺴ ْﻤﻊٌ َﻛ َﺴ ْﻤ ٍﻊ أ َْو ِﻤ ْﺜ ُل‬
َ َ‫ون اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺸﺒِﯿﻪُ إِ َذا ﻗ‬ ِ
ُ ‫ﺎق ْﺒ ُن ِإْﺒَراﻫ َﯿم ِإﱠﻨ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ُﻛ‬ َ َ‫ َوﻗ‬.ُ‫ َوﻗَﺎﻟُوا إِ ﱠن َﻤ ْﻌَﻨﻰ اْﻟَﯿِد َﻫﺎ ُﻫَﻨﺎ اْﻟﻘُﱠوة‬.‫آد َم ﺒَِﯿِدِﻩ‬
ُ ‫ﺎل إِ ْﺴ َﺤ‬ َ ‫َﯿ ْﺨﻠُ ْق‬
َ‫ول ِﻤﺜْ ُل َﺴ ْﻤ ٍﻊ َوﻻ‬ ُ ُ‫ف َوﻻَ َﯿﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺼٌر َوﻻَ َﯿﻘُو ُل َﻛْﯿ‬ ‫ﺎل َﻛﻤﺎ ﻗَ َ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺎل اﻟﻠﻪُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﯿ ٌد َو َﺴ ْﻤﻊٌ َوَﺒ‬ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ َ‫ﺎل َﺴ ْﻤﻊٌ َﻛ َﺴ ْﻤ ٍﻊ أ َْو ﻤﺜْ ُل َﺴ ْﻤ ٍﻊ ﻓَﻬَ َذا اﻟﺘﱠ ْﺸﺒﯿﻪُ َوأَ ﱠﻤﺎ إ َذا ﻗ‬ َ ‫ َﻓِﺈ َذا َﻗ‬.‫َﺴ ْﻤ ٍﻊ‬
ِ ‫ﱠﻤﯿﻊ اْﻟﺒ‬ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫َﻛﺴﻤ ٍﻊ َﻓﻬ َذا ﻻَ ﯿ ُﻛون ﺘَ ْﺸﺒِﯿﻬﺎ و ُﻫو َﻛﻤﺎ ﻗَ َ ﱠ‬
.( ‫ﺼ ُﯿر‬ َ ُ ‫ﺎل اﻟﻠﻪُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎَﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘَﺎﺒِﻪ )ﻟَْﯿ َس َﻛﻤﺜْﻠﻪ َﺸ ْﻰ ٌء َو ُﻫ َو اﻟﺴ‬ َ َ َ ً ُ َ َ َْ
Ò... ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb: Avjøvn `vb Keyj K‡ib Ges Zv Zuvi Wvb nvZ Øviv MÖnY K‡ib| .... Ave~ Cmv (wZiwghx)
e‡jb: GwU nvmvb mnxn nv`xm| .... G nv`xm Ges G ai‡bi †h mKj nv`x‡m Avjøvni we‡klY ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, gnvb gnvcweÎ
cÖwZcvj‡Ki cÖ_g Avmgv‡b AeZi‡Yi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †m mKj nv`xm wel‡q AvwjgMY e‡j‡Qb †h, nv`xm Øviv G¸‡jv
cÖgvwYZ Ges G¸‡jv wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e, Z‡e †Kv‡bv Kíbv Kiv hv‡e bv Ges ÔwKfv‡eÕ ejv hv‡e bv| gvwjK, mywdqvb Beb
DAvBbv, Avãyjøvn Bebyj gyevivK †_‡K G mKj nv`x‡mi wel‡q ewY©Z †h, †Zvgiv G¸‡jv‡K ÔwKfv‡eÕ (¯îƒc mÜvb) e¨wZ‡i‡K
Pvwj‡q †bI| Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi Avwjg‡ì GwUB gZ| wKš‘ RvngxMY G mKj nv`xm A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| Zviv e‡j,
G¸‡jv Zzjbv| gnvb Avjøvn KziAv‡bi A‡bK ¯’v‡b nvZ, kÖeY, `k©b BZ¨vw` we‡klY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| RvngxMY G mKj Avqv‡Zi
e¨vL¨v K‡i| AvwjgMY G¸‡jvi †h e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb (¯îƒc wenxb wek¦vm Kiv) Rvngx‡ì e¨vL¨v Zvi wecixZ| Zviv e‡j: Avjøvn
Av`g‡K Zuvi nvZ w`‡q m„wó K‡ib wb| Zviv e‡j: GLv‡b nvZ A_© ÿgZv| BmnvK Beb Beivnxg (Beb ivnIqvBwn) e‡jb: Zzjbv
†Zv ZLbB nq hLb †KD e‡j: nv‡Zi gZ nvZ, A_ev nv‡Zi mv‡_ Zzjbxq nvZ, kÖe‡Yi gZ kÖeY A_ev kÖe‡Yi Zzjbxq kÖeY|
Kv‡RB hw` †KD e‡j kÖe‡Yi gZ kÖeY ev kÖe‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbxq kÖeY Z‡e Zv ÔZzjbvÕ| Avi hLb †KD Avjøvn †hfv‡e e‡j‡Qb
†mfv‡e e‡j: nvZ, kÖeY, `k©b, wKš‘ ÔwKfv‡eÕ e‡j bv Ges ÔkÖe‡Yi gZÕ ev ÔkÖe‡Yi mv‡_ ZzjbxqÕI e‡j bv ZLb Zv Zzjbv bq|
Avjøvn KziAv‡b Gfv‡eB e‡j‡Qb: Ò‡Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq Ges wZwb me©‡kÖvZv me©`ªóv|Ó352
GLv‡b BmnvK Beb ivnIqvBwn e‡j‡Qb †h, RvngxM‡Yi g‡Z Avjøvni nvZ, Avjøvni kÖeY BZ¨vw` ejv ev wek¦vm Kivi
A_©B gnvb Avjøvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv| cÿvšÍ‡i Avnjym mybœvZ e‡jb, Zzjbv Ki‡jB †Zv Zzjbv nq| †KD hw` e‡j gnvb
Avjøvni nvZ m„wói nv‡Zi gZ, Zuvi kÖeY m„wói kÖe‡Yi gZ, Zuvi `k©b m„wói `k©‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbxq... Z‡eB Zv Zzjbv e‡j MY¨
n‡e| Avi hw` †KD Avjøvn †hfv‡e e‡j‡Qb †mfv‡eB e‡j Zvn‡j Zv KL‡bvB Zzjbv n‡Z cv‡i bv|
11. 4. e¨vL¨v mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i bv
e¨vL¨vcš’x AvwjgMY e‡jb †h, we‡klY¸‡jvi e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i wek¦vm iÿv Kiv hvq|
G‡ÿ‡Î `ywU welq jÿYxq:
cÖ_gZ: AvkAvix-gvZzwi`xMY 8wU we‡klY ¯^xKvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ we‡klY A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| †h hyw³‡Z Zuviv Ab¨vb¨
we‡klY A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †m hyw³‡ZB G 8 wU we‡klYI A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Rvngx-gyZvwhjxMY| RvngxMY e‡jb: KY© Qvov kÖeY,
Pÿz Qvov †`Lv, evMhš¿ Qvov K_v ejv, gvbwmK cwieZ©b Qvov B”Qv BZ¨vw` Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| KY©, Pÿz, evMhš¿, gvbwmK
cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` Avjøvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Rxeb, ÿgZv, Bjg, B”Qv BZ¨vw` we‡kl‡YiI GKB Ae¯’v| G¸‡jv m„wói
we‡klY| gnvb Avjøvni †ÿ‡Î G¸‡jv wek¦vm Kivi A_©B gnvb Avjøvn‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq I †`navix e‡j wek¦vm Kiv| GQvov
AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x AvwK`vwe`MY AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvni `k©‡b wek¦vmx| gyZvwhjxMY Zv‡ì‡K GRb¨ gyRvm&wmgv-gykve&wenv e‡jb|
KviY Aeqe I †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb Qvov KvD‡K †`Lv m¤¢e bq| Zv‡ì g‡Z gnvb Avjøvn‡K AvwLiv‡Z †`Lv hv‡e e‡j wek¦vm
Kivi A_©B Zuv‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq I †`navix e‡j wek¦vm Kiv|
AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x AvwjgMY wewfbœ hyw³ w`‡q e‡jb †h, gnvb Avjøvni kÖeY, `k©b, Rxeb BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv we‡klYB m„wói
gZ bq| AvwLiv‡Z Avjøvn‡K †`Lv Avi `ywbqv‡Z †Kv‡bv m„wó‡K †`Lv GK bq| ev¯Í‡e G hyw³¸‡jvB Aewkó hvZx I wdÕjx mKj
we‡klY ¯^xKvi I wek¦vm Kivi †ÿ‡Î GKBfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
wØZxqZ: e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxqZ¡ iÿv Kivi `vweI mwVK bq| †hgb, Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb ej‡Z
Ô`LjÕ ev ÔÿgZv MÖnYÕ ej‡jI GKB mgm¨v _v‡K| KviY `Lj ev ÿgZv MÖnYI Awaôv‡bi gZB gvbexq Kg©| G cÖm‡½ cÖwm×
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Contents

gynvwÏm, gydvm&wmi I nvbvdx dKxn Avjøvgv gvng~` Beb Avãyjøvn ûmvBbx Avj~mx (1270wn/1854L„) e‡jb: Ò†R‡b
ivLyb, A‡bK gvbyl bKjx `jxj ev KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ †_‡K cÖgvwYZ we‡klY¸‡jv gyZvkvwen ev A¯úó A_©‡evaK e‡j MY¨
K‡ib| †hgb Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb, n¯Í, c`, cÖ_g Avmgv‡b AeZiY, nvm¨, AevK nIqv BZ¨vw` we‡klY| mvjd mvwjnxb ev
cÖ_g hy‡Mi eyRyM©‡ì gZvbymv‡i G¸‡jv meB cÖgvwYZ we‡klY, Z‡e G¸‡jvi cÖK…wZ gvbexq Áv‡bi AMg¨| G¸‡jvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡
wek¦vm Kiv Qvov Avgv‡ì‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡bv (e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY ev cÖK…wZ D‡b¥vP‡bi) `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq wb| G¸‡jvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡ wek¦v‡mi
mv‡_ mv‡_ wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h G¸‡jv †`n bq Ges m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| Gfv‡eB KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e³e¨ I Ávbe„wËK
hyw³i g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ `~ixf~Z nq|
cieZ©x hy‡Mi AvwjgMY G¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kivi Ges G¸‡jv Øviv gnvb Avjøvn wK eywS‡q‡Qb Zv wba©viY Kivi gZ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Zviv e‡jb: Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb A_© `Lj MÖnY I weRq jvf| Zuv‡ì g‡Z gnvb Avjøvni AvUwU we‡klY Qvov
Avi †Kv‡bv we‡klY †bB| Avi `Lj Kiv ev weRq jvf Kiv AvUwU we‡kl‡Yi †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl‡Yi cÖKvk gvÎ| .... kvÕivbx
(973 wn) Av`-`yiviæj gvbm~ivn MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, mvjd mvwjnx‡bi gvhnveB AwaK wbivc` I AwaK kw³kvjx| KviY
e¨vLvKvixMY Avi‡ki Dci Awaôv‡bi A_© K‡i‡Qb ivR¨ `Lj Kiv| Gfv‡e †`n I ¯’vb †_‡K cweÎ Ki‡Z †h‡q Zviv Ab¨ GKwU
gvbexq I ¯’vb wbf©i K‡g©i mv‡_ Zuv‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i‡Qb| e¯‘Z Zv‡ì Ávb gnvb Avjøvni cweÎZv eY©bvq kixq‡Zi c~Y©Zvq
†cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i wb| gnvb Avjøvni cweÎZv eY©bvq kixq‡Zi c~Y©Zv cÖKvwkZ nq KziAv‡bi e³‡e¨: Ò†Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq
bqÓ| Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôv‡bi e¨vL¨vq Avi‡ki Dci ÿgZvevb ev `Lj`vi nIqvi K_v ej‡jI mv‡_ mv‡_ G K_v ej‡ZB n‡e
†h, gnvb Avjøvni Avik `Lj gvbyl‡ì †`k `L‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| eis gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi gh©v`vi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© †Kv‡bv
c×wZ‡Z Avi‡ki Dci ÿgZvevb nb| Avi ÔAwaôvbÕ-†K Ô`Lj MÖnYÕ e‡j e¨vL¨v Kivi c‡iI †h‡nZz Giƒc wKQz ej‡Z n‡”Q,
†m‡nZz e¨vL¨vi Kó en‡bi c~‡e©B Zv‡ì ejv DwPZ †h, gnvb Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dc‡i Awaôvb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e Zv gvbexq
Awaôv‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| Zuvi gh©v`vi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© †Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z wZwb Zv K‡i‡Qb| gvbexq Ávb Zuvi ÿgZvi cÖK…wZ
Rvb‡Z Aÿg| Giƒc ejvB Av`‡ei mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©...| 353
11. 5. mKj e¨vL¨vKvixB Rvngx wK bv
Gi wecix‡Z Avgiv †`wL †h, mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Abymvix AvkAvix-gvZzwi`xMY‡K XvjvIfv‡e Rvngx ej‡Qb
ev gyZvwhjx, Rvngx, AvkAvix, gvZzwi`x mKj‡KB GK mvwi‡Z ùvo Kiv‡”Qb| GLv‡b K‡qKwU welq jÿYxq:
(K) Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi mv‡_ ÔRvngx-gyZvwhjxÕ AvKx`vi cv_©K¨ ïay we‡klY wel‡q bq| A‡bK wel‡qi g‡a¨
we‡klY GKwU welq| mKj wel‡q weåvwšÍ Ges GKwU wel‡q weåvwšÍ‡K GKB ch©v‡qi e‡j MY¨ Kiv mwVK bq|
(L) we‡klY wel‡qI Rvngx-gyZvwhjxM‡Yi gZev` I AvkAvix-gvZzwi`x gZev‡ì g‡a¨ e¨vL¨vi welq, cwiwa,
g~jbxwZ I cÖK…wZ‡Z A‡bK cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| GRb¨ we‡klY wel‡qI Dfq gZ‡K GK ch©vqfz³ Kiv mwVK bq|
(M) A‡bK Avwjg e¨vL¨vnxb wek¦vm I e¨vL¨v Dfq gZ ¯^xKvi Kivi cvkvcvwk †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡klY e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡K e¨vL¨vnxb I Zzjbvnxb wek¦vm‡K g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡klY e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡K Zuv‡ì‡KI e¨vL¨vKvix-A¯^xKviKvix‡ì KvZvifz³ K‡ib| welqwU LyeB `ytLRbK| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h,
mvjvd mvwjnxb Ges Zuv‡ì Abymvix †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Bgvg †_‡KI Giƒc e¨vL¨v ewY©Z|
(N) Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb: ÒZuvi nvZ ... A½ bq...Ó, ÒAvgiv evMhš¿ I A¶‡ii gva¨‡g K_v
ewj, Avi gnvb Avjvn evMhš¿ Ges A¶i QvovB K_v e‡jbÓ, Ògnvb Avjvn Avi‡ki Dci Awaôvb MÖnY K‡ib, ... Avi‡ki
Dc‡i w¯’iZv-Dc‡ekb e¨wZ‡i‡KÓ...|
Bgvg Avng` e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjøvn Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ| ... AwawôZ nIqvi A_© wZwb Gi E‡aŸ© ... Awaôv‡bi A_©
Avik ¯úk© K‡i Ae¯’vb Kiv bq,...Ó, Ògnvb Avjvni ... gyLgÊj cÖwZ”Qwe ev AvK…wZ bq Ges AvuKv‡bv e¯‘i gZI bq| eis
gyLgÊj Zuvi GKwU gnvb we‡klY| ... gyLgÊj A_© †`n, Qwe ev AvK…wZ bq| ... gnvb Avjvni `ywU n¯— we`¨gvb| ... n¯—Øq A½-
cÖZ¨½ bq, †`‡ni Ask bq, †`n bq, †`n RvZxq wKQz bq, mxgv, ms‡hvRb, A½-cÖZ¨½ RvZxq wKQzB bq| ... G‡Z KbyB, evû
BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv wKQzi Aw¯—Z¡ Kíbvi my‡hvM †bB|...|Ó
A‡bK Av‡eMx gywgb G¸‡jv‡K wb›`bxq e¨vL¨v e‡j MY¨ K‡i cÖkœ K‡ib: Zuvi n¯Í A½ bq, Zuvi K_v Aÿi bq, Zuvi
BmwZIqv ¯úk© bq, Zuvi gyLgÐj cÖwZ”Qwe bq... Avgiv wKfv‡e Rvbjvg? †h‡nZz Inx‡Z G K_v¸‡jv †bB, †m‡nZz G¸‡jv ejv
hv‡e bv, eis ïay ej‡Z n‡e Avjøvni n¯Í, gyLgÐj.. BZ¨vw` Av‡Q Ges Zv m„wói gZ bq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ BgvgM‡Yi G K_v we‡kl‡Yi
e¨vL¨v ev Inxi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv ms‡hvRb bq, eis gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxq‡Z¡i e¨vL¨v| gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi wb‡Ri wel‡q e‡jb wb †h,
Zuvi gyLgÐj cÖwZ”Qwe, Zuvi n¯Í A½, Zuvi BmwZIqv ¯úk© ...| A_P G mKj we‡klY eY©bv ev kÖeY Ki‡j gvbexq aviYvq Giƒc
wPšÍv P‡j Av‡m| GRb¨ AZzjbxqZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡ZB BgvgMY Giƒc e‡j‡Qb|
(O) e¨vL¨v‡K fyj ejv I e¨vL¨vKvix‡K weåvšÍ ejv GK bq| cvwicvwk©KZv ev hy‡Mi cÖfv‡e A_ev mvaviY gvbyl‡ì‡K
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Zzjbvq wbcwZZ nIqv †_‡K iÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ A‡bK cÖwm× Avwjg gnvb Avjøvni †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡klY e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì
BRwZnv`‡K fzj e‡j MY¨ Kiv Avi Zuv‡ì Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv GK bq| ÔZvKdxiÕ cÖm‡½ Avgiv †`Le †h, Beb ZvBwgqv I Ab¨vb¨
Avwjg e‡j‡Qb: wdKnx wel‡qi b¨vq AvKx`vi wel‡q BRwZnv`x fzj ÿgvK…Z| GRb¨ Avgv‡ì DwPZ Ávbe„wËK mgv‡jvPbv Kiv|
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, Agy‡Ki AgyK e³e¨ Zzjbv ev A¯^xKv‡ii ch©v‡q P‡j hvq ev K_vwU mwVK bq| cvkvcvwk mKj gywgb, we‡klZ
AvwjgM‡Yi cÖwZ ü`‡qi fvjevmv I kÖ×vi cÖKvk Kiv, gywg‡bi wel‡q myaviYv †cvlY Ges gywg‡bi e³‡eï fvj e¨vL¨v KivB
Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡|
Dc‡ii `xN© Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv Abyaveb KiwQ †h, gnvb Avjøvni Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖwZwU gvbylB Zvi Rb¥MZ cÖK…wZ I mnRvZ
Abyf~wZ w`‡q Abyfe K‡i| Z‡e Zuvi mËvi I we‡kl‡Yi cÖK…wZ cwic~Y©fv‡e ü`q½g Kiv gvbexq mv‡aï evB‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Inxi
wbKU AvZ¥mgc©bB wbivcËvi GKgvÎ Dcvq| Inxi gva¨‡g gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi †h cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡K Rvbvi ev Zuvi
gvwidvZ AR©‡bi †mwUB Avgv‡ì GKgvÎ Dcvq| cvkvcvwk G welqK cÖvwšÍKZv cwinvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
12. gnvb Avjvni we‡klY A¯^xKvi ev e¨vL¨v
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb: Ò†h e¨w³ e‡j †h, Avjvni †Kv‡bv wmdvZ ev we‡klY m„ó A_ev bZzb, A_ev G wel‡q
†m wKQy ej‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i, A_ev G wel‡q †m m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i, Z‡e †m Avjvni cÖwZ Cgvb-wenxb Kvwdi|Ó
we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v Kiv ev evwn¨K A‡_©i evB‡i †Kv‡bv iƒcK A_© MÖnY Kiv‡KI Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv we‡klY A¯^xKvi
Kiv ev evwZj Kivi mgch©v‡qi e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÒG K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi nvZ A_© Zuvi ¶gZv A_ev
Zuvi wbqvgZ| KviY Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kivi A_© Avjvni we‡klY evwZj K‡i †Ìqv| Giƒc e¨vL¨v Kiv Kv`vwiqv I gyÕZvwhjv
m¤cÖ`v‡qi ixwZ|Ó
Bgvg Avh‡gi G K_vi e¨vL¨vq †gvjøv Avjx Kvix e‡jb: Abyiƒcfv‡e gnvb Avjøvni Avi‡ki Dci Awaôv‡bi (BmwZIqvi)
e¨vL¨vq ÿgZv MÖnY (BmwZjv) ejv hv‡e bv| KviY Giƒc e¨vL¨vi Øviv we‡klYwU‡K cy‡ivcywiB evwZj Kiv nq|354
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb: ÒZuvi †µva I mš‘wó Zuvi we‡klYmg~‡ni `ywU we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc wbY©q Qvov| G-B
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ-Gi gZ| gnvb Avjvn †µvavwš^Z nb Ges mš‘ó nb| G K_v ejv hv‡e bv †h, Zuvi †µva A_© Zuvi
kvw¯— Ges Zuvi mš‘wó A_© Zuvi cyi¯‹vi| Avjvn wb‡R wb‡R‡K †hiƒ‡c we‡kwlZ K‡i‡Qb AvgivI Zuv‡K †mfv‡eB we‡kwlZ Kwi|Ó
e¯‘Z KziAvb ev nv`x‡mi †Kv‡bv wKQz †Kv‡bv gymwjg mivmwi A¯^xKvi K‡ib bv| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g evwZj
K‡i †`b, hv A¯^xKvi KiviB bvgvš—i| †Kv‡bv we‡klY‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i Zvi mij A‡_©i evB‡i wb‡q hvIqvi A_© we‡klYwU‡K
evwZj Kiv| Avi GRb¨B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e¨vL¨v ev iƒcK A_© MÖnY KivI weåvwšÍ e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
13. BgvgM‡Yi e¨vL¨v-we‡ivwaZvi KviY
mvjd mvwjnxb A_©vr gymwjg D¤§vni cÖ_g hyM¸‡jvi eyRyM©M‡Yi e³e¨ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Zuviv
gnvb Avjøvni we‡klY e¨vL¨v Kivi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ wb‡b¥i KviY¸‡jv Ab¨Zg:
13. 1. Avjøvni wb‡`©kbv MÖnY I Abygvb-wbf©i K_v eR©b
gnvb AvjøvnB Zuvi wb‡Ri mËv I we‡klYvw` m¤ú‡K© mwVK Rv‡bb| wZwb Pvb †h ev›`v Zuvi cÖK…Z gvwidvZ AR©b K‡i Zuvi
Bev`Z KiæK| GRb¨B wZwb KziAvb AeZiY K‡i‡Qb, Abyave‡bi Rb¨ mnR K‡i‡Qb, mKj gywg‡bi Rb¨ mvjv‡Z I mvjv‡Zi
evB‡i wbqwgZ KziAvb cv‡Vi weavb K‡i‡Qb Ges KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ Zuvi cwiPq mnR fvlvq Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ gywg‡bi
wek¦vm Kiv DwPZ †h, KziAv‡b gnvb Avjøvn wb‡Ri wel‡q hv e‡j‡Qb Zv mijfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv Ges G¸‡jv †_‡K gnvb Avjøvni
gvwidvZ, Cgvb, gneŸZ I Bev`Z AR©b KivB gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡| G mKj we‡kl‡Yi †Kv‡bv iƒcK Rvwb‡q †Ìqv †Zv `~‡ii K_v,
G¸‡jvi mij A_© ev` w`‡q †Kv‡bv iƒcK A_© AbymÜv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q e‡jI Avjøvn Rvbvb wb| GRb¨ G mKj we‡kl‡Yi
†Kv‡bv iƒcK A_© Av‡Q e‡j `vwe Kiv †hgb Inxi Bjg Qvov Av›`v‡h Avjøvni wel‡q K_v ejv, †Zgwb †Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl‡Yi
GK ev GKvwaK iƒcK A_© wba©viY KivI Inxi Ávb Qvov Abygv‡bi Dci Avjøvni bv‡g K_v ejv| gnvb Avjøvn Zuvi wel‡q
Av›`v‡h K_v ej‡Z evievi wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|355 G A‡_©B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjvni mËvi wel‡q wb‡Ri c¶
†_‡K wKQz ejv Kv‡iv Rb¨ êa bq; eis wZwb wb‡R‡K †h we‡kl‡Y we‡kwlZ K‡i‡Qb Zuvi wel‡q ïay †m we‡klYB Av‡ivc Ki‡Z
n‡e| G wel‡q wb‡Ri gZ, hyw³ ev BRwZnv` w`‡q wKQzB ejv hv‡e bv|Ó
13. 2. mybœv‡Z beex I mvnvexM‡Yi AbymiY
gnvb Avjøvni cÖK…Z gh©v`v I we‡klY me‡P‡q fvj Rvb‡Zb Zuvi wcÖq ivm~j ()| gnvb Avjøvni gh©v`v cÖwZôvq me‡P‡q
†ewk m‡PóI wQ‡jb wZwb| wZwb KL‡bv G mKj we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v K‡ib wb| Zuvi c‡i Zuvi mvnvexMYI KL‡bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl‡Yi
e¨vL¨v K‡ib wb| mvnvexM‡Yi RxeÏkv‡ZB Bmjvg Agymwjg †`k I mgvR¸‡jv‡Z cÖPvi I cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| Bn~`x, L„÷vb,
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cviwmqvb I Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i jÿ jÿ gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| mvnvexMY Zv‡ì Kv‡Q KziAvb I mybœvni AMwYZ welq
e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ KL‡bvB Zuviv G mKj we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v K‡ib wb| Zuviv G mKj we‡klY cÖKvk¨ A‡_© cvV K‡i‡Qb Ges
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡liv G¸‡jv †_‡K fzj eyS‡e ev gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxqZ¡ webó nIqvi gZ †Kv‡bv A_© MÖnY Ki‡e †f‡e Zuviv
G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v Zv‡ì mvg‡b K‡ib wb| G¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk¨ A‡_© eyS‡j †Kv‡bv ÿwZ n‡e e‡jI Zuviv Rvbvb wb|
ZvweqxM‡Yi hyMI Gfv‡eB AwZµvšÍ n‡q hvq| wØZxq wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a©, ZvweqxM‡Yi hy‡Mi †kl w`‡K, G welqK
weZK© ïiæ nq| Rvng Beb mvdIqvb I Zvi AbymvixMY gnvb Avjøvni AZzjbxqZ¡ cÖwZôvi `vwe‡Z we‡kl‡Yi e¨vL¨v I iƒcK A_©
cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| ZLb Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxMY mK‡jB Giƒc e¨vL¨vi cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges GKev‡K¨ e¨vL¨vgy³ I Zzjbvgy³
wek¦v‡mi K_v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| mybœv‡Z beex I mybœv‡Z mvnvevi e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuviv `x‡bi AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv|
KviY `xb †Zv Zv-B hv KziAvb I mybœvn-G we`¨gvb Ges mvnvexMY KZ©„K AvPwiZ| Gi evB‡i †Kv‡bv K_v, e¨vL¨v, gZ ev Kg©‡K
`x‡bi AšÍf©y³ KivB weÀvZ| Avi G A‡_©B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb: Òwelq †Zv ïay ZvB hv KziAvb wb‡q G‡m‡Q, ivm~jyjøvn
 hvi `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb Ges gvbyl‡ì `j-wdiKvq wef³ nIqvi Av‡M Zuvi mvnvexMY hvi Dc‡i wQ‡jb| G¸‡jv Qvov hv wKQz
Av‡Q meB be-D™¢vweZ weÀvZ|Ó
K‡g© I eR©‡b Zuv‡ì AbymiYB Bmjvg| Zuviv hv e‡j‡Qb Zv ejv †hgb `xb| †Zgwb Zuviv hv e‡jb wb Zv bv ejvB
`xb| hv KziAv‡b †bB, ivm~jyjøvn  hv e‡jb wb Ges mvnvexMYI hv e‡jb wb Zv ej‡ZI Zuviv ivwR wQ‡jb bv| GRb¨ cÖPÐ
wbh©vZ‡bi g‡aÏ Bgvg Avng` ïay ejwQ‡jb: ÒAvgv‡K Avjøvni wKZve Ges Zuvi ivm~‡ji mybœvZ †_‡K wKQz cÖ`vb Kiæb|Ó
G g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvgyj nvivgvBb e‡j‡Qb: Òhw` G mKj evwn¨K we‡klY¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v Riæix n‡Zv Z‡e
wbtm‡›`‡n kixq‡Zi wdKnx gvmAvjv¸‡jv e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kivi †P‡q Cgvb-AvKx`v welqK GmKj AvqvZ-nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vi
wel‡q mvnvex-ZvweqxMY A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| A_P †Kv‡bviƒc e¨vL¨v QvovB mvnvex I ZvweqxM‡Yi hyM
AwZµvšÍ n‡q †Mj| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h, e¨vL¨vgy³ wek¦v‡mi G gZwUB AbymiY‡hvM¨ AvKx`v|Ó
13. 3. Inxi gvbexq e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gvb cÖ`vb †iva
e¨vL¨v wbf©i AvKx`vi fq¼i GKwU w`K gvbexq e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gvb cÖ`vb| Inxi e³e¨ Abyave‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK mgq
mvaviY e¨vL¨v wKQzUv mnvqK nq| Z‡e Giƒc e¨vL¨v gvbexq eyw×cÖm~Z K_v Qvov wKQzB bq| Abyaveb, wkÿvMÖnY BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvR‡b
G¸‡jvi mnvqZv †bIqv ¯^vfvweK| wKš‘ Giƒc e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gZB `xb, Cgvb ev AvKx`vi welqe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ Kiv `x‡bi
weK…wZi Ab¨Zg KviY| L„÷a‡g©i weK…wZi welqwU Aa¨qb Ki‡jB welqwU my¯úó n‡q hvq| gymwjg D¤§vni weåvšÍ `j¸‡jvi
weåvwšÍi Ab¨Zg KviY ÔZvdmxiÕ ev e¨vL¨v‡K Inxi gvb cÖ`vb|
13. 4. e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Inxi evwn¨K A‡_©i cwieZ©b †iva
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Inxi ÁvbB `x‡bi g~j| Inx‡K mij I evwn¨K A‡_© MÖnY KivB gyw³i mywbwðZ c_| cÿvšÍ‡i
Inx‡K iƒcK A‡_© e¨vL¨v Kivi ìRv D‡b¥vPb KivB aŸs‡mi mywbwðZ c_| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡¤œi K‡qKwU welq jÿYxq:
(1) gnvb Avjvn mKj gvby‡li †cÖggq mªóv| gvbexq Ávb-eyw× w`‡q gvbyl †h wel‡q wbwðZ m‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z mÿg nq bv
ev gZ‡f` m„wó K‡i †m wel‡q gZ‡f` `~i K‡i mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨B gnvb Avjøvn Inxmn bex-ivm~jMY‡K †cÖiY
K‡ib Ges Inxi e³e¨ mK‡ji Rb¨ mnR‡eva¨ K‡ib| 356 mvaviY Dc‡`‡ki †¶‡Î Aj¼vi-Gi Avkªq †bIqv m¤¢e n‡jI
Cgvb-AvKx`vi welq Aj¼v‡ii bv‡g A¯úó Kivi A_© gvby‡li Rb¨ gyw³i c_‡K `y‡e©va¨ Kiv Ges gZ‡f` `~ixf~Z bv K‡i Zv
Av‡iv Nbxf~Z Kiv| Inx‡K e¨vL¨vi bv‡g evwn¨K A_© wfbœ Ab¨ A‡_© eënvi Kivi A_© Inx‡K AKvh©Ki Kiv|
(2) gnvb Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Inx I wKZve jv‡fi c‡iI weåvwšÍi AZj MnŸ‡i wbcwZZ nIqvi Ab¨Zg c_ Inxi
e¨vL¨v| mvay cj KZ©„K L„÷a‡g©i weK…wZ Gi cÖK…ó D`vniY| cÖPwjZ BwÄ‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Cmv gvmx‡ni e³‡eï g‡a¨
Avjøvni GKZ¡ev`, Cmv gvmx‡ni gvbeZ¡, Zuvi Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv, gyw³ `v‡b Zuvi AcviMZv, gyw³i Rb¨ kixqZ cvj‡bi
evaëvaKZv, gvby‡li Rb¥MZ wb®úvcZ¡ BZ¨vw` wel‡q my¯úó e³e¨ we`¨gvb| cÿvšÍ‡i wÎZ¡ev`, Cmv gvmx‡ni Ck¦iZ¡, kixqZ
cvj‡bi AcÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Avw`cvc, cÖvqwðZ¡ev`, Cmv gvmx‡ni cvc enb BZ¨vw` wel‡q GKwUI my¯úó ev Ø¨_©nxb e³e¨ †bB|
mvay cj cÖ_‡g MÖxK `k©b I †ivgvb †cŠËwjK a‡g©i Av`‡j G mKj weåvwšÍKi Kzdix gZev` ˆZwi K‡ib| Gici evB‡e‡ji
wKQz e³‡eï `~ieZ©x Ace¨vL¨v‡K Zvi G Kzdix gZev‡ì Ò`jxjÓ wn‡m‡e †ck K‡ib| Gici G¸‡jvi wecix‡Z ZvInx`,
wimvjvZ, kixqZ, Cmv gvmx‡ni gvbeZ¡ BZ¨vw` wel‡q BwÄ‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb AMwYZ my¯úó e³e¨‡K bvbvwea D™¢U `~ieZ©x
e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g evwZj Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Avgvi †jLv ÒwKZveyj gyKvÏvm, BwÄj kixd I Cmvqx ag©Ó eBwU cvV Ki‡j cvVK G
wel‡q A‡bK Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| gymwjg D¤§vni weåvšÍ‡ìI GKB Ae¯’v| kxqv, Kvw`qvbx, evwZbx, gvwidZx-dKxi
m¤úª`vq I Ab¨vb¨ mKj weåvšÍ m¤úª`v‡qi mKj weåvwšÍi wfwË e¨vL¨v I iƒcK A_© MÖnY| Kv‡RB e¨vL¨v I iƒcK A‡_©i ìRv
eÜ bv Ki‡j Inxi Kvh©KvwiZv iÿv Kiv m¤¢e bq|
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(3) e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Inx‡K evwn¨K A_© †_‡K †ei Kiv gvbe ü`‡qi gnve¨vwa| wb‡Ri gb-gwR©i wecixZ n‡jB †m B”QvgZ
Inxi GKwU iƒcK A_© ev e¨vL¨v K‡i| Avjøvni Awaôvb A_© ÿgZv `Lj, n¯Í A_© ÿgZv BZ¨vw` ejvi c‡i RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg,
AvwLivZ BZ¨vw` welqK Ace¨vL¨vI mnR n‡q hvq| AvKx`v welqK e¨vL¨v MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi ci dih-IqvwRe I nvjvj-nvivg
welqK e¨vL¨vI MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡q hvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e wewfbœ e¨vL¨v I iƒcK A_© K‡i mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, n¾ BZ¨vw` eR©b Kiv
Ges g`, e¨wfPvi BZ¨vw` gnvcv‡c wjß nIqvi c_I Db¥y³ n‡q hvq| Avgiv †`Le †h, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ welqK nv`xm¸‡jv
AvÿwiK A_© †_‡K †ei K‡i iƒcK e¨vLvi gva¨‡g gvbyl wKfv‡e weåvšÍ n‡q‡Q I n‡”Q| GRb¨B cÖ_g hyM¸‡jvi BgvgMY e¨vL¨v ev
iƒcK A‡_©i bv‡g Inxi †Kv‡bv kã ev evK¨‡K evwn¨K A‡_©i e¨wZµg A‡_© MÖnY Kivi we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb|
14. Avjvni m„wó, Bjg, ZvK`xi I cvc-cyY¨
Avjvni we‡kl‡Yi wel‡q êcixZ¨ Kíbvi GKwU w`K ZvK`xi| KziAvb I nv`xm †_‡K Avgiv Avjvni Abvw`-Abš—,
me©e¨vcx Áv‡bi K_v, Zuvi ¶gZv I B”Qvi K_v Rvb‡Z cvwi Ges cvkvcvwk Avjvni b¨vqcivqYZv, b¨vqwePvi I Ki“Yvi K_v
Rvb‡Z cvwi| A‡b‡K G `y we‡kl‡Yi g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ Kíbv K‡i‡Qb|
cÖ_g we‡kl‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgiv Rvwb †h, gnvb Avjvn Abvw`Kvj †_‡K Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ †K, KLb, wKfv‡e wK Kg© Ki‡e Zv
meB Rv‡bb| Avgiv KziAvb I nv`x‡mi gva¨‡g Rvwb †h, gnvb Avjvn Zuvi G Ávb jvI‡n gvndz‡h wjwce× K‡i iv‡Lb| Avgiv
Av‡iv Rvwb †h, gnvb Avjvni i“e~weq¨v‡Zi b~¨bZg `vwe †h, Zuvi Áv‡bi A‡MvP‡i I B”Qvi evB‡i c„w_ex‡Z wKQyB NU‡Z cvi‡e
bv| G †_‡K †KD †KD `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, Zvn‡j gvbyl hv wKQz K‡i Zv Avjvni wb‡`©‡kB K‡i, Kv‡RB gvby‡li K‡g©i Rb¨ Zv‡K
Acivax e‡j MY¨ Kiv hvq bv| Giv gvby‡li ¯^vaxb B”Qv, Avjvni b¨vqcivqYZv I Kg©dj welqK AvqvZ I nv`xm¸‡jv wewfbœ
e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj K‡ib| Aciw`‡K †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib †h, Avjvni Ávb, wjLb I B”Qvi G mKj welq Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZvi
we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Kv‡RB b¨vqcivqYZvi we‡klY MÖnY K‡i Ab¨vb¨ we‡klY e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avm‡j G meB Avjvni we‡klY‡K gvby‡li we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kivi dj| Avjvni †¶‡Î Zuvi me©e¨vcx Ávb, wjLwb I
B”Qvi mv‡_ gvby‡li ¯^vaxb B”Qv, I b¨vqwePv‡ii †Kv‡bviƒc êcixZ¨ †bB| gywgb mij I mnR A‡_© Dfq cÖKv‡ii we‡klY wek¦vm
Ki‡eb| mgš^‡qi Rb¨ G welqK g~jbxwZ AbymiY Ki‡eb| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB GKwU cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨wU e¨vL¨v K‡i evwZj
Ki‡eb bv|
ZvK`x‡i wek¦vm B‡Zvc~‡e© AviKvbyj Cgv‡bi e¨vL¨vi mgq Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi mg‡q welqwU wb‡q
weåvš— `j¸‡jv e¨vcK weåvwš— Qov‡Zv| Kv`vwiqvMY I gyZvwhjvMY ZvK`xi m¤ú~Y© A¯^xKvi KiZ| Aciw`‡K RvevwiqvMY
gvby‡li ¯^vaxb B”Qv m¤ú~Y© A¯^xKvi KiZ| GRb¨ Bgvg G wel‡q we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G cwi‡”Q‡ì ïiæ‡Z D×…Z
e³‡e¨ wZwb e‡j‡Qb:
Ògnvb Avjvn mewKQz m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Abw¯—Z¡ †_‡K Aw¯—Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| mKj wKQz m„wói Av‡MB Abvw`Kvj †_‡K wZwb
G¸‡jvi wel‡q AeMZ wQ‡jb| mKj wKQzB wZwb wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Ges weavb w`‡q‡Qb| `ywbqvq I AvwLiv‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zuvi
B”Qv, Ávb, weavb, wba©viY I jvI‡n gvnd‚‡h wjwce×-KiY Qvov N‡U bv| Zuvi wjLwb eY©bvg~jK, wb‡`©kg~jK bq| weavb cÖ`vb,
wba©viY I B”Qv Zuvi Abvw` we‡klY, †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc, wKiƒc ev wKfv‡e AbymÜvb Qvov| wm×vš—, wba©viY I B”Qv Zuvi Abvw`-Abš—
we‡klY †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc wRÁvmv Qvov| gnvb Avjvn Aw¯—Z¡nxb welq‡K Aw¯—Z¡nxb Ae¯’vq Aw¯—Z¡nxb wn‡m‡e Rv‡bb, Ges wZwb
Rv‡bb †h, wZwb Zv‡K Aw¯—Z¡ w`‡j Zv wKiƒc n‡e| Avjvn Aw¯—Z¡kxj welq‡K Zvi Aw¯—Z¡kxj Ae¯’vq Rv‡bb Ges wZwb Rv‡bb †h,
Zv wKfv‡e we‡jvc jvf Ki‡e| Avjvn `Êvqgvb‡K `Êvqgvb Ae¯’vq `Êvqgvb iƒ‡c Rv‡bb| Ges hLb †m Dcweó nq ZLb wZwb
Zuv‡K Dcweó Ae¯’vq Dcweó Rv‡bb| Giƒc Rvbvq Zuvi Áv‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b nq bv ev Zuvi ÁvbfvÊv‡i †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡
ms‡hvwRZ nq bv| cwieZ©b I bZzbZ¡ meB m„óRxe‡ì Ae¯’vi g‡a¨|
gnvb Avjvn m„óRMZ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Cgvb I Kzdi †_‡K wegy³ Ae¯’vq| AZtci wZwb Zv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Qb
Ges Av‡`k I wb‡la cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| †h e¨w³ Kzd&ix K‡i‡Q †m wb‡Ri Kg© Øviv, A¯^xKvi K‡i, mZ¨‡K Agvb¨ K‡i Ges
Avjvni mvnvh¨, ingZ I ZvIdxK †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q Kzd&ix K‡i‡Q| Avi †h e¨w³ Cgvb G‡b‡Q †m Zvi Kg© Øviv, ¯^xK…wZ
Øviv, mZ¨ e‡j †NvlYv K‡i Ges Avjvni ZvIdxK I mvnvh¨ jv‡fi gva¨‡g Cgvb G‡b‡Q| wZwb Av`‡gi wcV †_‡K Zuvi
eskai‡ì‡K cigvYyi AvK…wZ‡Z †ei K‡i Zv‡ì‡K †evakw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì‡K m‡¤^vab K‡ib ÒAvwg wK
†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK bB? Zviv e‡j: nu¨vÓ| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Cgv‡bi wb‡`©k †`b Ges Kzd&i †_‡K wb‡la K‡ib| Zviv Zuvi
i“e~weq¨v‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| G wQj Zv‡ì c¶ †_‡K Cgvb| Av`g mš—vbMY GB wdZiv‡Zi Dc‡iB Rb¥jvf K‡i| Gici
†h Kzd&ix K‡i †m wb‡R‡K cwieZ©b I weK…Z K‡i| Avi †h Cgvb Av‡b Ges mZ¨Zvi †NvlYv †`q †m Zvi mnRvZ Cgv‡bi
Dc‡i cÖwZwôZ _v‡K|
wZwb Zuvi m„wói KvD‡K Kzdix Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib wb Ges Cgvb Avb‡ZI eva¨ K‡ib wb| wZwb KvD‡K gywgb iƒ‡c ev
Kvwdi iƒ‡c m„wó K‡ib wb| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K e¨w³ iƒ‡c m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Cgvb I Kzd&i ev›`v‡ì Kg©| Kvwdi‡K Avjvn Zvi
Kzdix Ae¯’vq Kvwdi wn‡m‡eB Rv‡bb| hLb †m Gici Cgvb Avbqb K‡i ZLb Avjvn Zv‡K Zvi Cgv‡bi Ae¯’vq gywgb
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wn‡m‡e Rv‡bb Ges fvjev‡mb| Avi G‡Z Avjvni Ávb I we‡kl‡Y †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
ev›`v‡ì mKj Kg© I wb®‹g©Zv- Ae¯’vb I mÂjb meB cÖK…Z A‡_©B Zv‡ì DcvR©b, Avjvn ZvÔAvjv †m m‡ei mªóv| G
meB Zuvi B”Qvq, Áv‡b, dqmvjvq I wba©vi‡Y| Avjvni AvbyM‡Zï mKj Kg© Avjvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Ri“ix Ges Zv Avjvni
gneŸZ, mš‘wó, Ávb, B”Qv, dqmvjv I wba©viY Abymv‡i| mKj cvcKg© Avjvni Ávb, dqmvjv, wba©viY I B”Qvi g‡a¨ msNwUZ,
Z‡e Zv Avjvni gneŸZ, mš‘wó Ges Avjvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i msNwUZ bq|Ó
GLv‡b g~j welq ev›`vi wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ Abyfe Kiv| gnvb Avjvn e‡j‡Qb, ev›`v Zzwg Kg© Ki, Avwg KL‡bvB Kv‡iv Kg©dj
bó Kie bv ev Kv‡iv Dci Ryjyg Kie bv| Avevi wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ev›`v Avwg Rvwb Zzwg wK Ki‡e, Avwg B”Qv Ki‡j †Zvgvi Kg©
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvwi Ges Avgvi B”Qvi wei“‡× Zzwg †h‡Z cvi bv| GLb ev›`vi mvg‡b `ywU weKí: GKRb ev›`v Rv‡b †h Avjvn
meB Rv‡bb Ges Zuvi B”Qvi evB‡i wKQzB nq bv, †m GI Rv‡b †h Avjvn Zv‡K Kg© Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| GLb Zvi g‡b bvbvb
cÖkœ| Avjvni Bj‡g Kx Av‡Q Avgvi wel‡q? Avjvn hLb meB Rv‡bb Zvn‡j Avi Kó K‡i Kx jvf? Avjvn KvR Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb
e‡U, Z‡e Zv‡Z Kx jvf n‡e? Gfv‡e ev›`v Avjvni Ávb I K‡g©i wnmve MÖn‡Y e¨¯— n‡q c‡o Ges wb‡Ri `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv K‡i|
G ev›`v g~jZ Avjvni wb‡`‡k©I wek¦vm K‡i wb Ges Avjvni Iqv`v‡ZI wek¦vm K‡i wb| †m wb‡R‡K Avjvni Kv‡Ri wnmve
MÖnYKvix e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n †m aŸsmMÖ¯—|
Ab¨ GKRb ev›`v Rv‡b †h, Avjvn meB Rv‡bb Ges Zuvi B”Qvi evB‡i wKQzB nq bv, †m GI Rv‡b †h Avjvn Zv‡K
Kg© Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| †m Rv‡b Avjvni gnvb Ávb I B”Qvi cÖK…wZ Abyaveb Kiv Avgvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq, Avgvi
`vwqZ¡I bq| Avwg Avjvni Ávb I B”Qvq wek¦vm Kwi Ges Avjvni Iqv`v I `qvq wek¦vm Kwi| Avwg Avgvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
†Póv Kwi Ges Avjvni mvnvh¨ I `qv PvB‡Z _vwK| wbtm‡›`‡n G ev›`v mdjZvi c_ †c‡q‡Q|
G wel‡q Bgvg Zvnvex (ivn) e‡jb:
‫ َو ُﺴﱠﻠ ُم‬،‫ﻻن‬ِ ‫ﯿﻌﺔُ اْﻟ ِﺨ ْذ‬َ ‫ك َذ ِر‬َ ِ‫ظُر ِﻓﻲ َذﻟ‬ َ ‫ق َواﻟﱠﻨ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘﱠ َﻌ ﱡﻤ‬،‫ َوﻻ َﻨﺒِ ﱞﻲ ُﻤ ْر َﺴ ٌل‬،‫ب‬
ٌ ‫ك ُﻤ َﻘﱠر‬ ٌ َ‫ك َﻤﻠ‬َ ِ‫ ﻟَ ْم َﯿطﱠِﻠ ْﻊ َﻋﻠَﻰ َذﻟ‬،‫َﺼ ُل اْﻟﻘَ َد ِر ِﺴﱡر اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ِﻓﻲ َﺨْﻠِﻘ ِﻪ‬
ْ ‫َوأ‬
،‫ﺎﻫ ْم َﻋ ْن َﻤَر ِاﻤ ِﻪ‬ ‫ وَدرﺠﺔُ ﱡ‬،‫ﺎن‬
ُ ‫ َوَﻨ َﻬ‬،‫ﺎﻤ ِﻪ‬ِ ‫طوى ِﻋْﻠم اْﻟﻘَ َد ِر ﻋ ْن أََﻨ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ َ ِ‫ ﻓَﺎْﻟ َﺤ َذَر ُﻛ ﱠل اْﻟ َﺤ َذ ِر ِﻤ ْن َذﻟ‬،‫ﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟط ْﻐَﯿ‬ ِ
َ َ َ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ﱠن اﻟﻠﻪَ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬،ً‫ك َﻨظًَار َوﻓ ْﻛًار َوَو ْﺴ َو َﺴﺔ‬ َ َ َ ِ ‫اْﻟﺤ ْرَﻤ‬
‫ﺎن ِﻤ َن‬ َ ‫ﺎب َﻛ‬ ِ َ‫ وﻤ ْن رﱠد ُﺤ ْﻛم اْﻟ ِﻛﺘ‬،‫ﺎب‬
َ َ ََ
ِ َ‫ ﻟِم ﻓَ َﻌ َل؟ ﻓَﻘَ ْد رﱠد ُﺤ ْﻛم اْﻟ ِﻛﺘ‬:‫ َﻓﻤ ْن َﺴﺄَ َل‬،(‫ون‬
َ َ َ
ِِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ َ ُ‫َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻗَﺎ َل اﻟﻠﻪُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘَﺎﺒﻪ )ﻻَ ُﯿ ْﺴﺄَ ُل َﻋ ﱠﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻔ َﻌ ُل َو ُﻫ ْم ُﯿ ْﺴﺄَﻟ‬
ِ
َ ‫اْﻟ َﻛﺎﻓ ِر‬
.‫ﯿن‬
Òg~j ZvK`xi m„wóRM‡Z Avjvn& ZvÕAvjvi GK inm¨| G m¤ú‡K© Avjvni mvwbœa¨cÖvß †Kv‡bv wdwikZvI AeMZ bb,
†Kv‡bv bex ivm~jI AeMZ bb| G wel‡q Mfxifv‡e Zwj‡q †`Lvi †Póv Kiv ev wPš—v fvebv Kivi cwiYwZ e¨_©Zv, eÂbv I
mxgvjsNb e¨ZxZ Avi wKQyB bq| Kv‡RB, G wb‡q wPš—v fvebv I Kzgš¿Yv n‡Z c~Y© mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY, Avjvn& ¯^qs
ZvK`x‡ii Ávb Zvui m„wóKyj †_‡K †Mvcb †i‡L‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì‡K Gi ZË¡ D`NvU‡bi cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv †_‡K eviY K‡i‡Qb|
Avjvn& ZvÔAvjv Zvui cweÎ wKZv‡e e‡jb: ÒwZwb hv K‡ib †m m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡K cÖkœ Kiv hv‡e bv eis ZvivB Avcb K…ZK‡g©i
Rb¨ wRÁvwmZ n‡e|Ó357 myZivs †h e¨w³ cÖkœ Ki‡jv, ÔwZwb †Kb G KvR Ki‡jb?Õ †m Avm‡j Avjvni wKZv‡ei wb‡`©k
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jv| Avi †h e¨w³ wKZv‡ei wb‡`©k cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †m Kvwdi‡ì Aš—©f~³ n‡q hvq|Ó 358
Bgvg Zvnvex Av‡iv e‡jb;
ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ ﻟَ َﻘِد اْﻟﺘَ َﻤ َس ﺒِو َﻫ ِﻤ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﻓَ ْﺤ‬،‫ﯿﻤﺎ‬ ِ ِ ِ َ ‫َﺤﻀر ﻟِﻠﱠﻨ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ِﱠ‬ ِ
،‫ﯿﻤﺎ‬
ً ‫ص اْﻟ َﻐْﯿب ﺴ�ار َﻛﺘ‬ َ ً ‫ظ ِر ﻓﯿﻪ َﻗْﻠًﺒﺎ َﺴﻘ‬ ً ‫ﺼ َﺎر ﻟﻠﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻓﻲ اْﻟﻘَ َد ِر َﺨﺼ‬
َ َ ْ ‫ َوأ‬،‫ﯿﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻓَ َوْﯿ ٌل ﻟ َﻤ ْن‬
.‫ﯿﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺎد ﺒِﻤﺎ ﻗَ َ ِ ِ ﱠ‬
ً ‫ﺎل ﻓﯿﻪ أَﻓﺎ ًﻛﺎ أَﺜ‬ َ َ ‫َو َﻋ‬
ÒAZGe, Ggb †jv‡Ki aŸsm AeavwiZ †h ZvK`x‡ii e¨vcv‡i Avjvni mv‡_ we‡iv‡a wjß nq Ges weKviMÖ¯— ü`q
wb‡q G‡Z wPš—v fvebvq cÖe„Ë nq| wbðqB †m wbR aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡q A`„k¨ RM‡Zi GKwU ¸ß in‡mï AbymÜv‡b m‡Pó
n‡jv Ges G wel‡q Am½Z Aev¯—e K_v e‡j ‡m wb‡R‡K wg_ÿK I cvwc‡ô cwiYZ Ki‡jv|Ó 359
G MÖ‡š’i cieZ©x †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Aby‡”Q‡` Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ZvK`xi welqK Av‡iv wKQz cÖm½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q
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‫‪Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`:‬‬
‫‪BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv, mvnvev‡q †Kivg,‬‬
‫‪ZvKdxi, mybœvZ I BgvgvZ‬‬
‫‪Bgvg AvÕhg Ave~ nvbxdv byÕgvb Beb mvweZ (ivn) e‡jb:‬‬
‫ت‬‫ﺼ َﻐ ِﺎﺌ ِر َوا ْﻟ َﻛ َﺒ ِﺎﺌ ِر َوا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر َوا ْﻟﻘَ َﺒ ِﺎﺌ ِﺢ‪َ ،‬وﻗَ ْد َﻛﺎ َﻨ ْت ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻬ ْم َزﻻﱠ ٌ‬‫ﺴﻼَ ُم ُﻛﻠﱡ ُﻬ ْم ُﻤ َﻨ ﱠزُﻫ ْو َن َﻋ ِن اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎء َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ُم اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫اَﻷَ ْﻨ ِﺒ َﯿ ُ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺨ ِط ْﯿ َﺌ ٌ‬
‫ﺸ ِر ْك‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻔ ﱡﯿ ُﻪ َوَﻨ ِﻘﯿﱡ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﻌ ُﺒ ِد اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺼ َﻨ َم َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ ْ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱠ َم َﻨ ِﺒ ﱡﺒ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ْﺒ ُدﻩُ َو َر ُ‬
‫ﺴ ْوﻟُ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱠﻰ اﷲُ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ َو َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺴ ْو ُل اﷲ َ‬ ‫َو ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌد َر ُ‬
‫ﺼ ِﻐ ْﯿ َرةً َوﻻَ َﻛ ِﺒ ْﯿ َرةً ﻗَطﱡ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ط ْرﻓَ َﺔ َﻋ ْﯿ ٍن ﻗَط‪َ ،‬وﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْرﺘَﻛ ْب َ‬‫ﺎﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َ‬ ‫ِﺒ ِ‬
‫ق ﺜُﱠم‬ ‫ﺎب ا ْﻟﻔَ ُﺎر ْو ُ‬ ‫ق ﺜُ ﱠم ُﻋﻤر ْﺒ ُن ا ْﻟ َﺨطﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻼَ ُم أَُﺒ ْو َﺒ ْﻛ ٍر ﱢ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﱢد ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻼَةُ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎس َﺒ ْﻌ َد اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱢﯿ ْﯿ َن َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ُم اﻟ ﱠ‬‫ﻀ ُل اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِ‬ ‫َوأَ ْﻓ َ‬
‫َُ‬
‫اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎ َﻟﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم أَ ْﺠ َﻤ ِﻌ ْﯿ َن‪َ ،‬ﻋﺎ ِﺒ ِد ْﯿ َن ﺜَﺎ ِﺒ ِﺘ ْﯿ َن‬
‫ان ِ‬ ‫ﻀ َو ُ‬ ‫ﻀﻰ ِر ْ‬ ‫ﺎن ُذ ْو اﻟ ﱡﻨ ْوَرْﯿ ِن ﺜُ ﱠم َﻋﻠِ ﱡﻲ ْﺒ ُن أَِﺒ ْﻲ طَﺎﻟِ ٍب ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْرﺘَ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ْﺒ ُن َﻋﻔﱠ َ‬ ‫ُﻋﺜْ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ق َﻛﺎ ُﻨ ْوا‪َ ،‬ﻨﺘََوﻻﱠ ُﻫ ْم َﺠ ِﻤ ْﯿﻌﺎً َوﻻَ َﻨ ْذ ُﻛ ُر اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺼ َﺤ َﺎﺒ َﺔ إِﻻﱠ ِﺒ َﺨ ْﯿ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ق َو َﻤ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬
‫َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬
‫ﺴ ﱢﻤ ْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﺴم ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬وُﻨ َ‬ ‫ت َﻛ ِﺒ ْﯿرةً إِ َذا ﻟَم َﯿ ْ ِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴﺘَﺤﻠ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وﻻَ ُﻨ ِزْﯿ ُل َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﱡ ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎً ِﺒ َذ ْﻨب ﻤ َن اﻟذ ُﻨ ْوب َ ٕوِا ْن َﻛﺎ َﻨ َ َ‬
‫وﻻَ ُﻨ َﻛﻔﱢر ﻤ ِ‬
‫ُ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﺴﻘﺎً َﻏ ْﯿر َﻛ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻓ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨﺎً ﺤ ِﻘ ْﯿﻘَ ًﺔ وﯿﺠوُز أَ ْن ﯿ ُﻛو َن ﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨﺎً ﻓَ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺴ ﱠﻨ ٌﺔ‬
‫ﺎن ُ‬
‫ﻀ َ‬ ‫اوْﯿ ُﺢ ِﻓ ْﻲ ﻟَ َﯿﺎﻟِ ْﻲ َ‬
‫ﺸ ْﻬ ِر َرَﻤ َ‬ ‫ﺴ ﱠﻨ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺘﱠَر ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ُﺢ َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﺨﻔ ْﯿ ِن ُ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْ‬
‫ﺎﺠ ٍر ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ِﻨ ْﯿ َن َﺠ ِﺎﺌ َزةٌ‪.‬‬‫ف ُﻛ ﱢل َﺒﱟر َوﻓَ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻼَةُ َﺨ ْﻠ َ‬
‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
Contents

e½vbyev`
bexMY mK‡jB mMxiv †Mvbvn, Kexiv †Mvbvn, Kzd&i I Akvjxb Kg© †_‡K cweÎ I wegy³ wQ‡jb| Z‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv
mvgvb¨ c`öjb I fyjÎ“wU Zuv‡ì N‡U‡Q|
Ges gynv¤§v` () Avjvni bex, Zuvi ev›`v, Zuvi ivm~j, Zuvi g‡bvbxZ wbe©vwPZ, Zuvi evQvBK…Z| wZwb KL‡bv g~wZ©i
Bev`Z K‡ib wb Ges KL‡bvB GK cj‡Ki RbÏ Avjvni mv‡_ wkiK K‡ib wb| wZwb KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv mMxiv ev Kexiv
†Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii cv‡c wjß nb wb|
bexM‡Yi (Av) c‡i gvbe RvwZi g‡a¨ m‡e©vËg I me©‡kªô n‡jb Ave~ evK&i wmÏxK, Zuvi c‡i Dgvi Bebyj LvËve
Avj-dviƒK, Zuvi c‡i hybœyivBb Dmgvb Beb Avd&dvb, Zuvi c‡i Avjx Beb Avex Zvwje Avj-gyiZvhv, ivw`qvjvû Avbûg
AvRgvCb, Avjvn Zuv‡ì mK‡ji cÖwZ mš‘ó nb| Zuviv AvRxeb Avjvni Bev`‡Zi g‡a¨, m‡Zï Dc‡i I m‡Zï mv‡_
mycÖwZwôZ †_‡K‡Qb| Avgiv Zuv‡ì mKj‡KB fvjevwm I Ijx wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kwi| Avgiv ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi †Kv‡bv GKRb
mvnvexi wel‡qI fvj K_v Qvov wKQz ewj bv|
Avgiv †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K †Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Kvwdi ewj bv, hwÌ Zv †Kv‡bv Kexiv †Mvbvn nq, hZ¶Y bv †m e¨w³
D³ cvcwU‡K nvjvj e‡j wek¦vm K‡i| Avgiv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv gymwj‡gi ÔCgvbÕ-Gi bvg AcmviY Kwi bv| eis Avgiv
Zv‡K cÖK…ZB gywgb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kwi, †m Kvwdi bv n‡q GKRb cvcx gywgb n‡Z cv‡i|
†gvRvØ‡qi Dci gvm&n Kiv (†gvQv) mybœvZ| Ges ivgv`vb gv‡mi ivwÎ¸wj‡Z Zvivexn mybœvZ|
mKj †bKKvi I cvcx gywg‡bi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq êa|
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Contents
e¨vL¨v I UxKv
1. BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv
BmgvZ (‫ )اﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ‬kãwU ÔAvmvgvÕ (‫ﺼ َم‬
َ ‫ ) َﻋ‬wµqvg~j †_‡K M„nxZ, hvi A_© wb‡la Kiv, msi¶Y Kiv ev †ndvhZ Kiv
(prevent, guard, protect)| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq ÔBmgvZÕ ej‡Z eySv‡bv nq Avjvni c¶ †_‡K †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K cvc ev fyj-åvwš—
†_‡K msi¶Y Kiv| mvaviYZ G‡K Aåvš—Zv, wb®‹j¼Z¡, cvcv¶gZv ev wb®úvcZ¡ (infallibility, impeccability;
sinlessness) ejv nq| BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv A_© bexM‡Yi Aåvš—Zv ev wb®úvcZ¡| G wel‡q Bgvg Avhg (ivn) ej‡jb: ÒbexMY
mK‡jB mMxiv †Mvbvn, Kexiv †Mvbvn, Kzd&i I Akvjxb Kg© †_‡K cweÎ I wegy³ wQ‡jb| Z‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv mvgvb¨ c`öjb I
fyjÎ“wU Zuv‡ì N‡U‡Q|Ó
gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﺼ ُﻤ َك ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﱢك ٕوِا ْن َﻟم ﺘَ ْﻔﻌ ْل ﻓَﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﱠ ْﻐت ِرﺴﺎﻟَﺘَﻪ واﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﯿﻌ‬ ِ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺎس‬ ْ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ‫اﻟر ُﺴو ُل َﺒﻠ ْﻎ َﻤﺎ أُْﻨ ِز َل ِإﻟَْﯿ َك ﻤ ْن َرﺒ‬
‫َﯿﺎ أَﯿﱡﻬَﺎ ﱠ‬
ÔÔ†n ivm~j, Avcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K Avcbvi Dci hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q Zv Avcwb cÖPvi Ki“b| hw` Avcwb Zv
bv K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb Avjvni evZ©v cÖPvi Ki‡jb bv| Avjvn Avcbv‡K gvbyl‡ì †_‡K msiÿY Ki‡eb| 360
KziAvb-nv`xm †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, mKj bex-ivm~jB Avjvni g‡bvbxZ wb®‹jyl wb®úvc wcÖq ev›`v wQ‡jb|
Avjvn evisevi e‡j‡Qb †h, bexMY we‡klfv‡e Avjvni ingZ, †n`vqvZ I g‡bvbqb cÖvß| Avjvn e‡jb:
َ ِ‫ﯿم َ ٕوِا ْﺴ َراﺌ‬
‫ﯿل َو ِﻤ ﱠﻤ ْن َﻫ َدْﯿَﻨﺎ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َ ‫ﱠﺔ آ‬
َ ‫َد َم َوﻤ ﱠﻤ ْن َﺤ َﻤْﻠَﻨﺎ َﻤ َﻊ ُﻨو ٍح َوﻤ ْن ُذ ﱢرﯿﱠﺔ إ ْﺒ َراﻫ‬
ِ ‫أُوﻟَﺌِ َك اﻟﱠِذﯿن أَْﻨﻌم اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬم ِﻤن اﻟﱠﻨﺒِﯿﱢﯿن ِﻤ ْن ُذ ﱢرﯿ‬
َ َ ْ َ ُ ََ َ
‫اﺠﺘََﺒْﯿَﻨﺎ‬
ْ ‫َو‬
ÒGiv bexM‡Yi Aš—f©y³, hv‡ì‡K Avjvn AbyMÖn cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb, Zviv Av`‡gi I hv‡ì‡K Avwg b~‡ni mv‡_ †bŠKvq
Av‡ivnY Kwi‡qwQjvg Zv‡ì es‡kv™¢yZ, Beivnxg I BmivC‡ji es‡kv™¢yZ I hv‡ì‡K Avwg c_-wb‡`©k K‡iwQjvg I g‡bvbxZ
K‡iwQjvg|Ó361
G A‡_©i wewfbœ AvqvZ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, we‡klfv‡e cweÎ I wb®‹jyl evQvB Kiv e¨w³‡ì‡KB Avjvn byeyIqvZ cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Avjvn evisevi bexMY‡K cweÎ, GKwbô, mr BZ¨vw` we‡kl‡Y fywlZ K‡i‡Qb|362 m‡e©vcwi Avjvn gvbe
RvwZ‡K bex-ivm~j‡ì ÔBwËevÕ ev AbymiY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| G wb‡`©kI cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zuviv Ôwb®úvcÕ wQ‡jb| KviY hvi
†_‡K cvc msNwUZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K Zv‡K wbtkZ© ÔBwËevÕ Kivi wb‡`©k Avjvn w`‡eb bv| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi G mKj
wb‡`k©bvi Av‡jv‡K gymwjg D¤§vni wek¦vm GB †h, bexMY mK‡jB Avjvni we‡kl Ki“YvcÖvß I wcÖq ev›`v wQ‡jb| Zuviv mevB
wb®‹jyl Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix I wb®úvc wQ‡jb| gvbexq fzjÎæwU Qvov †Kv‡bv cv‡c Zuviv wjß nb wb|
2. BmgvZzj Avw¤^qv wel‡q LuywUbvwU gZ‡f`
G g~jbxwZi Dci HKg‡Zï ci LyuwUbvwU wKQz wel‡q Avwjg‡ì gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| Avjvgv Dgi Beb gynv¤§v` Avb-
bvmvdx (537wn.) G wel‡q e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﺎﺼ ِﺤ ْﯿ َن ِﻟْﻠ َﺨْﻠ‬
‫ق‬ ِ ‫ُﻛﻠﱡﻬم َﻛﺎﻨوا ﻤ ْﺨﺒِ ِرﯿن ﻤﺒﻠﱢ ِﻐﯿن ﻋ ِن‬
ِ ‫اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﺼ ِﺎد ِﻗ ْﯿن َﻨ‬
َ َ َ َ َ ْ َُ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ ُْ
ÒZuviv mK‡jB gnvb Avjvni c¶ †_‡K msev` cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb, mZëv`x wQ‡jb, m„wói
Dc‡`k`vZv I Kj¨vYKvgx wQ‡jb|Ó 363
G K_vi e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ Avjvgv mvÕ` DÏxb ZvdZvhvbx (791wn) e‡jb:
ÒG‡Z Bkviv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, bexMY we‡klfv‡e kixq‡Zi wel‡q, `x‡bi AvnKvg cÖPv‡ii wel‡q I D¤§vZ‡K wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`v‡bi wel‡q gvÕm~g ev wbf©yj I msiw¶Z| G‡¶‡Î Zuviv B”QvK…Z †Kv‡bv fyj K‡ib bv †m wel‡q mK‡jB GKgZ| AwaKvs‡ki
g‡Z G‡¶‡Î Zuviv Awb”QvK…Z ev †e‡Lqv‡jI †Kv‡bv fyj Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Ab¨vb¨ mKj cvc †_‡K Zuv‡ì gvm~g ev wb®úvc
nIqvi wel‡q we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv wbgœiƒc: gymwjg D¤§vni BRgv GB †h, bexMY Inx ev byeyIqvZ
jv‡fi c~‡e© I c‡i Kzd&ix †_‡K msiw¶Z| Abyiƒcfv‡e AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Zuviv B”QvK…Zfv‡e Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß nIqv †_‡KI
gvÕm~g| nvkvweqv m¤cÖ`vq G wel‡q wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Q| .... Avi B”QvK…Z mMxiv †Mvbv‡n wjß nIqvi wel‡q AwaKvs‡ki gZ
GB †h, Zv m¤¢e| Z‡e gyZvwhjx †bZv Avj-RyevC 364 I Zuvi Abymvixiv G wel‡q wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Q| Avi bexM‡Yi Rb¨
Awb”QvK…Z ev fyjµ‡g mMxiv †Mvbv‡n wjß nIqv mK‡ji g‡ZB m¤¢e, Z‡e †h mKj mMxiv †Mvbvn bxPZv cÖgvY K‡i Zv Zuv‡ì
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Contents

Øviv m¤¢e bq, †hgb GK †jvKgv Lv`¨ Pzwi Kiv, GKwU `vbv Ih‡b Kg †Ìqv, BZ¨vw`| G‡¶‡Î (mMxiv †Mvbv‡ni †¶‡Î)
gynvw°K AvwjgMY kZ© K‡i‡Qb †h, bexMY‡K G wel‡q `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡j Zuviv Zv eR©b K‡ib| G gZ‡f` meB Inx ev
byeyIqvZ cÖvwßi c‡ii Ae¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| byeyIqvZ cÖvwßi c~‡e© bexMY †_‡K Kexiv †Mvbvn cÖKvk cvIqv Am¤¢e e‡j †Kv‡bv
`jxj †bB| gyÕZvwhjvMY gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, byeyIqvZ cÖvwßi c~‡e©I bexMY KZ…©K Kexiv †Mvbvn msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i bv; KviY
Gi d‡j RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zuvi cÖwZ Afw³ m„wó nq, hv Zuvi Abymi‡Yi †¶‡Î evav n‡q ùvovq, d‡j bex †cÖi‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ
nq| mZ¨ K_v GB †h, †h Kg© Zuv‡ì cÖwZ Afw³ m„wó K‡i Zv Zuviv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, †hgb, gvZ…M‡Yi mv‡_ AbvPvi, AkxjZv I
bxPZv ÁvcK mMxiv †Mvbvn| kxqvMY g‡b K‡ib †h, bexMY †_‡K byeyIqv‡Zi c~‡e© I c‡i KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv mMxiv ev Kexiv
†Mvbvn cÖKvwkZ ev msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e Zviv ZvwKq¨vn ev AvZ¥i¶vg~jKfv‡e Kzd&i cÖKvk m¤¢e e‡j‡Q|Ó365
†gvjv Avjx Kvix e‡jb, Bebyj ûgvg e‡j‡Qb: Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AwaKvsk Avwj‡gi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨
gZ GB †h, bexMY Kexiv †Mvbvn †_‡K msiw¶Z, fyjµ‡g ev Awb”QvK„Zfv‡e GKK mMxiv †Mvbvn K‡i †djv †_‡K
msiw¶Z bb| Avnjym mybœv‡Zi †KD †KD bex‡ì †¶‡Î fyj KivI Am¤¢e e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| mwVKZi ev mnxn K_v GB
†h, K‡g©i g‡a¨ fyj nIqv m¤¢e| mvi K_v GB †h, Avnjym mybœv‡Zi mK‡jB GKgZ †h, bexMY B”QvK…Zfv‡e †Kv‡bv wbwl×
Kg© Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Z‡e AmZK©Zv ev fy‡ji Kvi‡Y hv N‡U Zv c`öjb e‡j AwfwnZ| 366
3. gynv¤§v` ()-Gi BmgvZ I gh©v`v
gynv¤§v` () Gi byeyIqvZ I wimvjv‡Z wek¦v‡mi A_© Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| bexM‡Yi wb®úvc‡Z¡ wek¦vm Kivi
A_©B me©‡kl I me©‡kªô bex gynv¤§v` ()-Gi wb®úvc‡Z¡ wek¦vm Kiv| Zv m‡Ë¡I Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) we‡klfv‡e Zuvi welq
D‡jL K‡i e‡j‡Qb: ÒGes gynv¤§v` () Avjvni bex, Zuvi ev›`v, Zuvi ivm~j, Zuvi g‡bvbxZ wbe©vwPZ, Zuvi evQvBK…Z| wZwb KL‡bv
g~wZ©i Bev`Z K‡ib wb Ges KL‡bvB GK cj‡Ki RbÏ Avjvni mv‡_ wkiK K‡ib wb| wZwb KL‡bvB †Kv‡bv mMxiv ev Kexiv
†Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii cv‡c wjß nb wb|Ó
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi G e³‡eï e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ kvBL Avng` Beb gynv¤§v` gvMbxmvex nvbvdx Ôkviûj wdKwnj AvKeviÕ
MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫ ﻗﺎل أﺒو اﻟﻘﺎﺴم‬.‫( وﺤﻔظ اﻷﻤﺔ ﻋن ﻗول اﻟﻨﺼﺎرى‬) ‫ أﻋﻨﻲ ﺘﺸرﯿف ﻤﺤﻤد‬:‫ﺜم أﺸﺎر اﻹﻤﺎم اﻷﻋظم ﺒﻘوﻟﻪ "وﻋﺒدﻩ" إﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﺌدﺘﯿن‬
‫ ﯿﺎ‬:‫أﺸرﻓك؟ ﻗﺎل‬
‫ﺒم ﱢ‬
َ ‫ ﯿﺎ ﻤﺤﻤد‬:‫ إﻟﻰ اﻟدرﺠﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻤراﺘب اﻟرﻓﯿﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرج أوﺤﻰ اﷲ إﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ ﻟﻤﺎ وﺼل ﻤﺤﻤد‬:‫ﺴﻠﯿﻤﺎن اﻷﻨﺼﺎري‬
‫ "ﻻ ﺘطروﻨﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ أطري ﻋﯿﺴﻰ ﺒن‬: ‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،"ً‫ ﻓﺄﻨزل ﻓﯿﻪ "ﺴﺒﺤﺎن اﻟذي أﺴرى ﺒﻌﺒدﻩ ﻟﯿﻼ‬،‫رب ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺘﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻨﻔﺴك )إﻟﯿك( ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒودﯿﺔ‬
‫ أي ﻻ ﺘﺘﺠﺎوزوا ﻋن اﻟﺤد ﻓﻲ ﻤدﺤﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﻨﺼﺎرى ﻓﻲ ﻤدح ﻋﯿﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬.‫ ﻛذا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرق‬.‫ ﻋﺒد اﷲ ورﺴوﻟﻪ‬:‫ وﻗوﻟوا‬،‫ﻤرﯿم‬
."‫ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﻛوﻨوا أﻤﺜﺎﻟﻬم‬،‫ إﻨﻪ ﻋﺒد اﷲ ورﺴوﻟﻪ‬:‫ وﻗوﻟوا ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻲ‬،‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻛﻔروا ﻓﻘﺎﻟوا إﻨﻪ اﺒن اﷲ‬
ÒBgvg Avhg ÔZuvi ev›`vÕ K_vwU GLv‡b D‡jøL K‡i `ywU wel‡qi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb: (1) gynv¤§v` ()-Gi gh©v`v cÖKvk
Ges (2) L„÷vb‡ì gZ K_v ejv †_‡K D¤§vZ‡K iÿv Kiv| Aveyj Kvwmg myjvBgvb Avbmvix (511 wn) e‡jb 367: hLb gynv¤§v`
() wgiv‡Ri mgq myD”P gh©v`vq DbœxZ n‡jb ZLb Avjøvn Zuvi Kv‡Q Inx †cÖiY K‡ib: †n gynv¤§v`, †Zvgv‡K wKfv‡e gh©v`vgwÐZ
Kie? wZwb e‡jb: †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK, Avgv‡K Avcbvi mv‡_ `vm‡Z¡i m¤ú‡K© m¤úwK©Z K‡i gh©v`vgq Kiæb| ZLb Avjøvn
AvqvZ bvwhj K‡ib: ÒcweÎ wZwb whwb Zuvi `vm‡K (ev›`v‡K) iRbx‡hv‡M ågb Kwi‡q‡Qb...|Ó368 GRb¨ ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
ÒL„÷vbMY †hiƒc Cmv Beby gvwiqvg‡K evwo‡q cÖksmv K‡i‡Q †Zvgiv †mfv‡e Avgvi evwo‡q cÖksmv Ki‡e bv| Avwg †Zv Zuvi
ev›`v gvÎ| AZGe †Zvgiv ej‡e: Avjvni ev›`v I Zuvi ivm~j|Ó 369 gvkvwiK MÖ‡š’ welqwU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G nv`x‡mi A_©:
P368F P
†hfv‡e L„÷vbMY Cmv (Av)ÑGi cÖksmvq mxgvj•Nb K‡i Kvwdi n‡q wM‡q‡Q †Zvgiv Avgvi bvZ-cÖksmvq Gfv‡e mxgvj•Nb K‡iv
bv| L„÷vbMY mxgvj•Nb K‡i e‡jwQj: wZwb Avjøvni cyÎ| †Zvgiv Avgvi m¤ú‡K© ej: wZwb Avjøvni ev›`v I Zuvi ivm~j; †hb
†Zvgiv Zv‡ì gZ bv nI|Ó370 P369F
G wel‡q Bgvg Zvnvex (ivn) e‡jb:

‫ﺒﯿب‬ ِ ‫ ٕوِاﻤﺎم اﻷﺘِْﻘﯿ‬،‫اﻷﻨﺒﯿﺎء‬
ِ ‫ ٕواﱠﻨﻪ َﺨﺎﺘِ ُم‬.‫ﻀﻰ‬ ْ ‫ وﻨﺒﯿﱡﻪ‬،‫ٕوِا ﱠن ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤداً َﻋ ْﺒ ُدﻩُ اﻟﻤﺼطَﻔﻰ‬
ُ ‫وﺤ‬َ ،‫ﻠﯿن‬
َ ‫اﻟﻤرﺴ‬
َ ‫ﱢد‬
ُ ‫ وﺴﯿ‬،‫ﺎء‬ َ َُ َ َ‫اﻟﻤ ْرﺘ‬
ُ ُ‫ور ُﺴوﻟُﻪ‬
َ ،‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘَﺒﻰ‬
.‫ وﺒﺎﻟﱡﻨور واﻟﻀﱢﯿﺎء‬،‫ق واﻟﻬدى‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻌوث إﻟﻰ َﻋﺎ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠ ﱢن و َﻛﺎﻓﱠﺔ اﻟوَرى ﺒﺎﻟﺤ ﱢ‬ ُ َ ‫ و ُﻛ ﱡل َد ْﻋوى اﻟﱡﻨﺒوِة َﺒ‬.‫رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻤﯿن‬
‫ َو ُﻫو‬.‫ﻌدﻩُ ﻓَ َﻐ ﱞﻲ َو َﻫوى‬ ‫ﱢ‬
َ
Òwbðq, gynv¤§v` () Avjvni g‡bvbxZ ev›`v (`vm), Zvui wbev©wPZ bex I Zvui m‡š—vlfvRb ivm~j| wZwb me©‡kl bex,
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Contents
me©Kv‡ji gyËvKxM‡Yi Bgvg, ivm~jM‡Yi †bZv Ges iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi GKvš— wcÖqRb| Zvui cieZx©Kv‡j beyIqv‡Zi me
`vex åvš— I cÖe„wËcÖm~Z| wZwb ‡cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb mgMÖ wRb I gvbeKz‡ji cÖwZ mZ¨, †n`vqZ, b~i I Av‡jv mnKv‡i|Ó 371
4. mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`v
bexM‡Yi wb®úvcZ¡ eY©bvi cvkvcvwk mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`vi welqwU D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)| Avgiv
†`‡LwQ †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÒbexM‡Yi (Av) c‡i gvbe RvwZi g‡a¨ m‡e©vËg I me©‡kªô n‡jb Ave~ evK&i wmÏxK, Zuvi c‡i
Dgvi Bebyj LvËve Avj-dviƒK, Zuvi c‡i hybœyivBb Dmgvb Beb Avd&dvb, Zuvi c‡i Avjx Beb Avex Zvwje Avj-gyiZvhv,
ivw`qvjvû Avbûg AvRgvCb, Avjvn Zuv‡ì mK‡ji cÖwZ mš‘ó nb| Zuviv AvRxeb Avjvni Bev`‡Zi g‡a¨, m‡Zï Dc‡i I
m‡Zï mv‡_ mycÖwZwôZ †_‡K‡Qb| Avgiv Zuv‡ì mKj‡KB fvjevwm I Ijx wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kwi| Avgiv ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi
†Kv‡bv GKRb mvnvexi wel‡qI fvj K_v Qvov wKQz ewj bv|Ó
G e³e¨wU Abyave‡bi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb:
4. 1. mvnvexMY welqK kxqv weåvwš—
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) Cgvb-AvKx`v welqK Zuvi hy‡M we`¨gvb weåvwš—Ac‡bv`b I LÊb K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ
†h, mvnvexM‡Yi hy‡MB gymwjg D¤§vni wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ †h weåvwš— I wefw³ †`Lv †`q Zvi Ab¨Zg wQj ÒkxqvÓ I
ÒLvwiRxÓ gZev`|
kxqv I LvwiRx: gymwjg D¤§vni cÖ_g I cÖavb G`ywU wdiKvi D™¢e N‡UwQj ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y| kxqv (‫ )اﻟﺸﯿﻌﺔ‬k‡ãi
A_© `j, Abymvix ev mvnvh¨Kvix| cvwifvwlKfv‡e kxqv ej‡Z ÔkxqvZz AvjxÕ (‫ )ﺸﯿﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ev Avjxi (iv) `j, Avjxi Abymvix ev
Avjxi mvnvh¨Kvix eySv‡bv nq| kxqvMY wb‡R‡ì‡K Avjx (iv)ÑGi Abymvix ev Zuvi `j e‡j `vwe K‡ib| kxqv wdiKvi g~j
wfwË Avjx (iv) I Zuvi eskai‡ì Rb¨ ivóªxq †bZ…‡Z¡i `vwe| G `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i AMwYZ AvKx`v Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Rb¥
wb‡q‡Q| G mKj AvKx`vi Ab¨Zg welq mvnvexM‡Yi Aegh©v`v Kiv I Mvwj †Ìqv| Zviv ÔAvnj evB‡Zi (bex-es‡ki)
fvjevmv I fw³i bv‡g mvnvexM‡Yi wei“‡× Kzrmv iUbv I Zuv‡ì cÖwZ we‡Øl cÖPv‡i iZ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv GLv‡b Zv‡ì
gZev` LÊb K‡i‡Qb|
4. 2. Avnj evBZ wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn
ivm~jyjvn -Gi m¤§vb I fvjevmvi Ask Zuvi mv‡_ mswkó mKj‡K m¤§vb Kiv I fvjevmv| Zuvi mvnvexMY‡K, Zuvi
cwievi I eskai‡ì‡K, Zuvi D¤§vZ‡K, Zuvi GKwbô Abymvix‡ì‡K Ges Zuvi mybœv‡Zi aviK I cÖPviK‡ì‡K Zuvi Kvi‡Y m¤§vb
Kiv I fvjevmv ZuviB m¤§vb I fvjevmvi Ask| we‡klZ Zuvi mvnvex I Avnj evB‡Zi welqwU KziAvb I nv`x‡m we‡klfv‡e
D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Bmjvg wek¦Rbxb ag©| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv esk ev e‡Y©i ÔA‡jŠwKKZ¡Õ ev cweÎZv †NvlYv Kiv nq wb| Bmjv‡g gh©v`vi wfwË
ZvKIqv; esk ev i³ bq| KziAv‡b esk, eY© ev †`k wbwe©‡k‡l mKj mvnvexi cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì Kg© I Z¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y,
esk ev e‡Y©i Kvi‡Y bq| Avi ¯^fveZB ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi es‡ki hviv Zuvi cÖwZ Cgvb G‡bwQ‡jb mK‡jB G cÖksmv I gh©v`vi
g‡a¨ kvwgj n‡q‡Qb| Kv‡RB c„_Kfv‡e Òbex-es‡kiÓ gh©v`vi D‡jL Kiv nq wb|
KziAv‡b ÔAvnj evBZÕ `yÕevi eëüZ n‡q‡Q| GK¯’v‡b Beivnxg (Av)ÑGi ¯¿x‡K wdwikZviv ÒAvnj evBZÓ e‡j m‡¤^vab
K‡ib| 372 Ab¨Î Avjvn e‡jb:
ٌ ‫ط َﻤ َﻊ اﻟﱠِذي ِﻓﻲ َﻗْﻠﺒِ ِﻪ َﻤ َر‬
‫ض َوُﻗْﻠ َن ﻗَ ْوﻻً َﻤ ْﻌ ُروﻓًﺎ‬ ْ ‫ﻀ ْﻌ َن ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻘ ْو ِل ﻓََﯿ‬ ِ ‫َﻛﺄَﺤ ٍد ِﻤن اﻟﻨ‬
َ ‫ﱢﺴﺎء إِ ِن اﺘﱠﻘَْﯿﺘُ ﱠن ﻓَﻼ ﺘَ ْﺨ‬
َ َ َ ‫ﺎء اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﻟَ ْﺴﺘُ ﱠن‬ ِ
َ ‫َﯿﺎ ﻨ َﺴ‬
‫ب َﻋْﻨ ُﻛ ُم‬ ِ ِ ‫َطﻌن اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ورﺴوﻟَﻪ ِإﱠﻨﻤﺎ ﯿ ِر ُ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﯿن ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺔ اﻷُوﻟَﻰ َوأ َِﻗ ْﻤ َن ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻫﻠِﯿ‬
ِ ‫ﺘَﺒ ﱡرج اْﻟﺠ‬ ‫َوﻗَ ْرَن ِﻓﻲ ُﺒُﯿوﺘِ ُﻛ ﱠن َوﻻ ﺘََﺒﱠر ْﺠ َن‬
َ ‫ﯿد اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻟُﯿ ْذﻫ‬ ُ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ ‫اﻟزَﻛﺎةَ َوأ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةَ َوآَﺘ‬ َ َ َ
‫ﯿر‬ ْ َ‫َﻫ َل اْﻟَﺒ ْﯿ ِت َوُﯿطَﻬﱢ َرُﻛ ْم ﺘ‬
‫ط ِﻬ ًا‬ ْ ‫اﻟر ْﺠ َس أ‬
‫ﱢ‬
Ò†n bex-cZœxMY! †Zvgiv Ab¨ bvix‡ì gZ bI; hw` †Zvgiv Avjvn&‡K fq Ki Z‡e ci-cyi“‡li mv‡_ †Kvgj K‡É
Ggbfv‡e K_v e‡jv bv, hv‡Z hvi Aš—‡i e¨vwa Av‡Q, †m cÖjyä nq Ges †Zvgiv b¨vqmsMZ K_v ej‡e| Avi †Zvgiv wbR N‡i
Ae¯’vb Ki‡e Ges cÖvPxb hy‡Mi gZ wbR‡ì‡K cÖ`k©b K‡i †eov‡e bv| †Zvgiv mvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e I hvKvZ cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges
Avjvn& I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AbyMZ _vK‡e| †n Avnj evBZ (bex-cwievi)! Avjvn& †Zv ïay Pvb †Zvgv‡ì †_‡K AcweÎZv `yi Ki‡Z
Ges †Zvgv‡ì‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cweÎ Ki‡Z|Ó373
GLv‡b Avgiv †`LwQ †h, gnvb Avjvn ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi ¯¿xMY‡K ÒAvnj-evBZÓ ev Òbex-cwieviÓ e‡j m‡¤^vab
K‡i Zuv‡ì cwic~Y© cweÎZvi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ ÒAvnj-evBZÓ wel‡q kxqvM‡Yi wek¦vm KziAv‡bi G †NvlYvi mv‡_
mvsNwl©K| Zviv bex-cZœxMY‡K ÒAvnj evBZÓ e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv| Dciš‘ Zuv‡ì wel‡q Zviv AZ¨š— Akøxj I †bvsiv
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Contents
aviYv †cvlY K‡ib|
kxqvMY g~jZ Avnj evBZ ej‡Z ÒAvjx-eskÓ eySvb| Avi G wel‡q KziAvb Kvix‡g †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| GK¯’v‡b
Avjvn e‡jb:
‫َﺠ ًار إِﻻ اْﻟ َﻤ َوﱠدةَ ِﻓﻲ اْﻟﻘُْرَﺒﻰ‬
ْ ‫َﺴﺄَﻟُ ُﻛ ْم َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ أ‬
ْ ‫ُﻗ ْل ﻻ أ‬
374
Òej, ÔAvwg Gi wewbg‡q †Zvgv‡ì wbKU †_‡K AvZ¥xqZvi †mŠnv`©¨ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖwZ`vb PvB bv|Ó
A_©vr †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S `xb cÖPv‡ii wewbg‡q Avwg †Zvgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv cÖwZ`vb Pvw”Q bv| Z‡e †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_
Avgvi †h AvZ¥xqZv i‡q‡Q †m AvZ¥xqZvi †mŠnv`©¨ I fvjevmvi `vwe †h, †Zvgiv Avgv‡K AZ¨vPvi Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e
Ges Avgvi mv‡_ †mŠnv`©c~Y© AvPiY Ki‡e| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q G †mŠnv`©ÜzKz `vwe KiwQ|
Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z G Avqv‡Zi A_©: ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv cÖwZ`vb PvB bv, ïay Avgvi AvZ¥xq‡ì cÖwZ
†Zvgv‡ì †mŠnv`©c~Y© AvPiY PvB|Õ A_©vr GLv‡b Zuvi AvZ¥xq‡ì fvjevm‡Z wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
G A_© KziAv‡bi ¯^vfvweK e³‡eï mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© bq| GLv‡b wZwb ÔAvZ¥xqZvi †mŠnv`©¨Õ `vwe K‡i‡Qb, ÔAvZ¥xq‡ì
cÖwZ ev AvZ¥xq‡ì Rb¨ †mŠnv`©¨Õ `vwe K‡ib wb| GQvov Zuvi AvZ¥xq‡ì AwaKvskB †m mg‡q Kvwdi wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_
Ab¨vb¨ Kvwdi †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© AvPiY Ki‡Zv| Dciš‘ wZwb g°vi †h KvwdiMY‡K G K_v e‡jwQ‡jb ZvivB †Zv Zuvi AvZ¥xq wQ‡jb|
Kv‡RB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb wKfv‡e Zuvi AvZ¥xq‡ì cÖwZ †mŠnv`©c~Y© AvPiY `vwe Ki‡eb|
GØviv Zuvi AvZ¥xq‡ì Aeg~j¨vqb ev Aegh©v`v D‡Ïk¨ bq| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mKj‡K fvjevmv
Cgv‡bi ¯^vfvweK `vwe| Zuvi cwievi I eska‡ii cÖwZ fvjevmv ZuviB fvjevmvi Ask| Zuvi es‡ki hviv Cgvb I mvnPh©
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì gh©v`vI KziAvb I mybœvni wb‡`©kbv| G gh©v`vi cvkvcvwk AvZ¥xqZvi gh©v`v Zuv‡ì‡K gwngvwš^Z K‡i|
m‡e©vcwi nv`x‡m Zuv‡ì gh©v`vi †NvlYv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
hvB` Beb AviKvg (iv) e‡jb: ivm~jyjvn  GKw`b g°v-g`xbvi gaëZ©x ÔLygÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b Avgv‡ì gv‡S e³„Zv
K‡ib| wZwb Avjvni ¸YMvb Ki‡jb, Iqvh Ki‡jb I Dc‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| AZtci wZwb ej‡jb:
ِ ‫ُﺠﯿب وأََﻨﺎ ﺘَ ِﺎر ٌك ِﻓﯿ ُﻛم ﺜََﻘﻠَ ْﯿ ِن أ ﱠَوﻟُﻬﻤﺎ ِﻛﺘَﺎب اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ِﻓ‬
‫ﯿﻪ‬ ِ ُ ‫َن َﯿﺄْﺘِ َﻲ َر ُﺴ‬ ِ ‫أَ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺒﻌ ُد أَﻻ أَﯿﱡﻬﺎ اﻟﱠﻨﺎس ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻤﺎ أََﻨﺎ ﺒ َﺸر ﯿ‬
ُ َُ ْ َ َ ‫ول َرﺒﱢﻲ ﻓَﺄ‬ ْ‫ك أ‬ ُ ‫وﺸ‬ ُ ٌ َ َ ُ َ َْ
.‫ ﺜﻼﺜﺎ‬...‫َﻫ ِل َﺒْﯿﺘِﻲ‬ ْ ‫َﻫ ُل َﺒْﯿﺘِﻲ أُ َذ ﱢﻛ ُرُﻛ ُم اﻟﻠﱠﻪَ ِﻓﻲ أ‬ َ َ‫ ﺜُﱠم ﻗ‬... ‫اﺴﺘَ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻛوا ﺒِ ِﻪ‬
ْ ‫ﺎل َوأ‬ ِ ‫اْﻟﻬ َدى واﻟﱡﻨور ﻓَ ُﺨ ُذوا ﺒِ ِﻛﺘَ ِ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﺎب اﻟﻠﻪ َو‬ ُ َ ُ
Ò†n gvby‡liv, †Zvgiv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †kv‡bv| Avwg GKRb gvbyl gvÎ| nqZ kxNÖB Avgvi cÖfyi `~Z G‡m co‡eb Ges
Avwg Zuvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q P‡j hve| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ `ywU gnv¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq †i‡L hvw”Q| cÖ_gZ Avjvni wKZve, hvi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q c‡_i w`kv I Av‡jv| †Zvgiv Avjvni wKZve‡K MÖnY Ki‡e Ges `„pfv‡e aviY Ki‡e| .... Gici wZwb ej‡jb :
ÔGes Avgvi evwoi gvbyl (Avnj evBZ)| Avwg Avgvi ÔAvnj evBZÕ wel‡q †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avjvni K_v g‡b ivL‡Z Dc‡`k cÖ`vb
KiwQ|Õ G K_v wZwb wZbevi e‡jb|Ó 375
Beb AveŸvm (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb,
(‫َﻫ َل َﺒْﯿﺘِﻲ )ﺒِ ُﺤﺒﱢﻲ‬ ِ ‫ب اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ( وأ‬
ْ ‫َﺤﱡﺒوا أ‬ َ
ِ ‫َﺤﱡﺒوا اﻟﻠﱠﻪ )ﻟِﻤﺎ ﯿ ْﻐ ُذو ُﻛم ِﻤ ْن ﻨِﻌ ِﻤ ِﻪ( وأ‬
‫َﺤﺒﱡوﻨِﻲ )ﺒِ ُﺤ ﱢ‬ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
ِ‫أ‬
Ò†Zvgiv Avjvn‡K fvjevm‡e KviY wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K AMwYZ wbqvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib, Ges Avjvni fvjevmvq Avgv‡K
fvjevm‡e Ges Avgvi fvjevmvq Avgvi ÔAvnj evBZÕ ev evwoi gvbyl‡ì (eskai I AvZ¥xq‡ì) fvjevm‡e|Ó 376
4. 3. mvnvexMY wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cwiRb I eska‡ii cÖwZ G fvjevmv I fw³ KL‡bvB Zuvi mnPi I mvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ fvjevmvi
mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq| wKš‘ kxqvMY cwievi I eska‡ii fvjevmvi bv‡g mvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ we‡Øl, N„Yv I Kzrmv iUbvq wjß nq
Ges mvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ we‡Øl‡K Cgv‡bi Ask evwb‡q †bq| Zviv Bn~`x‡ì loh‡š¿ weåvš— n‡q mvnvexMY‡K Bmjv‡gi kÎ“
e‡j MY¨ K‡i| Zviv bex-cwiev‡ii fvjevmv‡K mvnvexM‡Yi fvjevmvi cwicš’x e‡j MY¨ K‡i| G wel‡q AMwYZ wg_¨v Zviv
cÖPvi K‡i| MZ K‡qK kZvãx hveZ cvðvZ¨-cÖvP¨we`MYI mvnvexM‡Yi wei“‡× we‡lv˜Mvi K‡ib| G mKj cÖPv‡ii GKwUB
D‡Ïk¨: Bmjv‡gi gg©g~‡j AvNvZ Kiv I Bmjv‡gi †mŠa‡K †f‡½ †djv| mvnvexM‡Yi mZZv cÖkœwe× n‡j Bmjv‡gi mZ¨Zv
cÖkœwe× n‡q hvq; KviY †KejgvÎ Zuv‡ì gva¨‡gB Bmjvg cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
mvnvexM‡Yi mZZvq Awek¦vm Kivi A_© ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi beyIqZ Awek¦vm Kiv| hviv g‡b K‡ib †h, AwaKvsk
mvnvex ¯^v_©ci, Awek¦vmx ev ag©Z¨vMx wQ‡jb, Zuviv wbtm‡›`‡n g‡b K‡ib †h, gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjvn () GKRb e¨_© bex wQ‡jb
(bvEh~ wejvn!)| j¶ gvby‡li mgv‡R AÁvZ AL¨vZ `y-Pvi Rb gybvwdK _vKv †Kv‡bv Am¤¢e welq bq| wKš‘ mycwiwPZ
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mvnvexM‡Yi mZZvq m‡›`n †cvlY Ki‡j ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi e¨_©Zvi `vwe Kiv nq| GKRb ag© cÖPviK hw` wb‡Ri mnPi‡ì
ü`q¸wj‡K avwg©K evbv‡Z bv cv‡ib, Z‡e wZwb wKfv‡e Ab¨‡ì‡K avwg©K evbv‡eb! Zuvi Av`k© ï‡b, eënvwiKfv‡e ev¯—evwqZ
†`‡L I Zuvi mvnP‡h© †_‡KI hw` gvbyl ÔmZZvÕ AR©b Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, Z‡e ïay †m Av`k© ï‡b cieZ©x gvbyl‡ì ÔmZZvÕ AR©‡bi
Kíbv evZzjZv gvÎ|
AvR whwb g‡b K‡ib †h, KziAvb c‡o wZwb mZZv wk‡L‡Qb, A_P gynv¤§v` -Gi Kv‡Q KzivAvb c‡o, Rxeš—
KziAv‡bi mvnP‡h© †_‡KI Ave~ eKi, Dgvi, Dmgvb, Ave~ ûivBiv, Avgi Bebyj Avm, gyAvweqv, Ave~ g~mv AvkAvix () ev
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvnvex mZZv wkL‡Z cv‡ib wb, wZwb g~jZ gynv¤§v` -Gi beyIqZ‡KB A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
kxqvMY KvD‡K †èZv I KvD‡K `vbe evwb‡q‡Qb| `ywU welqB gvbexq cÖK…wZi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| gvbexq `ye©jZvi mv‡_
mZZvi †Kv‡bv êcixZ¨ †bB| mvnvexMY gvbyl wQ‡jb; gvbexq `ye©jZvi E‡aŸ© wQ‡jb bv| gvbeZvi me©‡k&ªô wk¶‡Ki mvnP‡h©
gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P mZZv I †ejvqvZ Zuviv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv ¯‹z‡ji mdjZv †hgb QvÎ‡ì cv‡ki nv‡ii Dci wbf©i
K‡i, †Zgwb ag©cÖPvi‡Ki mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Zuvi mvnPh©-cÖvß‡ì avwg©KZvi Dci| Kv‡RB byeyIqv‡Z wek¦v‡mi Awbe©vh© `vwe
mvnvexM‡Yi mZZvq wek¦vm| Avi G wek¦vmB wbwðZ K‡i‡Q KziAvb I nv`xm| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c K‡qKwU welq D‡jL KiwQ:
(1) KziAv‡b evievi mvnvexM‡Yi cÖksmv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zuv‡ì avwg©KZvi mvÿ¨ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Zuv‡ì‡K Rvbœv‡Zi
mymsev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| g°v weR‡qi c~‡e©i I c‡ii mKj mvnvex‡K Rvb&œv‡Zi mymsev` cÖ`vb K‡i Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ﯿن أ َْﻨﻔَﻘُوا ِﻤ ْن َﺒ ْﻌ ُد َوﻗَﺎﺘَﻠُوا َو ُﻛﻼ َو َﻋ َد اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ اْﻟ ُﺤ ْﺴَﻨﻰ‬ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ظ ُم َد َر َﺠﺔً ﻤ َن اﻟذ‬ ْ ‫ق ِﻤ ْن ﻗَْﺒ ِل اْﻟﻔَﺘْ ِﺢ َوﻗَﺎﺘَ َل أُوﻟَﺌِ َك أ‬
َ ‫َﻋ‬ َ َ‫ﻻ َﯿ ْﺴﺘَِوي ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛ ْم َﻤ ْن أ َْﻨﻔ‬
‫ون َﺨﺒِ ٌﯿر‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ُ‫َواﻟﻠﻪُ ﺒِ َﻤﺎ ﺘَ ْﻌ َﻤﻠ‬
Ò†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv (g°v) weR‡qi c~‡e© e¨q K‡i‡Q Ges msMÖvg K‡i‡Q Zviv Ges cieZ©xiv mgvb bq; Zviv
gh©v`vq †kªô Zv‡ì †P‡q hviv cieZ©xKv‡j e¨q K‡i‡Q Ges msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| Z‡e Avjvn Dfq‡KB Kj¨v‡Yi (Rvbœv‡Zi)
cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q‡Qb|Ó377
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mKj mvnvexi XvjvI cÖksmv K‡i I Zuv‡ì avwg©KZv, mZZv I wek¦¯—Zvi †NvlYv w`‡q gnvb
Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫ك ُﻫم ﱠ‬ ِ ِ َ ‫اﻹﯿﻤﺎن وَزﯿَﱠﻨﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﻗُﻠُوﺒِ ُﻛم و َﻛﱠرﻩ إِﻟَْﯿ ُﻛم ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔر واﻟْﻔُﺴ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬
‫ون‬
َ ‫اﻟراﺸ ُد‬ ْ َ ‫ﺎن أ ُْوﻟَﺌ‬
َ ‫ﺼَﯿ‬
ْ ‫وق َوا ْﻟﻌ‬ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ ِ ‫ﱠب إِﻟَْﯿ ُﻛ ْم‬
َ ‫َوﻟَﻛ ﱠن اﻟﻠﻪَ َﺤﺒ‬
ÒwKš‘ Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì wbKU Cgvb‡K wcÖq K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡K †Zvgv‡ì ü`qMÖvnx K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Kzd&i, cvc I
Aeva¨Zv‡K †Zvgv‡ì wbKU AwcÖq K‡i‡Qb| ZvivB mrc_ Aej¤^bKvix|Ó 378
(2) we‡klZ cÖ_g AMÖeZ©x gynvwRi I AvbmviM‡Yi Rb¨ Avjvn RvbœvZ cÖ¯‘Z †i‡L‡Qb e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wbôvi mv‡_ Zuv‡ì AbymiY KivB Ab¨‡ì Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi c_ e‡j Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q:
ٍ ‫ﻀﻲ اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋ ْﻨﻬم ورﻀوا ﻋ ْﻨﻪ وأَﻋ ﱠد ﻟَﻬم ﺠﱠﻨ‬
ِ ٍ ‫وﻫم ﺒِِﺈ ْﺤﺴ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ُ‫واﻟﺴﱠﺎﺒِﻘُون اﻷ ﱠَوﻟ‬
‫ﺎت ﺘَ ْﺠ ِري ﺘَ ْﺤﺘَﻬَﺎ‬ َ ْ ُ َ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ‫ﺎن َر‬ َ ْ ُ ‫ﯿن اﺘﱠَﺒ ُﻌ‬
َ ‫َﻨﺼ ِﺎر َواﻟذ‬
َ ‫ﯿن َواﻷ‬َ ‫ون ﻤ ْن ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻬَﺎ ِﺠ ِر‬َ َ َ
‫ﯿم‬ ِ ‫ك ا ْﻟﻔَوُز ا ْﻟﻌ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
ُ َ ْ َ َ ً َ َ َ َ ‫اﻷ َْﻨﻬَ ُﺎر‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫َﺒ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﯿﻬ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯿن‬‫د‬ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺨ‬
ÒgynvwRi I Avbmviw`‡Mi g‡a¨ hviv cÖ_g AMÖMvgx Ges hviv wbôvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Avjvn Zv‡ì
cÖwZ mš‘ó Ges ZvivI Avjvni cÖwZ mš‘ó| Ges wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Qb RvbœvZ, hvi wbgœ‡`‡k b`x cÖevwnZ, †h_vq
Zviv wPi¯’vqx n‡e| G-B gnvmvdj¨|Ó 379
(3) evBqvZzi wiÌqvb I Zve~K hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rb¨ Avjøvni mš‘wói wbðqZv I Rvbœv‡Zi my¯úó mymsev`
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ت اﻟ ﱠﺸ َﺠ َرِة‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﯿن ِإ ْذ ُﯿَﺒﺎﯿِ ُﻌ‬
َ ‫وﻨ َك ﺘَ ْﺤ‬ َ ‫ﻟَﻘَ ْد َرﻀ َﻲ اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻋ ْن اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨ‬
380
ÒgywgbMY hLb e„¶Z‡j Avcbvi wbKU ÔevBqvZÕ MÖnY Kij, ZLb Avjvn Zv‡ì cÖwZ mš‘ó n‡jb|Ó
Zve~K hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix mKj mvnvexi cÖksmvq Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ
ُ ‫ﺎﻫ ُدوا ﺒِﺄ َْﻤ َواﻟِ ِﻬ ْم َوأَﻨﻔُ ِﺴ ِﻬ ْم َوأ ُْوَﻟﺌِ َك ﻟَﻬُ ْم اْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿ َر‬
‫ون‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟَ ِﻛ ْن ﱠ‬
َ ‫ات َوأ ُْوﻟَﺌ َك ُﻫ ْم اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔﻠ ُﺤ‬ َ ‫آﻤُﻨوا َﻤ َﻌﻪُ َﺠ‬
َ ‫ﯿن‬
َ ‫اﻟر ُﺴو ُل َواﻟذ‬
ÒwKš‘ ivm~j Ges hviv Zvi ms‡M Cgvb G‡b‡Q, Zviv wbR m¤ú` I Rxeb Øviv Avjvni c‡_ wRnv` K‡i‡Q; Zv‡ì Rb¨B
Kj¨vY Ges ZvivB mdjKvg|Ó381
(4) gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡b cÖ_‡g gynvwRi Ges AvbmviM‡Yi D‡jL K‡i Zuv‡ì cÖksmv K‡ib| Gici cieZ©x
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gywgb‡ì wel‡q e‡jb:
ِ ‫ِ ِﱠ‬ ِ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ْ ‫واﻟﱠِذﯿن ﺠﺎءوا ِﻤن ﺒﻌ ِد ِﻫم ﯿﻘُوﻟُون رﺒﱠﻨﺎ‬
‫َﻤُﻨوا‬ َ ‫ﺎن َوﻻ ﺘَ ْﺠ َﻌ ْل ﻓﻲ ُﻗﻠُوﺒَِﻨﺎ ﻏﻼ ﻟﻠذ‬
َ ‫ﯿن آ‬ ِ ‫ﯿﻤ‬ ِ ِ َ ُ‫ﯿن َﺴَﺒﻘ‬
َ ‫وﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻹ‬ َ ‫اﻏﻔ ْر ﻟََﻨﺎ َوِﻹ ْﺨ َواﻨَﻨﺎ اﻟذ‬ َ َ َ َ ْ َْ ْ ُ َ َ َ
‫ﯿم‬ ِ ٌ ‫رﺒﱠﻨﺎ ِإﱠﻨ َك رء‬
ٌ ‫وف َرﺤ‬ َُ ََ
ÒZv‡ì c‡i hviv AvMgb Kij Zviv e‡j, Ô†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK, Avgv‡ì‡K Ges Cgv‡b AMÖYx Avgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x
åvZvMY‡K ¶gv Ki Ges gywgb‡ì wei“‡× Avgv‡ì Aš—‡i wnsmv-we‡Øl †iL bv| †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK, Zzwg †Zv `qv`ª,
cig`qvjy|Ó 382
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cieZ©x mKj cÖR‡b¥i gywgb‡ì `vwqZ¡ mKj Avbmvi I gyRvwni
mvnvexi Rb¨ `yÔAv Kiv Ges Zuv‡ì‡K Aš—i w`‡q fvjevmv| Aš—‡i †Kv‡bv mvnvexi cÖwZ wnsmv ev we‡Ølfve Cgv‡bi mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© bq|
(5) ivm~jyjvn  e‡j‡Qb :
.‫ب‬ ْ ‫ ﺜُﱠم َﯿ‬،‫ ﺜُﱠم اﻟﱠِذْﯿ َن َﯿﻠُ ْوَﻨﻬُ ْم ﺜُﱠم اﻟﱠِذْﯿ َن َﯿﻠُ ْوَﻨﻬُ ْم‬،(‫َﺼ َﺤﺎﺒِ ْﻲ ) َﻓِﺈﱠﻨﻬُ ْم ِﺨَﯿ ُﺎرُﻛ ْم‬
ُ ‫ظﻬَُر اْﻟ َﻛِذ‬ ْ ‫أَ ْﻛ ِرُﻤ ْوا أ‬
Ò†Zvgiv Avgvi mvnvexMY‡K m¤§vb Ki‡e; KviY ZuvivB †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ me©‡kªô| Zuv‡ì c‡i Zuv‡ì cieZ©x hy‡Mi
gvby‡liv Ges Gici Zuv‡ì cieZ©x hy‡Mi gvby‡liv| Gici wg_¨v cÖKvwkZ n‡e|Ó 383
Ave~ ûivBiv I Ave~ mvC` (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِ ‫ق ِﻤﺜْ َل أُﺤ ٍد َذ َﻫﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻠَ َﻎ ﻤ ﱠد أ‬ ‫َﺼ َﺤﺎﺒِﻲ َﻓﻠَ ْو أ ﱠ‬
ُ‫َﺤدﻫ ْم َوﻻ َﻨﺼﯿﻔَﻪ‬
َ ُ َ َ ً ُ َ َ‫َﺤ َد ُﻛ ْم أ َْﻨﻔ‬
َ ‫َن أ‬ ْ ‫ﻻ ﺘَ ُﺴﱡﺒوا أ‬
Ò†Zvgiv Avgvi mvnvexMY‡K Mvwj †`‡e bv| KviY †Zvgv‡ì †KD hw` Dn` cvnvo cwigvY ¯^Y© `vb K‡i ZeyI †m
Zv‡ì Kv‡iv GK gyÏ (cÖvq Aa© †KwR) ev Zvi A‡a©K `v‡bi mgch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡e bv|Ó 384
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi G mKj wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K mvnvexM‡Yi wel‡q gymwjgMY wbgœiƒc AvKx`v †cvlY K‡ib:
(1) gvbe RvwZi g‡a¨ bexM‡Yi c‡iB mvnvexM‡Yi †kªôZ¡ Ges mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ Lyjvdv‡qi iv‡k`x‡bi †kªôZ¡|
(2) Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi g‡a¨ gh©v`vi ZviZg¨ Zuv‡ì wLjvdv‡Zi `vwq‡Z¡i µg Abymv‡i|
(3) Ab¨ mKj mvnvexI gnvb gh©v`vi AwaKvix| †Kv‡bv mvnvex‡KB †Kv‡bv gywgb mvgvb¨Zg Agh©v`v ev AeÁv K‡ib
bv| Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv wel‡qB †Kv‡bv Agh©v`vKi K_v †Kv‡bv gywgb KL‡bv e‡jb bv|
(4) mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ gZ‡f` n‡q‡Q Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv hy×weMÖn n‡q‡Q| fyj eySveywS, mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vcU, lohš¿
BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Kvi‡Y `yRb mr I wbôvevb e¨w³i g‡a¨ we‡iva, gvgjv ev hy× n‡Z cv‡i| ïay hy× ev we‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y KvD‡K
Acivax ejv hvq bv|
hy×weMÖn HwZnvwmK mZ¨| Z‡e †m¸wj‡Z Kvi wK f~wgKv wQj †m wel‡q †Kv‡bv P~ovš— wm×vš— †bIqv m¤¢e bq| G welqK
BwZnvm †jLv n‡q‡Q NUbvi cÖvq 200 ermi ci kxqv gZev` cÖfvweZ AveŸvmx kvmbvg‡j kxqvM‡Yi eY©bvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
KziAvb I nv`xm mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`v I mZZv wbwðZ K‡i‡Q| G mKj hy×weMÖ‡ni Ahynv‡Z Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv bv‡g Kzrmv iUbv ev
we‡Øl †cvlY Kivi A_© KziAvb I nv`x‡mi AMwYZ wb‡`©kbv RbkÖ“wZi Kvi‡Y evwZj K‡i †Ìqv|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡U© hw` †Kv‡bv `‡ji †bZ…¯’vbxq KvD‡K Acivax e‡j ivq †Ìqv nq Z‡e †m `‡ji Abymvixiv ivq‡K wg_¨v
ej‡eb wKš‘ †bZvi mZZvq wek¦vm nviv‡eb bv| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× AwZ-mv¤cÖwZK welq| ZviciI mK‡jB ïay BwZnvm
weK…wZi K_v e‡jb| HwZnvwmKiv hw` †Kv‡bv †bZvi Aciv‡ai A‡bK Z_¨ †ck K‡ib ZeyI Zvi Abymvixiv †m Z_¨ wek¦vm
Ki‡eb bv| Zvn‡j gywgb wKfv‡e ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mnPi‡ì wel‡q KziAvb cÖgvwYZ mZZvi mv‡¶ï wecix‡Z BwZnv‡mi
eY©bvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡eb?
Avgiv ïay GZUzKzB eje †h, hy× weMÖn N‡U‡Q, wKš‘ Kvi Kx f~wgKv Zv Avgiv GZw`b c‡i BwZnv‡mi eY©bvi Dci
wbf©i K‡i wba©viY Ki‡Z cvie bv| Z‡e KziAvb I nv`x‡mi eY©bvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Avgiv Zuv‡ì cwic~Y© mZZv I
†ejvqv‡Z wek¦vm Kwi| Avgiv g‡b Kwi †h, Zuv‡ì hy×-weMÖn BZ¨vw` fyj eySveywS I BRwZnv`x gZcv_©‡Kï Kvi‡YB
N‡U‡Q| G‡Z Zuv‡ì ZvKIqv I †ejvqvZ (Avjøvni Ijx nIqvi gh©v`v) ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq wb|
Dc‡ii welq¸‡jvB Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ms‡¶‡c D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zuvi ÒAvj-Iqvwmq¨vnÓ cyw¯—Kvq G
wel‡q Av‡iv e‡jb:
ِ ‫ ِرﻀوان‬،‫ ﺜُﱠم ﻋﻠِ ﱞﻲ‬،‫ﺜُﱠم ﻋﺜْﻤﺎن‬
‫اﷲ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ ،‫ ﺜُﱠم ُﻋ َﻤ ُر‬،‫ق‬ ‫ أَُﺒ ْو َﺒ ْﻛ ٍر ﱢ‬ ‫ﻀ َل َﻫِذ ِﻩ اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ َﺒ ْﻌ َد َﻨﺒِﯿَﱢﻨﺎ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍد‬
ُ ‫اﻟﺼ ﱢد ْﯿ‬ ‫َوُﻨ ِﻘ ﱡر ﺒِﺄ ﱠ‬
ُ َْ َ ُ َ ُ َ ‫َن أَ ْﻓ‬
ِ
‫ َوُﯿﺤﺒﱡﻬُ ْم ُﻛ ﱡل‬،‫ﻀ ُل‬ ‫ َو ُﻛ ﱡل‬،"‫ﺎت اﻟﱠﻨ ِﻌْﯿِم‬ ِ ‫ "واﻟﺴﱠﺎﺒِﻘُون اﻟﺴﱠﺎﺒِﻘُون أُوَﻟﺌِ َك اْﻟﻤﻘَﱠرﺒون ِﻓﻲ ﺠﱠﻨ‬:‫َﺠﻤ ِﻌْﯿن؛ ﻟِ َﻘوﻟِ ِﻪ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬
َ ‫ق ﻓَﻬُ َو أَ ْﻓ‬
َ ‫َﺴَﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﺎن أ‬
َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﻛ‬ َ ْ َ ُْ ُ َْ َْ َ َ ْ َ َْ‫أ‬
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.‫ق َﺸ ِﻘ ﱟﻲ‬
ٍ ‫ﻀﻬُ ْم ُﻛ ﱡل ُﻤَﻨ ِﺎﻓ‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫ َوُﯿْﺒﻐ‬،‫ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ٍن ﺘَﻘ ﱟﻲ‬
ÒGes Avgiv ¯^xKvi I wek¦vm Kwi †h, Avgv‡ì bex gynv¤§v` ()-Gi c‡i G D¤§v‡Zi †kªôZg Ave~ evKi wmÏxK,
AZtci Dgvi, AZtci Dmgvb, AZtci Avjx ivw`qvjvû Avbûg; KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: ÒGes AMÖMvgxMY AMÖeZ©xMYB †Zv
AMÖeZ©x, ZvivB †Zv ˆbKU¨cÖvß, wbqvgZc~Y© RvbœvZmg~‡nÓ 385| Avi (mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ BmjvgMÖn‡Y) †h hZ †ewk AMÖeZ©x
Zuvi gh©v`v ZZ †ewk| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K gyËvKx gywgb Zuv‡ì‡K fvjev‡m Ges cÖ‡Z¨K nZfvMv gybvwdK Zuv‡ì‡K we‡Øl
K‡i|Ó 386
A‡bK mgq Av‡eM-ZvwoZ gywgb cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i †Kv‡bv GKRb cÖwm× eyRy‡M©i †bKK‡g©i AvwaK¨ †`‡L Zv‡K †Kv‡bv
mvnvexi †P‡q AwaK gh©v`vkvjx e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gfv‡e kxqvMY I Ab¨ A‡b‡K Zvweqx Dgvi Beb Avãyj Avhxh
(ivn)-†K mvnvex gyAvweqv Beb Avex mywdqvb (iv) †_‡K DËg e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Qb| ivm~jjy øvn ()ÑGi cÖwZ Cgvb I
fvjevmvi `ye©jZv †_‡K Giƒc aviYvi Rb¥ nq| gywg‡bi Cgv‡bi `vwe †h, wZwb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ivmyjyjvn -Gi mvnP‡h©i
mv‡_ †Kv‡bv †bKK‡g©i Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mvnPh©, Cgv‡bi mv‡_ `y †PvL f‡i Zuv‡K †`Lv,
Zuvi gy‡Li K_v †kvbvi ev Zuvi mv‡_ wRnv‡` Ask †bIqvi †P‡q AwaK gh©v`vi Kg© wK Avi wKQz n‡Z cv‡i? Zuvi mvnP‡h©i
gva¨‡g Cgvb, ZvKIqv I †ejvqv‡Zi †h MfxiZv AR©b nq Zv wK Avi †Kv‡bvfv‡e m¤¢e? Avi gywg‡bi Avg‡ji gh©v`v ïay
evwn¨K cwigvc Øviv nq bv, eis Cgvb I ZvKIqvi MfxiZvI G‡¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Avi GRb¨B ivm~jyjvn  e‡j‡Qb:
cieZ©x‡ì Dû` cvnvo cwigvY ev j¶ j¶ Ub m¤ú` `vb mvnvexM‡Yi Aa© gyÏ ev 200/300 MÖvg m¤ú` `v‡bi mgK¶
n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi GRb¨B cieZ©x †Kv‡bv eyRyM© A‡bK †ewk Avgj Ki‡jI gh©v`vq †Kv‡bv AwZ mvaviY mvnvexi mgK¶
n‡Z cv‡ib bv| cieZ©x †Kv‡bv cÖR‡b¥i †Kv‡bv eyRyM©‡K †Kv‡bv mvnvexi mgK¶ ev DËg e‡j g‡b Ki‡j g~jZ ivm~jyjvn 
-Gi Ges Zuvi mvnP‡h©i Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
GRb¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) †Kv‡bv Zvweqx‡K ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eyRyM©‡K gyAvweqv (iv) ev †Kv‡bv mvnvexi mv‡_ Zzjbv
Kivi cÖeYZvi cÖej we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ٕوان طﺎل‬،‫ ﺨﯿر ﻤن ﻋﻤل أﺤدﻨﺎ ﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻋﻤرﻩ‬،‫ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ واﺤدة‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎم أﺤدﻫم ﻤﻊ رﺴول اﷲ‬
Òivm~jyjvn -Gi mv‡_ GKRb mvnvexi GK gyn~‡Z©i Ae¯’vb Avgv‡ì AvRxe‡bi Avg‡ji †P‡qI DËg, Avgv‡ì
Rxeb hZB `xN© †nvK bv †Kb|Ó 387
G A‡_© Ab¨ GK eyRyM© e‡jb:
‫ أﻓﻀل ﻤن ﻋﻤل ﻋﻤر ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﻟﻌزﯿز‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎر دﺨل ﻓﻲ أﻨف ﻤﻌﺎوﯿﺔ ﻤﻊ رﺴول اﷲ‬
Òivm~jyjvn -Gi mvnP‡h© gyAvweqvi bv‡Ki g‡a¨ †h ayjv cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q ZvI Dgvi Beb Avãyj Avhx‡hi Avg‡ji
†P‡q DËg|Ó388
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v eY©bv cÖm‡½ PZz_©-cÂg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× nvbvdx dKxn wePvicwZ mvwq` bvBmvc~ix
(343-432 wn) e‡jb:
‫ ﯿﺎ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ ﻓﻘﺎم‬،‫ ﻤﻊ ﻨوح ﺒن أﺒﻲ ﻤرﯿم‬- ‫ رﻀﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬- ‫ ﻛﻨت ﻋﻨد أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬:‫روي ﻋن اﺒن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك رﺤﻤﻪ اﷲ ﻗﺎل‬
‫ ﻓﺈن‬،‫ ﻋن ﻛل ﻋدل ﻓﻲ ﻫواﻩ إﻻ اﻟراﻓﻀﺔ‬:‫ ﻓﻌ ﱠﻤ ْن أﺤﻤل؟ ﻓﻘﺎل‬،‫ وأرﯿد أن أﻛﺘب ﻤن اﻵﺜﺎر‬،‫اﻟﻛﺘب‬
َ ‫ﻛﺘﺒت ﻫذﻩ‬
ُ ‫أﺒﺎ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ! إﻨﻲ ﻗد‬
.‫ﺤﺒﻬم‬ ِ ‫ وﻻ‬،‫ﻋﻠﯿﺎ وﻋﺜﻤﺎن‬
ّ ‫ﺘﺤﻤ ِل اﻵﺜﺎر ﻋﻤن ﻻ ُﯿ‬ ّ ‫ب‬ ّ ‫أﺤ‬ِ ‫ و‬،‫ﻀ ْل أﺒﺎ ﺒﻛر وﻋﻤر‬ ِ ‫أﺼل‬
‫ َﻓ ﱢ‬. ‫ﻋﻘدﻫم ﺘﻀﻠﯿ ُل أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬
َ
ÒAvãyjøvn Bebyj gyevivK (ivn) †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb: Avwg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivw`)-Gi wbKU wQjvg| Avgvi mv‡_ b~n
Beb Avex gwiqg wQ‡jb| wZwb ùvwo‡q ej‡jb: †n Ave~ nvbxdv, Avwg †Zv G mKj (wdKnx) wKZve †jLvcov Kijvg| GLb
Avwg nv`xm wkÿv Ki‡Z PvB| Kvi wbKU †_‡K nv`xm wkÿv Kie? Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: mKj mr-wek¦¯Í gynvwÏm †_‡K nv`xm
wkL‡e, hwÌ Zvi g‡a¨ wKQz weÀvZ _v‡K| Z‡e kxqv-ivwdhx‡ì †_‡K wKQzB †jLv hv‡e bv| KviY Zv‡ì gZev‡ì g~j
wfwË ivm~jyjøvn -Gi mvnvexMY‡K weåvšÍ e‡j `vwe Kiv| Zzwg Ave~ eKi (iv) I Dgvi (iv)-†K mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ m‡e©vËg
e‡j wek¦vm Ki‡e Ges Avjx (iv) I Dmgvb (iv)-†K fvjevm‡e| hviv Zuv‡ì‡K fvjev‡m Zviv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv wbKU †_‡K
nv`xm wkL‡e bv|Ó 389
m¤§vwbZ cvVK, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi G K_vwU Abyave‡bi Rb¨ GKwU welq wPšÍv Kiæb| hw` Bn~`x‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq:
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†kÖô gvbyl Kviv? Zviv GKev‡K¨ ej‡eb: Avgv‡ì bex g~mvi (Av) mnPiMY| hw` L„÷vb‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq: †kÖô
gvbyl Kviv? Zviv GKev‡K¨ ej‡eb: Avgv‡ì bex Cmvi (Av) nvIqvix-mnPiMY| Avi hw` kxqv‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq wbK…ó-
N„Y¨Zg gvbyl Kviv? Z‡e Zviv GKev‡K¨ ej‡eb: Avgv‡ì bex gynv¤§v` ()-Gi mnPiMY!!
kxqv‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiæb: me‡P‡q fvj gvbyl Kviv? Zviv ej‡eb: Avjx (iv)-Gi mv_xMY| Zv‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiæb: me‡P‡q
Lvivc gvbyl Kviv? Zviv GKev‡K¨ ej‡eb: gynv¤§v` ()-Gi mv_xMY!!
m¤§vwbZ cvVK, KvD‡K fvjevmvi AwZ ¯^vfvweK cÖKvk Zvi mv‡_ RwoZ mKj‡K fvjevmv I m¤§vb Kiv| GgbwK
Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv Aciva cÖgvwYZ n‡jI ARynvZ Lyu‡R Zv evwZj Ki‡Z †Póv Kiv| KviY wcÖqZ‡gi mv_x‡ì‡K Lvivc Kíbv
Ki‡Z gb gv‡b bv| Avi Kv‡iv m½xmv_x‡K m‡e©v”P N„Yv Kivi mywbwðZ A_© H e¨w³i cÖwZ fvjevmv bv _vKv| Kv‡RB
gynv¤§v` ()-Gi mv_x‡ì‡K c_åó cÖgvY Kiv I Zuv‡ì‡K N„Yv Kiv hv‡ì a‡g©i g~j wfwË Zuv‡ì †_‡K gynv¤§v` ()-Gi
nv`xm ev `xb wkÿv Kiv wK m¤¢e?
mvnvexMY wel‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Zvnvex e‡jb:
َ ‫ َوﺒِ َﻐ ْﯿ ِر‬،‫ﻀﻬُم‬
‫اﻟﺨ ْﯿ ِر‬ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ‫ب أَﺤ ٍد ِﻤ ْﻨﻬم؛ وﻻَ َﻨﺘَﺒﱠأُر ِﻤ ْن أ‬ ِ ‫ﺎب رﺴ‬ ‫َوُﻨ ِﺤ ﱡ‬
ُ ‫ض َﻤ ْن ُﯿ ْﺒﻐ‬ ُ ‫ َوُﻨ ْﺒﻐ‬،‫َﺤد ﻤ ْﻨﻬُم‬ َ َ َ ُ َ ‫ َوﻻَ ُﻨ ْﻔ ِرطُ ﻓﻲ ُﺤ ﱢ‬، ‫ول اﷲ‬ ُ َ ‫َﺼ َﺤ‬ ْ ‫ب أ‬
‫ أ ﱠَوﻻً ﻷَﺒِﻲ‬ ‫ول اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ت ا ْﻟ ِﺨﻼﻓَﺔَ َﺒ ْﻌ َد رﺴ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َُ ُ ِ‫ َوُﻨﺜْﺒ‬.‫ﺎن‬ ٌ ‫ﺎق وطُ ْﻐَﯿ‬ ٌ َ‫ﻀﻬُم ُﻛ ْﻔٌر وﻨِﻔ‬ ُ ‫ َوُﺒ ْﻐ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ٌ ‫ﺎن ٕوا ْﺤ َﺴ‬ ٌ ‫ﯿﻤ‬َ ‫ﯿن ٕوا‬ٌ ‫ َو ُﺤﺒﱡﻬُم ِد‬,‫ وﻻ ُﻨ ْذ ُﻛ ُرُﻫم إِﻻ ﺒِ َﺨ ْﯿ ٍر‬،‫َﯿ ْذ ُﻛ ُرُﻫم‬
‫ َو ُﻫ ُم‬، ‫ ﺜُﱠم ﻟِ َﻌﻠِ ﱢﻲ ْﺒ ِن أَﺒِﻲ طَﺎﻟِ ٍب‬، ‫ﺎن‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﺜُﱠم ﻟِ ُﻌﻤر ْﺒ ِن ا ْﻟ َﺨطﱠ‬،‫ﻀﯿﻼً ﻟَﻪُ وﺘَ ْﻘ ِدﯿﻤﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺠ ِﻤﯿ ِﻊ اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‬ ِ ‫ ◌ ْﻓ‬‫ق‬
َ ‫ ﺜُﱠم ﻟ ُﻌﺜْ َﻤ‬، ‫ﺎب‬ ََ ً َ َ ِ ‫اﻟﺼ ﱢدﯿ‬ ‫َﺒ ْﻛ ٍر ﱢ‬
‫ َﻨ ْﺸﻬَ ُد ﻟَﻬُ ْم ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ َﺸ ِﻬ َد ﻟَﻬُ ْم َر ُﺴو ُل‬،‫ َوَﺒ ﱠﺸ َرُﻫ ْم ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ْم َر ُﺴو ُل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ُ ‫ﯿن َﺴ ﱠﻤ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ َ ٕوِا ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺸ َرةَ اﻟذ‬.‫ﱡون‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫ون َواﻷَﺌ ﱠﻤﺔُ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻬدﯿ‬
ِ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﺨﻠَﻔَﺎء ﱠ‬
َ ‫اﻟراﺸ ُد‬ ُ
ٍ ِ
‫ َوأَُﺒو ُﻋَﺒ ْﯿ َدةَ ْﺒ ُن‬،‫اﻟر ْﺤ َﻤن ْﺒ ُن َﻋ ْوف‬ ‫ َو َﻋ ْﺒ ُد ﱠ‬،‫ﯿد‬ ِ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ
ٌ ‫ َو َﺴﻌ‬،‫ َو َﺴ ْﻌ ٌد‬،‫ َواﻟزَﺒ ْﯿ ُر‬،ُ‫ َوطَﻠْ َﺤﺔ‬،‫ َو َﻋﻠ ﱞﻲ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ٍ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ َو ُﻋﺜْ َﻤ‬،‫ َو ُﻋ َﻤ ُر‬،‫ أَُﺒو َﺒ ْﻛر‬:‫ َو ُﻫ ْم‬،‫ َوﻗَ ْوﻟُﻪُ ا ْﻟ َﺤق‬، ‫اﻟﻠﻪ‬
‫ﯿن ِﻤ ْن‬ ِ ِِ ٍ ‫ات ِﻤ ْن ُﻛ ﱢل َدَﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻫر‬ِ ‫ِِ ﱠ‬ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ْ ‫َﺤ َﺴ َن ا ْﻟﻘَو َل ِﻓﻲ أ‬ ْ ‫ َو َﻤ ْن أ‬. ‫ﯿن َﻫ ِذ ِﻩ اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‬ ِ
َ ‫ َوُذﱢرﯿﱠﺎﺘﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻘَ ﱠدﺴ‬،‫س‬ َ ‫ َوأ َْزَواﺠﻪ اﻟط‬ ‫َﺼ َﺤﺎب َر ُﺴول اﻟﻠﻪ‬ ْ ُ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺠﱠار ِح َو ُﻫ َو أَﻤ‬
‫ ﻻ‬،-‫َﻫ ُل ا ْﻟِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ َواﻟﱠﻨظَ ِر‬ ْ ‫ َوأ‬،‫َﻫ ُل ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿ ِر َواﻷَﺜَِر‬ ْ ‫أ‬- ‫ﯿن‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ َو َﻤ ْن َﺒ ْﻌ َد ُﻫ ْم ﻤ َن اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺒِﻌ‬،‫ﯿن‬
ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺴﻠَف ﻤ َن اﻟﺴﱠﺎﺒِﻘ‬ ُ ‫ َو ُﻋﻠَ َﻤ‬.‫ق‬ِ ‫س؛ ﻓَﻘَ ْد َﺒ ِرئَ ِﻤ َن اﻟﱢﻨﻔَﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ُﻛ ﱢل ِر ْﺠ‬
.‫ﯿل‬ِ ِ‫ وﻤ ْن َذ َﻛرُﻫم ﺒِﺴوٍء ﻓَﻬو َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻏ ْﯿ ِر اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒ‬،‫ﯿل‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ُﯿ ْذ َﻛر َ ِ ﱠ‬
َُ ُ ْ َ َ َ ‫ون إﻻ ﺒﺎ ْﻟ َﺠﻤ‬ ُ
ÒAvgiv ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvnvexMY‡K fvjevwm| Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv fvjevmvq mxgvj•Nb Kwi bv Ges Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv cÖwZ
Afw³ ev m¤úK©nxbZv †NvlYv Kwi bv| hviv mvnvexMY‡K we‡Øl K‡i ev N„Yv K‡i ev fvjfv‡e Qvov Zuv‡ì D‡jL K‡i
Avgiv Zv‡ì‡K N„Yv Kwi| Avgiv Zuv‡ì‡K fvj K_v Qvov D‡jL Kwi bv| Zuv‡ì‡K fvjevmv `xb, Cgvb I Bnmvb| Avi
Zuv‡ì‡K we‡Øl Kiv ev N„Yv Kiv Kzd&i, wbdvK I Aeva¨Zv| Avgiv ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi ci Avey evKi wmwÏK (iv)-Gi
wLjvdZ ¯^xKvi Kwi Ges Zv mgMÖ D¤§‡Zi Dci Zvui †kªôZ¡ I kxl©¯’vbxq nIqvi Kvi‡Y| Zvici Dgvi Beb LvËve (iv),
Zvici Dmgvb (iv) Ges Zvici Avjx (iv)-Gi wLjvdZ ¯^xKvi Kwi| GivB n‡jb Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb, (myc_cÖvß
Ljxdve„›`) I Avwq¤§vn gvnw`qxb (gvn`x Bgvg ev wn`vqvZcÖvß Bgvge„›`)| ivm~jyjvn () †h `kRb mvnvexi bvg D‡jL
K‡i Zuv‡ì RvbœvZevmx nIqvi mymsev` `vb K‡i‡Qb Avgvi Zvui G mv‡¶ï wfwË‡Z Zuv‡ì RvbœvZevmx nIqvi mv¶¨ cÖ`vb
Kwi| †Kbbv, Zvui Dw³ mZ¨| Giv n‡jb: Avey evKi, Dgvi, Dmgvb, Avjx, Zvjnv, hyev‡qi, mvÕ` (Beb Avex Iqv°vm),
mvC` (Beb hvB` Beb Avgi), Avãyi ingvb web AvÕId Ges Avey Devq`vn web Rviivn ()| Avi G †k‡lv³Rb G
D¤§‡Zi Avgxb (wek¦vmfvRb e¨w³) wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ| Avjvn& ZvAvjv Zvu‡ì mevBi Dci mš‘ó †nvb| †h e¨w³ ivm~jyjvn
-Gi mvnvexMY, Zvui wb®‹jyl mnawg©bx I c~Z-cweÎ wbg©j eskaiMY m¤ú‡K© DËg gš—e¨ Ki‡jv †m wbdvK †_‡K gy³
n‡jv| cÖ_g hy‡Mi Ômvjvd mvwjnxbÕ (†bKKvi c~e©eZ©xMY) I Zvu‡ì Abymvix cieZx©Kv‡ji Kj¨vYgq AvwjgMY, gynvwÏm I
nv`xm AbymvixMY Ges dKxn-gyRZvwn` I wdKn-AbymvixMY, Zuv‡ì mKj‡KB h_v‡hvM¨ m¤§vb I cÖksmvi mv‡_ ¯§iY I
D‡jL Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ Zvu‡ì m¤ú‡K© KUzw³ ev weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡i †m åvš— c‡_i Abymvix|Ó 390
4. 4. c~e©eZ©x AvwjgMY
Avgiv †`LwQ †h, mvnvexM‡Yi wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Zuvi mv_x‡ì AvKx`v Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Bgvg Zvnvex
Ômvjvd mvwjnxbÕ ev c~e©eZ©x †bKKviMY I Zuv‡ì Abymvix cieZ©x Avwjg-eyRyM©MY welqK AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
G welqK DMÖZv Zuvi hy‡M †hgb e¨vcK wQj, eZ©gvb hy‡MI †Zgwb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, kxqvMY fw³i bv‡g Avjx-es‡ki
BgvgMY, Zuv‡ì LjxdvMY Ges kxqv mgv‡Ri AMwYZ Avwjg, Bgvg I cxi‡K wbf©yj, wb®úvc, gvm~g ev ÒAåvš—Ó e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì K_v, Kg© ev gZ‡KB `x‡bi Rb¨ P~ovš— e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jvi wfwË‡Z KziAvb I nv`x‡mi my¯úó
e³e¨ A¯^xKvi, Agvb¨ ev e¨vL¨v I evwZj K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e Zuv‡ì‡K Zviv byeyIqv‡Zi gh©v`vq mgvmxb K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk
mvnvexMY, ZvweqxMY, Pvi Bgvg I g~javivi mKj Avwjg-eyRyM©i PwiÎ niY I we‡Øl cÖPv‡i wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii RvwjqvwZ I †bvsivwgi
AvkÖq wb‡q‡Qb|
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Aciw`‡K LvwiRxMY Ges Zv‡ì cvkvcvwk gyZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ weåvš— wdiKv c~e©eZ©x AvwjgM‡Yi Bjg, BRwZnv`, Ávb I
g‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú~Y© A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, Dciš‘ Zviv Zuv‡ì wel‡q KU~w³ K‡i‡Qb| c~e©eZ©x AvwjgMY †KD ev Zv‡ì
ga¨Kvi AgyK-ZgyK Bmjvg †gv‡UI ey‡Sb wb, AÁ wQ‡jb, `vjvj ev `ywbqvgywL wQ‡jb BZ¨vw` Akvjxb I †bvsiv gš—e¨ Zviv
K‡i‡Q|
G `ywU weåvš— avivi cvkvcvwk ÒAvnjym mybœvZÓ-Gi nv`xmcš’x I wdKncš’x bvgavix‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK kÎ“Zv I c~e©eZ©x
gynvwÏm I dKxnM‡Yi wel‡q Akvjxb gš—e¨ Kiv ïi“ nq| nv`xmcš’xiv dKxn‡ì wel‡q XvjvIfv‡e Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv we‡kl
†Kv‡bv dKxn, gyRZvwn` ev Bgv‡gi wel‡q Ònv`xm-we‡ivaxÓ, ÒAÁÓ BZ¨vw` gš—e¨ Ki‡Zb| Gi wecix‡Z wdKncš’x ev wdKn
AbymvixMY gynvwÏm‡ì wei“‡× mvaviYfv‡e ev †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gynvwÏ‡mi wel‡q ÒcÖÁvnxb gyL¯—KvixÓ, Òwb‡e©vaÓ, Ò†ZvZvcvwLÓ
BZ¨vw` gš—e¨ Ki‡Zb| G †cÖ¶vc‡U KziAvb-mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ mwVK c_ wb‡`©kbvi Rb¨ Bgvg Zvnvex Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v
D‡jL K‡i e‡jb †h, D¤§v‡Zi c~e©eZ©x Avwjg, gynvwÏm, dKxn, gyRZvwn`, Bgvg mKj‡KB m¤§vb I cÖksmvi mv‡_ ¯§iY Ki‡Z
n‡e|
e¯‘Z mvaviY gvbyl, GgbwK Avwjg I cÖvÁ gvby‡livI gh©v`vi wel‡q we‡kl cÖvwš—KZvq Avµvš—| Zuviv g‡b K‡ib †h,
KvD‡K m¤§vb ev gh©v`vi Avm‡b emv‡bvi A_© Zvi mewKQz‡K mwVK e‡j MÖnY Kiv| A_ev g‡b Kiv nq †h, Kv‡iv Kg©, gZ ev
K_vi we‡ivwaZv Kivi A_© Zv‡K Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv| KL‡bv g‡b Kiv nq, Kv‡iv gZ ev K‡g© wKQz fyj _vKvi A_©B Zvi
AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zv|
KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv I mvnvexM‡Yi Kg©aviv Avgv‡ì wk¶v †`q †h, gvbyl gvÎB fyj Ki‡Z cv‡i| bexMY Qvov
†KD gvm~g, Aåvš— ev wbf©yj bb| fy‡ji Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv gvby‡li MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ev eyRywM© bó nq bv| †Zgwb Kv‡iv †ejvqvZ ev
eyRywM©i Kvi‡Y Zuvi fyj¸wj mwV‡K cwiYZ nq bv| mvnvexMY, cÖwm× BgvgMY I cieZ©x cÖwm× AvwjgMY A‡bK mvnvex-
Zvweqxi A‡bK gZ MÖnY K‡ib wb ev we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvnvex-Zvweqx †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv me©ve¯’vq
wb‡la K‡i‡Qb, †KD †gvRvwenxb cv gvm&n K‡i‡Qb, †KD wZbevi gv_v gvm&n K‡i‡Qb, †KD mvjvZ-iZ Ae¯’vq gymvdvnv
K‡i‡Qb, †KD i“Kzi g‡a¨ `y nvUzi g‡a¨ nvZ †i‡L‡Qb...| 391 G mKj †¶‡Î mybœv‡Z beexi wecix‡Z `y-GKRb mvnvex ev
Zvweqxi Kg©, gZ ev K_v Zuviv MÖnY K‡ib wb| wKš‘ KL‡bvB †Kv‡bvfv‡e Zuviv weiƒc gš—e¨ K‡ib wb| eis Zuv‡ì cÖwZ
cwic~Y© m¤§vb I fvjevmv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| gyRZvwn` Zvi mwVK BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ `ywU mvIqve Ges fyj BRwZnv‡ì Kvi‡Y
GKwU mvIqve jvf K‡ib|392 Zuvi fyj BRwZnv‡ì Kvi‡Y wZwb Acivax nb bv| KziAvb-mybœv‡ni Av‡jv‡K c~e©eZ©x
AvwjgM‡Yi gZ Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv, MÖnY ev eR©‡bi AwaKvi cieZ©x AvwjgM‡Yi i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv
e³e¨, Kg© ev fyj BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ Zuv‡ì cÖwZ weiƒc aviYv ev Akª×v cÖKvk wbtm‡›`‡n wb›`bxq| Bgvg Zvnvex †m welqwUB
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
GLv‡b wb‡gœi welq¸wj j¶Yxq:
cÖ_gZ: Avwj‡gi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wbf©yj nIqv kZ© bq; KviY bexMY Qvov †KD gvm~g bb| GKRb cÖwm×
Avwjg‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq, AgyK e¨w³ Avwjg n‡q wKfv‡e mybœv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡jb? wKfv‡e Giƒc fyj Ki‡jb? wKfv‡e G
welqwU Rvb‡jb bv ev eyS‡Z cvi‡jb bv? DË‡i wZwb e‡jb: Ò†hb AvwjgMY bexM‡Yi gZ bv nb †mRb¨B Avjvn G eë¯’v
K‡i‡Qb|Ó
wØZxqZ: AvwjgM‡Yi gh©v`v KziAvb mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ| AvwjgMY bexM‡Yi DËivwaKvix| nv`xm, wdKn I KziAvb-
mybœvn wfwËK mKj cÖKvi BjgB Gi g‡a¨ Aš—f©y³| Kv‡RB mKj Avwjg‡K kª×v Kiv I fvjevmv gywg‡bi Cgvbx `vwqZ¡|
AvKx`vn Zvnvweq¨vi e¨vL¨vKviMY, Beb Avwej Bh&h nvbvdx, mvwjn Avj-dvIhvb, mvwjn Beb Avãyj Avhxh Avj-kvBL I
Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, GLv‡b Bgvg Zvnvex cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn mKj gynvwÏm I dKx‡ni cÖwZ kª×v‡eva I
fvjevmvi ¸i“Z¡ eywS‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡ì Kv‡iv BRwZnv`x fy‡ji Rb¨ weiƒc gš—e¨ Kiv, Zuv‡ì gh©v`vnvwb ev Aeg~j¨vq‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Zuv‡ì fyj¸wj msKjb ev cÖPvi Kiv BZ¨vw` meB Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ I mvjd mvwjnx‡bi gZ I c‡_i
mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
Z…ZxqZ: Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn I Bmjvgx Áv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi cÖwm× AvwjgM‡Yi gva¨‡gB D¤§v‡Zi mvaviY gvbyl `xb
jvf K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì cÖwZ weiƒc aviYv, gš—e¨ I Akª×v mvaviY gvby‡li g‡bvRM‡Z `xbx Bjg PP©vq-iZ AvwjgM‡Yi cÖwZ Av¯’v
bó nq, `x‡bi wel‡q Zuv‡ì‡K cÖkœ Ki‡ZI Zviv Drmvn cvq bv Ges µgvš^‡q mvaviY gvbyl wewfbœ weåvwš— I wew”QbœZvi g‡a¨
wbcwZZ nq| kvBL mvwjn Beb Avãyj Avhxh Avj-kvBL e‡jb: ÒAvwjgM‡Yi wel‡q Lvivc gš—e¨ g~jZ mvnvex‡ì wel‡q Lvivc
gš—‡eï gZB| Avi GRb¨B Bgvg Zvnvex mvnvex‡ì c‡i AvwjgM‡Yi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| mvnvex‡ì wel‡q Kz-aviYv ev Lvivc
gš—e¨ `x‡bi weï×Zvi wei“‡× AccÖPvi Qvov wKQzB bq| †Zgwb cÖvÁ, cÖwm× †bKKvi Avwjg, Bgvg, dKxn, gyRZvwn` ev
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gynvwÏmM‡Yi BRwZnv`x fyjåvwš—i Kvi‡Y Zuv‡ì wei“‡× weiƒc gš—e¨ ev Kz-aviYvI `xb Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× AccÖPvi| 393
fvjevmv I kÖ×vi cÖKvkmn mgv‡jvPbv Bmjvg m¤§Z| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Avgiv e¨w³MZ ev †MvôxMZfv‡e Avwjg‡ì PwiÎnb‡b
wjß| G‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Abymvixiv Lywk n‡”Qb| wKš‘ mgv‡Ri msL¨vMwiô mvaviY gvbyl I hye mgvR †Kv‡bv ag©xq `‡ji Abymvix
bv| Zviv GZUzKzB eyS‡Qb †h, Avwjgiv AÁ, Amr I A‡hvM¨| ag©xq, mvgvwRK ev ˆbwZK †Kv‡bv wel‡q Zuv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j jvf
†bB| L„÷vb wgkbvwi, Kvw`qvbx, evnvqx, bvw¯ÍK I Ab¨vbïv G welqwU Lye fvjfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡”Qb|
m¤§vwbZ cvVK, Avgiv †`‡LwQ, c~e©eZ©x‡ì cÖwZ cieZ©x‡ì `vwqZ¡ eY©bv K‡i Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: Òhviv Zv‡ì c‡i
G‡m‡Q, Zviv e‡j, Ô†n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡ì‡K I Avgv‡ì †h mKj fvB Avgv‡ì c~‡e© Cgvb G‡b‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K
¶gv Ki“b Ges gyÕwgb‡ì wei“‡× Avgv‡ì Aš—‡i we‡Øl ivL‡eb bv| †n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avcwb †Zv `qv`ª©, cig
`qvjyÕ|Ó 394
gnvb Avjvn Avgv‡ì‡K Gfv‡e c~e©eZ©x Avwjg-eyRyM©‡ì Rb¨ `yAv Kivi Ges c~e©eZ©x I mgKvjxb mKj Avwjg I
gywgb‡K fvjevmvi Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ AwZfw³ I we‡Øl †_‡K ü`q‡K cweÎ Kivi ZvIdxK `vb Ki“b| Avgxb!
5. ZvKdxi ev Kvwdi K_b
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ÔZvKdxiÕ cÖm½ D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb: ÒAvgiv †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K †Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Kvwdi ewj
bv, hwÌ Zv †Kv‡bv Kexiv †Mvbvn nq, hZ¶Y bv †m e¨w³ D³ cvcwU‡K nvjvj e‡j wek¦vm K‡i| Avgiv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv
gymwj‡gi ÔCgvbÕ-Gi bvg AcmviY Kwi bv| eis Avgiv Zv‡K cÖK…ZB gywgb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kwi, †m Kvwdi bv n‡q GKRb cvcx
gywgb n‡Z cv‡i|Ó
5. 1. Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejv
ÔKzd&iÕ (‫ )اﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔُر‬A_© Ave„Z Kiv, Awek¦vm, A¯^xKvi ev AK…ZÁZv (to disbelieve, to be ungrateful, to cover)| Bmjvgx
cwifvlvq wek¦v‡mi Awe`¨gvbZvB Kzd&i ev Awek¦vm| Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j ev Cgv‡bi i“Kb¸wj‡Z wek¦vm bv _vKv-B Bmjv‡gi
cwifvlvq ÔKzd&iÕ e‡j MY¨| A¯^xKvi, m‡›`n, wØav, wnsmv, An¼vi, BZ¨vw` †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y hw` Kv‡iv g‡a¨ ÔCgvbÕ ev `„p
cÖZ¨‡qi wek¦vm Abycw¯’Z _v‡K Z‡e Zv Bmjvgx cwifvlvq ÔKzd&iÕ e‡j MY¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e gnvb Avjvn Qvov Ab¨ KvD‡K †Kv‡bv
wel‡q Zuvi mgZzj¨ ev mgK¶ ev Zuvi mv‡_ Zzjbxq e‡j wek¦vm Kivi gva¨‡g Avjvni GKZ¡ I AZzjbxqZ¡ A¯^xKvi KivI Kzdi|
GRb¨ Kzdi ej‡Z wkiK, m‡›`n I mKj cÖKvi Awek¦vm eySv‡bv nq|
ZvK&dxi (‫ )اﻟﺘﻛﻔﯿر‬Ges BK&dvi (‫ )اﻹﻛﻔﺎر‬A_© ÒKvwdi evbv‡bvÓ| A_©vr KvD‡K Kvwdi ejv ev Awek¦vmx e‡j Awfhy³ Kiv
(to accuse of unbelief, charge with infidelity)| †h e¨w³ wb‡R‡K gywgb ev wek¦vmx e‡j `vwe Ki‡Qb Zv‡K Awek¦vmx ev
Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨v †Ìqv‡K mvaviYfv‡e ÒZvKdxiÓ ejv nq|
gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g weåvwš—¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg wQj ÒZvKdxiÓ ev gymwjg‡K Kvwdi ejv| wØZxq wnRix
kZ‡K we`¨gvb weåvšÍ wdiKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU wel‡q wgj wQj, Zv n‡jv, wb‡R‡ì Qvov Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨
Kiv| G‡ì g‡a¨ ÒLvwiRxÓ wdiKvi AvKx`vi g~j wfwËB wQj ÒZvKdxiÓ| Ab¨vb¨ wdiKvI cv‡ci Kvi‡Y ev gZ‡f`xq
wel‡q wfbœg‡Zi Kvi‡Y gymwjg‡ì‡K XvjvIfv‡e Kvwdi ej‡Z _v‡K| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi hy‡M ZvKdxi wQj
D¤§v‡Zi Ab¨Zg wdZbv I weåvwš—| G Rb¨ wZwb G MÖ‡š’ I Ab¨vb¨ cyw¯—Kvq G welqwU Av‡jvPbv I e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
5. 2. Kvwdi K_‡bi c×wZmg~n
weåvš— wdiKv¸‡jvi ÒZvKdxiÓ c×wZ‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq: (1) Kzdi-Gi cwiwa e„w×i gva¨‡g ZvKdxi, (2)
Cgvb-Gi cwiwa e„w×i gva¨‡g ZvKdxi Ges (3) K_v ev g‡Zi cwiYwZi ARynv‡Z ZvKdxi|
5. 2. 1. Kzdi-Gi cwiwa evov‡bv
ÒKzdiÓ-Gi cwiwa evov‡bv A_© hv Kzdi bq ZvI Kzdi e‡j MY¨ Kiv| Gi Ab¨Zg w`K Kexiv †Mvbvn‡K Kzdi e‡j
MY¨ Kiv| G c×wZ‡Z gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejvi aviv Pvjy nq ÒLvwiRxÓ-M‡Yi gva¨‡g| Zviv †h †Kv‡bv Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß
nIqv‡K Kzd&i e‡j MY¨ K‡i| LvivRv (‫ ) َﺨ َرَج‬A_© evwni nIqv, AvbyMZ¨ Z¨vM ev we‡`ªvn Kiv| LvwiR ev LvwiRx
(‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺠﻲ‬/‫ )اﻟﺨﺎرج‬A_© `jZ¨vMx, we‡`ªvnx, mgvR cwiZ¨vMKvix ev wew”QbœZvi c_ MÖnYKvix|
37 wnRix mv‡j Avjx (iv)-Gi mv‡_ gyAvweqv (iv)-Gi Pjgvb wmd&dx‡bi hy‡×i mg‡q GKch©v‡q Dfq c¶ ÒmvwjmÓ-
Gi gva¨‡g gxgvsmv Kivi wm×vš— †bb| G‡Z Avjx (iv)-Gi c‡¶i K‡qK nvRvi hyeK ˆmwbK c¶Z¨vM K‡i Òwe‡`ªvnxÓ evwnbx
ˆZwi K‡ib| G‡ì g~jbxwZ wQj (1) ZvKdxi, (2) wRnv` I (3) ivóª| Giv `vex K‡ib †h, Avjvni †Kv‡bv weavb Agvb¨ Kiv
ev Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß nIqvB Kzdix| Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` Kiv dih AvBb| Giƒc Kvwdi ev cvcx ivóªcÖavb I Zvi
c‡¶i gvbyl‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` Kiv dih AvBb| Zviv `vwe K‡ib, Avjvn KziAv‡b we‡`ªvnx‡ì AvZ¥mgc©b bv Kiv ch©š— hy×
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Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| 395 Avjx (iv) I gyAvweqv (iv) †m wb‡`©k Agvb¨ K‡i mvwjm wb‡qvM K‡i Kzdix K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB Zuviv
I Zuv‡ì Abymvixiv mK‡jB Kvwdi| G‡ì wei“‡× wRnv` K‡i cÖK…Z gymwjg‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ ivóª cÖwZôv Kiv dih|
Giv Bmjv‡gi wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i gvbyl, hviv ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Idv‡Zi c‡i Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| G‡ì cÖvq mK‡jB
wQ‡jb hyeK| Giv wQ‡jb AZ¨š— avwg©K, mr I wbôvevb Av‡eMx gymwjg| mvivivZ Zvnv¾y` Av`vq I mvivw`b wmqvg, whK&i
I KziAvb cv‡V iZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y Giv ÔKzi&ivÕ ev ÔKziAvbcvVKvix `jÕ e‡j mycwiwPZ wQ‡jb| G‡ì evwn¨K avwg©KZv I
mZZv wQj AZzjbxq| cvkvcvwk G‡ì wnsmªZv I mš¿vm wQj fq¼i| wbiciva A‡hv×vmn nvRvi nvRvi gymwj‡gi cÖvY bó
nq Zv‡ì wnsmªZv I mš¿v‡mi Kvi‡Y|
gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡b e‡j‡Qb:
‫إِ ِن اْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻛ ُم إِﻻﱠ ﻟِﻠّ ِﻪ‬
396
ÒûKzg, ev KZ©„Z¡ ïay AvjvniBÓ ev Òweavb ïay AvjvniBÓ|
G †_‡K Zviv eySv‡Zb †h, Avjvn Qvov Kv‡iv ûKzg gvbvB Kzdi| Avi cvc gv‡bB Avjvni Aeva¨Zvq kqZv‡bi
AvbyMZ¨ Kiv I Zvi ûKzg gvbv| Kv‡RB cvc A_©B Kzdix| gnvb Avjvn Av‡iv e‡jb:
ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫َو َﻤ ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺤ ُﻛ ْم ﺒِ َﻤﺎ أَْﻨ َز َل اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻓَﺄُوَﻟﺌ َك ُﻫ ُم اْﻟ َﻛﺎﻓ ُر‬
‫ون‬
ÒAvjvn hv bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Z`vbymv‡i hviv weavb †`q bv ZvivB Kvwdi|Ó 397
G †_‡K Zviv `vwe Ki‡Zb †h, Avjvni bvwhjK…Z †h †Kv‡bv ûKzgy ev weavb Agvb¨ KivB Kzdi| GQvov nv`x‡m
A‡bK mgq cvc‡K my¯úófv‡e Kzdix ejv n‡q‡Q| GK nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
ٌ ‫ﺎب اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴِﻠِم ﻓُ ُﺴ‬
‫وق َوِﻗﺘَﺎﻟُﻪُ ُﻛ ْﻔٌر‬ ِ
ُ ‫ﺴَﺒ‬
398
Ògymwjg‡K Mvwj †Ìqv cvc Ges Zvi mv‡_ hy× Kiv Kzdix|Ó
KziAvb-nv`x‡mi G mKj wb‡`©kbvi wfwË‡Z Zviv †h †Kv‡bv Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß nIqv‡K Kzdix e‡j MY¨ KiZ,
Giƒc e¨w³, miKvi I iv‡óªi wei“‡× A¯¿aviY, hy× I nZ¨v êa I Riæix e‡j `vwe KiZ|
e¯‘Z Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi e‡j `vwe Kiv gymwjg mgv‡Ri mKj msNvZ, nvbvnvwb I wdZbvi g~j Drm|
mvnvexMY I cieZ©x hyM¸‡jvi mKj Bgvg, dKxn I Avwjg G weåvwš— `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ me©vZ¥K †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Avwg
ÒBmjv‡gi bv‡g Rw½ev`Ó MÖ‡š’ I ÒKziAvb-mybœvni Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`vÓ MÖ‡š’ welqwU we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h, LvwiRx‡ì weåvwš—i KviY I ¯îƒc wbgœiƒc:
(1) KziAvb-nv`x‡mi GK wb‡`©kbv gvb¨ Kivi `vwe‡Z Ab¨ wb‡`©kbv A¯^xKvi, e¨vL¨v ev iwnZ-gvbm~L e‡j `vwe
Kiv| KziAv‡b GKw`‡K †hgb Avjvni weavb we‡ivax dqmvjv Kiv ev weavb Agvb¨‡K Kzdi ejv n‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K weavb
we‡ivax dqmvjv ev K‡g© wjß‡ì‡K gywgb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡m †hgb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvc‡K Kzdi ejv n‡q‡Q
†Zgwb AMwYZ nv`x‡m KwVbZg cv‡c wjß gywgb‡K Òcvcx gywgbÓ e‡j D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(2) KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v I Abyave‡bi †¶‡Î ÒmybœvZÓ ev ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi eënvwiK ixwZ I Kg©‡K ¸i“Z¡ bv
†Ìqv| Zuvi eënvwiK mybœvZ †_‡K Avgiv wbwðZiƒ‡c Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, wZwb KL‡bv Kexiv †Mvbv‡n wjß gywgb‡ì‡K Kvwdi
e‡j MY¨ K‡ib wb|
(3) KziAvb-nv`xm Abyave‡bi †¶‡Î wb‡R‡ì ÒeySÓ-‡K P~ovš— Ges mvnvexM‡Yi gZ I e¨vL¨v‡K ¸i“Z¡nxb fvev|
mvnvexMY KziAvb bvwhj cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb Ges Gi e¨vL¨vq ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi eënvwiK I cÖv‡qvwMK ixwZ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb|
Zuviv me©m¤§Zfv‡e HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h, cv‡ci Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K Kvwdi ejv êa bq| Zuviv evievi e‡j‡Qb †h,
KziAvb I nv`x‡m Kzdi ej‡Z KL‡bv Awek¦vm Ges KL‡bv AK…ZÁZv eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Avjvni weav‡bi cÖwZ wek¦vm I
Av¯’vmn Zv Agvb¨ Kiv Ges Avjvni weav‡bi cÖwZ AeÁv I A¯^xK…wZmn Zv Agvb¨ Kivi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
5. 2. 2. Inx ewnf~©Z welq‡K ÔCgvbÓ evbv‡bv
ZvKdxi ev gywgb‡K Kvwdi K_‡bi wØZxq w`K Cgv‡bi cwiwa evwo‡q gywgb‡K Kvwdi evbv‡bv| kxqv, gyZvwhjv I
Ab¨vb¨ weåvš— `j G bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| Cgv‡bi wfwË Inxi Ávb| KziAv‡b ev mycÖwm× mnxn nv`x‡m †h welq¸‡jv my¯úó I
Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi evB‡i A‡bK welq‡K G mKj weåvš— m¤cÖ`vq ÒCgv‡bi AskÓ evbvq Ges GmKj
welq A¯^xKvi ev Agvb¨ Kivi Kvi‡Y we‡ivax‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i|
†hgb kxqvMY `vwe K‡ib †h, (1) Avjx (iv)-‡K ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi ci gymwjg D¤§vni ivóªxq I ag©xq †bZ…‡Z¡ Zuvi
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GKgvÎ DËivwaKvix I IwmqZcÖvß e‡j wek¦vm Kiv, (2) mvnvexMY †h‡nZz ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Idv‡Zi c‡i Avjx
(iv)-†K wLjvdZ cÖ`vb K‡ib wb †m‡nZz Zuv‡ì‡K Awek¦vmx ev weåvš— e‡j wek¦vm Kiv, (3) mvnvexMY‡K we‡Øl Kiv I
Zuv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ Kivi †NvlYv †Ìqv, (4) Avjx I Zuvi es‡ki BgvgM‡Yi Bgvg‡Z, wb®úvc‡Z¡, MvBex Bj‡g I
A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvq wek¦vm Kiv... BZ¨vw` welq Cgv‡bi Ask| G¸‡jv A¯^xKvi Kiv Kzdi|
G mKj AvKx`vi †Kv‡bv wKQzB my®úófv‡e KziAv‡b D‡jL Kiv nq wb| Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, kxqM‡Yi wbKU KziAvb
ÒAvKx`vÓ ev wek¦v‡mi Drm bq| Zv‡ì wek¦vm †h, Zv‡ì fw³K…Z Bgvg, eyRyM© I †bZ…e„›` ÔBjg jv`ybœxÕ A_©vr Avjvn, Zuvi
ivm~j  ev Avjx-es‡ki CgvgM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K cÖvß we‡kl Áv‡bi AwaKvix| Kv‡RB Zv‡ì ÔZvdmxiÕ ev gZB wek¦v‡mi
wfwË| Gici wewfbœ dhxjZ welqK AvqvZ, nv`xm, HwZnvwmK NUbv, Rvj nv`xm, hyw³ZK© BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Zviv G¸‡jv
cÖgv‡Yi †Póv K‡ib| me©‡kl G¸‡jv A¯^xKvi Kiv‡K Kzdi e‡j MY¨ K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ mKj weåvš— wdiKvI G c×wZ AbymiY
K‡i|
5. 2. 3. ÒK_vi `vweÓ-i ARynv‡Z Kvwdi evbv‡bv
weåvš— wdiKv¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wfbœg‡Zi gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejvi wel‡q D`MÖxeZv| Zviv wfbœg‡Zi gywg‡bi Kg© ev
g‡Zi e¨vL¨v K‡i †m e¨vL¨vi ARynv‡Z Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡jb| Aviex‡Z G‡K ejv nq Ôjvwhgyj KvIjÕ (‫)ﻻزم اﻟﻘول‬, ev ÔgvAvjÕ (‫)ﻤﺂل‬
A_©vr K_vi `vwe ev cwiYwZ| A_©vr ÔKÕ K_vwUi Aek¨¤¢vex A_© ev cwiYwZ ÔLÕ| Avi ÔLÕ K_v ej‡j †m wbwðZ Kvwdi| Kv‡RB
ÔKÕ K_vwU †h e‡j‡Q †mI wbwðZ Kvwdi| †hgb gyZvwhjxMY `vwe KiZ, †h e¨w³ AvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©b cvIqv hv‡e e‡j wek¦vm
K‡i †m Kvwdi| KviY (1) Avjvn‡K gvLj~‡Ki mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv Kzdi, (2) Avjvn‡K AvwLiv‡Z †`Lv hv‡e ejvi A_©B Zuv‡K
gvLjy‡Ki mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv, (3) AZGe Giƒc wek¦vmKvix Kvwdi|
KziAvb Ges nv`x‡m AvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi wecix‡Z GKwU AvqvZ ev nv`x‡mI ejv nq wb
†h, AvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©b Am¤¢e ev Giƒc wek¦vm Kzdi| †h e¨w³ AvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©b jv‡fi wek¦vm †cvlY K‡ib
wZwb KziAvb I nv`x‡mi my¯úó wb‡`©kbvi Dci wbf©i K‡ib| Dciš‘ wZwb my¯úófv‡e †NvlYv †`b †h, Avjvn gvLjy‡Ki
mv‡_ Zzjbxq bb Ges Zuv‡K Zzjbxq g‡b Kiv Kzdix| wKš‘ G gyZvwhjxMY G †NvlYvi cÖwZ KY©cvZ Ki‡Zb bv| Zv‡ì GKB
K_v ÒAvwLiv‡Z Avjvni `k©b jv‡f wek¦vm Kivi A_©B Zuv‡K gvLjy‡Ki mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv| Kv‡RB Giƒc e¨w³ hw`
kZ‡KvwUeviI e‡j Avjvn gvLj~‡Ki mv‡_ Zzjbxq bb, Avwg Zzjbvwenxbfv‡e Zuvi `k©‡b wek¦vm Kwi- Zvn‡jI Zv‡K Kvwdi
e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó Giƒc `vwei wfwË‡ZB Ljxdv gvgyb, gyZvwmg I IqvwmK Bgvg Avng`-mn AMwYZ Avwjg‡K
wbg©gfv‡e wbh©vZb K‡ib Ges K‡qKRb‡K nZ¨v K‡ib|
kxqvMY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, Avjx (iv) I Zuvi es‡ki BgvgMY mvaviY gvbyl bb| eis Zuviv b~‡ii ˆZwi Ges MvBex-
A‡jŠwKK Bjg I ¶gZvi AwaKvix| †h‡nZz ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi bv‡g Giƒc `vwe bv K‡i ïay Bgvg‡ì bv‡g `vwe Ki‡j Zv
MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv, GRb¨ Zviv `vwe K‡ib †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-I b~‡ii ˆZwi Ges MvBex Bjg I ¶gZvi AwaKvix| hviv G
K_v gv‡bb bv Zviv Kvwdi| KviY: (1) ivm~jyjvn () I BgvgM‡Yi cwic~Y© gh©v`vq wek¦vm Kiv Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask,
(2) Zuv‡ì b~iZ¡ Ges A‡jŠwKK Bjg I ¶gZvq wek¦vm bv Ki‡j Zuv‡ì Aegh©v`v Kiv nq, (3) AZGe Zuv‡ì b~iZ¡, MvBex
Bjg I ¶gZvq Awek¦vmKvix Kvwdi Ges bex () I bex-es‡ki `ykgb|
Avgiv Rvwb †h, KziAvb I nv`x‡m evievi Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, ivm~jyjøvn () gvbyl wQ‡jb Ges gvbyl
gvwU †_‡K m„ó| KziAvb-nv`x‡m Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q †h, gnvb Avjvn Qvov †KD MvBe Rv‡b bv| evievi Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq ejv n‡q‡Q
†h, ivm~jyjvn () Avwjgyj MvBe wQ‡jb bv| Avjvni c¶ †_‡K cÖvß Inxi Ávb Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv MvBe wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv| wZwb
Zuvi wb‡Ri ev A‡bï †Kv‡bv Kj¨vY-AKj¨v‡Yi A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb bv| Ab¨ KvD‡K Avjvn †Kv‡bv ¶gZv cÖ`vb
K‡ib wb| G mKj my¯úó I Ø¨_©nxb e³‡eï wecix‡Z GKwU Avqv‡Z ev mnxn nv`x‡mI ejv nq wb †h, ivm~jyjvn () ev BgvgMY
†KD b~i Øviv m„ó, Zuviv †KD Avwjgyj MvBe wQ‡jb ev A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| hviv ivm~jyjvn () I BgvgM‡Yi b~iZ¡,
MvBex Bjg I ¶gZvi welq A¯^xKvi K‡ib Zuviv KziAvb I nv`x‡mi G mKj my¯úó wb‡`©kbvi Dci wbf©i K‡ib| cvkvcvwk Zuviv
e‡jb: Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi, Avjvn Zuvi ivm~j ()-‡K Inxi gva¨‡g AMwYZ MvB‡ei K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Zuvi I Zuvi eska‡ii wel‡q
KziAvb I nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ mKj gh©v`vq Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi Ges Zuv‡ì gh©v`v iÿvi Rb¨ Avgiv AKvZ‡i Rxeb w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z|
wKš‘ kxqvMY G mKj K_vq KY©cvZ K‡ib wb; eis wewfbœ hyw³, ZK© I ARynv‡Z wfbœg‡Zi gvbyl‡ì Kvwdi e‡j‡Qb, mybœx mgvR
I ivóª¸‡jv‡K ÒZvM~ZxÓ I Kvwdi ivóª e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| 399
K_vi `vwe ev cwiYwZ w`‡q G‡K Ab¨‡K Kvwdi ejv D¤§v‡Zi fq¼i e¨vwa| weåvšÍ m¤úª`vq¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk A‡bK
mgq fvj gvby‡liv G‡Z AvµvšÍ nb| eZ©gvb hy‡M G RvZxq ZvKdx‡ii `ywU bgybv †`Lyb:
(1) †h e¨w³ gxjv`-wKqvg K‡i bv.... ivm~jyjøvn - †K nvwhi-bvwhi e‡j wek¦vm K‡i bv, †m Zuvi gh©v`vq wek¦vm K‡i
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bv| Avi ivm~jyjøvn -Gi Agh©v`v me©m¤§Zfv‡e Kzdi| Kv‡RB †h gxjv`-wKqvg K‡i bv.... †m Kvwdi!
(2) †h e¨w³ gxjv` c‡o, wKqvg K‡i, †Kv‡bviƒc wjß nq, †Kv‡bv Rvj nv`xm e‡j †m e¨w³ ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi
byeyIqvZ I mybœv‡Zi c~Y©Zvq wek¦vm K‡i bv| Avi †h e¨w³ Zuvi byeyIqvZ I mybœv‡Zi c~Y©Zvq wek¦vm K‡i bv †m me©m¤§Zfv‡e
Kvwdi| Kv‡RB †h e¨w³ gxjv` c‡o, wKqvg K‡i... †m Kvwdi!
5. 3. Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejvi wb‡lavÁv
Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ej‡Z wb‡la K‡i gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ت ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤًﻨﺎ‬ ِ ِ ِ‫ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﱠﻼم ﻟَ ْﺴ‬ َ ‫َﻤُﻨوا ِإ َذا‬
َ ‫ﻀ َرْﺒﺘُْم ﻓﻲ َﺴﺒﯿل اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓَﺘََﺒﯿُﱠﻨوا َوﻻ ﺘَﻘُوﻟُوا ﻟ َﻤ ْن أَْﻟﻘَﻰ إﻟَ ْﯿ ُﻛ ُم اﻟﺴ‬ َ ‫ﯿن آ‬
َ ‫َﯿﺎ أَﯿﱡﻬَﺎ اﻟذ‬
Ò†n gywgbMY, hLb †Zvgiv Avjvni c‡_ hvÎv Ki‡e ZLb hvPvB Ki‡e Ges †h e¨w³ †Zvgv‡ì‡K mvjvg †`‡e Zv‡K
ej‡e bv †h, ÔZzwg gywgb bI|ÕÓ 400
wewfbœ mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z gyZvIqvwZi ch©v‡qi nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
(‫ت َﻋَﻠ ْﯿ ِﻪ‬
ْ ‫ﺎل َ ٕوِاﻻ َر َﺠ َﻌ‬ َ ‫َﺤ ُد ُﻫ َﻤﺎ )إِ ْن َﻛ‬
َ َ‫ﺎن َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻗ‬ َ ‫ﺎء ﺒِﻬَﺎ أ‬
َ ‫َﺨﺎﻩُ َﻓﻘَ ْد َﺒ‬ ‫إِ َذا َﻛﻔﱠ َر ﱠ‬
َ ‫اﻟرُﺠ ُل أ‬
Òhw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi fvB‡K Kvwdi e‡j, Z‡e G K_v `y R‡bi GKRb‡i Dci cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| hw` Zvi fvB mwZ¨B
Kvwdi bv nq Z‡e †h Zv‡K Kvwdi ejj Zvi Dc‡iB Kzdix cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|Ó 401
Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejv nZ¨vi gZB cvc| ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
‫َﻤ ْن َرَﻤﻰ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤًﻨﺎ ﺒِ ُﻛ ْﻔ ٍر ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻛﻘَ ْﺘِﻠ ِﻪ‬
Ò†Kv‡bv gywgb‡K Kzdix‡Z Awfhy³ Kiv Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi gZ Aciva|Ó402
5. 4. ZvKdxi wel‡q mvnvexM‡Yi Av`k©
G mKj wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K mvnvexMY Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejvi †¶‡Î m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb|
cÖwZc‡¶i wei“‡× hy× Ki‡jI Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi ejvi AbygwZ †`b wb| wmddx‡bi hy× PjvKv‡j Avjx (iv)-Gi c‡¶i GK e¨w³
gyÔAvweqv (iv)-Gi c‡¶i wei“‡× evovevwog~jK K_v ej‡j Avjx (iv) e‡jb, Giƒc e‡jv bv, Zviv g‡b K‡i‡Q Avgiv we‡`ªvnx Ges
Avgiv g‡b KiwQ †h, Zviv we‡`ªvnx| Avi Gi Kvi‡YB Avgiv hy× KiwQ| Av¤§vi Beb Bqvmvi e‡jb, wmwiqv-evwnbx‡K Kvwdi e‡jv
bv, eis Avgv‡ì `xb GK, wKejv GK, K_vI GK; Z‡e Zviv Avgv‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i‡Q, ZvB Avgiv jovB KiwQ|Ó 403
Avgiv B‡Zvc~‡e© e‡jwQ †h, LvwiRxMY Avjx, gyAvweqv I Zuv‡ì cÖwZ kª×vkxj mKj mvnvex () I mKj gymwjg‡K Kvwdi
e‡j MY¨ KiZ Ges Zuv‡ì wei“‡× hy×, nZ¨vhÁ I jyUZivR PvjvZ| mvnvexMY Zv‡ì‡K weåvš— ej‡Zb, Kvwdi ej‡Zb bv|
hwÌ wewfbœ nv`x‡m LvwiRx‡ì wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Zviv `xb †_‡K cy‡ivcywi †ewi‡q hv‡e, ZeyI mvnvexMY Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi
ej‡Zb bv| Zuviv G‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg wn‡m‡eB wg‡k‡Qb, K_vevZ©v e‡j‡Qb, Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb GgbwK G‡ì BgvgwZ‡Z mvjvZ
Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| hy‡×i gq`v‡b ev wePv‡ii KvVMovq Qvov KL‡bvB Zv‡ì‡K nZ¨v Kivi AbygwZ †`b wb| 404
Avjx (iv)-‡K cÖkœ Kiv nq: Giv wK Kvwdi? wZwb e‡jb, Giv †Zv Kzdix †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨B cvwj‡q †eov‡”Q| ejv
nq, Z‡e wK Zviv gybvwdK? wZwb e‡jb, gybvwdKiv †Zv Lye KgB Avjvni whK&i K‡i, Avi Giv †Zv ivZw`b Avjvni whK&‡i
wjß| ejv nq, Z‡e Giv Kx? wZwb e‡jb, Giv weåvwš— I wbR-gZ c~Rvi wdZbvi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡q AÜ I ewai n‡q
wM‡q‡Q| 405
5. 5. ZvKdxi wel‡q Avnjym mybœv‡Zi g~jbxwZ
KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv I mvnvexM‡Yi Kg©avivi Av‡jv‡K ÔAvnjym mybœvZÕ Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K Kvwdi ejvi †¶‡Î AZ¨š—
mZK©Zv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì gyjbxwZ n‡jv, gywgb wb‡Ri Cgv‡bi wel‡q mZK© _vK‡eb| mKj Kzdi, wkiK I cvc †_‡K
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ AvZ¥i¶v Ki‡eb| wKš‘ A‡bï Cgv‡bi `vwe MÖnY Kivi wel‡q evwn¨K `vwei Dci wbf©i Ki‡eb| †Kv‡bv Cgv‡bi
`vwe`vi‡KB Kvwdi bv ejvi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡eb| fyj K‡i †Kv‡bv gyÕwgb‡K Kvwdi e‡j g‡b Kivi †P‡q fyj
K‡i †Kv‡bv Kvwdi-gykwiK‡K gymwjg g‡b Kiv A‡bK A‡bK fvj I wbivc`| cÖ_g †¶‡Î KwVb cvc I wb‡Ri Cgvb bó nIqvi
fq i‡q‡Q| wØZxq †¶‡Î †Kv‡bviƒc cvc ev ¶wZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB|
G bxwZi wfwË‡Z Zuviv wek¦vm K‡ib, †h e¨w³ wb‡R‡K gymwjg e‡j `vwe Ki‡Qb, Zv‡K †Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y
ÔAgymwjgÕ, Kvwdi ev ag©Z¨vMx e‡j MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv, wZwb Zvi cvc †_‡K ZvIev Ki“b, A_ev bv Ki“b, hZ¶Y bv wZwb
my®úófv‡e Bmjvgx wek¦v‡mi cwicš’x †Kv‡bv wek¦vm †cvlY Kivi †NvlYv w`‡eb| Bmjvgx AvBb j•NbKvix ev Avjvni wb‡`©k
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Agvb¨Kvix gymwjg cvcx gymwjg e‡j MY¨ n‡eb| Z‡e hw` Zvi G cvc ev Aeva¨Zv‡K wZwb êa g‡b K‡ib,
Bmjvgx weavb‡K APj ev ÔAcvjb‡hvM¨Õ e‡j g‡b K‡ib A_ev Bmjv‡gi wKQz weavb cwiZ¨vM K‡iI fvj gymwjg nIqv hvq
e‡j g‡b K‡ib Z‡e Zv Kzd&i ev ag©Z¨vM e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Kv‡iv Kg© †`‡L Òg‡b KivÓ-i `vwe Kiv hv‡e bv| A_©vr Kv‡iv
Bmjvg we‡ivax Kg© †`‡L G K_v `vwe Kiv hv‡e bv †h, †m wbðq cvc‡K nvjvj g‡b K‡i ev Avjøvni weavb‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq
g‡b K‡iB Giƒc Ki‡Q| eis Zvi gy‡Li ¯^xK…wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e|
Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi †R‡b ï‡b Kzdix Ki‡eb bv e‡jB a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Kv‡iv K_v ev Kg© evn¨Z Kzdix n‡jI hw` Zvi
†Kv‡bviƒc Bmjvg m¤§Z e¨vL¨v †Ìqv hvq Z‡e `~ieZ©x n‡jI Bmjvgx e¨vL¨v MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K gywgb e‡j †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
m‡e©vcwi Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` my¯úó †Kv‡bv Kzdix ev wkiKx Kv‡R wjß nq, Z‡e Zvi Kg©‡K Kzdix ejv n‡jI
e¨w³MZfv‡e Zv‡K Kvwdi ejvi Av‡M G wel‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv Ihi Av‡Q wKbv Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| †m e¨w³ AÁZv, fq ev Ab¨
†Kv‡bv IR‡ii K_v D‡jL Ki‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡e|
gymwjg bvgavix e¨w³‡K ÒKvwdiÓ ejv g~jZ wbf©i K‡i Zvi ¯^xK…wZi Dci| hw` †m ZvInx`, wimvjvZ ev AviKvbyj
Cgv‡bi †gŠwjK †Kv‡bv welq‡K Ø¨_©nxb fvlvq A¯^xKvi K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GKwU D`vniY †`Lyb| Kzdixi cÖwZ mš‘wó Kzdi| †KD hw` Agymwjg, bvw¯—K ev Bmjvg AegvbbvKvixi wkiK-Kzdi
gZ ev K‡g©i cÖwZ mš‘ó _v‡K ev ZvivI AvwLiv‡Z gyw³ jvf Ki‡e e‡j wek¦vm K‡i Z‡e †m e¨w³ Kvwdi, hwÌ †m Bmjv‡gi
mKj wek¦vm I AvnKvg cvjb K‡i| †Kv‡bv gymwjg bvgavix e¨w³ hw` Giƒc gvbyl‡ì mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ K‡i, mvgvwRK ev
ivR‰bwZK wel‡q Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv K‡i Z‡e Zvi Giƒc Ab¨vq K‡g©i wØwea KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i: RvMwZK ¯^v_©, †jvf, fq ev
bv-ey‡S Giƒc Kiv A_ev Kzdi, wkiK ev bvw¯—KZvi cÖwZ mš‘wói Kvi‡Y Giƒc Kiv| gymwjg bvgavix e¨w³ cÖ_g Kvi‡YB Giƒc
Ki‡Qb e‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K Zvi K‡g©i fqvenZv eySv‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ gy‡Li my¯úó ¯^xK…wZ Qvov Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ Kiv
hv‡e bv| Bgvg Zvnvex e‡jb:
ِ ‫َﺨﺒر ﻤ‬ َ َ‫ َوﻟَﻪُ ﺒِ ُﻛ ﱢل َﻤﺎ ﻗ‬،‫ﯿن‬ ِ ‫ ﻤﺎ َداﻤوا ﺒِﻤﺎ ﺠ‬،‫َﻫ َل ِﻗْﺒﻠَﺘَِﻨﺎ ﻤﺴﻠِ ِﻤﯿن ﻤؤ ِﻤﻨِﯿن‬
َ ‫ﺼ ﱢدﻗ‬
‫ َوﻻ‬...‫ﯿن‬ َ ُ َ َ ْ ‫ﺎل َوأ‬ َ ‫ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَ ِرِﻓ‬ ‫ﺎء ﺒِﻪ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬
َ َ َ ُ َ َ ُْ َ ْ ُ ْ ‫َوُﻨ َﺴ ﱢﻤﻲ أ‬
ِ ‫ود ﻤﺎ أ َْد َﺨﻠَﻪ ِﻓ‬
.‫ﯿﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫اﻹﯿﻤ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ِﱠ‬ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫َﺤ ًدا ِﻤ ْن أ‬ َ ‫ُﻨ َﻛﻔﱢ ُر أ‬
ُ َ ‫ﺎن إﻻ ﺒ ُﺠ ُﺤ‬ َ ‫ َوﻻ َﯿ ْﺨ ُرُج اْﻟ َﻌْﺒ ُد ﻤ َن‬،ُ‫ َﻤﺎ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺴﺘَﺤﻠﻪ‬،‫َﻫل اْﻟﻘْﺒﻠَﺔ ﺒ َذْﻨب‬
ÒAvgv‡ì wKejvcš’x‡ì ZZ¶Y ch©š— Avgiv gyÔwgb gymwjg e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kie hZ¶Y Zviv bex () hv wKQz wb‡q
G‡m‡Qb Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡e Ges wZwb hv wKQz e‡j‡Qb me mZ¨ e‡j mvÿ¨ w`‡e| ... Avgv‡ì wKejvcš’x †Kv‡bv gywgb‡K
†Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Avgiv Kvwdi ewj bv, hZ¶Y bv †m G cvc nvjvj g‡b Ki‡e| .... †hme welq ev›`v‡K Cgv‡bi Aš—
f~©³ K‡i‡Q, Ggb †Kv‡bv welq A¯^xKvi bv Ki‡j, †m Cgv‡bi MwÐ n‡Z ‡ei nq bv|Ó 406
G cÖm‡½ †gvjv Avjx Kvix (ivn) D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, ÔAvnjy wKejvÕ ej‡Z Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK wek¦vm¸wj hviv †g‡b
wb‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K eySv‡bv nq| ZvInx`, wimvjvZ, AviKvbyj Cgvb I Avbylw½K mKj welq hv KziAvb Kvix‡g my¯úó ejv
n‡q‡Q, gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, gymwjg D¤§vni mKj Avwjg †h wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb ev †h welqwU
gymwjg D¤§vi g‡a¨ mycÖwm× Giƒc †Kv‡bv welq hw` †KD A¯^xKvi K‡ib ev Awek¦vm K‡ib Z‡e Zv‡K ÔAvnjy wKejvÕ ejv nq
bv| †hgb ZvInx`yi i“e~weq¨vZ A¯^xKvi Kiv, ZvInx`yj Dj~wnq¨vZ A¯^xKvi Kiv, gynv¤§v` -Gi wimvjv‡Zi me©RbxbZv ev
LvZgyb byeyIqvZ A¯^xKvi Kiv, KvD‡K †Kv‡bv ch©v‡q Zuvi kixq‡Zi E‡aŸ© e‡j wek¦vm Kiv, AvwLivZ A¯^xKvi Kiv BZ¨vw`|
Giƒc Awek¦v‡m wjß e¨w³ hw` AvRxeb wKejvgywL n‡q mvjvZ c‡ob ev Bmjv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ weavb cvjb K‡ib ZeyI Zv‡K
ÔAvnjy wKejvÕ ejv n‡e bv| KviY wZwb CgvbB AR©b K‡ib wb, Kv‡RB Zvi Bmjvg ev wKejvgywL nIqv A_©nxb|
wZwb D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kv‡bv gywgb gymwjg hw` Ggb †Kv‡bv K‡g© wjß nq ev K_v e‡j hv KziAvb-mybœvn wb‡`©k
Abymv‡i Kzd&i ev wkiK e‡j MY¨ Z‡e Zvi Kg©‡K Aek¨B wki&K ev Kzdi ejv n‡e, Z‡e D³ e¨w³‡K mywbw`©ófv‡e Kvwdi ev
gykwiK ejvi Av‡M †`L‡Z n‡e †h, AÁZv, e¨vL¨v, fyj eySv ev GRvZxq †Kv‡bv Ihi Zvi Av‡Q wKbv| 407
û¾vZzj Bmjvg Bgvg Ave~ nvwg` Mvhvjx (505wn) ÒwKZveyZ ZvdwiKv evBbvj Cgvb Iqvh hvb`vKvÓ (Cgvb I
†eCgvbxi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨) MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
َ ‫ﺎن ِإﻟَﻰ َذِﻟ‬
‫ك‬ ِ ‫ﻤﺎ و َﺠ َد‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَﯿْﻨﺒ ِﻐﻲ‬،ُ‫ وﻻَ ﯿﺴ ِﺎرعُ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻛ ِﻔﯿ ِر إِﻻﱠ اْﻟﺠﻬﻠَﺔ‬،‫ﺎل‬
‫اﻻ ْﺤﺘِ َرُاز ِﻤ َن اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻛ ِﻔ ْﯿ ِر‬ ِ ِ ‫إِ ﱠن اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻛ ِﻔ ْﯿر ﻫو‬
ُ ‫اﻹْﻨ َﺴ‬ َ َ ْ ََ ََ ْ َ ُ َ ‫ﺼﻨ ْﯿﻊُ اْﻟ ُﺠﻬﱠ‬َ َُ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ اْﻟﻤ‬،‫ال ِﻤ َن اْﻟﻤﺼﻠﱢ ْﯿ َن ِإﻟَﻰ اْﻟ ِﻘْﺒﻠَ ِﺔ‬ ِ
ِ ‫ﺎء واﻷَﻤو‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن‬،ً‫ﺴﺒِْﯿﻼ‬
.ٌ‫طﺄ‬
َ ‫ َﺨ‬،"‫ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌد َر ُﺴ ْو ُل اﷲ‬
ُ‫ "ﻻَ إﻟَﻪَ إﻻّ اﷲ‬:‫ﺼﱢرﺤ ْﯿ َن ﺒﻘَ ْول‬ َ ُ َ ُ َ ْ َ ‫ﺎﺤﺔَ اﻟ ﱢد َﻤ‬
َ ‫اﺴﺘَﺒ‬
ْ َ
ِ ِ ِ ٍِ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ط َر‬
َ ‫ﻻ َﺨ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟ ﱡﺴ ُﻛ ْو‬،‫ ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻛﻔْﯿ َر ﻓ ْﯿﻪ َﺨطٌَر‬... .‫َواْﻟ َﺨطَﺄُ ﻓ ْﻲ ﺘَْرك أَْﻟف َﻛﺎﻓ ٍر أَ ْﻫ َو ُن ﻤ َن اْﻟ َﺨطَﺄ ﻓ ْﻲ َﺴ ْﻔك َﻤ ْﺤ َﺠ َﻤﺔ ﻤ ْن َدم ُﻤ ْﺴﻠم‬
َ ‫ت‬
."!‫ِﻓْﯿ ِﻪ‬
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Contents
ÒZvKdxi ev Kvwdi ejv gyL©‡ì Kg©| gyL©iv Qvov †KD KvD‡K Kvwdi ej‡Z e¨¯— nq bv| gvby‡li DwPZ mva¨gZ
KvD‡K Kvwdi ejv †_‡K weiZ _vKv| wKejvcš’xMY hviv Òjv Bjvnv Bjvjvû gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjvnÓ e‡j mv¶¨ †`b Zv‡ì
i³ I m¤ú` bó Kiv KwVb Aciva (Kvwdi ejv †_‡KB Gi m~ÎcvZ)| fyjµ‡g GK nvRvi Kwdi‡K cwiZ¨vM Kiv fyj K‡i
GKRb gymwj‡gi cÖvY ev m¤ú‡ì mvgvb¨Zg ¶wZ Kiv †_‡K mnRZi| .... Kvwdi ejvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q fq¼i SzuwK, Avi
bxie _vKvq †Kv‡bvB SzuwK †bB|Ó 408
5. 6. Kzdix Kg© ebvg Kvwdi e¨w³
†gvjøv Avjx Kvixi e³e¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvbjvg †h, Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi e¨w³ Kzdix K‡g© wjß n‡j Zvi Kg©‡K Kzd&i ej‡Z
n‡e, Zv‡K Kzdix ch©v‡qi cv‡c wjß ej‡Z n‡e, Z‡e Zv‡K Kvwdi ejvi Av‡M Zvi †Kv‡bv IRi Av‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
wKQz Rvb‡Z bv cvi‡j IRi Av‡Q e‡jB a‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G Øviv Zvi Kzdix Kg©‡K Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq bv, eis fzjµ‡g gywgb‡K
Kvwdi ejvi gnvcvc †_‡K AvZ¥iÿv Kiv nq| gywgb mKj cÖKvi Kzdi-wkiK‡K N„Yv I wb›`v Kivi cvkvcvwk gywgb‡K Kvwdi
ejvi wel‡q mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡eb| G welqK wewfbœ e³e¨ Avwg ÒKziAvb-mybœvni Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`vÓ Ges ÒBmjv‡gi
bv‡g Rw½ev`Ó eB‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLv‡b ms‡ÿ‡c wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv jÿYxq:
(1) Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, KziAvb Kvix‡g gnvb Avjøvni weavb Abymv‡i dqmvjv bv Kiv‡K Kzdi ejv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk
Avjøvni weavb we‡ivwaZvq wjß e¨w³‡ì‡K gywgb ejv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm kix‡d wewfbœ Kg©‡K Kzdi ejv n‡jI Giƒc K‡g© wjß
Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡ì gymwjg e‡jB MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(2) ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb: ÒGKe¨w³ Rxebfi mxgvj•Nb I cv‡c wjß _v‡K| hLb Zvi g„Zzï mgq Dcw¯’Z nq ZLb †m
Zvi cyÎ‡ì‡K IwmqZ K‡i e‡j: Avgvi g„Zz¨ n‡j †Zvgiv Avgv‡K Av¸‡b cyov‡e| Gici Avgv‡K wePyY© Ki‡e| Gici S‡oi
g‡a¨ Avgv‡K (Avgvi †`‡ni wePzwY©Z QvB) mg~‡`ªi g‡a¨ Qvwo‡q †`‡e| KviY, Avjvni Kmg, hw` Avgvi cÖwZcvjK Avgv‡K ai‡Z
m¶g nb Z‡e Avgv‡K Ggb kvw¯— w`‡eb †h kvw¯— wZwb Ab¨ KvD‡K †`b wb| Zvi mš—vbMY Zvi IwmqZ Abymv‡i Kg© K‡i| ZLb
Avjvn hwgb‡K wb‡`©k †`b †h hv MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zv †diZ w`‡Z| Zr¶Yvr †jvKwU cybR©xweZ n‡q Zvi mvg‡b `Êvqgvb n‡q hvq|
ZLb wZwb †jvKwU‡K e‡jb: Zzwg Giƒc Ki‡j †Kb? †jvKwU e‡j: †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK: Avcbvi f‡q| ZLb wZwb Zv‡K GRb¨
¶gv K‡i †`b|Ó409
Avgiv †`wL †h, G e¨w³ GKwU Kzdix wek¦vm †cvlY K‡i‡Q| †m aviYv K‡i‡Q †h, Zvi †`n Gfv‡e cywo‡q QvB K‡i mg~‡`ª
Qwo‡q w`‡j Avjvn Zv‡K Avi cybi“¾xweZ Ki‡Z Ges kvw¯— w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Z‡e Zvi G aviYv wQj AÁZv cÖm~Z| GRb¨ Zvi
g‡a¨ we`¨gvb wb‡f©Rvj Avjvn-fxwZi Kvi‡Y Avjvn Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i †`b| Gfv‡e Avgiv †`wL †h, GKwU wek¦vm mywbwðZ Kzdix
n‡jI D³ wek¦v‡m wjß e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejvi †¶‡Î mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e|
(3) g°v weR‡qi c~‡e© nvwZe Beb Avex evjZvÔAv (iv) hy‡×i †Mvcb welq duvm K‡i g°vi Kvwdi‡ì wbKU GKwU
cÎ wj‡Lb| cÎwU D×vi Kivi ci ivm~jyjvn () nvwZe (iv)-‡K Gi KviY wRÁvmv Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb †h, gybvwdKx ev
Kzdixi Kvi‡Y wZwb Giƒc K‡ib wb, eis wb‡Ri cwievi‡K i¶v Ki‡Z Giƒc K‡i‡Qb| nvwZ‡ei Kg© evn¨Z Avjvn I Zuvi
ivm~‡ji () mv‡_ wLqvbZ I Kzdi wQj| GRb¨ Dgvi (iv) e‡jb, †n Avjvni ivm~j, Avcwb AbygwZ w`b, Avwg G
gybvwdK‡K nZ¨v Kwi| wKš‘ ivm~jyjvn () G wel‡q nvwZ‡ei e³e¨‡KB P~ovš— e‡j MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 410
A_©vr evwn¨Kfv‡e GKwU Kg© mywbwðZ Kzdi n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Giƒc K‡g© wjß gywgb hw` Gi †Kv‡bv Ihi ev e¨vL¨v
†`b Z‡e Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
(4) GKw`b ivm~jyjøvn () MbxgZ ev hy×jä m¤ú` eÈb KiwQ‡jb| GgZve¯’vq hyj LyIqvBwmiv bvgK GK e¨w³
ùvwo‡q e‡j:
(‫ت‬ ‫ اﺘﱠ ِ ﱠ‬،‫ﯿﺎ ﻤﺤ ﱠﻤ ُد‬
َ ‫)ﻤﺎ َﻋ َدْﻟ‬
َ َ‫ق اﻟﻠﻪ‬ َُ َ
Ò†n gynv¤§v`, Avjvn‡K fq Ki“b, Avcwb †Zv †e-Bbmvwd Ki‡jb!Ó
ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi ZvKIqv ev Bbmv‡di wel‡q m‡›`n †cvlY Kiv mywbwðZ Kzdi| GRb¨ gvRwj‡m Dcw¯’Z Lvwj`
Beb Iqvjx` (iv) †jvKwU‡K g„Zz¨`Ð cÖ`v‡bi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| wKš‘ ivm~jyjøvn  e‡jb: Òbv| nqZev †jvKwU mvjvZ
Av`vq K‡i|Ó Lvwj` (iv) e‡jb: ÒKZ gymjxB †Zv Av‡Q †h gy‡L hv e‡j Zvi Aš—‡i Zv †bB|Ó ZLb ivmyjyjvn () e‡jb,
ÒAvgv‡K wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq wb †h, Avwg gvby‡li Aš—i Luy‡R †`Le ev Zv‡ì †cU †d‡o †`Le|Ó411
G †_‡K Avgiv †`LwQ †h, †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` wb‡R‡K gymwjg `vwe K‡i Ges Bmjv‡gi e¨vwn¨K wKQz Kg© K‡i Z‡e
Zv‡K gymwjg e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †jvKwU Kzdix K_v ej‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv Ihi Av‡Q e‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
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(5) AÁZvi Ihi m¤ú‡K© ûhvBdv (iv) ewY©Z GKwU nv`xm cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﯿﺴ ِري اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺎن( َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ْ ‫ﺼ َدﻗَﺔٌ َوﻟَُﯿ ْﺴ َرى ) َو‬ َ ‫ك َوﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ﺼﻼةٌ َوﻻ ُﻨ ُﺴ‬ َ ‫ﺎم َوﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ﻼم َﻛ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْد ُر ُس َو ْﺸ ُﻲ اﻟﺜ ْوب َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﻻ ُﯿ ْد َرى َﻤﺎ ﺼَﯿ‬ ِ
ُ ‫َﯿ ْد ُر ُس اﻹ ْﺴ‬
‫ﺎءَﻨﺎ‬َ ‫ون أ َْد َرْﻛَﻨﺎ َآﺒ‬
َ ُ‫وز َﯿﻘُوﻟ‬ُ ‫ﯿر َواْﻟ َﻌ ُﺠ‬ ‫ف ِﻤ ْن اﻟﱠﻨ ِ ﱠ‬
ُ ِ‫ﺎس اﻟﺸ ْﯿ ُﺦ اْﻟ َﻛﺒ‬ ُ ِ‫ط َواﺌ‬
َ ‫ض ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ َآﯿﺔٌ َوﺘَْﺒﻘَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺎب اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻋ ﱠز و َﺠ ﱠل ِﻓﻲ ﻟَْﯿﻠَ ٍﺔ ﻓَﻼ َﯿ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ ِﻓﻲ اﻷ َْر‬ ِ َ‫ِﻛﺘ‬
َ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ َ ‫ َﻓ َﻘ‬.‫َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫِذ ِﻩ اْﻟ َﻛِﻠ َﻤ ِﺔ ﻻ ِإﻟَ َﻪ ِإﻻ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﻓَﻨ ْﺤ ُن َﻨﻘُوﻟُﻬَﺎ‬
‫ﺎم َوﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ﺼﻼةٌ َوﻻ ﺼَﯿ‬ َ ‫ون َﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺎل ﻟَﻪُ ﺼﻠَﺔُ َﻤﺎ ﺘُ ْﻐﻨﻲ َﻋ ْﻨﻬُ ْم ﻻ ِإﻟَ َﻪ ِإﻻ اﻟﻠﻪُ َو ُﻫ ْم ﻻ َﯿ ْد ُر‬
ِ ‫ﺎل َﯿﺎ‬
‫ﺼَﻠﺔُ ﺘُْﻨ ِﺠﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ َ ‫ض َﻋ ْﻨﻪُ ُﺤ َذ ْﯿ َﻔﺔُ ﺜُﱠم أَ ْﻗَﺒ َل َﻋَﻠ ْﯿ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﱠ ِﺎﻟﺜَ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻘ‬ َ ‫ض َﻋ ْﻨﻪُ ُﺤ َذ ْﯿ َﻔﺔُ ﺜُﱠم َرﱠد َﻫﺎ َﻋَﻠ ْﯿ ِﻪ ﺜَﻼﺜًﺎ ُﻛ ﱠل َذِﻟ‬
ُ ‫ك ُﯿ ْﻌ ِر‬ َ ‫َﻋ َر‬
ْ ‫ﺼ َد َﻗﺔٌ َﻓﺄ‬
َ ‫ك َوﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ُﻨ ُﺴ‬
‫ِﻤ ْن اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر ﺜَﻼﺜًﺎ‬
ÒKvc‡oi bKwk †hgb gwjb n‡q gy‡Q hvq †Zgwb gwjb I wejxb n‡q hv‡e Bmjvg| GgbwK gvbyl Rvb‡e bv †h,
mvjvZ Kx? wmqvg Kx? n¾ Kx, hvKvZ Kx? GK iv‡Z KziAvb AcmvwiZ n‡e (we¯§„wZ KziAvb‡K Ave„Z Ki‡e) d‡j
c„w_ex‡Z KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvqvZ Aewkó _vK‡e bv| A‡bK eq¯‹ bvix-cyi“l i‡q hv‡e hviv ej‡e, Avgvi Avgv‡ì wcZv-
wcZvg‡ì‡K Òjv Bjvnv BjvjvûÓ KvwjgvwU ej‡Z ïbZvg Kv‡RB Avgiv Zv ewj|Ó ZLb wmjvn bvgK GK †kªvZv e‡jb,
ÒZviv mvjvZ, wmqvg, n¾, hvKvZ wKQzB Rv‡b bv, Kv‡RB Zv‡ì Rb¨ Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvûÕ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvM‡e bv|Ó ZLb
ûhvBdv gyL wdwi‡q †bb| wmjvn wZbevi K_vwU e‡jb Ges wZb eviB ûhvBdv gyL wdwi‡q †bb| Z…Zxq ev‡i wZwb e‡jb: Ò†n
wmjvn, G KvwjgvwU Zv‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvg †_‡K i¶v Ki‡e|Ó wZwb wZbevi GK_vwU ej‡jb|Ó 412
(6) 17 Rb mvnvex †_‡K cÖvq 50wU c„_K m~‡Îi nv`x‡m LvwiRxM‡Yi wel‡q fwel¨ØvYx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G mKj
nv`x‡m ivm~jyjøvn  evievi e‡j‡Qb †h, Zviv Bmjvg †_‡K m¤ú~Y© †ei n‡q hv‡e| mvnvexMY G mKj nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
Ges mevB‡K mZK© K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ KL‡bvB Zuviv LvwiRx‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ K‡ib wb| Zuviv mvnvexMY‡K Kvwdi e‡j‡Q,
Zuv‡ì weiæ‡× hy× K‡i‡Q Ges Zuv‡ì wbi¯¿ cwiRb‡ì‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ mvnvexMY Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡jb wb| hy‡×i
gq`vb Qvov Zv‡ì nZ¨vi AbygwZ †`b wb| Zv‡ì wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb Ges êevwnK m¤úK© envj †i‡L‡Qb| 413
(7) Pvi Bgvg I cÖ_g hyM¸‡jvi Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg LvwiRx, kxqv, gyZvwhjx, gyRvmwmgv, gykvweŸnv, Kv`vwiqv I Ab¨vb¨
weåvšÍ m¤úª`v‡qi A‡bK Kg©‡K ÒKzdiÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e G mKj wdiKvi Abymvix‡ì Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ K‡ib
wb| Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^vj evievi e‡j‡Qb †h, KziAvb‡K gvLj~K ev m„ó e‡j wek¦vm Kiv Kzdi| cvkvcvwk wZwb G
Kzdix g‡Zi cÖavb Abymvix, cÖPviK I c„ô‡cvlK Ljxdv gvgyb, gyZvwmg I IqvwmK‡K gywgb e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, Kzdix
AvKx`v I cvc Qvov Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Zuv‡ì AvbyM‡Zï Rb¨ RbMY‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡ì I Zuv‡ì Abymvix Bgvg‡ì
wcQ‡b RygyAv I C‡ì mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ BgvgI GKB c_ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| weåvšÍ
wdiKv¸‡jvi A‡bK wek¦vm I Kg© Kzdi e‡j MY¨ n‡jI G mKj wdiKvi Abymvix e¨w³ gymwjg‡K Zviv Kvwdi e‡j MY¨
K‡ib wb|
kvBLyj Bmjvg ZvwKDÏxb Beb ZvBwgqv e‡jb:
‫ ﺒِِﻘﺘَﺎﻟِ ِﻬ ْم‬ ‫ﯿن أ ََﻤَر اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬ ِ‫ واْﻟ َﺨو ِارج اْﻟﻤ ِﺎرﻗُ ﱠ‬... ‫ع ِﻓﯿﻬﺎ‬
َ ‫ون اﻟذ‬ َ َ ُ َ َ
ِ‫ِ ِ ﱠ‬
َ َ ‫طﺄَ ﻓﯿﻪ َﻛﺎْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺌل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘََﻨ َﺎز‬
ِ ِ َ ‫َﺨ‬ ْ ‫طِﺄ أ‬ َ ‫وز ﺘَ ْﻛِﻔ ُﯿر اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِِم ﺒِ َذْﻨ ِب َﻓ َﻌﻠَﻪُ َوَﻻ ﺒِ َﺨ‬
ُ ‫َوﻻ َﯿ ُﺠ‬
‫ َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ َﻛﻔﱢْرُﻫ ْم َﻋﻠِ ﱡﻲ َو َﺴ ْﻌ ُد‬.‫ﯿن َوَﻤ ْن َﺒ ْﻌ َد ُﻫ ْم‬ ِ ِ ‫ﯿن ِﻤ ْن اﻟﺼ‬
َ ‫ﱠﺤ َﺎﺒﺔ َواﻟﺘﱠﺎﺒِﻌ‬
َ ِ ‫ق َﻋﻠَﻰ ِﻗﺘَ ِﺎﻟ ِﻬ ْم أَﺌِ ﱠﻤﺔُ اﻟ ﱢد‬ َ َ‫ َواﺘﱠﻔ‬.‫ﯿن‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺎء ﱠ‬
َ ‫اﻟراﺸد‬
ِ َ‫ أَﺤ ُد اْﻟ ُﺨﻠَﻔ‬..‫ﻗَﺎﺘََﻠﻬم أ َِﻤﯿر اْﻟﻤؤِﻤﻨِﯿن ﻋﻠِ ﱡﻲ‬
َ َ َ ْ ُ ُ ُْ
‫ﺎع ﻟَ ْم ُﯿ َﻛﻔﱠُروا َﻤ َﻊ أ َْﻤ ِر اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ِ ‫اﻹ ْﺠ َﻤ‬ ِْ ‫ص و‬ ِ
َ ‫ﻀ َﻼﻟُﻬُ ْم ﺒﺎﻟﱠﻨ ﱢ‬ َ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ﯿن ﺜََﺒ‬ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺎن َﻫ ُؤَﻻء اﻟذ‬ َ ‫ َ ٕوِا َذا َﻛ‬... ‫ﯿن‬
ِِ
َ ‫وﻫ ْم ُﻤ ْﺴﻠﻤ‬ُ ُ‫ﱠﺤ َﺎﺒ ِﺔ َﺒ ْل َﺠ َﻌﻠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺎص َو َﻏْﯿُرُﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻤ ْن اﻟﺼ‬ ٍ ‫ْﺒ ُن أَﺒِﻲ وﻗﱠ‬
َ
‫َن اﻟﻠﱠﻪَ أ ََﻤَر‬ ‫ َﻫ َذا َﻤ َﻊ أ ﱠ‬.. ‫َﻋﻠَ ُم ِﻤْﻨﻬُ ْم ؟‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﯿﻬ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ط‬ ِ
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ل‬ ِ
‫ﺎﺌ‬‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ق‬‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ﻬ‬ِ ‫ﯿ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﯿن‬ ِ
‫ذ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯿن‬ ِ
‫ﻔ‬ ِ
‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ِ ِ
‫اﺌ‬‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟط‬ ِ
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ف‬ َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ‫َوَر ُﺴوﻟِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﯿ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫م‬ ِ
‫ﻬ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻘ‬ِ ِ
‫ﺒ‬
ْ َُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ ْ َْ َ َ ََ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُْ َ
ِ ِ‫اﻻﺨﺘ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﻋ ِﺔ واﻻﺌﺘﻼف َوَﻨﻬَﻰ َﻋ ْن اْﻟﺒِ ْد َﻋ ِﺔ َو‬
... ‫ﻼف‬ َ ‫ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬
Ò†Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y ev AvKx`vMZ gZ‡f`xq †Kv‡bv wel‡q weåvwšÍ‡Z wbcwZZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K Kvwdi
ejv êa bq| .... we‡`ªvnx LvwiRx‡ì weiæ‡× ivm~jyjøvn  hy× Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Ljxdv‡q iv‡k` Avjx (iv) Zv‡ì weiæ‡×
hy× K‡ib| Zv‡ì weiæ‡× hy× Kivi wel‡q mvnvex, Zvweqx I cieZ©x hy‡Mi BgvgMY mK‡jB HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡ib| GZ`m‡Ë¡I
Avjx (iv), mv` Beb Avex Iqv°vm (iv) I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex †KD Zv‡ì‡K Kwdi e‡jb wb, eis Zv‡ì‡K gymwjg wn‡m‡e MY¨
K‡i‡Qb|.... nv`x‡mi my¯úó e³e¨ I BRgvi gva¨‡g hv‡ì weåvwšÍ cÖgvwYZ Zv‡ì wel‡qB Giƒc weavb| Ab¨vb¨ weåvšÍ `j-
Dc`‡ji weåvwšÍ Av‡iv A‡bK A¯úó| †h mKj wel‡q Zviv mZ¨ †_‡K wePy¨Z n‡q‡Q †m mKj wel‡q A‡bK mgq Zv‡ì †P‡q
AwaK AwfÁ Avwj‡giI c`öjb n‡q‡Q| .... Dciš‘ gnvb Avjøvn RvgvAvZ ev H‡Kï I m¤úªxwZi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb Ges
weÀvZ I gZ‡f` wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|Ó 414
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Avjøvni we‡klY A¯^xKvi Kiv Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg Kzdi e‡j‡Qb| G¸‡jv g~jZ K‡g©i
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Contents
weavb| wKš‘ A‡b‡K G wel‡q cÖvwšÍKZvq wbcwZZ n‡q‡Qb| nv¤^vjx-mvjvdx I AvkAvix-gvZzwi`xMY G cÖm‡½ G‡K Aci‡K Kvwdi
e‡j‡Qb| G¸‡jv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î ÔK_vi `vweÕ Øviv Kvwdi ejv| †KD e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjøvni nvZ, gyLgÐj, Pÿz, Avi‡ki Dc‡i
_vKv, AeZiY BZ¨vw` †h e¨w³ wek¦vm K‡i †m Kvwdi| KviY †m gnvb Avjøvn‡K †`navix e‡j wek¦vm K‡i|Ó Giv ÔZzjbvhy³Õ I
ÔZzjbvgy³Õ wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Qb bv| †KD ej‡Qb: Ò†h e¨w³ gnvb Avjøvni nvZ A_© ÿgZv, Avi‡k Awaôvb A_© ÿgZv
MÖnY... e‡j ev Zuvi EaŸ©Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i †m Rvngx-Kvwdi; KviY †m KziAvb ev nv`xm A¯^xKvi K‡i|Ó Zviv BRwZnv`x e¨vL¨v I
†R`c~e©K A¯^xKv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Qb bv|
†h e¨w³ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †Kv‡bv e³e¨ ev we‡klY BRwZnv`x Kvi‡Y e¨vL¨v Kiv Riæix g‡b K‡ib Zvi cÖm‡½ Beb ZvBwgqv
e‡jb: Zvi BRwZnv` fzj n‡jI wZwb Kvwdi bb| g„Z‡`n †cvov‡bvi IwmqZKvix Avjøvni ÔKzìZÕ we‡klY Awek¦vm K‡iwQj|
GiciI Avjøvn Zv‡K ÿgv K‡ib| G welq D‡jøL K‡i wZwb e‡jb:
. ‫ول أ َْوﻟَﻰ ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐِﻔَ ِرة ِﻤ ْن ِﻤﺜْ ِل َﻫ َذا‬
ِ ‫اﻟرﺴ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫واْﻟﻤﺘَﺄﱢَو ُل ِﻤ ْن أ‬
ُ ‫َﻫل اﻻ ْﺠﺘﻬَﺎد اْﻟ َﺤ ِر‬
ُ ‫ﯿص َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻤﺘَ َﺎﺒ َﻌﺔ ﱠ‬ ُ َ
Ò†h e¨w³ ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi Abymi‡Y m‡Pó, Z‡e BRwZnv‡ì Kvi‡Y Giƒc Zvexj-e¨vL¨v K‡ib wZwb G e¨w³i
†P‡q ÿgv jv‡fi AwaK †hvM¨|Ó 415
Beb ZvBwgqv Av‡iv e‡jb:
‫ت َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺔُ اﻟرﺴﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ِ
َ َ‫إ َذا ُﻋﻠ َم أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗَ ْد ﻗ‬
ْ ‫ﺎﻤ‬ ‫ ﱠإﻻ‬،‫ﺼَﯿ ٍﺔ‬ ِ ‫ق وﻤﻌ‬ ِ ٍ ‫ﱠن إﻟَﻰ ﺘَ ْﻛِﻔ‬
ْ َ َ ٍ ‫ﯿر َوﺘَ ْﻔﺴﯿ‬ ٌ ‫ب ُﻤ َﻌﯿ‬َ ‫َن ُﯿ ْﻨ َﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﺎس َﻨ ْﻬًﯿﺎ َﻋ ْن أ‬ ْ ‫أَﱢﻨﻲ ِﻤ ْن أ‬
ِ ‫َﻋظَِم اﻟﱠﻨ‬
‫ك َﯿ ُﻌ ﱡم ا ْﻟ َﺨطَﺄَ ِﻓﻲ‬
َ ِ‫ َوَذﻟ‬: ‫َﻫﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻟِﻬَِذ ِﻩ ْاﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ َﺨطَﺄ‬ ‫َن اﻟﻠﱠﻪَ ﻗَ ْد َﻏﻔََر‬
‫ُﺨ َرى َ ٕوِاﱢﻨﻲ أُﻗَﱢرُر أ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﺎﺼًﯿﺎ أ‬ِ ‫ُﺨرى وﻋ‬ ِ ِ
َ َ َ ْ ‫ﺎن َﻛﺎﻓ ًار ﺘَ َﺎرةً َوﻓَﺎﺴﻘًﺎ أ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ َﻤ ْن َﺨﺎﻟَﻔَﻬَﺎ َﻛ‬
ِ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﱠﺔ وا ْﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌِ ِل ا ْﻟﻌﻤﻠِﯿ‬
ِ ِ ِِ
.‫ﱠﺔ‬ ََ َ َ َ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺌل ا ْﻟ َﺨَﺒ ِرﱠﯿﺔ ا ْﻟﻘَ ْوﻟِﯿ‬
Ò†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejv, dvwmK ejv ev cvcx ejv Avwg K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la Kwi| †KejgvÎ hw` Kv‡iv wel‡q
KziAvb-mybœvni Av‡jv‡K mywbwðZfv‡e Kzdi, wdmK ev cvcvPvi cÖgvwYZ nq Z‡eB Zv ejv hv‡e| Avwg wbwðZ †h, gnvb Avjøvn G
D¤§v‡Zi fzj-åvwšÍ ÿgv K‡i‡Qb| Avi wdKnx gvmAvjvi fzj Ges AvKx`v welqK fzj Dfq cÖKv‡ii fzjB G ÿgvi
AšÍf©y³|Ó416
Avjvgv AvjvDÏxb nvmKvdx (1088 wn) e‡jb:
ٍ ‫ﺼﻔَﺎﺘِ ِﻪ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ و َﺠو َاز رْؤَﯿﺘِ ِﻪ ﻟِ َﻛوﻨِ ِﻪ َﻋ ْن ﺘَﺄ ِْو‬
‫ﯿل‬ ِ ‫ وﯿْﻨ ِﻛرون‬،‫ول‬
َ ُ ُ َ ِ ‫ب ا ﱠﻟر ُﺴ‬ ‫ﺎءَﻨﺎ َوأ َْﻤ َواَﻟَﻨﺎ َو َﺴ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﻻ ﯿﻛﻔر ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﱠﻰ اْﻟ َﺨو ِارج اﻟﱠِذﯿن ﯿﺴﺘَ ِﺤﻠﱡ‬
ْ ُ َ َ َ َ ‫ون د َﻤ‬ َ َْ َ ُ َ َ
‫ورةً َﻛﻔََر ﺒِﻬَﺎ‬ ِ ‫ض َﻤﺎ ُﻋِﻠ َم ِﻤ ْن اﻟ ﱢد‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ َ ‫ول َﺸﻬ‬ ِ ِ‫و ُﺸْﺒﻬ ٍﺔ ﺒِ َدﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﯿل ﻗَُﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻀُر‬
َ ‫ﯿن‬ َ ‫ َ ٕوِا ْن أَْﻨ َﻛ َر َﺒ ْﻌ‬...‫ إﻻ اْﻟ َﺨطﺎﺒِﯿﱠﺔ‬،‫ﺎدﺘ ِﻬ ْم‬ َ َ َ
ÒGgbwK LvwiRxMY, hviv Avgv‡ì i³cvZ I abm¤ú` êa e‡j MY¨ K‡i, ivm~jyjvn -Gi Mvwj cÖ`vb K‡i, gnvb
Avjvni we‡klYmg~n A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges AvwLiv‡Z Zuvi `k©b A¯^xKvi K‡i Zv‡ìI G¸wji Kvi‡Y Kvwdi ejv nq bv| KviY
Zv‡ì G mKj g‡Zi KviY e¨vL¨v I KziAvb-mybœvni cÖgvY eyS‡Z A¯úóZv ev fyj eySv| Gi cÖgvY †h, gymwjg‡ì Avf¨š—ixY
gvgjv-gyKvÏvgvq Zv‡ì mv¶¨ Keyj Kiv nq| Z‡e †Kej LvËvweq¨vn wdiKv‡K Kvwdi ejv n‡q‡Q|417 Avi †Kv‡bv wdiKv hw`
`x‡bi †Kv‡bv AZ¨vek¨Kxq me©RbÁvZ wek¦vm A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e Giƒc we`ÔAv‡Zi Kvi‡Y †m Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó 418
Avjøvgv Avãyj nvB jvLbex e‡jb:
‫ أﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻛﻔر أﺤدا ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺒﻨﻰ أﺌﻤﺔ اﻟﻛﻼم ﻋدم ﺘﻛﻔﯿر اﻟرواﻓض واﻟﺨوارج‬- ‫ ﻤﻨﻬم إﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ أﺒو ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ‬- ‫ﻨﻘل ﻋن اﻟﺴﻠف‬
‫واﻟﻤﻌﺘزﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ وﻏﯿرﻫﺎ ﻤن ﻓرق اﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ ﺴوى ﻤن ﺒﻠﻎ اﻋﺘﻘﺎدﻩ ﻤﻨﻬم إﻟﻰ اﻟﻛﻔر‬
Òmvjvd mvwjnxb- Avgv‡ì Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvI Zuv‡ì AšÍf©~³- †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Avgiv †Kv‡bv Avnjy wKejv‡K
Kvwdi ewj bv| G e³‡eï wfwË‡ZB AvKx`vwe`MY g~jbxwZ ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb †h, kxqv-ivwdhx, LvwiRx, gyZvwhjx, gyRvm&wmgv (†`‡n
wek¦vmx) I Ab¨vb¨ weåvšÍ wdiKv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| Z‡e Kv‡iv AvKx`v wek¦vm hw` Kzdix ch©šÍ †cuŠ‡Q hvq Z‡e wfbœ
K_v|Ó419
†gvjøv Avjx Kvix Avjøvgv Beb nvRvi gv°xi e³e¨ D×…Z K‡i e‡jb:
‫اﻟﺼواب ﻋﻨد اﻷﻛﺜرﯿن ﻤن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻠف واﻟﺨﻠف أﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻛﻔر أﻫل اﻟﺒدع واﻷﻫواء إﻻ إن أﺘوا ﺒﻤﻛﻔر ﺼرﯿﺢ ﻻ اﺴﺘﻠزاﻤﻲ ﻷن‬
‫اﻷﺼﺢ أن ﻻزم اﻟﻤذﻫب ﻟﯿس ﺒﻼزم وﻤن ﺜم ﻟم ﯿزل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﯿﻌﺎﻤﻠوﻨﻬم ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن ﻓﻲ ﻨﻛﺎﺤﻬم ٕواﻨﻛﺎﺤﻬم واﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤوﺘﺎﻫم‬
‫ودﻓﻨﻬم ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺒرﻫم ﻷﻨﻬم ٕوان ﻛﺎﻨوا ﻤﺨطﺌﯿن ﻏﯿر ﻤﻌذورﯿن ﺤﻘت ﻋﻠﯿﻬم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﺴق واﻟﻀﻼل إﻻ أﻨﻬم ﻟم ﯿﻘﺼدوا ﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟوﻩ اﺨﺘﯿﺎر‬
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Contents

‫اﻟﻛﻔر ٕواﻨﻤﺎ ﺒذﻟوا وﺴﻌﻬم ﻓﻲ إﺼﺎﺒﺔ اﻟﺤق ﻓﻠم ﯿﺤﺼل ﻟﻬم ﻟﻛن ﻟﺘﻘﺼﯿرﻫم ﺒﺘﺤﻛﯿم ﻋﻘوﻟﻬم وأﻫوﯿﺘﻬم ٕواﻋراﻀﻬم ﻋن ﺼرﯿﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ واﻵﯿﺎت ﻤن ﻏﯿر ﺘﺄوﯿل ﺴﺎﺌﻎ وﺒﻬذا ﻓﺎرﻗوا ﻤﺠﺘﻬدي اﻟﻔروع ﻓﺈن ﺨطﺄﻫم إﻨﻤﺎ ﻫو ﻟﻌذرﻫم ﺒﻘﯿﺎم دﻟﯿل آﺨر ﻋﻨدﻫم ﻤﻘﺎوم ﻟدﻟﯿل‬
‫ﻏﯿرﻫم ﻤن ﺠﻨﺴﻪ ﻓﻠم ﯿﻘﺼروا وﻤن ﺜم أﺜﯿﺒوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﺠﺘﻬﺎدﻫم‬
Òmvjvd mvwjnxb Ges cieZ©x hy‡Mi AwaKvsk Avwj‡gi wbKU mwVK gZ GB †h, weÀvZcš’x Ges weåvšÍ wdiKv¸‡jvi
Abymvix‡ì‡K Avgiv Kvwdi eje bv| Z‡e hw` Zviv my¯úó †Kv‡bv Kzdix Kg© ev gZ MÖnY K‡i Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi ejv n‡e|
Kv‡iv AvKx`vi `vwe ev cwiYwZi ARynv‡Z Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv| KviY mwVK gZ GB †h, Kv‡iv g‡Zi `vwe ev cwiYwZ Zvi
gZ e‡j MY¨ bq| Avi GRb¨B mKj hy‡MB AvwjgMY weåvšÍ wdiKvi Abymvix‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg wn‡m‡eB AvPiY K‡i‡Qb, †hgb
Zv‡ì mv‡_ êevwnK m¤úK©, Zv‡ì g„Z‡ì Rvbvhvi mvjvZ Av`vq, gymwjg‡ì †Mvi¯’v‡b `vdb Kiv BZ¨vw`| G mKj m¤úª`vq
fz‡ji g‡a¨ wbcwZZ Ges Zv‡ì G fz‡ji c‡ÿ Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv Ihi ev MÖnY‡hvM¨ KviY †bB| GRb¨ Zv‡ì‡K cvcx I c_åó
ej‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Kzdix Kiv bq| Zviv mZ¨ mÜv‡b BRwZnv` ev †Póv K‡i‡Q Z‡e m‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i wb| AvKj
ev eyw×e„wËK hyw³i Dci I wb‡R‡ì cQ›`-AcQ‡›ì Dci wbf©i Kiv Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ e¨vL¨v Qvov my¯úó mybœvZ Ges KziAv‡bi
AvqvZ¸‡jv †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bIqvi Kvi‡YB Zviv m‡Z¨ bv †cuŠ‡Q weåvšÍ n‡q‡Q| Avi GLv‡bB wdKnx wel‡q BRwZnv`Kvixi
mv‡_ Zv‡ì cv_©K¨| wdKnx wel‡q BRwZnv`Kvix wfbœg‡Zi GKwU `jx‡ji wecix‡Z GKB ch©v‡qi Ab¨ `jxj _vKvi Kvi‡Y
wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡ib| GRb¨ wZwb BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ mvIqve jvf K‡ib|Ó420
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv G cwi‡”Q‡` Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi G g~jbxwZ AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’I wZwb G welqwU evievi Av‡jvPbv I e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Avhg Zuvi ÒAvj-
wdKûj AvemvZÓ MÖ‡š’ ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ ev †kªôZg wdK‡ni msÁvq e‡j‡Qb: Òcv‡ci Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv wKejvcš’x gymwjg‡K
Kvwdi ej‡e bv Ges Kv‡iv Cgvb A¯^xKvi Ki‡e bv|Ó G cy¯—‡K Zuvi Av‡iKwU e³e¨ †`Lyb:
‫ب‬َ ‫ون إِ ْذ َذ َﻫ‬ ِ ‫ " َوَذا اﻟﱡﻨ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎ َل اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬:ُ‫ ُﯿﻘَﺎ ُل ﻟَﻪ‬:‫ض َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ؟ ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل‬ ِ
ُ ْ‫ َﻤﺎ اﻟﱠﻨﻘ‬،‫ب َذ ْﻨﺒﺎً ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻛﺎﻓٌر‬ َ ‫ َﻤ ْن أَ ْذَﻨ‬:‫ت ﻟَ ْو أَ ﱠن َر ُﺠﻼً ﻗَﺎ َل‬ َ ‫ أََأَرْﯿ‬:‫ت‬ ُ ‫ﻗُ ْﻠ‬
‫ ﻓَﻬُ َو ظَﺎﻟِ ٌم ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ٌن َوﻟَْﯿ َس ﺒِ َﻛ ِﺎﻓ ٍر‬،"‫ﯿن‬ ِِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ُ ‫ك إِﱢﻨﻲ ُﻛ ْﻨ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫َن ﻻ إِﻟَﻪَ إِﻻ أ َْﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﺎدى ِﻓﻲ اﻟظﱡﻠُﻤ‬ َ ‫َن ﻟَ ْن َﻨ ْﻘ ِد َر َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ﻓََﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﻤ َﻐ‬
َ ‫ت ﻤ َن اﻟظﺎﻟﻤ‬ َ ‫ت ُﺴ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻨ‬ ْ ‫ﺎت أ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺎﻀًﺒﺎ ﻓَظَ ﱠن أ‬ ُ
ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ
َ َ‫ َوﻗ‬.‫ َو َﻛ ُﺎﻨ ْوا ُﻤ ْذﻨﺒِْﯿ َن ﻻَ َﻛﺎﻓ ِرْﯿ َن‬،"‫ﯿن‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ "ﻟَﯿ ْﻐﻔ َر‬ ‫ﺎل اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻟ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤد‬ َ ‫وﺒَﻨﺎ إِﱠﻨﺎ ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ َﺨﺎطﺌ‬َ ‫اﺴﺘَ ْﻐﻔ ْر ﻟََﻨﺎ ُذُﻨ‬ْ ‫ "َﯿﺎ أََﺒ َﺎﻨﺎ‬:‫ف ﻗَﺎﻟُ ْوا‬ َ ‫ َ ٕوِا ْﺨ َوةُ ُﯿ ْو ُﺴ‬.‫ق‬ ٍ ‫وﻻَ ُﻤَﻨﺎﻓ‬
َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﺎن ﻓ ْﻲ ﻗَ ْﺘﻠﻪ ُﻤ ْذﻨﺒﺎً ﻻَ َﻛﺎﻓ اًر‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ ﻤ ْن ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر‬:‫ َوﻟَ ْم َﯿﻘُ ْل‬،"‫َﺨ َر‬‫ك و َﻤﺎ ﺘَﺄ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫اﻟرُﺠ َل َﻛ‬ ‫ َو ُﻤ ْو َﺴﻰ ﺤ ْﯿ َن ﻗَﺘَ َل ﱠ‬.‫ك‬ َ َ ‫ك اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻤﺎ ﺘَﻘَد َم ﻤ ْن َذ ْﻨﺒ‬ َ َ‫ﻟ‬
ÒAve~ gyZx e‡jb: hw` †KD e‡j, †h cv‡c wjß nq †m-B Kvwdi, Z‡e Zvi e³e¨ wKiƒ‡c LÊb Kiv n‡e Zv ejyb|
wZwb (Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv) e‡jb: Zv‡K ejv n‡e: Avjvn ZvAvjv e‡j‡Qb 421: ÒGes ¯§iY Ki hybœyb-BDb~m-Gi K_v hLb †m
ivMvwš^Z Ae¯’vq P‡j wM‡qwQj Ges g‡b K‡iwQj †h, Avwg Zvi Dci ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Kie bv; AZtci †m AÜKvi †_‡K
†W‡K e‡jwQj, Avcwb Qvov †Kv‡bv Bjvn †bB, Avcwb cweÎ gnvb, wbðq Avwg wQjvg hvwjg|Ó Zvn‡j wZwb hvwjg gywgb,
KvwdiI bb, gybvwdKI bb| BDm~‡di fvBMY e‡jwQ‡jb 422: Ò†n Avgv‡ì wcZv, Avgv‡ì cv‡ci Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki“b;
wbðq Avgiv wQjvg AcivaxÓ; Zuviv wQ‡jb cvcx, wKš‘ Zuviv Kvwdi wQ‡jb bv| Avi gnvb Avjvn gynv¤§v` ()-‡K
e‡j‡Qb 423: Ò†hb Avjvn gvR©bv K‡ib Ô†Zvgvi Î“wUÕ AZxZ I fwel¨‡ZiÓ, wZwb e‡jb wb: Ò†Zvgvi KzdiÓ| Avi g~mv (Av)
hLb †m gvbylwU‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jb wZwb nZ¨vi Kvi‡Y Acivax nb, Kvwdi nb wb|Ó 424
Avj-wdKûj AvemvZ MÖ‡š’ Ave~ gyZx I Bgvg Avh‡gi Av‡iKwU K‡_vcK_b:
‫ َوﻟَ ِﻛ ْن ُﻨﻘَﺎﺘِﻠُﻬُ ْم َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ ﻗَﺎﺘَﻠَﻬُ ْم‬،َ‫ ﻻ‬:‫ أَﺘُ َﻛﻔﱢُرُﻫ ْم؟ ﻗَﺎ َل‬:ُ‫ت ﻟَﻪ‬ ُ ‫ ُﻫ ْم أَ ْﺨَﺒ‬:‫ َﻤﺎ ﺘَﻘُ ْو ُل ِﻓ ْﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺨ َو ِارِج اﻟْ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻛ َﻤ ِﺔ؟ ﻗَﺎ َل‬:ُ‫ت ﻟَﻪ‬
ُ ‫ ُﻗ ْﻠ‬.‫ث ا ْﻟ َﺨ َو ِارِج‬ ُ ‫ُﻗ ْﻠ‬
‫ ﻓَ ُﻛ ْﻔ ُر ا ْﻟ َﺨ َو ِارِج ُﻛ ْﻔ ُر اﻟﱢﻨ َﻌِم ُﻛ ْﻔٌر ﺒِ َﻤﺎ‬.... ‫آن‬ ‫اﻷَﺌِ ﱠﻤﺔُ ِﻤ ْن أَ ْﻫ ِل ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿ ِر وﻋﻠِ ﱞﻲ وﻋﻤر ْﺒن ﻋ ْﺒ ِد ا ْﻟﻌ ِزْﯿ ِز؛ ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﺨو ِارج ﯿ َﻛﱢﺒرون وﯿ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ﺼﻠ ْو َن َوَﯿ ْﺘﻠُ ْو َن ا ْﻟﻘُ ْر‬َ َُ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ُ َُ ُ َ َ َ
.‫أَْﻨ َﻌ َم اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬
ÒAvwg (Avey gyZx) Zuv‡K ejjvg: ûKzg-cš’x LvwiRxMY (hviv e‡jb †h, Avjvn Qvov KvD‡K ûKzg-weavb-Gi ¶gZv
cÖ`vb ev Kv‡iv ûKzg-weavb cvjb Kiv Kzdi)-Gi wel‡q Avcwb Kx e‡jb? wZwb (Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv) e‡jb: Giv n‡jv
LvwiRx‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wbK…ó `j| Avwg ejjvg: Avcwb wK Zv‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡jb? wZwb e‡jb: bv, Z‡e Avgiv Zv‡ì
wei“‡× hy× Kwi †hfv‡e †bKKvi Bgvg-ivóªcÖavbMY, Avjx (iv) Ges Dgvi Beb Avãyj Avhxh (ivn) Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy×
K‡i‡Qb| .... KviY LvwiRxMY ZvKexi e‡j, mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i, KziAvb wZjvIqvZ K‡i.... AZGe LvwiRx‡ì Kzdi n‡”Q
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wbqvg‡Zi Kzdi ev AK…ZÁZv, Avjvni †Ìqv wbqvg‡Zi A¯^xKvi I AK…ZÁZv|Ó 425
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv iwPZ Ab¨ cyw¯ÍKv ÒAvj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjgÓ-G GK ¯’v‡b Bgvg Avh‡gi mv‡_ Ave~
gyKvwZ‡ji Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi wbgœiƒc:
‫َﺴ ﱢﻤ ْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ِ ِ َ ِ‫ وﻻَ أُﺴ ﱢﻤ ْﯿ ِﻪ ﺒِ َذﻟ‬،‫ب‬
َ ‫ َوﻟَﻛ ْن أ‬،‫ك َﻛﺎﻓ اًر‬
ِ ِ
َ َ ٌ ‫ﺎدﺘ ْﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻛﺎذ‬
ِ َ ‫ َﺸﻬ‬:...‫ك ﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ؟ ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل‬
َ َ َ‫ َﻤﺎ َﺸﻬ‬،‫ك ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر‬
َ َ ُ‫ﺎدﺘ‬ َ ‫َﺨﺒِ ْرﻨِ ْﻲ َﻋ ﱠﻤ ْن َﯿ ْﺸﻬَ ُد َﻋﻠَْﯿ‬ْ‫أ‬
ِ ‫ك ِﻤن ﻋﺒِْﯿ ِد‬
َ ‫ ﻓَ َذِﻟ‬،‫اﷲ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ُ ‫ وﺤرﻤﺔٌ ﺘُْﻨﺘَﻬ‬،‫اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ك ِﻤن‬ ‫َﻛ ِﺎذﺒﺎً؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬
‫ك‬ َ ْ ُ َ‫ َوا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْرَﻤﺔُ اﻟﺘ ْﻲ ﺘُْﻨﺘَﻬ‬،ُ‫ك ﻤ ْن َﻋﺒِْﯿد اﷲ ُﺴ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻨﻪ‬ َ َ ُْ َ َ َ ُ َ‫ ُﺤ ْرَﻤﺔٌ ﺘُْﻨﺘَﻬ‬:‫ﺎن‬ ِ َ‫َن ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْرَﻤﺔَ ُﺤ ْرَﻤﺘ‬
ِ ‫َن اﻟﱢِذي ﯿ ْﻛ ِذب ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﷲ‬ َ ُ َ ْ ‫ب َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻰ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ َﻛﺎﻟذ‬ ‫ب َﻋﻠَﻰ اﷲ َو َﻋﻠَﻰ َر ُﺴ ْوﻟِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ي َﯿ ْﻛذ‬ ُ ‫ي َﯿ ْﻛذ‬
ْ ‫َن َﯿ ُﻛ ْو َن اﻟذ‬ ْ ‫ َوﻻَ َﯿ ْﻨَﺒ ِﻐ ْﻲ أ‬.‫َﻤﺎ َﯿ ُﻛ ْو ُن َﺒ ْﯿَﻨﻬُ ْم ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ َﻤظَﺎﻟِِم‬
‫ب َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ِ ْ ‫ وﻻَ ﯿ ِﺤ ﱡل ِﻟﻲ أ‬،‫ب‬
َ ‫َن أَ ْﻛذ‬ ْ َ َ ٌ ‫ي َﻛﺎذ‬
ِ ِِ
ْ ‫ي َﺸ ِﻬ َد َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر ﻓَﻬُ َو ﻋ ْﻨد‬
ِ‫َن ﻟَو َﻛ َذب ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺠ ِﻤ ْﯿ ِﻊ اﻟﱠﻨ ِ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﺎس؛ ﻓَﺎﻟذ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ْ ‫وﻋﻠَﻰ رﺴوﻟِ ِﻪ َذ ْﻨﺒﻪ أ‬
ْ ْ ‫َﻋظَ ُم ﻤ ْن أ‬ ُُ ُْ َ َ َ
ِ
."‫ب ﻟﻠﺘﱠ ْﻘ َوى‬ ِ ِ
ْ ‫َن ﻗَ ْوٍم َﻋﻠَﻰ أَﻻ ﺘَ ْﻌدﻟُوا‬ ‫ﻟِ َﻛ ِذﺒِ ِﻪ َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬
ُ ‫اﻋدﻟُوا ُﻫ َو أَ ْﻗ َر‬ ُ ‫ " َوﻻ َﯿ ْﺠ ِرَﻤﱠﻨ ُﻛ ْم َﺸَﻨﺂ‬:‫َن اﷲَ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ ﻗَﺎ َل‬
ÒAve~ gyKvwZj e‡jb: †h e¨w³ Avcbv‡K Kvwdi e‡j mv¶¨ w`‡”Q, Zvi wel‡q Avcwb wK mv¶¨ w`‡eb? DË‡i Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: ÒZvi wel‡q Avgvi mv¶¨ †h, †m wg_¨vev`x| GRb¨ Avwg Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kwi bv, eis
Zv‡K wg_¨vev`x ewj| KviY gh©v`v ev n° `y cÖKvi| GK n‡jv Avjvni n° ev gh©v`v bó Kiv, Ab¨wU n‡jv Avjvni ev›`v‡ì
n° ev gh©v`v bó Kiv| Avjvni ev›`vM‡Yi gh©v`v ev n° bó Kiv n‡jv Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi Ryjyg I Ab¨vq| Avjvn I Zuvi
ivm~‡ji  wel‡q †h e¨w³ wg_¨v e‡j Zvi Ae¯’v Avi Avgvi wel‡q †h wg_¨v e‡j Zvi Ae¯’v GK n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY †h
e¨w³ Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji  bv‡g wg_¨v ej‡Q Zvi cvc `ywbqvi mKj gvby‡li bv‡g wg_¨v ejvi †P‡qI fq¼iZi|
AZGe †h e¨w³ Avgv‡K Kvwdi e‡j mv¶¨ †`q †m e¨w³ Avgvi g‡Z wg_¨vev`x| Z‡e †m Avgvi wel‡q wg_¨v e‡j‡Q G
ARynv‡Z Zvi wel‡q wg_¨v ejv Avgvi Rb¨ êa bq| KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb 426: Ò†Kv‡bv †Mvôxi mv‡_ kÎ“Zv †hb
†Zvgv‡ì‡K †e-Bbmvdx Kivi cÖ‡ivPbv bv †`q; †Zvgiv Bbmvd Ki‡e; Bbmvd ZvKIqvi mv‡_ mymgÄmÓ...|Ó 427
GLv‡b Bgvg Avhg Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi Kg©aviv e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb, Zv n‡jv cÖwZc¶ ev wfbœgZvej¤^x
gywg‡bi evn¨Z Kzdix K_v e¨vL¨v K‡i Zv‡K gywgb e‡j MY¨ Kivi †Póv| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, weåvš— `j¸‡jv wfbœg‡Zi
gywgb‡ì‡K Kvwdi ej‡Z D`MÖxe _v‡K| †Kv‡bv my¯úó ARynvZ bv †c‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv GKwU e³e¨ e¨vL¨v K‡i Zvi wfwË‡Z
Zv‡K Kvwdi e‡j| c¶vš—‡i mvnvexMY I Avnjym mybœv‡Zi BgvgMY wfbœg‡Zi gywgb‡K gywgb ej‡Z D`MÖxe| Zvi K_vi g‡a¨
my¯úó Kzdix _vK‡jI Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i Zv‡K gywgb ej‡Z †Póv K‡ib Zviv| welqwU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv GLv‡b e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, LvwiRx I Ab¨vb¨ weåvš— `j mybœvZ Abymvix‡ì Kvwdi ejZ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv‡KI Zviv Kvwdi
e‡j‡Q| cÖvq gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q †h, gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejv Kzdix| G mKj nv`x‡mi `jxj w`‡q Bgvg Avhg ej‡Z
cvi‡Zb †h Avgv‡K Kvwdi e‡j †m Kvwdi| KviY (1) A‡bK¸‡jv mnxn nv`xm Øviv wbwðZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ †h, gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejv
Kzdix, (2) Avwg wbwðZfv‡eB gywgb, (3) Kv‡RB †h Avgv‡K Kvwdi e‡j‡Q †m wbwðZfv‡eB Kvwdi| wKš‘ Avnjym mybœvZ-Gi
BgvgMY cÖwZcÿ‡K Kvwdi evbv‡Z D`MÖxe wQ‡jb bv, eis cÖwZcÿ‡K gywgb e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z D`MÖxe wQ‡jb| GRb¨ AZ¨š—
b¨vqcivqYZvi mv‡_ Bgvg Avhg Zv‡K wg_¨vev`x gywgb e‡j e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ MÖ‡š’i Av‡iKwU e³e¨ †`Lyb:
ِ ‫ق َﻏْﯿر‬ ِ ٍ ‫"ﺨﺎﻟِ ُ ﱢ‬ َ ‫ َﻓِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ ُﻛ ْﻔٌر ِﻟﻘَ ْوﻟِ ِﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎَﻟﻰ‬:‫ق َﻫ َذا؟ َﻗﺎ َل‬
ُ ‫ي َﻤ ْن َﺨ ِﺎﻟ‬ ِِ ِ ٍ
.‫اﷲ‬ ُ ٌ ‫ ﻟَﻪُ َﺨﺎﻟ‬:‫ َﻓ َﻛﺄَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗَﺎ َل‬،"‫ق ُﻛل َﺸ ْﻲء‬ ْ ‫ ﻻَ أ َْد ِر‬:‫ إِ َذا أَْﻨ َﻛَر ﺒِ َﺸ ْﻲء ﻤ ْن َﺨْﻠﻘﻪ َﻓﻘَﺎ َل‬:‫ت‬ُ ‫ﻓَُﻘْﻠ‬
ِ ِ ِ ِِ ِ َ ‫َو َﻛ َذِﻟ‬
‫ب‬َ ‫ " ُﻛﺘ‬:‫اﻟزَﻛﺎةَ" َوﻟِ َﻘ ْوﻟِﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻼَةَ وآﺘُْوا ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ ﻟ َﻘ ْوﻟﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ "أَﻗْﯿ ُﻤ ْوا اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ ﻓَﺈﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗَ ْد َﻛﻔََر‬،َ‫ﱢﯿ َﺎم َواﻟزَﻛﺎة‬ َ‫ﻼةَ َواﻟﺼ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺼ‬
‫ض َﻋﻠَ ﱠﻲ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َن اﷲَ َﻓَر‬‫َﻋﻠَ ُم أ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ ﻻَ أ‬:‫ﺎل‬
َ َ‫ك ﻟَ ْو ﻗ‬
َ َ‫ ﻓَِﺈ ْن ﻗ‬."‫ظ ِﻬُرْو َن‬
:‫ﺎل‬ ْ ُ‫ض َﻋ ِﺸﯿ�ﺎ َو ِﺤْﯿ َن ﺘ‬ ِ ‫ات واﻷَْر‬ ِ ‫اﷲ ِﺤْﯿن ﺘُﻤﺴون و ِﺤْﯿن ﺘُﺼﺒِﺤون وﻟَﻪ اْﻟﺤﻤ ُد ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺴ‬ ِ ‫ " َﻓﺴْﺒﺤﺎن‬:‫ وِﻟ َﻘوﻟِ ِﻪ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬،"‫ﻋﻠَْﯿ ُﻛم اﻟﺼﱢﯿﺎم‬
َ ‫ﱠﻤَو‬ َ ْ ْ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ُْ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ ْ َ َُ ُ َ
.‫ﺊ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻔ ِﺴْﯿ ِر‬ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫َﻋَﻠم ﺘَﺄِْوْﯿَﻠﻬﺎ وﻻَ أ‬
ٌ ‫ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ ﻻَ َﯿ ْﻛﻔُُر؛ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪُ ُﻤ ْؤِﻤ ٌن ﺒِﺎﻟﺘﱠْﻨ ِ ْزﯿل َوُﻤ ْﺨط‬،‫َﻋﻠَ ُم ﺘَ ْﻔﺴ َﯿرَﻫﺎ‬ َ َ
ِ ‫أُوِﻤن ﺒِﻬِذِﻩ‬
ُ ْ ‫اﻵﯿﺔ َوﻻَ أ‬
َ َ ُ ْ
ÒAvwg (Ave~ gyZx evjLx) ejjvg: hw` †KD Avjvni †Kv‡bv m„wó A¯^xKvi K‡i e‡j, G e¯‘ †K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv Avwg
Rvwb bv, Zvn‡j Zvi weavb Kx? wZwb (Ave~ nvbxdv) e‡jb: G †Zv Kzdix Kij; KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb 428: ÒwZwb mKj wKQzi
m„wóKvixÓ; Avi Dc‡ii K_v Øviv †m †hb ejj, G `ªe¨wUi Avjvn Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m„wóKZ©v Av‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e hw` †m
e‡j, Avjvn Avgvi Dci mvjvZ, wmqvg I hvKvZ dih K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avwg Rvwb bv (A_©vr G¸wji Avek¨KZv †m A¯^xKvi
K‡i) Z‡e †m Kvwdi n‡e| KviY Avjvn e‡j‡Qb: ÒmvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki Ges hvKvZ cÖ`vb KiÓ 429, Ges e‡j‡Qb: Ò‡Zvgv‡ì
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Contents
Dci wmqvg wewae× n‡jvÓ| 430 Avjvn Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb: ÒAZGe Avjvni Zvmexn hLb †Zvgiv mÜ¨vq DcbxZ nI
Ges hLb †Zvgiv cÖfv‡Z DcbxZ nI| Ges ZuviB Rb¨ cÖksmv Avmgvbmg~n Ges hgx‡b Aciv‡ý Ges hLb †Zvgiv hyn‡ii
mg‡q DcbxZ nI|Ó 431 (G Avqv‡Z Avjvn mg‡qi D‡jL K‡i mvjv‡Zi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, Kv‡RB Zv A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Kvwdi
n‡e|) hw` †m e‡j Avwg G AvqvZ wek¦vm Kwi, Z‡e Gi e¨vL¨v Rvwb bv, Zvn‡j †m Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv| KviY †m
KziAvb‡K wek¦vm I ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ e¨vL¨vq fyj K‡i‡Q|Ó 432
G cy¯—‡K Av‡iv A‡bK welq wZwb e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb, hvi g~j K_v GKwUB: Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K h_vm¤¢e e¨vL¨v I IRi-
ARynv‡Zi gva¨‡g gywgb e‡j MY¨ Kivi †Póv Kiv| hw` †KD KziAv‡bi my¯úó Ø¨_©nxb AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ †Kv‡b welq
A¯^xKvi Kivi †NvlYv †`q Z‡e †m Kvwdi| Avi hw` †m e¨vL¨vq fyj K‡i, ev †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨vL¨v A¯^xKvi K‡i Zvn‡j
Zv‡K Kvwdi ejv hv‡e bv|
G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi QvÎ Bgvg gynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb e‡jb :
‫ﻻ ﯿﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻷﺤد ﻤن أﻫل اﻹﺴﻼم أن ﯿﺸﻬد ﻋﻠﻰ رﺠل ﻤن أﻫل اﻹﺴﻼم ﺒذﻨب أذﻨﺒﻪ ﺒﻛﻔر ٕوان ﻋظم ﺠرﻤﻪ وﻫو ﻗول‬
‫أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤن ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺌﻨﺎ‬
Ò†Kv‡bv gymwj‡gi Rb¨ êa bq †h, †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K †Kv‡bv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y Kvwdi e‡j mvÿ¨ w`‡e, †m cvc hZB eo
†nvK bv †Kb| GwUB Ave~ nvbxdvi gZ Ges Avgv‡ì dKxnM‡Yi mK‡ji gZ|Ó 433
6. eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv
gymwjg bvgavix e¨w³‡K Kvwdi ejvi mv‡_ mswkó Av‡iKwU welq: eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv| Kvwd‡ii Kzd‡ii cÖwZ N„Yv Ges
gywg‡bi Cgv‡bi cÖwZ †cÖg Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| GRb¨ Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Ab¨Zg Av‡jvP¨ welq ÔAvj-IqvjvqvZy Iqvj
َ ‫ )اﻟ ِـو‬wejvqvZ ev IqvjvqvZ A_© ˆbKU¨, eÜzyZ¡ ev AwffveKZ¡| evivAvZ (‫ )اﻟﺒ ارءة‬A_© wegyw³,
evivAvZÕ (‫ﻻﯿـﺔ( |)اﻟوﻻﯿﺔ واﻟﺒراءة‬
m¤úK©w”QbœZv, wb‡`©vwlZv ev A¯^xK…wZ|
KziAvb-nv`x‡m evievi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q gywgb‡K fvjevm‡Z, Zuvi mv‡_ wejvqvZ (eÜzZ¡) cÖwZôv Ki‡Z, Kvwdi‡K
AcQ›` Ki‡Z I Zvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ _vK‡Z| gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِ َ ‫ض َﯿﺄْﻤ ُر‬
‫ون ﱠ‬
َ‫اﻟزَﻛﺎة‬ َ ُ‫اﻟﺼﻼةَ َوُﯿ ْؤﺘ‬
‫ون ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ون ﺒﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُروف َوَﯿْﻨﻬَ ْو َن َﻋ ِن اْﻟ ُﻤْﻨ َﻛ ِر َوُﯿﻘ‬
َ ‫ﯿﻤ‬ ُ ٍ ‫ﺎء َﺒ ْﻌ‬ ُ ‫ﻀﻬُ ْم أ َْوﻟَِﯿ‬
ُ ‫ﺎت َﺒ ْﻌ‬ُ ‫ون َواْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤَﻨ‬
َ ‫َواْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤُﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
ٌ ‫ون اﻟﻠﻪَ َوَر ُﺴوﻟَﻪُ أُوَﻟﺌ َك َﺴَﯿ ْر َﺤ ُﻤﻬُ ُم اﻟﻠﻪُ إِ ﱠن اﻟﻠﻪَ َﻋ ِز ٌﯿز َﺤﻛ‬
‫ﯿم‬ َ ‫ﯿﻌ‬
ُ ‫َوُﯿط‬
ÒGes gywgb cyi“lMY I gywgb bvixMY G‡K Ac‡ii eÜz-wbKUeZ©x ev Ijx| Zviv fvj Kv‡Ri Av‡`k †`q, Ab¨vq
KvR †_‡K wb‡la K‡i, mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i, hvKvZ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ K‡i| G‡ì‡K Avjvn
kxNÖB `qv Ki‡eb| wbðq Avjvn civµgkvjx cÖÁvgq| 434
Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ون‬ ِ ‫ون ﱠ‬ ِ ‫إِﱠﻨﻤﺎ وِﻟﱡﯿ ُﻛم اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ورﺴوﻟُﻪ واﻟﱠ ِذﯿن آَﻤُﻨوا اﻟﱠِذ‬
َ ‫اﻟزَﻛﺎةَ َو ُﻫ ْم َراﻛ ُﻌ‬ َ ُ‫اﻟﺼﻼةَ َوُﯿ ْؤﺘ‬
‫ون ﱠ‬َ ‫ﯿﻤ‬
ُ ‫ﯿن ُﯿﻘ‬
َ َ َ َ ُ ُ ََ ُ ُ َ َ
Ò†Zvgv‡ì eÜz †Zv Avjvn, Zuvi ivm~j Ges hviv Cgvb MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hviv mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i Ges hvKvZ cÖ`vb K‡i
Ges Zviv i“Kz-iZ|Ó 435
ً‫َن ﺘَﺘﱠﻘُوا ِﻤْﻨﻬُ ْم ﺘُﻘَﺎة‬
ْ ‫ﯿن َو َﻤ ْن َﯿ ْﻔ َﻌ ْل َذﻟِ َك َﻓَﻠ ْﯿ َس ِﻤ َن اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ َﺸ ْﻲ ٍء إِﻻ أ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺎء ِﻤ ْن ُد‬
َ ‫ون اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨ‬ َ ‫ﯿن أ َْوﻟَِﯿ‬
ِ ِِ
َ ‫ﻻ َﯿﺘﱠﺨذ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤُﻨ‬
َ ‫ون اْﻟ َﻛﺎﻓ ِر‬
ÒgywgbMY †hb gywgbMY e¨ZxZ Kvwdi‡ì‡K eÜziƒ‡c MÖnY bv K‡i| †h †KD Giƒc Ki‡e Zvi mv‡_ Avjvni †Kv‡bv
m¤úK© _vK‡e bv| Z‡e e¨wZµg, hw` †Zvgiv Zv‡ì wbKU n‡Z AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki|Ó 436
Gfv‡e KziAv‡b evievi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h, gywgbMY ci¯úi fvB, eÜz, Aš—i½ m½x ev ü`‡qi wcÖqRb| c¶vš—
‡i Kvwdi KL‡bv gywg‡bi Aš—i½ eÜz ev ü`‡qi wcÖqRb n‡Z cv‡i bv| Agymwj‡gi mv‡_ gymwj‡gi mvgvwRK ev †jŠwKK
mym¤úK© I gvbweK mn‡hvwMZv _vK‡e, Z‡e ü`‡qi †cÖg _vK‡e bv|
G wel‡q nv`xm kix‡dI evisevi wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡j‡Qb:
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Contents
‫َن ُﯿ ِﺤ ﱠ‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫اﻫ َﻤﺎ َوأ‬
ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎن وطَﻌﻤﻪ أَن ﯿ ُﻛون اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋ ﱠز وﺠ ﱠل ورﺴوﻟُﻪ أَﺤ ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ب إِﻟَْﯿﻪ ﻤ ﱠﻤﺎ ﺴ َو‬ َ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ِ ‫ﯿﻤ‬ ِ ِِ ِِ
َ ‫ث َﻤ ْن ُﻛ ﱠن ﻓﯿﻪ َو َﺠ َد ﺒﻬ ﱠن َﺤﻼَ َوةَ اﻹ‬
ٌ َ‫ﺜَﻼ‬
‫َن ُﯿ ْﺸ ِر َك ﺒِﺎﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ‬ ِ ِ ‫ِﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ وأَن ﯿ ْﺒ ِﻐض ِﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ وأَن ﺘُوَﻗ َد ﻨﺎر ﻋ ِظﯿﻤﺔٌ ﻓَﯿﻘَﻊ ِﻓﯿﻬﺎ أَﺤ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ب إِﻟَْﯿﻪ ﻤ ْن أ‬ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ٌَ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ
ÒwZbwU welq hvi g‡a¨ _vK‡e †m G¸‡jv Øviv Cgv‡bi wgóZ¡ I ¯^v` jvf Ki‡e: (1) gnvb Avjvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j
() Ab¨ mK‡ji †P‡q Zvi wbKU wcÖqZi n‡e, (2) †m Avjvni Rb¨B fvjevm‡e Ges Avjvni Rb¨B N„Yv ev AcQ›` Ki‡e
Ges (3) wekvj AwMœKzÊ cÖ¾¡wjZ Kiv n‡j †m AwMœKz‡Ê Suvwc‡q cov‡K †m Avjvni mv‡_ wkiK Kiv A‡c¶v AwaK cQ›`
Ki‡e|Ó 437
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Ave~ Dgvgv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡j‡Qb:
‫ﺎن‬ ِ ِ ‫ِﱠ‬ ِ ‫َﻋ َ ِﱠ‬
ْ ‫ض ﻟِﻠﱠ ِﻪ َوأ‬ ِ ‫ﻤن أَﺤ ﱠ ِﱠ‬
َ ‫ﯿﻤ‬
َ ‫اﺴﺘَ ْﻛ َﻤ َل اﻹ‬
ْ ‫طﻰ ﻟﻠﻪ َو َﻤَﻨ َﻊ ﻟﻠﻪ ﻓَﻘَ ْد‬ َ ‫ب ﻟﻠﻪ َوأَْﺒ َﻐ‬ َ َْ
Ò†h Avjvni Rb¨ fvjev‡m, Avjvni Rb¨ N„Yv K‡i, Avjvni Rb¨ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Avjvni Rb¨ cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ
_v‡K †m Cgvb cwic~Y© K‡i‡Q|Ó 438
G mKj AvqvZ I nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv LyeB my¯úó| gywgb Cgvb I Cvgb`vi‡ì‡K fvjevm‡eb Ges Kzdi I Kzd‡i
wjß gvbyl‡ìK N„Yv Ki‡eb ev AcQ›` Ki‡eb| Cgvb I Cgvb`vi‡K fvjevmv Ges Kzdi I Kvwdi‡K N„Yv Kiv g~jZ
ÒCgvbÓ-Gi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| GRb¨ G welq ÒCgvbÓ I ÒAvKx`vÓ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Z‡e ÒZvKdxiÓ-Gi GKwU
cÖ”Qbœ I fqven iƒc Kvwdi‡ì wel‡q AeZxY© AvqvZ ev nv`xm‡K gywgb‡ì †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv| G wQj LvwiRx weåvwš—i
Drm| Zv‡ì wel‡q Avãyjvn Beb Dgvi (iv) e‡jb:
ِ ِ ْ َ‫ﺎت َﻨ َزﻟ‬
ٍ ‫طﻠَﻘُوا إِﻟَﻰ آﯿ‬
‫ﯿن‬ َ ُ‫ت ﻓﻲ اْﻟ ُﻛﻔﱠ ِﺎر َﻓ َﺠ َﻌﻠ‬
َ ‫وﻫﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨ‬ َ َ ‫إِﱠﻨﻬُ ْم ْاﻨ‬
ÒKvwdi‡ì wel‡q AeZxY© AvqvZ¸‡jvi Kv‡Q †h‡q †m¸‡jv‡K Zviv gywgb‡ì Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i|Ó 439
eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv welqK wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv‡K A‡bK gymwjg Ab¨ gymwj‡gi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| Zviv cv‡ci Kvi‡Y,
Kg©MZ ev AvKx`vMZ gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y ÒgywgbMY‡KÓ N„Yv K‡ib, we‡Øl K‡ib ev kÎ“Zv K‡ib Ges Giƒc N„Yv-we‡Øl‡K
Ò`xbÓ I Bev`Z e‡j MY¨ K‡ib|
A‡bK mgq gvbexq `ye©jZvq Avgiv fvjevmv ev N„Yvq Av‡eM-ZvwoZ n‡q cwo| d‡j G‡¶‡Î Cgv‡bi wb‡`©kbv
Abymv‡i mgš^q Ki‡Z cvwi bv| cvc I Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZ N„YvI Cgv‡bi `vwe| Z‡e gywg‡bi g‡a¨ cv‡ci cvkvcvwk ÒCgvbÓ I
Ab¨vb¨ ÒcyY¨Ó we`¨gvb| G¸wji Rb¨ gywgb‡K fvjevmv Cgv‡bi `vwe| †h‡nZz Cgvb gywg‡bi me©‡kªô Kg© †m‡nZz cv‡c wjß
gywgb‡K Cgv‡bi Kvi‡Y G cwigvY fvjevm‡Z n‡e Ges Ab¨vb¨ †bK Avg‡ji g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk Zvi cv‡ci
cÖwZ AvcwË I `~iZ¡I _vK‡Z n‡e| cv‡ci Rb¨ N„Yvi Kvi‡Y Cgv‡bi Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv Cgv‡bi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
gywg‡bi Cgv‡bi `vwe †h, wZwb ÒCgvbÓ-‡K m‡e©v”P fvjevm‡eb I g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| G fvjevmv I g~j¨vq‡bi `vwe
GB †h, †h ü`‡q Cgv‡bi b~¨bZg Avfv ev †Quvqv we`¨gvb †m ü`q I ü`‡qi AwaKvixi cÖwZ Zvi Aš—‡ii †cÖg, Mfxi
fvjevmv I m‡e©v”P g~j¨vqb _vK‡e| G fvjevmvi A_© gywg‡bi Ab¨vq‡K mg_©b Kiv bq| ÒCgvb`viÓ ev gymwjg bvgavix
e¨w³ hw` Ab¨v‡q wjß nq Z‡e Zv‡K Ab¨vq †_‡K wb‡la Kiv I fvj Kv‡R Av‡`k Kiv Zvi eÜzZ¡ I †cÖ‡giB `vwe| Z‡e
gywg‡bi Ab¨v‡qi Kvi‡Y Zvi ÒCgvbÓ g~j¨nxb n‡q hvq bv| KziAv‡bi wb‡`©kbv GwUB|
c¶vš—‡i Cgv‡bi b~¨bZg `vwe †h, Kzdi‡K gywgb me‡P‡q †ewk AcQ›` Ki‡e| †h ü`‡q ÒKzdiÓ we`¨gvb †m ü`q I
ü`‡qi AwaKvix e¨w³‡K gywgb KL‡bvB ü`‡qi Mfx‡i fvjevm‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K ü`‡qi Mfx‡i fvjevmvi A_© Zvi
ÒKzdiÓ-‡K ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv ev ÒKzdiÓ-‡K ¸i“Z¡nxb e‡j MY¨ Kiv Ges Kzdi-Gi cÖwZ ü`‡qi AvcwË AcmvwiZ nIqv|
cvc ev gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y gywgb‡K XvjvIfv‡e N„Yv Kiv ev Zvi cÖwZ kÎ“Zv †cvlY Kiv Avi †Kv‡bv fvjKv‡Ri Kvi‡Y
Kvwdi‡K fvjevmv I Zv‡K ü`q w`‡q †cÖg Kiv GKB cÖKv‡ii Aciva| Dfq †¶‡ÎB ÒCgvbÓ-Gi Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
Giƒc N„Yv I we‡Øl‡K hZB Avgiv ÒAvjvni Rb¨ N„YvÓ e‡j `vwe Kwi, g~jZ Zv Avjvni Rb¨ bq, eis wb‡R‡ì gbgwR©,
`j, gZ, †bZv, Bgvg, Avgxi, cxi ev Ab¨ wKQzi Rb¨| KviY fvjevmv I kÎ“Zv hw` Avjvni Rb¨ nq Zvn‡j Zv Cgvb,
†bKAvgj I cv‡ci cwigv‡Y mgwš^Z n‡e|
gywg‡bi Ab¨Zg cwiPq ÒCgvbÓ-‡K fvjevmv I Cgv‡bi m‡e©v”P g~j¨vqb Kiv| GRb¨ mywbwðZ cvc ev gZ‡f`xq
ÒcvcÓ-Gi Kvi‡Y gywg‡bi cÖwZ AvcwË ev N„Yv _vK‡jI mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Cgvb I Ab¨vb¨ †bK Avg‡ji cwigvY
fvjevmv _vK‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e ÒwejvqvZÓ I ÒevivAvZÓ A_©vr eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv ev m¤úK© I m¤úK©nxbZv GKwÎZ n‡e| G
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Contents
wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) Zuvi ÒAvj-Avwjg Iqvj gyZvAvwjgÓ MÖ‡š’ wKQz w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb:
ُ‫ اْﻟ َوﻻََﯿﺔ‬:ُ‫ﺎل اْﻟ َﻌ ِﺎﻟ ُم َرِﺤ َﻤﻪُ اﷲ‬ َ َ‫اﺤٍد؟ ﻗ‬
ِ ‫ﺎن و‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫اءِة َﻫ ْل ﺘَ ْﺠﺘَ ِﻤ َﻌ‬
َ ٍ ‫ﺎن ﻓ ْﻲ إْﻨ َﺴ‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫َﺨﺒِْرﻨِ ْﻲ َﻋ ْن ﺘَْﻔﺴْﯿ ِر اْﻟ َوﻻََﯿﺔ َواْﻟَﺒَر‬ ْ ‫ أ‬... :ُ‫ﺎل اْﻟ ُﻤﺘَ َﻌﻠﱢ ُم َرِﺤ َﻤﻪُ اﷲ‬
َ َ‫ﻗ‬
‫ ﻓَﻬُ َو‬.‫ﱠﻤﺎ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺠﺘَ ِﻤ َﻌﺎ ِﻓْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ٍ ِ ٍ ‫اﺠﺘَﻤﻌﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِإْﻨﺴ‬
َ ‫ َوُرﺒ‬،‫ﺎن َواﺤد‬ َ ْ َ َ ْ ‫ﱠﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ َوُرﺒ‬،‫ﱢﺊ‬
ِ
ْ ‫اﻫﺔُ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﻌ َﻤل اﻟ ﱠﺴﯿ‬
ِ ‫ واْﻟﺒر‬،‫اﻟرﻀﺎ ﺒِﺎْﻟﻌﻤ ِل اْﻟﺤﺴ ِن‬
َ ‫اءةُ ﻫ َﻲ اْﻟ َﻛَر‬ َ ََ َ َ َ ََ َ ‫ﻫ َﻲ ﱢ‬
ِ
‫ َوﺘُ َﺨﺎﻟِﻔُﻪُ َوﺘُﻔَ ِﺎرﻗُﻪُ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻌ َﻤ ُل ِﻤ َن‬،‫ﱠﺎﻟ ِﺢ َوﺘُ ِﺤﺒﱡﻪُ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻤﻌﻪ وﺘُو ِاﻓﻘُﻪ ﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟﻌﻤ ِل اﻟﺼ‬
ََ َ ُ َ َ ُ ُ ‫ت ﺘُ َﺠ‬
ِ ِ ‫اْﻟﻤؤ ِﻤن اﻟﱠِذي ﯿﻌﻤ ُل‬
َ ‫ َوأَْﻨ‬،‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤًﺎ َو َﺴﯿﱢﺌًﺎ‬ َ ََْ ْ ُ ُْ
ِ ‫ﱠﺎﻟﺤ‬ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﺎن ِﻓﻲ ِإْﻨﺴ ٍ ِ ٍ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﻓَﻬ َذا ﻤﺎ ﺴﺄَْﻟت ﻋ ِن اْﻟوﻻَﯿ ِﺔ واْﻟﺒر‬.‫ﱠﻲ ِء وﺘَ ْﻛرﻩ ﻟَﻪ َذِﻟ َك‬
‫ﺎت‬ َ ‫ َواﻟذ ْي ﻓْﯿﻪ اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔُر ﻟَْﯿ َس ﻓ ْﻲ َﺸ ْﻲء ﻤ َن اﻟﺼ‬.‫ﺎن َواﺤد‬ َ ْ ِ ‫اءة ﺘَ ْﺠﺘَﻤ َﻌ‬ َ ََ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ‫اﻟﺴ ﱢ‬
،‫ب اْﻟﻘَﺒِْﯿ َﺢ‬ ِ ‫ﱠﺎﻟﺤ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
َ ‫اﺠﺘََﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺎت َو‬ َ ‫ َواﻟذ ْي ﺘُﺤﺒﱡﻪُ َوﻻَ ﺘَ ْﻛَرﻩُ ﻤْﻨﻪُ َﺸْﯿﺌﺎً ﻓَﻬَُو اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤِﻤ ُن اﻟذ ْي َﻗ ْد َﻋﻤ َل ﺒِ َﺠﻤْﯿ ِﻊ اﻟﺼ‬.‫ﻀﻪُ َوﺘُﻔَ ِﺎرﻗُﻪُ ﻓ ْﻲ َﺠﻤْﯿ ِﻊ َذﻟ َك‬ ُ ‫َ ٕوِاﱠﻨ َك ﺘُْﺒﻐ‬
.ً‫ َوﻻَ ﺘَ ْﻛَرﻩُ ِﻤْﻨﻪُ َﺸْﯿﺌﺎ‬،ُ‫ب ُﻛ ﱠل َﺸ ْﻲ ٍء ِﻤْﻨﻪ‬ ‫ت ﺘُ ِﺤ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ﻓَﺄَْﻨ‬
ÒAve~ gyKvwZj e‡jb: IqvjvqvZ I evivAvZ: eÜzZ¡ I m¤úK©wQbœZvi e¨vL¨v Avgv‡K ejyb| GKB e¨w³i †¶‡Î wK
Dfq welq GKwÎZ n‡Z cv‡i? Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: ÔIqvjvqvZÕ A_© fvj Kv‡Ri cÖwZ mš‘wó Ges ÔevivAvZÕ A_©
Lvivc Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Amš‘wó ev AcQ›`| A‡bK mgq GKB gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î `ywU welq GKwÎZ nq Ges A‡bK mgq GKwÎZ
nq bv| †h gywgb e¨w³ cyY¨ I cvc Dfq Kg©B Ki‡Q Zvi cyY¨ K‡g©i wel‡q Zzwg Zvi mv‡_ GKwÎZ n‡e, HKgZ¨ †cvlY
Ki‡e Ges GRb¨ Zzwg Zv‡K fvjevm‡e| Avi †m †h Ab¨vq Kg© Ki‡Q †m Rb¨ Zzwg Zvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡e, Zvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ
n‡e Ges Zv AcQ›` Ki‡e| Giƒc e¨w³i †¶‡Î eÜzZ¡ I kÎ“Zv ev mš‘wó I Amš‘wó GKwÎZ n‡e, †h wel‡q Zzwg cÖkœ
K‡iQ| Avi hvi g‡a¨ Kzdi we`¨gvb †m †Kv‡bv †bKK‡g©i g‡a¨ †bB; Zzwg Zv‡K N„Yv Ki Ges me wel‡q Zvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ
_vK‡e| Avi hv‡K Zzwg fvjevm‡e Ges Zvi wKQzB AcQ›` Ki‡e bv †m H gywgb †h mKj †bK Kg© K‡i Ges cvc-Ab¨vq
eR©b K‡i| Giƒc gywg‡bi meB Zzwg fvjevm‡e Ges Zvi wKQzB AcQ›` Ki‡e bv| 440
G n‡jv fvjevmv I m¤úK©wQbœZvi wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ| GRb¨B Avjx (iv), mvnvex,
Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx BgvgMY LvwiRx‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ KL‡bvB Zv‡ì‡K Kvwd‡ii gZ N„Yv K‡ib
wb| hwÌ LvwiRxMY Zuv‡ì‡K Kvwdi e‡j N„Yv K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ Zuviv Zv K‡ib wb| eis Zv‡ì mv‡_ AvZ¥xqZv K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ hviv mr I mZ¨civqY wQ‡jb Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges nv`xm, wdKn, Zvdmxi BZ¨vwì eY©bvq Zv‡ì
Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb|
eZ©gvb gymwjg we‡k¦ Avgiv A‡b‡KB wb‡R‡ì‡K Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ ev mybœvZ I H‡Kï Abymvix e‡j
`vwe Ki‡jI we`ÔAvZ I wefw³i cÖwZB Avgv‡ì AvKl©Y †ewk| Cgvb, mvjvZ, hvKvZ, wmqvg, Bjg, KziAvb, ZvKIqv,
Avgj BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z Avgiv gymwjg‡ì‡K fvjevwm bv| eis `jxq gZvgZ I cwiP‡qi wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì‡K fvjevwm| ag©xq
¶z`ª¶z`ª †Mvôx‡Z Avgiv wef³| Avgvi `j, †Mvôxi †bZv ev ¸i“i ÒAbymvixÓ e¨w³ hw` Cgvb, Avgj I ZvKIqvq A‡bK
wcQ‡bI _v‡K Zvn‡jI †m Avgvi AwZ wcÖqRb| Avi wfbœ `j, gZ, †bZv ev ¸i“i Abymvix hw` Cgvb I ZvKIqvi wePv‡i
A‡bK fvjI nb ZeyI wZwb Avgvi kÎ“ ev AcQw›`Z|
Avevi Giƒc wefw³‡K `x‡bi iƒc †Ìqvi Rb¨ Avgiv A‡bK Z_vKw_Z ÒAvKx`vÓ ev ÒBev`Z-c×wZÓ D™¢veb
K‡iwQ, †h mKj AvKx`v ev c×wZi K_v KziAvb-nv`x‡m mivmwi †bB, Bgvg Avhgmn Pvi Bgvg ev Zvweqx I Zvwe-ZvweqxMY
wj‡Lb wb A_ev Zv gy¯—vnve ch©v‡qi †Kv‡bv Kg© gvÎ| G mKj wel‡qi ARynv‡Z Avgiv gyËvKx e¨w³‡K N„Yv Kwi Ges dvwmK
e¨w³‡K fvjevwm| me©ve¯’vq gywg‡bi Cgvb, dih-IqvwRe `vwqZ¡ cvjb, nvivg-gvKiƒn eR©b, Bjg, KziAvb BZ¨vwì †P‡q
ÒAvgvi g‡Zi mv‡_ kZfvM wgj _vKvÓ ev ÒAvgvi c×wZ‡Z Bev`Z cvjb KivÓ-‡KB Avgvi fvjevmvi g~jbxwZ evwb‡qwQ|
Gfv‡e Avgiv g~jZ ÒAvgvi cQ‡›ì wfwË‡Z fvjevmwQÓ wKš‘ G‡K Avevi ÒAvjvni Rb¨ fvjevmvÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiwQ|
gymwjg D¤§vni mKj wefw³, wdZbv I Ae¶‡qi Ab¨Zg Drm ÔZvKdxiÕ| Bgvg Avh‡gi mg‡q †hgb welqwU Ab¨Zg
wdZbv wQj, eZ©gv‡bI Zv GKBiƒc wdZbv| ivR‰bwZK gZev`, gZ‡f`, ag©xq gZcv_©K¨ BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y KL‡bv ev gymwjg‡ì‡K
mivmwi ÒKvwdiÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡”Q| ÒBmjv‡gi kÎ“Ó, ÒKziAv‡bi kÎ“Õ, Òbexi () kÎ“Ó, Òmybœv‡Zi kÎ“Ó, ÒIjx-
AvDwjqvi kÎ“Ó, ÒKvwd‡ii †P‡qI LvivcÓ, ÒKvwdi‡ì `vjvjÓ BZ¨vw` e‡j cÖ”Qbœ I †KŠkjx ZvKdxi Kiv n‡”Q| Gfv‡e Avgiv
gywgb‡K Kvwdi ejvi cv‡c, we‡Ø‡li cv‡c, `jv`wj I wefw³i cv‡c wjß nw”Q| m‡e©vcwi †R‡b ev bv †R‡b Bn~`x, L„÷vb I
KvwdiMY, hviv Bmjv‡gi cÖK…Z kÎ“ I cÖK…Z Kvwdi Zv‡ì ¯^v_©i¶v I Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× Zv‡ì lohš¿ Kvh©Ki Kivi cwi‡ek
ˆZwi KiwQ| Avgv‡ì DwPZ, cÖ‡Z¨‡K wb‡Ri g‡Z-c‡_ my`„p _vKvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZc¶ ev wfbœgZvej¤^x gymwjg‡K Kvwdi ejv
†_‡K weiZ _vwK, gZ ev K‡g©i mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡jI e¨w³, `j ev †Mvôxi cÖwZ ZvKdxi ev we‡Øl cÖPvi †_‡K weiZ _vwK Ges
mKj gymwj‡gi †n`vqvZ I bvRv‡Zi Rb¨ `yAv Kwi| gnvb Avjvn Avgv‡ì †ndvhZ Ki“b|
7. mybœvZ I we`ÔAvZ
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Contents
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb: Ò†gvRvØ‡qi Dci gvm&n Kiv (†gvQv) mybœvZ| Ges ivgv`vb gv‡mi
ivwÎ¸‡jv‡Z Zvivexn mybœvZ|Ó
Bgvg Avh‡gi G e³e¨wU Abyave‡bi Rb¨ mybœvZ cwifvlvwU cÖ_‡g eyS‡Z n‡e| Gici G welqwU AvKx`v cÖm‡½
D‡j‡Li KviY I e¨vL¨v Rvb‡Z n‡e|
mybœvZ k‡ãi A_© we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ ÒGnBqvDm mybvbÓ MÖ‡š’| GLv‡b AwZ-ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h,
AvwfavwbKfv‡e mybœvZ A_© Qwe, Kg©aviv, Rxebc×wZ ev ixwZ| Bmjvgx kixq‡Z ÔmybœvZÕ A_© ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi K_v, Kg©,
Aby‡gv`b ev GK K_vq Zuvi mvgwMÖK Rxebv`k©| mybœv‡Zi `ywU A_© cÖPwjZ| GK A‡_© mybœvZ dih-IqvwR‡ei cieZx© ch©v‡qi
Bev`Z| mybœv‡Zi wØZxq A_© ivm~jyjvn -Gi ixwZ I c×wZ| nv`x‡m ÔmybœvZÕ kãwU G A‡_©B eëüZ n‡q‡Q| ms‡¶‡c Avgiv
ej‡Z cvwi †h, K‡g© I eR©‡b ivm~jyjvn -Gi ûeû AbyKiYB mybœvZ| ivm~jyjvn  †h Kg© †hfv‡e hZUzKz K‡i‡Qb †m Kg©
†mfv‡e ZZUzKz Kiv Ges wZwb †h KvR K‡ib wb- A_©vr eR©b K‡i‡Qb- Zv bv KivB mybœvZ| †h Kg© hZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q cvjb
K‡i‡Qb Zv ZZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q cvjb Kiv, †h Kg© hZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q eR©b K‡i‡Qb Zv ZZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q eR©b Kiv| GK
K_vq K‡g© I eR©‡b, ¸i“‡Z¡ I c×wZ‡Z ûeû ivm~jyjvn -Gi AbyKiYB mybœvZ| mvnvexMY Ges cieZ©x `y-cÖR‡b¥i Kg© I
eR©bI mybœvZ-Gi Aš—f©y³| 441
K_vq, K‡g©, eR©‡b, ¸i“‡Z¡ ev c×wZ‡Z ivm~jyjvn -Gi e¨wZµg Kiv ÒwLjv‡d mybœvZÓ ev Òmybœv‡Zi e¨wZµgÓ|
wZwb hv K‡i‡Qb Zv bv Kiv A_ev wZwb hv K‡ib wb Zv Kiv mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg (wLjv‡d mybœvZ)| mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg ev mybœvZ
we‡ivax Kg© êa n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ `xb n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb hv K‡i‡Qb Zv eR©b Kiv Ges wZwb hv K‡ib wb Zv Kiv kixq‡Zi
Ab¨vb¨ wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡K Rv‡qh ev êa n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e KL‡bvB Zv `x‡bi Ask n‡Z cv‡i bv|
mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv AvKx`v ev Kg©‡K `x‡bi Ask g‡b Kiv‡K we`ÔAvZ e‡j| Avjvni mš‘wói D‡Ï‡k¨B weÀv‡Zi
D™¢veb nq| Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ق ِرَﻋ َﺎﯿﺘِﻬَﺎ‬
‫ان اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﻓَ َﻤﺎ َرَﻋ ْو َﻫﺎ َﺤ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﻀ َو‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم إِﻻ ْاﺒﺘ َﻐ‬
ْ ‫ﺎء ِر‬ ِ
َ ‫َوَرْﻫَﺒﺎﻨﱠﯿﺔً ْاﺒﺘَ َد ُﻋ‬
َ ‫وﻫﺎ َﻤﺎ َﻛﺘَْﺒَﻨ‬
ÒwKš‘ mbœ¨vmev`- Zviv Avjvni mš‘wó jv‡fi Rb¨ Zv D™¢veb K‡iwQj, Avwg Zv‡ì‡K Gi weavb †`B wb, A_P ZvI
Zviv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i wb|Ó442
nv`x‡m Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv cÖKvi D™¢veb ev bZzb welq cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv‡K Òwe`ÔAvZÓ (be-D™¢veb), ÒBn`vmÓ
(bZzb evbv‡bv), ÒmybœvZ AcQ›`Ó I ÒwbR cQ‡›ì AbymiYÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges we`ÔAvZ‡K mKj weåvwš—i g~j
e‡j D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| evisevi we`ÔAvZ I weÀv‡Z wjß gvbyl‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvgx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
KziAvb, mybœv‡Z beex I mybœv‡Z mvnvevi e¨wZµg ev AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv welq‡K `xb ev AvKx`vi AšÍf©~³ Kiv‡KB Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdv weÀvZ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ, wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Òwelq †Zv ïay ZvB hv KziAvb wb‡q G‡m‡Q,
ivm~jyjøvn  hvi `vIqvZ w`‡q‡Qb Ges gvbyl‡ì `j-wdiKvq wef³ nIqvi Av‡M Zuvi mvnvexMY hvi Dc‡i wQ‡jb| G¸‡jv
Qvov hv wKQz Av‡Q meB be-D™¢vweZ weÀvZ|Ó G wel‡q ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ MÖ‡š’ wZwb e‡jb:
ِ ‫ث َﺤ َدﺜﺎً ِﻓﻲ‬
َ ‫اﻹ ْﺴﻼَِم َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﻫﻠَ َك َو َﻤ ِن ْاﺒﺘَ َد‬
ً‫ع ﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺎل رﺴو ُل‬ ِ ‫ﺎد ﻋ ْن إِْﺒر‬
َ َ‫اﻫْﯿ َم َﻋ ِن ْاﺒ ِن َﻤ ْﺴ ُﻌ ْوٍد ﻗ‬ ِ
ْ َ ‫ َو َﻤ ْن أَ ْﺤ َد‬: ‫اﷲ‬ ْ ُ َ َ َ‫ ﻗ‬:‫ﺎل‬ َ َ ٌ ‫َﺤ ﱠدﺜَﻨ ْﻲ َﺤ ﱠﻤ‬
‫ إِ ﱠن َﺸﱠر اﻷُ ُﻤ ْوِر ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَﺎﺘُﻬَﺎ َو ُﻛ ﱡل‬:‫ﺎن َﯿﻘُ ْو ُل‬ ِ ٌ ‫ َو َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ َﺤ ﱠﻤ‬... ‫ﻀ ﱠل َﻓِﻔ ْﻲ اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر‬
َ ‫ أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻛ‬ ‫ﺎد َﻋ ْن ِإْﺒ َراﻫْﯿ َم َﻋ ِن ْاﺒ ِن َﻤ ْﺴ ُﻌ ْوٍد‬ َ ‫ﻀ ﱠل َو َﻤ ْن‬ َ ‫ﻓَ َﻘ ْد‬
.‫ﻀﻼَﻟَ ٍﺔ ِﻓ ْﻲ اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر‬ َ ‫ﻀﻼَﻟَﺔٌ َو ُﻛ ﱡل‬
ٍ ٍ
َ ‫ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَﺔ ﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔٌ َو ُﻛ ﱡل ﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔ‬
ÒAvgv‡K nv¤§v` Beivnxg †_‡K Beb gvmE` (iv) †_‡K, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb: †h e¨w³ Bmjv‡gi
g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv bZzb welq D™¢veb Ki‡e †m aŸsm n‡e| Avi †h †Kv‡bv we`ÔAvZ D™¢veb Ki‡e †m weåvš— n‡e| Avi †h weåvš—
n‡e †m Rvnvbœvgx n‡e|... Avi Avgv‡K nv¤§v` Beivnxg †_‡K, Beb gvmE` (iv) †_‡K, wZwb ej‡Zb: wbðq Kv‡Ri g‡a¨
me‡P‡q Lvivc bZzb D™¢vweZ KvR, cÖ‡Z¨K bZzb D™¢vweZ KvRB we`ÔAvZ, cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÔAvZB weåvwš— Ges cÖ‡Z¨K weåvwš—B
Rvnvbœvgx|Ó 443
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ, †h Kg© ev wek¦vm ivm~jyjvn  I Zuvi mvnvexMY `xb ev Bev`Z wn‡m‡e cvjb K‡ib wb Zv‡K
`xb, Bev`Z ev mvIqv‡ei Kg© e‡j g‡b Kiv we`ÔAvZ| GLv‡b weÀv‡Zi K‡qKwU êwkó¨ ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL KiwQ| we¯—vwiZ
Rvb‡Z cvVK‡K ÔGnBqvDm mybvbÕ MÖš’ cvV Ki‡Z Aby‡iva KiwQ|
(K) weÀvZ GKvš—B avwg©K‡ì cvc| avwg©K Qvov †KD weÀv‡Z wjß nq bv| weÀvZB GKgvÎ cvc hv gvbyl cyY¨
g‡b K‡i cvjb K‡i|
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(L) †Kv‡bv Kg© weÀvZ e‡j MY¨ nIqvi kZ© Zv‡K Bev`Z g‡b Kiv| †hgb GKRb gvbyl ùvwo‡q, jvwd‡q ev
bZ©bKz`©b K‡i whKi ev ì“`-mvjvg co‡Qb| Giƒc ùvov‡bv, jvdv‡bv ev bZ©b-Kz`©b kixq‡Z g~jZ wbwl× bq| †KD hw`
RvMwZK Kvi‡Y Giƒc K‡ib Zv cvc bq| ùvov‡bv ev bZ©b Kz`©‡bi mgq whKi ev ì“`-mvjvg cvV cvc bq| ì“`-mvjvg ev
whK‡ii mgq †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y ev Awbqwš¿Z Av‡e‡M ùvov‡bv ev jvdv‡bv cvc bq| wKš‘ hLb †KD Ôùvov‡bvÕ, Ôjvdv‡bvÕ ev ÔbZ©b-
Kz`©bÕ-‡K `xb, Bev`Z ev Bev`‡Zi Ask wn‡m‡e wek¦vm K‡ib ZLb Zv weÀv‡Z cwiYZ nq| Bev`Z g‡b Kivi A_©: (1) whKi
ev ì“`-mvjvg ùvov‡bv ev jvdv‡bv e¨wZ‡i‡K cvjb Kivi †P‡q ùvov‡bv ev jvdv‡bv-mn cvjb Kiv DËg, AwaK Avè, AwaK
mvIqve ev AwaK eiKZ e‡j g‡b Kiv ev (2) ùvov‡bv ev jvdv‡bv Qvov whKi ev ì“`-mvjvg cvjb Ki‡Z A¯^w¯— Abyfe Kivi
Kvi‡Y Gc×wZ‡Z G mKj Bev`Z cvjb‡K ixwZ‡Z cwiYZ Ki|
(M) nv`xm kix‡d weÀv‡Zi K‡qKwU cwiYwZi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q: (1) Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| A_©vr G Kg© Avjvn Keyj
Ki‡Qb bv Ges GRb¨ †Kv‡bv mvIqve n‡”Q bv| (2) Zv weåvwš—| KviY wZwb †R‡b ev bv-†R‡b ivm~jyjvn  I mvnvexM‡Yi
Bev`Z‡K Ac~Y© e‡j g‡b Ki‡Qb| (3) weÀvZ Ab¨vb¨ Bev`Z Keyj nIqvi c‡_ cÖwZeÜK| (4) weÀv‡Z mybœvZ AcQ›`
I mybœv‡Zi g„Zz¨|
(N) weÀv‡Zi me‡P‡q fq¼i w`K Zv mybœv‡Zi cÖwZ AeÁv m„wó K‡i| weÀv‡Z wjß e¨w³ wb‡R‡K mybœx ev Avnj~m
mybœvZ g‡b K‡ib| †h mybœvZ¸‡jv Zvi weÀv‡Zi cÖwZc¶ bq †m¸wj wZwb cvjb ev gneŸZ K‡ib| Z‡e Zuvi cvwjZ
weÀvZ mswkó mybœvZ‡K wZwb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Dc‡ii D`vniYwU we‡ePbv Ki“b| †h e¨w³ ùvwo‡q ev jvwd‡q whKi
ev mvjvg cvjb Ki‡Qb wZwb ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb †h, ivm~jyjvn  ev mvnvexMY ùvwo‡q ev jvwd‡q whKi ev mvjvg cvjb K‡i‡Qb
ev Ki‡Z Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb e‡j wZwb †Kv_vI †`‡Lb wb| wZwb ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb †h, ivm~jyjvn  I mvnvexMY e‡me‡m whKi,
ì“` I mvjvg cvV Ki‡Zb e‡j wZwb A‡bK nv`xm †_‡K †R‡b‡Qb| ZviciI wZwb e‡m whKi ev ì“`-mvjvg cvj‡b
A¯^w¯—‡eva Ki‡eb| wewfbœ Ô`jxjÕ w`‡q G mKj Bev`Z e‡m cvj‡bi †P‡q ùvwo‡q ev †b‡P cvjb Kiv DËg e‡j cÖgv‡Yi
†Póv Ki‡eb|
Zvi weÀvZ‡K cÖgvY Ki‡Z wZwb A‡bK AcÖvmw½K `jxj †ck Ki‡eb Ges mybœvZ-cÖgvwYZ c×wZ‡K AeÁv Ki‡Z
wZwb ej‡eb: ÔmewKQz wK mybœvZ gZ nq? d¨vb, gvBK... KZ wKQzB †Zv bZzb| Bev`ZwU GKUz bZzb c×wZ‡K Ki‡j mgm¨v
Kx? Dciš‘ mybœv‡Zi ûeû AbymiY K‡i e‡me‡m ì“`, mvjvg I whKi cvjbKvixi cÖwZ Kg ev †ewk AeÁv Abyfe Ki‡eb|
(O) ZvInx‡ì wek¦v‡mi NvUwZ †_‡K wki‡Ki DrcwË Ges wimvjv‡Zi wek¦v‡mi NvUwZ †_‡K weÀv‡Zi DrcwË|
weÀvZ g~jZ gynv¤§v` -Gi wimvjv‡Zi mv‡_ Ab¨ KvD‡K kixK Kiv ev wimvjv‡Zi c~Y©Zvq Abv¯’v| wki‡K wjß e¨w³
†hgb wkiK mswkó wel‡q ÔMvBi“jvnÕ (Avjvn Qvov Ab¨)-Gi cÖwZ ü`‡qi Av¯’v AwaK Abyfe K‡ib †Zgwb weÀv‡Z wjß
e¨w³ weÀv‡Zi †¶‡Î ÔMvBi“bœexÕ (bex Qvov Ab¨)-Gi AbymiY-AbyKi‡Y AwaK ¯^w¯— †eva K‡ib| wZwb me©`v mswkó wel‡q
Ôme wKQz wK bexi ZixKvq nq?Õ e‡j Ges bvbvwea Ô`jxjÕ w`‡q BwËev‡q ivm~j  ¸i“Z¡nxb ev Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖgvY Ki‡Z
m‡Pó _v‡Kb| cvkvcvwk Zvi ÔweÀvZÕ Avgj ev c×wZ‡K DËg cÖgvY Ki‡Z ÔMvBi“bœexÕ A_©vr wewfbœ eyRy‡M©i K‡g©i cÖgvY
cÖ`vb K‡ib|
(P) mKj cv‡ci †¶‡Î gywgb Rv‡bb †h wZwb cvc Ki‡Qb; d‡j ZvIevi GKwU m¤¢vebv _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i weÀvZ
cvjbKvix Zvi weÀvZ‡K †bK Avgj g‡b K‡iB cvjb K‡ib| Kv‡RB Gi Rb¨ ZvIevi K_v wZwb KíbvI K‡ib bv|
GRb¨ kqZvb weÀvZ‡KB me‡P‡q †ewk cQ›` K‡i|
(Q) weÀv‡Zi Ab¨ Aciva Zv mybœvZ nZ¨v K‡i| mybœvZ ewnf©yZ †Kv‡bv Kg© ev c×wZ Bev`‡Z cwiYZ nIqvi A_©
mswkó gvmb~b Bev`Z ev c×wZi g„Zz¨| whwb ùvwo‡q ev jvwd‡q whKi ev mvjvg cvV DËg e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Qb ivm~jyjvn  I
mvnvexM‡Yi c×wZ‡Z e‡m whKi ev mvjvg Zuvi Rxeb †_‡K nvwi‡q hv‡e| mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡liv hLb Gfv‡e Bev`ZwU
cvjb Ki‡Z _vK‡eb ZLb mgvR †_‡KI mybœvZwU AcmvwiZ n‡e|
(R) we`ÔAvZ Òmybœv‡Zi wLjvdÓ n‡jI, Ò`jx‡ji wLjvdÓ bq| mKj we`ÔAvZB Ò`jxjÓ wbf©i| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `jxj
Qvov †Kv‡bv we`ÔAvZ D™¢vweZ nq bv| `jxj Qvov hv D™¢veb Kiv nq Zv `xb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| Ô`jxjÕ bv‡gi
†Kv‡bv wKQz _vK‡jB ïay mybœvn we‡ivax †Kv‡bv AvKx`v ev Avgj‡K Ô`xbÕ-Gi Ask evbv‡bv hvq| Avjvgv Beb byRvBg (790 wn)
e‡jb:
‫ َو َﻋﱠرﻓَﻬَﺎ اﻟ ﱡﺸ ُﻤﱢﻨ ﱡﻲ ﺒِﺄَﱠﻨﻬَﺎ‬.ُ‫ﺎن ِﻤ ْﻨﻪ‬
ٌ‫ﺼ‬ ِ ‫ﺎدةٌ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱢد‬
َ ‫ﯿن أ َْو ُﻨ ْﻘ‬ َ ‫ت َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َو ِزَﯿ‬
ْ ‫َﺤ َدﺜَﻪُ ﺜُﱠم َﻏﻠََﺒ‬ َ ‫اﺴ ٌم ِﻤ ْن ْاﺒﺘَ َد‬
ْ ‫ع اﻷ َْﻤ َر إ َذا ْاﺒﺘَ َدأَﻩُ َوأ‬ ِ
ْ ... ‫ا ْﻟﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺎن وﺠ ِﻌ َل ِد ًﯿﻨﺎ ﻗَ ِوﯿﻤﺎ و‬ ِ ‫ﺎل ﺒَِﻨوِع ُﺸ ْﺒﻬ ٍﺔ و‬ٍ ‫ ِﻤ ْن ِﻋ ْﻠٍم أَو َﻋﻤ ٍل أَو َﺤ‬ ‫ول اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ق ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﻠَﻘﱠﻰ َﻋ ْن رﺴ‬ ِ ِ َ ‫ُﺤ ِد‬
‫طﺎ‬
ً ‫ﺼ َار‬ َ ً ُ َ ٍ ‫اﺴﺘ ْﺤ َﺴ‬ ْ َ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َُ ُ ‫ث َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺨﻼف ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬ ْ ‫َﻤﺎ أ‬
.‫ﯿﻤﺎ‬ ِ
ً ‫ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَﻘ‬
Òwe`ÔAvZ kãwU... ÔBeZv`ÔAvÕ wdÕj †_‡K M„nxZ Bmg| Gi A_© ïi“ Kiv ev D™¢veb Kiv| AZtci `x‡bi g‡a¨
ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvRb A‡_© we`ÔAvZ kãwUi eënvi cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i|Õ ïgybœx we`ÔAv‡Zi msÁvq e‡jb: Ôivm~jyjvn  †_‡K
M„nxZ m‡Zï e¨wZµg †h Ávb-gZ, Kg© ev Ae¯’v KziAvb-mybœvni e³e¨ fyj eySvi Kvi‡Y Ges ÔgymZvnmvbÕ ev fvj g‡b K‡i
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D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges hv‡K mwVK `xb I wmiv‡Z gy¯—vKxg evwb‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ZvB we`ÔAvZÕ|Ó444
GRb¨ Avgiv †`wL †h, mKj weåvš— `jB KziAvb-nv`xm †_‡K `jxj cÖ`vb K‡i, Z‡e Zviv mybœvZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| G mKj `jxj w`‡q Zviv Ggb GKwU K_v ev Kg© `x‡bi Ask e‡j `vwe K‡i, hv KL‡bv ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb wb ev
K‡ib wb| B‡Zvc~‡e© weåvš— †Mvôx‡ì AvKx`vq Avgiv Zv †`‡LwQ| `y-GKwU welq ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|
KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Ò†Kv‡bv wKQzB Avjvni mv‡_ Zzjbxq bqÓ| wKš‘ †Kv_vI ejv nq wb †h, Avjvn K_v e‡jb wek¦vm
Ki‡j Zuv‡K m„wói mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq| G Qvov †Kv_vI ejv nq wb †h, KziAvb m„ó| gyZvwhjxMY KzivAv‡bi Ò`jxjÓ w`‡q Ggb
GKwU gZ D™¢veb K‡i hv KL‡bvB KziAvb-nv`x‡m ejv nq wb| Gici Zviv G D™¢vweZ gZwU‡K `x‡bi Ask evwb‡q †bq| †KD
hw` KziAv‡bi K_v¸wj ûeû wek¦vm K‡ib Ges kZ‡KvwUevi ¯^xKvi K‡ib ZeyI Zviv Zv‡K gywgb e‡j ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z ivwh nq wb;
hZ¶Y bv †h Zv‡ì D™¢vweZ K_vwU ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zv|
KziAvb m¤ú‡K© Avjvn e‡j‡Qb:
ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ُ‫إِﱠﻨﺎ َﺠ َﻌْﻠَﻨﺎﻩُ ﻗُْرآًَﻨﺎ َﻋ َرﺒِﯿ�ﺎ ﻟَ َﻌﻠ ُﻛ ْم ﺘَ ْﻌﻘﻠ‬
‫ون‬
ÒAvwg G‡K evwb‡qwQ Aviex KziAvb; hv‡Z †Zvgiv Zv eyS‡Z cvi|Ó 445
gyZvwhjxMY `vwe KiZ †h, Òevbv‡bvÓ A_©B m„wó Kiv; Kv‡RB KziAvb m„ó| Zv‡ì G `jxj wfwËnxb| (‫ )ﺠﻌل‬ev evbv‡bv
A_© KL‡bv Òm„wóÓ Kiv n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Gi g~j A_© GKwU we‡kl iƒc †Ìqv| A_©vr Avjvn Zuvi Kvjvg KziAvb‡K Aviexiƒ‡c
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Avjvn n¯—xevwnbxi wel‡q e‡j‡Qb:
ٍ ‫ﻓَﺠﻌﻠَﻬم َﻛﻌ‬
ٍ ‫ف ﻤ ْﺄ ُﻛ‬
‫ول‬ َ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ َ ُْ َ َ
ÒwZwb Zv‡ì‡K fw¶Z km¨cvZvi gZ evbv‡jb|Ó 446
Gi A_© G bq †h, wZwb Zv‡ì‡K fw¶Z km¨cvZvi b¨vq m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb, eis wZwb Zv‡ì‡K fw¶Z km¨cvZvi iƒc
w`‡qwQ‡jb|
j¶Yxq †h, gyZvwhjxMY Zv‡ì D™¢vweZ A_©‡KB `xb evwb‡q †bq| ÒAvjvn KziAvb‡K Aviex‡Z m„wó K‡i‡QbÓ- G
K_vwU ejv I wek¦vm Kiv‡K Zviv `xb g‡b K‡i‡Q; Kv‡RB †KD hw` kZ‡KvwUevi e‡jb †h, ÒAvjvn KziAvb‡K Aviex
evwb‡q‡QbÓ wKš‘ Zv‡ì D™¢vweZ K_vwU bv e‡j Z‡e Zv‡K gywgb ev cÖK…Z gywgb e‡j gvb‡Z ivwh nq wb|
ivm~jyjvn (), Avjx (iv) I Avjx-es‡ki BgvgM‡Yi MvBex Bjg I ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© kxqvM‡Yi AvKx`vI Abyiƒc|
ÒBgvgMYÓ wel‡q AwZfw³B kxqvM‡Yi g~j †cÖiYv| Z‡e ivm~jyjvn ()-‡K ev` w`‡q †Zv Avi Zuv‡ì‡K ÔAvwjgyj MvBeÕ evbv‡bv
hvq bv| ZvB Zviv Zuv‡ì mK‡ji Rb¨ mvgwMÖK Bjg MvBe Ges BgvgM‡Yi Abymvix ÒIjxÓ ev LjxdvM‡Yi Rb¨ AvswkK Bjg
MvBe `vex K‡ib| kxqvM‡Yi cÖfv‡e g~javivi Abymvix A‡bK gymwjg Avwjg I mvaviY gvbylI cieZ©x hy‡M G ai‡bi AvKx`v
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì G AvKx`v ÒD™¢vweZÓ; KviY G wel‡q Zviv hv e‡jb Zv KL‡bvB Gfv‡e KziAvb Kvix‡g ev mnxn nv`x‡m
ewY©Z nq wb| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wKQz e³‡eï we‡kl e¨vL¨v Ges AMwYZ ev‡bvqvU K_v, Mí I Kvwnbxi Dci wfwË K‡i Zviv Giƒc
AvKx`v D™¢veb K‡ib| ÔBmjvgx AvKx`vÕ I Ônv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZÕ MÖš’Ø‡q G welq we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h, KziAvb-nv`x‡m evievi ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Avjvn Qvov †KD MvBe Rv‡bb bv, GKgvÎ AvjvnB
Avwjgyj MvBe, ivm~jyjvn () I Ab¨vb¨ bex-ivm~j MvBe Rvb‡Zb bv, wKqvg‡Zi w`b Zuviv mK‡j GKwÎZfv‡e G mv¶¨ cÖ`vb
Ki‡eb| Gi wecix‡Z †Kv_vI ejv nq wb †h, ivm~jyjvn () ev Ab¨ †KD ÒMvB‡ei ÁvbxÓ ev ÒAvwjgyj MvBeÓ| Z‡e Avjvn
Inxi gva¨‡g Zuv‡K ÔMvB‡ei msev`Õ Rvwb‡q‡Qb, AZxZ-fwel¨‡Zi I A`„k¨ RM‡Zi welqvw` Zuv‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb| kxqvMY I
Zv‡ì AbymvixMY ÔMvB‡ei A‡bK msev` Rvbv‡bvÕ-‡K ÒMvB‡ei mKj Ávb cÖ`vbÓ A‡_© e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Gici G e¨vL¨vi
wfwË‡Z KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Ø¨_©nxb AMwYZ e³e¨ evwZj K‡i‡Qb| m‡e©vcwi Zviv Zv‡ì ÒD™¢vweZÓ e¨vL¨v‡K Ò`xbÓ evwb‡q‡Qb|
†KD hw` KziAvb-nv`x‡mi G welqK mKj wb‡`©k mij A‡_© wek¦vm K‡i wKš‘ Zv‡ì ÒD™¢vweZÓ e¨vL¨v MÖnY bv K‡i Z‡e Zviv
Zv‡K ÔgywgbÕ ev ÔLuvwU gywgbÕ gvb‡Z ivwR bb|
gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡b ivmyjyjvn ()-‡K kvwn`/kvnx` (‫ ﺸﻬﯿد‬/‫ )ﺸﺎﻫد‬e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|447 Gi A_© cÖgvY, mv¶x ev
P46F P
Dcw¯’Z| G RvZxq AvqvZ w`‡q Zuviv `vwe K‡ib †h, wZwb m`vme©`v D¤§v‡Zi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU ÒnvwhiÓ ev Dcw¯’Z, ÒcÖZ¨¶`kx©
mv¶xÓ, mewKQz †`L‡Qb, ïb‡Qb Ges mKj MvB‡ei K_v Rv‡bb|
GLv‡bI gyZvwhjx‡ì c×wZ j¶Yxq| kvwn` ev kvnx` kãØq KL‡bv ÒDcw¯’ZÓ A‡_© eëüZ n‡jI AwaKvsk mgq
cÖgvY ev mv¶x wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| KziAv‡b evievi mKj gywgb‡K gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ Òkvnx`Ó ejv n‡q‡Q 448; G‡Z cÖgvwYZ
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Contents
nq bv †h, mKj gywgb ÔAvwjgyj MvBeÕ ev Òm`v-me©`v me©Î Dcw¯’ZÓ I ÒcÖZ¨¶`k©x mv¶xÓ| hw` †KD wek¦vm I
¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, ivm~jyjvn () kvwn` I kvnx`, wKš‘ wZwb Zv‡ì we‡kl A_©wU ¯^xKvi bv K‡ib Zvn‡j Zviv Zv‡K ÔgywgbÕ
ev Ôc~Y© gywgbÕ e‡j gvb‡Z ivwh bb|
ivm~jyjvn (), dvwZgv (iv), Avjx (iv) I Zuvi es‡ki BgvgMY Òb~iÓ Øviv m„ó wQ‡jb e‡j kxqvM‡Yi AvKx`vI Abyiƒc|
cieZ©x‡Z mvaviY ÒA-kxqvÓ gymwjg mgv‡RI G AvKx`v AbycÖ‡ek K‡i| kxqvMY G wel‡q A‡bK Rvj nv`xm ˆZwi I cÖPvi
K‡i|449 G¸‡jvB Zv‡ì ÒAvKx`vÓ-i g~j wfwË| cvkvcvwk Zviv KziAv‡bi wKQz evYxi Kw_Z ÒZvdmxiÓ-‡K `x‡bi Ask evwb‡q
†bq| †hgb, Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﻀو َاﻨﻪُ ﺴُﺒ َل اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺎب ﻤﺒِ ٌ ِ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﻼم‬ ُ َ ْ ‫ﯿن َﯿ ْﻬدي ﺒِﻪ اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻤ ِن اﺘﱠَﺒ َﻊ ِر‬ ُ ٌ َ‫ور َوﻛﺘ‬
ٌ ‫ﺎء ُﻛ ْم ﻤ ْن اﻟﻠﻪ ُﻨ‬
َ ‫ﻗَ ْد َﺠ‬
ÒAvjvni wbKU n‡Z GK b~i I ¯úó wKZve †Zvgv‡ì wbKU G‡m‡Q, hv w`‡q †n`vqZ K‡ib Avjvn †h Zuvi mš‘wói
AbymiY K‡i Zv‡K kvwš—i c‡_...|Ó450
wØZxq Avqv‡Z Òhv w`‡qÓ evK¨vs‡k GKeP‡bi eënvi †_‡K my¯úó †h b~i I wKZve ej‡Z GKwUB welq eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q,
A_©vr Avj-KziAvb| G Qvov KziAv‡b Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, KziAvbB b~i hv w`‡q Avjvn gvbyl‡ì‡K †n`vqvZ K‡ib|451
GiciI †KD †KD e‡j‡Qb †h, GLv‡b b~i A_© gynv¤§v` |452
kxqvMY Zv‡ì c×wZ‡Z gvbexq Zvdmxi‡K Inxi gvb cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gici G Zvdmx‡ii Avevi ÔZvdmxiÕ K‡i
e‡jb: gynv¤§v` -†K b~i ejvi A_© wZwb b~‡ii ˆZwi| Gici Giƒc ÔZvdmx‡ii Zvdmxi‡KÕ Zviv AvKx`vi g~j wfwË wn‡m‡e
MÖnY K‡ib| GgbwK hw` †KD e‡jb †h, Avwg gynv¤§v` ()-‡K b~i e‡j gvwb, Z‡e b~‡ii ˆZwi e‡j gvwb bv, KviY KziAv‡b
ev Zvdmx‡i Zv ejv nq wb, ZeyI Zviv Zv‡K gywgb ev cÖK…Z gywgb e‡j gvb‡Z ivwR bb|
m‡e©vcwi Zviv Avjøvni mËv ev we‡klY‡K m„wóRM‡Zi b~i ev Av‡jvi gZ Kíbv K‡i ivm~jyjøvn () I Zuvi eskai‡K
Avjøvni mËv ev we‡kl‡Yi Ask e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib; wVK †hfv‡e L„÷vbMY Zv‡ì g~j AvKx`v bvBmxb µxW (Nicene creed)-G Cmv
(Av) †K Avjøvni mËv †_‡K m„ó ((of the same substance/ substance of the Father) I b~‡ii ˆZwi b~i (light of light) e‡j wek¦vm Kiv
eva¨Zvg~jK e‡j‡Qb|
ivm~jyjvn  I BgvgM‡Yi ev IjxM‡Yi MvBex I A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv welqK Zv‡ì AvKx`vI Gfv‡e D™¢vweZ weÀvZ|
Avjvni wmdvZ, ZvK`xi, ZvKdxi, mvnvexMY, Avnjy evBZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Rvngx, gyZvwhjx, kxqv, LvwiRx BZ¨vw` m¤cÖ`v‡qi
AvKx`v meB Giƒc ÔD™¢vweZÕ ev weÀvZ AvKx`v|
8. †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv
†gvRv eySv‡Z Aviex‡Z `ywU kã i‡q‡Q: Lyd&d (‫ )اﻟﺨف‬A_©vr Pvgovi †gvRv Ges RvIive (‫ )اﻟﺠورب‬A_©vr Kvco, ckg
BZ¨vwì †gvRv| ÔRvIiveÕ-Gi Dci ivm~jyjøvn () gvmn K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvnvex Zv
K‡i‡Qb| welqwU wb‡q dKxnMY gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg gynv¤§v` D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g‡Z ÔRvIiveÕ-Gi
Dci gvmn Kiv êa bq| Bgvg Ave~ BDmyd I gynv¤§v‡ì g‡Z ÔRvIiveÕ hw` cyiæ nq, cv‡qi Pvgov cÖKvk bv K‡i Z‡e Zvi Dci
gvmn Kiv êa| Bgvg hvBjvqx D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, Bgvg Avhg g„Zzï c~‡e© wbR gZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i Zuvi QvÎØ‡qi gZ MÖnY
K‡ib| 453 P452 F
cÿvšÍ‡i eûmsL¨K nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Ihy Ae¯’vq Pvgovi †gvRv cwiavb Kiv n‡j ivm~jyjvn  Ih~ Kivi mgq
†gvRv bv Ly‡j †gvRvi Dci Av`ª nvZ eywj‡q gy‡Q wb‡Zb ev gvm&n Ki‡Zb| wZwb ¯^M„‡n Ae¯’vbKvixi Rb¨ 24 NÈv Ges
gymvwd‡ii Rb¨ 72 N›Uv ch©š— Giƒc gvm&n Kivi AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb|
LvwiRxMY †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kivi êaZv A¯^xKvi K‡ib| kxqvMY †gvRvwenxb c`hyMj gvmn Kiv êa e‡jb| welqwU
K‡g©i, AvKx`vi welq bq| Z‡e Pvgovi †gvRvi Dci gvm&n gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ| Giƒc wel‡qi êaZv A¯^xKvi
Kivi A_© ivm~jyjvn  †_‡K m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ GKwU Kg©‡K A‰ea e‡j g‡b Kiv, wb‡R‡ì‡K Zuvi †P‡qI †ewk gyËvKx I
KziAvb eySvi †¶‡Î wb‡R‡ì‡K Zuvi †P‡q cvi½g e‡j g‡b Kiv| G¸wj meB Kzd‡ii bvgvš—i| GRb¨B Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I
Ab¨vb¨ Bgvg welqwU AvKx`vi g‡a¨ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
GLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb †h, Lyd&d ev Pvgovi †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv mybœvZ| Iwmq¨vn MÖ‡š’ wZwb G‡K
IqvwRe e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ ﻓَ َﻤ ْن أَْﻨ َﻛَرﻩُ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ ُﯿ ْﺨ َﺸﻰ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ‬،‫ث َوَرَد َﻫ َﻛ َذا‬
َ ‫َن اْﻟ َﺤِدْﯿ‬
‫ َوﻟِْﻠ ُﻤ َﺴ ِﺎﻓ ِر ﺜَﻼَﺜَﺔَ أَﱠﯿ ٍﺎم َوﻟََﯿﺎﻟِْﯿﻬَﺎ؛ ﻷ ﱠ‬،ً‫ب ﻟِْﻠ ُﻤِﻘْﯿِم َﯿ ْوﻤﺎً َوﻟَْﯿﻠَﺔ‬ ِ ‫وُﻨِﻘﱡر ﺒِﺄَ ﱠن اْﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺢ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ ُﺨﻔﱠْﯿ ِن و‬
ٌ ‫اﺠ‬ َ َ َ
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.‫ب ِﻤ َن اْﻟ َﺨَﺒ ِر اْﻟ ُﻤﺘََواﺘِ ِر‬

ٌ ‫اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔُر؛ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻗَ ِرْﯿ‬
ÒwbR M„‡n Ae¯’vbKvix ev gyKx‡gi Rb¨ GK w`b GK ivZ I gymvwd‡ii Rb¨ wZb w`b wZb ivwÎ †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv
IqvwRe e‡j Avgiv ¯^xKvi Kwi| KviY nv`x‡m GiƒcB ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hw` †KD Zv A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e Zvi Kvwdi nIqvi
Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| KviY Zv gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm nIqvi wbKUeZ©x|Ó454
A_©vr, †gvRvi Dci gvm&n Kiv ivm~jyjøvn ()ÑGi Rxeb-c×wZ I Bev`Z c×wZi Ask| wZwb †hfv‡e hZUzKz ¸i“Z¡
w`‡q Zv K‡i‡Qb, †mfv‡e ZZUKz ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q Zv MÖnY Kiv mybœvZ| G‡K mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ êa Kg© wn‡m‡e wek¦vm Kiv IqvwRe|
†gvRvi Dci gvm&n bv Ki‡j †Mvbvn nq bv| Z‡e gvm&n bv K‡i †gvRv Ly‡j cv †avqv‡K †ewk ZvKIqv g‡b Kiv ev gvm&n
Kiv‡K bv-Rv‡qh g‡b Kiv GKwU weÀvZ ev be-D™¢vweZ wek¦vm| Giƒc AvKx`v †cvlYKvix mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ IqvwRe AvKx`v
cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cvcx|
9. ivgv`v‡bi iv‡Z Zvivexn
9. 1. wKqvgyjvBj I Zvnv¾y`
Zvivexn (‫ )اﻟﺘراوﯿﺢ‬eûePb, GKePb Zviexnvn (‫ |)اﻟﺘروﯿﺤﺔ‬Gi A_© cÖkvwš—, Avivg, we‡bv`b, wkw_jvqb, wkw_j n‡q
emv (refreshment, soothing, easing, relief, relaxation, recreation) BZ¨vw`| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq ivgv`vb gv‡mi ivwÎi
wKqvgyjvBj ev iv‡Zi mvjvZ‡K ÒZvivexnÓ ejv nq|
wKqvgyjvBj I Zvnv¾y‡ì ¸i“Z¡ Avwg Òiv‡n †ejvqvZÓ MÖ‡š’ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h, wKqvgyjvBj
(‫ )ﻗﯿﺎم اﻟﻠﯿل‬A_© iv‡Zi wKqvg ev ivwÎKvjxb ùvov‡bv| mvjvZzj Bkvi ci †_‡K dR‡ii Iqv‡³i D‡b¥l ch©š— mg‡q †h †Kv‡bv
bdj mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡j Zv ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ ev ÔmvjvZzjvBjÕ A_©vr iv‡Zi ùvov‡bv ev iv‡Zi mvjvZ e‡j MY¨| ÔZvnv¾y`Õ A_© Nyg
†_‡K DVv| iv‡Z Nyg †_‡K D‡V ÒwKqvgyjvBjÓ Av`vq Kiv‡K ÒZvnv¾y`Ó ejv nq| †KD hw` Bkvi mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i ivZ 9Uv
ev 10Uvq Nywg‡q c‡ob Ges 11/12Uvq D‡V bdj mvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib Z‡e Zv ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ I ÔZvnv¾y`Õ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| c¶vš—
‡i †KD hw` Bkvi c‡i bv Nywg‡q ivZ 2/3 Uvi w`‡K wKQz bdj mvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib Z‡e Zv ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ e‡j MY¨ n‡jI
ÔZvnv¾y`Õ e‡j MY¨ bq|
Bmjv‡gi Ab¨Zg bdj Bev`Z wKqvgyjvBj| cÖ_g iv‡Z ev †kl iv‡Z, Nygv‡bvi Av‡M ev Nyg †_‡K D‡V Aš—Z wKQz bdj
mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv gywg‡bi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨| GKUz Nywg‡q D‡V ÔZvnv¾y`Õ-iƒ‡c wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡j Zvi mvIqve I gh©v`v
†ewk| iv‡Zi †klfv‡M Zv Av`vq Kiv m‡e©vËg| KziAvb gvRx‡` †Kv‡bv bdj mvjv‡Zi D‡jL Kiv nq wb, GgbwK cuvP Iqv³
mvjv‡ZiI we¯—vwiZ D‡jL Kiv nq wb| wKš‘ wKqvgyjvBj I Zvnv¾y‡ì mvjv‡Zi K_v evisevi AZ¨š— ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ I gywgb
Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ wnmv‡e D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wKqvgyjvBj ev mvjvZzjvB‡ji wel‡q ivm~jyjvn  GZ †ewk wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb †h, G wel‡q ewY©Z mnxn nv`xm¸wj
GKwÎZ Ki‡j GKwU e„n`vK…wZi cy¯—‡K cwiYZ n‡e| ivm~jyjvn  wKqvgyjvBj I Zvnv¾y`‡K †h ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb, Ab¨
†Kv‡bv bdj ev mybœvZ mvjv‡Zi †m ¸i“Z¡ †`b wb| wZwb wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡Z ZvwK` w`‡Zb| †KD Av`vq bv Ki‡j
AvcwË Ki‡Zb| G welq¸wj we‡ePbv Ki‡j mviv ermiB ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ mybœv‡Z gyAv°v`v e‡j MY¨ nq| Z‡e dKxnMY
mvaviYfv‡e ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ-‡K bdj ch©v‡qi mybœvZ ev Ômybœv‡Z MvBi gyAv°v`vÕ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
9. 2. ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj
ivgv`v‡b ÔwKqvgyjvBjÕ Av`v‡q ivm~jyjvn () Av‡iv AwaK ZvwK` cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj‡K
D¤§v‡Zi AvwjgMY AwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb Ges ÔmybœvZ gyAv°v`vÕ e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
ivm~jyjvn () wb‡R mvaviYZ ivgv`vb I Ab¨ mKj mg‡q cÖ_g iv‡Z mvjvZzj Bkv Av`vq K‡i Nywg‡q co‡Zb|
Gici gvSiv‡Z D‡V 3/4 NÈv hver GKvKx Zvnv¾y`-wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡Zb| GKevi wZwb 23, 25 I 27 ivgv`v‡bi
ivwÎ‡Z mvnvexMY, Zuvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨MY I ¯¿xMY‡K wb‡q Rvgv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq K‡ib| 23 Zvwi‡L iv‡Z GK
Z…Zxqvsk ch©š— (AvbygvwbK ivZ 8 Uv †_‡K 10/11 Uv ch©š— 2/3 NÈv), 25 Zvwi‡L ga¨ ivZ ch©š— (AvbygvwbK ivZ 8-12=
4 NÈv) Ges 27 Zvwi‡Li iwÎ‡Z mvnixi mgq ch©š— (AvbygvwbK ivZ 8- 4= 8 NÈv) wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq K‡ib| 455
G wZb ivwÎ‡Z wZwb KZ ivKAvZ wKqvg K‡iwQ‡jb Zv mnxn eY©bvq ¯úó bq| Z‡e mvaviYZ wZwb ivgv`vb I Ab¨vb¨
mg‡q wZb ivKAvZ weZi Qvov 8 ivKAvZ wKqvg Av`vq Ki‡Zb|456 GQvov wZwb wewfbœ mg‡q 2 ivKAvZ 457, 4 ivKAvZ 458,
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6 ivKAvZ 459, 10 ivKAvZ 460, Ges 12 ivKAvZ 461 wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡Zb e‡j mnxn nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ| Zuvi
ivKAvZ msL¨v Kg‡ewk n‡jI, mg‡qi cwigvY we‡kl Kg‡ewk n‡Zv bv| mvaviYZ wZwb cÖvq 3/4 NÈv a‡i wKqvg Av`vq
Ki‡Zb| ivKAv‡Zi msL¨v Kgv‡j ˆ`N©¨ evov‡Zb|
mvnvexMY ivgv`v‡b Zuvi wcQ‡b RvgvAv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj cvjb Ki‡Z AZxe AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| wKš‘ dih nIqvi Avk¼vq
wZwb GKvKx Zv Av`vq Ki‡Zb Ges mvnvex‡ì‡K Gfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z civgk© †`b| 462 Dc‡ii nv`x‡m Avgiv †`Ljvg †h,
K‡qK ivZ wZwb Zv Rvgv‡Z Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb| cvkvcvwk wZwb RvgvAv‡Z ivgv`v‡bi wKqvg Av`v‡qi dhxj‡Z e‡jb:
‫ﺎم ﻟَْﯿﻠَ ٍﺔ‬ ِ
ُ ‫ب ﻟَﻪُ ﻗَﯿ‬
ِ َ ‫اﻹﻤ ِﺎم ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﯿ ْﻨﺼ ِر‬
َ ‫ف ُﻛﺘ‬ َ َ َ َ ِ ‫َﻤ ْن ﻗَ َﺎم َﻤ َﻊ‬
Ò†h e¨w³ Bgv‡gi wKqvgyjvBj †kl Kiv ch©š— Bgv‡gi mv‡_ wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ cy‡iv ivZ wKqvg
cvj‡bi mvIqve †jLv n‡e|Ó 463
mvnvexMY I cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i gymwjgMY ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj Av`v‡qi welqwU‡K AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Zb| †h‡nZz †kl
iv‡Z D‡V Zv Av`vq Kiv A‡b‡Ki Rb¨ SuywKc~Y© n‡q hvq, GRb¨ A‡b‡KB mvjvZzj Bkvi c‡iB gmwR‡` ev evwo‡Z
wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq K‡i Nygv‡Zb| hviv KziAv‡bi fvj Kvix ev nvwdh wQ‡jb bv Zviv A‡bK mgq †Kv‡bv fvj Kvix ev
nvwd‡hi wcQ‡b gmwR‡` ev evwo‡Z †QvU RvgvZ K‡i Zv Av`vq Ki‡Zb| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mg‡q I Zuvi Idv‡Zi c‡i
cÖvq K‡qK ermi Gfv‡eB P‡j|
Ljxdv Dgvi (iv) j¶¨ K‡ib †h, Gfv‡e g`xbvi gmwR‡` beex‡Z †QvU †QvU Rvgv‡Z ev c„_Kfv‡e GKvKx A‡b‡KB
mvjvZzj Bkvi c‡i wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡Qb| ZLb wZwb mvnvex DevB Beb KvÕe‡K e‡jb, gvby‡liv wè‡m wmqvg cvjb
K‡ib, wKš‘ A‡b‡KB fvj nvwdh ev Kvix bb; Kv‡RB Avcwb Zv‡ì‡K wb‡q Rvgv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq K‡ib| cvkvcvwk
wZwb myjvBgvb Beb Avex nvmgvn (iv) bvgK Ab¨ mvnvex‡K gwnjv‡ì wb‡q gmwR‡ì †kl cÖv‡š— c„_K Rvgv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj
Av`vq Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| gwnjv‡ì Rvgv‡Zi BgvgwZ Zvgxg `vix (iv) bvgK Ab¨ mvnvexI Ki‡Zb| Ljxdv Dmgvb Beb
Avd&d‡bi (iv) mg‡q wZwb myjvBgvb Beb Avex nvmgvn (iv)-Gi BgvgwZ‡Z cyi“l I gwnjv‡ì GK Rvgv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj
Av`v‡qi eë¯’v K‡ib| 464 AwaKvsk gvbyl Rvgv‡Z wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Z‡e A‡bK mvnvex, Zvweqx I hviv
fvj nvwdh I Avwe` wQ‡jb Zviv mvjvZzj Bkvi c‡i A_ev ga¨ iv‡Z I †kl iv‡Z GKvKx ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq
Ki‡Zb|
9. 3. ivgv`v‡bi wKqv‡gi ÔZvivexnÕ bvgKiY
Dgvi (iv)-Gi mgq †_‡KB ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvB‡ji RvgvÔAvZ `xN© mgq a‡i Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv| mvaviYZ †kl
iv‡Z mvnixi mg‡q †kl n‡Zv| eZ©gvb mg‡qi wn‡m‡e ivZ 8/9 Uv †_‡K 3/4 ch©š— cÖvq 6/7 NÈv hveZ wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq
Kiv n‡Zv| BgvgMY wZb-Pvi w`‡b ev GK mßv‡n KziAvb LZg Ki‡Zb| †KD †KD ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvB‡j `y-wZb LZg
KziAvb cvV Ki‡Zb| i“Kz mvR`vI `xN© Kiv n‡Zv| GRb¨ cÖwZ Pvi ivKAvZ ci wKQz¶Y wekªvg Kivi wbqg cÖPwjZ n‡q
hvq| G Kvi‡Y ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj‡K ÒmvjvZzZ ZvivexnÓ, A_©vr wekªv‡gi ev wkw_jvq‡bi mvjvZ ejv n‡Z _v‡K|
mnxn nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ †h, Dgvi (iv)-Gi mg‡q 8 ivKAvZ Ges 20 ivKAvZ wKqvgyjvBj Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv| Bgvg
gvwjK gynv¤§v` Beb BDm~d †_‡K, wZwb mvBe Beb Bqvwh` (iv) †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †h, Dgvi (iv) 11 ivKAvZ (weZi-mn)
wKqvgyjvB‡ji eë¯’v K‡ib| Zuviv kZkZ AvqvZ wZjvIqvZ Ki‡Zb Ges dR‡ii mvgvb¨ c~‡e© †kl Ki‡Zb| 465 c¶vš—‡i
Bgvg Avãyi ivh&hvK mvbAvbx `vD` Beb KvBm I Ab¨vb¨‡ì †_‡K, Zviv gynv¤§v` Beb BDm~d †_‡K, wZwb mvBe Beb Bqvwh`
(iv) †_‡K, wZwb e‡jb: Dgvi 21 ivKAvZ (weZi-mn) wKqvgyjvB‡ji eë¯’v K‡ib| 466 Bgvg evBnvKx Bqvwh` Beb Lvmxdvi
m~‡Î mvBe Beb Bqvwh` †_‡K D×„Z K‡ib: Dgv‡ii mgq Zviv 23 ivKAvZ wKqvg Ki‡Zb|467 G¸wj meB mnxn nv`xm|
nv`xm¸‡jvi ivexMY mK‡jB mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡gi ivex| GQvovI A‡bK¸‡jv mnxn ev nvmvb mb‡` Dgvi (iv)-Gi
mg‡q 20 ivKAvZ Zvivexn Av`v‡qi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
gynvwÏmMY e‡jb, m¤¢eZ cÖ_‡g `xN© mgq a‡i 8 ivKAvZ Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv| c‡i mg‡qi ˆ`N© wVK †i‡L ivKAvZ I
wekªv‡gi msL¨v evov‡bv nq| 6/7 NÈv a‡i 8 ivKAv‡Zi †P‡q 20 ivKAvZ Av`vq mnRZi| cieZx©Kv‡j AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b 20
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ivKAvZ Ges †Kv_vI 38 ivKAvZ ch©š— Zvivexn Av`vq Kiv n‡Zv|

9. 4. Zvivexn: AvKx`v, mybœvZ I we`ÔAvZ
kxqvMY I kxqv cÖfvweZ gyZvwhjvMY mvaviYfv‡e mvnvexM‡Yi wei“‡× Kzrmv I we‡Øl cÖPvi K‡ib| we‡klZ Dgvi
Bebyj LvËve (iv)-Gi wei“‡× Zv‡ì AccÖPvi I we‡Øl mxgvnxb| G mKj AccÖPv‡ii GKwU welq Zvivexn| Zviv
Zvivexn‡K we`ÔAvZ e‡jb Ges Dgvi (iv)-‡K we`ÔAvZx e‡jb| Zviv e‡jb, Dgvi (iv) Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ bZzb wKQz welq
cÖPjb K‡ib hvi GKwU Zvivexn| Zvivexn we`ÔAvZ| Dgvi wb‡RB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv we`ÔAvZ| eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏmMY msKwjZ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Zvivex‡ni RvgvÔAvZ cÖPj‡bi c‡i Dgvi e‡jb: (‫)ﻨِ ْﻌ َﻤ ِت اْﻟﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔُ َﻫِذ ِﻩ‬: ÒGwU fvj
weÀvZÕ| Avi ivm~jyjvn () †Zv e‡j‡Qb, mKj we`ÔAvZB weåvwš— Ges Rvnvbœvgx! Kv‡RB Dgvi wb‡Ri ¯^xKv‡ivw³‡ZB
weåvš— I Rvnvbœvgx! bvDh~ wejvn!!
Avgiv welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡jB Zv‡ì weåvwš— eyS‡Z cvie| Avgiv cÖ_‡g †`Le Zvivex‡ni g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv bZzbZ¡ Av‡Q
wK bv? wØZxqZ †`Le bZzb‡Z¡ Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb I mvnvexM‡Yi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv we‡kl gh©v`v Av‡Q wKbv|
Zvivex‡ni g‡a¨ Kx bZzbZ¡ i‡q‡Q hv ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi hy‡M wQj bv? Zvivexn? bv Zvi RvgvÔAvZ? Dfq Kg©B mybœv‡Z
beex Øviv cÖgvwYZ| ivm~jyjvn () wb‡R ivgv`v‡bi wKqvgyjvBj wbqwgZ cvjb K‡i‡Qb, cvjb Ki‡Z ZvwK` w`‡q‡Qb, K‡qKw`b
RvgvAv‡Z cvjb K‡i‡Qb, RvgvAv‡Z cvj‡bi dhxjZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, Zuvi mg‡q I cieZ©x mg‡q †QvU †QvU RvgvAv‡Z evwo‡Z I
gmwR‡` mvnvexMY I ZvweqxMY Zv Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| Zvn‡j Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Dgvi (iv) GKwU mybœvZ Rxeš— K‡i‡Qb| ivm~jyjvn
() dih nIqvi Avk¼vq wbqwgZ RvgvAv‡Z Zv Av`vq K‡ib wb| Zuvi Idv‡Zi c‡i dih nIqvi m¤¢vebv wZ‡ivwnZ nq, Z‡e
eo RvgvAv‡Z Zvivexn Av`vq bv Kivi wbqgwU i‡q hvq| Ave~ evKi (iv)-Gi `y erm‡i wZwb G w`‡K bhi w`‡Z cv‡ib wb|
GQvov †m mg‡q AwaKvsk gymwjgB fvj nvwdh I Kvix wQ‡jb, Kv‡RB Rvgv‡Z Av`v‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyf~Z n‡Zv Kg| Dgvi
(iv) eo Rvgv‡Z Zvivexn Av`v‡qi mybœvZwU cybR©xweZ K‡ib| wZwb †Kv‡bv we`ÔAvZ cÖPjb K‡ib wb, eis mybœvZ Rxeš— K‡i‡Qb|
GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, Zvn‡j wZwb †Kb G‡K Òmy›ì we`ÔAvZÓ ej‡jb? Gi DËi LyeB my¯úó| wZwb GLv‡b we`ÔAvZ
kãwU cvwifvwlK A‡_© bq, eis AvwfavwbK A‡_© eënvi K‡i‡Qb| AvwfavwbK A‡_© we`ÔAvZ A_© ÔbZzbÕ ev be-D™¢veb|
Avi KziAvb I nv`x‡mi cwifvlvq we`ÔAvZ A_© mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv bZzb welq‡K `x‡bi ev Bmjv‡gi Ask evbv‡bv|
Dgvi (iv) GLv‡b we`ÔAvZ ej‡Z wØZxq A_© eySvb wb| wZwb eywS‡q‡Qb †h, Avgv‡ì `„wó‡Z GwU GKwU bZzb welq; KviY
wbqwgZ Rvgv‡Z Zvivexn Av`vq AcÖPwjZ n‡q wM‡qwQj| Z‡e †h‡nZz welqwU g~jZ mybœvZ, we‡kl Kvi‡Y ivm~jyjvn () Zv
wbqwgZ K‡ib wb; †m‡nZy Zv AvcvZ `„wó‡Z bZzb n‡jI my›ì bZzb|
†hgb Avgiv ewj, ÔAvjvn †cÖ‡g gv`KZv ev Db¥ËZv KZB bv fvj gv`KZvÕ| Gi A_© G bq †h, wKQz wKQz gv`K `ªe¨ êa
A_ev Avjvi †cÖg gv`KZv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv A‰ea| Gi A_© evwn¨Kfv‡e G‡K gv`KZv ev Db¥ËZv e‡j g‡b n‡jI Zv
cÖksmbxq| Bgvg kvwdqx e‡jb: Ôbex-es‡ki fvjevmv hw` ivwdhx-gZ nq Zvn‡j wRb-Bbmvb mK‡jB mv¶x _vKzK †h, Avwg
ivwdhx-kxqv|Õ468 A_©vr bex-es‡ki †cÖg kxqvZ¡-B bq Ges bex-es‡ki fvjevmvq †KD kxqv nq bv|
Zvn‡j Zvivexni g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv we`ÔAvZ ev bZzbZ¡ †bB, eis meB cÖgvwYZ mybœvZ| Gevi Avgiv wØZxq welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv
Kie| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb I mvnvexMY wK D¤§v‡Zi Ab¨‡ì gZB? bv mybœv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Zuv‡ì we‡kl †Kv‡bv gh©v`v Av‡Q?
ivm~jyjvn -Gi wewfbœ wb‡`©kbvi cvkvcvwk hyw³ I we‡eK wbwðZ K‡i †h, Zuv‡ì we‡kl gh©v`v i‡q‡Q| Zuviv ivm~jyjvn -Gi
mKj wb‡`©k I mybœv‡Zi †cÖ¶vcU Rvb‡Zb| †Kv_vq ms‡hvRb, we‡qvRb ev e¨wZµ‡gi my‡hvM ivm~jyjvn  †i‡L wM‡q‡Qb ZvI
Zuviv fvj Rvb‡Zb| Zuviv hw` mybœv‡Zi †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v †`b Zv bZzb e‡j g‡b n‡jI mybœvZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e| ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
‫ﯿن ﺘَ َﻤ ﱠﺴ ُﻛوا ﺒِﻬَﺎ َو َﻋ ﱡ‬
‫ﻀوا‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺎء اْﻟﻤﻬ ِدﯿﱢﯿن ﱠ‬
ِ َ‫ﯿر ﻓَﻌﻠَْﯿ ُﻛم ﺒِﺴﱠﻨﺘِﻲ وﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ اْﻟ ُﺨَﻠﻔ‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪ ﻤ ْن ﯿ ِﻌ ْش ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛم ﺒﻌِدي َﻓﺴﯿرى‬
َ ‫اﻟراﺸد‬ َ َْ َُ ُ ْ َ ‫اﺨﺘﻼﻓًﺎ َﻛﺜ ًا‬ ََ َ َْ ْ َ َ ُ
ٍ ٍ ِ ِِ ِ
.ٌ‫ﻀﻼﻟَﺔ‬ َ ‫ور ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن ُﻛ ﱠل ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَﺔ ﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔٌ َو ُﻛ ﱠل ﺒِ ْد َﻋﺔ‬ِ ‫ُﻤ‬
ُ ‫َﻋﻠَْﯿﻬَﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﱠﻨ َواﺠذ َ ٕوِاﯿﱠﺎ ُﻛ ْم َو ُﻤ ْﺤ َدﺜَﺎت اﻷ‬
ÒAvgvi c‡i †Zvgiv hviv †eu‡P _vK‡e Zuviv A‡bK gZwe‡iva †`L‡e| Kv‡RB †Zvgiv Avgvi mybœvZ Ges Avgvi c‡ii
†n`vqvZcÖvß Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb‡ì mybœvZ `„pfv‡e AuvK‡o ai‡e| Lei`vi! be D™¢vweZ Kg©vw` †_‡K mveavb _vK‡e; KviY mKj
be D™¢vweZ welqB we`ÔAvZ Ges mKj we`ÔAvZB c_åóZv|Ó469
G nv`xm †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Kg©I mybœvZ| we`ÔAvZ A_© ivm~jyjvn () I Lyjvdv‡q
iv‡k`x‡bi K_v, Kg©, ixwZ ev mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg D™¢vweZ welq| Kv‡RB Zuviv hw` mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg wKQz K‡ib Zvn‡j Zv‡K
we`ÔAvZ ejvi AwaKvi cieZ©x‡ì †bB, KviY ¯^qs ivm~jyjvn () Zv mybœvZ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| 470
ÒZvivexnÓ cÖm‡½ Dgvi (iv)-Gi e³‡e¨ Òwe`ÔAvZÓ kã‡K cvwifvwlK A‡_© eëüZ `vwe K‡i kxqvMY †hgb weåvš—
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n‡q‡Qb, g~javivi A‡bK AvwjgI †Zgwb weåvwš—‡Z c‡o‡Qb| G K_v w`‡q Zuviv `ywU welq cÖgvY Ki‡Z Pvb: (1)
cvwifvwlK we`ÔAvZ ev mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K `x‡bi Ask evbv‡bv fvj e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i Ges (2) Dgvi (iv) †hgb
Zvivex‡ni we`ÔAvZ cÖPjb K‡i‡Qb †Zgwb bZzb bZzb we`ÔAvZ cÖPj‡bi AwaKvi cieZ©x hy‡Mi gymwjg‡ìI Av‡Q|
Avwg ÒGnBqvDm mybvbÓ MÖ‡š’ G welqK A¯úóZv we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv
D‡jL Kiv hvq:
(1) mKj nv`x‡m D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, ÒmKj we`ÔAvZB c_åóZvÓ| Gi wecix‡Z GKwU nv`x‡mI ejv nq wb †h,
ÔwKQz we`ÔAvZ c_åóZv I wKQz we`ÔAvZ fvjÕ| Kv‡RB GKwU we‡kl Kg©‡K †Kv‡bv mvnvex AvwfavwbK A‡_© we`ÔAvZ e‡j
_vK‡j †m nv`x‡mi Øviv Ab¨vb¨ mKj nv`x‡mi my¯úó I Ø¨_©nxb A_© evwZj Kiv hvq bv| nv`xm kix‡d me©`v Òwe`ÔAvZÓ
kã‡K wb›`vi A‡_© ejv n‡q‡Q| wb›`vi Rb¨ weÀv‡Zi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡klY †hvM Kiv nq wb| Dgv‡ii G e³e¨ Øviv
weÀv‡Zi fvj nIqvi m¤¢vebv ¯^xKvi Kiv Avi Bgvg kvwdqxi e³e¨ Øviv ivwdhx-kxqv gZev` fvj nIqvi, †Kv‡bv †K‡bv
ivwdhxi fvj nIqvi ev Bgvg kvwdqxi ivwdhx nIqvi `vex GKB cÖKv‡ii fyj|
(2) Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Dgvi (iv)-Gi G Kg©wU †Kv‡bvfv‡eB we`ÔAvZ bq, bZzbI bq| ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wb‡`©k,
evYx I Kg© Øviv cÖgvwYZ mybœvZ| Kv‡RB Dgv‡ii K_v‡K hw` Òfvj we`ÔAvZÓ ev weÀv‡Z nvmvbvi gvb`Ê aiv nq Zvn‡j
ej‡Z n‡e, †h Kg© ivm~jyjvn () K‡i‡Qb, Kivi dhxjZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ we‡kl Kvi‡Y wbqwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb ev
Zuvi c‡i Ae¨vnZ _v‡K wb, †m Kg© cybi“¾xweZ Kiv‡K weÀv‡Z nvmvbv ev fvj we`ÔAvZ ejv nq|
(3) ivm~jyjvn  K‡ib wb, A_P Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb ev mvnvexMY K‡i‡Qb Giƒc Kg© `y cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i: (1) wZwb
wb‡R we‡kl Kvi‡Y bv Ki‡jI Zv Kivi Drmvn ev AbygwZ Zuvi mybœv‡Z i‡q‡Q| †hgb KziAvb MÖš’vKv‡i msKwjZ Kiv,
LvwiRx‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv BZ¨vw`| Zvivex‡ni RvgvÔAvZI G ch©v‡qi| (2) Zuviv RvMwZK cÖ‡qvR‡b ev mybœvZ c×wZ‡Z
Bev`Z cvj‡bi DcKiY wn‡m‡e Zv D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb| †hgb KziAv‡b wefw³wPý ev niKZ cÖ`vb, Aviex e¨vKiY wk¶vi
eë¯’v, ivóªxq wewfbœ wbqgKvbyb cÖPjb BZ¨vw`| G¸wj‡K Zuviv ev Ab¨ †KD Ò`x‡bi AskÓ evbvb wb| A_©vr †KD e‡jb wb
†h, †KD hw` Aviex e¨vKiY wk¶v QvovB ev wefw³wPý QvovB weï×fv‡e ivm~jyjvn -Gi gZ mybœvZ c×wZ‡Z KziAvb cvV
K‡i Zvn‡j e¨vKiY ev wefw³wPý ev` †Ìqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi mvIqve Kg n‡e|
(3) Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, mybœv‡Z beexi e¨vL¨vi I mybœv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖeZ©b Kivi †h AwaKvi mvnvexM‡Yi
wQj, Zv Ab¨‡ì †bB Ges _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| ivm~jyjvn  Zvivex‡ni wbqwgZ RvgvÔAvZ eR©b K‡ib we‡kl Kvi‡Y|
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb I mvnvexMY ey‡Sb †h, KviYwU wZ‡ivwnZ nIqvi c‡i G gvmb~b Kg©wU‡K cybi“¾xweZ Kiv hv‡e|
ivm~jyjvn () MÖš’vKv‡i KziAvb msKj‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, MÖš’ †`‡L KziAvb cv‡Vi dhxjZ e‡j‡Qb, Z‡e Inx bvwh‡ji
avivevwnKZv Pj‡Z _vKvq P~ovš— MÖš’vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zuvi Idv‡Zi c‡i mvnvexMY Zv K‡i‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i ivm~jyjvn
() evBZzjvni ZvIqv‡di mgq †`Š‡o †`Š‡o ZvIqvd K‡iwQ‡jb gykwiK‡ì kw³ cÖ`k©‡bi we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨| Lyjvdv‡q
iv‡k`xb I mvnvexMY ey‡Sb †h, KviYwU wZ‡ivwnZ nIqvi c‡iI AvgjwU Ae¨vnZ ivLvB mybœvZ|
Gfv‡e mybœv‡Zi mv‡_ e¨vL¨vg~jK ms‡hvRb-we‡qvRb GKgvÎ mvnvexMYB Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mvnvexM‡Yi c‡i Avi †KD
†Kv‡bvfv‡e †Kv‡bv KviY ev ARynv‡Z mybœv‡Zi mvgvb¨Zg e¨wZµg †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K `x‡bi Ask evbv‡Z cv‡ib bv| mvnvexMY
mybœv‡Zi e¨wZµg wKQz cÖPjb K‡i‡Qb hyw³‡Z bZzb †Kv‡bv K_v, Kg© ev ixwZ D™¢veb K‡i Zv‡K `x‡bi Ask evbv‡bvi
AwaKvi Kv‡iv †bB| Giƒc Ki‡j KziAvb I nv`xm mvnvex‡ì †h gh©v`v I we‡klZ¡ w`‡q‡Q Zv bó Kiv nq Ges ivm~jyjøvn
()-Gi mvnP‡h©i Aeg~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv †`LwQ †h, Zvivexn GKwU Kg©, wek¦v‡mi welq bq, Z‡e Zv Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj
RvgvAv‡Zi Kg©MZ êwkó¨| GQvov wewfbœ weåvš— †Mvôx Zvivexn‡K we`ÔAvZ I Dgvi (iv)-†K we`ÔAvZx ejvi Kvi‡Y Bgvg
Avhg (ivn) welqwU‡K AvKx`v cÖm‡½ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
10. BgvgZ I ivóª
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb: ÒmKj †bKKvi I cvcx gywg‡bi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq êa|Ó GLv‡b wZwb
Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Ab¨Zg GKwU welq AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g c‡e© Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bmjvgx AvKx`vi Av‡jvP¨
welq PviwU: (1) gnvb Avjøvn, (2) byeyIqvZ, (3) BgvgvZ ev ivóªcÖav‡bi c` I (4) AvwLivZ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv GLv‡b BgvgZ
cÖm½wU D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
Bmjv‡g mvjv‡Zi BgvgZ I ivóªxq BgvgZ ev ivóª cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e RwoZ| ivm~jyjvn
-Gi mg‡q Ges cieZ©x K‡qK hy‡M me©`v ivóªcÖavb ev Zvi wbhy³ AvÂwjK cÖavb, wePviK ev Kg©KZ©vB mvjv‡Zi BgvgwZ
Ki‡Zb| RygyAv I C‡ì mvjv‡Zi Rb¨ iv‡ói Bgv‡gi BgvgwZ ev Aby‡gv`b kZ© e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb AwaKvsk dKxn| G
wel‡q Avnjym mybœv‡Zi wek¦vm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Bgvg Avhg GKwU msw¶ß ev‡K¨| Zv n‡jv, cvcx I cyYëvb mK‡ji wcQ‡bB
mvjvZ êa| mvjv‡Zi Bgvg A_©B ivóªxq Bgvg ev Zvi wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³| mvjv‡Zi ev iv‡óªi BgvgwZi Rb¨ m‡e©vËg ev
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Contents
me‡P‡q gyËvKx e¨w³ nIqv Ri“ix bq| hw` †Kv‡bv dvwmK e¨w³ mvjv‡Zi ev iv‡óªi BgvgwZ MÖnY K‡i Z‡e Zvi Ab¨v‡qi
cÖwZ N„Yv I h_vmva¨ mrKv‡R Av‡`kmn ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ I ivóªxq HK¨ envj ivL‡Z n‡e| G wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv
(ivn)ÑGi AvKx`v we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Bgvg Zvnvex (ivn)| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ َوﻻ َﻨ ْﺸﻬَ ُد َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬،‫َﺤ ًدا ِﻤ ْﻨﻬُ ْم َﺠﱠﻨﺔً َوﻻ َﻨ ًﺎرا‬ ِ َ ‫ وﻋﻠَﻰ ﻤ ْن ﻤ‬،‫َﻫ ِل ا ْﻟِﻘْﺒﻠَ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫ َوﻻ ُﻨَﻨﱢز ُل أ‬.‫ﺎت ﻤ ْﻨﻬُ ْم‬ َ َ َ ْ ‫ف ُﻛ ﱢل َﺒﱟر َوﻓَﺎ ِﺠ ٍر ِﻤ ْن أ‬ َ ‫َوَﻨ َرى اﻟﺼﱠﻼةَ َﺨ ْﻠ‬
 ‫َﺤ ٍد ِﻤ ْن أُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ُﻤ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍد‬ َ ‫ف َﻋﻠَﻰ أ‬ َ ‫ َوﻻ َﻨ َرى اﻟﺴ ْﱠﯿ‬.‫ َوَﻨ َذ ُر َﺴ َراﺌِ َرُﻫ ْم إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬،‫ك‬َ ِ‫ظﻬَ ْر ِﻤ ْﻨﻬُ ْم َﺸ ْﻲ ٌء ِﻤ ْن َذﻟ‬
ْ ‫ َﻤﺎ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ‬،‫ق‬ ٍ ‫ﺒِ ُﻛ ْﻔ ٍر وﻻ ﺒِ ِﺸ ْرٍك وﻻ ﺒِﻨِﻔَﺎ‬
َ َ
‫ َوَﻨ َرى‬،‫ﺎﻋﺘ ِﻬ ْم‬ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ َ‫ َوﻻ َﻨ ْﻨ ِزعُ َﯿ ًدا ﻤ ْن ط‬،‫ َوﻻ َﻨ ْد ُﻋو َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬،‫ورَﻨﺎ َ ٕوِا ْن َﺠ ُﺎروا‬ ِ ‫ُﻤ‬
ُ ‫ َوﻻ َﻨ َرى ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ُرو َج َﻋﻠَﻰ أَﺌ ﱠﻤﺘَﻨﺎ َوُوﻻة أ‬.‫ف‬ ُ ‫ب َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ اﻟﺴ ْﱠﯿ‬ َ ‫إِﻻ َﻤ ْن َو َﺠ‬
ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ‫طَﺎﻋﺘَﻬم ِﻤ ْن طَ ِ ﱠ‬
‫ب‬ُ ‫ َوَﻨ ْﺠﺘَﻨ‬،َ‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬ َ ‫ َوَﻨﺘﱠﺒِﻊُ اﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨﺔَ َوا ْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬.‫ َوَﻨ ْد ُﻋو ﻟَﻬُ ْم ﺒِﺎﻟﺼﱠﻼ ِح َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﺎﻓَﺎة‬،‫ْﻤ ُروا ﺒِ َﻤ ْﻌﺼَﯿﺔ‬ ُ ‫ َﻤﺎ ﻟَ ْم َﯿﺄ‬،ً‫ﯿﻀﺔ‬َ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻠﻪ َﻋﱠز َو َﺠ ﱠل ﻓَ ِر‬ َ ُْ َ
ِ
‫ﺎن َﻤ َﻊ أُوﻟِﻲ اﻷ َْﻤ ِر ﻤ َن‬ ِ
ِ ‫ﺎد َﻤﺎﻀَﯿ‬ ِ ِ ِ
ُ َ‫ َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱡﺞ َواﻟْﺠﻬ‬... .‫َﻫ َل ا ْﻟ َﺠ ْوِر َوا ْﻟﺨَﯿ َﺎﻨﺔ‬
ْ‫ض أ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ َوُﻨﺤ ﱡ‬.َ‫ﻼف َوا ْﻟﻔُ ْرﻗَﺔ‬ ِ
َ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺸ ُذوَذ َوا ْﻟﺨ‬
ُ ‫ َوُﻨ ْﺒﻐ‬،‫َﻫ َل ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْدل َواﻷ ََﻤ َﺎﻨﺔ‬
ْ‫ب أ‬
.‫ﻀﻬُ َﻤﺎ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﺒﱢرِﻫم وﻓَﺎ ِﺠ ِرِﻫم إِﻟَﻰ ِﻗﯿ ِﺎم اﻟ ﱠﺴ‬،‫ا ْﻟﻤﺴﻠِ ِﻤﯿن‬
ُ ُ‫ ﻻ ُﯿ ْﺒطﻠُﻬُ َﻤﺎ َﺸ ْﻲ ٌء َوﻻ َﯿ ْﻨﻘ‬،‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ ُْ
ÒAvgiv †Kejvcš’x cÖ‡Z¨K †bKKvi I cvcx gymwj‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv Ges Zv‡ì g„Z e¨w³i Rb¨ Rvbvhvi
mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv êa g‡b Kwi| Avgiv Zv‡ì KvD‡K RvbœvZx ev Rvnvbœvgx e‡j wbwðZ mv¶¨ cÖ`vb Kwi bv| Zv‡ì Kv‡iv
Dci Kzdi, wkiK ev wbdv‡Ki mv¶¨ cÖ`vb Kwi bv hZ¶Y bv G ai‡Yi wKQz Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖKvk¨fv‡e †`Lv w`‡e| Zv‡ì
Avf¨š—ixY welqvw` Avgiv Avjvn ZvÕAvjvi Dci †Q‡o w`B| agx©q weavb g‡Z dih bv n‡j gynv¤§` -Gi D¤§v‡Zi †Kv‡bv
†jv‡Ki wei“‡× A¯¿ aviY Avgiv êa g‡b Kwi bv| Avgv‡ì Bgvg ev ivóªcÖavbMY I kvmKeM© AZ¨vPvi Ki‡jI Zv‡ì wei“‡×
we‡`ªvn êa g‡b Kwi bv| Avgiv Zv‡ì‡K Awfkvc cÖ`vb Kwi bv Ges Zv‡ì AvbyMZÏ eR©b Kwi bv| Avgiv Zv‡ì
AvbyMZ¨‡K AvjvniB AvbyM‡Zï Ask wn‡m‡e dih g‡b Kwi hZ¶Y bv Zviv †Kv‡bv cvc K‡g©i wb‡`©k †`q| Avi Zv‡ì
ms‡kvab I msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ `yÔAv Kwi| Avgiv mybœvZ Ges RvgvÔAvZ (HK¨) AbymiY Kwi Ges wew”QbœZv, A‰bK¨ I
gZwe‡ivwaZv Avgiv cwinvi Kwi| Avgiv b¨vqwePviK I `vwqZ¡evb-AvgvbZ Av`vqKvix kvmK‡ì fvjevwm Ges Rvwjg,
`yb©xwZevR ev `vwq‡Z¡ wLqvbZKvix‡ì N„Yv Kwi| gymwjg kvm‡Ki Aax‡b- †m †bKKvi †nvK Avi cvcx-e`Kvi †nvK- n¾¡ Ges
wRnv` wKqvgZ ch©š— Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| †Kv‡bv wKQzB G `wzU‡K evwZj ev e¨vnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó471
GLv‡b Bgvg Zvnvex †bKKvi I e`Kv‡ii BgvgwZi welqwU e¨vL¨v Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ ivóª I bvMwi‡Ki m¤úK© Ges
we‡`ªvn I wew”QbœZvi welqwU my¯úóiƒ‡c e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wRnv` I n¾ `ywU Bev`Z‡K ivóªxq eë¯’vcbvq cvj‡bi K_v
D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
10. 1. LvwiRx I kxqv gZev`
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g `ywU wdiKv- kxqv I LvwiRx wdiKv- Df‡qi D™¢e D‡b¥l N‡UwQj ivR‰bwZK
wek¦v‡mi wfwË‡Z| ivR‰bwZK wek¦vm‡K †K›`ª K‡i ag©xq wek¦v‡mi wefw³ N‡U| kxqvMY `vwe K‡ib †h, BgvgvZ GKgvÎ
Òwb®úvcÓ e¨w³i cÖvc¨| GRb¨ cvcxi BgvgZ A‰ea| cvcx e¨w³‡K AcmviY K‡i m‡e©v”P gyËvKx‡K- Zv‡ì wek¦v‡m Zv‡ì
Bgvg ev Zuvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K- ivóªxq Bgvg‡Z AwawôZ Kiv‡K Zviv Ab¨Zg dih `vwqZ¡ e‡j MY¨ K‡ib|
LvwiRxMYI G wel‡q `ywU AvKx`vi D™¢veb K‡i: (1) cvcx e¨w³i Bgvg‡Zi A‰eaZv Ges (2) cvcx Bgv‡gi Acmvi‡Yi
Avek¨KZv| Zv‡ì `vwe, cvcx e¨w³ Kvwdi, Avi Kvwdi e¨w³ mvjv‡Zi ev iv‡óªi BgvgwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| eis gywg‡bi Rb¨
dih †h, Giƒc Bgv‡gi wei“‡× mrKv‡R Av‡`k I AmrKv‡R wb‡l‡ai Ask wn‡m‡e we‡`ªvn Ki‡e Ges wRnv` K‡i Zv‡K
AcmviY Ki‡e|
G Kvi‡Y kxqvMY I LvwiRxMY me©`v we‡`ªvn I ivóª cwieZ©b cÖ‡Póvq wjß †_‡K‡Qb| Zviv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwôZ ivóª Qvov
mKj ivóª‡K ZvM~Zx I A‰bmjvwgK ivóª e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| G mKj †`‡k Zviv mvjvZzj RygyAv Av`vq K‡ib bv| mybœx Bgvg‡ì
wcQ‡b RvgvÔAvZ Av`vq K‡ib bv| G Qvov G mKj †`‡ki ivóª eë¯’vi wei“‡× cÖKvk¨ ev †Mvcb hy× K‡i Zv‡ì‡K DrLvZ
K‡i wbR AvKx`vi ivóª cÖwZôvq Zviv m‡Pó _v‡Kb| kxqvMY mvaviYZ †Mvcb cÖPvi, lohš¿ BZ¨vwì Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡Zb|
c¶vš—‡i LvwiRxMY mvaviYZ mivmwi we‡`ªvn I hy‡× wjß n‡Zb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Bgvg Zvnvexi e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K Avgiv
G wel‡q KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv ch©v‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjvn|
10. 2. mybœv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K Bgvg I RvgvAvZ
Rvwnjx hy‡M Avi‡e †Kv‡bv ivóª-eë¯’v wQj bv| Zviv Kexjv ev †Mv‡Îi AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Zb| ivm~jyjvn ()
cÖ_g †mLv‡b AvaywbK ivóªeë¯’v cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| e¨w³ ¯^vZš¿¨‡eva, ¯^vaxbZv‡eva, Kexjvi AvbyMZ¨, ivóªcÖav‡bi Ab¨vq, cvc
ev Ryjy‡gi Kvi‡Y †hb ivóªxq HK¨, msnwZ I k„•Ljv weNœ bv nq †m Rb¨ wZwb wewfbœ wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| G mKj wb‡`©kbv
Abyave‡bi Rb¨ G welqK K‡qKwU cwifvlv Av‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G cwifvlv¸wji Ab¨Zg: Bgvg, evBAvZ I
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RvgvÔAvZ| G cwifvlv¸‡jvi A_© I eënvi Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ ÒBmjv‡gi bv‡g Rvw½ev`Ó I ÒKziAvb-mybœvn Av‡jv‡K
Bmjvgx AvKx`vÓ MÖ‡š’| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †h, Bgvg (‫ )اﻹﻤﺎم‬k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© Ò‡bZvÓ (Leader)| Bmjvgx
cwifvlvq mvjv‡Zi RvgvAv‡Zi Bgvg I ivóªcÖavb BZ¨vw` A‡_© Bgvg kãwU eëüZ nq| Z‡e nv`xm kixd I cÖ_g
kZvãx¸wji AvKx`v I wdK‡ni cwifvlvq Bgvg kãwU hLb Db¥y³fv‡e eëüZ nq ev ÒBgvgyj gymwjgxbÓ gymwjgM‡Yi Bgvg
ejv nq ZLb Gi A_© ivóªcÖavb| nv`x‡m, wdK‡n I AvKx`vq ÔBgvgÕ cwifvlvwU GKgvÎ G A‡_©B eëüZ n‡q‡Q| ivóªcÖav‡bi
Kv‡Q ivóªxq AvbyM‡Zï †h cÖwZÁv Kiv nq Zv‡K ÒevBAvZÓ (‫ )اﻟﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ejv nq|
RvgvÔAvZ (‫ )اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬A_© HK¨ ev HKë× nIqv| HKë× Rb‡Mvôx, RbMY ev mgvR (community, society) A‡_© Zv
AwaK eëüZ nq| Gi wecixZ kã BdwZivK (‫)اﻻﻓﺘراق‬, A_©vr wefw³ ev `jv`wj| wdiKv (‫ )اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ‬A_© `j ev †Mvôx| nv`x‡m
ÒRvgvÔAvZÓ ev ÒRvgvÔAvZzj gymwjgxbÓ ej‡Z ivóªxq AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨ emevmKvix HKë× RbMY ev mgv‡Ri msL¨vMwiô RbMY
eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wb®úvc ev cvcgy³ ivócÖav‡bi evaëvaKZv wPišÍb msNv‡Zi c_ Ly‡j †`q Ges gywgb‡K Amva¨ mva‡bi c‡_ avweZ
K‡i| GRb¨ ivm~jyjøvn  mvjv‡Zi I iv‡ói BgvgwZi Rb¨ avwg©K, mr I †hvM¨ e¨w³‡K wb‡qv‡Mi Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb|
cvkvcvwk ivóªxq HK¨ I k„•Ljv eRvq ivL‡Z cvcx Bgv‡gi cv‡ci cÖwZev‡ì cvkvcvwk AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivL‡Z wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Qb| G welqK A‡bK nv`xm Dch©y³ MÖš’Ø‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GLv‡b K‡qKwU nv`xm D‡jL KiwQ|
gyAvweqv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
ً‫ﺎﻫِﻠﱠﯿﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺎت ِﻤ ْﯿﺘَﺔً ﺠ‬
َ
ِ
ٌ ‫ﺎت َوﻟَْﯿ َس َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ إِ َﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺎم َﻤ‬ َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬
Ò†Kv‡bv GKRb Bgv‡gi (ivóªcÖav‡bi) AvbyMZ¨-wenxb Ae¯’vq †h e¨w³ g„ZzëiY Kij †m Rvwnjx g„Zz¨ eiY
Kij|Ó 472
Avey ûivBiv (iv:) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡j‡Qb:
ِ ‫ﺎت ِﻤﯿﺘَﺔً ﺠ‬ َ ‫ﺎﻋ ِﺔ َوﻓَ َﺎر‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
َ َ ‫ﺎت َﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺎﻋﺔَ ﻓَ َﻤ‬
َ ‫ق اْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬ َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﺨ َرَج ﻤ ْن اﻟط‬
Ò‡h e¨w³ Ôivóªxq AvbyMZ¨Õ †_‡K †ei n‡q Ges ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ ev HKë× gymwjg mgvR †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q g„Zz¨ eiY
Kij †m Rvwnjx g„Zz¨ eiY Kij|Ó 473
gyÔAvweqv (iv) Zuvi RxeÏkvq Zuvi cyÎ Bqvwh`‡K ivóª cÖavb c‡` g‡bvbqb `vb K‡ib Ges Zvi c‡¶ iv‡óªi
bvMwiK‡ì †_‡K evBqvZ ev AvbyM‡Zï kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| 60 wnRix‡Z Zuvi B‡š—Kv‡ji c‡i Bqvwh` kvmbfvi MÖnY K‡ib
Ges Pvi eQi kvmb K‡i 64 wnRix‡Z g„ZyëiY K‡ib| Zvi kvmbvg‡j 63 wnRix‡Z g`xbvi AwaevmxMY Zvi Ryjyg, Bgvg
ûmvB‡bi kvnv`Z BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y we‡`ªvn K‡ib| Zv‡ì we‡`ªvn wQj hyw³m½Z, GKvšÍB Avjvni Iqv‡¯— I Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡×|
wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I ‡m mg‡q RxweZ mvnvexMY we‡`ªv‡n ivRx wQ‡jb bv| mnxn gymwj‡g msKwjZ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, mvnvex
Avãyjvn Beb Dgvi (iv) g`xbvi we‡`ªvnx‡ì †bZv Avãyjvn Beb gywZÕi wbKU Mgb K‡ib| wZwb Zuv‡K m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ em‡Z
Aby‡iva K‡ib| Beb Dgvi (iv) e‡jb: Avwg em‡Z Avwmwb| Avwg †Zvgv‡K GKwU nv`xm ïbv‡Z G‡mwQ| Avwg ivm~jyjvn
()-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ:
َ ‫ َﻤ‬:‫ﺎت َوَﻟ ْﯿ َس ِﻓﻲ ُﻋُﻨ ِﻘ ِﻪ َﺒْﯿ َﻌﺔٌ )رواﯿﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﯿﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ ﻻ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺔَ ﻟَﻪُ َو َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬
(‫ﺎت ﺒِ َﻐْﯿ ِر إِ َﻤ ٍﺎم‬ ِ ‫ط ٍ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ َﻟﻘ َﻲ اﻟﻠﻪَ َﯿ ْوَم اْﻟﻘَﯿ‬
َ َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﺨﻠَ َﻊ َﯿ ًدا ﻤ ْن‬
ِ ‫ﺎت ِﻤﯿﺘَﺔً ﺠ‬
َ َ ‫َﻤ‬
Ò‡h e¨w³ ÔZvAvZÕ ev ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K wb‡R‡K †ei K‡i wbj †m wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjvni mv‡_ mv¶vZ n‡j
wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb IRi †ck Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †h e¨w³ ÔevBÔAvZÕ (ivóªxq AvbyM‡Zï A½xKvi)-wenxb Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY
Kij (Ab¨ eY©bvq: †h e¨w³ Bgvg-wenxbfv‡e g„ZzëiY Kij) †m Rvwnjx g„Zy¨ eiY Kij|Ó 474
Beb AveŸvm (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡j‡Qb:
ً‫ﺎﻫﻠِﱠﯿﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺎت ِﻤﯿﺘَﺔً ﺠ‬
َ َ ‫ﺎﻋﺔَ ِﺸ ْﺒ ًار ﻓَ َﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺎت إِﻻ َﻤ‬ َ ‫ﺼﺒِ ْر َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ َﻤ ْن ﻓَ َﺎر‬
َ ‫ق اْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬ ْ ‫ﯿرِﻩ َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ َﯿ ْﻛ َرُﻫﻪُ َﻓْﻠَﯿ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ ْن أرَى ِﻤ ْن أ‬
ِ ‫َﻤ‬ َ َ
Ò†KD Zvi kvmK-cÖkvmK †_‡K †Kvb AcQ›`bxq welq †`L‡j Zv‡K ‰ah¨© aviY Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY hw` †KD
RvgvÔAv‡Zi (gymwjg mgvR ev iv‡ói H‡Kï) evB‡i GK weNZI †ei n‡q hvq Ges G Ae¯’vq g„ZyëiY K‡i, Zvn‡j †m
Rvwnjx g„Zy¨ eiY Ki‡e|Ó 475
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Contents
Gfv‡e miKv‡ii Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ envj ivLv Ges Bmjvgwe‡ivax bq Giƒc wel‡q
miKv‡ii AvbyMZ¨ KivB Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©k| D¤§y mvjvgv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﯿﺴﺘَﻌﻤ ُل ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ُﻛم أُﻤراء ﻓَﺘَﻌ ِرﻓُون وﺘُْﻨ ِﻛرون ﻓَﻤن َﻛ ِرﻩ ﻓَﻘَ ْد ﺒ ِرئ وﻤن أَْﻨ َﻛر ﻓَﻘَ ْد ﺴِﻠم وﻟَ ِﻛن ﻤن ر‬
‫ول‬
َ ‫ﻀ َﻲ َوﺘَ َﺎﺒ َﻊ ﻗَﺎﻟُوا َﯿﺎ َر ُﺴ‬ َ َْ ْ َ َ َ َ ََْ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ ََ ْ َ َ ْ ْ ُ ُ‫إِﱠﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱠ ْوا‬
َ ‫ﺎل ﻻ َﻤﺎ‬ َ َ‫ُﻨﻘَﺎﺘِﻠُﻬُ ْم ﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ أَﻻ‬
ÒAwP‡iB †Zvgv‡ì Dci A‡bK kvmK-cÖkvmK Avm‡e hviv b¨vq I Ab¨vq Dfq cÖKv‡ii KvR Ki‡e| †h e¨w³ Zv‡ì
Ab¨vq‡K N„Yv Ki‡e †m Ab¨v‡qi Aciva †_‡K gy³ n‡e| Avi †h e¨w³ AvcwË Ki‡e †m (Avjvni Amš‘wó †_‡K) wbivcËv cv‡e|
wKš‘ †h G mKj Ab¨vq KvR †g‡b †b‡e ev Zv‡ì AbymiY Ki‡e (†m euvP‡Z cvi‡e bv|)Ó mvnvexMY e‡jb, †n Avjvni ivm~j,
Avgiv wK Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kie bv? wZwb e‡jb, Òbv, hZ¶Y Zviv mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e|Ó476
hw` †Kv‡bv bvMwiK Zvi miKv‡ii Ab¨vq mg_©b K‡ib ev Ab¨v‡qi †¶‡Î miKv‡ii AbymiY K‡ib Z‡e wZwb
miKv‡ii cv‡ci fvMx n‡eb| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZv, PvKix, Kg© ev ivóªxq AvbyM‡Zï Kvi‡Y †Kv‡bv bvMwiK cvcx
n‡e bv| AvDd Beb gvwjK (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  e‡j‡Qb:
‫ﺎﻋ ٍﺔ‬
َ ‫ط‬َ ‫ﺼَﯿ ِﺔ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َوﻻ َﯿ ْﻨ ِزَﻋ ﱠن َﯿ ًدا ِﻤ ْن‬
ِ ‫ﺼﯿ ِﺔ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻓْﻠﯿ ْﻛرﻩ ﻤﺎ ﯿﺄْﺘِﻲ ِﻤن ﻤﻌ‬
َْ ْ َ َ َْ َ
ِ ِ ِ ٍ ‫أَﻻ ﻤ ْن وﻟِﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ و‬
َ ‫ال ﻓَ َرآﻩُ َﯿﺄْﺘﻲ َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ ﻤ ْن َﻤ ْﻌ‬ َ َ َ َ
Òûwkqvi! †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡iv Dc‡i hw` †Kv‡bv kvmK-cÖkvmK wbhy³ nb Ges †m †`L‡Z cvq †h, D³ kvmK ev cÖkvmK
Avjvni Aeva¨Zvi †Kv‡bv Kv‡R wjß n‡”Qb, Z‡e †m †hb Avjvni Aeva¨Zvi D³ Kg©‡K N„Yv K‡i, Z‡e †m AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K
nvZ ¸wU‡q †b‡e bv|Ó 477
Av‡iv A‡bK nv`x‡m c¶cvwZZ¡, hyjyg I cv‡c wjß kvmK ev miKv‡ii cÖwZ ivóªxq AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivLvi wb‡`©k †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q| Giƒc kvmK ev miKvi †Kv‡bv Bmjvg we‡ivax wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zv cvjb Kiv hv‡e bv| Avevi Ab¨vq wb‡`©‡ki
Kvi‡Y we‡`ªvn ev Aeva¨ZvI Kiv hv‡e bv| eis ivóªxq msnwZ I AvbyMZ¨ eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e kvmK ev cÖkvmK m‡›`nvZxZ
fv‡e cÖgvwYZ my¯úó Kzdix‡Z wjß n‡j we‡`ªvn ev AvbyMZ¨ cwiZ¨v‡Mi AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡ÎI ÒZvKdxiÓ welqK
Bmjv‡gi g~jbxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| 478
D‡jL¨ †h, LvwiRx I kxqvMY ÒBgvgÓ, ÒRvgAvZÓ BZ¨vw` cwifvlvi weK…wZ mvab K‡ib| wkqvMY ÒBgvgÓ kãwUi
A_© weK…Z K‡i| mvnvexMY I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g‡Z Bmjvgx ivóªeë¯’v RbMYZvwš¿K| RbM‡Yi civg‡k©i
gva¨‡g Bgvg, Ljxdv ev kvmK wb‡qvM jvf Ki‡eb| me‡P‡q †hvM¨ ev gyËvKx nIqvI Avek¨K bq| wKš‘ kxqv wek¦vm
Abymv‡i Bmjvgx ivóªeë¯’v ivRZvwš¿K-hvRKZvwš¿K| ivóªxq BgvgZ, wLjvdvZ ev kvm‡Ki c` eskMZfv‡e bex-es‡ki
cvIbv|
Zviv `vwe K‡ib †h, ivm~jyjvn  Zuvi Idv‡Zi c‡i gymwjg iv‡óªi ivóªcÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ Avjx (iv) I Zuvi es‡ki
wba©vwiZ K‡qK e¨w³‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ Avey eKi, Dgvi, Dmgvb I Ab¨vb¨ mKj mvnvex () gyiZv` n‡q (bvEhy
wejvn!) lohš¿ K‡i Zuv‡ì‡K ewÂZ K‡ib| Kv‡RB Avjx es‡ki G gvbyl¸wjB cÖK…Z ÔBgvgÕ| Zviv ÒBgvgÓ cèx‡K
ivóªcÖav‡bi evB‡i 12 Bgvg ev 7 Bgv‡gi †¶‡Î eënvi K‡ib| Zv‡ì BgvgMY jy°vwqZ _vK‡Zb| we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì
wek¦vm Abymv‡i Øv`k Bgvg gynv¤§v` Avj-gvn`x wK‡kvi eq‡m 265 wnRix mv‡ji w`‡K Mv‡qe n‡q wM‡q‡Qb Ges GLb ch©š—
MvB‡e †_‡KB wek¦ kvmb Ki‡Qb| Kv‡RB ÒBgvgÓ-Gi AvbyMZ¨ ev evBqvZ gyj welq bq, ÒcwiPq RvbvÓ g~j welq| GRb¨
Zviv AvbyM‡Zï e`‡j ÒcwiPq RvbvÓ g‡g© Rvj nv`xm ˆZwi K‡ib| Giƒc GKwU Rvj nv`xm:
‫ﺎﻫﻠِﱠﯿ ًﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺎت ِﻤ ْﯿﺘَﺔً ﺠ‬
َ َ ‫ف إِ َﻤ َﺎم َزَﻤﺎﻨِ ِﻪ َﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﺎت َوﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﻌ ِر‬
َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬
479
Ò†h e¨w³ Zvi hy‡Mi Bgvg‡K bv †R‡b gij †m Rvwnjx g„Zz¨ gij|Ó
c¶vš—‡i mnxn nv`x‡m Bgv‡gi cwiPq jvf bq, AvbyM‡Zï K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, Z‡e hy‡Mi Bgvg bq, eis iv‡óªi Bgvg|
LvwiRxMY Zv‡ì g‡Zi we‡ivax mKj gymwjg‡K Kvwdi e‡jb| GRb¨ Zviv Zv‡ì Ô`jÕ-‡KB ÒRvgvÔAvZyj gymwjgxbÓ
e‡j `vwe Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K KvD‡K †bZv wbe©vPb K‡i Zv‡KB ÒBgvgÓ e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e Zviv RvgvAvZ
kãwU‡K ÔwdiKvÕ A‡_© Ges ÔBgvgÕ kãwU‡K ÔAvgxiÕ A‡_© eënvi K‡ib| Bmjv‡g ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ ev H‡Kï wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q
Ges ÔwdiKvÕ I ÔZvdvi&i“KÕ, A_©vr `j, wefw³ I `jv`wj wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ LvwiRxM‡Yi eënv‡i wdiKv ev `j‡KB
ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ ejv n‡Z _vKj| Dciš‘ A‡b‡K Ôwewfbœ `‡j wef³ nIqvÕ ev Ô†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv `‡j _vKvÕ-†K dih g‡b Ki‡jb Ges
wdiKvi Avgxi‡KB ÔBgvgÕ ej‡Z jvM‡jb| Gfv‡e Bmjvg wbwl× Ô`jv`wjÕ-‡K Zviv dih evwb‡q †dj‡jb| Zuviv Bmjvg wbwl×
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Contents

GKwU welq‡K Ô`xbÕ evbv‡jb!
10. 3. e¨w³i cvc-cyY¨ ebvg mgvR I iv‡óªi cvc-cyY¨
GLv‡b Av‡iv jÿYxq mgvR ev iv‡óªi cv‡ci Kvi‡Y gywg‡bi wbR Bev`Z cvj‡b Ae‡njv| A‡bK mgq Av‡eMx gymwjg
g‡b K‡ib, Òbvgvh coe Kvi wc‡Q? mevB †Zv wewfbœ cvc ev Aciv‡a RwoZÓ, A_ev g‡b K‡ib: ÒGZ cvc, Ryjyg ev Kzd‡ii
g‡a¨ †_‡K RygyAv, RvgvÔAvZ BZ¨vw` K‡i wK jvf? A_ev Av‡M G mKj cvc, Ryjyg BZ¨vw` `~i Kwi, Gici RygyAv-RvgvÔAvZ
cvjb Kie|
G Av‡eM gywgb‡K fyj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| gywg‡bi g~j `vwqZ¡ wb‡Ri Rxe‡b ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mybœvZ Abymv‡i
m‡e©v”P ch©v‡qi Bmjvg cÖwZôv I cÖwZcvjb Kiv| cvkvcvwk wZwb Ab¨‡ì‡K mva¨gZ `xb cvjb I cÖwZôvi `vIqvZ w`‡eb|
A‡bï cv‡ci `vqfvi Zvi bq| Zvi mva¨gZ `vIqvZ, Av‡`k, wb‡la, AvcwË ev N„Yvi c‡iI mgv‡Ri mKj gvbyl,
AwaKvsk gvbyl Ges mvjv‡Zi ev iv‡óªi Bgvg cv‡c wjß _vK‡j †m Rb¨ wZwb `vqx n‡eb bv ev Zvi `xb`vix ¶wZMÖ¯— n‡e
bv| cv‡ci cÖwZ N„Yv I AvcwË-mn cvcx mgv‡R evm Kiv, cvcx Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv ev cvcx kvm‡Ki AvbyMZ¨
Kivi A_© Zvi cv‡ci ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv bq ev Zvi cv‡ci Askx nIqv bq; eis HK¨ ev ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ i¶vq wb‡Ri `xbx `vwqZ¡
cvjb Kiv| gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
ْ ‫ﻀ ﱠل ِإ َذا‬
‫اﻫﺘَ َدْﯿﺘُْم‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﻀﱡرُﻛ ْم َﻤ ْن‬
ُ ‫َﻤُﻨوا َﻋﻠَْﯿ ُﻛ ْم أَْﻨﻔُ َﺴ ُﻛ ْم ﻻ َﯿ‬
َ ‫ﯿن آ‬
Ò†n gywgbMY, †Zvgv‡ì Dci ïay †Zvgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì `vwqZ¡| †Zvgiv hw` mrc‡_ _vK Z‡e †h c_åó n‡q‡Q †m
†Zvgv‡ì †Kv‡bv ¶wZ Ki‡e bv|Ó480
cvcx kvmK-cÖkvmK‡ì wcQ‡b mvjv‡Zi wel‡q ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
‫ﯿ ﱡ‬
‫َﺨطَُﺌوا َﻓﻠَ ُﻛ ْم َو َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ َ ‫ون ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم ﻓَِﺈ ْن أ‬
ْ ‫َﺼ ُﺎﺒوا َﻓﻠَ ُﻛ ْم َ ٕوِا ْن أ‬ َ ‫ﺼﻠ‬
َ ُ
ÒZviv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| hw` Zviv mwVK K‡i Z‡e †Zvgiv mvIqve cv‡e| Avi Zviv hw` Aciva
K‡i Z‡e †Zvgiv mvIqve cv‡e Ges Zviv cvcx n‡e|Ó 481
35 wnRix mv‡j Ljxdv Dmgvb (iv)-‡K g`xbvq Aei“× K‡i GK`j we‡`ªvnx cvcvPvix Ges †k‡l Zviv Zuv‡K
wbg©gfv‡e knx` K‡i| cvwcó we‡`ªvnxiv gmwR‡` beexi BgvgwZ `Lj K‡i| Giƒc Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq wel‡q
Aei“× Dmgvb (iv)-‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb:
ْ ِ‫ﺎﺠﺘَﻨ‬ ِ ْ ‫َﺤﺴن اﻟﱠﻨﺎس ﻓَﺄ‬
َ ‫ب إِ َﺴ‬
‫ﺎءﺘَﻬُ ْم‬ ْ َ‫ﺎءوا ﻓ‬ َ ‫َﺤﺴ ْن َﻤ َﻌﻬُ ْم َ ٕوِا َذا أ‬
ُ ‫َﺴ‬ ُ َ َ ْ ‫ﺎس ﻓَِﺈ َذا أ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ َﺴ ُن َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻌ َﻤ ُل اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ْ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةُ أ‬
‫ﱠ‬
Ògvbyl hZ Kg© K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ mvjvZ me‡P‡q fvj Kg©| hLb gvbyl fvj Kg© K‡i ZLb Zv‡ì mv‡_ ZzwgI fvj Kg©
Ki| Avi hLb Zviv Ab¨vq K‡i ZLb Zzwg Zv‡ì Ab¨vq eR©b Ki|Ó 482
ivóªxq cvc I Bmjvg we‡ivwaZvi cÖmvi N‡U DgvBqv hy‡M| mvnvexMY cv‡ci we‡ivwaZvi cvkvcvwk cvcx Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b
mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb I Zv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ wRnv` I Ab¨vb¨ Bev`Z cvjb Ki‡Zb| ZvwiK Beb wknve e‡jb:
‫ﺎل أَُﺒو‬َ َ‫ﺎل ﻗَ ْد ﺘُِر َك َﻤﺎ ُﻫَﻨﺎﻟِ َك َﻓﻘ‬ َ َ‫طَﺒ ِﺔ ﻓَﻘ‬ ْ ‫اﻟﺼﻼةُ ﻗَْﺒ َل اْﻟ ُﺨ‬ ‫ﺎل ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﻓَﻘَ َﺎم ِإﻟَْﯿ ِﻪ َر ُﺠ ٌل ﻓَﻘ‬ ‫ان‬ ِ ‫طﺒ ِﺔ ﯿوم اْﻟ ِﻌ ِﯿد ﻗَْﺒ َل ﱠ‬
ُ ‫اﻟﺼﻼة َﻤ ْرَو‬ ِ
َ ْ َ َ ْ ‫أ ﱠَو ُل َﻤ ْن َﺒ َدأَ ﺒﺎْﻟ ُﺨ‬
‫ول َﻤ ْن َأرَى ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛ ْم ُﻤْﻨ َﻛ ًار َﻓْﻠُﯿ َﻐﯿ ْﱢرﻩُ ﺒَِﯿ ِد ِﻩ ﻓَِﺈ ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺴﺘَ ِط ْﻊ ﻓَﺒِﻠِ َﺴﺎﻨِ ِﻪ ﻓَِﺈ ْن ﻟَ ْم‬ ُ ُ‫ َﯿﻘ‬ ‫ول اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ُ ‫ﻀﻰ َﻤﺎ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ َﺴ ِﻤ ْﻌ‬
َ ‫ت َر ُﺴ‬ ٍِ
َ َ‫َﺴﻌﯿد أَ ﱠﻤﺎ َﻫ َذا ﻓَﻘَ ْد ﻗ‬
‫ﺎن‬ِ ‫ﯿﻤ‬ ِ ُ ‫َﻀ َﻌ‬
َ ‫ف اﻹ‬ ْ ‫َﯿ ْﺴﺘَ ِط ْﻊ ﻓَﺒِ َﻘْﻠﺒِ ِﻪ َوَذِﻟ َك أ‬
ÒcÖ_g †h e¨w³ mvjvZzj C‡ì LyZev mvjv‡Zi Av‡M wb‡q Av‡m †m gviIqvb Bebyj nvKvg| ZLb GK e¨w³ Zvi
w`‡K ùvwo‡q e‡j, LyZevi Av‡M mvjvZ| gviIqvb e‡jb: ZrKvjxb wbqg cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q| ZLb Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv)
e‡jb, G e¨w³ Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Avwg ivm~jyjvn -‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ: Ô†Zvgv‡ì †KD hw` †Kvb Ab¨vq †`‡L
Z‡e †m †hb Zv Zvi evûej w`‡q cwieZ©b K‡i| hw` Zv‡Z m¶g bv nq Z‡e †m †hb Zvi e³e¨ w`‡q Zv cweeZ©b K‡i|
G‡ZI hw` m¶g bv nq Zvn‡j ‡m †hb Zvi Aš—i w`‡q Zv cwieZ©b (Kvgbv) K‡i, Avi G n‡jv Cgv‡bi `ye©jZg
ch©vq|ÕÕ 483
GLv‡b Ab¨v‡qï cÖwZev‡ì mg_©b-mn Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) gviIqv‡bi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb|
cÖwm× mvnvex Ave~ AvBEe Avbmvix (iv) Bqvwh` Beb gyAvweqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wRnv‡` Ask MÖnY K‡ib| 484 Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm×
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mvnvexI DgvBqv hy‡M Bqvwh` I Ab¨vb¨ dvwmK I Bmjvg we‡ivax AvBb-Kvbyb I wewaweav‡b wjß (LvwiRx I kxqv wePv‡i
Kvwdi) kvmK I Avgxi‡ì Aax‡b wRnv‡` Ask MÖnY K‡i‡Qb ev ivóªxq PvKix I `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Bqvwh` I cieZ©x
DgvBqv kvmK‡ì me‡P‡q KzL¨vZ cÖkvmK wQ‡jb nv¾vR Beb BDmyd| Avãyjvn Beb Dgvi (iv) I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex nv¾v‡Ri
BgvgwZ‡Z Avivdvi gv‡V mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb| 485
DgvBqv cÖkvmK Iqvjx` Beb DKev g`cvb Ki‡Zb| wZwb GKw`b gvZvj Ae¯’vq dR‡ii mvjv‡Z BgvgwZ K‡ib| Zvi
wcQ‡b Avãyjvn Beb gvmE` (iv) RvgvAv‡Z kixK wQ‡jb| Iqvjx` gvZvj Ae¯’vq _vKvi Kvi‡Y dR‡ii mvjvZ Pvi ivKAvZ
Av`vq K‡ib Ges mvjvg wdwi‡q e‡jb: Kg n‡jv wK? AviI jvM‡e? ZLb Beb gvmE` (iv) I gymjxMY e‡jb: AvR mKv‡j †Zv
Avcwb †ewk †ewkB w`‡”Qb (B‡Zvg‡a¨B `y ivKAvZ †ewk w`‡q‡Qb! Avi jvM‡e bv!)|Ó 486
GLv‡b Beb gvmE` (iv) Bgv‡gi cvc, g`cvb BZ¨vwì Kvi‡Y we‡`ªvn ev Zvi wcQ‡b mvjvZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i GKvKx
mvjv‡Zi gZ cÖKvk K‡ib wb| KviY RygyAv, mvjv‡Zi RvgvAvZ BZ¨vw` Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri HK¨, msnwZ ev ÔRvgvAv‡ZiÕ g~j
wfwË| RvgvÔAvZ i¶v Kiv Ab¨Zg `xbx `vwqZ¡| A‡bï cv‡ci Kvi‡Y gywgb wb‡Ri `xbx `vwqZ¡ eR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
Bgvg eyLvix Zuvi AvZ-ZvixLyj Kvexi MÖ‡š’ Zvweqx Avãyj Kvixg ev°v †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb, ÒAvwg `kRb mvnvexi
m½ †c‡qwQ hviv cvcx-Rvwjg kvmK-cÖkvmK‡ì wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb|Ó 487
10. 4. cvcxi wcQ‡b mvjv‡Zi weavb
cvcx Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ wbgœiƒc:
(1) mvjv‡Zi Bgvg hw` ivóªcÖavb, cÖkvmK ev ivóª wb‡qvwRZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ nb Z‡e my¯úó Ø¨_©nxb wkiK-Kzdi
cÖgvwYZ bv nIqv ch©š— Zvi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvi cv‡ci cÖwZ N„Yv, AvcwË I mva¨gZ kvwš—c~Y© cÖwZev`-mn
Zvi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq ivóªxq RvgvÔAvZ ev HK¨ I msnwZ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©kbv I mvnvexM‡Yi mybœvZ|
(2) hw` †Kv‡bv gmwR‡ì wbqwgZ wbhy³ Bgvg cvcx nb Z‡e Zvi wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ mswkó e¨w³MY cvcx n‡eb|
mvaviY gymjx hw` Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fvj Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡qi my‡hvM cvb Zvn‡j fvj, bB‡j Giƒc cvcx Bgv‡gi
wcQ‡bB mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| †bKKvi Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡qi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ my¯úó ev Ø¨_©nxb Kzdi-
wkiK bv cvIqv ch©š— †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z RvgvÔAvZ I RygyAv cwiZ¨vM Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ ev HK¨ bó
Kiv hv‡e bv| HK¨ eRvq †i‡L DËg Bgv‡gi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| G wel‡q nvbvdx dKnxMY e‡j‡Qb:
‫ف ﺘَِﻘ ﱟﻲ‬
َ ‫ﺎﻋ ِﺔ َﻟ ِﻛ ْن ﻻ َﯿَﻨﺎ ُل ِﻤ ْﺜ َل ﻤﺎ َﯿَﻨﺎ ُل َﺨْﻠ‬
َ ‫اب اْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬
ِ َ‫ف ﻤْﺒﺘَِد ٍع أو ﻓ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎﺴ‬
َ ‫ق ﻓَﻬُ َو ُﻤ ْﺤ ِرٌز ﺜََو‬ ُ َ ‫َوﻟَ ْو ﺼﻠﻰ َﺨْﻠ‬
Òhw` †KD †Kv‡bv we`ÔAvZ-cš’x ev dvwmK-cvcvPvixi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Z‡e †m RvgvAv‡Zi mvIqve jvf
Ki‡e; Z‡e gyËvKx Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡qi gZ mvIqve cv‡e bv|Ó 488
(3) hvi Bgvg wb‡qvM †Ìqvi ev gmwR` evQvB Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q Zv‡K Aek¨B mybœv‡Zi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i gyËvKx,
Kvix I Avwjg Bgvg wb‡qv‡Mi ev Zvi wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`v‡qi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. 5. e¨w³MZ Bev`Z ebvg ivóªxq Bev`Z
Bmjvg cwic~Y© Rxebeë¯’v| KziAvb I nv`x‡m gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj w`‡Ki wewaweavb we`¨gvb| †Kv‡bv weavb
e¨w³MZfv‡e cvjbxq, †Kv‡bv weavb mvgvwRKfv‡e ev ivóªxqfv‡e cvjbxq| cÖ‡Z¨K weavb cvj‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ kZ©vw`
i‡q‡Q| KziAv‡b ÔmvjvZÕ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avevi KziAv‡b Ô‡Pv‡ii nvZ KvUviÕ, Ôe¨wfPvixi †eÎvNv‡ZiÕ
I ÔwRnv`Õ ev ÔwKZv‡jiÕ wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Bev`ZwU e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK I ivóªxqfv‡e cvjbxq| Ab¨ †KD cvjb
bv Ki‡jI gywgb‡K e¨w³Mfv‡e cvjb Ki‡ZB n‡e| wKš‘ wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© wb‡`©kwU Ôivóªxqfv‡eÕ cvjbxq| KL‡bvB
GKRb gywgb Zv e¨w³MZ ev †MvwôMZ-fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| †Kvb&wU e¨w³MZ I †Kvb&wU ivóªxq Zv ivm~jyjvn  I
mvnvexM‡Yi Kg©aviv †_‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e|
10. 5. 1. mvjvZ I mvjv‡Zi RvgvAvZ
Avgiv †`LwQ †h, mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK ev ivóªxq `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q| mvjvZ Bmjv‡gi Ab¨Zg i“Kb|
†h †Kv‡bv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z I †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b gywg‡bi Ab¨Zg †kªô dih AvBb Bev`Z ÒmvjvZÓ Av`vq Kiv| Avi mvjv‡Zi
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GKwU we‡kl w`K ÒRvgvÔAvZÓ| gywg‡bi Rb¨ cuvP Iqv³ dih mvjvZ RvgvAv‡Z Av`vq Kiv Ri“ix| dKxnM‡Yi
†KD RvgvÔAvZ ÔdihÕ, †KD ÔIqvwReÕ Ges †KD ÔIqvwRe ch©v‡qi mybœvZÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e mK‡jB GKgZ †h,
we‡kl IRi Qvov ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ cwiZ¨vM K‡i GKvKx mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv KwVb †Mvbv‡ni KvR| Avi RygyAvi mvjvZ I C‡ì
mvjvZ RvgvAv‡Z Av`vq Kiv kZ©|
mybœv‡Zi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i RvgvAv‡Zi Rb¨ mwVK eë¯’vcbv, †hvM¨ Bgvg wb‡qvM BZ¨vw` gywg‡bi e¨w³MZ dih Bev`Z
bq, ivóª ev mgv‡Ri mvgwóK dih ev Ôdih wKdvqvÕ Bev`Z| G‡¶‡Î hv‡ì `vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv i‡q‡Q Zviv Ae‡njv Ki‡j cvcx
n‡eb| e¨w³ gywgb mva¨gZ †Póv, Ab¨v‡qi AvcwË I m‡Zï `vIqvZ w`‡eb| wKš‘ A‡bï cv‡ci Kvi‡Y ev A‡bï Dci ivM K‡i
wb‡Ri ÔRvgvÔAvZÕ i¶vi `vwqZ¡ bó K‡i wb‡R cv‡c wjß n‡eb bv| mgv‡Ri cv‡ci cÖwZev‡` wb‡R ÔRvgvZ Zi‡KiÕ cv‡c wjß
nIqv Bmjv‡gi wb‡`©kbv mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
10. 5. 2. n¾, C`yj Avhnv I C`yj wdZi
mvjvZ Qvov Av‡iv `ywU ivóª-mswkó Bev`‡Zi K_v Zvnvex D‡jL K‡i‡Qb: n¾ I wRnv`| Ab¨vb¨ AvKx`vwe` I dKxn
mvjvZzj RygyAv I `y C‡ì K_vI D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÖwm× Kvjvgwe` Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb AvkAvix (324wn) e‡jb:
‫وﻤن دﯿﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻨﺼﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ واﻷﻋﯿﺎد وﺴﺎﺌر اﻟﺼﻠوات واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﺨﻠف ﻛل ﺒر وﻓﺎﺠر ﻛﻤﺎ روى أن ﻋﺒد اﷲ ﺒن‬
‫ﻋﻤر ﻛﺎن ﯿﺼﻠﻲ ﺨﻠف اﻟﺤﺠﺎج‬
ÒAvi Avgv‡ì `x‡bi Ab¨Zg w`K †h, Avgiv RygyAvi mvjvZ, C`¸‡jv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj mvjvZ Ges RvgvAvZ
mKj †bKKvi I e`Kv‡ii wcQ‡b Av`vq Kwi| †hgwbfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Avãyjøvn Beb Dgvi (iv) nv¾vR Beb
BDmy‡di wcQ‡b mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb|Ó 489
n¾ Bmjv‡gi cuvP i“K‡bi †kl i“Kb| GwU g~jZ e¨w³MZ dih Bev`Z| gywgb †h †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq n¾ dih n‡j Zv
Av`vq Ki‡eb| cvkvcvwk n‡¾i eë¯’vcbv ivóªxq welq| n‡¾i ZvwiL †NvlYv, Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, AvivdvZ, gyh`vwjdv,
wgbvq Bgvg wbhy³ Kiv BZ¨vw` Kg© Aek¨B ivóª wbqwš¿Z n‡Z n‡e| ivóªeë¯’v ev ivóªcÖav‡bi cvc, Ab¨vq, Bmjvg we‡ivax
gZvgZ ev Ryjy‡gi Kvi‡Y G‡¶‡Î n¾ eÜ Kiv ev ivóª †NvwlZ Puv` †`Lv‡K evwZj K‡i wb‡R‡ì B”QvgZ n¾ Av`vq Kiv
gywg‡bi Rb¨ êa bq|
C`yj Avhnv Ges C`yj wdZ‡iiI GKB weavb| nv`xm kix‡d ÔPuv` †`‡L wmqvg I C`yj wdZ‡iiÕ wb‡`©k †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Gi A_© G bq †h, †h †KD †hLv‡b B”Qv Puv` †`L‡jB C` Kiv hv‡e| ivóªxqfv‡e Zvi mv¶¨ M„nxZ n‡j ev Puv`
†`Lv cÖgvwYZ n‡jB ïay C` Kiv hv‡e| ivóªxq cÖkvmb I mgv‡Ri wm×v‡š—i wfwË‡Z C` cvjb Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q ivm~jyjvn
() e‡jb:
ِ ْ ‫اْﻟِﻔ‬
ُ ‫ﻀ ﱢﺤﻲ اﻟﱠﻨ‬
‫ﺎس‬ َ ‫َﻀ َﺤﻰ َﯿ ْوَم ُﯿ‬ ُ ‫ط ُر َﯿ ْوَم ُﯿ ْﻔط ُر اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺎس َواﻷ‬
Ò†h w`b mKj gvbyl C`yj wdZ&i cvjb Ki‡e †m w`bB C`yj wdZ&i-Gi w`b Ges †hw`b mKj gvbyl C`yj Avhnv cvjb
Ki‡e †m w`bB C`yj Avhnvi w`b|Ó490
cÖwm× Zvweqx gvmiƒK e‡jb, Avwg GKevi Avivdvi w`‡b, A_©vr whjnv¾ gv‡mi 9 Zvwi‡L Av‡qkv (iv)-Gi wbKU Mgb
Kwi| wZwb e‡jb, gvmiƒK‡K QvZz LvIqvI Ges Zv‡Z wgwó †ewk K‡i `vI| gvmiƒK e‡jb, Avwg ejjvg, Avivdvi w`b wnmv‡e
AvR †Zv †ivhv ivLv ìKvi wQj, Z‡e Avwg GKwUgvÎ Kvi‡Y †ivhv ivwL wb, Zv n‡jv, Puv` †`Lvi wel‡q gZ‡f` _vKvi Kvi‡Y
Avgvi fq nw”Qj †h, AvR nqZ Puv‡ì `k ZvwiL ev Kzievbxi w`b n‡e| ZLb Av‡qkv (iv) e‡jb:
ِ ِ ْ ‫ﺎم َواْﻟ ِﻔ‬ ِ
‫ﺎم‬
ُ ‫ط ُر َﯿ ْوَم ُﯿ ْﻔط ُر اﻹ َﻤ‬ ُ ‫اَﻟﱠﻨ ْﺤ ُر َﯿ ْوَم َﯿ ْﻨ َﺤ ُر اﻹ َﻤ‬
†hw`b ivóªcÖavb Kzievbxi w`b wnmv‡e cvjb Ki‡eb †m w`bB Kzievbxi w`b| Avi †hw`b ivóªcÖavb C`yj wdZi cvjb
Ki‡e †m w`bB C‡ì w`b|Ó 491
gywg‡bi Rb¨ wbR †`‡ki miKvi I RbM‡Yi mv‡_ HKë×fv‡e C` Kiv ivm~jyjvn -Gi wb‡`©k| Ab¨ †`‡ki Lei
†Zv `~‡ii K_v hw` †KD wb‡R Puv` †`‡Lb wKš‘ ivóª Zvi mv¶¨ MÖnY bv K‡i Zvn‡j wZwbI GKvKx msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li
wecix‡Z C` Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| mvnvex-ZvweqxMY e‡j‡Qb †h, G‡¶‡Î fyj n‡jI C`, n¾, Kzievbx meB Av`vq n‡q
hv‡e| G‡¶‡Î fy‡ji Rb¨ gywgb KL‡bvB `vqx n‡eb bv| 492
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miKv‡ii cvcvPvi ev Bmjvg we‡ivwaZvi ARynv‡Z G mKj †ÿ‡Î miKvix wm×vš— j•Nb Kiv kixqZ wbwl×| †Kv‡bv
gymwjg †`k‡K Ô`viæj nvieÕ ev ÔZvM~ZxÕ ivóª e‡j MY¨ Kiv LvwiRx I kxqvM‡Yi c×wZ| Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAvZ
kvmK ev miKv‡ii cvc ev Kzdixi Kvi‡Y gymwjg‡ì †`k‡K Kvwd‡ii †`k evbvb wb| Bqvhx‡ì Ryjg-cv‡ci ivóª, gvg~‡bi
Kzdix gZev‡ì ivóª, AvKev‡ii `xb Bjvnxi ivóª I Ab¨vb¨ mKj gymwjg ivóª‡KB Zviv Ô`viæj BmjvgÕ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb
Ges RygyAv, RvgvÔAvZ, C`, wRnv`, n¾ BZ¨vw` mKj wel‡q Giƒc mKj †`‡k `vi“j Bmjv‡gi AvnKvg cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
eZ©gv‡b Ômviv we‡k¦ GKw`‡b C`Õ wel‡q A‡bK K_v ejv n‡”Q| Z‡e ÔmKj †`‡k GKw`‡b C`Õ cvj‡bi bv‡g ÔGKB
†`‡k GKvwaK w`‡b C`Õ cvjb wbtm‡›`‡n Bmjvgx wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| welqwU wb‡q ZvwË¡K M‡elYv I gZwewbgq
Aek¨B n‡Z cv‡i| ivóª hw` HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Puv` †`Lvi mvÿ¨ MÖnY K‡i †NvlYv †`q Z‡e RbMY Zv
AbymiY Ki‡e| Z‡e Avgv‡ì eyS‡Z n‡e †h, gnvb Avjvn Bmjvg‡K mnR-cvjbxq K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b cÖhyw³i DrKl©Zvi
Kvi‡Y we‡k¦i †Kv_vI Puv` DV‡j mKj †`‡kB Zv Rvbv m¤¢e| wKš‘ AZx‡Z Zv wQj bv| Avi `~ieZ©x GjvKvi Puv‡ì Lei
wb‡Z †KD †Póv K‡ib wb| g`xbvq Puv` †`Lvi c‡i -C`yj wdZi ev C`yj Avhnvq ivZvivwZ ev 9 w`‡bi g‡a¨- `ª“Z `~ieZ©x
AÂ‡j msev` cÖ`v‡bi †Póv ev me©Î GKB w`‡b C` n‡”Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kivi †Póv ivm~jyjvn  ev Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb
K‡ib wb| mvnvexM‡Yi hyM †_‡KB GKvwaK wè‡m C` n‡q‡Q| 493 GKvwaK w`‡b C` cvjb welqK nv`xmwU D×„Z K‡i Bgvg
wZiwghx e‡jb:
‫َﻫ ِل َﺒﻠٍَد ُرْؤَﯿﺘَﻬُ ْم‬
ْ ‫َن ﻟِ ُﻛ ﱢل أ‬
‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟ ِﻌْﻠِم أ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﯿث ِﻋْﻨ َد أ‬
ِ ‫واْﻟﻌﻤ ُل ﻋﻠَﻰ ﻫ َذا اْﻟﺤ ِد‬
َ َ َ ََ َ
ÒAvwjgM‡Yi wm×vš— G nv`x‡mi Dc‡iB: cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki gvbyl Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Puv` †`Lvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e|Ó 494
e¯‘Z, mvnvex-ZvweqxMY I cieZ©x AvwjgMY wewfbœ †`‡k GKvwaK w`‡b C` cvjb‡K Bmjvgx wb‡`©kbvi we‡ivax e‡j
MY¨ K‡ib wb| c¶vš—‡i GKB iv‡óªi g‡a¨ ev GKB Bgv‡gi (ivóªcÖav‡bi) Aax‡b GKvwaK w`‡b C` cvjb‡K mK‡jB wbwl×,
A‰ea I Bmjvgx wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
10. 5. 3. wRnv`
ÔwRnv`Õ A_© cÖ‡Póv, msMÖvg, cwikªg ev Kó| wbqwgZ cwic~Y© Ih~, Rvgv‡Z mvjvZ, n¾, Avjvni AvbyMZ¨-g~jK ev
AvZ¥ïw×-g~jK Kg©, n‡°i `vIqvZ BZ¨vw` Bev`Z‡K nv`xm kix‡d ÒwRnv`Ó ev Ò†kªôZg wRnv`Ó ejv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Bmjvgx
cwifvlvq wRnv` A_© Ògymwjg iv‡óªi ivóªxq hy×|Ó G hy‡×iB bvg wKZvj| cvwifvwlK fv‡e wRnv` I wKZvj GKB welq| 495
wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g Rxeb I m¤ú` Kzievwb †Ìqv AZ¨š— eo Z¨vM| GRb¨ G Bev`‡Zi cyi¯‹viI Afvebxq| KziAvb I
nv`x‡m wRnv‡ì Adziš— cyi¯‹v‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ges G Bev`Z cvj‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl Drmvn †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| G mKj AvqvZ I
nv`x‡mi A_© wRnv` hLb êa ev Riæix n‡e ZLb †h e¨w³ gvbexq `ye©jZvi E‡aŸ© D‡V wRnv‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e ZLb †m G
cyi¯‹vi jvf Ki‡e|
wRnv‡ì AvMÖn gywg‡bi ü`‡q _vK‡e| wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g Rxeb I m¤ú‡ì Kzievbxi cÖwZ Abxnv Cgvbx `ye©jZvi
cÖgvY| ivm~jyjvn  e‡j‡Qb:
ٍ ‫ﺎت َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﺸ ْﻌَﺒ ٍﺔ ِﻤ ْن ﻨِﻔَﺎ‬
‫ق‬ َ ‫ث ﺒِ ِﻪ َﻨ ْﻔ َﺴﻪُ َﻤ‬
ْ ‫ َوﻟَ ْم ُﯿ َﺤ ﱢد‬، ‫ﺎت َوﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﻐ ُز‬
َ ‫َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬
Òhw` †KD GgZve¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡i †h, †m h‡y× AskMÖnY K‡i wb Ges hy×vwfhv‡b AskMÖn‡Yi †Kv‡bv K_vI wb‡Ri
gb‡K KL‡bv e‡j wb, Z‡e †m e¨w³ gybvwdKxi GKwU kvLvi Dci g„ZzëiY Ki‡e|Ó 496
Avgiv †`Le †h, mvaviYfv‡e wRnv` dih wKdvqv Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv dih AvBb| dih wKdvqv Ae¯’vq hw` mKj
gymwjg Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ges dih AvBb Ae¯’vq hw` gymwjgMY Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i Z‡e Zv Zv‡ì RvMwZK jvÃbv e‡q
Avb‡e| ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
‫ط اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﻋَﻠ ْﯿ ُﻛ ْم ُذﻻ ﻻ َﯿْﻨ ِزُﻋﻪُ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَْر ِﺠ ُﻌوا‬
َ ‫ َﺴﻠﱠ‬،‫ﺎد‬
َ َ‫ َوﺘََرْﻛﺘُْم اْﻟ ِﺠﻬ‬،‫ﺎﻟزْرِع‬ ِ ‫ ور‬،‫َﺨ ْذﺘُم أَ ْذَﻨﺎب اْﻟﺒﻘَ ِر‬
‫ﻀﯿﺘُ ْم ﺒِ ﱠ‬ ََ َ َ
ِ ِ
ْ َ ‫ َوأ‬،‫إِ َذا ﺘََﺒ َﺎﯿ ْﻌﺘُ ْم ﺒِﺎْﻟﻌ َﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫إِﻟَﻰ ِدﯿﻨِ ُﻛ ْم‬
ÒhLb †Zvgiv A‰ea eëmvevwY‡R¨ wjß n‡e, Mevw`cïi †jR aviY Ki‡e, Pvlvev‡`B Zzó _vK‡e Ges Avjvni iv¯—vq
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Contents

wRnv` cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e ZLb Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì Dci jvÃbv Pvwc‡q w`‡eb, `x‡b cÖZ¨veZ©b bv Kiv ch©š— hv wZwb
AcmviY Ki‡eb bv|Ó 497
G mKj dhxjZ I wb‡`©kbv welqK AvqvZ I nv`xm‡K wb‡R‡ì Av‡eM Abymv‡i e¨vL¨v K‡i LvwiRxMY wRnv`‡K
dih AvBb e‡j `vwe K‡ib| Zviv b¨v‡qi Av‡`k-Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la Ges wRnv‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ K‡ib bv| GgbwK Zviv wRnv`‡K
Bmjv‡gi lô i“Kb ev eo dih e‡j MY¨ K‡ib| Zviv Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev`, `xb cÖwZôv ev wRnv‡ì bv‡g e¨w³MZ ev †MvôxMZfv‡e
AvBb nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb ev mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva, AvµgY, nZ¨v BZ¨vw` K‡g© wjß n‡q‡Qb|498
Zv‡ì wecix‡Z kxqvMY Ògvm~g (wb®úvc) Bgvg-Gi †bZ…Z¡ Qvov wRnv` n‡e bvÓ e‡j `vwe K‡ib| Zv‡ì wek¦v‡m Øv`k
Bgvg gynv¤§v` Avj-gvn`x (256-275 wn) 275 wnRix mvj †_‡K A`„k¨ RM‡Z jywK‡q i‡q‡Qb| wZwbB Bgvg gvn`x wn‡m‡e
Avwef©~Z n‡eb| Zuvi Avwef©v‡ei c‡i Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ wRnv` Ki‡Z n‡e|499
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ wRnv`‡K ivóª wbqwš¿Z mvgwóK dih ev dih wKdvqv e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| b¨v‡qi
Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la gymwjg e¨w³MZfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ wRnv` Aek¨B iv‡óªi wbqš¿‡Y n‡e| LvwiRx I
kxqv g‡Zi mv‡_ Zv‡ì †gŠwjK wZbwU cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q: (1) wRnv` dih wKdvqv Bev`Z, (2) wRnv‡ì Rb¨ ivócÖav‡bi
†bZ…Z¡ Riæix Ges (3) ivóªcÖav‡bi gyËvKx ev †bKKvi nIqv Riæix bq| Avgiv Z…Zxq welqwU B‡Zvc~‡e© †R‡bwQ| GLv‡b
Ab¨ `ywU welq ch©v‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjøvn|
10. 5. 4. wRnv` dih wKdvqv
Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, LvwiRxMY wRnv`‡K dih AvBb cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ wRnv‡ì dhxjZ I wb‡`©k welqK mvaviY AvqvZ I
nv`xm †ck K‡ib| Dc‡i K‡qKwU nv`xm Avgiv D‡jøL K‡iwQ| Ab¨ GK Avqv‡Z Avjøvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬
ً ‫َﻤُﻨوا ُﺨ ُذوا ﺤ ْذ َرُﻛ ْم ﻓَ ْﺎﻨﻔ ُروا ﺜَُﺒﺎت أ َِو ْاﻨﻔ ُروا َﺠﻤ‬
‫ﯿﻌﺎ‬ َ ‫ﯿن آ‬
Ò†n Cgvb`viMY, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki Ges (hy‡×) †ewi‡q hvI `‡j `‡j A_ev †ewi‡q hvI
GK‡Î|Ó500
LvwiRxMY e‡jb, G mKj AvqvZ I nv`x‡m gywgb‡ì‡K wRnv‡ì wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges wRnv` cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z
wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Kv‡iv AbygwZ ev †bZ…Z¡ MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq wb| G‡Z cÖgvY nq †h, wRnv` dih AvBb, Gi
Rb¨ Kv‡iv AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
Zuviv e‡jb: gnvb Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb: Ò‡Zvgv‡ì Dci wmqvg wjwce× Kiv n‡jvÓ 501 Ges wZwbB e‡j‡Qb: Ò †Zvgv‡ì Dci
wKZvj (hy×) wjwce× Kiv n‡jvÓ502| Kv‡RB wmqvg †hgb dih AvBb †Zgwb wKZvj ev hy×I dih AvBb|
Zuv‡ì weåvwšÍi KviY KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wKQz e³e¨‡K mybœv‡Z beexi mvgwMÖK AvIZv †_‡K †ei K‡i Abyave‡bi †Póv|
KziAvb I nv`x‡m gvbe Rxe‡bi mKj w`‡Ki wewaweavb we`¨gvb| cÖ‡Z¨K weavb cvj‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ kZ©vw` i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
†Kv‡bv Bev`‡Zi kZ©vewj KziAv‡b GK‡Î ev GK¯’v‡b D‡jL Kiv nq wb| GQvov AwaKvsk Bev`‡Zi mKj kZ© KziAv‡b D‡jL
Kiv nq wb| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi mvgwMÖK weavb ev ivm~jyjvn  -Gi mvgwMÖK Rxeb I G mKj wb‡`©k cvj‡b Zuvi ixwZ-c×wZ
†_‡KB †m¸‡jvi kZ© I c×wZ eyS‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j weåvwš—‡Z wbcwZZ n‡Z n‡e| †hgb gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ق اﻟﻠﱠْﯿ ِل‬ ِ ُ‫اﻟﺼﻼةَ ِﻟ ُدﻟ‬
ِ ‫وك اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻤ‬
ِ ‫س إِﻟَﻰ َﻏ َﺴ‬ ‫أ َِﻗِم ﱠ‬
Òm~h© X‡j cov †_‡K ivwÎi Nb AÜKvi ch©š— mvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e|Ó 503
G wb‡`©‡ki Dci wbf©i K‡i hw` †KD m~h©v‡¯—i mgq mvjv‡Z iZ nb Z‡e wZwb wb‡R hZB `vwe Ki“b, g~jZ Zv
Bmjvgx Bev`vZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv, eis Zv cvc I nvivg Kg© e‡j MY¨ n‡e| KviY ivm~jyjvn () nv`xm kix‡d Ôm~h© †n‡j
covi ci †_‡K ivwÎ ch©šÕ— mg‡qi g‡a¨ mvjvZ Av`v‡qi êa I A‰ea mgq wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb Ges m~h©v‡¯—i mgq mvjvZ
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Contents
Av`vq A‰ea K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wk¶vi evB‡i gbMovfv‡e KziAvb Kvix‡gi A_© ev
e¨vL¨v Kiv Avgv‡ì‡K Bev`‡Zi bv‡g cv‡ci g‡a¨ wjß K‡i|
wRnv` welqK AvqvZ I nv`xmI Abyiƒc| †Kv_vI mvaviY wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges †Kv_vI Gi ¯Íi I weavb D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GK Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q:
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﯿل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺒِﺄ َْﻤ َو ِاﻟ ِﻬ ْم َوأ َْﻨﻔُ ِﺴ ِﻬ ْم َﻓ ﱠ‬
ِ ِ‫ون ِﻓﻲ ﺴﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﯿن َﻏ ْﯿ ُر أُوﻟِﻲ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ
ُ‫ﻀ َل اﻟﻠﻪ‬ َ َ ‫اﻟﻀ َرِر َواْﻟ ُﻤ َﺠﺎﻫ ُد‬ َ ‫ون ﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨ‬
َ ‫ﻻ َﯿ ْﺴﺘَِوي اْﻟﻘَﺎﻋ ُد‬
... ‫ﯿن َد َر َﺠﺔً َو ُﻛﻼ� َو َﻋ َد اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ اْﻟ ُﺤ ْﺴَﻨﻰ‬ ِِ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﯿن ﺒِﺄ َْﻤ َواﻟ ِﻬ ْم َوأَْﻨﻔُﺴ ِﻬ ْم َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟﻘَﺎﻋد‬
ِِ
َ ‫اْﻟ ُﻤ َﺠﺎﻫد‬
gywgb‡ì g‡a¨ hviv †Kv‡bv Amyweav bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I (wRnv` bv K‡i) N‡i e‡m _v‡K Ges hviv Avjvni c‡_ wb‡R‡ì
cÖvY I m¤ú` Øviv wRnv` K‡i Zviv mgvb bq| hviv wb‡R‡ì cÖvY I m¤ú` Øviv wRnv` K‡i Avjvn Zv‡ì‡K hviv N‡i e‡m
_v‡K Zv‡ì Dci gh©v`v w`‡q‡Qb| Dfq cÖKv‡ii gywgb‡KB Avjvn Kj¨v‡Yi (Rvbœv‡Zi) cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q‡Qb ....|Ó 504
G Avqv‡Z Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wRnv` dih wKdvqv Bev`Z| †Kv‡bv Amyweav bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I hw` †KD wRnv`
cwiZ¨vM K‡i Z‡e †m cvcx n‡e bv| Z‡e hviv G Bev`Z cvjb Ki‡eb ZuvivB ïay Gi mvIqve I gh©v`v jvf Ki‡eb|
LvwiRxMY mvaviYfv‡e avwg©K I mgv‡Ri cvcvPv‡i e¨w_Z| Z‡e `ªæZ me wKQz fvj K‡i †djvi Av‡eM Ges we‡ivax
gvbyl‡ì‡K wbg©~j Kivi Av‡µvk GKwÎZ n‡q Zv‡ì‡K AÜ K‡i †d‡j| Zviv `ywU wel‡qi Rb¨ D`MÖxe n‡q _v‡Kb: (1) †h
†Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z gymwjg‡K Kvwdi e‡j cÖgvY Kiv Ges (2) †h †Kv‡bv ARynv‡Z wRnv‡ì bv‡g e¨w³MZ ev †MvôxMZ mk¯¿
AvµgY êa Kiv| wRnv` dih wKdvqv Ges wRnv‡ì Rb¨ ivóªcÖav‡bi Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wel‡q hw` †Kv‡bv dKx‡ni
e³e¨ Zv‡ì‡K ejv nq Z‡e Zviv e‡jb: Avgiv Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~j ()-Gi K_v Qvov wKQzB gvwb bv| Avevi hLb Zv‡ì
g‡Zi evB‡i KziAvb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨ Zv‡ì mvg‡b †ck Kiv nq ZLb e‡jb: AgyK ev ZgyK Avwjg G¸‡jv‡K gvbm~L ev
iwnZ e‡j‡Qb! Avi G c×wZ‡ZB Zviv Dc‡ii AvqvZwU‡KI gvbm~L ev iwnZ e‡j `vwe K‡ib|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg gvbm~L kãwU e¨vL¨v I mgš^q A‡_© eënvi Ki‡Zb| †hgb G AvqvZ †_‡K eySv hvq †h, mÿg e¨w³
wRnv` bv Ki‡j †Kv‡bv mg‡q I †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB †Kv‡bv Aciva n‡e bv| wKš‘ m~iv ZvIevq Avjøvn Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, ivóªcÖavb
wb‡`©k †Ìqvi c‡i wRnv` bv Kiv KwVb kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| 505 GRb¨ †Kv‡bv Avwjg e‡j‡Qb †h, ZvIevi AvqvZ Øviv gvwq`vi
AvqvZ gvbm~L| A_©vr GKwU we‡kl mg‡q I we‡kl Ae¯’vq wRnv` dih wKdvqv nIqvi weavbwU iwnZ nq Ges wRnv`
cwiZ¨vMKvix cvcx nq| GwU n‡jv ivóªcÖav‡bi wb‡`©‡ki Ae¯’v| Giƒc ¯^vfvweK mgš^q Qvov KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb †Kv‡bv
AvqvZ‡K iwnZ e‡j `vwe Kivi A_© gvby‡li K_vq ev gvby‡li gb-gwR© Abymv‡i Inx‡K evwZj Kiv|
nv`xm kix‡d welqwU Av‡iv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivm~jyjøvn  e‡jb:
‫ﻀ ِﻪ اﻟﱠﺘِﻲ‬ ِ ‫ﯿل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ أَو ﺠﻠَس ِﻓﻲ أَر‬
ْ َ َ ْ
ِ ِ‫ﺎﺠر ِﻓﻲ ﺴﺒ‬
َ
ِ ْ ‫ﱠﻼةَ وﺼﺎم رﻤﻀﺎن َﻛﺎن ﺤﻘ�ﺎ ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ أ‬
َ َ ‫َن ُﯿ ْدﺨﻠَﻪُ اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨﺔَ َﻫ‬
ِ
َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ‫آﻤ َن ﺒِﺎﻟﻠﻪ َوَر ُﺴوﻟِﻪ َوأَ َﻗ َﺎم اﻟﺼ‬
ِ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫َﻤ ْن‬
‫ﱠ‬ ِِ ِ ‫ﺎﻫِد‬
ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ٍ ِ ِ ِ َ ِ‫ﺎس ﺒِ َذﻟ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ
ُ‫ َﻓِﺈ َذا َﺴﺄَْﻟﺘُُم اﻟﻠﻪَ ﻓَ َﺴﻠُوﻩ‬... ‫ﯿن ﻓﻲ َﺴﺒِﯿﻠﻪ‬ َ ‫َﻋ ﱠد َﻫﺎ اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻟْﻠ ُﻤ َﺠ‬ َ ‫ك َﻗﺎ َل إِ ﱠن ﻓﻲ اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨﺔ ﻤ َﺎﺌﺔَ َدَرَﺠﺔ أ‬ َ ‫ُوﻟِ َد ﻓ‬
َ ‫ﯿﻬﺎ ﻗَﺎﻟُوا َﯿﺎ َر ُﺴو َل اﻟﻠﻪ أَﻓَ َﻼ ُﻨَﻨﺒﱢﺊُ اﻟﱠﻨ‬
... ‫اْﻟِﻔ ْرَد ْو َس‬
Ò†h e¨w³ Avjøvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j -Gi Dci Cgvb Avb‡e, mvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki‡e, ivgv`v‡bi wmqvg cvjb Ki‡e
Avjøvn wbR `vwq‡Z¡ Zuv‡K Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡eb, †m e¨w³ Avjøvni iv¯Ívq wnRiZ KiæK A_ev †h gvwU‡Z †m Rb¥MÖnY
K‡i‡Q †mLv‡B e‡m _vKzK| ZLb mvnvexMY e‡jb: †n Avjøvni ivm~j, Avgiv wK G welqwU gvbyl‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q †è bv?
ZLb wZwb e‡jb: Rvbœv‡Zi g‡a¨ 100wU gh©v`vi ¯Íi we`¨gvb †h¸‡jv‡K Avjøvn Zuvi iv¯Ívq wRnv`Kvix‡ì Rb¨ ˆZwi
K‡i‡Qb... †Zvgiv hLb PvB‡e ZLb Ôwdi`vDmÕ-B PvB‡e...| Ó 506
A_©vr dih AvBb Bev`Z¸‡jv cvj‡bi ci gywg‡bi DwPZ Kvwdi †`k †_‡K wnRiZ K‡i `viæj Bmjvg ev Bmjv‡gi iv‡óª
G‡m ivóªcÖav‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wRnv‡` kixK nIqv| hw` wZwb wnRiZ I wRnv‡` Ask MÖnY bv K‡ib Z‡e cvcx e‡j MY¨ n‡eb bv| eis
dih AvBb Bev`Z¸‡jv cvjb Kivi Kvi‡Y gnvb Avjøvn Zuv‡K RvbœvZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| wKš‘ Zv n‡jv me©wb¤œ gh©v`vi RvbœvZ|
wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g gywgb D”PZi gh©v`vi RvbœvZ jvf K‡ib| gywg‡bi DwPZ wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g †kÖô Rvbœv‡Zi evmbv ü`‡q jvjb Kiv
I Avjøvni Kv‡Q Zv cÖv_©bv Kiv|
G A‡_© GK nv`x‡m Ave~ mvC` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb:
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ِ‫ﯿل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺒِﻤﺎﻟِ ِﻪ وﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴﻪ‬ ِ ِ
ِ ِ‫ﺎل رُﺠ ٌل ُﯿ َﺠﺎﻫ ُد ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒ‬ ِ ‫َي اﻟﱠﻨ‬ َ َ‫ ﻓَﻘ‬ ‫إِ ﱠن َرُﺠﻼ أَﺘَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱠﻲ‬
ََ َ َ َ َ َ‫ﻀ ُل ) ﯿﺎ رﺴول اﷲ(؟ َﻓﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺎس أَ ْﻓ‬ ‫ﺎل أ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟزَﻛﺎةَ َوَﯿ ْﻌُﺒ ُد َرﺒﱠﻪُ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻼةَ وُﯿ ْؤﺘِﻲ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ِ َ َ‫ﺎل ﺜُﱠم ﻤ ْن؟ ﻗ‬
َ ‫ﯿم ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ ُﯿﻘ‬:‫ﺎل ُﻤ ْؤﻤ ٌن ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَ ِزٌل ﻓﻲ ﺸ ْﻌب ﻤ ْن اﻟﺸ َﻌﺎب َﯿ ْﻌُﺒ ُد اﻟﻠﻪَ َرﺒﱠﻪُ )وﻓﻲ رواﯿﺔ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺎس ِﻤ ْن َﺸ ﱢرِﻩ‬
َ ‫ﯿن( َوَﯿ َدعُ اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ِ ِ
ُ ‫َﯿﺄْﺘَﯿﻪُ اْﻟَﯿﻘ‬
ÒGKe¨w³ ivm~jyjvn -Gi wbKU G‡m e‡j, †n Avjvni ivm~j, m‡e©vËg gvbyl †K? wZwb e‡jb: †h gywgb wb‡Ri Rxeb I
m¤ú` w`‡q Avjvni iv¯—vq wRnv` K‡i| †jvKwU e‡j, Gici m‡e©vËg †K? wZwb e‡jb: †h gywgb gvbyl‡ì †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q
GKvKx weRb DcZ¨vKvq †_‡K Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Bev`Z K‡i (wØZxq eY©bvq: Gfv‡e wbR©‡b GKvKx †m mvjvZ Kv‡qg K‡i,
hvKvZ †`q, g„Zz¨ AvMgb ch©š— Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Bev`Z K‡i) Ges gvby‡li †Kv‡bv ¶wZ K‡i bv|Ó507
Gfv‡e wRnv`Kvix m‡e©vËg gh©v`v jvf Ki‡jb| Gi wecix‡Z mgvR I wRnv` cwiZ¨vM K‡i weR‡b wbR©‡b GKvKx
emevm K‡i `x‡bi AviKvb I AvnKvg cvj‡bi Kvi‡Y wØZxq e¨w³ gh©v`vq wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi Ki‡jb| wZwb wRnv‡ì
gh©v`v †_‡K ewÂZ n‡jb, Z‡e cvcx e‡j MY¨ n‡jb bv|
‫ﯿن َوِﻟُﯿْﻨ ِذ ُروا ﻗَ ْو َﻤﻬُ ْم إِ َذا َر َﺠ ُﻌوا إِﻟَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬
ِ ‫طﺎﺌِﻔَﺔٌ ِﻟَﯿﺘَﻔَﻘﱠﻬُوا ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱢد‬
َ ‫ون ﻟَِﯿ ْﻨ ِﻔ ُروا َﻛﺎﻓﱠﺔً َﻓﻠَ ْوﻻ َﻨﻔَ َر ِﻤ ْن ُﻛ ﱢل ِﻓ ْرﻗَ ٍﺔ ِﻤ ْﻨﻬُ ْم‬
َ ‫ﺎن اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤُﻨ‬
َ ‫َو َﻤﺎ َﻛ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﻟَ َﻌﻠﻬُ ْم َﯿ ْﺤ َذ ُر‬
Ògywgb‡ì Rb¨ msMZ bq †h, Zviv mK‡j GKm‡½ Awfhv‡b †ei n‡e| Zv‡ì cÖwZwU `j †_‡K GKvsk †ei nq bv
†Kb? hv‡Z Zviv `x‡bi Ávbvbykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì m¤cÖ`vq‡K mZK© Ki‡Z cv‡i, hLb Zviv Zv‡ì wbKU wd‡i
Avm‡e, †hb Zviv mZK© nq|Ó 508
GLv‡b Avjøvn mKj‡K Awfhv‡b bv †ewi‡q cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K wKQz gvbyl‡K G Bev`Z cvj‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| dih
AvBb Bev`‡Zi †ÿ‡Î Giƒc my‡hvM †bB| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi bv †h, gywgbMY mK‡jB mvjvZ ev wmqvg cvjb Ki‡e bv, eis
†KD Zv cvjb Ki‡e Ges Abïv Ab¨ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e|
dih AvBb Bev`Z cvj‡bi Rb¨ Kv‡iv AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Dciš‘ †KD wb‡la Ki‡j ev evav w`‡jI gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡
mKj evav D‡cÿv K‡i Zv cvjb Kiv| cÿvšÍ‡i dih wKdvqvi †ÿ‡Î AbygwZ MÖn‡Yi AeKvk Av‡Q| wewfbœ nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn 
wcZvgvZvi AbygwZ ev wL`g‡Zi `vwq‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y wRnv` †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| GK nv`x‡m Avãyjvn Beb Avgi
Bebyj Avm (iv) e‡jb:
‫َﺤ ِﺴ ْن‬
ْ ‫ﺎﻫ ْد )ﻓَ ْﺎر ِﺠ ْﻊ إِﻟَﻰ َو ِاﻟ َدْﯿ َك ﻓَﺄ‬
ِ ‫ﺎل ﻓَِﻔﯿ ِﻬﻤﺎ ﻓَﺠ‬
َ َ َ َ‫ﺎل َﻨ َﻌ ْم ﻗ‬ َ ‫َﺤ ﱞﻲ َو ِاﻟ َد‬
َ َ‫اك ﻗ‬ َ َ‫ﺎﺴﺘَْﺄ َذَﻨﻪُ ِﻓﻲ اْﻟ ِﺠﻬَ ِﺎد ﻓَﻘ‬
َ ‫ﺎل أ‬ ْ َ‫ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎء َر ُﺠ ٌل إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬
َ ‫َﺠ‬
(‫ﺼ ْﺤَﺒﺘَﻬُ َﻤﺎ‬
ُ
ÒGKe¨w³ ivm~jyjvn -Gi Kv‡Q G‡m wRnv‡ì AbygwZ cÖv_©bv K‡i| wZwb e‡jb: †Zvgvi wcZvgvZv wK RxweZ Av‡Qb?
†m e‡j: nu¨v| wZwb e‡jb: †Zvgvi wcZvgvZv‡K wb‡q Zzwg wRnv` Ki| (Ab¨ eY©bvq: Zvn‡j Zzwg †Zvgvi wcZvgvZvi Kv‡Q wd‡i
hvI Ges my›ìfv‡e Zuv‡ì †L`gZ I mvnP‡h© Rxeb KvUvI|Ó509
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb:
‫ ْارِﺠ ْﻊ ِإَﻟْﯿ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺎل‬
َ ‫ َﻗ‬.‫ﻻ‬ َ ‫ أَِذَﻨﺎ َﻟ َك؟ َﻗ‬:‫ﺎل‬
َ :‫ﺎل‬ َ ‫ َﻗ‬.‫اى‬ َ ‫َﺤ ٌد ﺒِﺎْﻟَﯿ َﻤ ِن؟ َﻗ‬
َ ‫ أََﺒ َو‬:‫ﺎل‬ َ ‫ ِﻤ َن اْﻟَﯿ َﻤ ِن َﻓ َﻘ‬ ‫ول اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬
َ ‫ َﻫ ْل َﻟ َك أ‬:‫ﺎل‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺠر ِإَﻟﻰ ر ُﺴ‬
َ َ َ ‫َن َرُﺠﻼً َﻫ‬ ‫أﱠ‬
.‫ﺎﻫ ْد َ ٕوِاﻻﱠ َﻓﺒِﱠرُﻫ َﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫َﻓﺎﺴﺘَﺄِْذْﻨﻬﻤﺎ َﻓِﺈ ْن أَِذَﻨﺎ َﻟ َك َﻓ َﺠ‬
َُ ْ
ÒGKe¨w³ Bqvgvb †_‡K ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi wbKU wnRiZ K‡i Av‡m| wZwb Zv‡K e‡jb: Bqvgv‡b †Zvgvi †KD wK
Av‡Qb? †jvKwU e‡j: Avgvi wcZvgvZv Av‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb: Zviv wK †Zvgv‡K AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb? †jvKwU e‡j: bv| wZwb
e‡jb: Zzwg Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡q AbygwZ PvI| hw` Zviv AbygwZ †`b Z‡e wRnv` Ki‡e| Zv bvn‡j Zzwg Zv‡ì wL`gZ
Ki‡e|Ó 510
G mKj nv`xm cÖgvY K‡i †h, wRnv` dih wKdvqv| dih AvBb n‡j Giƒc ejv hvq bv| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi bv †h,
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wcZvgvZv AbygwZ bv w`‡j mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ BZ¨vw` Ôdih AvBbÕ Bev`Z bv K‡i Zv‡ì wL`gZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
GRb¨ Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi dKxnMY GKgZ †h, wRnv` dih wKdvqv ev mvgwóK dih, wKQz gymwjg Zv
cvjb Ki‡j Ab¨‡ì dih Av`vq n‡q hvq| Z‡e hviv cvjb Ki‡eb ZvivB ïay mvIqve jvf Ki‡eb, Abïv †Mvbvn †_‡K
gy³ n‡eb| Z‡e kÎ“evwnbx hw` †`k `Lj K‡i †bq A_ev ivóªcÖavb mKj bvMwiK‡K hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k †`b Z‡e G
Ae¯’vq wRnv` dih AvB‡b cwiYZ nq| Avjvgv KziZzex e‡jb:
‫اﻟذي اﺴﺘﻘر ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻹﺠﻤﺎع أن اﻟﺠﻬﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل أﻤﺔ ﻤﺤﻤد ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺴﻠم ﻓرض ﻛﻔﺎﯿﺔ ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺎم ﺒﻪ ﻤن ﻗﺎم ﻤن اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن‬
‫ إﻻ أن ﯿﻨزل اﻟﻌدو ﺒﺴﺎﺤﺔ اﻹﺴﻼم ﻓﻬو ﺤﯿﻨﺌذ ﻓرض ﻋﯿن‬،‫ﺴﻘط ﻋن اﻟﺒﺎﻗﯿن‬
Ò†h wel‡q BRgv ev HK¨gZ¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv, D¤§v‡Z gynv¤§v`xi mK‡ji Dci wRnv` dih wKdvqv| hLb
wKQz gvbyl Zv cvjb Ki‡e ZLb Ab¨ mK‡ji `vwqZ¡ AcmvwiZ n‡e| Z‡e hLb kÎ“MY Bmjvgx iv‡óª AeZiY K‡i (`Lj
K‡i †bq) ZLb Zv dih AvBb n‡q hvq|Ó 511
10. 5. 5. wRnv` cvj‡bi Rb¨ ivóªcÖavb c~e©kZ©
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`v eY©bv cÖm‡½ Bgvg Zvnvex e‡j‡Qb: Ògymwjg kvm‡Ki Aax‡b- †m
†bKKvi †nvK Avi cvcx-e`Kvi †nvK- n¾¡ Ges wRnv` wKqvgZ ch©š— Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| †Kv‡bv wKQzB G `wzU‡K evwZj ev
e¨vnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó G †_‡K Avgiv †`LwQ †h, wRnv` cvj‡bi Rb¨ ivóªcÖav‡bi we`¨gvbZv, Aby‡gv`b I †bZ…Z¡ c~e©kZ|
GwU LvwiRxM‡Yi mv‡_ Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi †gŠwjK cv_©K¨| wRnv`‡K dih AvBb MY¨ Kivi Kvi‡Y LvwiRxMY
e‡jb †h, Gi Rb¨ wbw`©ó Kv‡iv AbygwZ ev †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb †bB| K‡qKRb gvbyl GK‡Î KvD‡K †bZv evwb‡q wRnv` Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| GLv‡bI Zviv KziAvb-nv`x‡mi mvaviY e³e¨, Drmvn I wb‡`©k‡K cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck K‡ib| Avnj~m mybœvZ †h mKj
`jxj †ck K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q:
(1) Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn  e‡jb:
‫ﺎم ُﺠﱠﻨﺔٌ ُﯿﻘَﺎﺘَ ُل ِﻤ ْن َوَراﺌِ ِﻪ‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫إﱠﻨ َﻤﺎ اﻹ َﻤ‬
512
ÒivócÖavb Xvj, hv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L hy× cwiPvwjZ n‡e|Ó
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, nv`xm, wdKn I AvKx`vi cwifvlvq ÔBgvgÕ kãwU ïay ivóªcÖavb A‡_©B eëüZ nq| Gfv‡e Avgiv
G nv`xm †_‡K wKZvj ev wRnv‡ì Rb¨ wZbwU k‡Z©i K_v Rvb‡Z cviwQ: (1) iv‡óªi we`¨gvbZv, (2) ivóªcÖav‡bi we`¨gvbZv
Ges (3) ivóªcÖav‡bi †bZ…Z¡| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi mvgwMÖK wb‡`©kbv welqwU wbwðZ K‡i| GLv‡b wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv jÿYxq:
(K) gymwjgMY hZw`b Agymwjg ivóª I mgv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e emevm K‡i‡Qb ZZw`b Avjøvn wRnv‡ì AbygwZ †`b wb|
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g hLb gymwjgMY c„_K ivóªxq mËvq cwiYZ nb Ges ivm~jyjøvn () ivóªcÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib
ZLb Avjøvn wRnv‡ì AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ون ﺒِﺄَﱠﻨﻬُ ْم ظُﻠِ ُﻤوا‬
َ ُ‫ﯿن ُﯿﻘَﺎﺘَﻠ‬
ِ ‫ِ ِﱠ‬
َ ‫أُذ َن ﻟﻠذ‬
513
Òhy‡×i AbygwZ †Ìqv n‡jv Zv‡ì‡K hviv Avµvš— n‡q‡Q; KviY Zv‡ì cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó
(L) ivm~jyjøvn () Ges Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi hy‡M ivóªxq †bZ…‡Z¡i evB‡i gymwjgMY †Kv‡bv hy× cwiPvjbv K‡ib wb|
(M) hy‡×i †ÿ‡Î ivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZi ¸iæZ¡ Rvbv hvq Ave~ evmxi (iv)-Gi NUbv †_‡K| û`vqweqvi mwÜi GKwU Pzw³ wQj
g°v †_‡K cjvZK gymwjg‡ì‡K Kvwdi‡ì Kv‡Q wdwi‡q †Ìqv| Pzw³ ¯^v¶‡ii mg‡q û`vBweqvi gq`v‡bB Ave~ Rvb`vj (iv)
bvgK GKRb wbh©vwZZ gymwjg k„•LwjZ Ae¯’vq g°v †_‡K cvwj‡q ivm~jyjvn  Gi wbKU G‡m Avkªq cÖv_©bv K‡ib| wKš‘
ivm~jyjvn  kZ© †gvZv‡eK Zuv‡K g°vevmx‡ì nv‡Z mgc©b K‡ib| Dcw¯’Z mvnvexMY G wel‡q LyeB Av‡eMx n‡q D‡Vb| wKš‘
ivm~jyjvn  Zuvi wm×v‡š— Abo _v‡Kb| Gici Av‡iK wbh©vwZZ gymwjg Ave~ evmxi (iv) g°v †_‡K cvwj‡q g`xbvq Avkªq cÖv_©bv
K‡ib| wKš‘ ivm~jyjvn  Zuv‡KI wdwi‡q †`b| GK ch©v‡q Ave~ evmxi (iv), Ave~ Rvb`vj (iv) I Av‡iv A‡bK wbh©vwZZ gymwjg
g°v †_‡K cvwj‡q wmwiqvi c‡_ ÔCmÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b mg‡eZ nb| g`xbv iv‡óªi mv‡_ g°vevmx‡ì mwÜ _vK‡jI G bZzb Rb‡Mvôxi
mv‡_ Zv‡ì mwÜ wQj bv; eis Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cwic~Y© hy×ve¯’v weivR KiwQj| G Ae¯’vq Zuviv wmwiqvMvgx KzivBk Kvwdjv¸‡jvi
Dci AvµgY Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| g°vevmxiv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, G‡ì‡K g`xbv iv‡óªi bvMwiK †g‡b mwÜPzw³i Aš—f©y³ KivB Zv‡ì
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Rb¨ wbivc`| Zv‡ìB Aby‡iv‡a ivm~jyjvn  mwÜPzw³i mswkó kZ©wU evwZj K‡i Zuv‡ì‡K g`xbvq emev‡mi eë¯’v
K‡ib| 514
Gfv‡e g`xbv iv‡óª emevmiZ Ae¯’vq ivm~jyjøvn () Ave~ evmxi I Zuvi mv_x‡ì‡K hy‡×i AbygwZ †`b wb| GRb¨
Zuviv g`xbv iv‡óªi evB‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| G †_‡K Avgiv †`wL †h, †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi Af¨šÍ‡i emevmKvixi Rb¨ mwÜ,
hy× BZ¨vw` wel‡q ivóª ev ivóªcÖav‡bi wm×všÍ gvb¨ Kiv dih|
(2) KziAvb I nv`x‡m evisevi ÔDjyj AvgiÕ ev kvmK‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| 515 Avi wRnv`
AvbyM‡Zï †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| G‡ÿ‡Î AvbyMZ¨nxbZv gymwjg Rbc`‡K M„nhy× ev cvi¯úwiK nvbvnvwb‡Z wjß
Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` ivóªxq Aby‡gv`b I AvbyM‡Zï evB‡i wRnv` Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K Z‡e bvMwiKMY G‡K Ac‡ii weiæ‡× wRnv`
ïiæ Ki‡eb| KL‡bv G‡K Aci‡K Kvwdi e‡j, KL‡bv Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev‡ì bv‡g ci¯ú‡i hy× ïiæ n‡q hv‡e| GRb¨ cÖwm&×
kvwdqx dKxn I gynvwÏm nvwdh Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb:
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﯿﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻌدو ﻤن أذى اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿن وﯿﻛف أذى ﺒﻌﻀﻬم ﻋن ﺒﻌض‬
ÒivóªcÖavb‡K Xvj ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi KviY wZwb gymwjg‡ì‡K kÎæi ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv K‡ib Ges gymwjg‡ì‡K cvi¯úwiK
ÿwZ †_‡KI iÿv K‡ib|Ó 516
(3) wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ ïay cÖvYnvwb bq, eis wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ h_vmva¨ Kg cÖvYnvwbi gva¨‡g m‡e©v”P weRq I kvwšÍ
cÖwZôv| kÎæi kw³ I `ye©jZv welqK Z_¨vw` ivóª cÖavb †hfv‡e msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ab¨ †KD Zv cv‡i bv| d‡j Zvi
ZË¡veav‡b wRnv` Kvw•ÿZ weRq I kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq mnvqK| GRb¨ cÖwm× gvwjKx dKxn I gynvwÏm Avjøvgv gynv¤§v` Beb
Avãyjøvn Bebyj Avivex (543 wn) e‡jb:
‫اﻹ َﻤ ِﺎم؛‬
ِْ ‫ت اﻟﺴ َﱠرَاﯿﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ ﺘَ ْﺨ ُرُج ﱠإﻻ ﺒِِﺈ ْذ ِن‬ ِ ‫ﯿن َﻋَﻠﻰ ْاﻷ َِﻤ‬
ْ ‫ َﻓِﺈ ْن َﺨ َر َﺠ‬،‫ﯿر‬ ِ ‫ﺎس ﺒِﺎْﻟ ِﺠﻬَ ِﺎد‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ُﻤ ْﺠﺘَ َﻤﻌ‬ ‫َﺴ َرَاﯿﺎ ُﻤﺘَﻔَﱢرﻗَﺔً أ َْو‬ َ ‫َﻤ َر اﻟﻠﻪُ ُﺴ ْﺒ َﺤ َﺎﻨﻪُ اﻟﱠﻨ‬ َ‫أ‬
. ‫إﻟَﻰ َد ْرﺌِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﺠوا‬ ُ َ‫اﺤﺘ‬ْ ‫ﱠﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ َوُرﺒ‬، ‫ﻀ ًدا ِﻤ ْن َوَراﺌِ ِﻬ ْم‬
ُ ‫ﱢﺴﺎ إﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َو َﻋ‬
ً ‫ون ُﻤﺘَ َﺤﺴ‬
ِ
َ ‫ﻟَﯿ ُﻛ‬
Ò(†n Cgvb`viMY, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì mZK©Zv MÖnY Ki Ges `‡j `‡j wef³ n‡q †ewi‡q hvI A_ev GK‡hv‡M †ewi‡q
517
hvI Avqv‡Z) gnvb Avjøvn gvbyl‡ì‡K wewfbœ evwnbx‡Z wef³ n‡q A_ev Avgx‡ii (kvm‡Ki) †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwÎZ n‡q wRnv‡`
†ei nIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| evwnbx‡Z wef³ n‡q wRnv‡` Mgb Ki‡j Avgx‡ii (kvm‡Ki) AbygwZ Qvov †ei n‡e bv| KviY
kvmK gyRvwn`‡ì †LuvRLei ivL‡eb Ges Zv‡ì‡K wcQb †_‡K mnvqZv Ki‡eb| gyRvwn`MY A‡bK mgq kvm‡Ki cÖwZiÿvi
gyLv‡cÿx n‡q c‡ob|Ó 518
Bgvg KziZzex (671 wn) GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
.‫ ورﺒﻤﺎ اﺤﺘﺎﺠوا إﻟﻰ درﺌﻪ‬،‫ ﻋﻀدا ﻤن وراﺌﻬم‬،‫وﻻ ﺘﺨرج اﻟﺴراﯿﺎ إﻻ ﺒﺈذن اﻹﻤﺎم ﻟﯿﻛون ﻤﺘﺠﺴﺴﺎ ﻟﻬم‬
ÒivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZ Qvov †Kv‡bv evwnbx hy‡× †ei n‡e bv| KviY kvmK gyRvwn`‡ì †LuvRLei ivL‡eb Ges Zv‡ì‡K
wcQb †_‡K mnvqZv Ki‡eb| gyRvwn`MY A‡bK mgq kvm‡Ki cÖwZiÿvi gyLv‡cÿx n‡q c‡ob|Ó519
cÖwm× nv¤^vjx dKxn Beb Kz`vgv Avãyjøvn Beb Avng` (620 wn) e‡jb:
‫وأﻤر اﻟﺠﻬﺎد ﻤوﻛول إﻟﻰ اﻹﻤﺎم واﺠﺘﻬﺎدﻩ وﯿﻠزم اﻟرﻋﯿﺔ طﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯿراﻩ ﻤن ذﻟك‬
ÒwRnv‡ì welqwU Bgvg ev ivóªcÖav‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ Awc©Z Ges Zvi BRwZnv‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj| G wel‡q ivóªcÖavb †h
wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡eb †m wel‡q Zvi AvbyMZ¨ Kiv RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Riæix|Ó 520
Beb Kz`vgv AvKx`v welqK ÒjygAvZzj BÕwZKv`Õ bvgK MÖ‡š’ e‡jb:
‫ وﺼﻼة اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﺨﻠﻔﻬم ﺠﺎﺌزة‬،‫وﻨرى اﻟﺤﺞ واﻟﺠﻬﺎد ﻤﺎﻀﯿﺎً ﻤﻊ طﺎﻋﺔ ﻛل إﻤﺎم ﺒ اًر ﻛﺎن أو ﻓﺎﺠ اًر‬
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Contents
Òn¾ I wRnv` Pvjy _vK‡e cÖ‡Z¨K ivóªcÖav‡bi AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_; ivóªcÖavb †bKKvi †nvK Avi cvcvPvix †nvK| Zv‡ì
wcQ‡b RygyAvi mvjvZ êa|Ó 521
Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, wRnv‡ì †NvlYv, ïiæ I cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ ivóªcÖav‡bi| †Kv‡bv gymwjg ivóªcÖavb hw` cÖ‡qvR‡bi
mgq wRnv` eR©b K‡ib Z‡e wZwb G cv‡ci `vqfvi enb Ki‡eb| bvMwiK‡ì `vwqZ¡ miKvi‡K Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi `vIqvZ
†Ìqv, `vwqZ¡nxbZvi cÖwZev` Kiv| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Ae¯’vq bvMwiKMY e¨w³MZ ev †MvôxMZfv‡e wRnv` †NvlYv ev cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib bv|
Bgvg ev ivóªcÖavb KZ©„K wRnv` †NvlYv I ïiæ Kivi c‡i hy×iZ kÎæ iv‡ói Dci AvµgY Kivi †ÿ‡ÎI AwaKvsk
dKxn Bgv‡gi AbygwZ kZ© wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e †Kv‡bv ivóª ev Rbc‡` kÎæ‰mb¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡j ev Zv `Lj Ki‡j
†`k‡K `Lj`vi gy³ Ki‡Z bvix-cyiæl cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wRnv` Kiv dih n‡q hvq| Giƒc hy×‡K wRnv`y` w`dv ( ‫ﺠﻬﺎد‬
‫ )اﻟدﻓﺎع‬ev ÔcÖwZiÿvi wRnv`Õ ejv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î bvMwiKMY ivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZ QvovB hy× Ki‡eb| G mg‡q wcZvgvZv ev ¯^vgxi
AbygwZ MÖn‡YiI Avek¨KZv _v‡K bv| G cÖm‡½ Beb Kz`vgv Avãyjøvn Beb Avng` nv¤^vjx (620 wn) iwPZ ÒAvj-gyKwbÕ MÖ‡š’i
e³‡eï e¨vL¨vq mgKvjxb cÖwm× †mŠ`x dKxn kvBL gynv¤§v` Beb mvwjn DmvBgxb e‡jb:
،‫ وﻟﯿس أﻓراد اﻟﻨﺎس‬،‫ﻻ ﯿﺠوز ﻏزو اﻟﺠﯿش إﻻ ﺒﺈذن اﻹﻤﺎم ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻷﻤر؛ ﻷن اﻟﻤﺨﺎطب ﺒﺎﻟﻐزو واﻟﺠﻬﺎد ﻫم وﻻة اﻷﻤور‬
‫ ٕواذا ﻓﺎﺠﺄﻫم ﻋدو ﯿﺨﺎﻓون ﻛﻠَﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻓﻼ ﯿﺠوز ﻷﺤد أن ﯿﻐزو دون إذن اﻹﻤﺎم إﻻّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﯿل اﻟدﻓﺎع‬،‫ﻓﺄﻓراد اﻟﻨﺎس ﺘﺒﻊ ﻷﻫل اﻟﺤل واﻟﻌﻘد‬
.ً‫ﻓﺤﯿﻨﺌذ ﻟﻬم أن ﯿداﻓﻌوا ﻋن أﻨﻔﺴﻬم ﻟﺘﻌﯿن اﻟﻘﺘﺎل إذا‬
ÒivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv evwnbxi Rb¨ wRnv` êa bq, cwiw¯’wZ hv-B †nvK bv †Kb| KviY KziAvb-nv`x‡m
we`¨gvb wRnv`-wKZvj welqK wb‡`©k¸‡jvi `vqfvi ivóªcÖavb‡ì Dc‡iB, mvaviY gvby‡liv G Av‡`k¸‡jv Øviv m‡¤^vwaZ bq|
G wel‡q mvaviY gvbyl ivóªxq wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix‡ì AbymiY Ki‡eb| Kv‡RB ivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Kv‡iv Rb¨ wRnv` ev
AvµgY êa bq| Z‡e cÖwZiÿvi hy× n‡j wfbœ K_v| hw` kÎæMY †Kv‡bv Rb‡Mvôxi Dci AvµgY K‡i Ges Zviv fq cvq †h,
ivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡j kÎæ Zv‡ì ÿwZ Ki‡e Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv wb‡R‡ì cÿ †_‡K cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡eb|
Giƒc †ÿ‡Î hy× Kiv wbwðZ n‡q hvq|Ó 522
10. 5. 6. wKZvj ebvg KZj
ivóªxq wbqš¿Y ewnf©~Z wRnv` mvgwqK Av‡eM Ges wKQz fvj I Lvivc gvby‡li i³cvZ Qvov †Kv‡bv Kj¨vY e‡q Av‡b bv|
ZviciI Av‡eMx gvby‡liv fv‡eb, †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e wKQz Lvivc gvbyl †g‡i †dj‡j †evanq `ywbqv fvj n‡q hv‡e| Zviv †`‡Lb †h,
ivóª Zv‡ì Av‡eM Abymv‡i wRnv‡ì AbygwZ w`‡”Q bv| A_ev ivóª wb‡RB fvj gvbyl‡ì `g‡b wjß| G‡ÿ‡Î gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡
Avjøvni wb‡`©kgZ mnbkxjZv I g‡›ì gyKvwejvq fvj w`‡q `vIqvZ Pvwj‡q hvIqv Ges Gfv‡e wRnv` Kivi gZ GKwU ivóª AR©b
Kiv| Av‡eMx gvby‡li GZ âh© _v‡K bv| Avjøvni wb‡`©kgZ Bev`Z cvj‡bi †P‡q wb‡Ri gwR©gZ djvdj AR©‡b Zvi AvMÖn
†ewk| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, Gfv‡e gvbyl‡ì‡K Avjøvni c‡_ G‡b cQ›`gZ mgvR I ivóª AR©b GKwU Am¤¢e e¨vcvi| GRb¨ wZwb
wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Aby‡gv`wenxb wRnv` êa Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| Giƒc GKwU ARynvZ KZj ev nZ¨vi weavb|
Bmjv‡g nZ¨vi kvw¯Í g„Zz¨`Ð| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î ivm~jyjøvn () nZ¨vKvix‡K kvw¯Í †`b wb| K‡qKRb mvnvex ewY©Z
gyZvIqvwZi ch©v‡qi nv`x‡m ivm~jyjøvn () e‡j‡Qb †h, Kv‡iv Rxeb, m¤ú`, cwievi ev m¤£g AvµvšÍ n‡j †m Zv iÿvi Rb¨
jo‡Z cvi‡e| GRb¨ ZvrÿwYK Kv‡iv AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †Zv †bBB, Dciš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î †m wbnZ n‡j knx` e‡j MY¨ n‡e Ges
AvµgYKvix WvKvZ, jy‡Uiv ev mš¿vmx wbnZ n‡j wePv‡i nZ¨vKvix kvw¯Í †_‡K †invB cv‡e| G A‡_©i GK nv`x‡m Ave~ ûivBiv
(iv) e‡jb: ÒGKe¨w³ ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi wbKU G‡m e‡j: †n Avjøvni ivm~j, hw` †KD Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m Avgvi m¤ú` †K‡o
wb‡Z Pvq Z‡e Avcbvi gZ Kx? wZwb e‡jb: Zzwg Zv‡K †Zvgvi m¤ú` w`‡e bv| †jvKwU e‡j: hw` †m Avgvi mv‡_ jovB K‡i?
wZwb e‡jb: Zvn‡j ZzwgI Zvi mv‡_ jo‡e| †jvKwU e‡j: hw` †m Avgv‡K nZ¨v K‡i? wZwb e‡jb: Zvn‡j Zzwg knx` n‡e|
†jvKwU e‡j: Avi Avwg hw` Zv‡K nZ¨v Kwi? wZwb e‡jb: †m‡ÿ‡Î †m Rvnvbœvgx n‡e|Ó523
G A‡_©i nv`xm¸‡jvi wfwË‡Z dKxnMY wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb Giƒc †ÿ‡Î wbnZ WvKvZ ev mš¿vmxi i³ ÔevwZjÕ; A_©vr
nZ¨vKvix kvw¯Í cv‡e bv|
Ab¨ GKwU nv`x‡m Avãyjøvn Beb AveŸvm (iv) e‡jb: ÒGK AÜ e¨w³i GKwU `vmx ¯¿x wQj| †m ivm~jyjøvn ()-‡K
MvwjMvjvR KiZ| †jvKwU Zv‡K wb‡la KiZ, wKš‘ gwnjv wKQz‡ZB wbe„Z n‡Zv bv| †jvKwU Zv‡K fq †`LvZ wKš‘ Zv‡Z †m
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Contents

fxZ n‡Zv bv| GK iv‡Z gwnjv ivm~jyjøvn () m¤ú‡K© MvwjMvjvR I N„Y¨ K_v ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i| ZLb AÜ †jvKwU
GKwU Qzwi wb‡q gwnjvi †c‡Ui Dci iv‡L I wb‡Ri †`n w`‡q †P‡c a‡i| Gfv‡e †m gwnjv‡K nZ¨v K‡i|... mKv‡j
ivm~jyjøvn ()Ñ†K Ly‡bi NUbv ejv n‡j wZwb gvbyl‡ì‡K mg‡eZ K‡i e‡jb: Avwg Avjøvni bv‡g `vwe KiwQ, †h e¨w³ G
KvR K‡i‡Q Zvi Dci hw` Avgvi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K _v‡K Z‡e †m †hb D‡V ùvovq| ZLb D³ AÜ e¨w³ D‡V gvby‡li
wfZi w`‡q Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z mvg‡b GwM‡q Av‡m Ges ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi mvg‡b e‡m| †m e‡j, †n Avjøvni ivm~j, AvwgB Zvi
nZ¨vKvix| †m Avcbv‡K Mvwj w`Z I Avcbvi wel‡q N„Y¨ gšÍe¨ KiZ| Avwg Zv‡K wb‡la Ki‡jI wbe„Z n‡Zv bv Ges agK
w`‡jI fq †cZ bv| †m Avgvi Rb¨ gy‡³vi gZ `ywU mšÍvb Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q| †m Avgvi mv‡_ m`q I †cÖggq AvPiY KiZ|
MZiv‡Z †m hLb Avcbv‡K Mvwj w`‡Z I †bvsiv K_v ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb Avwg Qzwi wb‡q Zvi †c‡Ui Dci ivwL Ges wb‡Ri
†`n w`‡q †P‡c awi| Gfv‡e Avwg Zv‡K nZ¨v Kwi| ZLb ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫أَﻻَ ا ْﺸﻬَ ُدوا أ ﱠ‬
.‫َن َد َﻤﻬَﺎ َﻫ َدٌر‬
524
Ò†Zvgiv mvÿx _vK †h, G gwnjvi i³ evwZj|Ó
LvwiRxMY G mKj nv`xm w`‡q `vwe K‡ib †h, AÜ e¨w³ ev AvµvšÍ e¨w³ †Zv ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi AbygwZ QvovB Kvwdi
ev cvcx‡K nZ¨v Kij Ges †Kv‡bv kvw¯Í †cj bv| G‡Z cÖgvY n‡jv †h, ivóªcÖav‡bi AbygwZ QvovI wRnv` Kiv hvq!!
Av‡e‡Mi AÜZ¡ †_‡K gy³ n‡j Zviv eyS‡Zb †h, KZj ev nZ¨vi nv`x‡mi mv‡_ wKZvj ev wRnv‡ì weav‡bi mvgvb¨Zg
m¤úK© †bB| G nv`xm¸‡jv Av‡iv cÖgvY K‡i †h, ivóªxq wePvi I Aby‡gv`‡bi evB‡i †KD KvD‡K nZ¨v Ki‡j Zv‡K wePv‡ii
KvVMovq ùvov‡ZB n‡e| Z‡e hw` wePv‡ii KvVMovq cÖgvY nq †h, †m AvµvšÍ n‡q AvZ¥iÿvi Rb¨ nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, A_ev wbnZ
e¨w³ ivm~jyjøvn ()-†K MvwjMvjvR KiwQj Ges Zv‡K evievi wb‡la Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zv †_‡K weiZ nq wb Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î Bmjvgx
AvB‡b wbnZ e¨w³i i³ evwZj Ges nZ¨vKvixi kvw¯Í iwnZ n‡e|
b¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡l‡ai bv‡g `j-†Mvôx cwiPvwjZ wRnv‡ì ÿwZi wel‡q ÒAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÓ-G Bgvg
Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ wb¤œiƒc:
.َ‫ ﻻ‬:‫ﺎل‬ َ َ‫ك؟ ﻗ‬ َ ‫ َﻫ ْل ﺘََرى َذِﻟ‬،‫ﺎﻋ ِﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺎس َﻓَﯿ ْﺨُرُج َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﺠ َﻤ‬ ٌ ‫ك َﻨ‬ َ ِ‫ف َوَﯿْﻨﻬَﻰ َﻋ ِن اْﻟ ُﻤْﻨ َﻛ ِر َﻓَﯿﺘﱠﺒِ ُﻌﻪُ َﻋﻠَﻰ َذﻟ‬ ِ ‫ت ﻓَﻤﺎ ﺘَﻘُو ُل ِﻓْﯿﻤ ْن ﯿ ْﺄﻤر ﺒِﺎْﻟﻤﻌرو‬
ْ ُْ َ ُُ َ َ ْ َ ُ ‫ُﻗْﻠ‬
‫ ﻟَ ِﻛ ْن َﻤﺎ ُﯿ ْﻔ ِﺴ ُد ْو َن ِﻤ ْن‬،‫ ُﻫ َو َﻛ َذﻟِ َك‬:‫ َﻓﻘَﺎ َل‬.ٌ‫ﻀﺔٌ َوا ِﺠَﺒﺔ‬ ِ
َ ‫ َوﻟِ َم؟ َوﻗَ ْد أَ َﻤ َر اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َوَر ُﺴ ْوﻟُﻪُ ﺒِﺎﻷَ ْﻤ ِر ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُرْوف َواﻟﱠﻨ ْﻬ ِﻲ َﻋ ِن اْﻟ ُﻤْﻨ َﻛ ِر َو َﻫ َذا ﻓَ ِرْﯿ‬:‫ت‬ ُ ‫ُﻗْﻠ‬
‫ﺎن ِﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤِﻤﻨِْﯿ َن ا ْﻗﺘََﺘﻠُ ْوا‬ِ َ‫طﺎﺌِ َﻔﺘ‬
َ ‫ َوﻗَ ْد ﻗَﺎ َل اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ } َ ٕوِا ْن‬،‫ال‬ ِ ‫ﺎب اﻷَﻤو‬
َْ
ِ ‫اﺴﺘِ ْﺤﻼَ ِل اْﻟﻤ َﺤ ِﺎرِم و ْاﻨﺘِﻬ‬
َ َ َ
ِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ﺼﻠ ُﺤ ْو َن ﻤ ْن َﺴ ْﻔك اﻟ ﱢد َﻤﺎء َو‬
ِ ‫ك أَ ْﻛﺜَر ِﻤ ﱠﻤﺎ ﯿ‬
ْ ُ ُ َ ‫َذﻟ‬
ِ
ِ ‫ﺎﻏﯿﺔَ ﺒِﺎﻟ ﱠﺴْﯿ‬ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﺎل َﻨ َﻌ ْم‬ َ َ‫ف؟ ﻗ‬ َ ‫ت ﻓَُﻨﻘَﺎﺘ ُل اْﻟﻔَﺌﺔَ اْﻟَﺒ‬ ُ ‫اﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻷُ ْﺨ َرى ﻓَﻘَﺎﺘِﻠُوا اﻟﱠﺘِ ْﻲ ﺘَْﺒ ِﻐ ْﻲ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَِﻔ ْﻲ َء إِﻟَﻰ أَ ْﻤ ِر اﷲ{ ُﻗْﻠ‬ ُ ‫ت إِ ْﺤ َد‬ ْ ‫ﺼﻠِ ُﺤوا َﺒْﯿَﻨﻬُ َﻤﺎ ﻓَِﺈ ْن َﺒ َﻐ‬ْ َ‫ﻓَﺄ‬
‫اﻹ َﻤ ُﺎم َﺠﺎﺌًِار ﻟِﻘَ ْو ِل اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺎن‬ ِِ ِِ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻀﱡرُﻛ ْم َﺠ ْوُر َﻤ ْن َﺠ َﺎر‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺼﻼَةُ َواﻟ ﱠﺴﻼَ ُم ) ﻻَ َﯿ‬ َ ‫ﺘَْﺄ ُﻤ ُر َوﺘَْﻨﻬَﻲ ﻓَِﺈ ْن ﻗَﺒِ َل َ ٕوِاﻻ ﻗَﺎﺘَْﻠﺘَﻪُ ﻓَﺘَ ُﻛ ْو ُن َﻤ َﻊ اْﻟﻔَﺌﺔ اْﻟ َﻌﺎدﻟَﺔ َ ٕوِا ْن َﻛ‬
‫ َوﻻَ ﺘَ ُﻛ ْن َﻤ َﻊ‬،‫ﺎن اْﻟ َﺠﺎﺌِ ِر‬ ِ‫ط‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﻘَﺎﺘِ ْل أَ ْﻫ َل اْﻟَﺒ ْﻐ ِﻲ ﺒِﺎْﻟَﺒ ْﻐ ِﻲ ﻻَ ﺒِﺎْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر َو ُﻛ ْن َﻤ َﻊ اْﻟِﻔَﺌ ِﺔ اْﻟ َﻌ ِﺎدﻟَ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱡﺴْﻠ‬...( ُ‫ ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم أَ ْﺠ ُرُﻛ ْم َو َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ِوْزُرﻩ‬،‫َوﻻَ َﻋ ْد ُل َﻤ ْن َﻋ َد َل‬
...‫أَ ْﻫ ِل اْﻟَﺒ ْﻐ ِﻲ‬
ÒAvwg (Ave~ gyZx) ejjvg, †Kv‡bv gvbyl b¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ZLb wKQz gvbyl Zvi AbyMvgx
nq| ZLb Zviv RvgvÔAvv‡Zi (ivóª I mgv‡Ri) wei“‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i| G‡ì wel‡q Avcwb wK e‡jb? Avcwb wK Giƒc K‡g©i
¯^xK…wZ †`b? Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡jb: ÒbvÓ| Avwg ejjvg, †Kb? gnvb Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j () †Zv b¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi
wb‡la Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Avi G‡Zv GKwU Ri“ix dih| wZwb e‡jb: Zv wVK; Z‡e Zviv Gfv‡e b¨v‡qi †P‡q Ab¨vq-dvmv`
†ewk K‡i; KviY Zviv i³cvZ K‡i, gvby‡li ab-m¤ú` I m¤£g bó Kivi KwVb nviv‡g wbcwZZ nq, abm¤ú` jyUcvU K‡i| gnvb
Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb: ÒgyÕwgb‡ì `yÔ`j hy‡× wjß n‡j †Zvgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gxgvsmv Ki‡e; Avi Zv‡ì GK`j Ab¨ `‡ji wei“‡×
we‡`ªvn Ki‡j hviv we‡`ªvn K‡i Zv‡ì wei“‡× †Zvgiv hy× Ki‡e hZ¶Y bv Zviv Avjvn&i wb‡`©‡ki w`‡K wd‡i Av‡m...|Ó Avwg
ejjvg: Zvn‡j wK Avwg we‡`ªvnx †Mvôxi weiæ‡× A¯¿ wb‡q hy× Kie? wZwb e‡jb: nu¨v| Zzwg Av‡`k I wb‡la Ki‡e| hw` MÖnY
K‡i Z‡e fvj| Ab¨_vq Zv‡ì weiæ‡× jovB Ki‡e| Zvn‡j Zzwg b¨vqcš’x `‡ji (ivóª I mgv‡Ri) mv‡_ _vK‡e, hwÌ ivóªcÖavb
Rvwjg nq| KviY ivm~jyjøvn () e‡j‡Qb: Rvwj‡gi Ryjg I b¨vqcivq‡Yi Bbmvd †Kv‡bvwUB †Zvgv‡ì ÿwZ Ki‡e bv| †Zvgiv
†Zvgv‡ì cyi¯‹vi jvf Ki‡e Ges Zviv Zv‡ì kvw¯Í cv‡e|... Kv‡RB Zzwg we‡`ªvnx‡ì weiæ‡× hy× Ki‡e we‡`ªv‡ni Kvi‡Y, Kvwdi
nIqvi Kvi‡Y bq| Avi b¨vqcš’x Rb‡Mvôx (g~j mgvR) I Rvwjg kvm‡Ki mv‡_ _vK‡e, wKš‘ we‡`ªvnx‡ì mv‡_ _vK‡e bv|Ó 525
GLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv ivóªcÖavb Rvwjg ev cvcx n‡jI ivóª I mgv‡Ri c‡ÿ _vK‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb Ab¨v‡qi
cÖwZev‡ì bv‡g Awbqwš¿Z wRnv‡ì ÿwZi w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb mvnvexM‡Yi aviv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| mvnvexMYI
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Contents
Giƒc Awbqwš¿Z wRnv‡ì ÿwZKi w`K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|

73 wnRix‡Z nv¾vR Beby BDm~d g°v Ae‡iva K‡i Avãyjøvn Beby hyevBi (iv)-Gi wei“‡× aŸsmvZ¥K AvµgY Pvjv‡Z
_v‡Kb| ZrKvjxb hyeK‡ì A‡b‡KB fve‡Z _v‡K †h, nv¾v‡Ri weR‡qi gva¨‡g Bmjvg aŸsm n‡q hv‡e Ges gymwjg wek¦ wPiZ‡i
Kvwdi-dvwmK I Rvwjg‡ì c`vbZ n‡q hv‡e| A‡bK hyeKB cÖej Av‡e‡M Avãyjøvn Beb hyevBi (iv)ÑGi c‡ÿ wRnv‡` †hvM
w`‡Z _v‡Kb| G mg‡q `y e¨w³ Avãyjvn Beb Dgvi (iv)-Gi wbKU G‡m e‡jb:
ِ ‫َن اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺤﱠرم َدم أ‬ ِ ِ ‫ت ْاﺒن ﻋﻤر و‬
‫ َﻤﺎ‬:‫ وﻓﻲ رواﯿﺔ‬،‫َﺨﻲ‬ َ َ َ َ ‫َن ﺘَ ْﺨُرَج َﻓﻘَﺎ َل َﯿ ْﻤَﻨ ُﻌﻨﻲ أ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ ﻓَ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻤَﻨ ُﻌ َك أ‬ ‫ب اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﺼﺎﺤ‬ َ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ ‫ َوأَْﻨ‬،‫ﱢﻌوا‬ ُ ‫ﻀﯿ‬ُ ‫ﺎس‬ َ ‫إِ ﱠن اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ت ﻤﺎ رﱠﻏ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺎد ِﻓﻲ ﺴﺒِ ِ ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ك اْﻟ ِﺠﻬ‬ ِ
‫ﻼم َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ُ ‫ب اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻓﯿﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل َﯿﺎ ْاﺒ َن أَﺨﻲ ُﺒﻨ َﻲ اﻹ ْﺴ‬ َ َ َ َ ‫ﯿل اﻟﻠﻪ َوﻗَ ْد َﻋﻠ ْﻤ‬ َ َ ‫ﺎﻤﺎ َوﺘَﺘُْر‬
ً ‫ﺎﻤﺎ َوﺘَ ْﻌﺘَﻤ َر َﻋ‬ ً ‫َن ﺘَ ُﺤ ﱠﺞ َﻋ‬ْ ‫ك َﻋﻠَﻰ أ‬ َ َ‫َﺤ َﻤﻠ‬
ُ ُ‫)وﻗَﺎﺘِﻠ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﱠﻼة اْﻟ َﺨﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺎن ﺒِﺎﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ورﺴوﻟِ ِﻪ واﻟﺼ‬
َ ‫وﻫ ْم َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﻻ ﺘَ ُﻛ‬
‫ون‬ َ ُ‫ ﻓَﻘَﺎﻻ أَﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻘل اﻟﻠﻪ‬:‫ﺎن َوأ ََداء اﻟزَﻛﺎة َو َﺤ ﱢﺞ اْﻟَﺒْﯿت وﻓﻲ ﻟﻔظ‬ َ‫ﻀ‬ َ ‫س َوﺼَﯿ ِﺎم َرَﻤ‬ ْ َ ُ ََ ٍ ‫ﯿﻤ‬ِ ٍ ‫َﺨ ْﻤ‬
َ‫سإ‬
‫ﯿن ﻟِ َﻐْﯿ ِر اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬
ُ ‫ون اﻟ ﱢد‬
ِ ‫َن ﺘُﻘَﺎﺘِﻠُوا ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَ ُﻛ‬
َ ‫ون ﻓﺘَْﻨﺔٌ َوَﯿ ُﻛ‬
َ َ ْ ‫ون أ‬ ُ ‫ﯿن ﻟِﻠﱠ ِﻪ َوأَْﻨﺘُ ْم ﺘُِر‬
َ ‫ﯿد‬ ُ ‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱢد‬
ِ َ َ‫ِﻓﺘَْﻨﺔٌ( ﻓَﻘ‬
َ ‫ﺎل ﻗَﺎﺘَْﻠَﻨﺎ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﻟَ ْم ﺘَ ُﻛ ْن ﻓﺘَْﻨﺔٌ َو َﻛ‬
Ògvby‡liv aŸsm n‡q hv‡”Q| Avcwb Beby Dgvi, ivm~jyjvn -Gi mvnvex, Avcbv‡K †ewi‡q hy‡× Ask wb‡Z evav w`‡”Q
wK‡m? wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvjvn Avgvi fvB‡qi i³ nvivg K‡i‡Qb, ZvB Avwg hy‡× Ask wbw”Q bv|Ó Ab¨ eY©bvq Zviv e‡jb: ÒwK
Kvi‡Y Avcwb GK eQi n¾ K‡ib Av‡iK eQi Dgiv K‡ib Ges Avjvni iv¯—vq wRnv` cwiZ¨vM K‡ib? A_P Avcwb Rv‡bb †h,
Avjvn wRnv‡ì Rb¨ Kx cwigvY Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb?Ó ZLb wZwb e‡jb, ÒfvwZRv, Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q cuvPwU wel‡qi Dci:
Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji () Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv, cuvP Iqv³ mvjvZ, ivgvhv‡bi wmqvg, hvKvZ cÖ`vb I evBZzjvni n¾|Ó 526
Ab¨ nv`x‡m: ÒZviv e‡j, Avjvn wK e‡jb wb, ÔGes †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z _vK‡e, hZÿY wdZbv `~ixf~Z bv nq Ges
Avjvni `xb cÖwZwôZ bv nqÕ? ZLb wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv hy× K‡iwQjvg, wdZbv `~ixf~Z n‡qwQj Ges Avjvni `xb cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| Avi †Zvgiv Pv”Q †h, †Zvgiv hy× Ki‡e †hb wdZbv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges `xb Avjvn Qvov A‡bï Rb¨ nq|Ó527
GK LvwiRx †bZv Beb Dgvi (iv)-†K wRnv` †Q‡o n¾-Dgiv wb‡q †g‡Z _vKvi wel‡q cÖkœ K‡i| wZwb Zv‡K AviKvbyj
Bmjv‡gi K_v ej‡j †m e‡j:
ْ ‫َﺼِﻠ ُﺤوا َﺒْﯿَﻨﻬُ َﻤﺎ ﻓَِﺈ ْن َﺒ َﻐ‬
ُ ‫ت ِإ ْﺤ َد‬
‫اﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ْ ‫ﯿن ا ْﻗﺘََﺘﻠُوا ﻓَﺄ‬
ِ ِ ِ َ‫)وِا ْن طَﺎﺌِ َﻔﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺎن ﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤﻨ‬ ٕ َ ‫اﻟرْﺤ َﻤ ِن أَﻻ ﺘَ ْﺴ َﻤﻊُ َﻤﺎ َذ َﻛ َر اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِﻓﻲ ِﻛﺘَﺎﺒِ ِﻪ‬
‫َﯿﺎ أََﺒﺎ َﻋْﺒِد ﱠ‬
 ‫ﺼﻠﱠﻰ‬ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺎل ﻓَ َﻌْﻠَﻨﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻋ ْﻬد َر ُﺴول اﻟﻠﻪ‬ َ َ‫ون ِﻓﺘَْﻨﺔٌ( ﻗ‬َ ‫وﻫ ْم َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﻻ ﺘَ ُﻛ‬
ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬
ُ ُ‫ﻲء ِإﻟَﻰ أ َْﻤ ِر اﻟﻠﻪ( )ﻗَﺎﺘﻠ‬
ِ ِ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ُﺨ َرى ﻓَﻘَﺎﺘﻠُوا اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘَْﺒﻐﻲ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَﻔ‬ ْ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻷ‬
ٌ‫ﻼم َﻓﻠَ ْم ﺘَ ُﻛ ْن ِﻓﺘَْﻨﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻟرُﺠ ُل ُﯿ ْﻔﺘَ ُن ِﻓﻲ ِدﯿﻨِ ِﻪ إِ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻗَﺘَﻠُوﻩُ ٕوِا ﱠﻤﺎ ُﯿ َﻌ ﱢذُﺒ َ ﱠ‬
ُ ‫وﻨﻪُ َﺤﺘﻰ َﻛﺜَُر اﻹ ْﺴ‬ َ ‫ﺎن ﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﻼم َﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻓَ َﻛ‬ ِ َ ‫و َﻛ‬
ُ ‫ﺎن اﻹ ْﺴ‬ َ
Ò†n Ave~ Avãyi ivngvb, Avjvn Zuvi wKZv‡e Kx e‡j‡Qb Zv wK Avcwb ïb‡Qb bv? wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÔgywgbM‡Yi `yB `j
hy‡× wjß n‡j †Zvgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gxgvsmv K‡i †`‡e| AZtci Zv‡ì GK`j Aci `‡ji Dci mxgj•Nb Ki‡j †Zvgiv
mxgvj•NbKvix‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki, hZ¶Y bv Zviv Avjvni wb‡`©‡ki w`‡K wd‡i Av‡m|Õ (wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb): ÔGes
†Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z _vK‡e, hZÿY wdZbv `~ixf~Z bv nq Ges Avjvni `xb cÖwZwôZ bv nqÕ 528| ZLb Beby Dgvi
e‡jb, Avgiv †Zv ivm~jyjvn -Gi hy‡M Zv K‡iwQjvg| Bmjvg `ye©j I ¯^í wQj, d‡j gymwjg e¨w³ Zvi `x‡bi Kvi‡Y
wdZbvMÖ¯’ n‡Zb| Kvwdiiv Zv‡K nZ¨v KiZ A_ev Zvi Dci AZ¨vPvi KiZ| hLb Bmjvg we¯—…Z n‡q †Mj ZLb †Zv Avi
wdZbv _vKj bv|Ó 529
Ryb`ye Beby Avãyjvn evRvjx (iv) K‡qKRb LvwiRx gyRvwn`‡K †W‡K GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Cgv‡bi `vwe`vi‡K nZ¨v
Kivi wel‡q mZK© K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× GKwU evwnbx †cÖiY K‡ib| hy‡×i gv‡V GKRb Kvwdi
ˆmwbK gymwjg evwnbxi A‡bK ˆmwbK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| GK ch©v‡q Dmvgv Beby hvB` (iv) D³ Kvwdi ˆmwbK‡K AvµgY K‡ib|
wZwb hLb Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z D`¨Z nb ZLb †m Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvnÕ e‡j| Dmvgv †m Ae¯’v‡ZB Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| ivm~jyjvn 
G msev` †c‡q AZ¨š— wePwjZ n‡q Dmvgv‡K e‡jb, Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvûÕ ejvi c‡iI Zzwg Zv‡K †Kb nZ¨v Ki‡j? wZwb e‡jb,
†jvKwU A‡bK gymwjg‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Avwg hLb Zievix DVvjvg †m Zievixi f‡q Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvûÕ e‡j‡Q| ivm~jyjvn 
e‡jb, Zzwg Zvi ü`q wP‡i †`‡L wb‡j bv †Kb, †m f‡q e‡j‡Q bv †¯^”Qvq e‡j‡Q! ... wZwb evieviB ej‡Z jvM‡jb, †Kqvg‡Zi
w`b hLb G Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvûÕ Dcw¯’Z n‡e ZLb Zzwg Kx Ki‡e?530
mvnvexM‡Yi G mKj e³‡eï g‡a¨ wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv jÿYxq:
(1) AviKv‡b Bmjvg I G RvZxq Bev`ZB gywg‡bi g~j `vwqZ¡| G¸‡jv ÔDwÏóÕ Bev`Z (Bev`‡Z gvKm~`v)| G¸‡jv cvjb
KivB gywgb Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨| G¸wj cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ KL‡bvB K‡g bv ev _v‡g bv| c¶vš—‡i ÔwRnv`Õ DwÏó Bev`Z (Bev`‡Z
gvKm~`v) bq; eis DwÏó Bev`Z cvj‡bi AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨B wRnv`| G AwaKvi we`¨gvb _vK‡j wRnv‡ì Avek¨KZv _v‡K bv|
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‫‪(2) wRnv` Kiv Avjvni wb‡`©k Ges gvbyl nZ¨v Kiv Avjvni wb‡la| wb‡l‡ai cvjv‡K fvix ivL‡Z n‡e Ges‬‬
‫|‪nviv‡g wbcwZZ nIqvi fq _vK‡j wRnv` cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e‬‬
‫‪(3) Kvwdi iv‡óªi †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× hy‡×i gva¨‡g ivóª, bvMwiK I `xbx `vIqv‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv I weRq msi¶YB‬‬
‫‪g~jZ wRnv`| gymwjg e¨w³ ev iv‡óªi wei“‡× hy× ev nZ¨v wRnv` bq| †h e¨w³ wb‡R‡K gywgb e‡j `vwe K‡i ev Ôjv Bjvnv‬‬
‫|‪BjvjvûÕ gy‡L ¯^xKvi K‡i Zv‡K wRnv‡ì bv‡g nZ¨v Kiv cvi‡jŠwKK aŸs‡mi Ab¨Zg KviY‬‬
‫`‪(4) wdZbv `~ixKiY wRnv‡ì D‡Ïk¨| Z‡e wdZbv `~ixKiY ej‡Z mgv‡Ri mKj Ab¨vq, AbvPvi, Kzdi, wkiK BZ¨vw‬‬
‫|‪`~i Kiv bq, eis gywgb‡K †Rvic~e©K Kzd‡i wjß nIqvi cwiw¯’wZ `~ixKiY ev `xbcvjb I `xbx `vIqv‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv i¶v Kiv‬‬
‫‪Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ Qvov wRnv` g~jZ wdZbv `~i K‡i bv, eis wdZbv m„wó K‡i| KviY mKj mgv‡RB Ab¨vq I Ryjyg _v‡K Ges me©`v‬‬
‫‪ag©nxb I cvcvPvixi msL¨v I kw³ avwg©K I mr gvbyl‡ì †P‡q eû¸Y †ewk nq| hw` avwg©K gvby‡liv kvwšÍc~Y© I âh©c~Y© `vIqvZ,‬‬
‫‪b¨v‡qi Av‡`k I Ab¨v‡qi wb‡la bv K‡i wRnv` ev mk¯¿ kvw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡ib Z‡e Zv eû gnvcvc, nZ¨v I wdZbvi ìRv Db¥y³‬‬
‫‪K‡i| Bgvg gvn`x cÖm‡½ Avgiv †`Le †h, `yªZ Ab¨vq `~i K‡i ÔAv`k© mgvRÕ cÖwZôvi Av‡eMx †Póv i³cvZ I weåvwšÍ Qvov‬‬
‫|‪†Kv‡bv dj †`q wb‬‬
‫‪cÂg cwi‡”Q`:‬‬
‫‪†n`vqvZ, Kei, Abyev`, AvqvZmg~‡ni gh©v`v, ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi‬‬
‫`‪AvZ¥xqMY, wgivR, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ BZ¨vw‬‬
‫‪Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv bygvb Beb mvweZ (ivwngvûjøvû) e‡jb:‬‬
‫ﻀﻼَ ﻟُ ُﻪ ُﺨ ْذﻻَ ُﻨ ُﻪ َوﺘَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ْﯿ ُر ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ْذﻻَ ِن أَ ْن‬ ‫ﺎء َﻋ ْدﻻً ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ ٕوِا ْ‬ ‫ﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻀ ﱡل َﻤ ْن َﯿ َ‬ ‫ﻀﻼً ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﯿ ِ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻓَ ْ‬ ‫ﺸ ُ‬ ‫ي َﻤ ْن َﯿ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َواﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻲ َﯿ ْﻬد ْ‬
‫ﺼ َﯿ ِﺔ‪َ .‬وﻻَ َﯿ ُﺠ ْوُز أَ ْن َﻨﻘُ ْو ُل‪ :‬إِ ﱠن‬ ‫ﻀﺎﻩ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ و ُﻫو ﻋ ْد ٌل ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ‪ .‬و َﻛ َذا ﻋﻘُوﺒ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺨ ُذو ِل ﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟﻤﻌ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ق ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ َد َﻋﻠَﻲ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْر َ ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻻَ ُﯿ َوﻓﱢ َ‬
‫ﺴﻠُ ُﺒ ُﻪ ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِ ٍِ‬
‫ﺎن ﻓَِﺈ َذا ﺘََرَﻛ ُﻪ ﻓَﺤ ْﯿ َﻨﺌذ َﯿ ْ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ِن ﻗَ ْﻬ ارً َو َﺠ ْﺒ ارً‪َ .‬وﻟَ ِﻛ ْن َﻨﻘُ ْو ُل‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ُد َﯿ َدعُ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ َ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ َ‬ ‫ب ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻠُ ُ‬
‫ﺎن َﯿ ْ‬ ‫ط َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺸ ْﯿ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬‫ط ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺸ ْﯿ َ‬
‫ﻀ ْﻐطَ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِر َو َﻋ َذ ُاﺒ ُﻪ‬‫ﺴ ِد ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِد ِﻓ ْﻲ ﻗَ ْﺒ ِرِﻩ َﺤقﱞ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫اﻟر ْو ِح إِﻟَﻰ َﺠ َ‬‫ﺎدةُ ﱡ‬ ‫ق َﻛ ِﺎﺌ ٌن ِﻓ ْﻲ ا ْﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِر‪ٕ َ ،‬وِا َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺴ َؤا ُل ُﻤ ْﻨ َﻛ ٍر َوَﻨ ِﻛ ْﯿ ٍر َﺤ ﱞ‬ ‫َو ُ‬
‫ﺎة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ِﻨ ْﯿ َن‪.‬‬
‫ض ﻋﺼ ِ‬
‫َﺠ َﻤﻌ ْﯿ َن َوﻟِ َﺒ ْﻌ ِ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎر ُﻛﻠﱢ ِﻬم أ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ق َﻛ ِﺎﺌ ٌن ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻛﻔﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﺤ ﱞ‬
‫ﺎر ِﺴﯿﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﺴ ُﻤ ُﻪ ﻓَ َﺠ ِﺎﺌٌز ا ْﻟﻘَ ْو ُل ِﺒ ِﻪ ِﺴ َوى ا ْﻟ َﯿ ِد ِﺒﺎ ْﻟﻔَ ِ‬ ‫ﺸﻲ ٍء َذ َﻛرﻩ ا ْﻟﻌﻠَﻤﺎء ِﺒﺎ ْﻟﻔَ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎرﺴ ﱢﯿﺔ ﻤ ْن ﺼﻔَﺎت اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻋ ﱠز ْ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َو ُﻛل َ ْ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ق طُ ْو ِل‬ ‫اﷲ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َوﻻَ ُﺒ ْﻌ ُدﻩُ ِﻤ ْن طَ ِرْﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﺸ ِﺒ ْﯿ ٍﻪ وﻻَ َﻛ ْﯿ ِﻔ ﱠﯿ ٍﺔ‪ .‬وﻟَ ْﯿس ﻗُرب ِ‬
‫َ َ ُْ‬ ‫وئ ُﺨ َداي" َﻋ ﱠز َو ﱠﺠ ﱠل ِﺒﻼَ ﺘَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎل " ُﺒر ِ‬
‫َوَﯿ ُﺠ ْوُز أَ ْن ُﯿﻘَ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺼ ْﻰ َﺒ ِﻌ ْﯿ ٌد ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ ِﺒﻼَ‬ ‫ف‪ ،‬وا ْﻟﻌ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ان‪ ،‬وا ْﻟﻤ ِط ْﯿﻊ ﻗَ ِرْﯿب ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻪ ِﺒﻼَ َﻛ ْﯿ ٍ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻤﺔ َوا ْﻟ َﻬ َو ِ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓَ ِﺔ وِﻗﺼ ِرَﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟَ ِﻛ ْن )وﻻَ( ﻋﻠَﻰ ﻤﻌ َﻨﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻛر ِ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َ َ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف َﺒ ْﯿ َن َﯿ َد ْﯿﻪ ِﺒﻼَ َﻛ ْﯿﻔﯿﱠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺠ ْﻰ َو َﻛ َذاﻟ َك َﺠ َو ُارﻩُ ﻓ ْﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺠ ﱠﻨﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُوﻗُ ْو ُ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻗ َﺒﺎ ُل َﯿﻘَﻊُ َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟﻤ َﻨ ِ‬ ‫ب َوا ْﻟ ُﺒ ْﻌ ُد َو ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َﻛ ْﯿف‪َ .‬وا ْﻟﻘُ ْر ُ‬
‫ﺴﺘَ ِوَﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻓ ْﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ت ا ْﻟﻘُْرَآ ِن ﻓ ْﻰ َﻤ ْﻌ َﻨﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻛﻼَم ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ ُﻤ ْ‬ ‫ب‪َ ،‬وَآ َﯿﺎ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺼ َﺤف َﻤ ْﻛﺘُْو ٌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺴ ْو ِل اﷲ ‪َ ‬و ُﻫ َو ﻓ ْﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ‬ ‫آن ُﻤ َﻨﱠز ٌل َﻋﻠَﻰ َر ُ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟﻘُْر ُ‬
‫ﻀ ْﯿﻠَ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ْذ ُﻛو ِر‪ِ ،‬ﻤ ْﺜ ُل َآﯿ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻛر ِﺴ ﱢﻰ؛ ﻷَ ﱠن ا ْﻟﻤ ْذ ُﻛور ِﻓ ْﯿﻬﺎ ﺠﻼَ ُل ِ‬ ‫ﻀ ْﯿﻠَ َﺔ اﻟ ﱢذ ْﻛ ِر وﻓَ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﻓَ ِ‬ ‫ِ ﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻔَﻀ ْﯿﻠَﺔ َوا ْﻟ َﻌظَ َﻤﺔ‪ ،‬إِﻻ أَ ﱠن ﻟ َﺒ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺠﺘَﻤﻌ ْت ِﻓ ْﯿﻬﺎ ﻓَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ﺴٌ‬ ‫ﺎن‪ :‬ﻓَﻀ ْﯿﻠَ ُﺔ اﻟذ ْﻛ ِر َوﻓَﻀ ْﯿﻠَ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْذ ُﻛ ْو ِر‪َ ،‬وﻟِ َﺒ ْﻌﻀ َﻬﺎ ﻓَﻀ ْﯿﻠَ ُﺔ اﻟذ ْﻛ ِر ﻓَ َﺤ ْ‬ ‫ﻀ ْﯿﻠَﺘَ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َو َﻋظَ َﻤﺘُ ُﻪ َوﺼﻔَﺎﺘُ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓَ ْ َ َ‬
‫ظ َﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘَ ِوَﯿ ٌﺔ ِﻓ ْﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ُﻛﻠﱡ َﻬﺎ ُﻤ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔَ ُ‬‫ﺎء َو ﱢ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻀ ٌل َو ُﻫ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻛﻔﱠ ُﺎر‪َ .‬و َﻛ َذاﻟ َك اﻷَ ْ‬ ‫س ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْذ ُﻛ ْو ِر ِﻓ ْﯿ َﻬﺎ ﻓَ ْ‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬وﻟَ ْﯿ َ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻛﻔﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِﻤ ْﺜ ُل ِﻗ ﱠ‬
‫ت َﺒ ْﯿ َﻨ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻀ ِل َﻻ ﺘَﻔَ ُﺎو َ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟﻔَ ْ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱠﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ﺼﻠﱠﻰ اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻲ ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ وآَﻟِ ِﻪ وﺴﻠﱠم ﻤﺎﺘَﺎ ﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر )وِﻓﻲ ُﻨ ٍ‬ ‫وواﻟِ َدا رﺴو ِل ِ‬
‫ﺴ ْو ُل اﷲ َ‬ ‫ﺴ َﺨﺔ ِزْﯿ َد( َو َر ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ ََ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُْ‬
‫ﺎت َﻛ ِ‬‫ﺎن َوأ َُﺒ ْو طَﺎﻟِ ٍب َﻋ ﱡﻤ ُﻪ ‪َ ‬وأ َُﺒ ْو َﻋﻠِ ﱟﻲ ‪َ ‬ﻤ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ﻋﻠَﻰ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬
‫ﺎﻓ ارً‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻ ْﯿ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﱠ َم َﻤ َ َ‬ ‫اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ َوآَﻟﻪ َو َ‬
‫ﺴ ْو ِل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ب َوأُ ﱡم ُﻛ ْﻠﺜُْوٍم ُﻛ ﱠن َﺠﻤ ْﯿﻌﺎً َﺒ َﻨﺎت َر ُ‬ ‫ﺴ ْو ِل اﷲ ‪َ ،‬وﻓَﺎط َﻤ ُﺔ َو ُرﻗَﯿﱠ ُﺔ َوَزْﯿ َﻨ ُ‬ ‫َوﻗَﺎﺴ ٌم َوطَﺎﻫٌر َ ٕوِا ْﺒ َراﻫ ْﯿ ُم َﻛﺎ ُﻨ ْوا َﺒﻨ ْﻰ َر ُ‬
‫ﻀ َﻲ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬ ﱠن‬‫اﷲ ‪ .‬ور ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫اب‬
‫ﺼ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺎل َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َو اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ق ِﻋ ْﻠِم اﻟﺘﱠْو ِﺤ ْﯿ ِد‪ ،‬ﻓَِﺈ ﱠﻨ ُﻪ َﯿ ْﻨ َﺒ ِﻐﻰ ﻟَ ُﻪ أَ ْن َﯿ ْﻌﺘَ ِﻘ َد ِﻓﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺸﻲ ٌء ِﻤ ْن َدﻗَﺎ ِﺌ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻨ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺸ َﻛ َل َﻋﻠَﻰ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن َ ْ‬ ‫َ ٕوِا َذا أَ ْ‬
‫ف‪.‬‬‫ف ِﻓ ْﯿ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﯿ ْﻛﻔُُر إِ ْن َوﻗَ َ‬
‫اﷲ ﺘَﻌﺎﻟَﻰ إَِﻟﻰ أَ ْن ﯿ ِﺠ َد ﻋ ِﺎﻟﻤﺎً ﻓَﯿﺴﺄَﻟُ ُﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻَ ﯿﺴﻌ ُﻪ ﺘَﺄْ ِﺨ ْﯿر اﻟطﱠﻠَ ِب‪ ،‬وﻻَ ﯿﻌ َذر ِﺒﺎ ْﻟو ْﻗ ِ‬
‫َ ُْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ َُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﻋ ْﻨ َد ِ‬
‫س ِﻤ ْن‬ ‫ﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﱞل ﻤ ْﺒﺘَِدعٌ ‪َ .‬و ُﺨر ْو ُج اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َوَﯿﺄْ ُﺠ ْو َج َو َﻤﺄْ ُﺠ ْو َج َوطُﻠُ ْوعُ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ق‪َ .‬ﻤ ْن َرﱠدﻩُ ﻓَ ُﻬ َو َ ُ‬ ‫اج َﺤ ﱞ‬ ‫َو َﺨ َﺒ ُر ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻌ َر ِ‬
‫ﺼ ِﺤ ْﯿ َﺤ ُﺔ‬
‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ َو َرَد ْت ِﺒ ِﻪ اﻷَ ْﺨ َﺒ ُﺎر اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺌ ُر َﻋﻼَ َﻤﺎت َﯿ ْوم ا ْﻟﻘ َﯿ َ‬
‫ﺎء و ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻼَم ِﻤ َن اﻟ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺴ َﻤ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺴﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ اﻟ ﱠ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻤ ْﻐ ِرِﺒ َﻬﺎ َوُﻨ ُز ْو ُل ﻋ ْﯿ َ‬
‫ﺴﺘَ ِﻘ ْﯿٍم‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺎء إِﻟَﻰ ﺼ َراط ُﻤ ْ‬
‫ﺸ ُ‬‫ي َﻤ ْن َﯿ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ق َﻛﺎﺌ ٌن َواﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﯿ ْﻬد ْ‬
‫ﺤﱞ ِ‬
‫َ‬
Contents

e½vbyev`:
Avjvn ZvÔAvjv `qv K‡i hv‡K B”Qv myc_ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Avi wZwb b¨vqcivqYZv c~e©K hv‡K B”Qv weåvš— K‡ib|
weåvš— Kivi A_© mvnvh¨ cwiZ¨vM Kiv| mvnvh¨ cwiZ¨v‡Mi e¨vL¨v GB †h, gnvb Avjvn †m ev›`v‡K Zuvi mš‘wói c‡_ Pjvi
ZvIdxK cÖ`vb K‡ib bv| welqwU Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZvi cÖKvk| Abyiƒcfv‡e †h cvcx‡K wZwb cvc I Aeva¨Zvi Kvi‡Y
cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb Zvi cv‡ci Kvi‡Y kvw¯— cÖ`vbI Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZvi cªKvk|
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ G K_v ejv êa bq †h, kqZvb Rei`w¯— K‡i ev †Rvi K‡i gywgb ev›`vi Cgvb †K‡o †bq| eis Avgiv
ewj: ev›`v Zvi Cgvb cwiZ¨vM K‡i, ZLb kqZvb Zv Zvi †_‡K wQwb‡q †bq|
gybKvi I bvKx‡ii cÖkœ mZ¨, hv Ke‡ii g‡a¨ n‡e| Ke‡ii g‡a¨ ev›`vi iƒn‡K †`‡n wdwi‡q †Ìqv mZ¨| Ke‡ii
Pvc Ges Ke‡ii Avhve mZ¨, Kvwdiiv mK‡jB G kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡e Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvcx gywgbI Zv †fvM Ki‡e|
gnvb Avjvni- gwngvwš^Z †nvK Zuvi bvg- we‡klYmg~‡ni wel‡q AvwjgMY dvm©x fvlvq hv wKQz D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zv
meB ejv êa, †KejgvÎ dvm©x fvlvq Bqv` ev nvZ ejv ev‡`| dvm©x‡Z Ôe‡iv‡q †Lv`vÕ -Avh&hv I Rvjv- A_©vr gnvb Avjvni
†Pnvivi Imxjvq- G K_v ejv hv‡e, †Kv‡bviƒc Zzjbv Qvov Ges †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc mÜvb I cÖK…wZ wba©viY Qvov| Avjvni
ˆbKU¨ Ges Zuvi `~iZ¡ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ ev ¯’v‡bi ˆbKU¨ bq| wKš‘ Gi A_© m¤§vb ev Am¤§vb| (†gvjv Avjx Kvixi eY©bv:
m¤§vb ev Am¤§v‡bi A‡_©I bq|) AbyMZ ev›`v †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc mÜvb ev cÖK…wZ wba©viY QvovB Avjvni wbKUeZ©x| Aeva¨ ev›`v
†Kv‡bv ¯îƒc mÜvb ev cÖK…wZ wba©viY QvovB Avjvn †_‡K `~ieZ©x| ˆbKU¨, `~iZ¡, wbKUeZ©x nIqv BZ¨vw` cÖv_©bvKvixi †¶‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e Rvbœv‡Z gnvb Avjvni cÖwZ‡ewkZ¡ ev ˆbKU¨ Ges gnvb Avjvni m¤§y‡L Ae¯’vb meB ¯îƒc mÜvb ev
cÖK…wZ wba©viY Qvov|
KziAvb Kvixg ivm~jjy vn -Gi Dci AeZxY© Ges Zv gymnv‡di g‡a¨ wjwce×| Avjvni Kvjvg wn‡m‡e mKj AvqvZ
gh©v`v I gn‡Ë¡i w`K †_‡K mgvb| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avqv‡Zi wØwea gh©v`v i‡q‡Q: whK&i-Gi gh©v`v Ges whK&i-K…‡Zi
gh©v`v| †hgb AvqvZzj Kzimx| Gi g‡a¨ gnvb Avjvni gnË¡, gh©v`v I we‡klY Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ Gi g‡a¨ wØwea
gh©v`v GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q: whK&i ev ¯§i‡Yi gh©v`v Ges ¯§iYK…‡Zi gh©v`v| Avi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avqv‡Zi †Kej whK&i-Gi
dhxjZ i‡q‡Q, †hgb Kvwdi‡ì Kvwnbx, G‡Z hv‡ì‡K D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_©vr Kvwdi‡ì †Kv‡bv gh©v`v †bB|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Avjvni bvgmg~n Ges we‡klYmg~n meB mggh©v`vi, G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gh©v`vMZ †Kv‡bv ZviZg¨ †bB|
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Kzdz‡ii Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib| (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwc‡Z AwZwi³ i‡q‡Q: Ges
ivm~jyjvn  Cgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib|) Zuvi PvPv Ges Avjx (iv)-Gi wcZv Avey Zvwje Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
Kvwmg, Zvwni I Beivnxg ivm~jyjvn -Gi cyÎ wQ‡jb| dvwZgv, i“KvBqv, hvBbve I D¤§y Kzjm~g Zuviv mK‡jB ivm~jyjvn
-Gi Kb¨v wQ‡jb| Avjvn Zuv‡ì mK‡ji cÖwZ mš‘ó †nvb|
hw` †Kv‡bv gvby‡li Kv‡Q ÔBjgyZ ZvInx`Õ-Gi ev AvKx`vi LuywUbvwU wel‡qi my² Z_¨ A¯úó n‡q c‡o Z‡e Zvi
`vwqZ¡ GB †h, Zr¶Yvr G wel‡q Avjvni wbKU hv mwVK ZvB Avgvi wek¦vm-Giƒc wek¦vm †cvlY Ki‡e| Gici h_vkxNÖ m¤¢e
†Kv‡bv Avwjg‡K wRÁvmv K‡i mwVK Z_¨ †R‡b wb‡e| mwVK Z_¨ Rvbvi wel‡q AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †`wi Kiv Zvi Rb¨ êa
bq| Giƒc wel‡q Ôùvwo‡q _vKvÕ ev ÔweiZ _vKvÕ, A_©vr ÔRvwbI bv Ges RvbeI bv e‡j †_‡g _vKvÕ, ev ÔwKQyB Rvwb bv
Kv‡RB wKQyB wek¦vm Kie bvÕ Giƒc K_v ejv Zvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Ihi e‡j M„nxZ n‡e bv| †KD hw` Giƒc ùvwo‡q _v‡K ev
weiZ _v‡K Z‡e Zv Kzdix e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
wgÕiv‡Ri msev` mZ¨| †h Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †m we`ÔAvZx I weåvš—|
`v¾v‡ji ewnM©gb, BqvR~R I gvR~‡Ri ewnM©gb, A¯—Mg‡bi ¯’vb †_‡K m~‡h©i D`q nIqv, AvKvk †_‡K Cmv (Av)-
Gi AeZiY Ges wKqvgv‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ mKj c~e©vfvm, †hfv‡e mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Zv meB mZ¨ Ges NU‡eB| gnvb
Avjvn hv‡K B”Qv mij c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib|
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e¨vL¨v I UxKv
1. †n`vqvZ I †Mvgivwn
Dc‡ii e³‡e¨ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) cÖ_‡g †n`vqvZ I †Mvgivwn wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`v
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb:
ÒAvjvn ZvÔAvjv `qv K‡i hv‡K B”Qv myc_ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| Avi wZwb b¨vqcivqYZv c~e©K hv‡K B”Qv weåvš— K‡ib| weåvš—
Kivi A_© mvnvh¨ cwiZ¨vM Kiv| mvnvh¨ cwiZ¨v‡Mi e¨vL¨v GB †h, gnvb Avjvn †m ev›`v‡K Zuvi mš‘wói c‡_ Pjvi ZvIdxK
cÖ`vb K‡ib bv| welqwU Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZvi cÖKvk| Abyiƒcfv‡e †h cvcx‡K wZwb cvc I Aeva¨Zvi Kvi‡Y cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb
Zvi cv‡ci Kvi‡Y kvw¯— cÖ`vbI Zuvi b¨vqcivqYZvi cªKvk| Avgv‡ì Rb¨ G K_v ejv êa bq †h, kqZvb Rei`w¯— K‡i ev
†Rvi K‡i gywgb ev›`vi Cgvb †K‡o †bq| eis Avgiv ewj: ev›`v Zvi Cgvb cwiZ¨vM K‡i, ZLb kqZvb Zv Zvi †_‡K wQwb‡q
†bq|Ó
gnvb Avjvn KziAv‡b evievi D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb hv‡K B”Qv c_ cÖ`k©b K‡ib ev c_åó K‡ib| G welqK
K‡qKwU AvqvZ Avgiv cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡` ZvK`xi cÖm‡½ †`‡LwQ| G A‡_© Av‡iv K‡qKwU AvqvZ:
ِ ِ ‫ِﱡ ﱠ‬ ِِ ِ ‫ول إِﻻ ﺒِِﻠ َﺴ‬
ٍ ‫وﻤﺎ أَرﺴْﻠَﻨﺎ ِﻤ ْن رﺴ‬
ُ ‫ﺎء َو ُﻫ َو اْﻟ َﻌ ِز ُﯿز اْﻟ َﺤﻛ‬
‫ﯿم‬ ُ ‫ﺎء َوَﯿ ْﻬدي َﻤ ْن َﯿ َﺸ‬ َ ‫ﺎن ﻗَ ْو ِﻤﻪ ﻟُﯿَﺒﯿ‬
ُ ‫ﱢن ﻟَﻬُ ْم ﻓَُﯿﻀل اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻤ ْن َﯿ َﺸ‬ َُ َ ْ ََ
ÒAvi Avwg cÖ‡Z¨K ivm~j‡K Zvi RvwZi fvlv‡ZB cvwV‡qwQ, hv‡Z †m Zv‡ì Kv‡Q eY©bv †`q; AZtci Avjvn hv‡K
B”Qv c_åó K‡ib Ges hv‡K B”Qv mwVK c_ †`Lvb| Avi wZwb civµgkvjx cÖÁvgq|Ó 531
ِ ‫ﱠد ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﱠﻤ‬ ‫ﻼم وﻤ ْن ﯿ ِرْد أ ْ ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺼ ْد َرﻩُ ﻟ‬ ِ
‫ﺎء‬ َ ‫ﻀﯿﱢﻘًﺎ َﺤ َر ًﺠﺎ َﻛﺄَﱠﻨ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ﺼﻌ‬ َ ُ‫ﺼ ْد َرﻩ‬
َ ‫َن ُﯿﻀﻠﻪُ َﯿ ْﺠ َﻌ ْل‬ ُ َ َ ِ ‫ﻺ ْﺴ‬ َ ‫َﯿﻬدَﯿﻪُ َﯿ ْﺸ َرْح‬ ْ ‫ﻓَ َﻤ ْن ُﯿ ِرِد اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ أ‬
‫َن‬
ِ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﻛ َذﻟِ َك َﯿ ْﺠ َﻌ ُل اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﱢ‬
َ ‫ﯿن ﻻ ُﯿ ْؤ ِﻤُﻨ‬
‫ون‬ َ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟذ‬ ‫اﻟر ْﺠ َس‬
ÒAvjvn hv‡K †n`vqvZ Ki‡Z Pvb Zvi e¶ Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ cÖk¯— K‡i †`b| Avi hv‡K wZwb c_åó Ki‡Z Pvb Zvi
e¶‡K msKxY©-msKzwPZ K‡i †`b; †hb †m AvKv‡k-E‡aŸ© Av‡ivnY Ki‡Q| Gfv‡eB Avjvn AKj¨vY †`b Zv‡ì Dci hviv
Cgvb Av‡b bv|Ó 532
cvkvcvwk KziAv‡b evievi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Cgvb Avbqb ev mZ¨ MÖnY gvby‡li wb‡Ri B”Qvaxb Kg©| gnvb
Avjøvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫وُﻗ ِل اْﻟﺤ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ﺎء َﻓْﻠُﯿ ْؤ ِﻤ ْن َو َﻤ ْن َﺸ‬
‫ﺎء َﻓْﻠَﯿ ْﻛﻔُْر‬ َ ‫ق ﻤ ْن َرﱢﺒ ُﻛ ْم ﻓَ َﻤ ْن َﺸ‬ َ َ
ÒAvi ej, †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K mZ¨; Kv‡RB †h B”Qv K‡i †m Cgvb MÖnY Ki“K Ges †h B”Qv K‡i †m
Kzdix Ki“K|Ó 533
Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Avjøvn myenvbvû Iqv ZvAvjv e‡jb:
ِ ‫إِ ﱠن ﻫِذ ِﻩ ﺘَ ْذ ِﻛرةٌ ﻓَﻤ ْن َﺸﺎء اﺘﱠ َﺨ َذ ِإَﻟﻰ رﺒ‬
‫ﱢﻪ َﺴﺒِﯿﻼ‬ َ َ َ َ َ
Òwbðq G GK Dc‡`k; AZGe †h Pvq †m Zvi i‡ei w`‡K c_ MÖnY KiæK|Ó534
Dc‡ii mKj Avqv‡Zi mgwš^Z A_© Bgvg Avey nvbxdv GLv‡b e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi K_vi mvigg© n‡jv, gvbyl‡K Avjvn
¯^vaxb B”Qvkw³ w`‡q m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gvbyl Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qv eënvi K‡i wK Ki‡e wZwb Zv Rv‡bb| wZwb B”Qv Ki‡j Zvi B”Qv I
K‡g© evav w`‡Z cv‡ib ev Zvi B”Qv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb Zuvi †Kv‡bv ev›`vi B”Qv ev K‡g© mš‘ó n‡q Zv‡K AwZwi³
ZvIdxK Kj¨v‡Yi mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Avi G A‡_©B wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Òhv‡K B”Qv K‡ib Zv‡K wZwb †n`vqvZ K‡ib|Ó Zvi
†n`vqvZ A_© Zuvi ZvIdxK, hv Zuvi c¶ †_‡K AwZwi³ Ki“Yv| c¶vš—‡i hvi B”Qv I K‡g© Avjvn Amš‘ó nb Zv‡K Giƒc
ZvIdxK ev g½‡ji mnvqZv cÖ`vb †_‡K wZwb weiZ _v‡Kb; eis Zv‡K Zvi ¯^vaxb B”Qvi Dci †Q‡o †`b| ZLb †m ¯^vaxb B”Qv
I cÖe„wËi AbymiY K‡i wec_Mvgx nq| G A‡_©B wZwb e‡j‡Qb: Òhv‡K B”Qv wZwb Zv‡K c_åó K‡ib|Ó KvD‡K Zvi B”Qv I
K‡g©i Kvi‡Y AwZwi³ Ki“Yv I ZvIdxK cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ _vKv Bbmv‡di e¨wZµg bq| Giƒc e¨w³i B”Qv I K‡g©i Rb¨ Zv‡K
kvw¯— †ÌqvI Bbmv‡di e¨wZµg bq|
2. Ke‡ii Ae¯’v
Gici Bgvg Avhg Kei welqK AvKx`vi K‡qKwU w`K D‡jøL K‡i e‡j‡Qb: gybKvi I bvKx‡ii cÖkœ mZ¨, hv Ke‡ii g‡a¨
n‡e| Ke‡ii g‡a¨ ev›`vi iƒn‡K †`‡n wdwi‡q †Ìqv mZ¨| Ke‡ii Pvc Ges Ke‡ii Avhve mZ¨, Kvwdiiv mK‡jB G kvw¯— †fvM
Ki‡e Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvcx gywgbI Zv †fvM Ki‡e|Ó
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KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K g„Zzï c‡i wKqvgv‡Zi Av‡M gaëZ©x mg‡qi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Rvb‡Z
cvwi| gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ﱠ‬ ِِ ‫ِ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ِ َ ‫ﱢت اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ اﻟﱠِذﯿن آَﻤ ُﻨوا ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻘو ِل اﻟﺜﱠﺎﺒِ ِت ِﻓﻲ اْﻟ َﺤَﯿ ِﺎة اﻟ ﱡد ْﻨَﯿﺎ وِﻓﻲ ا‬
‫ﺎء‬ َ ‫ﻵﺨ َ ِرة َوُﯿﻀ ﱡل اﻟﻠﻪُ اﻟظﺎﻟﻤ‬
ُ ‫ﯿن َوَﯿ ْﻔ َﻌ ُل اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻤﺎ َﯿ َﺸ‬ َ ْ َ َ ُ ‫ُﯿﺜَﺒ‬
Òhviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q Zv‡ì‡K Avjvn kvk¦Z evYx‡Z mycÖwZwôZ ivL‡eb BnRxe‡b Ges ciRxe‡b Ges hviv Rvwjg
Avjvn Zv‡ì‡K weåvwš—‡Z ivL‡eb| Avjvn hv B”Qv Zv K‡ib|Ó 535
G †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, BnRxe‡bi b¨vq ciRxe‡bI kvk¦Z evYxi Dci cÖwZôvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| wewfbœ nv`xm †_‡K Rvbv
hvq †h ciKvjxb Rxe‡bi ïi“‡Z Ke‡i ÔgybKvi-bvKxiÕ bvgK gvjvKØ‡qi cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g G cÖwZôv cÖgvwYZ n‡e|
Ab¨ Avqv‡Z gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ون ﺒِ َﻤﺎ ُﻛ ْﻨﺘُ ْم‬
ِ ُ‫اب اْﻟﻬ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺴطُو أ َْﯿ ِدﯿ ِﻬ ْم أ‬
َ ‫َﺨ ِر ُﺠوا أ َْﻨﻔُ َﺴ ُﻛ ُم اْﻟَﯿ ْوَم ﺘُ ْﺠ َزْو َن َﻋ َذ‬ ِ ‫ات اْﻟﻤو ِت واْﻟﻤﻼﺌِ َﻛﺔُ َﺒ‬ ِ ‫وﻟَو ﺘَرى ِإِذ اﻟظﱠ ِﺎﻟﻤون ِﻓﻲ َﻏﻤر‬
َ َ َْ ََ َ ُ َ َْ
ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ق َو ُﻛ ْﻨﺘُ ْم َﻋ ْن آََﯿﺎﺘﻪ ﺘَ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻛﺒِ ُر‬
‫ون‬ ‫ون َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ َﻏ ْﯿ َر اْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬
َ ُ‫ﺘَﻘُوﻟ‬
Òhw` Zzwg †`L‡Z, hLb RvwjgMY g„Zz¨ hš¿Yvq _vK‡e Ges gvjvKMY nvZ evwo‡q ej‡e: Ô‡Zvgv‡ì cÖvY †ei Ki,
†Zvgiv Avjvn m¤^‡Ü Ab¨vq ej‡Z I Zuvi wb`k©b m¤^‡Ü J×Z¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z, †m Rb¨ AvR †Zvgv‡ì‡K AegvbbvKi kvw¯—
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|Ó 536
G AvqvZ †_‡K g„Zz¨Kvjxb kvw¯— Ges g„Zzï c‡iB- †mw`‡bB- †h kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Zvi wel‡q Rvbv hvq| Ab¨
Avqv‡Z Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ‫َل ِﻓ ْرَﻋو َن أَ َﺸ ﱠد اْﻟ َﻌ َذ‬
‫اب‬ َ ‫ﱠﺎﻋﺔُ أ َْد ِﺨﻠُوا آ‬
َ ‫وم اﻟﺴ‬ ِ ِ ‫وء اْﻟ َﻌ َذ‬
ُ ‫اب اﻟﱠﻨ ُﺎر ُﯿ ْﻌ َر‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺎق ﺒِﺂ‬
ْ ُ ُ‫ون َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻬَﺎ ُﻏ ُد �وا َو َﻋﺸﯿ�ﺎ َوَﯿ ْوَم ﺘَﻘ‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬ ُ ‫َل ﻓ ْرَﻋ ْو َن ُﺴ‬ َ ‫َو َﺤ‬
ÒKwVb kvw¯— cwi‡eób Kij wdivD‡bi †Mvôx‡K| mKvj mÜ¨vq Zv‡ì Dcw¯’Z Kiv nq Av¸‡bi mvg‡b Ges †hw`b
wKqvgvZ NU‡e †mw`b (ejv n‡e:) wdivD‡bi †Mvôx‡K cÖ‡ek KivI KwVb kvw¯—i g‡a¨|Ó537
G K_v ¯úófv‡e cÖgvY K‡i †h, wKqvgv‡Zi c~‡e©I KvwdiMY‡K kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Ges mKvj-mÜ¨vq Av¸‡bi
mvg‡b Zv‡ì Dcw¯’Z Kiv n‡e|
wKqvgvZ wè‡mi eY©bv cÖm‡½ gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِ ‫ِﱠ‬ ِ
َ ‫ون َذﻟ َك َوﻟَﻛ ﱠن أَ ْﻛﺜََرُﻫ ْم ﻻ َﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻤ‬
‫ون‬ َ ‫ظﻠَ ُﻤوا َﻋ َذ ًاﺒﺎ ُد‬ َ ‫ون َ ٕوِا ﱠن ﻟﻠذ‬
َ ‫ﯿن‬ َ ‫ﺼ ُر‬
َ ‫َﯿ ْوَم ﻻ ُﯿ ْﻐﻨﻲ َﻋ ْﻨﻬُ ْم َﻛ ْﯿ ُد ُﻫ ْم َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ َوﻻ ُﻫ ْم ُﯿْﻨ‬
Ò†h w`b Zv‡ì lohš¿ Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvM‡e bv Ges Zv‡ì‡K mvnvhÏ Kiv n‡e bv| Avi hvwjgM‡Yi Rb¨
i‡q‡Q Gi c~‡e©i ev wb‡gœi kvw¯—; wKš‘ Zv‡ì AwaKvskB Rv‡b bv|Ó 538
G AvqvZI wKqvgv‡Zi c~‡e©i kvw¯—i K_v cÖgvY K‡i| cvkvcvwk AmsL¨ nv`x‡m g„Zzï mg‡qi, g„Zzï c‡ii G mKj
kvw¯—, cyi¯‹vi BZ¨vwì wel‡q Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G mKj nv`xm †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, g„Ze¨w³‡K Ke‡i ivLvi c‡i Zvi ÔiƒnÕ
Zv‡K †diZ †Ìqv n‡e Ges Zv‡K ÔgybKvi I bvKxiÕ bvgK wdwikZvMY cÖkœ Ki‡eb Zvi cÖwZcvjK, Zvi `xb I Zvi bex
m¤ú‡K©| gywgb e¨w³ G mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z m¶g n‡eb| gybvwdK ev Kvwdi G mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z A¶g n‡e|
cvcx I Awek¦vmx‡ì‡K Ke‡i wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii kvw¯— †fvM Ki‡Z n‡e, Zb¥‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÔKe‡ii PvcÕ| Ke‡ii gvwU Pvwiw`K
†_‡K Kei¯’ e¨w³‡K Pvc †Ìqvi gva¨‡g kvw¯— cÖ`vb Ki‡e| c¶vš—‡i †bKKvi gywgbMY Ke‡i Ae¯’vbKv‡j kvwš— I
wbqvgZ †fvM Ki‡eb|
mvaviYfv‡e G Ae¯’v‡K ÔKe‡iiÕ Ae¯’v ejv nq| Z‡e ÔKeiÕ ej‡Z g„Zz¨ I wKqvgv‡Zi gaëZ©x Ae¯’v‡KB eySv‡bv
nq| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Kei¯’ bv n‡jI †m G mKj kvw¯— ev cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i| KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q:
‫ت َﻛﻼ إِﱠﻨﻬَﺎ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔٌ ُﻫ َو ﻗَﺎﺌِﻠُﻬَﺎ َو ِﻤ ْن َوَراﺌِ ِﻬ ْم‬
ُ ‫ﯿﻤﺎ ﺘََرْﻛ‬ ِ ِ ‫َﻋﻤ ُل‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎﻟ ًﺤﺎ ﻓ‬
َ
‫ب ار ِﺠﻌ ِ ﱢ‬
َ ْ ‫ون ﻟَ َﻌﻠﻲ أ‬ ُ ْ ‫ﺎل َر ﱢ‬
َ َ‫ت ﻗ‬
ُ ‫َﺤ َد ُﻫ ُم اْﻟ َﻤ ْو‬ َ ‫َﺤﺘﱠﻰ إِ َذا َﺠ‬
َ ‫ﺎء أ‬
َ ُ‫َﺒ ْرَزٌخ ِإﻟَﻰ َﯿ ْوِم ُﯿ ْﺒ َﻌﺜ‬
.‫ون‬
ÒhLb Zv‡ì Kv‡iv g„Zz¨ Dcw¯’Z nq ZLb †m e‡j, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK, Avgv‡K cybivq †cÖiY Ki; hv‡Z Avwg
mrKg© Ki‡Z cvwi hv Avwg c~‡e© Kwi wb| bv, G nIqvi bq| G †Zv Zvi GKwU Dw³ gvÎ| Zv‡ì m¤§y‡L ÔevihvLÕ (cÖwZeÜK
ev c„_KxKiY mgqKvj) _vK‡e cybi“Ìvb wèm ch©š—|Ó 539
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv G wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi wek¦vm ms‡¶‡c GLv‡b e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|
Kei Avhve cÖm‡½ wZwb ÔAvj-wdKûj AvemvZÕ-G e‡jb:
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‫ون إِﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﱢ‬

َ ‫ "ﺜُﱠم ُﯿ َرﱡد‬،"‫ " َﺴُﻨ َﻌذُﺒﻬُ ْم َﻤ ﱠرﺘَْﯿ ِن‬:‫ﻤن ﻗﺎل ﻻ أﻋرف ﻋذاب اﻟﻘﺒر ﻓﻬو ﻤن اﻟﺠﻬﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻟﻛﺔ ﻷﻨﻪ أﻨﻛر ﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﯿﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺒر‬،"‫ون َذﻟِك‬ ِ ‫ِﱠ‬ ٍ ِ ٍ ‫َﻋ َذ‬
َ ‫ظَﻠ ُﻤوا َﻋ َذ ًاﺒﺎ ُد‬ َ ‫ " َ ٕوِا ﱠن ﻟﻠذ‬:‫ ﯿﻌﻨﻲ ﻋذاب اﻟﻘﺒر وﻗوﻟﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬،"‫اب َﻋظﯿم‬
َ ‫ﯿن‬
Òhw` †KD e‡j: Avwg Ke‡ii Avhve Rvwb bv Z‡e †m aŸsmMÖ¯— Rvngx‡ì `jfy³| KviY, †m KziAv‡bi e³e¨
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| Avjvn e‡jb: ÒAPx‡iB Avwg Zv‡ì‡K kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kie `yÕeviÓ ÒGici Zv‡ì‡K KwVb Avhv‡ei w`‡K
†bIqv n‡eÓ- A_©vr Ke‡ii Avhve| Avjvn Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvi hvwjgM‡Yi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q Gi c~‡e©i kvw¯—...Ó 540, A_©vr
Ke‡ii kvw¯—|Ó 541
3. Avjvni we‡kl‡Yi Abyev`
Gici Bgvg Avhg e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjvni- gwngvwš^Z †nvK Zuvi bvg- we‡klYmg~‡ni wel‡q AvwjgMY dvm©x fvlvq hv
wKQz D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zv meB ejv êa, †KejgvÎ dvm©x fvlvq Bqv` ev nvZ ejv ev‡`| dvm©x‡Z Ôe‡iv‡q †Lv`vÕ -Avh&hv I Rvjv-
A_©vr gnvb Avjvni †Pnvivi Imxjvq- G K_v ejv hv‡e, †Kv‡bviƒc Zzjbv Qvov Ges †Kv‡bviƒc ¯îƒc mÜvb I cÖK…wZ wba©viY
Qvov|Ó
Avgiv †R‡bwQ †h, Avjvni we‡klYmg~n Zzjbv I ¯îƒc e¨wZ‡i‡K evwn¨K A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj
RvgvÔAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ| GLv‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv Aviex Qvov Ab¨ fvlvq G mKj we‡kl‡Yi Abyev` Kivi g~jbxwZ D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨ fvlvq Aviex we‡klYwUi †h AvwfavwbK cÖwZkã i‡q‡Q Zv eënvi Kiv n‡e Ges Zzjbv I ¯îƒc mÜvb Qvov Zv
wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb IqvRûjvn (‫ )وﺠﻪ اﷲ‬A_© Ô‡iv‡q †Lv`vÕ: ÔAvjvni †PnvivÕ ev ÔgyLgÊjÕ ejv n‡e| gywgb cÖZ¨‡qi mv‡_
wek¦vm K‡ib †h, Ô†PnvivÕ ev ÔgyLgÊjÕ gnvb Avjvni GKwU we‡klY, Gi ¯îƒc Avgiv Rvwb bv Ges Zv †Kv‡bv m„wói †Kv‡bv
we‡kl‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| Ab¨vb¨ mKj we‡klYB Giƒc| †hgb AvBb A_© Pÿz, Kv`vg A_© c`, Mvhve A_© †µva, wi`v A_©
mš‘wó, BmwZIqv A_© Awaôvb, byh~j A_© AeZiY BZ¨vw`| Z‡e Bqv` ev nvZ kãwUi dvm©x cÖwZkã eënvi Ki‡Z Bgvg Avhg
AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| †gvjøv Avjx Kvix e‡jb: G wb‡l‡ai KviY ¯úó bq| Z‡e mvjd mvwjnxb mK‡jB GKgZ †h, Bqv` (n¯Í)
we‡klYwU e¨vL¨vwenxbfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|542 P541F
4. Avjvni ˆbKU¨ I `~iZ¡

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) Gici e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvjvni ˆbKU¨ Ges Zuvi `~iZ¡ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi `~iZ¡ ev ¯’v‡bi ˆbKU¨ bq|
m¤§vb ev Am¤§v‡bi A‡_©I bq| AbyMZ ev›`v †Kv‡bv ¯îƒc mÜvb ev cÖK…wZ wba©viY QvovB Avjvni wbKUeZ©x| Aeva¨ ev›`v
†Kv‡bv ¯îƒc mÜvb ev cÖK…wZ wba©viY QvovB Avjvn †_‡K `~ieZ©x| ˆbKU¨, `~iZ¡, wbKUeZ©x nIqv BZ¨vw` cÖv_©bvKvixi †¶‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨| Abyiƒcfv‡e Rvbœv‡Z gnvb Avjvni cÖwZ‡ewkZ¡ ev ˆbKU¨ Ges gnvb Avjvni m¤§y‡L Ae¯’vb meB ¯îƒc mÜvb ev
cÖK…wZ wba©viY Qvov|Ó
gnvb Avjvn wewfbœfv‡e D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb ev›`vi wbKUeZ©x, wZwb Zvi Mjvi agbx n‡ZI †ewk wbKUeZ©x, wZwb Zvi
mv‡_, wZwb †bKKvi ev›`vM‡Yi wbKUeZ©x ev mv‡_... BZ¨vw`| G¸wj meB Avjvni wmdvZ ev we‡klY| Rvngx I gyZvwhjxMY
KL‡bv G mKj we‡kl‡Yi bvbviƒc e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| KL‡bv G¸wji wfwË‡Z gnvb Avjvni Avi‡ki Dci AwawóZ nIqvi we‡klY
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì aviYvq Avjvni ˆbKU¨ I Avi‡ki Dci AwawôZ _vKvi g‡a¨ êcixZ¨ i‡q‡Q| Avmj êcixZ¨ Zv‡ì
aviYv I †PZbvq; Zviv gnvb Avjvn‡K m„wói gZ wPš—v K‡i Kíbv K‡i‡Q †h, wZwb GKB mg‡q Avi‡k mgvmxb I ev›`vi wbKU
n‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zviv fve‡Z cv‡i wb ev Pvq wb †h, wZwb Giƒc gvbexq mxge×Zvi A‡bK E‡aŸ©| Bgvg Avhg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h,
G mKj we‡klY‡KI GKBfv‡e †Kv‡bviƒc Zzjbv Ges ¯îƒcmÜvb QvovB mij A‡_© wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~‡ni gh©v`vi cv_©K¨
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) Gici KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~‡ni gh©v`vi welqwU e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb: ÒKziAvb
Kvixg ivm~jyjvn -Gi Dci AeZxY© Ges Zv gymnv‡di g‡a¨ wjwce×| Avjvni Kvjvg wn‡m‡e mKj AvqvZ gh©v`v I
gn‡Ë¡i w`K †_‡K mgvb| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avqv‡Zi wØwea gh©v`v i‡q‡Q: whK&i-Gi gh©v`v Ges whK&i-K…‡Zi gh©v`v|
†hgb AvqvZzj Kzimx| Gi g‡a¨ gnvb Avjvni gnË¡, gh©v`v I we‡klY Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ Gi g‡a¨ wØwea gh©v`v
GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q: whK&i ev ¯§i‡Yi gh©v`v Ges ¯§iYK…‡Zi gh©v`v| Avi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avqv‡Zi †Kej whK&i-Gi dhxjZ
i‡q‡Q, †hgb Kvwdi‡ì Kvwnbx, G‡Z hv‡ì‡K D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_©vr Kvwdi‡ì †Kv‡bv gh©v`v †bB| Abyiƒcfv‡e
Avjvni bvgmg~n Ges we‡klYmg~n meB mggh©v`vi, G¸wji g‡a¨ gh©v`vMZ †Kv‡bv ZviZg¨ †bB|Ó
KziAvb gvRx‡ì wewfbœ Avqv‡Zi wKQz dhxjZ wewfbœ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wØZxq wnRix kZK †_‡K A‡bK
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Z_vKw_Z Òavwg©KÓ gvbyl A‡bK Rvj I wg_¨v K_vI dhxj‡Zi bv‡g cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| 543 G mKj eY©bv dhxjZ
wel‡q GK cÖKv‡ii evovevwoi Rb¥ †`q| dhxj‡Zi AvqvZ I m~iv¸‡jvi wel‡q AwaK ¸iæZ¡v‡iv‡ci Kvi‡Y wbqwgZ KziAvb
wZjvIqvZ, Aa¨qb I Abyave‡bi mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ Bev`‡Z Ae‡njv I ÎæwU nq|
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) G welqK g~jbxwZ D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| wZwb D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Avjvni Kvjvg wn‡m‡e mKj
Avqv‡Zi gh©v`v mgvb| KziAv‡bi gh©v`v I dhxj‡Zi g~j welq GwUB| Kv‡RB gywgb‡K G w`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk wKQz
Avqv‡Zi A_©MZ we‡kl gh©v`v i‡q‡Q| mnxn nv`x‡m cÖgvwYZ we‡kl dhxjZ¸wj ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, Giƒc A_©MZ
gh©v`vi K_v Zv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi Giƒc A_©MZ dhxjZ jvf Ki‡Z A_© ü`q½g Kiv Ges cwVZ Avqv‡Z gnvb Avjvni †h
gh©v`vi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv Abyfe Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Kv‡RB G wel‡q mnxn mybœv‡Zi wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb Ri“ix|
6. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cwiRbeM©
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb wel‡q Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`v eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb:
Òivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Kzdz‡ii Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib| (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwc‡Z AwZwi³ i‡q‡Q: Ges
ivm~jyjvn () Cgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib|) Zuvi PvPv Ges Avjx (iv)-Gi wcZv Avey Zvwje Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY
K‡ib| Kvwmg, Zvwni I Beivnxg ivm~jyjvn -Gi cyÎ wQ‡jb| dvwZgv, i“KvBqv, hvBbve I D¤§y Kzjm~g Zuviv mK‡jB
ivm~jyjvn -Gi Kb¨v wQ‡jb| Avjvn Zuv‡ì mK‡ji cÖwZ mš‘ó †nvb|Ó
Avgiv Bgvg Avh‡gi G K_v¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Kie, Bbkv Avjøvn|
6. 1. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv
6. 1. 1. Kx e‡jwQ‡jb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv?
G cwi‡”Q‡` Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv, PvPv I mš—vb‡ì welq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g
Aby‡”Q‡` wZbwU evK¨ we`¨gvb| wZbwU evK¨B g„Zz¨ cÖm‡½| cÖ_g ev‡K¨ Zuvi wcZvgvZvi g„Zz¨, wØZxq ev‡K¨ Zuvi g„Zy¨ I Z…Zxq
ev‡K¨ Zuvi PvPv Avey Zvwj‡ei g„Zzï Ae¯’v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq evK¨wU mKj cvÊywjwc‡Z we`¨gvb| cÖ_g I wØZxq evK¨wU
ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKev‡iiÓ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwc‡Z we`¨gvb I Ab¨vb¨ cvÊywjwc‡Z Awe`¨gvb|
ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ MÖ‡š’i cÖwm×Zg e¨vL¨v `kg-GKv`k wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm×Zg nvbvdx dKxn I gynvwÏm †gvjv
Avjx Kvix (1014 wn/1606 L„) cÖYxZ Òkviûj wdKwnj AvKeviÓ| G MÖ‡š’i †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwc‡Z evK¨`ywU we`¨gvb Ges †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bvwU‡Z ïay Z…Zxq evK¨wU we`¨gvb| _vbex cÖKvkbx, †Ìe›`, fviZ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ôkviûj wdKwnj AvKeviÕ G evK¨¸‡jv
Gfv‡eB we`¨gvb| kvBL gviIqvb gynv¤§v` Avk-kvÔAvi (‫)اﻟﺸﯿﺦ ﻤروان ﻤﺤﻤد اﻟﺸﻌﺎر‬-Gi m¤úv`bvq †jevb‡bi `vi“b bvdvBm KZ©„K
cÖKvwkZ Òkviûj wdKwnj AvKeviÓ MÖ‡š’I evK¨¸‡jv we`¨gvb| wKš‘ `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vn êi“Z, †jevbb cÖKvwkZ Ôkviû
wdKwnj AvKeviÕ cy¯—‡K (ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡ib) evK¨wU †bB| Abyiƒcfv‡e Kv`xgx
KzZzeLvbv, AvivgevM, KivwP, cvwK¯—vb n‡Z cÖKvwkZ †gvjv Avjx K¡vixi kviûj wdKwnj AvKev‡iI evK¨wU †bB|
Avj-wdKûj AvKev‡ii cvÊywjwç‡jv cÖwm× nvbvdx AvwjgMY msi¶Y I Abywjwc K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b `ywU m¤¢vebv we`¨gvb:
(K) Bgvg Avhg evK¨¸‡jv wj‡LwQ‡jb, wKš‘ cieZ©x hy‡Mi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wjwcKvi nvbvdx Avwjg evK¨¸‡jv A‡kvfbxq nIqvq Zv
†d‡j w`‡q‡Qb| (L) evK¨¸‡jv wZwb wj‡Lb wb, cieZ©x hy‡Mi †Kv‡bv wjwcKvi nvbvdx Avwjg AwZwi³ evK¨¸‡jv ms‡hvRb
K‡i‡Qb|
cÖ_g m¤¢vebvB ¯^vfvweK| cieZ©x hy‡M ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZvi wel‡q G evK¨ ms‡hvRb Kivi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
nvbvdx Avwjg‡ì wQj e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq bv| wKš‘ G evK¨`y‡Uv‡K cieZ©x hy‡Mi A‡bK nvbvdx AvwjgB A‡kvfbxq e‡j MY¨
K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡RB AcÖvmw½K ev A‡kvfbxq wn‡m‡e Zv †d‡j †Ìqv A¯^vfvweK bq| Avgiv †`Le †h, †gvjv Avjx Kvixi e¨vL¨vi
g‡a¨ G welqK Av‡jvPbv we`¨gvb _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zuvi e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ gyw`ªZ ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv gy`ª‡Y G
evK¨wU †bB| A_©vr gy`ªY ev Abywjwci mgq Bgvg Avh‡gi e³e¨ †_‡K K_vwU †d‡j †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, hwÌ e¨vL¨vi g‡a¨ Zv
we`¨gvb| Avgiv cieZ©x Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Le †h, Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g wZb-Pvi kZvãx‡Z ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv wel‡q
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvwjgMY hv e‡j‡Qb cieZ©x AvwjgMY †m¸‡jv †mfv‡e ejv A‡kvfbxq e‡jB g‡b K‡i‡Qb|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, nqZ e³e¨wU wbgœiƒc wQj (‫)واﻟدا رﺴول اﷲ ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺴﻠم ﻤﺎ ﻤﺎﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛﻔر‬
Òivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv Kzd‡ii Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib wbÓ| cvÊywjwcKv‡ii fy‡j (‫ )ﻤﺎ‬kãwU c‡o hvIqvq A_© m¤ú~Y© wecixZ
n‡q wM‡q‡Q| GwU GKwU `~ieZ©x m¤¢vebv| KviY G‡¶‡Î ÔKzd‡ii Dci g„ZzëiY K‡ib wbÕ bv e‡j ÔCgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY
K‡i‡QbÕ ejvB wQj ¯^vfvweK|
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— wUi bvg ( ‫أدﻟﺔ ﻤﻌﺘﻘد أﺒﻲ ﺤﻨﯿﻔﺔ اﻷﻋظم ﻓﻲ أﺒوي‬

D‡jL¨ †h, †gvjv Avjx Kvix G wel‡q c„_K GKwU cy¯—K iPbv K‡ib| cy¯K
‫ )اﻟرﺴول ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬A_©vr Òivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi wel‡q Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvbxdvi AvKx`vi c‡¶ `jxjmg~nÓ| G
MÖ‡š’i ïi“‡Z wZwb e‡jb:
."‫اﷲ َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر‬ ِ ‫ "وو ِاﻟ َدا رﺴو ِل‬:‫ﺼﻪ‬ ِِ ِ ِِ ِ ِ ِ َ ‫" َﻗ ْد َﻗ‬
ْ ُ َ َ َ ُ ‫ﺎم اﻷَ ْﻗ َد ُم ﻓ ْﻲ ﻛﺘَﺎﺒﻪ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘََﺒ ِر اْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﱠﺒ ِر ﺒـ)اْﻟﻔ ْﻘﻪ اﻷَ ْﻛَﺒ ِر( َﻤﺎ َﻨ ﱡ‬ ُ ‫ظ ُم َواْﻟﻬُ َﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺎم اﻷَ ْﻋ‬ ُ ‫ﺎل اﻹ َﻤ‬
ِ َ ‫ َو َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻤ ْن َﻗﺎل َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر ﺜُﱠم‬،‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫اﷲ َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ‬
ِ ‫اﻹْﯿ َﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺎل ﺒِﺄَ ﱠن و ِاﻟ َدي رﺴو ِل‬ َ ‫ َﻫ َذا َرﱞد َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻤ ْن َﻗ‬:ُ‫ﺎل َﺸ ِﺎر ُﺤﻪ‬
َ‫)د َﻋﺎ( َر ُﺴ ْو ُل اﷲ اﷲ‬ ُْ َ ْ َ َ ‫َﻓ َﻘ‬
‫ﺼ ﱠوُر ِﻓ ْﻲ َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﻤ َﻘ ِﺎم‬ َ ‫اﻹ َﻤ ِﺎم‬
َ َ‫ﻻ ُﯿﺘ‬ ْ ‫ﻼ َم ِﻤ ْن َﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻀ َ ِرة‬ َ ‫ ِإ ﱠن َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﻛ‬:‫ﺼ ْو ُل‬ ِ
ُ ‫ َﻓﺄَﻗُ ْو ُل َوﺒِ َﺤ ْوِﻟﻪ َأ‬.‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻫ َﻤﺎ اﷲُ وأَ ْﺴَﻠ َﻤﺎ ﺜُﱠم َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ‬
ِ ‫اﻹْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ُ ‫َﻟﻬُ َﻤﺎ َﻓﺄَ ْﺤَﯿ‬
‫ﺎﻵﺤ ِﺎد ِﻤ َن اﻷَ َﺤ ِﺎدْﯿ ِث‬ ‫اﻻﻋِﺘﻘَ ِﺎد ﻻَ ﯿﻌﻤ ُل ﺒِ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻟظﱢﻨﱠﯿ‬ ِ ِ ‫اﻟرواﯿ ِﺔ ﻷَﱠﻨﻪ ِﻓﻲ ﺒ‬ َ َ‫ط ِﻌ ﱠﻲ اﻟ ﱢدَرَاﯿ ِﺔ ﻻ‬ ْ َ‫ﺼْﯿ ِل اْﻟ َﻤ َرِام ِإﻻﱠ أَ ْن َﯿ ُﻛ ْو َن ﻗ‬ ِ ‫ِﻟﺘَ ْﺤ‬
َ ِ‫ﺎت َوﻻَ ﯿُ ْﻛﺘََﻔﻰ ﺒ‬ َُْ ْ ‫ﺎب‬ َ ْ ُ َ َ ‫ظﱢﻨ ﱠﻲ ﱢ‬
‫ﺼ ِل اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘََﺒ ِر أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻟَْﯿ َس ﻷَ َﺤٍد ِﻤ ْن أَ ْﻓ َرِاد اْﻟَﺒ َﺸ ِر أَ ْن َﯿ ْﺤ ُﻛ َم َﻋﻠَﻰ أَ َﺤٍد ﺒِﺄَﱠﻨﻪُ ِﻤ ْن‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﺎت و ﱢ‬
ْ َ‫اﻟرَو َاﯿﺎت اْﻟ َو ْﻫﻤﱠﯿﺎت ِإ ْذ ﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤﻘَ ﱠرِر َواْﻟ ُﻤ َﺤﱠرِر ﻓ ْﻲ اﻷ‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫اْﻟ َواﻫَﯿ‬
ِ ِ‫ﺎء اﻷﱡ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﺎع ُﻋﻠَﻤ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻻ ﺒَِﺄﱠﻨﻪ ِﻤن أَ ْﻫ ِل اْﻟﻌﻘُوﺒ ِﺔ ِإﻻﱠ ِﺒَﻨ ْﻘ ٍل ﺜَْﺒ ٍت ِﺒَﻨ ﱟ‬
ْ ُ َ ‫أَ ْﻫ ِل اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ َو‬
‫ﺎن اْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُرْو ِن‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻹْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ِ ‫ص ﻤ َن اْﻟﻛﺘَﺎب أَ ْو ﺘََواﺘٍُر ﻤ َن اﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨﺔ أَ ْو ِإ ْﺠ َﻤ‬ َْ ُ
ِ َ‫اﻹﻤ ِﺎم ﺒِ َﺤ ْﺴ ِب ﻤﺎ اطﱠَﻠ ْﻌَﻨﺎ َﻋَﻠْﯿ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ َﻫ َذا اْﻟﻤ َﻘ ِﺎم ﺒِﺎْﻟ ِﻛﺘ‬ ِ ‫ِﱡ‬ ِ َ ‫ َﻓِﺈ َذا َﻋرْﻓ‬.‫آﺨ ِر اْﻟ َﺤَﯿ ِﺎة‬ ِ ‫ﻀ ﱢم ِإَﻟﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺒِﺎْﻟ َوَﻓ ِﺎة أَ ْو ﺒِﺎْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر اْﻟ ُﻤْﻨ‬
‫ﺎب‬ َ ْ َ َ ِ ‫ت َذﻟ َك َﻓَﻨ ْﺴﺘَدل َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻤ َرام‬ َ
."‫ق أَِﺌ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ اﻷََﻨ ِﺎم‬ ِ ‫واﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ واﺘﱢ َﻔﺎ‬
َ َ
ÒBgvg Avhg Zuvi ÒAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÓ bvgK wbf©i‡hvM¨ MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb: Òivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Kzdz‡ii Dci
g„ZzëiY K‡ib|Ó e¨vL¨vKvi e‡jb: G K_vi Øviv wZwb `ywU gZ LÊb K‡i‡Qb: hviv e‡jb †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv
Cgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì gZ Ges hviv e‡jb †h, Zuviv Kzd‡ii Dci g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib, AZtci ivm~jyjvn ()
Zuv‡ì Rb¨ Avjvni Kv‡Q `yAv K‡ib, ZLb Avjvn Zv‡ì `yRb‡K cybR©xweZ K‡ib Ges Zuviv `yRb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i Bmjvg-mn
g„ZzëiY K‡ib- Zv‡ì gZ wZwb LÊb K‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q Avwg Avjvni mvnvh¨ I ZvIdx‡K ewj †h, G wel‡q nhiZ Bgvg
Avh‡gi e³e¨ eyS‡Z n‡j †Kv‡bv hbœx ev ÒaviYvÓ cÖ`vbKvix cÖgv‡Yi Dci wbf©i Kiv hv‡e bv; eis KvZqx ev mywbwðZ wek¦vm
cÖ`vbKvix cÖgv‡Yi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY welqwU AvKx`v ev wek¦vm mswkó, †h wel‡q ÒhbœxÓ ev aviYvÁvcK cÖgv‡Yi Dci
wbf©i Kiv hvq bv| Avi G wel‡q `ye©j-Awbf©i‡hvM¨ `y-PviwU nv`xm ev KvíwbK eY©bv h‡_ó bq| KviY wbf©i‡hvM¨ g~jbxwZ‡Z
GK_v wba©viY I wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kv‡bv gvby‡li Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K RvbœvZx ev kvw¯—cÖvß (Rvnvbœvgx) e‡j wbwðZ Kiv
êa bq| †KejgvÎ hw` KziAvb Kvix‡gi my¯úó e³e¨, gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm ev D¤§v‡Zi AvwjgM‡Yi BRgv Øviv hw` mywbwðZ
cÖgvwYZ nq †h, D³ e¨w³ Cgvbmn g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb, A_ev Rxe‡bi †kl gyn~‡Z© Kvwdi †_‡K Kzdimn g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb,
Zvn‡jB †Kej Zv‡K RvbœvZx ev Rvnvbœvgx e‡j wbwðZ Kiv hvq| Dc‡ii welqwU eySvi c‡i Avwg Avgvi Ávb Abymv‡i KziAvb
nv`xm I D¤§v‡Zi BgvgM‡Yi BRgvi Av‡jv‡K Bgvg Avh‡gi e³e¨ cÖgvY Kie|Ó544
kviûj wdKwnj AvKevi MÖ‡š’ G cÖm‡½ †gvjv Avjx Kvix e‡jb:
‫ت‬ُ ‫ َوَﻗ ْد أَ ْﻓ َرْد‬.‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻫم اﷲُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ َﻓ َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ ِﻓﻲ َﻤ َﻘ ِﺎم‬
ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ ْ ‫ﺎن أ َْو َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔ ِر ﺜُﱠم أ‬ ِ ‫ﺎل أَﱠﻨﻬُ َﻤﺎ َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ‬
ِ ‫اﻹ ْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ‫َﻫ َذا َرﱞد َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤ ْن َﻗ‬
ْ ُ ُ ‫َﺤَﯿ‬
‫ﺎﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺠﺘَ ِﻤ َﻌ ِﺔ ِﻤ َن‬ ِ ‫ ِﻓﻲ ﺘَ ْﻘ ِوَﯿ ِﺔ َﻫ ِذ ِﻩ اْﻟﻤ َﻘﺎَﻟ ِﺔ ﺒِﺎﻷ َِدﻟﱠ ِﺔ اْﻟ َﺠ‬،‫ﻼﺜَ ِﺔ‬َ ‫ت َﻤﺎ َذ َﻛ َرﻩُ اﻟﺴ ُﱡﯿ ْو ِط ﱡﻲ ِﻓ ْﻲ َر َﺴﺎﺌِِﻠ ِﻪ اﻟﺜﱠ‬ُ ‫ِﻟﻬَِذ ِﻩ اْﻟ َﻤ ْﺴﺄََﻟ ِﺔ ِر َﺴﺎَﻟ ًﺔ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَِﻘﻠﱠ ًﺔ َوَد َﻓ ْﻌ‬
َ ْ
‫ﱠﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻤﺎ ِﻓ ْﻲ َﺒ ْﺴ ِط َﻫ َذا‬ ِ ‫ض اْﻟ َﺠﻬَﻠ ِﺔ ِﻤن اْﻟ َﺤَﻨِﻔﯿ‬
َ َ ِ ‫ﱠﺔ ِإ ْﻨ َﻛ ُﺎر َﺒ ْﻌ‬ِ ‫ﻀﯿ‬
ِ ‫ و ِﻤ ْن َﻏ ِرْﯿ ِب ﻤﺎ وَﻗﻊ ِﻓﻲ َﻫِذ ِﻩ اْﻟ َﻘ‬.‫ﺎع اﻷُ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ‬
ْ َ َ َ َ
ِ ‫ﺎب واﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ واْﻟ ِﻘَﯿ‬
ِ ‫ﺎس َ ٕوِا ْﺠ َﻤ‬ َ
ِ ِ
َ َ‫اْﻟﻛﺘ‬
‫ك ِﻤ َن‬ ‫َﺤ ﱠ‬ُ ‫َن أ‬ ْ‫ت أ‬ ُ ‫ َوِد ْد‬:‫ان‬ َ ‫ﺼ ْﻔ َو‬ ‫ﱡ‬
َ ‫ﺎل اﻟﻀﱠﺎل َﺠ ْﻬ ُم ْﺒ ُن‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻫ َذا ﺒِ َﻌ ْﯿﻨِ ِﻪ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﻗ‬.‫ظِم‬ ْ ‫اﻹ َﻤ ِﺎم اﻷ‬
َ ‫َﻋ‬ ِ ‫ق ﺒِ َﻤﻘَ ِﺎم‬ ٍ ِ‫اْﻟ َﻛﻼَِم َﺒ ْل أَ َﺸ َﺎر ِإﻟَﻰ أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﻏ ْﯿ ُر ﻻَﺌ‬
‫ق‬ِ ‫اﻟﺼ ﱢد ْﯿ‬
‫ت ﱢ‬ ُ ‫ي ِﻓ ْﯿ ِﻪ َﻨ ْﻌ‬ ِ‫ِ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﻀ ﱢﻲ اﻷَ ْﻛَﺒ ِر ِإﱠﻨﻪُ َﺒ ِر‬ ِ ‫اﻟرِاﻓ‬
‫ َوﻗَ ْو ِل ﱠ‬... ‫ش‬ ِ ‫اﺴﺘَوى َﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬ ِ
ْ ‫ﺼ َﺤف اﻟذ‬ ْ ‫ي ٌء ﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤ‬ ْ َ ْ ‫ ﺜُﱠم‬:‫ﺼ َﺤف ﻗَ ْوﻟَﻪُ ﺘَ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬ ْ ‫اْﻟ ُﻤ‬
.‫اﻷَ ْﻛَﺒ ِر‬
ÒG K_v Øviv Zv‡ì gZ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv n‡q‡Q hviv e‡jb †h, Zuviv Df‡q Cgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY K‡iwQ‡jb, A_ev
Kzdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡iwQ‡jb, c‡i Avjvn Zuv‡ì‡K RxweZ K‡ib Ges Zuviv Cgvbmn g„ZzëiY K‡ib| G wel‡q Avwg
c„_K GKwU cyw¯—Kv iPbv K‡iwQ| Zv‡Z Avwg myq~Zxi wZbwU cyw¯—Kvi e³e¨ LÛb K‡iwQ| G cyw¯—Kvq Avwg KziAvb, nv`xm,
wKqvm I BRgvi e³e¨ w`‡q Bgvg Avh‡gi G gZ †Rvi`vi K‡iwQ| G m¤úwK©Z GKwU gRvi welq n‡jv, wKQz AÁ nvbvdx G
welqK Av‡jvPbv AvcwËKi e‡j g‡b K‡ib| eis Zviv e‡j, G ai‡bi K_v ejv Bgvg Avh‡gi gh©v`vi cwicš’x| Zv‡ì G
K_v AweKj (Rvngx g‡Zi cÖwZôvZv) weåvš— Rvng Beby mvdIqv‡bi K_vi gZ| †m ejZ: ÒAvgvi g‡b Pvq Avjvni evYx
ÔAZci wZwb Avi‡k mgvmxb n‡jbÕ K_vwU Avwg KziAv‡bi c„ôv †_‡K gy‡Q †d‡j w`B|Ó Abyiƒcfv‡e Zv‡ì K_v AweKj †mB
†kªô kxqv-ivwdhxi K_vi gZ, †h e‡j: †h KziAv‡bi g‡a¨ wmÏx‡K AvKev‡ii cÖksmv we`¨gvb †m KziAv‡bi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kv‡bv
m¤úK© †bB|Ó (A_©vr Rvng †hgb gyL©Zv ekZ ejZ †h, ÔAvjvn Avi‡ki Dci mgvmxbÕ K_vwU Avjvni gh©v`vi cwicš’x Ges
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Contents

kxqv-cÖei †hgb g‡b K‡i‡Q †h wmÏx‡K AvKev‡ii cÖksmv KziAv‡bi gh©v`vi cwicš’x, †Zgwb G AÁ nvbvdx †f‡e‡Q
†h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv welqK Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨wU Zuvi gh©v`vi cwicš’x|) 545
†gvjv Avjx Kvixi G e³e¨ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi e³‡eï g‡a¨ G evK¨wUi we`¨gvb _vKvi wel‡q
wZwb mywbwðZ wQ‡jb Ges Zvi e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’i g‡aÏ evK¨wU we`¨gvb wQj| m¤¢eZ cieZ©x †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖKvkK evK¨wUi wel‡q
weZ‡K©i Kvi‡Y ev evK¨wU Bgvg Avh‡gi gh©v`vi cwicš’x e‡j g‡b K‡i Zv D‡jL Kiv †_‡K weiZ †_‡K‡Qb| gnvb AvjvnB fvj
Rv‡bb|
6. 1. 2. wcZvgvZv cÖm½ I Bmjvgx AvKx`v
Dc‡ii evK¨wU Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi †jLv †nvK ev bv †nvK cÖm½wU Bmjvgx AvKx`vi mv‡_ RwoZ| cieZ©x Aby‡”Q‡`
Ave~ Zvwj‡ei IdvZ cÖm‡½ Avgiv †`Le †h, wØZxq wnRix kZK †_‡KB kxqvMY ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv I Zuvi PvPv Ave~
Zvwje‡K gywgb wn‡m‡e wek¦vm Kiv‡K Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| g~javivi Zvweqx, Zvwe-Zvweqx I Avnjym
mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi A‡bK cÖwm× Bgvg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, Zuviv Kvwdi-gykwiK Ae¯’vq g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| KviY,
ivm~jyjvn -Gi wewfbœ nv`xm GiƒcB cÖgvY K‡i| Avbvm (iv) e‡jb:
‫ﺎك ِﻓﻲ اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر‬ َ َ‫ﺎل ِﻓﻲ اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر َﻓﻠَ ﱠﻤﺎ ﻗَﻔﱠﻰ َد َﻋﺎﻩُ ﻓَﻘ‬
َ ‫ﺎل إِ ﱠن أَﺒِﻲ َوأََﺒ‬ َ َ‫ول اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ أَْﯿ َن أَﺒِﻲ ﻗ‬
َ ‫ﺎل َﯿﺎ َر ُﺴ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ َ‫إن َر ُﺠﻼ ﻗ‬
ÒGK e¨w³ e‡j: †n Avjvni ivm~j, Avgvi wcZv †Kv_vq? wZwb e‡jb: Rvnvbœv‡g| †jvKwU hLb P‡j hvw”Qj ZLb
wZwb Zv‡K †W‡K ej‡jb: wbðqB Avgvi wcZv I †Zvgvi wcZv Rvnvbœv‡g|Ó 546
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) e‡jb:
‫ت َرﺒﱢﻲ ِﻓﻲ‬
ُ ‫اﺴﺘَْﺄ َذْﻨ‬ َ َ‫ﺎﻛًﯿﺎ أَ ْﻛﺜََر ِﻤ ْن َذﻟِ َك اْﻟَﯿ ْوِم( ﻓَﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﺎل‬
ِ ‫ ﻗَْﺒر أُ ﱢﻤ ِﻪ )ﯿوم اْﻟﻔَﺘْ ِﺢ( ﻓَﺒ َﻛﻰ وأ َْﺒ َﻛﻰ ﻤ ْن ﺤوﻟَﻪ )ﻓَﻤﺎ رﺌِﻲ ﺒ‬ ‫َزار اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬
َ َ ُ َ ُ َْ َ َ َ َ َْ َ َ
‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫َن أ‬
َ ‫ور ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻬَﺎ ﺘُ َذﻛ ُر اْﻟ َﻤ ْو‬
‫ت‬ َ ‫وروا اْﻟﻘُُﺒ‬
ُ ‫ور ﻗَْﺒ َرَﻫﺎ ﻓَﺄُذ َن ﻟﻲ ﻓَ ُز‬ ْ ‫اﺴﺘَْﺄ َذْﻨﺘُﻪُ ﻓﻲ أ‬
َ ‫َن أ َُز‬ ْ ‫َﺴﺘَ ْﻐﻔ َر ﻟَﻬَﺎ َﻓﻠَ ْم ُﯿ ْؤَذ ْن ﻟﻲ َو‬
ْ ْ‫أ‬
(g°v weR‡qi mgq) ivm~jyjvn  Zuvi gvZvi Kei whqviZ K‡ib| ZLb wZwb Ggbfv‡e µ›`b K‡ib †h Zuvi mv_xMYI
µ›`b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb (Zuv‡K GZ †ewk µ›`b Ki‡Z Avi KL‡bv †`Lv hvq wb)| wZwb e‡jb: Avwg Avgvi i‡ei wbKU Avgvi gv‡qi
Rb¨ ¶gvcÖv_©bvi AbygwZ PvBjvg, wKš‘ Avgv‡K AbygwZ †`qv n‡jv bv| Zvici Avwg Zvi Kei whqvi‡Zi AbygwZ PvBjvg| ZLb
Avgv‡K AbygwZ †`qv n‡jv| †Zvgiv Kei whqviZ Ki‡e; KviY Zv g„Zzï K_v ¯§iY Kivq|547
Bgvg Beb gvRvn gynv¤§v` Beb Bqvhx` Kvhexbx (273 wn), Bgvg bvmvqx Avng` Beb ïAvBe (303 wn) I Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏm G nv`xm‡K ivm~jyjvn -Gi gvZvi gykwiK nIqvi cÖgvY I gykwi‡Ki Kei whqvi‡Zi êaZvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e †ck
K‡i‡Qb| G nv`xm cÖm‡½ Beb gvRvn e‡jb: Ò(‫ )ﺒﺎب ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎء ﻓﻲ زﯿﺎرة ﻗﺒور اﻟﻤﺸرﻛﯿن‬gykwiK‡ì Kei whqviZ wel‡q ewY©Z nv`x‡mi
Aby‡”Q`Ó 548 Ges bvmvqx e‡jb: (‫ )ﺒﺎب زﯿﺎرة ﻗﺒر اﻟﻤﺸرك‬Ògykwi‡Ki Kei whqvi‡Zi Aby‡”Q`Ó|549 Z…Zxq-PZz_© kZK ch©š— A‡b‡KB P548F P
welqwU‡K ¯^Ztwm× e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Avjvn e‡jb:

‫ﺎب اْﻟ َﺠ ِﺤ ِﯿم‬
ِ ‫َﺼ َﺤ‬ ‫ﯿر َوَﻨ ِذ ًا‬
ْ ‫ﯿر َوﻻَ ﺘُ ْﺴﺄَ ُل َﻋ ْن أ‬ ‫ق َﺒ ِﺸ ًا‬
‫ﺎك ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬
َ ‫إِﱠﻨﺎ أ َْر َﺴْﻠَﻨ‬
Òwbðq Avwg Avcbv‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ mymsev``vZv I mZK©Kvix wn‡m‡e Ges Avcwb Rvnvbœvgx‡ì wel‡q wRÁvwmZ
n‡eb bv|Ó 550
G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg Zvevix (310 wn) Zvweqx gynv¤§v` Beb KvÕe Kzivhx †_‡K D×„Z K‡ib, wZwb e‡jb:
ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
‫ﻟﯿت ﺸﻌري ﻤﺎ ﻓﻌل أﺒواي؟ ﻓﻨزﻟت‬
ÒAvgvi wcZvgvZvi wK Ae¯’v Zv hw` Avwg Rvb‡Z cviZvg!Õ- ZLb G AvqvZwU bvwhj Kiv nq|Ó
Gici Bgvg Zvevix e‡jb:
- ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻓﻲ اﺴﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸك ﻤن اﻟرﺴول ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬، ‫ﻓﺈن ظن ظﺎن أن اﻟﺨﺒر اﻟذي روي ﻋن ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن ﻛﻌب ﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ إن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺨﺒر ﻋﻨﻪ‬،‫ ﻤﺎ ﯿدﻓﻊ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻤﺤﻤد ﺒن ﻛﻌب‬،‫ وأن أﺒوﯿﻪ ﻛﺎﻨﺎ ﻤﻨﻬم‬، ‫ﻓﻲ أن أﻫل اﻟﺸرك ﻤن أﻫل اﻟﺠﺤﯿم‬
.‫ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺎ‬
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Contents
Òhw` †Kv‡bv aviYvKvix aviYv K‡ib †h, gynv¤§v` Beb KvÕe †_‡K ewY©Z G nv`xmwU mnxn Z‡e Zvi G aviYv mwVK n‡e
bv| KviY gykwiKMY †h Rvnvbœvgx Ges Zuvi wcZvgvZv †h Zv‡ì Aš—f©y³ G wel‡q ivm~jyjvn -Gi †Kv‡bv m‡›`n _vKv-B
Am¤¢e welq| Avi GwUB cÖgvY K‡i †h, gynv¤§v` Beb Kve †h K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv mwVK bq; hwÌ wZwb G K_v e‡j‡Qb e‡j
cÖgvwYZ nq| 551
Bgvg dvLi“Ïxb ivhx (606 wn) G gZ mg_©b K‡i e‡jb:
: ‫ ﻓﻤﻊ ﻫذا اﻟﻌﻠم ﻛﯿف ﯿﻤﻛن أن ﯿﻘول‬،‫ وﻛﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎً ﺒﺄن اﻟﻛﺎﻓر ﻤﻌذب‬،‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎً ﺒﻛﻔرﻫم‬ ‫ﻫذﻩ اﻟرواﯿﺔ ﺒﻌﯿدة ﻷﻨﻪ‬
.‫ﻟﯿت ﺸﻌري ﻤﺎ ﻓﻌل أﺒواي‬
ÒG eY©bvwU AMÖnY‡hvM¨| KviY ivm~jyjvn  Zuv‡ì Kvwdi nIqvi welq Rvb‡Zb Ges Kvwdiiv †h kvw¯— cv‡e ZvI
Rvb‡Zb| Kv‡RB Giƒc Ávb _vKvi c‡iI wKfv‡e wZwb ej‡eb: Avgvi wcZvgvZv wKiƒc Av‡Qb Zv hw` RvbZvg!?Ó 552
G g‡Zi wecix‡Z weMZ K‡qK kZvãx hver A‡bK Avwjg gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Cgvbmn
g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| Beby kvnxb Dgvi Beby Avng` (385 wn), LZxe evM`v`x (463 wn), Beby AvmvwKi (571wn) cÖgyL gynvwÏm
GKwU nv`xm D×…Z K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv mK‡jB GKB mb‡` nv`xmwU msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Av‡qkv (iv)-Gi m~‡Î ewY©Z nv`xmwU‡Z ejv
n‡q‡Q †h, we`vq n‡¾i mg‡q ivm~jyjvn () †e`bvZ© wQ‡jb| GKmgq wZwb Avbw›`Z wP‡Ë Av‡qkvi (iv) wbKU AvMgb K‡ib|
wZwb KviY wRÁvmv Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb:
‫ت َوَرﱠد َﻫﺎ اﷲُ َﻋ ﱠز َو َﺠ ﱠل‬
ْ ‫ﺂﻤَﻨ‬ َ َ‫ت ﺒِﻲ أ َْو ﻗ‬ ْ ‫َن ُﯿ ْﺤﯿَِﯿﻬَﺎ ﻓَﺄ‬ ِ ‫ت ﻟِ َﻘ ْﺒ ِر أُ ﱢﻤﻲ‬
َ َ‫ﺎل ﻓ‬ ْ ‫ﺂﻤَﻨ‬
َ َ‫ﺎﻫﺎ ﻓ‬
َ ‫َﺤَﯿ‬ ْ ‫آﻤَﻨﺔَ ﻓَ َﺴﺄَْﻟت اﷲَ َرﺒﱢﻲ أ‬ ُ ‫َذ َﻫ ْﺒ‬
ÒAvwg Avgvi Av¤§v Av‡gbvi Ke‡ii wbKU Mgb Kwi Ges Avjvni Kv‡Q `yAv Kwi Zuv‡K RxweZ Ki‡Z| ZLb Avjvn
Zuv‡K RxweZ K‡ib, wZwb Avgvi Dci Cgvb Avbqb K‡ib, AZtci Avjvn Zuv‡K wdwi‡q †bb|Ó †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv eY©bvq
wcZvgvZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
beg-`kg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× gynvwÏm I kvwdqx dKxn Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx (911 wn) I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg G
nv`x‡mi wfwË‡Z ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Cgvbmn g„ZzëiY K‡ib e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
D‡jL¨ †h, Bebyj RvIhx, †gvjv Avjx Kvix, kvIKvbx I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm nv`xmwU‡K Rvj e‡j wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb| Beby
Kvmxi e‡jb: nv`xmwU gybKvi I AZ¨š— `ye©j Ges nv`x‡mi ivexMY `ye©j I AÁvZcwiPq| Beby AvmvwKiI GKB K_v
e‡j‡Qb| Bgvg myq~Zx D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, nv`xmwU wbwðZiƒ‡cB `ye©j| wZwb e‡jb, gynvwÏmMY GKgZ †h, nv`xmwU `ye©j, †KD
†KD G‡K Rvj e‡j‡Qb| Z‡e G‡K Rvj bv e‡j `ye©j ejv DwPZ| Bgvg myq~Zxi g‡Z dhxjZ ev gh©v`vi welq †h‡nZz Cgvb-
AvKx`v I nvjvj-nvivg-Gi mv‡_ mswkøó bq, GRb¨ dhxjZ wel‡q `ye©j nv`xm MÖnY Kiv hvq| Avi G g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z
ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi dhxj‡Z G `ye©j nv`xmwU MÖnY Kiv hvq| 553
Gi wecix‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg e‡j‡Qb †h, Avgj ev K‡g©i dhxj‡Zi †ÿ‡Î `ye©j nv`xm MÖnY Kivi c‡ÿ A‡bK
Avwjg gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ e¨w³i dhxjZ ev gh©v`vi welq †h‡nZz wek¦vm ev AvKx`vi welq †m‡nZz G wel‡q `ye©j nv`xm
MÖnY Kiv hvq bv| A‡bK Avwjg e‡jb, nv`xmwU Rvj bv n‡jI Giƒc `ye©j nv`xm eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ mnxn nv`x‡mi
wecix‡Z cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| m‡e©vcwi KziAvb I nv`x‡m evievi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Avhve ev g„Zzï AvMg‡bi ci
Cgvb ev ZvIev A_©nxb| 554 Avjvn Zuvi nvex‡ei wcZvgvZv‡K ¶gv Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zuvi `yAvi gva¨‡gB Ki‡Z cv‡ib; g„Zzï
gva¨‡g AvwLivZ cÖZ¨¶ Kivi c‡i Cgvb MÖnY G‡¶‡Î A_©nxb|555
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Avjx (iv) e‡jb: ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﺎﻫِﻠﯿ‬
.‫ﱠﺔ َﺸ ْﻲ ٌء‬ ِ ‫ﺎح اْﻟ َﺠ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ ْﺒ ِﻨﻲ ِﻤ ْن ِﺴ َﻔ‬
ِ ‫ َﻟم ُﯿ‬، ‫َن وَﻟ َدﺘْﻨِﻲ أَﺒِﻲ وأُ ﱢﻤﻲ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺎح ِﻤ ْن َﻟ ُد ْن‬
ٍ ‫َﺨ ُرْج ِﻤ ْن ِﺴ َﻔ‬ ٍ ‫ت ِﻤ ْن ﻨِ َﻛ‬
ْ َ َ ْ ‫آد َم إَﻟﻰ أ‬ ْ ‫ َوَﻟ ْم أ‬،‫ﺎح‬ ُ ‫َﺨ َر ْﺠ‬
ÒAv`g (Av) †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Avgvi wcZvgvZv Avgv‡K Rb¥ †Ìqv ch©š— êevwnK m¤ú‡K©i gva¨‡g Avgvi Rb¥, †Kv‡bv
A‰ea m¤ú‡K©i gva¨‡g Avgvi Rb¥ nq wb| Rvwnjx hy‡Mi †Kv‡bv A‰eaZv- AkxjZv Avgv‡K ¯úk© K‡i wb|Ó 556
†KD †KD G A‡_©i nv`xm Øviv `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv I c~e©cyi“lMY †KD Kvwdi wQ‡jb bv| Bgvg
evBnvKx I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg welqwU A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| evBnvKx ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv I wcZvg‡ni Rvnvbœvgx nIqvi A‡_©
A‡bK¸‡jv nv`xm D×„Z K‡ib| Gici wZwb e‡jb:
.‫ وﻟم ﯿدﯿﻨوا دﯿن ﻋﯿﺴﻰ اﺒن ﻤرﯿم ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬،‫وﻛﯿف ﻻ ﯿﻛون أﺒواﻩ وﺠدﻩ ﺒﻬذﻩ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻵﺨرة؟ وﻛﺎﻨوا ﯿﻌﺒدون اﻟوﺜن ﺤﺘﻰ ﻤﺎﺘوا‬
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Contents

،‫ أﻻ ﺘراﻫم ﯿﺴﻠﻤون ﻤﻊ زوﺠﺎﺘﻬم ﻓﻼ ﯿﻠزﻤﻬم ﺘﺠدﯿد اﻟﻌﻘد‬،‫؛ ﻷن أﻨﻛﺤﺔ اﻟﻛﻔﺎر ﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬ ‫وأﻤرﻫم ﻻ ﯿﻘدح ﻓﻲ ﻨﺴب رﺴول اﷲ‬
.‫وﻻ ﻤﻔﺎرﻗﺘﻬن إذا ﻛﺎن ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﯿﺠوز ﻓﻲ اﻹﺴﻼم‬
ÒZuvi wcZv, gvZv I wcZvgn g„Zz¨ ch©š— g~wZ©c~Rv K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuviv Cmv (Av)-Gi `xbI MÖnY K‡ib wb, Kv‡RB Zuviv
AvwLiv‡Z Rvnvbœvgx n‡eb bv †Kb? G welqwU ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi es‡ki cweÎZvi cwicš’x bq; KviY Kvwdi‡ì weevn
weï×| GRb¨ †Zv KvwdiMY hLb Zv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì mv‡_ GK‡Î Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib ZLb bZzb K‡i weevn cov‡bvi ìKvi nq
bv Ges ¯¿x‡ì †_‡K wew”Qbœ nIqviI †Kv‡bv weavb †bB, hw` Giƒc weevn Bmjv‡g êa _v‡K|Ó 557
ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZvi wel‡q Z…Zxq GKwU gZ we`¨gvb| G gZvbymv‡i Zuvi wcZvgvZv Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY
Ki‡jI bex-wenxb hy‡M g„Zzï Kvi‡Y Zuviv kvw¯—‡hvM¨ bb| wb‡gœi AvqvZ¸‡jv Zv cÖgvY K‡i:
َ ‫ﯿن َﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﻨْﺒ َﻌ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ث َر ُﺴوﻻ‬ َ ‫َو َﻤﺎ ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ ُﻤ َﻌذِﺒ‬
Òivm~j †cÖiY bv Kiv ch©š— Avwg kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kwi bv|Ó 558
‫ﺎس َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ُﺤ ﱠﺠﺔٌ َﺒ ْﻌ َد ﱡ‬
‫اﻟر ُﺴ ِل‬ ِ ‫ون ﻟِﻠﱠﻨ‬ ‫رﺴ ًﻼ ﻤﺒ ﱢﺸ ِرﯿن وﻤْﻨ ِذ ِر ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﯿن ﻟَﺌﻼ َﯿ ُﻛ‬
َ ُ َ َ َُ ُ ُ
Òivm~jMY‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ mymsev``vZv I fqcÖ`k©bKvix wn‡m‡e; †hb ivm~jM‡Yi c‡i gvby‡li Rb¨ Avjvni wei“‡×
†Kv‡bv cÖgvY Aewkó bv _v‡K|Ó 559
‫َن َﻨ ِذ ﱠل َوَﻨ ْﺨ َزى‬
ْ ‫ت ِإﻟَْﯿَﻨﺎ َر ُﺴوًﻻ ﻓََﻨﺘﱠﺒِ َﻊ آََﯿﺎﺘِ َك ِﻤ ْن ﻗَْﺒ ِل أ‬
َ ‫اب ِﻤ ْن ﻗَْﺒِﻠ ِﻪ ﻟَﻘَﺎﻟُوا َرﺒَﱠﻨﺎ ﻟَ ْوَﻻ أ َْر َﺴْﻠ‬
ٍ ‫ﺎﻫم ﺒِ َﻌ َذ‬ ْ ‫َوﻟَ ْو أَﱠﻨﺎ أ‬
ْ ُ ‫َﻫﻠَ ْﻛَﻨ‬
Òhw` Avwg Zv‡ì‡K B‡Zvc~‡e© kvw¯— Øviv aŸsm KiZvg Z‡e Zviv ejZ, Ô‡n Avgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK! Avcwb Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q
GKRb ivm~j cvVv‡jb bv †Kb? cvVv‡j Avgiv jvwÃZ I AcgvwbZ nIqvi Av‡M Avcbvi wb`k©b †g‡b PjZvg|ÕÓ560
G mKj AvqvZ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, ÒdvZivZÓ ev ivm~j-wenxb hy‡M hviv g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K kvw¯— †Ìqv
n‡e bv| nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Giƒc gvbyl‡ì‡K wKqvgv‡Z cix¶v K‡i gyw³ †Ìqv n‡e| GRb¨ A‡bK Avwjg gZ
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY Ki‡jI kvw¯—i Aš—f©y³ n‡eb bv|
G gZwU AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv| KviY ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi Kzd‡ii Dci g„Zz¨ nIqvi welqwU HwZnvwmKfv‡e
mywbwðZ| g„Zzï c‡i cybR©xweZ n‡q Cgvb MÖn‡Yi nv`xmwU mb`MZfv‡e AZ¨š— `ye©j| Dciš‘ A‡_©i w`K †_‡K g„Zzï c‡i
Cgvb Avbvi welqwU KziAvb-nv`x‡mi mvgwMÖK wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| c¶vš—‡i ÔdvZiv‡ZÕ ev Ôivm~j-wenxbÕ hy‡M g„Zzï
Kvi‡Y Avhve †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi welqwU KziAvb-nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ| Z‡e Dc‡i D‡jwLZ ÒAvgvi I †Zvgvi wcZv
Rvnvbœv‡gÓ nv`xmwU G g‡Zi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
mßg wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× dKxn I gynvwÏm Bgvg beex (676 wn) ÔAvgvi wcZv I †Zvgvi wcZv Rvnvbœv‡gÕ-
nv`xmwU‡K ivm~jyjvn ()ÑGi wcZvgvZvi Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„Zzëi‡Yi wbwðZ cÖgvY wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i e‡jb:
‫ت َﻋَﻠْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ْ ‫ِﻓﻲ اْﻟﻔَﺘْ َرة َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ َﻛ َﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﺎت‬
َ ‫َن َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬ ِ ‫ وِﻓ‬،‫ وﻻ ﺘَْﻨﻔَﻌﻪ ﻗَراﺒﺔ اْﻟﻤﻘَﱠرﺒِﯿن‬،‫ﺎت ﻋﻠَﻰ اْﻟ ُﻛ ْﻔر ﻓَﻬو ِﻓﻲ اﻟﱠﻨﺎر‬
‫ﯿﻪ أ ﱠ‬ َ َ ُ ََ ُ َ َُ َ َ ‫َن َﻤ ْن َﻤ‬
ِ ‫ِﻓ‬
‫ﯿﻪ أ ﱠ‬
‫اﻫﯿم‬ ِ ‫ت ﻗَ ْد ﺒﻠَ َﻐﺘْﻬم َد ْﻋوة ِإ ْﺒر‬ ْ ‫َﻛ َﺎﻨ‬ ‫ ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن َﻫ ُؤﻻ ِء‬،‫اﺨ َذة ﻗَْﺒل ُﺒﻠُوغ اﻟ ﱠد ْﻋ َوة‬
َ ‫ َوﻟَْﯿ َس َﻫ َذا ُﻤ َؤ‬،‫َﻫل اﻟﱠﻨﺎر‬ْ ‫ﺎدة اﻷ َْوﺜَﺎن ﻓَﻬُ َو ِﻤ ْن أ‬
َ ‫اْﻟ َﻌ َرب ِﻤ ْن ِﻋَﺒ‬
َ َ ُْ َ
‫َو َﻏْﯿرﻩ ِﻤ ْن اﻷ َْﻨﺒَِﯿﺎء‬
ÒG nv`x‡m wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q, †h e¨w³ Kzdix Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY Ki‡e †m Rvnvbœvgx| Avjvni wcÖqfvRb‡ì AvZ¥xqZv
Zvi †Kv‡bv DcKvi Ki‡e bv| G nv`x‡m Av‡iv wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q, Avi‡ei gvbylMY †hiƒc gywZ©c~Rvq wjß wQj †miƒc K‡g©i
g‡a¨ †_‡K †h e¨w³ ivm~j-wenxb ÔdvZiv‡ZiÕ mg‡q g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Q †m e¨w³I Rvnvbœvgx| Giƒc e¨w³‡ì Rvnvbœv‡g hvIqvi
A_© G bq †h, Zv‡ì‡K `x‡bi `vIqvZ †cuŠQv‡bvi c~‡e©B kvw¯— †Ìqv n‡jv| KviY, G‡ì Kv‡Q Beivnxg (Av) I Ab¨vb¨
bexi `vIqvZ †cuŠ‡QwQj|Ó 561
Avjvgv Ljxj Avng` mvnvivbc~ix (1346 wn) e‡jb:
ُ ‫ َو َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﺤِدْﯿ‬.‫ َﻤﺎﺘَﺎ َﻛ ِﺎﻓ َرْﯿ ِن‬ ‫َن َواﻟِ َدْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻬور َﻋﻠَﻰ أ ﱠ‬:‫ ﻗَﺎ َل اْﻟﻘَ ِﺎري‬. ‫اﷲ‬ ِ ‫ﺎن أَﺒوي رﺴو ِل‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫َﺼ ﱡﺢ‬
َ ‫ثأ‬ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ِ ‫ﻗَ ْد َﺒﺎﻟَ َﻎ اﻟﺴُﱡﯿ ْوط ﱡﻲ ﻓ ْﻲ إﺜَْﺒﺎت إْﯿ َﻤ‬
‫ظ طَ َﻌُﻨ ْوا ِﻓْﯿ ِﻪ َو َﻤَﻨ ُﻌ ْوا َﺠ َو َازﻩُ ﺒِﺄ ﱠ‬
َ ‫َن إِْﯿ َﻤ‬
‫ﺎن‬ َ ‫َن اْﻟ ُﺤﻔﱠﺎ‬ ‫َن َﯿ ُﻛ ْو َن ُﻤ َﻌ ِﺎرﻀﺎً ﻟِ َﺤِدْﯿ ِث ُﻤ ْﺴﻠٍِم َﻤ َﻊ أ ﱠ‬ ْ ‫ﺼﻠُ ُﺢ أ‬ ِِ ِ ِ
ْ ‫ ﻓَ َﻌﻠَﻰ ﺘَ ْﻘدْﯿ ِر ﺼﺤﱠﺘﻪ ﻻَ َﯿ‬...‫ي ﻓ ْﻲ َﺤﻘﱢ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻤﺎ رِو‬
َ ُ َ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ ٍ ِ ‫اْﻟَﯿﺄ‬
‫ث‬ُ ‫ َو َﻫ َذا اْﻟ َﺤدْﯿ‬...‫ﺎن اْﻟ َﻐْﯿﺒ ﱡﻲ‬ ُ ‫ب ﻤ َن اْﻟ ُﻤ َﻛﻠف إﱠﻨ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َو اﻹْﯿ َﻤ‬ َ ‫طﻠُ ْو‬
ْ ‫ﺎن اْﻟ َﻤ‬
َ ‫َن اﻹْﯿ َﻤ‬ ‫ﺎب َواﻟ ﱡﺴﱠﻨﺔُ َوﺒﺄ ﱠ‬ ُ َ‫ْس َﻏْﯿ ُر َﻤ ْﻘُﺒ ْول إ ْﺠ َﻤﺎﻋﺎً َﻛ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ُدل َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ اْﻟﻛﺘ‬
‫ب َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ ْ ‫ﻀﻬُ ْم ﺒِﺄَﱠﻨﻬُ َﻤﺎ َﻛ َﺎﻨﺎ ِﻤ ْن أ‬
َ ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟﻔَﺘَْرِة َوﻻَ َﻋ َذا‬
ِ َ ‫ﱠﺤْﯿﺢ ﺼ ِرْﯿ ٌﺢ أَْﯿﻀﺎً ِﻓﻲ رﱢد ﻤﺎ ﺘَ َﺸﺒ‬
ُ ‫ﱠث ﺒِﻪ َﺒ ْﻌ‬ َ َ ْ َ ُ ‫اﻟﺼ‬
ِ
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Òmyq~Zx ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZv-gvZvi Cgv‡bi welqwU cÖgv‡Y AwZ-†Póv K‡i‡Qb| †gvjv Avjx K¡vix e‡j‡Qb:
AwaKvsk Avwjg GKgZ †h, Zuviv Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| G e¨vcv‡i G nvw`mwU me‡P‡q weï× `wjj| ...
(cybR©xweZ Kivi) nvw`mwU mnxn e‡j †g‡b wb‡jI gymwjg kix‡di (Avgvi I †Zvgvi wcZv Rvnvbœv‡g) nv`xmwUi wecix‡Z ùvo
Kiv‡bv hvq bv| m‡e©vcwi cÖvÁ gynvwÏmMY (cybi“¾xweZ Kivi) G nvw`mwUi weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡i AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv G
NUbvi m¤¢vebvI A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| KviY gymwjg D¤§vni BRgv †h, ‰biv‡kï c‡i Cgvb- A_©vr g„Zzï AvMg‡bi c‡i Cgvb-
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KziAvb I nv`x‡m Zv my¯úó ejv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Cgvb †Zv MvBex wel‡qi DciB n‡q _v‡K| g„Zzï c‡i †Zv
me MvBex welq cÖZ¨¶ n‡q hvq; Gici †Zv Avi Cgvb wej-MvBe _v‡K bv| ... (Avgvi wcZv I †Zvgvi wcZv Rvnvbœv‡g)
nvw`mwU my®úófv‡e Zv‡ì e³eÏ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i hviv `vex K‡i †h, ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv ÒdvZivZÓ ev ivm~j-wenxb
hy‡M _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì kvw¯— n‡e bv|Ó 562
Gfv‡e Bgvg beex I Ab¨vb¨ Avwjg G nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi dvZivZÕ-evmx nIqvi
welqwU A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv `vwe K‡i‡Qb †h, Avi‡ei gykwiKMY Òivm~j-wenxbÓ wQ‡jb bv; eis Beivnxg (Av)ÑGi `vIqvZ
Zv‡ì wbKU †cuŠ‡QwQj| wKš‘ cÖK…Z ev¯—eZv GB †h, Beivnxg (Av)-Gi weï× `vIqvZ ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi hy‡Mi A‡bK Av‡MB
weK…Z n‡q wM‡qwQj| Kv‡RB Zuvi byeyIqv‡Zi AeëwnZ c~‡e©i hy‡Mi gvbyl‡ì‡K ivm~j-wenxb e‡j MY¨ KivB KziAvb, mybœvn,
BwZnvm I hyw³i w`K †_‡K AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨|
Z‡e Av‡jvP¨ nv`xmwU evn¨Z G gZwUi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| G nv`xmwUi A_© n‡Z cv‡i †h ÒAvgvi I †Zvgvi wcZv
ivm~j-wenxb hy‡Mi Awaevmx‡ì cix¶v ch©š— Rvnvbœvgx nIqvi weav‡bi g‡a¨Ó- G A‡_©i wfwË‡Z ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi
wcZvgvZv‡K ivm~j-wenxb hy‡Mi Awaevmx wn‡m‡e AvwLiv‡Zi Avhve-gy³ e‡j MY¨ Kivi gZwUB AMÖMY¨ e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq|
AvjøvnB fvj Rv‡bb|
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi wel‡q PZz_© gZ n‡jv G wel‡q gZ cÖKvk †_‡K weiZ _vKv| mwVK Ávb †Zv gnvb
AvjøvniB wbK‡U|
6. 2. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi IdvZ
Avgiv †`‡LwQ, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cvÊywjwci fvl¨ Abymv‡i Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv e‡j‡Qb: Ò ivm~jyjvn () Cgv‡bi Dci
g„ZzëiY K‡ib|Ó
G welqwU m‡›`nvZxZ gnvmZ¨ Ges G wel‡q †Kv‡bv m‡›`n ev gZ‡f` †bB| Kv‡RB welqwU AvKx`v welqK MÖ‡š’ D‡j‡Li
Avek¨KZv Kx? G wel‡q †gvjv Avjx Kvix e‡jb: ÒG evK¨wU e¨vL¨vKv‡ii g~j cvÊywjwc‡Z †bB| G welqwU GZ my¯úó †h Gi
†Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v wb®cÖ‡qvRb| ivm~jyjvn -Gi mygnvb gh©v`vi †cÖ¶vc‡U G K_v D‡j‡Li †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbI †bB| hw` a‡i †bIqv
nq †h K_vwU g~jZB Bgvg Avhg wj‡L‡Qb, Z‡e G K_vi A_©, ivm~jyjvn  Ges Ab¨vb¨ bex-ivm~j byeyIqv‡Zi gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y
Ôgvm~gÕ Ges cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š— Kzdi †_‡K msiw¶Z| Kv‡RB Zuv‡ì wel‡q Avgv‡ì AvKx`v †cvlY Ki‡Z n‡e †h, Zuviv
Cgv‡bi Dci g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨vb¨ AvDwjqv, Djvgv ev Avjvni wcÖqcvÎ‡ì Kv‡iv wel‡q Giƒc wbðqZv †Ìqv hv‡e bv †h,
Zviv Cgvbmn g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì †_‡K hw` A‡jŠwKK KvivgZvw` cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv‡ì cwic~Y© KvgvjvZ I †ejvqvZ
cÖgvwYZ nq ev mKj cÖKv‡ii †bK Avg‡j Zv‡ì wjß _vKv wbwðZ Rvbv hvq, ZeyI Zv‡ì Kv‡iv wel‡q Giƒc wbwðZ nIqv hvq
bv|...|Ó563
6. 3. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi PvPvi IdvZ
Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ, kxqvMY ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv, PvPv, `v`v I c~e©cyi“l‡ì gywgb e‡j `vwe K‡ib|
we‡klZ Zuvi PvPv I Avjx (iv)-Gi wcZv Ave~ Zvwje‡K gywgb e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z Zviv AMwYZ eBcy¯—K iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Ave~
Zvwje‡K Kvwdi cÖgvY Kivi †Póv‡K Zviv ivm~jyjvn  I Zuvi es‡ki wei“‡× lohš¿ Ges Zuvi mv‡_ PigZg †eqvèx e‡j
`vwe K‡i‡Qb| G welqK Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvVK‡K Aby‡iva KiwQ|
(K) AvKx`vi Drm wel‡q Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, mvnvex-ZvweqxMY Ges Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ KziAvb I mnxn
nv`xm‡K AvKx`vi wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges wb‡R‡ì Av‡eM I cQ›`-AcQ›`‡K Gi wfwË‡Z wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i
kxqvMY Zv‡ì cwÐZM‡Yi gZ, e¨vL¨v I Av‡eM‡KB AvKx`vi wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges Gi Av‡jv‡K KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Qb|
(L) kxqv ag©g‡Zi g~j welq ivR‰bwZK AccÖPv‡ii ag©xqKiY| ivR‰bwZK gZ‡f`, msNl©, BZ¨vw` gvbe BwZnv‡mi
wPicwiwPZ wPÎ Ges gvbexq cÖK…wZi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| gvbexq cÖK…wZi êwkó¨ n‡jv †h, Giƒc msN‡l© wjßMY wb‡Ri
¯^v‡_© a‡g©i eënv‡ii †Póv K‡ib, e¨vL¨v ev Ace¨vL¨ K‡ib| wKš‘ wbR ag©‡K m‡PZbfv‡e weK…Z Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib bv| eis
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cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wbR Ae¯’vb‡K ag©xqfv‡e mwVK e‡j `vwe K‡ib| Bn~`x, L„÷vb, †eŠ×, wn›`y I mKj a‡g©i Abymvix‡ì
ga¨Kvi Avf¨š—ixY AMwYZ hy×, ag©hy×, kZe‡l©i hy× BZ¨vw` meB G K_vB cÖgvY K‡i|
kxqvMY ivR‰bwZK msNl©‡K ag©xqKiY K‡ib| ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv `L‡ji Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj †hgb
wb‡R‡ì †bZ…e„›`‡K †èZv I Ab¨‡ì‡K RvwZi kÎ“, ¯^vaxbvZvi kÎ“, a‡g©i kÎ“ BZ¨vw` AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib, †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e
Acic‡¶i PwiÎnb‡b m‡Pó _v‡Kb Ges GRb¨ mKj cÖKvi MvjMí evbvb wVK †Zgwbfv‡e kxqvMY ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvMÖn‡Yi
Rb¨ hv‡ì bvg eënvi Ki‡Zb Zv‡ì‡K †èZv Ges we‡ivax‡ì‡K `vbe wn‡m‡e wPwÎZ Ki‡Z mKj cÖKvi AccÖPv‡ii
Avkªq MÖnY K‡ib|
(M) gvby‡li gh©v`vi `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q: (1) gvby‡li wb‡Ri m‡PZb B”Qvaxb K‡g©i gva¨‡g AwR©Z gh©v`v Ges (2) gvby‡li
i³, esk, Rb¥, cwievi BZ¨vw` B”Qvewnf©yZ-Kg©ewnf©yZ welq wbf©i gh©v`v| KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i mvnvex-Zvweqx I
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ cÖ_g welqwU‡K m‡e©v”P ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb| wØZxq welqwU G‡Kev‡i Abyl½ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv
K‡i‡Qb| kxqvMY G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv esk, i³, eY©, cwievi BZ¨vw` welq‡K gvby‡li gh©v`vi g~j
wfwË wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Kg©, ZvKIqv BZ¨vw`‡K G‡Kev‡iB Abyl½ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| bex-es‡ki ev Avjx-es‡ki
gh©v`v cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì g~j Av‡jvP¨ welq Zv‡ì A‡jŠwKK Rb¥, b~i Øviv m„wó, cweÎ eskaviv BZ¨vw`| Avi eskavivi
cweÎZv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Zviv Zuv‡ì mKj‡K Cgvb`vi cÖgvY Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Avgiv †`wL †h, Zuviv Ave~ Zvwje,
Avãyj gyËvwje I Ab¨vb¨‡ì‡K gywgb, gymwjg I Avjvni wcÖqZg I cweÎZg wn‡m‡e cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| cvkvcvwk Ave~ eKi,
Dgi, Dmgvb, Zvjnv, hyevBi, mv` Beb Avex Iqv°vm, Ave~ ûivBiv, Avbvm I Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwRi-Avbmvi mvnvex ()-†K
Kvwdi, gyiZv` I Bmjv‡gi Ab¨Zg kÎ“ wn‡m‡e wek¦vm Kiv‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`vi g~j wfwË e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|
Dc‡ii g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z Avnj~m mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi BgvgMY Ave~ Zvwje Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb
e‡j wek¦vm K‡i‡Qb| KviY mvnvexMY †_‡K mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z A‡bK¸‡jv nv`xm welqwU cÖgvY K‡i| Bgvg eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏm Avãyi ivh&hvK mvbAvbxi m~‡Î gvÔgvi †_‡K hynix †_‡K mvqx` Bebyj gymvBwe †_‡K mvnvex gymvBwqe (iv) †_‡K,
wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﺎج ﻟَ َك ﺒِﻬَﺎ ِﻋْﻨ َد‬‫ُﺤ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫َي َﻋ ﱢم ُﻗ ْل ﻻ إِﻟَ َﻪ ِإﻻ اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻛﻠ َﻤ ًﺔ أ‬ َ َ‫ َو ِﻋْﻨ َدﻩُ أَُﺒو َﺠ ْﻬ ٍل َﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﻀَرﺘْﻪُ اْﻟ َوﻓَﺎةُ َد َﺨ َل َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬
ْ ‫ﺎل أ‬
ِ َ ‫إ ﱠن أَﺒﺎ‬
َ ‫طﺎﻟ ٍب ﻟَ ﱠﻤﺎ َﺤ‬ َ
‫آﺨَر َﺸ ْﻲ ٍء َﻛﻠﱠ َﻤﻬُ ْم‬
ِ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﺎل أَﺒو ﺠﻬ ٍل وﻋﺒ ُد اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﺒن أَﺒِﻲ أُﻤﱠﯿﺔَ ﯿﺎ أَﺒﺎ طَﺎﻟِ ٍب ﺘَرَﻏب ﻋن ِﻤﻠﱠ ِﺔ ﻋﺒِد اْﻟﻤ ﱠ‬
َ َ‫طِﻠ ِب َﻓﻠَ ْم َﯿَزاﻻ ُﯿ َﻛﻠﱢ َﻤﺎﻨِ ِﻪ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﻗ‬ ُ َْ َْ ُ ْ َ َ َ ُْ ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﻓَﻘ‬
ِ ِ ِ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ ﻤﺎ َﻛ‬:‫ت‬ ِ ‫ ﻷ‬ ‫ﺎل اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫ﺒِ ِﻪ ﻋﻠَﻰ ِﻤﻠﱠ ِﺔ ﻋﺒِد اْﻟﻤ ﱠ‬
َ َ‫طﻠِ ِب َﻓﻘ‬
‫ﯿن‬َ ‫َن َﯿ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻐﻔُروا ﻟْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸ ِرﻛ‬ْ ‫آﻤُﻨوا أ‬
َ ‫ﯿن‬َ ‫ﺎن ﻟﻠﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ َواﻟذ‬ َ َ ْ َ‫َﺴﺘَ ْﻐﻔَرﱠن ﻟَ َك َﻤﺎ ﻟَ ْم أُْﻨﻪَ َﻋْﻨﻪُ َﻓَﻨَزﻟ‬ ْ ُ َْ َ
.‫ت‬ ْ ‫ ِإﱠﻨ َك ﻻ ﺘَ ْﻬِدي َﻤ ْن أ‬:‫ت‬
َ ‫َﺤَﺒْﺒ‬ ْ ‫ َوَﻨَزَﻟ‬.‫ﺎب اْﻟ َﺠ ِﺤ ِﯿم‬
ُ ‫َﺼ َﺤ‬
ِ ِ
َ ‫َوﻟَ ْو َﻛ ُﺎﻨوا أُوﻟِﻲ ﻗُْرَﺒﻰ ﻤ ْن َﺒ ْﻌد َﻤﺎ ﺘََﺒﯿ‬
ْ ‫ﱠن ﻟَﻬُ ْم أَﱠﻨﻬُ ْم أ‬
ÒhLb Ave~ Zvwj‡ei g„Zzï mgq Dcw¯’Z n‡jv, ZLb ivm~jyjvn () Zvi wbKU cÖ‡ek K‡ib| ZLb Zvi wbKU Ave~
Rvnj Dcw¯’Z wQj| ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb: PvPv, Avcwb ejyb: Ôjv Bjvnv BjvjvnÕ; G evK¨wU w`‡q Avwg Avjvni Kv‡Q
Avcbvi Rb¨ `vwe-`vIqv †ck Kie| ZLb Ave~ Rvnj Ges Avãyjvn Beby Avex DgvBqv ejj: †n Ave~ Zvwje, Avcwb wK
Avãyj gyËvwj‡ei ag© AcQ›` Ki‡eb? D³ `y e¨w³ Gfv‡e AbeiZ Zv‡K eySv‡Z _vK‡jb| djkÖ“wZ‡Z Ave~ Zvwje me©‡kl
K_wU Zv‡ì‡K ej‡jb: ÔAvãyj gyËvwj‡ei a‡g©i Dc‡iBÕ| ZLb ivm~jyjvn () ej‡jb: Avgv‡K wb‡la bv Kiv ch©š— Avwg
Avcbvi Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _vKe| ZLb bvwhj nq 564: Òbex I gywgb‡ì Rb¨ DwPZ bq †h, Zviv gykwiK‡ì Rb¨ ¶gv
cÖv_©bv Ki‡e, hwÌ Zviv AvZ¥xq nq, Zv‡ì wbKU GUv ¯úó n‡q hvIqvi ci †h, wbðq Zviv cÖR¡wjZ Av¸‡bi Awaevmx|Ó
Av‡iv bvwhj nq 565: ÒZzwg hv‡K fvjevm Zv‡K Zzwg †n`vqvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv; eis AvjvnB hv‡K B”Qv †n`vqvZ †`b..|Ó 566
Av‡iKwU nv`xm Bgvg eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm bex-es‡ki cÖwm× Zvweqx gynvwÏm Avãyjvn Bebyj nvwim Beby
bvIdvj Beb Avãyj gyËvwje nvwkgx (84 wn) †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn -Gi PvPv AveŸvm Beb Avãyj
gyËvwje (iv) Zuv‡K e‡jb: Avcwb Avcbvi PvPvi Kx DcKvi K‡i‡Qb? wZwb †Zv Avcbv‡K wN‡i ivL‡Zb, †ndvhZ Ki‡Zb
Ges Avcbvi Rb¨B Ab¨‡ì Dci µz× n‡Zb? ZLb ivm~jyjvn () e‡jb:
‫َﺴ َﻔ ِل ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر‬ ِ ِ ‫ وﻟَوﻻَ أََﻨﺎ ﻟَ َﻛ‬، ‫ﺎح ِﻤ ْن َﻨ ٍﺎر‬
ْ ‫ﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟ ﱠد َرك اﻷ‬
َ َْ ٍ ‫ﻀ‬َ ‫ﻀ ْﺤ‬
ِ
َ ‫ُﻫ َو ﻓﻰ‬
ÒwZwb mvgvb¨ †Mvovwj cwigvY Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb| Avwg bv n‡j wZwb Av¸‡bi (Rvnvbœv‡gi) Zj‡`‡k
_vK‡Zb|Ó 567
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Bgvg eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm Zvweqx Avãyjvn Beb Lve&eve Avbmvix (100 wn)-Gi m~‡Î D×„Z
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K‡i‡Qb, Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb: ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wbKU Zuvi PvPv Ave~ Zvwj‡ei welq D‡jL Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb:
ُ ‫ َﯿ ْﻐﻠِﻰ ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ ِد َﻤ‬،‫ َﯿْﺒﻠُﻎُ َﻛ ْﻌَﺒ ْﯿ ِﻪ‬،‫ﺎح ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر‬
ُ‫ﺎﻏﻪ‬ ٍ ‫ﻀ‬َ ‫ﻀ ْﺤ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻟَﻌﻠﱠﻪ ﺘَْﻨﻔَﻌﻪ َﺸﻔَﺎﻋﺘِﻰ ﯿوم اْﻟ ِﻘﯿ‬
َ ‫ ﻓَُﯿ ْﺠ َﻌ ُل ﻓﻰ‬،‫ﺎﻤﺔ‬
َ َ َ َْ َ ُُ ُ َ
Òm¤¢eZ Avgvi kvdvAvZ wKqvg‡Z Zvi DcKvi Ki‡e; d‡j wZwb cv‡qi †Mvovwj ch©š— mvgvb¨ Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡eb,
Zv‡ZB Zuvi gw¯—®‹ dzU‡Z _vK‡e|Ó568
Ave~ `vD`, bvmvqx I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm KZ©„K mnxn mb‡` msKwjZ nv`x‡m Zvweqx bvwRqv Beb KvÕe e‡jb, Avjx (iv)
e‡jb:
َ ‫ب ﻓَ َو ِار أََﺒ‬
‫ﺎك‬ ْ ‫ﺎل ا ْذ َﻫ‬
َ َ‫ﺎت ﻗ‬
َ ‫ﺎل ﻗَ ْد َﻤ‬ ‫ إِ ﱠن َﻋ ﱠﻤ َك اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﯿ َﺦ ﱠ‬ ‫ت ﻟِﻠﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻀ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ُﻗْﻠ‬
ÒAvwg ivm~jyjvn - †K ejjvg, Avcbvi PvPv c_åó kvBL g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg hvI Ges
†Zvgvi wcZv‡K Kei¯’ Ki|Ó 569
G mKj nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K mvnvex, Zvweqx I Avnjym mybœvZ-Gi BgvgMY Ave~ Zvwje Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb e‡j
†g‡b wb‡q‡Qb| G welqwU‡K Zuviv bex-es‡ki, Avjx-es‡ki ev Avjx (iv)-Gi cÖwZ †eqvèx ev Aegvbbv e‡j †Kv‡bvfv‡e g‡b
K‡ib wb| G AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Avhg wj‡L‡Qb: ÒZuvi PvPv Ges Avjx (iv)-Gi wcZv Avey Zvwje Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY
K‡ib|Ó
cÿvšÍ‡i kxqvMY Ave~ Zvwje‡K gywgb wn‡m‡e wek¦vm Kiv Cgv‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| G A‡_© Zuviv
ivm~jyjvn , Avjx (iv) I Zuvi es‡ki BgvgM‡Yi bv‡g A‡bK e³e¨ D×„Z K‡ib| Avjx (iv)ÑGi LyZev wn‡m‡e msKwjZ
ÔbvnRyj evjvMvÕ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨vq 7g wnRix kZ‡Ki cÖwm× kxqv-gyZvwhjx cwÊZ Beb Avwej nv`x` Avãyj nvgx` Beb wnevZzjvn
(656 wn) e‡jb:
‫وروى أن رﺠﻼ ﻤن رﺠﺎل اﻟﺸﯿﻌﺔ وﻫو إﺒﺎن ﺒن ﻤﺤﻤود ﻛﺘب إﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒن ﻤوﺴﻰ اﻟرﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺠﻌﻠت ﻓداك إﻨﻰ ﻗد ﺸﻛﻛت‬
‫ وﺒﻌدﻫﺎ إﻨك إن‬،‫ﻓﻲ إﺴﻼم أﺒﻰ طﺎﻟب ﻓﻛﺘب إﻟﯿﻪ )وﻤن ﯿﺸﺎﻗق اﻟرﺴول ﻤن ﺒﻌد ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﯿن ﻟﻪ اﻟﻬدى وﯿﺘﺒﻊ ﻏﯿر ﺴﺒﯿل اﻟﻤؤﻤﻨﯿن( اﻻﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟم ﺘﻘر ﺒﺈﯿﻤﺎن أﺒﻰ طﺎﻟب ﻛﺎن ﻤﺼﯿرك إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎر‬
ÒewY©Z Av‡Q †h, Avevb Beb gvng~` bvgK GKRb kxqv †bZv (kxqv gZev‡ì Aóg Bgvg, Bgvg) Avjx wi`v Beb
g~mv Kvwhg (203 wn)-†K cÎ wj‡Lb †h, Avwg Avcbvi Rb¨ Kzievwb nB! Ave~ Zvwj‡ei Cgvb MÖn‡Yi wel‡q Avgvi g‡b Avwg
m‡›`n Abyfe Kwi| ZLb Avjx wi`v KziAv‡bi wb‡gœi AvqvZ wj‡Lb: ÒKv‡iv wbKU mrc_ cÖKvk nIqvi ci †m hw` ivmy‡ji
wei“×vPviY K‡i Ges gyÕwgb‡ì c_ Qvov Ab¨ c_ AbymiY K‡i, Z‡e †hw`‡K †m wd‡i hvq †m w`‡KB Zv‡K wdwi‡q †è
Ges Rvnvbœv‡g Zv‡K `» Kie, Avi IUv KZ g›` Avevm!Ó (m~iv wbmv: 115 AvqvZ)| Gici wZwb wj‡Lb: Zzwg hw` Ave~
Zvwj‡ei Cgv‡bi ¯^xK…wZ bv `vI Z‡e †Zvgv‡K Rvnvbœv‡gB †h‡Z n‡e|Ó 570
kxqv cwÊZMY ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv, PvPv Ave~ Zvwje, `v`v Avãyj gyËvwje I mKj c~e©cyi“l‡K Cgvb`vi `vwe
Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK cy¯—K iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Ave~ Zvwj‡ei wel‡q Zv‡ì †jLv‡jwL me‡P‡q †ewk| ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi wcZvi wel‡q
Zv‡ì †jLv‡jwLi Zzjbvq Avjx (iv)-Gi wcZvi wel‡q Zuv‡ì †jLv‡jwL A‡bK A‡bK †ewk| G welqK eB‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q:
Avjvgv kvBL Avãyj ûmvBb Avgxbx bvRvdxi †jLv: ÒCgvb Avex Zvwje (Av) I mxivZzn~Ó, AvqvZzjvn kvBL bvwmi gvKvwig kxivhx
iwPZ ÔCgvb Avex ZvwjeÓ, kvBL Avãyjvn Lvbevhx iwPZ ÔAve~ Zvwje gywgb KzivBkÕ BZ¨vw`| G mKj cy¯—‡K D×„Z Ônv`xmÕ ev
Ô`jxj-cÖgvY¸‡jvÕ Av‡jvPbv A_©nxb; KviY G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv mb` Zviv D‡jL K‡ib bv Ges mb` hvPvB‡qi †Kv‡bv DcvqI
Avgv‡ì †bB| Zuv‡ì K‡qKwU hyw³ wbgœiƒc:
(K) Zuviv `vwe K‡ib †h, ivm~jyjvn , Zuvi esk, Avjx (iv) I Zuvi es‡ki cÖwZ kÎ“Zv I we‡Ø‡li Kvi‡Y mvnvexMY,
ZvweqxMY I g~javivi BgvgMY eyLvix, gymwjg I Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’ D×„Z G mKj nv`xm RvwjqvwZ K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ Beb
Avwej nv`xm e‡jb:
‫ وﺒﻐﻀــﻪ ﻟﺒﻨــﻰ‬، ‫ وﻫــو اﻟﻤﻐﯿـرة ﺒــن ﺸــﻌﺒﺔ‬، ‫ ﻓﺈﻨﻤــﺎ ﯿروﯿــﻪ اﻟﻨــﺎس ﻛﻠﻬــم ﻋــن رﺠــل واﺤــد‬،‫أﻤــﺎ ﺤــدﯿث اﻟﻀﺤﻀــﺎح ﻤــن اﻟﻨــﺎر‬
. ‫ وﻗﺼﺘﻪ وﻓﺴﻘﻪ أﻤر ﻏﯿر ﺨﺎف‬، ‫ﻫﺎﺸم وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺼوص ﻟﻌﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻤﺸﻬور ﻤﻌﻠوم‬
ÒAve~ Zvwje cv‡qi †Mvovwj ch©š— mvgvb¨ Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb e‡j †h nv`xmwU cÖPwjZ †m nv`xmwU `ywbqvi
mKj gvbyl GKRb gvÎ gvbyl †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, wZwb n‡jb: gyMxiv Beb ïev| Avi nvwkgx esk (bex-esk), we‡klZ
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Avjx (Av)-Gi cÖwZ Zuvi kÎ“Zv-we‡Øl AwZ cÖwm× Ges Zuvi Kvwnbx I cvcvPv‡ii welqI Kv‡iv ARvbv bq|Ó 571
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Ô†Mvovwj ch©š— Av¸‡b _vKviÕ nv`xm¸‡jv gynvwÏmMY gyMxiv Beb ïÕev (iv) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib wb, eis
wewfbœ mnxn mb‡` AveŸvm (iv) I Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Avgiv e‡jwQ †h, `yRb mr gvby‡li g‡a¨
we‡ivwaZv ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e GKvi‡Y KvD‡K wg_¨vPv‡i Awfhy³ Kiv hvq bv| Avjx (iv)-Gi mv‡_ kÎ“Zvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
mvnvex wg_¨v ej‡eb Giƒc aviYv Kivi A_© ivmyjyjvn ()-‡K GKRb e¨_© bex e‡j `vwe Kiv (bvDhy wejvn!)| wKš‘ kxqvMY
Gfv‡e mvaviY gvbyl‡ì‡K eySv‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
m‡e©vcwi, kxqvM‡Yi G g‡Zi wel‡q GKwU cÖkœ DÌvwcZ nq| mvnvexMY I Zuv‡ì Abymvixiv hw` Giƒc we‡Øl †cvlY
K‡iB _vK‡Zb Z‡e nvghv, AveŸvm, Avjx (iv) I bex es‡ki Ab¨vb¨‡ì gh©v`vq GZ nv`xm Zuviv †Kb eY©bv Ki‡jb?
wcZvgvZv, PvPv I `v`v hw` mZ¨B Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡Zb Z‡e Zuv‡ì Mí I gh©v`vi K_v wK Av‡iv †ewk cÖwmw× jvf Ki‡Zv
bv?
(L) kxqvMY cÖkœ K‡ib: ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcZvgvZv, PvPv, `v`v I Zuvi es‡ki Ab¨vb¨‡ì‡K Rvnvbœvgx evwb‡q Avcbv‡ì
Kx jvf? Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ welqwU‡K KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib| Zuviv e‡jb: KziAvb
I nv`x‡mi e³e¨¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡j Avcbv‡ì Kx ÿwZ? ivm~jyjvn -Gi wcÖqRb‡ì cÖwZ Av‡eM I fvjevmv †Kv‡bv gywg‡biB Kg
†bB| wKš‘ wewfbœ mnxn nv`xm cÖgvY Ki‡Q †h, Zuviv Cgvb MÖnY bv K‡i g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb| Gi wecix‡Z GKwUI mnxn ev
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nv`xm cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| GRb¨ gywgb‡K Av‡eM wemR©b w`‡q ivm~jyjvn -Gi wb‡`©kbvi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
(M) ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZv I PvPvi Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g„ZzëiY Kivi gZwU‡K kxqvMY Zuvi mv‡_ Pig †eqv`we e‡j
MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi cieZ©x hy‡Mi †h mKj Avwjg ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wcZvgvZvi Cgvb MÖn‡Yi c‡¶
gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb ZuvivI Giƒc hyw³ w`‡q‡Qb| G hyw³ MÖnY Ki‡j cÖwm× Bgvg I AvwjgM‡Yi A‡bK‡KB †eqvè e‡j MY¨
Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAvZ Avè I †eqv`wei †¶‡ÎI KziAvb I mybœvni AbymiY‡KB m‡e©v”P ¯’vb cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì g‡Z ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi mKj gZ I e³e¨ wbwe©Pv‡i MÖnY KivB g~jZ Avè Ges Zuvi †Kv‡bv e³e¨, gZ ev
wk¶v Agvb¨ KivB Zuvi mv‡_ †eqv`we| gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫َﻤُﻨوا َﻻ ﺘُﻘَ ﱢد ُﻤوا َﺒْﯿ َن َﯿ َد ِي اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َوَر ُﺴوﻟِ ِﻪ‬
َ ‫ﯿن آ‬
ِ‫ﱠ‬
Ò†n gywgbMY, †Zvgiv Avjvn Ges Zuvi ivm~‡ji m¤§y‡L AMÖeZ©x n‡qv bv|Ó 572
‫ﯿم‬ ِ ٌ ‫ﺼﯿﺒﻬم ﻋ َذ‬ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫َﻓْﻠﯿ ْﺤ َذ ِر اﻟﱠ ِذﯿن ﯿ َﺨ ِﺎﻟﻔُون ﻋ ْن أَﻤ ِرِﻩ أ‬
ٌ ‫اب أَﻟ‬ َ ْ ُ َ ‫َن ﺘُﺼ َﯿﺒﻬُ ْم ﻓ ْﺘَﻨﺔٌ أ َْو ُﯿ‬ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ
Òhviv Zuvi Av‡`‡ki wei“×vPiY K‡i Zviv mZK© †nvK †h, wech©q Zv‡ì Dci AvcwZZ n‡e A_ev AvcwZZ n‡e
Zv‡ì Dci hš¿Yv`vqK kvw¯—|Ó 573
GRb¨ g‡bi Av‡eM †hw`‡KB avweZ †nvK bv †Kb `x‡bi mKj wel‡q KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv webv ev‡K¨ †g‡b wb‡Z
n‡e| Avi GwUB `x‡bi Avè|
6. 4. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cyÎMY
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi cyÎM‡Yi bvg I msL¨vi wel‡q HwZnvwmK‡ì wKQz gZ‡f` Av‡Q| Kvwmg Ges Beivnxg-G `y cy‡Îi
K_v A‡bK mnxn nv`x‡m D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G‡ì wel‡q mKj HwZnvwmK GKgZ| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv HwZnvwmK I mxivZ
†jLK ZvBwqe, Zvwni, Avãyjvn, gyZvBqve I gyZvn&nvi bv‡g Av‡iv 5 cy‡Îi bvg D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ ZvBwqe I Zvwn‡ii
bvg cÖwm×| G mKj eY©bvg‡Z ivm~jyjvn -Gi mš—vb‡ì msL¨v 7 cyÎ I 4 Kb¨v †gvU 11 Rb|
Beivnxg Qvov ivm~jyjvn -Gi mKj mš—v‡bi gvZv Lv`xRvZzj Kzeiv (iv)| Kvwmg, Zvwni I Ab¨vb¨ cyÎ g°vq
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges wkï eq‡mB g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| cÖ_g cyÎ Kvwmg byeIqv‡Zi c~‡e© g°vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| `y eQi ev Zvi
Kg eq‡m wZwb B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| Kvwm‡gi bvg Abymv‡i Aviexq wbq‡g ivm~jyjvn ()-†K ÔAveyj KvwmgÕ A_©vr ÔKvwm‡gi
AveŸvÕ KzwbqvZ ev Dcbv‡g WvKv n‡Zv| Ab¨vb¨ cy‡Îi Rb¥ I IdvZ m¤ú‡K© †Zgb wKQz Rvbv hvq bv|
ivm~jyjvn -Gi `vmx-¯¿x gvwiqv wKewZqvi M‡f© g`xbvq Zuvi Kwbó cyÎ Beivnxg Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 8 wnRix
mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 17 ev 18 gvm eq‡m 10 wnRix‡Z B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| IqvwK`x D‡jL K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb 10 wnRixi
iweDj AvDqvj gv‡mi 10 ZvwiL g½jevi B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|
6. 5. ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Kb¨vMY
nv`xm I mvnvexM‡Yi e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K HwZnvwmKMY GKgZ †h, ivm~jyjvn -Gi 4 Kb¨v wQ‡jb: hvBbve (iv), i“KvBqv
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(iv), D¤§y Kzjm~g (iv) I dvwZgv (iv)| Zuviv byeyIqv‡Zi c~‡e© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib, byeyIqv‡Zi c‡i Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib, ivm~jyjvn -
Gi mv‡_ g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡ib Ges g`xbvq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|
ivm~jyjvn -Gi †R¨ôv Kb¨v hvBbve (iv)| wZwb beyIqv‡Zi eQi `‡kK Av‡M Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| LvjvZ fvB ÒAveyj
Avm Bebyi ivexqÓ-Gi mv‡_ g°vq Zuvi weevn nq| hvBbve Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib Ges g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡ib| Zuvi ¯^vgx Aveyj
Avm Kvwdi Ae¯’vq g°vq †_‡K hvb| g°v weR‡qi c~‡e© wZwb g`xbvq †h‡q Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib Ges Df‡q g`xbvq `v¤úZ¨
Rxeb Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| hvqbve (iv) ivm~jyjvn -Gi RxeÏkvq 8 wnRix mv‡j- cÖvq 33 ermi eq‡m- g`xbvq B‡š—Kvj
K‡ib| Zuvi ¯^vgx Aveyj Avm ivm~jyjvn -Gi Idv‡Zi c‡ii ermi 12 wnRix‡Z B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|
hvqbve (iv) Avjx bv‡g GK cyÎ Ges Dgvgv bv‡g GK Kb¨v Rb¥`vb K‡ib| cyÎ Avjx ivm~jyjvn -Gi RxeÏkvq g°v
weR‡qi c‡i B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| g°v weR‡qi mgq Avjx ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi D‡Ui wc‡V Zuvi wcQ‡b e‡m wQ‡jb| Kb¨v Dgvgv‡KI
ivm~jyjvn () AZ¨š— Avì Ki‡Zb| wewfbœ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb Dgvgv‡K Kuv‡a wb‡q dR‡ii mvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib|
mvR`vi mgq Zv‡K bvwg‡q ivL‡Zb Ges mvR`v †_‡K DV‡j Avevi Nv‡o wb‡Zb| dvwZgvi (iv) Idv‡Zi c‡i Avjx (iv)
Dgvgv‡K weevn K‡ib| wZwb wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb|
ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi wØZxqv Kb¨v i“KvBqv (iv)| byeyIqv‡Zi 7 ermi c~‡e© wZwb g°vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| g°vq Ave~
jvnv‡ei cyÎ DZevi mv‡_ Zuvi weevn nq| hLb m~iv Ave~ jvnve bvwhj nq ZLb µz× Ave~ jvnv‡ei wb‡`©‡k DZev Zuv‡K
ZvjvK †`b| Gici Dmgvb (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Zuvi weevn nq| Dmgv‡bi mv‡_ wZwb Bw_Iwcqvq wnRiZ K‡ib| Gici wZwb
g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡ib| wØZxq wnRix mv‡j eì hy‡×i mg‡q wZwb g`xbvq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib| Zuvi B‡š—Kv‡ji mgq ivm~jyjvn
 e`‡i wQ‡jb| Zuvi Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡YB Dmgvb e`‡ii hy‡× Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| B‡š—Kv‡ji mgq Zuvi eqm wQj
cÖvq 22/23 ermi| i“KvBqvi M‡f© Dmgvb (iv)-Gi Avãyjvn bv‡g GKwU mš—vb Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| eQi Q‡qK ev Zvi Kg
eq‡m G cyÎ g„ZzëiY K‡i|
ivm~jyjvn -Gi Z…Zxqv Kb¨v D¤§y Kzjm~g (iv)| beyIqv‡Zi K‡qK ermi c~‡e© wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| g°vq Ave~
jvnv‡ei Ab¨ cyÎ DZvBevi mv‡_ Zvi weevn nq Ges `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb ïi“i Av‡MB DZvBev Zuv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i| wZwb
ivm~jyjvn -Gi mv‡_ wnRiZ K‡ib| i“KvBqv (iv)ÑGi B‡š—Kv‡ji ci ivm~jyjvn  D¤§y Kzjm~g‡K Dmgvb (iv)ÑGi mv‡_
weevn †`b| 3 wnRix mv‡ji iweDj AvDqvj gv‡m Dmgv‡bi mv‡_ Zuvi weevn nq e‡j †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv HwZnvwmK D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb| 9 wnRix mv‡j cÖvq 27/28 ermi eq‡m g`xbvq Zuvi IdvZ nq| wZwb wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb|
ivm~jyjvn -Gi Kwbôv Kb¨v dvwZgv (iv)| wZwb byeyIqv‡Zi K‡qK ermi Av‡M ev byeyIqvZ jv‡fi c‡ii ermi Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| wnRi‡Zi c‡i wØZxq (A_ev Z…Zxq) wnRix mv‡j Avjx (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Zuvi weevn nq| nvmvb, ûmvBb I gynwmb bv‡g wZb
cyÎ I hvBbve, D¤§y Kzjm~g I i“KvBqv bv‡g wZb Kb¨v mš—vb Zuviv jvf K‡ib| gynwmb Rb¥mg‡q g„ZzëiY K‡ib| nvmvb, ûmvBb,
D¤§y Kzjm~g I hvBbve cwiYZ eq‡m weevnkvw` K‡ib| ivm~jyjvn -Gi eskai ej‡Z Zuv‡ì mš—vb‡ì‡KB eySv‡bv nq| 11k
wnRix mv‡j ivm~jyjvn -Gi Idv‡Zi 6 gvm c‡i 24/25 ermi eq‡m dvwZgv (iv) B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|574
7. ZvInx‡ì ARvbv wel‡q KiYxq
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) e‡j‡Qb: Òhw` †Kv‡bv gvby‡li Kv‡Q ÔBjgyZ ZvInx`Õ ev AvKx`vi LuywUbvwU wel‡qi my²
Z_¨ A¯úó n‡q c‡o Z‡e Zvi `vwqZ¡ GB †h, Zr¶Yvr G wel‡q Avjvni wbKU hv mwVK ZvB Avgvi wek¦vm-Giƒc wek¦vm
†cvlY Ki‡e| Gici h_vkxNÖ m¤¢e †Kv‡bv Avwjg‡K wRÁvmv K‡i mwVK Z_¨ †R‡b wb‡e| mwVK Z_¨ Rvbvi wel‡q AbymÜvb
Ki‡Z †`wi Kiv Zvi Rb¨ êa bq| Giƒc wel‡q Ôùvwo‡q _vKvÕ ev ÔweiZ _vKvÕ, A_©vr ÔRvwbI bv Ges RvbeI bv e‡j †_‡g
_vKvÕ, ev ÔwKQyB Rvwb bv Kv‡RB wKQyB wek¦vm Kie bvÕ Giƒc K_v ejv Zvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Ihi e‡j M„nxZ n‡e bv| †KD hw`
Giƒc ùvwo‡q _v‡K ev weiZ _v‡K Z‡e Zv Kzdix e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, cÖ_g hy‡M Bjgyj AvKx`v‡K ÒBjgyZ ZvInx`Ó e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv| wkiK-Kzdi †_‡K AvZ¥i¶v
Kivi Rb¨ ZvInx‡ì Bjg wek`fv‡e AR©b Kiv gywg‡bi Rxe‡bi cÖavb dih `vwqZ¡| Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ﱠ ﱠ‬
ُ‫ﺎﻋﻠَ ْم أَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻻ إِﻟَﻪَ إِﻻ اﻟﻠﻪ‬
ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
ÒKv‡RB Rvb (ÁvbvR©b Kiv) †h, Avjvn& Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn& †bB|Ó 575
Zvn‡j ÒAvjvn Qvov †Kv‡bv gvey` †bBÓ- ZvInx`yj Bev`v‡Zi weï× Ávb AR©b Kiv gywg‡bi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g I cÖavb
dih `vwqZ¡| ¯^fveZB G Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e ÔInxÕ A_©vr KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨ cvV I Abyave‡bi gva¨‡g|
ZvInx‡ì †gŠwjK †Kv‡bv welq †Kv‡bv gywg‡bi ARvbv _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e LuywUbvwU my² †Kv‡bv welq nqZ Kv‡iv ARvbv
_vK‡Z cv‡i| Dc‡ii e³e¨ Giƒc wel‡q gywg‡bi KiYxq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)|
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AvKx`vi LuywUbvwU my² †Kv‡bv welq gywg‡bi ARvbv _vK‡j ÒAvjvni Kv‡Q †hwU mwVK Avwg ZvB wek¦vm KwiÓ
e‡j `„p wek¦vm cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e| Abygvb ev AÁZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i ZK©-weZ‡K© bv Rwo‡q KziAvb-nv`xm wb‡`©wkZ mZ¨
me©vš—Ki‡Y MÖnY Kivi †cÖiYv-mn gywgb †NvlYv w`‡eb †h, G wel‡q Avjvni Kv‡Q hv mwVK ZvB Avgvi wek¦vm|
cvkvcvwk KziAvb-nv`xm G wel‡q Kx e‡j Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖvÁ AvwjgM‡Yi Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡i
ev Zuv‡ì †jLv cvV K‡i †m wel‡q mwVK Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Rvbvi wel‡q Ae‡njv AgvR©bxq Aciva| KviY Zv `y‡Uv
welq wb‡`©k K‡i: (1) weï× Cgvbx Ávb AR©‡b AeÁv Ges (2) mswkó wel‡q Cgv‡bi Abycw¯’wZ| G welq`y‡Uv Kzdi-Gi
bvgvš—i|
ZvInx‡ì wel‡q weï× Ávb AR©‡b Ae‡njvi Av‡iKwU w`K KziAvb-mybœv‡ni wb‡`©kbv AbymÜvb I MÖnY bv K‡i ZK©-
weZ‡K© wjß nIqv| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn), Zuvi mv_xMY I Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i
Bgvg Zvnvex e‡jb:
ِ ‫ َوﻻ ُﻨ َﺠ ِﺎد ُل ِﻓﻲ اْﻟﻘُْر‬،‫ﯿن اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬
.‫آن‬ ِ ‫ َوﻻ ُﻨ َﻤ ِﺎري ِﻓﻲ ِد‬،‫وض ِﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬
ُ ‫َوﻻ َﻨ ُﺨ‬
ÒAvgiv Avjvni wel‡q SMovq wjß nB bv| Avgiv Avjvni `xb wb‡q weZK© Kwi bv, Ges Avgiv KziAvb wb‡q ZK©-
SMov Kwi bv|Ó 576
e¯‘Z ZvInx` I AvKx`vi wfwË Inxi Áv‡bi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©Y| gnvb Avjvn I Zuvi ivm~j () hv e‡j‡Qb ZvB
ejv, Zuviv hv e‡jb wb Zv bv ejv Ges Inxi AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv ev mgv‡jvPbvq wjß bv nIqv
Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g~j êwkó¨|
KziAvb-mybœvni wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ávb mÜvb Kiv| Ávb mÜv‡b gywg‡bi wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv cQ›`-AcQ›` _v‡K
bv| wZwb Inx I mZ¨ AbymÜvb K‡ib Ges me©vš—Ki‡Y MÖnY K‡ib| GRb¨ wZwb Av‡jvPbv K‡ib wKš‘ weZK© K‡ib bv| Av‡jvPbv
I weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ LyeB my¯úó| Av‡jvPbvKvix wb‡Ri Áv‡bi Ac~Y©Zvi wel‡q m‡PZb| wZwb mZ¨ Rvb‡Z Pvb| wZwb cÖkœ
K‡ib| DË‡i Zvi Z…wß bv n‡j cybivq cÖkœ K‡ib, Av‡jvPbv K‡ib ev Ab¨vb¨ Avwj‡gi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| mKj †¶‡Î Zvi
GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ Inxi wb‡`©kbv mwVKfv‡e Rvbv|
c¶vš—‡i weZK©Kvix wb‡Ri Ávb ev gZ‡K P~ovš— mZ¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡i Zv‡K weRqx Ki‡Z I wec‡¶i gZ‡K evwZj
cÖgvY Ki‡Z m‡Pó nb| weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ Òbdmvwbq¨vZÓ ev cÖe„wZi AbymiY I AvZ¥Mwigv _v‡K, Avjvni Rb¨ mZ¨ AbymÜv‡bi
†cÖiYv _v‡K bv| weZ‡K© civwRZ n‡jI gvbyl mZ¨ MÖnY K‡i bv, eis civRq‡K A¯^xKv‡ii Rb¨ ev civR‡qi Mvwb gyQvi Rb¨
†Póv K‡i| `xb wb‡q weZK© weåvš— I weÀvZx †Mvôx¸‡jvi êwkó¨| c¶vš—‡i ÔAvnjym mybœvZÕ Avš—wiK fvjevmv I mZ¨mÜv‡bi
AvMÖn-mn Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb:
‫ﻀ ﱠل ﻗَ ْوٌم َﺒ ْﻌ َد ُﻫ ًدى َﻛ ُﺎﻨوا َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻪ إِﻻ أُوﺘُوا اْﻟ َﺠ َد َل‬
َ ‫َﻤﺎ‬
577
Ò†Kv‡bv RvwZ †n`vqvZ cÖvß nIqvi c‡i weåvš— nIqvi GKwUB KviY Zv n‡jv Zviv SMov-weZ‡K© wjß nq|Ó
Ab¨ nv`x‡m ivm~jyjvn  e‡jb,
‫ َو َﻤ ْن َﺤ ُﺴ َن‬،‫ق ُﺒﻨِ َﻲ ﻟَﻪُ ِﻓ ْﻲ َو َﺴ ِطﻬَﺎ‬
‫ و َﻤ ْن ﺘََرَﻛﻪُ و ُﻫو ُﻤ ِﺤ ﱞ‬،‫ض اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ‬
َ َ َ
ِ ‫ت ِﻓﻲ َرَﺒ‬ ِ ِ
ْ ٌ ‫ ُﺒﻨ َﻲ ﻟَﻪُ َﺒْﯿ‬،‫اء َو ُﻫ َو ُﻤْﺒط ٌل‬
ِِ
َ ‫َﻤ ْن ﺘََر َك اْﻟم◌ َر‬
‫ُﺨﻠُﻘُﻪُ ُﺒﻨِ َﻲ ﻟَﻪُ ِﻓ ْﻲ أَ ْﻋﻼَ َﻫﺎ‬
Òwb‡Ri gZ fzj eyS‡Z †c‡i †h weZK© cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi cv`‡`‡k evwo wbg©vY Kiv n‡e| Avi †h e¨w³
wb‡Ri gZ mwVK nIqv m‡Ë¡I weZK© cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b evwo wbg©vY Kiv n‡e| Avi hvi AvPiY
my›ì Zvi Rb¨ Rvbœv‡Zi m‡e©v”P ¯’v‡b evwo wbg©vY Kiv n‡e|Ó578
8. wgivR
Gici Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) wgivR cÖm½ D‡jøL K‡i e‡j‡Qb: ÒwgÕiv‡Ri msev` mZ¨| †h Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †m
we`ÔAvZx I weåvš—|Ó
gnvb Avjvn Zuvi wcÖqZg ivm~j -‡K hZ gywRhv w`‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg Bmiv I wgÕivR| ÒBmivÓ A_© Ôˆbk-
ågYÕ ev ÔivwÎKv‡j ågY Kiv‡bvÕ| Avi ÔwgÕivRÕ A_© ÔEaŸ©v‡ivnYÕ ev ÔDa©v‡ivn‡Yi hš¿Õ| gnvb Avjvn ivm~jyjvn -‡K GK
ivwÎ‡Z g°vi ÔAvj-gvmwR`yj nvivgÕ †_‡K wdwjw¯—‡bi ÔAvj-gvmwR`yj AvKmvÕ ch©š— wb‡q hvb| Gici †mLvb †_‡K E‡aŸ©
7 Avmgvb †f` K‡i Zuvi ˆbK‡U¨ wb‡q hvb| ÔAvj-gvmwR`yj nvivgÕ †_‡K Avj-gvmwR`yj AvKmv ch©š— ågY‡K ÒBmivÓ
Ges †mLvb †_‡K E‡aŸ© Mgb‡K wgÕivR ejv nq| mvaviYfv‡e ÔBmivÕ I ÔwgÕivRÕ Dfq welq‡K GK‡Î ÒwgÕivRÓ ejv nq|
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8. 1. KziAvb gvRx‡` Bmiv I wgivR

wgivR ivm~jyjvn -Gi Rxe‡bi AZ¨Zg NUbv| KziAv‡b GKvwaK ¯’v‡b G NUbvi D‡jL i‡q‡Q| ÔBmivÕ cÖm‡½
Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ﺼﻰ اﻟﱠِذي َﺒ َﺎرْﻛَﻨﺎ َﺤ ْوﻟَﻪُ ِﻟُﻨ ِرَﯿﻪُ ِﻤ ْن آََﯿﺎﺘَِﻨﺎ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِِ
َ ‫َﺴ َرى ﺒِ َﻌْﺒدﻩ ﻟَْﯿﻼ ﻤ َن اْﻟ َﻤ ْﺴ ِﺠد اْﻟ َﺤ َرام إِﻟَﻰ اْﻟ َﻤ ْﺴ ِﺠد اﻷَ ْﻗ‬
ِ ‫ﺴ ْﺒﺤ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ﺎن اﻟذي أ‬
َ َ ُ
ÒcweÎ wZwb whwb Zuvi ev›`v‡K iRbx‡hv‡M ågY Kwi‡q‡Qb gmwR`yj nvivg †_‡K gmwR`yj AvKmv ch©š—, hvi cwi‡ek
Avwg K‡iwQjvg eiKZgq, Zv‡K Avgvi wb`k©b †`Lvevi Rb¨|Ó 579
G AvqvZ I eûmsL¨K mnxn nv`xm cÖgvY K‡i †h, ivm~jyjvn  RvMÖZ Ae¯’vq mkix‡i ÔBmivÕ I ÔwgivRÕ-G Mgb K‡ib|
KviY Ôev›`vÕ ej‡Z AvZ¥v I †`‡ni mgwš^Z gvbyl‡KB eySv‡bv nq| KziAv‡b ev›`v ej‡Z Ô‡`n I AvZ¥vÕ mgwš^Z gvbyl‡KB eySv‡bv
n‡q‡Q, ïay AvZ¥v‡K Ôev›`vÕ ejv nq wb| 580
ÒwgÕivRÓ cÖm‡½ gnvb Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ﺼ ُر َو َﻤﺎ طَ َﻐﻰ‬ ْ ‫ُﺨ َرى ِﻋ ْﻨ َد ِﺴ ْد َرِة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨﺘَﻬَﻰ ِﻋ ْﻨ َد َﻫﺎ َﺠﱠﻨﺔُ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺄ َْوى إِ ْذ َﯿ ْﻐ َﺸﻰ اﻟﺴ‬
َ ‫ﱢد َرةَ َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻐ َﺸﻰ َﻤﺎ َازغَ ا ْﻟَﺒ‬ ْ ‫وﻨﻪُ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻤﺎ َﯿ َرى َوﻟَﻘَ ْد َرآَﻩُ َﻨ ْزﻟَﺔً أ‬
َ ‫أَﻓَﺘُ َﻤ ُﺎر‬
ِ ‫ﺎت رﺒ‬
‫ﱢﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻛ ْﺒ َرى‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﻟَﻘَ ْد َأرَى ﻤ ْن آََﯿ‬
Ò†m (gynv¤§v` ) hv †`‡L‡Q †Zvgiv wK †m wel‡q Zvi mv‡_ weZK© Ki‡e? wbk¦qB †m Zv‡K Av‡iKevi †`‡LwQj|
wmìvZzj gybZvnv-i (cÖvš—eZ©x eìx e„‡¶i) wbKU| hvi wbKU Aew¯’Z RvbœvZzj gvÔIqv| hLb e„¶wU hØviv Av”Qvw`Z nevi
ZØviv wQj Av”Qvw`Z| Zvi `„wó weåg nq wb, `„wó j¶¨Pz¨ZI nq wb| †m †Zv Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki gnvb wb`k©bvewj
†`‡LwQj|Ó 581
G AvqvZI cÖgvY K‡i †h, wZwb mkix‡i RvMÖZ Ae¯’vq wmìvZzj gybZvnvi wbKU Avjvni gnvb G mKj wb`k©b
†`‡LwQ‡jb| G wel‡q gymwjg D¤§vni g~javivi AvwjgMY GKgZ| Z‡e wmìvZzj gybZvnvi wbKU wZwb Kv‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb?
gnvb Avjvn‡K? bv wReivCj (Av)-‡K? G wel‡q mvnvexM‡Yi hyM †_‡K gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| m~iv bvR‡gi e¨vL¨vq Avãyjvn Beby
AveŸvm (iv) e‡j‡Qb †h, ivm~jyjvn  Zuvi Aš—i w`‡q `yevi Zuvi ieŸ‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb| G g‡Zi Abymvix mvnvex-ZvweqxMY
e‡j‡Qb †h, gnvb Avjvn g~mv (Av)Ñ‡K Zuvi mv‡_ K_v ejvi gywRhv w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges gynv¤§v` -‡Z Zuvi `k©‡bi gywRhv
w`‡qwQ‡jb|
c¶vš—‡i Av‡qkv (iv) I Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex e‡j‡Qb †h, wZwb Avjvn‡K †`‡Lb wb, wReivCj‡K (Av) †`‡LwQ‡jb| Bgvg
eyLvix msKwjZ nv`x‡m cÖwm× Zvweqx gvmiƒK e‡jb: ÒAvwg Av‡qkv (iv)-Gi wbKU Dcweó wQjvg| wZwb e‡jb, †n Ave~
Av‡qkv (gvmiƒK), wZbwU K_vi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU K_v hw` †KD e‡j Z‡e †m Avjvn bv‡g RNb¨ wg_v ejvi Aciv‡a Acivax
n‡e| Avwg ejjvg: †m K_v¸‡jv Kx Kx? wZwb e‡jb, hw` †KD g‡b K‡i †h, gynv¤§v` () Zuvi cÖwZcvjK‡K (Avjvn‡K)
†`‡LwQ‡jb Z‡e †m Avjvni bv‡g RNb¨ wg_¨Pvix e‡j MY¨ n‡e| gvmiƒK e‡jb, Avwg ZLb †njvb w`‡q wQjvg| Zuvi K_vq
Avwg D‡V emjvg Ges ejjvg: †n gywgbM‡Yi gvZv, Avcwb Avgv‡K GKUz K_v ej‡Z w`b, Avgvi Av‡MB Avcbvi e³e¨ †kl
Ki‡eb bv| Avjvn wK e‡jb wb 582: Ò†m †Zv Zv‡K ¯úó w`M‡š— †`‡LwQjÓ, Òwbðq Zv‡K †m Av‡iKevi †`‡LwQjÓ?
Av‡qkv (iv) e‡jb: G D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ AvwgB me©cÖ_g e¨w³ †h G m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyjvn -‡K wRÁvmv K‡iwQj|
ivm~jyjvn  DË‡i e‡jb: ÒG n‡jv wReix‡ji K_v| Avjvn Zuv‡K †h AvK…wZ‡Z m„wó K‡i‡Qb Avwg `yevi Qvov Avi KL‡bv
Zuv‡K Zuvi †m cªK…Z AvK…wZ‡Z †`wL wb| Avwg †`Ljvg wZwb AvKvk †_‡K †b‡g Avm‡Qb| Zuvi AvK…wZi wekvjZ¡ AvKvk I
c„w_exi gaëZ©x mewKQz Aei“× K‡i w`‡”Q|Ó Av‡qkv e‡jb: Zzwg wK Avjvn‡K ej‡Z †kvb wb 583: ÒwZwb `„wói AwaMg¨ bb,
wKš‘ `„wókw³ Zuvi AwaMZ; Ges wZwbB m~²`k©x, mg¨K cwiÁvZÓ? Zzwg wK Avjvn‡K ej‡Z †kvb wb584: Ò†Kv‡bv gvby‡li
Rb¨B m¤¢e bq †h, Avjvn Zvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb Inxi gva¨g e¨wZ‡i‡K, A_ev c`©vi Aš—ivj e¨wZ‡i‡K, A_ev Ggb `~Z
†cÖiY Ki‡eb †h `~Z Zuvi AbygwZµ‡g wZwb hv Pvb Zv e¨³ Ki‡e, wZwb mgybœZ, cÖÁvgqÓ?Ó 585
8. 2. wgiv‡Ri ZvwiL
Bmiv I wgÕiv‡Ri NUbv we¯—vwiZfv‡e nv`xm kix‡d ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| nv`xm I mxivZ welqK MÖ‡š’ cÖvq 40 Rb mvnvex
mnxn ev hqxd mb‡` wgiv‡Ri NUbvi wewfbœ w`K †QvU ev eo AvKv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G mKj nv`x‡m wgiv‡Ri wewfbœ w`K
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv nv`x‡m ivm~jjy vn  †_‡K wgÕiv‡Ri ZvwiL m¤ú‡K© GKwU K_vI ewY©Z nq wb| d‡j Zvwi‡Li
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wel‡q cieZx© hy‡Mi gynvwÏm I HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡a¨ gZwe‡iva †`Lv †`q| wgÕivR GKevi bv GKvwaKevi msNwVZ
n‡q‡Q, †Kvb& ermi n‡q‡Q, †Kvb& gv‡m n‡q‡Q, †Kvb& Zvwi‡L n‡q‡Q BZ¨vw` wel‡q cÖvq 20wU gZ i‡q‡Q| Kv‡iv g‡Z hyjKv`
gv‡m, Kv‡iv g‡Z iweDm mvbx gv‡m, Kv‡iv g‡Z iRe gv‡mi GK Zvwi‡L, Kv‡iv g‡Z iRe gv‡mi cÖ_g ïµev‡i ev iRe
gv‡mi 27 Zvwi‡L wgivR msNwUZ n‡qwQj| Bgvg beex, Bebyj Avmxi, Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx I Ab¨vb¨ A‡b‡KB e‡j‡Qb
†h, iweDj AvDqvj gv‡m wgÕivR msNwUZ n‡qwQj| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Avevi ZvwiL wb‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †KD e‡j‡Qb G gv‡mi
12 Zvwi‡L Ges †KD e‡j‡Qb G gv‡mi 27 Zvwi‡L wgivR msNwUZ n‡qwQj| 586
8. 3. wgiv‡Ri weeiY
G mKj nv`x‡m ewY©Z Bmiv I wgiv‡Ri mvi-ms‡¶c GB †h, ivm~jyjvn  Kvev N‡ii wbKU ï‡q wQ‡jb| GgZve¯’vq
wReivCj (Av) K‡qKRb wdwikZv mn Z_vq AvMgb K‡ib| Zuviv ivm~jyjvn -Gi e‡¶i DcwifvM †_‡K †cU ch©š— †K‡U Zuvi
ürwcÊ †ei K‡ib, Zv †aŠZ K‡ib Ges e¶‡K Cgvb, wnKgvZ I cÖÁv Øviv cwic~Y© K‡ib Ges Zuvi ürwcÊ‡K cybivq e‡¶i g‡a¨
¯’vcb K‡ib| Gici ÒeyivKÓ bv‡g Av‡jvi MwZ m¤úbœ GKwU evnb Zuvi wbKU Avbqb Kiv nq| wZwb G evn‡b evBZzj gvKw`m ev
†Ri“Rv‡j‡g Mgb K‡ib| gnvb Avjvn Z_vq c~e©eZ©x mKj bex-ivm~j‡K mg‡eZ K‡ib| ivm~jyjvn -Gi BgvgwZ‡Z Zuviv Z_vq
`y ivKÔAvZ mvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib| Gici ÒwgÕivRÓ ev ÒEaŸ©v‡ivnY hš¿Ó Avbqb Kiv nq| wZwb wgÕiv‡R D‡V E‡aŸ© Mgb K‡ib
Ges G‡K G‡K mvZ Avmgvb AwZµg K‡ib| wewfbœ Avmgv‡b wewfbœ bex-ivm~‡ji mv‡_ Zuvi mv¶vZ, mvjvg I `yAv wewbgq nq|
Gici wZwb m„wóRM‡Zi †kl cÖvš— ÒwmìvZzj gybZvnvÓ Mgb K‡ib| Z_v †_‡K wZwb RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg I gnvb Avjvni Ab¨vb¨
gnvb m„wó cwi`k©b K‡ib I Zuvi gnvb mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡ib| gnvb Avjvn Zuvi D¤§v‡Zi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK 50 Iqv³ mvjv‡Zi weavb
cÖ`vb K‡ib| c‡i Zv msw¶ß K‡i 5 Iqv‡³i weavb †`b| Gici ivm~jyjvn  wgivR †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| wgiv‡R Mgb I
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi mgq Ges RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœv‡g ivm~jyjvn -†K wewfbœ cvc I cy‡Yï wewfbœ cÖKvi kvw¯— I cyi¯‹vi †`Lv‡bv nq| 587
gyZvwhjv I Ab¨vb¨ KwZcq wdiKv weÁvb ev hyw³i bv‡g ÔwgivRÕ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q ev e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| G wel‡q Avnjym
mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi g~jbxwZ G wel‡q KziAvb I mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z mKj welq mij I ¯^vfvweK A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv| G¸wj‡K
Awek¦vm Kiv ev e¨vL¨vi bv‡g mij A_© A¯^xKvi Kiv weåvwš—| †h‡nZz Bmiv ev ˆbkåg‡Yi K_v KziAvb Kvix‡g my¯úófv‡e ejv
n‡q‡Q †m‡nZz Zv A¯^xKvi Kiv Kzdi e‡j MY¨| Avi wgivR ev EaŸ©åg‡Yi welqwU nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ| nv`xm Øviv cÖgvwYZ
welq¸wj A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Zv‡K weåvš— I weÀvZx e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e, Kvwdi e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡e bv| nvbvdx dKxnMY e‡j‡Qb:
ِ ‫اج ﻤن َﺒ ْﯿ ِت ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ِد‬
‫س ﻻ َﯿ ْﻛﻔُُر‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫اء ﻤن َﻤ ﱠﻛﺔَ إﻟَﻰ َﺒ ْﯿ ِت ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ِد‬
َ ‫س ﻓَﻬُ َو َﻛﺎﻓٌر َ ٕوِا ْن أ َْﻨ َﻛ َر ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻌ َر‬ ِ ‫إن أ َْﻨ َﻛ َر‬
َ ‫اﻹ ْﺴ َر‬ ْ ‫اج ُﯿ ْﻨظَ ُر‬ ِ
َ ‫َو َﻤ ْن أ َْﻨ َﻛ َر ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻌ َر‬
Òhw` †KD wgÕivR A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e †`L‡Z n‡e †m Kx A¯^xKvi Ki‡Q| †m hw` g°v †_‡K evBZzj gvKw`m ch©š—
ˆbkhvÎv ev Bmiv A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e †m Kvwdi| Avi hw` evBZzj gvKw`m †_‡K wgivR ev EaŸ©Mgb A¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡e
Kvwdi n‡e bv|Ó 588
G wel‡q Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi e³e¨ Avgiv †`‡LwQ| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn)-Gi AvKx`v e¨vL¨v K‡i Bgvg Zvnvex
(ivn) e‡jb:
‫ َوأَ ْﻛ َرَﻤﻪُ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﺒِ َﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺎء اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ ُﻌﻼ‬
َ ‫ث َﺸ‬
ِ ‫ظ ِﺔ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﺴﱠﻤ‬
ُ ‫ ﺜُﱠم إِﻟَﻰ َﺤ ْﯿ‬،‫ﺎء‬ َ َ َ‫ﺼ ِﻪ ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟَﯿﻘ‬
ِ ‫ وﻋ ِرج ﺒِ َﺸ ْﺨ‬، ‫ وﻗَ ْد أُﺴ ِري ﺒِﺎﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱢﻲ‬،‫ق‬
َ َُ َ ْ َ ‫اج َﺤ‬
‫وا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻌ َر ُ ﱞ‬
َ
"‫اد َﻤﺎ َأرَى‬
ُ ‫ب ا ْﻟﻔُ َؤ‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ َوأ َْو َﺤﻰ إﻟَْﯿﻪ َﻤﺎ أ َْو َﺤﻰ " َﻤﺎ َﻛ َذ‬،‫ﺎء‬
َ ‫َﺸ‬
ÒwgÕiv‡Ri NUbv mZ¨| bex ()-†K iv‡Î ågY Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Zvu‡K RvMÖZ Ae¯’vq mkix‡i cÖ_‡g AvKv‡k DVv‡bv
nq, c‡i EaŸ© RM‡Zi †hLv‡b Avjvn& cv‡Ki B”Qv wQj †mLv‡b †bIqv nq| Z_vq, Avjvn& cvK hv B”Qv wQj Zv w`‡q Zvu‡K
m¤§vwbZ K‡ib Ges Zvui cÖwZ †h evZv© †Ìqvi wQj Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Òhv †m †`‡L‡Q †m wel‡q Aš—i wg_¨v e‡j wb 589|Ó 590
8. 4. wgivR welqK Rvj I wfwËnxb aviYv
Bmjv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi b¨vq wgÕivR wel‡qI wØwea weåvwš— we`¨gvb| GKw`‡K LvwiRx, gyÕZvwhjx I mggbv
†Mvôx¸‡jv hyw³, weÁvb ev `k©‡bi bv‡g KziAvb gvRx` I mnxn nv`x‡m D‡jwLZ I ewY©Z NUbvewj A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q Ges
e¨vL¨vi bv‡g cÖKvk¨ A_© evwZj K‡i‡Q| Aciw`‡K kxqvMY Ges mybœx mgv‡Ri kxqv cÖfvweZ A‡bK e¨w³ I †Mvôx G wel‡q
A‡bK Rvj I ev‡bvqvU Kvwnbx cÖPvi K‡i‡Q| Zviv G welqK KziAvb gvRx` I mnxn nv`x‡m wea„Z welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ †Zgb
¸i“Z¡ †`b bv| eis Zv‡ì cÖPvwiZ Rvj I ev‡bvqvU Kvwnbx¸‡jv‡KB ÒwgivRÓ-Gi g~j welq e‡j wek¦vm I cÖPvi K‡i|
Rvj nv`xm welqK MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv wgivR welqK A‡bK Rvj nv`xm †`L‡Z cvB| wgiv‡Ri ivwÎ‡Z Rvbœv‡Zi mKj
¯’v‡b dvwZgv (iv), Avjx (iv) I Zuvi cwiev‡ii ÔcvK cvÄvZ‡biÕ bvg †`Lv, Zv‡ì Bgvg‡Zi mv¶¨ †`Lv BZ¨vw` welq G
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mKj nv`x‡mi cÖwZcv`¨| G RvZxq wKQz Rvj nv`xm ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi Avi‡k Av‡ivnY †Kw›`ªK|
KziAv‡b ivm~jyjvn -Gi wmìvZzj gybZvnvi wbKU Avjvni gnvb wb`k©bvewji `k©‡bi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q, wmìvZzj
gybZvnv AwZµg K‡i Avi‡k Mg‡bi K_v D‡jL Kiv nq wb| wmnvn wmËv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× nv`xm MÖ‡š’i nv`xm¸‡jv‡Z ivm~jyjvn
 wgiv‡Ri ivwÎ‡Z Avi‡k Mgb K‡i‡Qb e‡j D‡jL Kiv nq wb| ivdiv‡d Pov, Avi‡k Mgb Kiv BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv K_v wmnvn
wmËv, gymbv‡` Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× †Kv‡bv nv`xm-MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ †Kv‡bv nv`x‡m †bB| 5/6 kZvãx ch©š— msKwjZ BwZnvm I
mxivZ welqK MÖš’¸‡jv‡ZI G weq‡q †Zgb wKQz cvIqv hvq bv| `kg wnRix kZvãx I cieZ©x hy‡M msKwjZ mxivZzbœex welqK
wewfbœ MÖ‡š’ ivdivd-G Av‡ivnY, Avi‡k Mgb BZ¨vw` NUbv ejv n‡q‡Q|
G wel‡q Avjvgv gynv¤§v` Beby Avãyj evKx hviKvbx (1122 wn) ÔAvj-gvIqvwne Avj-jv`ywb¨qvÕ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨v Ôkviûj
gvIqvwneÕ MÖ‡š’ Avjvgv ivhx Kvhexbxi GKwU e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ َﺒ ْل ُذ ِﻛ َر ِﻓ ْﯿﻬَﺎ أَﱠﻨﻪُ ْاﻨﺘَﻬَﻰ ِإﻟَﻰ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘًَوى َﺴ ِﻤ َﻊ‬،‫ِﺴ ْد َرةَ اْﻟ ُﻤْﻨﺘَﻬَﻰ‬ ‫ف أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﺠ َﺎوَز‬ ٍ ‫ﻀ ِﻌ ْﯿ‬
َ َ‫ﺼ ِﺤ ْﯿ ٍﺢ َوﻻَ َﺤ َﺴ ٍن َوﻻ‬ ٍ ِ ِ
َ ‫ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ِرْد ﻓ ْﻲ َﺤدْﯿث‬
ٍ ‫وأَﱠﻨﻰ ﻟَﻪ ﺒِ ِﻪ! وﻟَم ﯿ ِرْد ِﻓﻲ َﺨﺒ ٍر ﺜَﺎﺒِ ٍت وﻻَ ﻀ ِﻌْﯿ‬
‫ف أَﱠﻨﻪُ َرِﻗ َﻰ‬ ،‫ﺎن‬ ِ ِ ‫ َو َﻤ ْن َذ َﻛ َر أَﱠﻨﻪُ َﺠ َﺎوَز‬.‫ط‬ ْ َ‫ف اﻷَ ْﻗﻼَِم ﻓَﻘ‬
َ ‫ﺼ ِرْﯿ‬ ِِ
َ َ َ ْ َ َْ ُ َ ُ ‫َذﻟ َك ﻓَ َﻌﻠَ ْﯿﻪ اْﻟَﺒَﯿ‬ َ ‫ﻓْﯿﻪ‬
.‫ت ِإﻟَْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ وا ْﻓﺘِراء ﺒﻌ‬.‫ش‬
ُ ‫ﻀ ِﻬ ْم ﻻَ ُﯿْﻠﺘَ َﻔ‬ ْ َ ُ َ َ َ ‫اْﻟ َﻌ ْر‬
Ò†Kv‡bv GKwU mnxn, nvmvb A_ev hqxd nv`x‡mI ewY©Z nq wb †h, ivm~jyjvn () wmìvZzj gybZvnv AwZµg
K‡iwQ‡jb| eis ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb Z_vq Ggb ch©vq ch©š— †cuŠ‡QwQ‡jb †h, Kj‡gi LmLm kã ïb‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb| whwb
`vwe Ki‡eb †h, ivm~jyjvn () wmìvZzj gybZvnv AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K Zvi `vexi c‡¶ cÖgvY †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi
wKfv‡e wZwb Zv Ki‡eb! GKwU mnxn A_ev hqxd nv`x‡mI ewY©Z nq wb †h, wZwb Avi‡k Av‡ivnY K‡iwQ‡jb| †KD †KD
RvwjqvwZ-wg_¨vPv‡i wjß n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Giƒc wg_¨vPv‡ii cÖwZ `„KcvZ Kiv hvq bv|Ó 591
wgivR welqK G RvZxq Rvj I ev‡bvqvU K_vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ivm~jyjvn ()-Gi RyZv cv‡q Avi‡k Av‡ivn‡Yi Mí,
wgiv‡Ri ivwÎ‡Z ÒAvZ-Zvwnq¨vZzÓ jvf, gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ wgÕiv‡Ri mKj NUbv msNwUZ nIqv BZ¨vw`| 592
9. wKqvgv‡Zi AvjvgvZ
me©‡kl Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) wKqvg‡Zi K‡qKwU ÔAvjvgvZ KzeivÕ ev Ôeo wPýÕ D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb: Ò`v¾v‡ji
ewnM©gb, BqvR~R I gvR~‡Ri ewnM©gb, A¯—Mg‡bi ¯’vb †_‡K m~‡h©i D`q nIqv, AvKvk †_‡K Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY Ges
wKqvgv‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ mKj c~e©vfvm, †hfv‡e mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Zv meB mZ¨ Ges NU‡eB| gnvb Avjvn hv‡K B”Qv
mij c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib|Ó
9. 1. wKqvgv‡Zi mgq I AvjvgZ
wKqvgvZ (‫ )اﻟﻘﯿﺎﻤﺔ‬kãwU (‫ )ﻗﺎم‬wµqv †_‡K M„nxZ| Gi A_© ùvov‡bv ev DwÌZ nIqv| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq g„Zz¨ †_‡K
cybi“Ìvb‡K wKqvgvZ ejv nq| mvaviYZ gnvcÖjq I cybi“Ìvb‡K GK‡Î ÔwKqvgZÕ ejv nq| A‡bK mgq mvgwMÖKfv‡e
ciKvjxb Rxeb‡K ÔwKqvgvZÕ ev ÔwKqvgZ wèmÕ ejv nq| Avgiv Av‡MB †`‡LwQ †h, AvwLivZ I wKqvgv‡Zi wek¦vm Cgv‡bi
Ab¨Zg welq| wKqvgv‡Z wek¦v‡mi Ab¨Zg w`K †h Gi mgq ev ¶Y Avjvn Zuvi †Kv‡bv m„wó‡K Rvbvb wb| KziAv‡b welqwU
evisevi ejv n‡q‡Q| GK¯’v‡b Avjvn e‡jb:
‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ُﻗ ْل ﻻ َﯿﻌﻠَم ﻤ ْن ِﻓﻲ اﻟﺴ‬
‫ون‬
َ ُ‫ﱠﺎن ُﯿ ْﺒ َﻌﺜ‬ َ ‫ب ِإﻻ اﻟﻠﻪُ َو َﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﺸ ُﻌ ُر‬
َ ‫ون أَﯿ‬ ِ ‫ات واﻷ َْر‬
َ ‫ض اْﻟ َﻐ ْﯿ‬ َ ‫ﱠﻤ َﺎو‬
َ َ ُْ
Òej, ÔAvjvn e¨ZxZ AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z †KDB MvB‡ei Ávb iv‡L bv Ges Zviv Rv‡b bv Zviv KLb cybi“wÌZ
593
n‡e|Ó
ivm~jyjvn ()-†K wKqvgvZ m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﺎن ِﻓﻲ‬
ِ ‫اﻹﺒِ ِل ا ْﻟُﺒ ْﻬ ُم ِﻓﻲ ا ْﻟُﺒ ْﻨَﯿ‬
ِ ُ‫طﺎو َل ُرَﻋﺎة‬ ْ ‫اطﻬَﺎ إِ َذا َوﻟَ َد‬
َ َ َ‫ت اﻷ ََﻤﺔُ َرﺒﱠﻬَﺎ َ ٕوِا َذا ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ك ﻋ ْن أَ ْﺸر‬
َ ْ ‫ِﻤ ْن اﻟﺴﱠﺎﺌِ ِل َو َﺴﺄ‬
َ َ ‫ُﺨﺒِ ُر‬ ْ ‫َﻤﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺴُﺌو ُل َﻋ ْﻨﻬَﺎ ﺒِﺄ‬
‫َﻋﻠَ َم‬
َ‫اﻵﯿﺔ‬ ِ ‫ إِ ﱠن اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِﻋ ْﻨ َدﻩ ِﻋ ْﻠم اﻟﺴ‬: ‫اﻟﱠﻨﺒِ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫س ﻻ َﯿ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻤﻬُ ﱠن إِﻻ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﺜُﱠم ﺘَﻼ‬ ٍ ‫َﺨ ْﻤ‬
َ ...‫ﱠﺎﻋﺔ‬ َ ُ ُ َ
ÒcÖkœKvixi †P‡q cÖkœK…Z e¨w³ G wel‡q †ewk Rv‡b bv| Avwg †Zvgv‡K wKqvgv‡Zi AvjvgZ eje| hLb `vmx Zvi
cÖfy‡K Rb¥ †`‡e Ges hLb Aejv D‡Ui ivLvjMY myD”P BgviZ-AÆvwjKv wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡e| wKqvgv‡Zi Ávb cuvPwU
wel‡qi Aš—f©y³, †h¸wj Avjvn Qvov †KD Rv‡b bv| AZtci wZwb wZjvIqvZ K‡ib 594: Òwbðq Avjvn, Zuvi Kv‡QB i‡q‡Q
wKqvgv‡Zi Ávb....Ó 595
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Gfv‡e Avgiv †`LwQ †h, wKqvgv‡Zi mgq Avjvn gvbyl‡K Rvbvb wb, Z‡e wKqvgv‡Zi wel‡q wKQz c~e©vfvm
wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q:
ُ ‫ﺎءﺘْﻬُ ْم ِذ ْﻛ َر‬
‫اﻫ ْم‬ َ ‫ﺎء أَ ْﺸ َارطُﻬَﺎ َﻓﺄَﱠﻨﻰ َﻟﻬُ ْم ِإ َذا َﺠ‬
ِ ْ ‫ﱠﺎﻋ َﺔ أ‬
َ ‫َن ﺘَﺄْﺘَﯿﻬُ ْم َﺒ ْﻐﺘَ ًﺔ َﻓ َﻘ ْد َﺠ‬ َ ‫ون ِإﻻ اﻟﺴ‬
َ ‫َﻓﻬَ ْل َﯿ ْﻨظُ ُر‬
ÒZviv wK †Kej GRb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q †h, wKqvgvZ Zv‡ì wbKU G‡m co–K AvKw¯§Kfv‡e? wKqvgv‡Zi j¶Ymg~n
†Zv G‡mB c‡o‡Q! wKqvgvZ G‡m co‡j Zviv Dc‡`k MÖnY Ki‡e †Kgb K‡i?Ó 596
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K AvwjgMY wKQz welq‡K ÔAvjvgvZ myMivÕ (‫ )اﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎت اﻟﺼﻐرى‬A_©vr Ô¶z`ªZi ÔAvjvgZÕ Ges wKQz
welq‡K ÔAvjvgvZ KzeivÕ (‫ )اﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎت اﻟﻛﺒرى‬A_©vr Ôe„nËi ÔAvjvgZÕ ev Ôwe‡kl AvjvgZÕ e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb|
9. 2. AvjvgvZ myMiv
Avgiv †`Ljvg †h, wKqvgv‡Zi c~e©vfvmmg~n cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q e‡j KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q| G mKj c~e©vfv‡mi Ab¨Zg
me©‡kl bex gynv¤§v` ()-Gi AvMgb| mvnj Beby mv` Avm mvwq`x (iv) e‡jb:
‫ﱠﺎﺒ ِﺔ َوا ْﻟ ُو ْﺴطَﻰ‬ ِِ ِ ِِ
َ ‫ﱠﺎﻋﺔَ َﻛﻬَذﻩ ﻤ ْن َﻫذﻩ أ َْو َﻛﻬَﺎﺘَْﯿ ِن َوﻗَ َرَن َﺒ ْﯿ َن اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒ‬ ُ ْ‫ُﺒ ِﻌﺜ‬
َ ‫ت أََﻨﺎ َواﻟﺴ‬
Òivm~jyjvn  Zuvi nv‡Zi ZR©bx I ga¨gv A½ywj GKwÎZ K‡i e‡jb: ÒAvwg †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ wKqvgv‡Zi mv‡_ Gfv‡e
cvkvcvwk|Ó 597
Dc‡ii AvjvgZ¸‡jv QvovI wewfbœ nv`x‡m wKqvgv‡Zi Av‡iv A‡bK c~e©vfv‡mi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mKj nv`xm
†_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, wKqvgv‡Zi c~‡e© Avie DcØx‡c b`b`x cÖevwnZ n‡e Ges †¶Z-Lvgvi Qwo‡q co‡e| g°vi
evwoNi¸‡jv g°vi cvnvo¸‡jv Qvwo‡q E‡aŸ© D‡V hv‡e, g°vi gvwUi wb‡P myo½¸‡jv GKwU AciwUi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡e, cvnvo¸‡jv
¯’vbPz¨Z n‡e| Biv‡Ki dzivZ b`xi Zj‡`k †_‡K ¯^‡Y©i cvnvo cÖKvwkZ n‡e, †h Rb¨ fq¼i hy×weMÖn Qwo‡q co‡e| gvby‡li
RxebhvÎv DbœZ n‡e, Aí mg‡q gvbyl A‡bK mg‡qi KvR Ki‡e, AwaKvsk gvbyl A_©‰bwZKfv‡e m”Qj I ¯^vej¤^x n‡q hv‡e|
Z‡e gvby‡li wek¦vm I avwg©KZv K‡g hv‡e, ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai e¨vcK Ae¶q NU‡e, cvc, AbvPvi BZ¨vw` e¨vcKfv‡e cÖmvi jvf
Ki‡e, wg_¨v I fÊ bexM‡Yi Avwef©ve NU‡e, nZ¨v, mš¿vm, I e„nr cwim‡ii hy× n‡Z _vK‡e| G mKj ÔAvjvgvZÕ ev c~e©fvm
cÖKv‡ki GK ch©v‡q Ôe„nr AvjvgZ¸‡jvÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡e| 598
9. 3. Avjvgv‡Z Kzeiv
ûhvBdv Beby Avmx` (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjvn  Avivdv‡Zi gv‡V (we`vq n‡¾i mg‡q) Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb| Avgiv Zuvi
†_‡K wbPz ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb KiwQjvg| wZwb Avgv‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡jb, †Zvgiv wK Av‡jvPbv KiQ? Avgiv ejjvg:
wKqvgv‡Zi Av‡jvPbv KiwQ| wZwb e‡jb:
‫ﺎن‬ ِ َ ‫ف ِﻓﻲ َﺠ ِز‬
ُ ‫ﯿرة اْﻟ َﻌ َر ِب َواﻟ ﱡد َﺨ‬ ٌ ‫ف ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ِر ِب َو َﺨ ْﺴ‬ ِ ‫ف ﺒِﺎْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ِر‬
ٌ ‫ق َو َﺨ ْﺴ‬ ٌ ‫ﺎت َﺨ ْﺴ‬ ٍ ‫إِ ﱠن اﻟﺴﱠﺎﻋﺔَ ﻻ ﺘَ ُﻛون ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَ ُﻛون ﻋ ْﺸر آﯿ‬
َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ
‫ﯿﺴﻰ‬ ِ ُ ‫ وُﻨ ُز‬،‫س ِﻤ ْن ﻤ ْﻐ ِرﺒِﻬﺎ وَﻨﺎر ﺘَ ْﺨرج ِﻤ ْن ﻗُﻌرِة ﻋ َد ٍن ﺘَرﺤ ُل اﻟﱠﻨﺎس‬ ِ ‫ْﺠو ُج وطُﻠُوعُ اﻟ ﱠﺸ ْﻤ‬ ِ ‫واﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ ُل وَداﱠﺒﺔُ اﻷ َْر‬
َ ‫ول ﻋ‬ َ َْ َ َْ ُُ ٌ َ َ َ َ ُ ‫ْﺠو ُج َو َﻤﺄ‬
ُ ‫ض َوَﯿﺄ‬ َ َ
...‫ْاﺒ ِن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم‬
Ò`kwU AvqvZ ev wb`k©b bv NUv ch©š— wKqvgvZ n‡e bv: (1) c~e© w`‡K f~wgaŸm (f~c„ô hgx‡bi g‡a¨ Wy‡e hvIqv), (2)
cwðgw`‡K f~wgaŸm, (3) Avie DcØx‡c f~wgaŸm, (4) aygª, (5) `v¾vj, (6) f~wgi cÖvYx, (7) BqvR~R-gvR~R, (8) cwðg
w`K †_‡K m~‡h©v`q, (9) G‡W‡bi f~Mf© †_‡K AwMœ wbM©Z n‡q gvbyl‡ì‡K Zvwo‡q †bIqv Ges (10) gwiqg-cyÎ Cmv (Av)-
Gi AeZiY|Ó 599
G mKj Avjvg‡Zi we¯—vwiZ eY©bvq A‡bK mnxn nv`xm ewY©Z| KziAvb Kvix‡g †Kv‡bv Avjvg‡Zi wel‡q Bw½Z ev
D‡jL i‡q‡Q| Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ ِ ‫َﺨ َر ْﺠَﻨﺎ َﻟﻬُ ْم َداﱠﺒﺔً ِﻤ َن اﻷ َْر‬
‫ض ﺘُ َﻛﻠﱢ ُﻤﻬُ ْم أ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺎس َﻛ ُﺎﻨوا ﺒِﺂََﯿﺎﺘَﻨﺎ ﻻ ُﯿوِﻗُﻨ‬
‫ون‬ َ ‫َن اﻟﱠﻨ‬ ْ ‫َ ٕوِا َذا َوﻗَ َﻊ اْﻟ َﻘ ْو ُل َﻋَﻠ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم أ‬
ÒhLb †NvwlZ kvw¯— Zv‡ì wbKU Avm‡e ZLb Avwg hwgb n‡Z †ei Kie GK Rxe hv Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡e, G Rb¨ †h
gvbyl Avgvi wb`k©‡b Awek¦vmx|Ó600
KziAv‡bi e³e¨ †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Cmv (Av)-Gi cybivMg‡bi ci mKj wKZvex Zuvi wel‡q mwVK Ávb I Cgvb
jvf Ki‡eb| Avjøvn e‡jb:
‫ﯿﻪ َﻟِﻔﻲ َﺸ ﱟ‬
ِ ‫اﺨﺘَﻠَﻔُوا ِﻓ‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﯿﺢ ِﻋﯿﺴﻰ ْاﺒن ﻤرَﯿم رﺴ َ ﱠ‬
‫ك‬ ْ ‫ﯿن‬ َ ‫ﺼﻠَُﺒوﻩُ َوَﻟ ِﻛ ْن ُﺸﺒ‬
َ ‫ﱢﻪ ﻟَﻬُ ْم َ ٕوِا ﱠن اﻟذ‬ َ ‫ول اﻟﻠﻪ َو َﻤﺎ ﻗَﺘَﻠُوﻩُ َو َﻤﺎ‬ ُ َ َ َْ َ َ َ ‫َوﻗَ ْوِﻟ ِﻬ ْم ِإﱠﻨﺎ ﻗَﺘَْﻠَﻨﺎ اْﻟ َﻤ ِﺴ‬
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‫ﺎب ِإﻻ ﻟَ ُﯿ ْؤ ِﻤَﻨ ﱠن ِﺒ ِﻪ‬

ِ َ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟ ِﻛﺘ‬
ْ ‫ﯿﻤﺎ َ ٕوِا ْن ِﻤ ْن أ‬ ِ ‫ﺎع اﻟظﱠ ﱢن وﻤﺎ ﻗَ َﺘﻠُوﻩ َﯿِﻘ ًﯿﻨﺎ َﺒ ْل رﻓَﻌﻪُ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِإﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻪ و َﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﻋ ِز ًا‬ َ ‫ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ َﻤﺎ ﻟَﻬُ ْم ِﺒ ِﻪ ِﻤ ْن ِﻋْﻠٍم ِإﻻ اﺘﱢَﺒ‬
ً ‫ﯿز َﺤﻛ‬ َ َ َ َ ُ ََ
ً ‫ون َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َﺸ ِﻬ‬
‫ﯿدا‬ ِ ‫َﻗْﺒ َل ﻤوﺘِ ِﻪ وﯿوم اْﻟِﻘﯿ‬
ُ ‫ﺎﻤﺔ َﯿ ُﻛ‬
َ َ َ َْ َ ْ َ
ÒAvi ÔAvgiv Avjvni ivm~j gwiqg-Zbq Cmv gmxn‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ Zv‡ì (Bn~`x‡ì) G Dw³i Rb¨| A_P Zviv Zv‡K
nZ¨v K‡i wb, µzkwe×I K‡i wb; wKš‘ Zv‡ì Giƒc weåg n‡qwQj| hviv Zvi m¤^‡Ü gZ‡f` K‡iwQj Zviv wbðq G m¤^‡Ü
mskqhy³ wQj; G m¤ú‡K© Abygv‡bi AbymiY e¨ZxZ Zv‡ì †Kvb ÁvbB wQj bv| wbwðZ †h Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i wb| eis Avjvn&
Zv‡K Zuvi wbKU Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb Ges Avjvn& civµgkvjx cÖÁvgq| wKZvex‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡K Zvi g„Zyï c~‡e© Zv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡eB
Ges wKqvgv‡Zi w`b †m Zv‡ì wei“‡× mv¶¨ w`‡e|Ó601
BqvRyR gvRy‡Ri wel‡q Avjvn e‡jb:
ِ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ ‫َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ِإ َذا ﻓُﺘِ َﺤ‬
‫ﯿن َﻛ َﻔ ُروا َﯿﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺼ ُﺎر اﻟذ‬ َ ‫ق َﻓِﺈ َذا ﻫ َﻲ َﺸﺎﺨ‬
َ ‫ﺼﺔٌ أ َْﺒ‬ ‫ب اْﻟو ْﻋ ُد اْﻟ َﺤ ﱡ‬ َ ُ‫ْﺠو ُج َو ُﻫ ْم ﻤ ْن ُﻛ ﱢل َﺤ َد ٍب َﯿ ْﻨﺴﻠ‬
َ َ ‫ون َوا ْﻗﺘََر‬ ُ ‫ْﺠو ُج َو َﻤﺄ‬ُ ‫ت َﯿﺄ‬
‫ﯿن‬ ِ ِ َ ‫وْﯿَﻠَﻨﺎ َﻗ ْد ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ ِﻓﻲ َﻏ ْﻔَﻠ ٍﺔ ِﻤ ْن َﻫ َذا َﺒ ْل ُﻛﱠﻨﺎ‬
َ ‫ظﺎﻟﻤ‬ َ
ÒGgb wK hLb qvÕRyR I gvÕRyR‡K gyw³ †Ìqv n‡e Ges Zviv cÖwZ D”Pf~wg n‡Z Qz‡U Avm‡e| A‡gvN cÖwZkÖ“ZKvj
Avmbœ n‡j mnmv Kvwdiw`‡Mi P¶z w¯’i n‡q hv‡e, Zviv ej‡e Ônvq, `y‡fv©M Avgv‡ì! Avgiv †Zv wQjvg G wel‡q D`vmxb;
bv, Avgiv mxgvj•NbKvixB wQjvgÕ|Ó 602
9. 4. wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgvZ: gywg‡bi KiYxq
AvKx`vi Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi b¨vq wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ wel‡q gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi e³e¨¸‡jv mij A‡_© wek¦vm
Kiv| G¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v I cÖK…wZ Rvbv Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ bq| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î G welqK e¨vL¨v wfwËnxb I AšÍnxb weZK© m„wó K‡i|
†hgb: nv`x‡m †h f~wgaŸ‡mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv wK Zzi‡¯‹i f~wgK¤ú? Biv‡bi f~wgK¤ú? Rvcv‡bi mybvwg? bv Zv fwel¨‡Z NU‡e?
K‡e NU‡e? A_ev: BqvR~R-gvR~R Kviv, Zviv wK ZvZvi? †Pw½k Lv‡bi evwnbx? Pxb RvwZ? Ab¨ †Kv‡bv RvwZ? †Kv_vq Zviv
_v‡K? Zviv †ei n‡q‡Q bv †ei n‡e? A_ev: `v¾vj †K? B¯ªv‡qj ivóª? Av‡gwiKv? `v¾vj wK †ei n‡q‡Q? bv fwel¨‡Z n‡e?
KLb Zvi Avwef©ve NU‡e? wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ welqK G RvZxq cÖkœ ev M‡elYvi bv‡g mgq aŸsm K‡i `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z
gywg‡bi †Kv‡bvB jvf nq bv, Z‡e fq¼i ÿwZ nq| Bev`Z, `vIqvZ, DcvR©b, Avjøvni n°, ev›`vi n° BZ¨vw` Riæix Kg©
duvwK w`‡Z gywgb‡K Giƒc AKviY weZ‡K© wjß K‡i kqZvb|
gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ mvaviYfv‡e wek¦vm Kiv †h, wKqvg‡Zi Av‡M G mKj AvjvgZ †`Lv hv‡e| G mKj wel‡q KziAvb I
mnxn nv`x‡m hv ejv n‡q‡Q meB mZ¨| hLb Zv NU‡e ZLb gywgbMY Rvb‡eb †h wKqvgZ µgvš^‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Q| G¸‡jvi
we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v AvjøvnB Rv‡bb| Gi e¨vL¨v Rvbvi `vwqZ¡ gywgb‡K †Ìqv nq wb| gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ `ywbqv I AvwLiv‡Z Kv‡R
jvMvi gZ ÁvbPP©v I M‡elYv Kiv| KziAvb-nv`xm AbymÜvb K‡i gvby‡li cÖv‡qvwMK Rxe‡bi mgvavb †Ìqvi Rb¨ M‡elYv
Ki‡Z wb‡`©k †`q Bmjvg| wPwKrmv, weÁvb, BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj BZ¨vw` mKj gvbe-Kj¨vY welqK M‡elYvi wb‡`©k †`q
Bmjvg| G mKj wel‡q M‡elYv-AbymÜvb gvbyl‡K GKwU wbwðZ djvdj jv‡fi c‡_ wb‡q hvq| wKš‘ MvBex welq wb‡q
M‡elYvi bv‡g AKviY weZK© †Kv‡bv djvdj †`q bv| gnvb Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~j () BqvR~R-gvR~R ev `v¾vj ej‡Z Kx
eywS‡q‡Qb †m wel‡q nvRvi eQi Gfv‡e M‡elYv bv‡gi cÖjvc-wejvc I weZK© K‡iI wbwðZ wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e bv| 603
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h, G mKj wel‡q †KejgvÎ mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| GwUB Avnjym
mybœv‡Zi g~jbxwZ| ïay mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci wbf©i Kiv, `ye©j I Rvj eY©bv eR©b Kiv Ges mnxn nv`x‡m ewY©Z welq¸wj
Ace¨vL¨v bv K‡i mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv|
9. 5. Bgvg gvn`x
Dc‡ii nv`x‡m wKqvg‡Zi `kwU c~e©fv‡mi g‡a¨ ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ-i welq D‡jøL Kiv nq wb| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvI
wKqvg‡Zi Avjvg‡Zi g‡a¨ welqwU D‡jøL K‡ib wb| Z‡e wewfbœ nv`x‡m wKqvg‡Zi c~‡e© ÔBgvg gvn`xÕi Avwef©v‡ei welqwU
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡m welqwU‡K Cmv gvmx‡ni AeZiY I `v¾v‡ji mv‡_ mswkøó e‡j D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, nv`xm, wdKn I AvKx`vi cwifvlvq ÔBgvgÕ kãwU ÔLjxdvÕ ev ÔivóªcÖavbÕ k‡ãi mgv_©K| gvn`x A_©
Ô†n`vqvZ-cÖvßÕ| GRb¨ cvwifvwlKfv‡e ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ A_© ÔAvjøvni cÿ †_‡K †n`vqvZ-cÖvß ivóªcÖavbÕ|
B‡Zvc~‡e© Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, ivm~jyjøvn () Zuvi c‡ii LjxdvMY‡K ÔLyjvdv ivwk`xb gvnw`q¨xbÕ ev Ôgvn`x ivwk` LjxdvÕ
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| G †_‡K Avgiv Rvwb †h, Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`xb mK‡jB Ôgvn`xÕ ev Ô†n`vqvZcÖvßÕ wQ‡jb| Z‡e †kl hy‡M
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Av‡iv GKRb Ôgvn`x ivóªcÖavbÕ ÿgZvMÖnY Ki‡eb e‡j wewfbœ nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gvn`xi K_v D‡jøL K‡i †Kv‡bv
nv`xm mnxn eyLvix ev mnxn gymwj‡g †bB| Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’ G welqK nv`xm¸‡jv msKwjZ| G wel‡q wKQz mnxn nv`x‡mi
cvkvcvwk A‡bK hqxd nv`xm we`¨gvb Ges AMwYZ Rvj nv`xm G wel‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b G welqK K‡qKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨
nv`xm D‡jøL KiwQ|
cÖ_g nv`xm: Avãyjøvn Beb gvmE` e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫ ﯿﻠﻲ َر ُﺠ ٌل ِﻤ ْن‬/‫ب‬
َ ‫َﻫ ِل َﺒ ْﯿﺘِﻰ )َﯿ ْﻤِﻠ َك اْﻟ َﻌ َر‬
ْ ‫ﯿﻪ َر ُﺠﻼً ِﻤﱢﻨﻰ أو ِﻤ ْن أ‬ ِ ‫ث ِﻓ‬ َ َ‫ق ِﻤ َن اﻟ ﱡد ْﻨَﯿﺎ ِإﻻﱠ َﯿ ْوٌم ﻟ‬
َ ‫ط ﱠو َل اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َذِﻟ َك اْﻟَﯿ ْوَم َﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﯿ ْﺒ َﻌ‬ َ ‫ﻟَ ْو ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻻ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ُﻤِﻠَﺌ‬
.‫ت ظُْﻠ ًﻤﺎ َو َﺠ ْوًار‬ ً ‫طﺎ َو َﻋ ْد‬ً ‫ض ِﻗ ْﺴ‬ َ ‫اﺴ َم أَﺒِﻰ َﯿ ْﻤﻸُ اﻷ َْر‬ ِ
ْ ‫اﺴ ُم أَﺒِﯿﻪ‬ ْ ‫اﺴﻤﻰ َو‬
ِ ُ‫اطﺊ اﺴﻤﻪ‬ ِ
ْ ُ ْ ُ ‫َﻫ ِل َﺒ ْﯿﺘﻰ( ُﯿ َو‬
ِ ْ‫أ‬
Ò`ywbqvi hw` GKwU w`bI evwK _v‡K Z‡e Avjøvn †m w`bwU‡K `xN©vwqZ K‡i Avgvi eskai †_‡K GK e¨w³‡K †cÖiY
Ki‡eb hvi bvg I wcZvi bvg Avgvi bvg I Avgvi wcZvi bv‡gi gZB n‡e wZwb ivóªÿgZv MÖnY Ki‡eb, Avie‡ì Dci ivRZ¡
MÖnY Ki‡eb Ryjyg c~Y© c„w_ex‡K Bbmv‡d c~Y© Ki‡eb|Ó nv`xmwU mnxn| 604
wØZxq nv`xm: Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫ﯿن‬ِِ ُ ‫ت َﺠ ْوًار َوظُْﻠ ًﻤﺎ َﯿ ْﻤِﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻻ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ُﻤِﻠَﺌ‬ ً ‫ض ِﻗ ْﺴ‬ ِ ‫َﺠﻠَﻰ اْﻟ َﺠ ْﺒﻬ ِﺔ أَ ْﻗَﻨﻰ اﻷ َْﻨ‬
َ ‫ف َﯿ ْﻤﻸُ اﻷ َْر‬ ْ ‫ى ِﻤﱢﻨﻰ أ‬
‫اْﻟ َﻤ ْﻬِد ﱡ‬
َ ‫ك َﺴ ْﺒ َﻊ ﺴﻨ‬ ً ‫طﺎ َو َﻋ ْد‬ َ
Ògvn`x Avgvi (eskai) †_‡K, Zvi Kcvj Pzjgy³ (gv_vi m¤§yLfv‡M Pzj _vK‡e bv) Ges bvK wPKb| †m AZ¨vPv‡i cwic~Y©
`ywbqv‡K b¨vqcivqYZvq c~Y© Ki‡e| †m mvZ (Ab¨ eY©bvq: bq) eQi ivRZ¡ Ki‡e|Ó nv`xmwU mnxn|605
Z…Zxq nv`xm: D¤§y mvjvgv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
ٌ‫وﻨﻪُ َو ُﻫ َو َﻛ ِﺎرﻩ‬ ْ ‫ﺎس ِﻤ ْن أ‬
َ ‫َﻫ ِل َﻤ ﱠﻛ َﺔ َﻓ ُﯿ ْﺨ ِر ُﺠ‬ ِِ
ٌ ‫َﻓَﯿﺄْﺘﯿﻪ َﻨ‬ ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟ َﻤِد َﯿﻨ ِﺔ َﻫ ِﺎرًﺒﺎ ِإَﻟﻰ َﻤ ﱠﻛ َﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﯿﻔ ٍﺔ َﻓَﯿ ْﺨ ُرُج َر ُﺠ ٌل ِﻤ ْن أ‬
َ ‫ف ِﻋ ْﻨ َد َﻤ ْو ِت َﺨِﻠ‬ ٌ ‫ﻼ‬َ ِ‫اﺨﺘ‬
ْ ‫ون‬ ُ ‫َﯿ ُﻛ‬
‫ﺎس َذِﻟ َك أَﺘَﺎﻩُ أ َْﺒ َدا ُل‬ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
ُ ‫َﻤﻛ َﺔ َواْﻟ َﻤد َﯿﻨﺔ َﻓِﺈ َذا َأرَى اﻟﱠﻨ‬
ِ ‫ف ﺒِ ِﻬم ﺒِﺎْﻟَﺒ ْﯿ َد‬
‫اء َﺒ ْﯿ َن‬ ِ‫ﱠ‬
ْ ُ ‫ث ﻤ َن اﻟﺸﺎم َﻓُﯿ ْﺨ َﺴ‬
ِ ٌ ‫ث ِإَﻟ ْﯿ ِﻪ َﺒﻌ‬
ْ ُ ‫اﻟرْﻛ ِن َواْﻟ َﻤ َﻘ ِﺎم َوُﯿ ْﺒ َﻌ‬
‫وﻨﻪُ َﺒ ْﯿ َن ﱡ‬ َ ‫َﻓُﯿَﺒﺎﯿِ ُﻌ‬
‫َﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ ‫ون‬ ْ ‫ث ِإﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َﺒ ْﻌﺜًﺎ َﻓَﯿ‬
َ ‫ظ َﻬ ُر‬ ُ ‫ب ﻓََﯿ ْﺒ َﻌ‬
ٌ ‫َﺨ َواﻟُﻪُ َﻛْﻠ‬
ْ‫ش أ‬ ٍ ‫اﻟرْﻛ ِن واْﻟ َﻤﻘَ ِﺎم ﺜُﱠم َﯿ ْﻨ َﺸﺄُ َر ُﺠ ٌل ِﻤ ْن ﻗَُرْﯿ‬ َ ‫ق ﻓَُﯿَﺒﺎﯿِ ُﻌ‬ِ ‫َﻫ ِل اْﻟ ِﻌ َار‬ ُ ِ‫ﺼﺎﺌ‬ ِ
َ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺸﺎم َو َﻋ‬
َ ‫وﻨﻪُ َﺒ ْﯿ َن ﱡ‬ ْ‫ب أ‬
‫َوُﯿْﻠ ِﻘﻰ‬ -‫ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺴﻠم‬- ‫ﺎس ﺒِ ُﺴﱠﻨ ِﺔ َﻨ ِﺒﱢﯿ ِﻬ ْم‬ ِ ‫ﺎل وَﯿ ْﻌ َﻤ ُل ِﻓﻰ اﻟﱠﻨ‬ ِ ٍ
َ َ ‫ﯿﻤﺔَ َﻛْﻠب ﻓََﯿ ْﻘﺴ ُم اْﻟ َﻤ‬
ِ ِ ٍ ُ ‫وَذِﻟ َك َﺒ ْﻌ‬
َ ‫ث َﻛْﻠب َواْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿَﺒﺔُ ﻟ َﻤ ْن ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ْﺸﻬَ ْد َﻏﻨ‬ َ
ِ ِ ‫ﱢ‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ون‬
َ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻪ اْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠ ُﻤ‬ َ ‫ ﺜُﱠم ُﯿﺘَ َوﻓﱠﻰ َوُﯿ‬،‫ﯿن‬ َ ‫ ﺘ ْﺴ َﻊ ﺴﻨ‬/‫ﯿن‬ َ ‫ث َﺴ ْﺒ َﻊ ﺴﻨ‬ ُ ‫ض َﻓَﯿْﻠَﺒ‬ ِ ‫اﻹ ْﺴﻼَ ُم ﺒِ ِﺠ َراﻨﻪ ِإﻟَﻰ اﻷ َْر‬ ِ
ÒGKRb Ljxdvi g„Zzï mgq gZ‡f` n‡e| ZLb g`xbvi GKRb gvbyl cvwj‡q g°vq P‡j Avm‡e| ZLb g°vi wKQz
gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Q G‡m Zv‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡e| Zvi Awb”Qv I AcQ›` m‡Ë¡I Zviv nvRvi AvmIqv` I gvKvg Beivnx‡gi
gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b Zvi evBqvZ Ki‡e| wmwiqv †_‡K GKwU evwnbx Zvi weiæ‡× †cÖiY Kiv n‡e| g°v I g`xbvi gaëZ©x evB`v
bvgK ¯’v‡b G evwnbx f~wgaŸ‡m aŸsm n‡e| hLb gvby‡liv Zv †`L‡e ZLb wmwiqv †_‡K Ave`vjMY Ges BivK †_‡K
`‡j`‡j gvbyl G‡m nvRvi AvmIqv` I gvKvg Beivnx‡gi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b Zvi nv‡Z evBqvZ MÖnY Ki‡e| Gici KzivBk esk
†_‡K GKe¨w³ Zvi (gvn`xi) weiæ‡× ùvov‡e, hvi gvZzj n‡e Kvje es‡ki| G e¨w³ GKwU evwnbx Zvi (gvn`xi) weiæ‡×
†cÖiY Ki‡e| wKš‘ gvn`xi evwnbx Kvje †Mv‡Îi evwnbx‡K civwRZ Ki‡e| Kvje †Mv‡Îi MbxgZ (hy×jä m¤ú`) eÈ‡b †h
Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e bv †m `yf©vMv| ZLb †m (gvn`x) m¤ú` eÈb Ki‡e Ges gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì bexi () mybœvZ Abymv‡i Kg©
Ki‡e| Avi c„w_exi ey‡K Bmjvg mycÖwZwôZ n‡e| †m mvZ (Ab¨ eY©bvq: bq) ermi Gfv‡e _vK‡e| Gici †m g„ZzëiY
Ki‡e Ges gymwjgMY Zvi mvjvZzj Rvbvhv Av`vq Ki‡e|Ó
nv`xmwUi weï×Zvi wel‡q gynvwÏmMY gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvgv Bebyj KvBwqg I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm nv`xmwU‡K nvmvb
Ges mnxn ch©v‡qi e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÿvšÍ‡i kvBL Avjevbx nv`xmwU‡K hqxd e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| 606
PZz_© nv`xm: Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫ﯿﻪ أُ ﱠﻤﺘِﻲ ﻨِﻌﻤﺔً ﻟَم ﯿْﻨﻌﻤوا ِﻤ ْﺜﻠَﻬﺎ ﻗَ ﱡ‬
‫ط ﺘُ ْؤﺘَﻰ أُ ُﻛﻠَﻬَﺎ َوَﻻ ﺘَ ﱠد ِﺨ ُر ِﻤْﻨﻬُ ْم‬ ِ ‫ﺼر ﻓَﺴ ْﺒﻊ ٕوِا ﱠﻻ َﻓﺘِﺴﻊ ﻓَﺘَْﻨﻌم ِﻓ‬ ِ ِ ‫ون ِﻓﻲ أُ ﱠﻤﺘِﻲ اْﻟﻤ ْﻬ ِد ﱡ‬
َ َُ َ ْ َْ َُ ٌ ْ َ ٌ َ َ ُ‫ي إ ْن ﻗ‬ َ ُ ‫َﯿ ُﻛ‬
‫ول ُﺨ ْذ‬ُ ُ‫َﻋ ِطﻨِﻲ ﻓََﯿﻘ‬
ْ‫يأ‬‫اﻟر ُﺠ ُل ﻓََﯿﻘُو ُل َﯿﺎ َﻤ ْﻬ ِد ﱡ‬
‫وم ﱠ‬
ُ ُ‫وس ﻓََﯿﻘ‬
ٍِ
ٌ ‫َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ َواْﻟ َﻤﺎ ُل َﯿ ْو َﻤﺌذ ُﻛ ُد‬
ÒAvgvi D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ gvn`x Avm‡e| Kg n‡j mvZ (eQi), bv n‡j bq (eQi)| ZLb Avgvi D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ wbqvgZ
me©Rbxb n‡e| Zviv Ggbf‡e cªvPzh© I wbqvgZ †fvM Ki‡e hv Zviv B‡Zvc~‡e© KL‡bvB †fvM K‡i wb| D¤§vZ‡K mKj cÖvPzh©
†Ìqv n‡e Ges gvn`x Zv‡ì‡K bv w`‡q wKQzB mwÂZ K‡i ivL‡e bv| ZLb m¤ú` n‡e AdzišÍ| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` e‡j, †n
gvn`x, Avgv‡K cÖ`vb Kiæb Z‡e gvn`x ej‡e: Zzwg wb‡q hvI|Ó nv`xmwU nvmvb| 607
cÂg nv`xm: D¤§y mvjvgv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
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ِ ‫ي ِﻤ ْن ِﻋ ْﺘرﺘِﻲ ِﻤ ْن وَﻟِد َﻓ‬

َ‫ﺎط َﻤﺔ‬ ‫اْﻟ َﻤ ْﻬِد ﱡ‬
َ َ
Ògvn`x Avgvi es‡ki, dvwZgvi eskai †_‡K|Ó nv`xmwU mnxn| 608
lô nv`xm: mvIevb (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﱡود ِﻤ ْن ِﻗَﺒ ِل اْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ِر‬ ْ َ‫اﺤٍد ِﻤْﻨﻬُ ْم ﺜُﱠم ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﯿر ِإﻟَﻰ و‬ ِ ٍ ِ ‫ﱡ‬ ِ ِ
‫وﻨ ُﻛ ْم َﻗﺘْ ًﻼ َﻟ ْم‬
َ ُ‫ق َﻓَﯿ ْﻘﺘُﻠ‬ ُ ‫ﺎت اﻟﺴ‬ ُ ‫اﻟرَاﯿ‬‫طﻠُ ُﻊ ﱠ‬ َ ُ ‫َﯿ ْﻘﺘَﺘ ُل ﻋْﻨ َد َﻛْﻨ ِزُﻛ ْم ﺜَ َﻼﺜَﺔٌ ُﻛﻠﻬُ ْم ْاﺒ ُن َﺨﻠ َﯿﻔﺔ ﺜُﱠم َﻻ َﯿ‬
‫ﺎل ﻓَِﺈ َذا َأرَْﯿﺘُ ُﻤوﻩُ َﻓَﺒﺎﯿِ ُﻌوﻩُ َوَﻟ ْو َﺤْﺒ ًوا َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﺜﱠْﻠ ِﺞ ﻓَِﺈﱠﻨﻪُ َﺨِﻠﯿﻔَﺔُ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ اْﻟ َﻤ ْﻬِد ﱡ‬
‫ي‬ َ َ‫َﺤﻔَظُﻪُ ﻓَﻘ‬
ْ ‫ُﯿ ْﻘَﺘْﻠﻪُ ﻗَ ْوٌم ﺜُﱠم َذ َﻛَر َﺸْﯿًﺌﺎ َﻻ أ‬
Ò†Zvgv‡ì msiwÿZ m¤ú` wb‡q wZb e¨w³ jovB Ki‡e, wZbRbB Ljxdvi mšÍvb| Zv‡ì wZbR‡bi GKRbI Zv AwaKvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Gici c~e© w`K †_‡K Kvj cZvKvmg~‡ni D`q n‡e, ZLb Zviv †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ggbfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡e †hfv‡e
B‡Zvc~‡e© †KD K‡i wb| Gici wZwb wKQz ej‡jb, hv Avwg g‡b ivL‡Z cvwi wb| Gici e‡jb: hLb †Zvgiv Zv †`L‡e ZLb Zvi
evBqvZ Ki‡e| ei‡di Dc‡i nvgv¸wo w`‡q n‡jI evBqvZ Ki‡e; KviY †mB Avjøvni Ljxdv gvn`x|Ó Bgvg evhhvi, nvwKg
bvBmvc~ix, hvnvex, e~mxix, myq~Zx I Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm nv`xmwU‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb| Avjevbx nv`xmwU †kl evK¨wU‡K hqxd
e‡j‡Qb| 609
eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ K‡qKwU nv`xm Bgvg gvn`x cÖvmw½K e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb AvwjgMY| Ave~ ûivBiv (iv)
e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫ﺎﻤ ُﻛ ْم ِﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛ ْم‬ ِ ِ
ُ ‫ف أ َْﻨﺘُ ْم إ َذا َﻨ َز َل ْاﺒ ُن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم ﻓﯿ ُﻛ ْم َ ٕوِا َﻤ‬
َ ‫َﻛ ْﯿ‬
Ò†Zvgiv wK Rvb †Zvgv‡ì Kx Ae¯’v n‡e hLb gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmv hLb †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ AeZiY Ki‡eb Avi ZLb
†Zvgv‡ì ÔBgvgÕ n‡eb †Zvgv‡ìB ga¨Kvi GKRb|Ó 610
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Rvwei Beb Avãyjøvn (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
ِ ‫ﺎﻤ ِﺔ‬ ِ ِ َ ‫ق‬ ِ ِ ‫طﺎﺌِ َﻔﺔٌ ِﻤ ْن‬
َ ‫ َﻓَﯿ ْﻨ ِز ُل ﻋ‬- ‫ﺎل‬
‫ﺼﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬- ‫ﯿﺴﻰ ْاﺒ ُن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم‬ َ ‫ َﻗ‬- َ ‫ﯿن ِإَﻟﻰ َﯿ ْوِم اْﻟﻘَﯿ‬
َ ‫ظﺎﻫ ِر‬ ‫ون َﻋَﻠﻰ اْﻟ َﺤ ﱢ‬َ ُ‫أُ ﱠﻤﺘﻰ ُﯿ َﻘﺎﺘﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻻَ ﺘََاز ُل‬
.‫ﺘَ ْﻛ ِرَﻤ َﺔ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻫِذ ِﻩ اﻷُ ﱠﻤ َﺔ‬ .‫اء‬ُ ‫ُﻤ َر‬
َ‫ض أ‬ ٍ ‫ﻀ ُﻛ ْم َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺒ ْﻌ‬ َ ‫ َﻓَﯿﻘُو ُل‬.‫ﺼ ﱢل َﻟَﻨﺎ‬
َ ‫ ِإ ﱠن َﺒ ْﻌ‬.‫ﻻ‬ َ ‫ﺎل‬
َ ‫ﯿرُﻫ ْم ﺘَ َﻌ‬ ِ
ُ ‫ َﻓَﯿﻘُو ُل أَﻤ‬-‫وﺴﻠم‬
ÒAvgvi D¤§v‡Zi wKQz gvbyl n‡°i Dc‡i weRqx †_‡K jovB K‡i Pj‡e wKqvgZ ch©šÍ| wZwb e‡jb: AZtci
gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmv (Av) AeZiY Ki‡eb ZLb Zv‡ì Avgxi ej‡e: Avmyb Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Bgvg n‡q mvjvZ Av`vq Kiæb|
wZwb ej‡eb: bv, Avcbviv G‡K Ac‡ii Dci Avgxi, GwU G D¤§v‡Zi Rb¨ Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K m¤§vbbv|Ó 611
G mKj nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K AvwjgMY e‡jb †h, Bgvg gvn`xi mg‡qB Cmv (Av) AeZiY Ki‡eb Ges ZuviB
BgvgwZ‡Z wZwb mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡eb|
Dc‡ii nv`xm¸‡jv †_‡K Avgiv wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv Rvb‡Z cvwi:
(K) ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ ej‡Z GKRb †n`vqvZcÖvß ivóªcÖavb eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| whwb ivóªÿgZv MÖnY K‡i we‡k¦ cÖvPzh©, kvwšÍ,
Bbmvd I Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
(L) wZwb ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi eskai Ges 7 ev 9 ermi ivRZ¡ Ki‡eb|
(M) Zvi ivRZ¡Kv‡jB Cmv (Av) AeZiY Ki‡eb|
(N) Zvi BgvgZ, wLjvdZ ev kvmb Avie‡`k †Kw›`ªK n‡e|
(O) Zvi ÿgZvMÖn‡Yi c~‡e© ÿgZv wb‡q hy×weMÖn n‡e| evBZzjøvni cv‡k Zvi evBqvZ n‡e| wmwiqv, BivK I c~e©w`K
†_‡K Zvi c‡ÿ †hv×viv Avm‡e|
(P) G ivóªcÖav‡bi ÿgZvMÖnY, evBqvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q gywg‡bi †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ †bB| G¸‡jv NU‡e e‡j ivm~jyjøvn ()
Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Z‡e hLb Zvi we‡ivax ‰mbëvwnbx f~wgaŸ‡m aŸsm n‡e, wmwiqv, BivK I c~e© w`‡Ki †mbvevwnbx Zuvi evwnbx‡Z
†hvM w`‡e Ges mvgwMÖKfv‡e Zvi KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡e ev gymwjg D¤§vn Zuv‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡e, ZLb gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡
ivóªcÖavb wn‡m‡e Zuvi evBqvZ Kiv| GRb¨ Bgvg gvn`x cÖm‡½ Bgvg mywdqvb mvIix e‡jb:
‫ﻟو ﻤر ﺒﺒﺎﺒك ﻓﻼ ﺘﺒﺎﯿﻌﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﯿﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﯿﻪ‬
hw` wZwb †Zvgvi ìRv w`‡q Mgb K‡ib ZeyI Zzwg Zuvi evBqvZ Ki‡e bv; hZÿY bv mKj gvbyl Zuvi wel‡q GKgZ
612
nq|
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9. 6. Bgvg gvn`x `vwe`viMY
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbvq Avgiv †`wL †h, hy‡M hy‡M A‡bK gvbyl wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Qb Ges `ªæZ
Ryjyg-AbvPvi `~i K‡i Bbmvdc~Y© Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Av‡e‡M A_ev ¯^cœ I Kvk‡di M‡í A‡b‡KB Zvi f³ n‡q wM‡q‡Qb| me
¯^cœ †kl n‡q wM‡q‡Q| AKvi‡Y A‡bK gvbyl weåvšÍ n‡q‡Qb ev i³ w`‡q‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi eB¸‡jv NvU‡j Giƒc K‡qK nvRvi
cÖwm× ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ-i cwiPq cvIqv hvq| GLv‡b Aí K‡qKR‡bi bvg D‡jøL KiwQ|
(1) gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjøvn Bebyj nvmvb nvmvbx: Avb- bvdmym hvwKq¨vn (93-145 wn)| wZwb Avjx-es‡ki Ab¨Zg
†kÖô Avwjg, Avwe` I exi wQ‡jb| AveŸvmx wLjvdZ cÖwZôvi Av‡M bex-es‡ki wLjvd‡Zi bv‡g AveŸvmx †bZ…e„›` Zuvi
nv‡ZB evBqvZ K‡ib| wKš‘ 132 wnRix‡Z DgvBqvM‡Yi cZ‡bi ci AveŸvmxMY ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib| wØZxq AveŸvmx Ljxdv
gvbm~i (136-158 wn) Zv‡K †MÖdZv‡ii †Póv K‡ib| wZwb jywK‡q _vKvi Kvi‡Y Ljxdvi evwnbx Zuvi wcZv I AvZ¥xq-
¯^Rb‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i Ges wbh©vZb K‡i nZ¨v K‡ib| G ch©v‡q wZwb we‡`ªvn K‡ib| g`xbv, emiv I Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b Zuv‡K
Ljxdv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq| wKš‘ AveŸvmx †mbvevwnbx 145 wnRix‡Z Zv‡K civwRZ I nZ¨v Ki‡Z mÿg nq| ZrKvjxb
A‡bK †bKKvi eyRyM© Zvweqx I Zvwe-Zvweqx Avwjg Zv‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j wek¦vm K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi we‡`ªv‡n AskMÖnY
K‡ib| 613
(2) Z…Zxq AveŸvmx Ljxdv gvn`x (Rb¥: 127, wLjvdvZ: 158-169 wn)| wZwb wØZxq AveŸvmx Ljxdv Ave~ Rvdi gvbm~‡ii
cyÎ| gbm~‡ii g~j bvg Avãyjøvn| wZwb cy‡Îi bvg iv‡Lb gynv¤§v`| gvbm~‡ii g„Zzï ci gvn`x Ljxdv nb| wZwb wb‡R‡K Bgvg
gvn`x e‡j `vwe Ki‡Zb| Zvi G `vexi c‡ÿ wKQz `ye©j nv`xmI we`¨gvb, †h¸‡jv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Bgvg gvn`x AveŸv‡mi
eskai n‡eb|614
(3) ûmvBb Beb hvKivIqvBwn Beb gvnivIqvBwn (291 wn)| wZwb wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe K‡ib| wZwb wmwiqvi
wewfbœ †`k `Lj K‡i jyUcvU I MYnZ¨v Pvjvb| me©‡kl AveŸvmx Ljxdv gyKZvdx wejøvn wb‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ Awfhvb Pvwj‡q GB Bgvg
gvn`xi evwnbx‡K civwRZ K‡ib I Zv‡K g„Zz¨`Ð cÖ`vb K‡ib| 615
(4) DevB`yjøvn Beb gvBg~b KvÏvn (259-322 wn)| Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki †kl cÖv‡šÍ 296 wnRix mv‡j wZwb wb‡R‡K
Bgvg gvn`x e‡j cÖPvi K‡ib| KvB‡ivqv‡b 297 wnRix‡Z Zuvi Abymvixiv Bgvg gvn`x I Bgv‡g hvgvb wn‡m‡e Zvi nv‡Z evBqvZ
MÖnY K‡i| `ªæZ Zviv gi‡°vq Zv‡ì ÔdvwZgxÕ ivRZ¡ cÖwZôv K‡ib| 358 wnRix‡Z Zvi eskai wgmi `Lj K‡ib| cÖvq `yB
kZvãx ci 567 wnRix mv‡j mvjvûÏxb AvBDexi nv‡Z wgm‡ii dvwZgx kxqv gvn`x ivR‡Z¡i cZb N‡U|616
(5) ûmvBb Beb gvbm~i nvjøvR (309 wn)| wZwb m~dx I `vk©wbK wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R‡K Avjøvni g‡a¨
dvbvcÖvß I evKv cÖvß Ijx, A‡jŠwKK ÿgZvi AwaKvix, bZzb kZvãxi gyRvwÏ`, Bgvg gvn`x BZ¨vw` `vwe K‡ib| Zuvi Abymvixiv
Zuvi eû A‡jŠwKK ÿgZvi K_v cÖPvi K‡i| 309 wn. mv‡j Zv‡K g„Zz¨`Ð cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Z‡e Zuvi Abymvixiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h,
wZwb wbnZ nb wb, eis Zuvi GKRb kÎæ‡K Zvi AvK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i A`„k¨ n‡q wM‡q‡Qb|617
(6) Avj-gywqh&h Bebyj gvbm~i: gvAv` Beb BmgvCj Beb DevB`yjøvn dvwZgx (365 wn)| c~‡e©v³ DevB`yjøvn Beb
gvBg~b-Gi †cŠÎ| wZwb wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x wn‡m‡e `vwe K‡ib| wZwb K‡qK w`b wbR©‡b _v‡Kb Ges `vwe K‡ib †h, wZwb
G mg‡q Avi‡k Avjøvni mv‡_ wQ‡jb| Zvi Abymvixiv Zvi AMwYZ KvivgZ cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨
Zvi Mfxi cÖfve c‡o| wZwb µgvš^‡q wgmi `Lj K‡i KvB‡iv kni cÖwZôv K‡ib| 618
(7) evwjqv (484 wn)| G e¨w³ kqZvb-mvaK I †R¨vwZlx (astrologer) wQj| gvbyl‡ì‡K A‡bK †fwé †`wL‡q 483 wn.
mv‡j `vwe K‡i †h, †mB Bgvg gvn`x| Zv‡K †h Awek¦vm Ki‡e †m Kvwdi| mvaviY gvby‡liv A‡b‡KB Zv‡K wek¦vm K‡i Zvi `‡j
†hvM †`q| †m emiv AÂ‡j A‡bK kni I MÖvg `Lj K‡i jyUcvU I AwMœms‡hvM K‡i| G eQ‡iiB †kl cÖv‡šÍ †m a„Z I wbnZ
nq| 619
(8) gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjøvn Beb ZvIgviZ (485-524 wn)| 6ô wnRix kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z g‡iv‡°vq wZwb Avwjg, Avwe` I
Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× mvnmx KÉ¯î wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R‡K Avjxi eskai I Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe I cÖPvi K‡ib|
`ªæZ Zuvi Abymvix evo‡Z _v‡K| g‡iv‡°vi kvmK Beb Zvkdx‡bi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn K‡i Ôweï×Õ Bmjvgx ivó cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wZwb
Abymvix‡ì‡K DØy× Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ivóª `L‡ji Av‡MB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| Zvi mv_x I Ljxdv Avãyj gywgb gi‡°vi kvmbÿgZv `Lj
K‡i bZzb ivRes‡ki ivRZ¡ cÖwZôv K‡ib|620
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(9) Avng` Beb Avãyjøvn Beb nvwkg gyjvm&mvg (658-740 wn)| wgm‡i dKxn, Avwe`, m~dx I Ijx wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf
K‡ib| GKch©v‡q 689 mv‡j wZwb wb‡R‡K gvn`x wn‡m‡e `vwe K‡ib| wZwb Zvi KvivgZ I nvj m¤ú‡K© Avjøvni bv‡g kc_ K‡i
A‡bK `vwe-`vIqv K‡ib| wZwb `vwe K‡ib †h, wZwb gnvb Avjøvn‡K ¯^‡cœ †`‡Lb I Zuvi mv‡_ K_v e‡jb, Zv‡K gnvb Avjøvni
Kv‡Q Avmgv‡b wb‡q hvIqv nq Ges wZwb Zv‡K gvn`x wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb| GQvov A‡bK `vwe-`vIqv wZwb I Zvi Abymvixiv
K‡ib| Zv‡K K‡qKevi Kviviæ× Kiv nq|
(10) kvBL Aveyj AveŸvm Avngv` Beb Avãyjøvn mvjRvgvmx, Beb gnvjøx (967-1022 wn)| gi‡°vi mycÖwm× dKxn I
m~dx wQ‡jb| cÖ_g Rxe‡b wZwb wdK‡n cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡ib| Gici wZwb ZvmvD‡di wewfbœ ZixKvq Abykxjb K‡i Kvkd-
KvivgZ m¤úbœ m~dx wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| Zvi KvivgZ I Bev`‡Zi cÖwmw×i Kvi‡Y `‡j`‡j gvbyl Zvi f³ n‡q hvq| wZwb
mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Ab¨vq, Ryjyg I cvcvPv‡ii weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| GKch©v‡q wZwb wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe K‡ib| wZwb
cvcx I Rvwjg kvmK‡ì weiæ‡× wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g weï× Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi †Póv ïiæ K‡ib| g‡iv‡°vi ZrKvjxb kvm‡Ki
evwnbx‡K wewfbœ hy‡× civwRZ K‡i wZwb mvjRvgvmv kni AwaKvi K‡ib Ges Z_vq wZb ermi ivRZ¡ K‡ib| wZwb Bbmvd
cÖwZôvi †Póv K‡ib| 1022 wnRix‡Z GK hy‡× wZwb civwRZ I wbnZ nb| gi‡°v kn‡ii cÖvPx‡i Zvi I Zvi K‡qKRb Nwbó
f‡³i KwZ©Z gv_v cÖvq 12 ermi Szjv‡bv wQj| Zvi Abymvixiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, wZwb wbnZ nb wb, eis wZwb jywK‡q i‡q‡Qb
Ges h_vmg‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡eb| cieZ©x K‡qKkZ ermi ch©šÍ A‡bK gvbyl Giƒc wek¦vm †cvlY Ki‡Zb|621
(11) gynv¤§v` Avng` Beb Avãyjøvn (1259-1302wn/1885L„)| my`v‡bi mycÖwm× m~dx I Bgvg gvn`x| my`v‡bi
ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡m Zuvi cÖfve my`~i cÖmvix| wdKn I Ab¨vb¨ Bmjvgx Áv‡b cvi`wk©Zv AR©‡bi ci wZwb ZvmvD‡di Abykxjb,
Bev`Z-e‡›`wM Ges wkÿv cÖPv‡i g‡bvwb‡e‡k K‡ib| µgvš^‡q Zvi f³-gyix‡ì msL¨v evo‡Z _v‡K| wZwb kvmK‡ì AbvPvi
†_‡K †`k‡K cweÎ Kivi `vIqvZ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| 1298 wn/1881 L„÷v‡ã wZwb wb‡R‡K cÖwZkÖæZ Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe K‡ib|
my`v‡bi Avwjg‡ì cÎ wj‡L Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb| wZwb Ôì‡ekÕ Dcvwa‡Z AvL¨vwqZ Zuvi Abymvix‡ì‡K
my`v‡bi mKj AÂ‡j wRnv‡ì `vIqvZ w`‡Z †cÖiY K‡ib| wgmi-my`v‡bi miKvix evwnbx I e„wUk evwnbx A‡bKevi gvn`xi
evwnbx‡K wbg©~j Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ g~jZ G mKj evwnbx †kvPbxqfv‡e civ¯Í nq| mgMÖ my`vb gvn`xi wbqš¿‡Y P‡j Av‡m|
Z‡e Aí wKQz„ w`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb emšÍ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Zvi ¯’jvwfwl³ I Abymvixiv Zv‡ì ivRZ¡ msiÿ‡Yi
†Póv K‡ib| Z‡e Aí mg‡qB Zviv civwRZ nb Ges my`vb I wgmi e„wU‡ki Aax‡b P‡j hvq| 622
(12) Avjx gynv¤§v` Beb wgihv wi`v kxivhx (1266 wn/ 1850L„)| evweq¨v evnvqx gZev‡ì g~j cÖwZôvZv| Biv‡bi
kxivh cÖ‡`‡k Zvi Rb¥| msmvi Z¨vM, mvabv, NÈvi ci NÈv †iŠ‡`ª Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` Øviv wZwb cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| wZwb
wb‡R‡K cÖ_‡g ÔAvj-eveÕ A_©vr ìRv Dcvwa‡Z AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| Gici wZwb wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe K‡ib|
¯^fveZB A‡bK gvbyl Zvi Abymvix I f³ n‡q hvq| me©‡kl wZwb mKj a‡g©i mgš^‡q bZzb GK a‡g©i D™¢veb K‡ib| Zvi
G bZzb ag© mgv‡R A‡bK nvbvnvwb m„wó K‡i| 1850 L„÷v‡ã Zv‡K g„Zz¨`Ð cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 623
(13) wgh©v †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbx (1840-1908L„)| Kvw`qvbx a‡g©i cÖwZôvZv| †m cÖ_g w`‡K m~dx ì‡ek I Kvkd-
Kvivg‡Zi AwaKvix wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖwZôv K‡i| Bmjv‡gi c‡ÿ wn›`y I L„÷vb‡ì weiæ‡× e³e¨ I eBcÎ wj‡L e„wUk kvwmZ
gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i| wn›`y I L„÷vb‡ì cÖwZev‡ì bv‡g 1880 mv‡j evivnxb Avngvw`qv bvgK MÖš’wUi cÖ_g
LÐ cÖKvk K‡i| MÖš’wU g~jZ Zvi wb‡Ri Kvkd I Kvivg‡Zi `vwe-`vIqvq cwic~©Y| µgvš^‡q Zvi `vwe-`vIqv evo‡Z _v‡K|
1302 wnRi mv‡j (1885L„) †m wb‡R‡K PZz`©k wnRix kZ‡Ki gyRvwÏ` e‡j `vwe K‡i| 1891 mv‡j †m wb‡R‡K Bgvg gvn`x
e‡j `vwe K‡i| Gici wb‡R‡K Cmv gvmxn e‡j `vex K‡i| Gici wb‡R‡K Inx-cÖvß Qvqv bex e‡j `vwe K‡i| me©‡kl 1901
mv‡j †m wb‡R‡K wZb jÿ gywRhv cÖvß c~Y© bex e‡j `vwe K‡i| 1908 L„÷v‡ã K‡jivq AvµvšÍ n‡q Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| 624
(14) gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjøvn KvnZvbx (1400 wn/1979 L„)| 1400 wnRix mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡b (19/11/79) G gvn`xi
Avwef©ve| RynvBgvb DZvBex bvgK GKRb †mŠw` avwg©K hyeK mgv‡Ri Ab¨vq Aeÿ‡qi weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| †mŠw` Avi‡ei
cÖwm× AvwjgMY Zv‡K fvjevm‡Zb| µgvš^‡q RynvBgv‡bi Av‡›`vj‡b A‡bK wkwÿZ I avwg©K hyeK Ask MÖnY K‡ib| GKch©v‡q
RynvBgv‡bi GKRb AvZ¥xq gynv¤§v` Beb Avãyjøvn KvnZvbx‡K wZwb cÖwZkÖæZ Bgvg gvn`x wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| KvnZvbx wb‡R
Ges Zvi A‡bK Abymvix ¯^‡cœ †`L‡Z _v‡Kb †h, ivm~jyjøvn () ¯^qs KvnZvbx‡K ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ e‡j Rvbv‡”Qb| Gfv‡e ¯^‡cœi
gva¨‡g Zviv mywbwðZ nb †h KvnZvbxB Bgvg gvn`x| †h‡nZz †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Kvev kix‡di cv‡k nvRv‡i
AvmIqv` I gvKv‡g Beivnx‡gi gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b gvn`xi evBqvZ n‡e, GRb¨ Zviv 1400 wnRixi cÖ_g w`‡b G evBqvZ m¤úbœ Kivi
wm×všÍ †bb| A‡bK¸‡jv jv‡ki Kwd‡bi g‡a¨ A¯¿ f‡i 1/1/1400 (19/11/79) dR‡ii mgq Zviv gmwR`yj nviv‡g cÖ‡ek
K‡ib| mvjv‡Zi ci Zviv gmwR` Ae‡iva K‡ib Ges Bgvg I gymjøx‡ì‡K Bgvg gvn`xi evBqvZ MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib| †mŠw`
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miKvix evwnbx `xN© 15 w`b cÖvYvšÍ cÖ‡Póvi ci Aeiæ× gvmvwR`yj nvivg gy³ K‡ib| Bgvg gvn`x I Zvi A‡bK AbyPi
wbnZ nq| GQvov A‡bK nvRx I gymjøxI Dfq c‡ÿi †Mvjv¸wji g‡a¨ wbnZ nb|
(15) ûmvBb Beb g~mv ûmvBb Avj-jynvB`x| eZ©gvb hy‡Mi ÔBgvg gvn`xM‡YiÕ GKRb| wZwb Kz‡q‡Zi Awaevmx| hyeK
eq‡m cvcvPv‡ii c‡_ wQ‡jb| Gici wZwb Bev`Z-e‡›`wM I wbR©bZvi g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| mgv‡Ri Aeÿ‡qi ARynv‡Z
gmwR‡` mvjvZ Av`vq eR©b K‡ib| GKch©v‡q wZwb `vwe K‡ib †h wZwb Bgvg gvn`x, Zvi Kv‡Q Avjøvni Inx I Bjnvg Av‡m|
bó mgvR cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q A‡bK K_v wZwb e‡jb| d‡j A‡b‡KB Zvi f³ n‡q c‡o‡Q| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, mnxn
nv`xm¸‡jv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖwZkÖæZ gvn`xi bvg I wcZvi bvg ivm~jyjøvn ()ÑGi gZB n‡e| G welqwU cÖgvY K‡i †h, jynvB`x
gvn`x bq| GRb¨ Gi e¨vL¨vq jynvB`x cÖPvi K‡i †h, G mKj nv`x‡m g~jZ ivm~jyjøvn - Gi cybivMg‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
wZwb cybiæ¾xweZ n‡q Kei †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡eb| eZ©gv‡b ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Zvi A‡bK f³ Abymvix we`¨gvb| cvkvcvwk ga¨cÖv‡Pï
AvwjgMY Zvi weåvwšÍ¸‡jv cÖKvk K‡i A‡bK MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
9. 7. weåvwšÍi KviY I cÖwZKvi
BwZnv‡m G RvZxq kZ kZ ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ-i mÜvb cvIqv hvq hv‡ì gva¨‡g nvRvi nvRvi gymwjg weåvšÍ n‡q‡Qb,
nZ¨vKvix ev wbnZ n‡q‡Qb Ges A‡b‡K Cgvbnviv n‡q‡Qb| gvn`x `vwe`vi I Zv‡ì Abymvix‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK fÐ I
cÖZviK _vK‡jI Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK Avwjg, Avwe` I †bKKvi gvbylI wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì weåvwšÍi wcQ‡b wZbwU †gŠwjK KviY
Kvh©Ki e‡j Avgiv †`wL:
(1) mgvR cwieZ©‡bi AÜ Av‡eM| mKj mgv‡RB cvc I Ryjyg we`¨gvb| cvcvPvix, Rvwjg I ag©nxb‡ì msL¨v memgqB
avwg©K‡ì †P‡q eû¸Y †ewk| Av‡eMx avwg©K gvbyl, we‡klZ hyeK, G mKj Ab¨vq `~i K‡i ÔAv`k©Õ mgvR cÖwZôvi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb|
¯^vfvweKfv‡e Bjg cÖmvi I `vIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g mgvR cwieZ©b ÔKóKiÕ, Ô`xN© mgq mv‡cÿÕ I ÔAm¤¢eÕ e‡j g‡b nq| GRb¨
ÔwRnv`Õ ev ÔBgvg gvn`xÕ welqwU LyeB AvKl©Yxq e‡j MY¨ K‡ib AwaKvsk Av‡eMx avwg©K gvbyl| d‡j G RvZxq †Kv‡bv K_v ïb‡j
evQwePvi bv K‡iB kixK n‡q hvb Zviv|
Aóg-beg kZ‡Ki mycÖwm× HwZnvwmK I mgvRweÁvbx Beb Lvj`~b Avãyi ivngvb Beb gynv¤§v` (732-808 wn) gvn`xi
cÖZ¨vkvq kxqv I m~dxM‡Yi wewfbœ gZ Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb †h, gvn`xi aviYvi mv‡_ gyRvwÏ‡ì aviYv wgwkÖZ n‡q wM‡q‡Q|
mK‡jB A‡cÿv K‡ib, GB †Zv gyRvwÏ` ev gvn`x G‡m ag©, †`k, RvwZ I mgvR‡K fvj K‡i †dj‡eb| 625 G¸‡jv meB cjvqbx
g‡bve„wËi cÖKvk| djvd‡ji wPšÍv bv K‡i `xb cvjb I cÖPv‡ii `vwqZ¡ mva¨gZ AvÄvg †ÌqvB gywg‡bi KvR| `ywbqvq djvdj
hv-B †nvK bv †Kb Giƒc `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g gywgb AvwLiv‡Zi AdzišÍ wbqvgZ I gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| gvn`x ev gyRvwÏ`
AbymÜvb ev Abymi‡Yi bv‡g gywgb g~jZ wb‡Ri G `vwqZ¡ †_‡K cvwj‡q †eovb|
(2) ¯^cœ-Kvk‡di Dci wbf©i Kiv| gvn`x `vwe`vi AwaKvsk e¨w³ I Zvi AbymvixMY Avjøvni Kmg K‡i `vwe
K‡i‡Qb †h, Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~j () D³ e¨w³‡K gvn`x e‡j ¯^‡cœ ev Kvkd-Bjnv‡gi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Avi
ivm~jyjøvn ()-‡K ¯^‡cœ †`Lvi K_v ïb‡jB gywgb `ye©j n‡q c‡ob| A_P ivm~jyjøvn () e‡j‡Qb †h, kqZvb Zuvi AvK…wZ
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Zuvi bvg a‡i RvwjqvwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv- Zv wZwb e‡jb wb| ¯^‡cœ hw` Zuv‡K ûeû `ywbqvi AvK…wZ‡Z
†`Lv hvq Z‡eB Zuv‡K †`Lv e‡j MY¨ n‡e| ZviciI ¯^‡cœi e³e¨ Abyaveb I e¨vL¨vi AeKvk iv‡L| GQvov ¯^‡cœ ev RvMÖZ
Ae¯’vq kqZvb wb‡R‡K ivm~jyjøvn () `vwe K‡i wg_¨v ej‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Z, gymwjg‡ì weåvwšÍi Ab¨Zg KviY ¯^cœ, Bjnvg
BZ¨vw`‡K `x‡bi `jxj wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|
wewfbœ nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi †h, †kl hy‡M GKRb b¨vqcivqY myc_cÖvß ivóªcÖavb gymwjg wek¦ kvmb
Ki‡eb| wKš‘ wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Bgvg gvn`x e‡j `vwe Kivi cÖgvY Kx? hw` Kv‡iv bvg, wcZvi bvg, esk, AvK…wZ,
evBZzjøvni cv‡k evBqvZ MÖnY BZ¨vw` me wg‡j hvq ZviciI Zv‡K Ôgvn`xÕ e‡j wek¦vm Kivi †Kv‡bviƒc `jxj †bB| KviY
gvn`xi g‡a¨ G mKj êwkó¨ _vK‡e, wKš‘ G mKj êwkó¨ _vK‡jB wZwb gvn`x bb|
†Kv‡bv nv`x‡m †Kv‡bvfv‡e ejv nq wb †h, gnvb Avjøvn KvD‡K gvn`x ev gyRvwÏ` wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K welqwU Rvwb‡q
w`‡eb| Kv‡RB whwb wb‡R‡K gvn`x ev gyRvwÏ` e‡j `vwe K‡ib wZwb wbtm‡›`‡n wg_¨vPvix cÖZviK ev cÖZvwiZ| wZwb wKfv‡e
Rvb‡jb †h, wZwb gvn`x ev gyRvwÏ`? GKgvÎ Inxi gva¨‡gB Kv‡iv wel‡q Avjøvni wm×všÍ Rvbv hvq| bexMY Inxi gva¨‡g Zuv‡ì
byeyIqv‡Zi K_v †R‡b‡Qb| G mKj `vwe`vi wKfv‡e Zv‡ì wel‡q Avjøvni wm×všÍ Rvb‡jb?
mvaviYZ Zviv Inxi `vwe K‡ib bv; KviY Zv‡Z gymwjg mgv‡R Zviv fÐ bex e‡j MY¨ n‡eb| GRb¨ Zviv ¯^cœ ev
Kvk‡di gva¨‡g Zv Rvbvi `vwe K‡ib| mijcÖvY gymwjgMY G‡Z cÖZvwiZ nb| A_P ¯^cœ ev Kvk‡di gva¨‡g Kv‡iv gvn`x ev
gyRvwÏ` nIqvi `vwe Kiv Avi Inxi jv‡fi `vwe GKB| KviY †h e¨w³ Zvi ¯^cœ ev Kvk‡di welq‡K wb‡Ri ev A‡bï wek¦v‡mi
welq evwb‡q wb‡q‡Qb wZwb wbtm‡›`‡n Zvi ¯^cœ ev Kvkd‡K bex‡ì ¯^‡cœi gZ Inxi mg-ch©v‡qi e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Qb| Abyiƒcfv‡e
Kv‡iv gvn`x ev gyRvwÏ` nIqvi ¯^cœ-Kvkd wbf©i `vwe wek¦vm Kivi A_© gynv¤§v` ()-Gi c‡i KvD‡K InxcÖvß e‡j wek¦vm Kiv|
gvn`x I Ab¨ mKj wel‡q gywgb ïay KziAvb I nv`x‡mi K_vq wek¦vm K‡ib| gvn`x I wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ welqK
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Contents
nv`xm¸‡jv eY©bvg~jK| f~wgaŸm n‡e, cvnvo ¯’vbPy¨Z n‡e... Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi gZ gvn`xi ivRZ¡I Avm‡e| wKqvg‡Zi †Kv‡bv
AvjvgZ NwU‡q †Ìqvi `vwqZ¡ gywg‡bi bq| Ab¨vb¨ Avjvg‡Zi gZ G †ÿ‡ÎI N‡U hvIqvi c‡i gywgb ej‡eb †h, AvjvgZwU
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| hLb †Kv‡bv kvm‡Ki wel‡q nv`x‡m wb‡`©wkZ mKj AvjvgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡e Ges gymwjgMY Zv‡K gvn`x ivóªcÖavb
wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡eb ZLbB gywgb Zv‡K †g‡b wb‡eb|
gywg‡bi nqZ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i †h, gvn`x‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡| wPšÍvwU wfwËnxb| hw` †KD wb‡R‡K gvn`x e‡j
`vwe K‡ib Z‡e wbwðZfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e †h wZwb wg_¨vev`x| Avi hw` `vwe-`vIqv QvovB Kv‡iv g‡a¨ gvn`xi A‡bK¸‡jv AvjvgZ
cÖKvk cvq Z‡e Zvi †_‡K mZK©Zvi mv‡_ `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e, Aewkó AvjvgZ¸‡jv cÖKvwkZ nIqv ch©šÍ| KviY wZwb hw` mwZ¨Kvi
gvn`x nb Z‡e AvjøvnB f~wgaŸm I Ab¨vb¨ A‡jŠwKK mvnv‡hï gva¨‡g Zv‡K ivóªÿgZvq †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| mKj AvjvgZ cÖKvk
cvIqvi c‡i A_©vr P~ovšÍ weRq I mKj †`‡ki gymwjgMY Zv‡K †g‡b †bIqvi c‡iB ïay gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ Zvi evBqvZ Kiv|
(3) e¨vL¨vi bv‡g Inxi mij A_© cwiZ¨vM| AvKx`vi Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi b¨vq gvn`x wel‡qI Inxi Ace¨vL¨v weåvwšÍi
Ab¨Zg KviY| Dc‡i Av‡jvwPZ gvn`xM‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, bvg, wcZvi bvg, esk, AvK…wZ, evBqv‡Zi ¯’vb,
ivRZ¡jvf, Ryjyg `~i K‡i Bbmvd cÖwZôv BZ¨vw` AvjvgZ¸‡jvi AwaKvsk ev †Kv‡bvwUB cvIqv hvq bv| ZviciI nvRvi
nvRvi gymwjg Zv‡ì `vwe wbwe©Pv‡i wek¦vm K‡i weåvšÍ n‡q‡Qb I n‡”Qb| nv`x‡mi ¯úó e³e¨¸‡jv Zviv bvbvb e¨vL¨v K‡i
evwZj Ki‡Qb| Kv‡iv wel‡q GKevi myaviYv cÖwZwôZ n‡j Zvi mKj `vweB f³iv bvbv ARynv‡Z †g‡b †bq| GRb¨
cÖZviKMY cÖ_‡g Bev`Z-e‡›`wM, ì‡ewk, wb‡j©vfZv, Kvkd-KvivgZ BZ¨vw` †`wL‡q gvbyl‡ì ü`‡q ¯’vb K‡i †bq| Gici
wb‡R‡ì `vwe-`vIqv †ck K‡i| d‡j Zv‡ì e¨vL¨v I weåvwšÍI f³MY wbwe©Pv‡i wek¦vm K‡ib| Cgvbx `ye©jZvi Kvi‡YB
cÖZviKMY mdj nq| Avgiv †`‡LwQ, Ôgynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvnÕ wek¦v‡mi Awe‡”Q`¨ `vwe †h, Avgiv Zuvi K_v Qvov Avi Kv‡iv
K_vB wbwe©Pv‡i MÖnY Kie bv| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cÖwZwU K_v mybœvZ w`‡q hvPvB Kie| Avi GwUB gywg‡bi iÿvKeR|
9. 8. `v¾vj
`v¾vj A_© cÖZviK| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq wKqvg‡Zi c~‡e© †h gnv cÖZvi‡Ki Avwef©ve n‡e Zv‡K Ôgvmxn `v¾vjÕ ejv nq|
†h wb‡R‡K ÔCk¦iÕ ev ÔHk¦wiK kw³i AwaKvix e¨w³Z¡Õ e‡j `vwe Ki‡e Ges Zvi Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ eû A‡jŠwKK Kg©KvÐ
†`Lv‡e| A‡bK gvbyl Zv‡K wek¦vm K‡i Cgvbnviv n‡e| `v¾vj welqK nv`xm¸‡jv gyZvIqvwZi ch©v‡qi| GLv‡b K‡qKwU nv`xm
D‡jøL KiwQ|
(1) Avãyjøvn Beb Dgvi (iv) e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ِ ِ
َ ‫ ﺘَ ْﻌﻠَ ُﻤ‬، ‫ َوﻟَﻛﱢﻨﻰ أَﻗُو ُل ﻟَ ُﻛ ْم ﻓﯿﻪ ﻗَ ْوﻻً ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻘ ْﻠﻪُ َﻨﺒِ ﱞﻰ ﻟﻘَ ْو ِﻤﻪ‬...ُ‫ َو َﻤﺎ ﻤ ْن َﻨﺒِ ﱟﻰ إِﻻ أ َْﻨ َذ َرﻩُ ﻗَ ْو َﻤﻪ‬،ُ‫ إِﱢﻨﻰ ﻷ ُْﻨذ ُرُﻛ ُﻤوﻩ‬:‫ ﻓَﻘَﺎ َل‬،‫ﺜُﱠم َذ َﻛ َر اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ َل‬
ُ‫ون أَﱠﻨﻪ‬
ْ ‫َن اﻟﻠﱠﻪَ ﻟَْﯿ َس ﺒِﺄ‬
‫َﻋ َوَر‬ ‫ َوأ ﱠ‬، ‫َﻋ َوُر‬
ْ‫أ‬
Òivm~jjy øvn ()... `v¾v‡ji K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb: Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K Zvi wel‡q mZK© KiwQ| cÖ‡Z¨K
bexB Zuvi RvwZ‡K `v¾v‡ji wel‡q mZK© K‡i‡Qb| .... Z‡e c~e©eZ©x †Kv‡bv bex Zuvi RvwZ‡K †h K_v e‡jb wb Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì‡K †m K_v ejwQ| †Zvgiv †R‡b ivL †h, `v¾vj Kvbv (GKwU Pÿz bó) Avi Avjøvn Kvbv bb| 626 P625F
(2) Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:

ُ ُ‫ﻰء َﻤ َﻌﻪُ ِﻤ ْﺜ ُل اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ َواﻟﱠﻨ ِﺎر ﻓَﺎﻟﱠﺘِﻰ َﯿﻘ‬
ُ‫ول إِﱠﻨﻬَﺎ اْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨﺔ‬ ْ ‫ﺎل َﺤ ِدﯿﺜًﺎ َﻤﺎ َﺤ ﱠدﺜَﻪُ َﻨﺒِ ﱞﻰ َﻗ ْو َﻤﻪُ ِإﱠﻨﻪُ أ‬
ُ ‫َﻋ َوُر َ ٕوِاﱠﻨﻪُ َﯿ ِﺠ‬
ِ ‫ُﺨﺒِرُﻛم َﻋ ِن اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠ‬
ْ ُ ْ ‫أَﻻَ أ‬
.‫ِﻫ َﻰ اﻟﱠﻨ ُﺎر‬
ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K `v¾v‡ji wel‡q GKwU K_v eje hv †Kv‡bv bex Zuvi RvwZ‡K e‡jb wb; Zv n‡jv †h, `v¾vj Kvbv|
Avi †m Zvi mv‡_ RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœv‡gi bgybv wb‡q Avm‡e| hv‡K †m RvbœvZ ej‡e †mwUB Rvnvbœvg|Ó627
(3) Ave~ mvqx` Lyìx (iv) e‡jb,
ِ ْ ‫ َو ُﻫ َو ُﻤ َﺤﱠرٌم َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ أ‬-‫ َﯿﺄْﺘِﻰ اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ ُل‬:‫َن ﻗَﺎ َل‬ْ ‫ﯿﻤﺎ َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ ﺒِ ِﻪ أ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَ َﻛ‬،‫ﺎل‬ ِ ‫ َﺤ ِدﯿﺜًﺎ طَ ِوﯿﻼً َﻋ ِن اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠ‬ ‫َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ رﺴو ُل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬
َ َ‫َن َﯿ ْد ُﺨ َل ﻨﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺎن ﻓ‬ َ َُ
ِ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ اﻟذى‬، ‫ك اﻟ ﱠدﺠﱠﺎ ُل‬ ِ
ِ ‫ أ َْو ﻤ ْن َﺨ ْﯿ ِر اﻟﱠﻨ‬-‫ﺎس‬
َ ‫ ﻓََﯿﻘُو ُل أَ ْﺸﻬَ ُد أَﱠﻨ‬-‫ﺎس‬ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ ُﻫو َﺨ ْﯿ ُر اﻟﱠﻨ‬،‫ ﻓََﯿ ْﺨ ُرُج إﻟَْﯿﻪ َﯿ ْو َﻤﺌذ َر ُﺠ ٌل‬، ‫ض اﻟﺴَﱢﺒﺎ ِخ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﺎ ْﻟ َﻤد َﯿﻨﺔ‬ ِ ِ
َ َ ‫ َﺒ ْﻌ‬-‫ا ْﻟ َﻤد َﯿﻨﺔ‬
ِ ِ‫ ﻓَﯿ ْﻘﺘُﻠُﻪ ﺜُﱠم ﯿ ْﺤﯿ‬.َ‫ َﻫ ْل ﺘَ ُﺸ ﱡﻛون ِﻓﻰ اﻷَﻤ ِر ﻓَﯿﻘُوﻟُون ﻻ‬، ‫َﺤﯿ ْﯿﺘُﻪ‬
‫ﯿﻪ‬ ُ ‫ت إِ ْن ﻗَﺘَْﻠ‬ ‫ ﻓََﯿﻘُو ُل اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ ُل أ َأ‬، ُ‫ َﺤ ِدﯿﺜَﻪ‬ ‫ك َر ُﺴو ُل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ َ ‫َﺤ ﱠدﺜََﻨﺎ َﻋ ْﻨ‬
ُ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ ‫ت َﻫ َذا ﺜُﱠم أ‬ َ ‫َرَْﯿ‬
.‫ُﺴﻠﱠطُ َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ‬ ِ ِ ‫ﱡ‬
َ ‫ ﻓََﯿﻘُو ُل اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ ُل أَ ْﻗﺘُﻠُﻪُ ﻓَﻼَ أ‬،‫ت ﻗَط أَ َﺸ ﱠد َﺒﺼ َﯿرةً ﻤﱢﻨﻰ ا ْﻟَﯿ ْوَم‬ ُ ‫ﯿﻪ َواﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ َﻤﺎ ُﻛ ْﻨ‬
ِ ِ‫ﻓَﯿﻘُو ُل ِﺤﯿن ﯿ ْﺤﯿ‬
ُ َ َ
Òivm~jyjøvn  GKw`b Avgv‡ì‡K `v¾v‡ji wel‡q `xN© K_v ej‡jb| Zuvi K_vi g‡a¨ wZwb e‡jb: `v¾v‡ji Rb¨
g`xbvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv wbwl×| GRb¨ †m g`xbvi cvk©eZ©x giæcÖvšÍ‡i AvMgb Ki‡e| ZLb GK e¨w³ (g`xbv †_‡K)
†ewi‡q Zvi Kv‡Q Mgb Ki‡e, †h †m mg‡qi †kÖó gvbyl ev †kÖô gvbyl‡ì GKRb| †m ej‡e, Avwg mvÿ¨ w`w”Q †h, ZzwgB
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‫‪†mB `v¾vj hvi K_v ivm~jyjøvn  Avgv‡ì‡K Zuvi nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ Rvwb‡q‡Qb| ZLb `v¾vj (Dcw¯’Z‬‬
‫‪Abymvix‡ì‡K) ej‡e: Avwg hw` G e¨w³‡K nZ¨v K‡i cybivq RxweZ Kwi Z‡e wK †Zvgiv Avgvi (Ck¦i‡Z¡i) wel‡q m‡›`n‬‬
‫‪Ki‡e? Zviv ej‡e: bv| ZLb `v¾vj †m e¨w³‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e Zvici RxweZ Ki‡e| ZLb †m e¨w³ ej‡e: Avjøvni Kmg,‬‬
‫‪†Zvgvi (`v¾vj nIqvi) wel‡q Avwg c~‡e©i †P‡q GLb Av‡iv †ewk mywbwðZ njvg| ZLb `v¾vj Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi †Póv‬‬
‫‪Ki‡e wKš‘ †m Zvi Dci Avi KZ…©Z¡ cv‡e bv (†m Zvi †Kv‡bv ÿwZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e bv)|Ó 628‬‬
‫‪(4) Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:‬‬
‫وب َﺒ ْﯿ َن َﻋ ْﯿَﻨ ْﯿ ِﻪ َﻛ ِﺎﻓٌر‬ ‫َﻋ َوُر ‪ٕ َ ،‬وِا ﱠن َرﱠﺒ ُﻛ ْم ﻟَْﯿ َس ﺒِﺄ ْ‬
‫َﻋ َوَر ‪َ ،‬ﻤ ْﻛﺘُ ٌ‬ ‫اب ‪ ،‬إِﱠﻨﻪُ أ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ث اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِﻤ ْن َﻨﺒِ ﱟﻰ إِﻻﱠ أ َْﻨ َذ َر ﻗَ ْو َﻤﻪُ اﻷ ْ‬
‫َﻋ َوَر ا ْﻟ َﻛذ َ‬ ‫َﻤﺎ َﺒ َﻌ َ‬
‫‪ÒhZ bex †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb mK‡jB Kvbv wg_¨vev`xi wel‡q Zvi D¤§vZ‡K mZK© K‡i‡Qb| †Zvgiv mZK© _vK‡e| †m‬‬
‫‪Kvbv Avi †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK Kvbv bb| Avi Zvi `y †Pv‡Li gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b ÔKvwdiÕ †jLv _vK‡e|Ó 629‬‬
‫‪(5) bvIqvm Beb mvgAvb (iv) e‡jb:‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ات َﻏ َد ٍاة ﻓَ َﺨﻔﱠ ِ ِ‬ ‫َذ َﻛ َر َر ُﺴو ُل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪ ‬اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ َل َذ َ‬
‫وﻨ ُﻛ ْم‬
‫ﯿﺠﻪُ ُد َ‬ ‫ض ﻓﯿﻪ َوَرﻓﱠ َﻊ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ظََﻨﱠﻨﺎﻩُ ﻓﻰ طَﺎﺌﻔَﺔ اﻟﱠﻨ ْﺨ ِل ‪ ...‬إِ ْن َﯿ ْﺨ ُرْج َوأََﻨﺎ ﻓﯿ ُﻛ ْم ﻓَﺄََﻨﺎ َﺤ ِﺠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُﺸﺒﱢﻬُﻪُ ﺒِ َﻌ ْﺒ ِد ا ْﻟ ُﻌﱠزى ْﺒ ِن ﻗَطَ ٍن‬ ‫ﺎب ﻗَطَطٌ َﻋ ْﯿُﻨﻪُ طَ ِﺎﻓَﺌﺔٌ َﻛﺄَﱢﻨﻰ أ َ‬ ‫ﯿﺞ َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ َواﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﺨﻠِﯿﻔَﺘِﻰ َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻛ ﱢل ُﻤ ْﺴﻠٍِم إِﱠﻨﻪُ َﺸ ﱞ‬ ‫ﺎﻤ ُرٌؤ َﺤ ِﺠ ُ‬
‫ٕوِا ْن ﯿ ْﺨرْج وﻟَﺴ ُ ِ‬
‫ت ﻓﯿ ُﻛ ْم ﻓَ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ورِة ا ْﻟ َﻛ ْﻬف إِﱠﻨﻪُ َﺨ ِﺎرٌج َﺨﻠﺔً َﺒ ْﯿ َن اﻟ ﱠﺸﺄْم وا ْﻟﻌ َار ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎد اﻟﻠﻪ ﻓَﺎﺜُْﺒﺘُوا‪ُ .‬ﻗ ْﻠَﻨﺎ َﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺎث ﺸ َﻤﺎﻻً َﯿﺎ ﻋَﺒ َ‬ ‫ﺎث َﯿﻤ ًﯿﻨﺎ َو َﻋ َ‬ ‫ق ﻓَ َﻌ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻓَ َﻤ ْن أ َْد َرَﻛﻪُ ﻤ ْﻨ ُﻛ ْم َﻓ ْﻠَﯿ ْﻘ َأْر َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ ﻓَ َواﺘ َﺢ ُﺴ َ‬
‫ك‬‫ﱠﺎﻤ ُﻛ ْم‪ُ .‬ﻗ ْﻠَﻨﺎ َﯿﺎ َر ُﺴو َل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﻓَ َذﻟِ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﻤ ِﻪ َﻛﺄَﯿ ِ‬‫ض ﻗَﺎ َل‪ :‬أَرﺒﻌون ﯿوﻤﺎ ﯿوم َﻛﺴَﻨ ٍﺔ وﯿوم َﻛ َﺸﻬ ٍر وﯿوم َﻛﺠﻤﻌ ٍﺔ وﺴﺎﺌِر أَﯿ ِ‬
‫ْ ََْ ٌ ُ ُ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ َْ ً َْ ٌ َ ََْ ٌ‬ ‫َر ُﺴو َل اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ و َﻤﺎ ﻟَْﺒﺜُﻪُ ِﻓﻰ اﻷ َْر ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬
‫ﯿﺢ‬
‫اﻟر ُ‬ ‫اﺴﺘَ ْدَﺒ َرﺘْﻪُ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎل‪َ :‬ﻛﺎ ْﻟ َﻐ ْﯿث ْ‬ ‫ض ﻗَ َ‬ ‫اﻋﻪُ ﻓﻰ اﻷ َْر ِ‬ ‫ول اﻟﻠﻪ َو َﻤﺎ إِ ْﺴ َر ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻼَةُ َﯿ ْوٍم ﻗَﺎ َل‪ :‬ﻻَ‪ ،‬ا ْﻗ ُد ُروا ﻟَﻪُ ﻗَ ْد َرﻩُ‪ُ .‬ﻗ ْﻠَﻨﺎ َﯿﺎ َر ُﺴ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟَﯿ ْوُم اﻟذى َﻛ َﺴَﻨﺔ أَﺘَ ْﻛﻔ َﯿﻨﺎ ﻓﯿﻪ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ت ُذ ًار‬ ‫ط َو َل َﻤﺎ َﻛ َﺎﻨ ْ‬ ‫ت ﻓَﺘَُرو ُح َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻬ ْم َﺴ ِﺎرَﺤﺘُﻬُ ْم أَ ْ‬ ‫ض ﻓَﺘُْﻨﺒِ ُ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻓَﺘُ ْﻤط ُر َواﻷ َْر َ‬ ‫ﱠﻤ َ‬‫ْﻤ ُر اﻟﺴ َ‬ ‫ون ﻟَﻪُ ﻓََﯿﺄ ُ‬ ‫ون ﺒِﻪ َوَﯿ ْﺴﺘَ ِﺠ ُﯿﺒ َ‬ ‫وﻫ ْم ﻓَُﯿ ْؤ ِﻤُﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻓََﯿﺄْﺘِﻰ َﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟﻘَ ْوِم ﻓََﯿ ْد ُﻋ ُ‬
‫ﯿن ﻟَْﯿ َس ﺒِﺄ َْﯿ ِدﯿ ِﻬ ْم َﺸ ْﻰ ٌء ِﻤ ْن‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ون ُﻤ ْﻤﺤﻠ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺒِ ُﺤ َ‬ ‫ف َﻋ ْﻨﻬُ ْم ﻓَُﯿ ْ‬ ‫ﺼ ِر ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ون َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ ﻗَ ْوﻟَﻪُ ﻓََﯿ ْﻨ َ‬ ‫وﻫ ْم ﻓََﯿ ُرﱡد َ‬ ‫اﺼ َر ﺜُﱠم َﯿﺄْﺘِﻰ ا ْﻟﻘَ ْوَم ﻓََﯿ ْد ُﻋ ُ‬ ‫وأَﺴﺒ َﻐﻪ ﻀروﻋﺎ وأَﻤ ﱠدﻩ َﺨو ِ‬
‫َ َْ ُ ُ ُ ً َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وزَﻫﺎ َﻛَﯿ َﻌﺎﺴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺨ ِرِﺠﻰ ُﻛُﻨ َ‬ ‫أ َْﻤ َواﻟِ ِﻬ ْم َوَﯿ ُﻤﱡر ﺒِﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ِرَﺒ ِﺔ ﻓََﯿﻘُو ُل ﻟَﻬَﺎ أ ْ‬
‫ﻀ ِرُﺒﻪُ ﺒِﺎﻟﺴ ْﱠﯿف ﻓََﯿ ْﻘطَ ُﻌﻪُ‬ ‫ﯿب اﻟﱠﻨ ْﺤل ﺜُﱠم َﯿ ْد ُﻋو َرُﺠﻼً ُﻤ ْﻤﺘَﻠًﺌﺎ َﺸَﺒ ًﺎﺒﺎ ﻓََﯿ ْ‬ ‫وزك‪ .‬ﻓَﺘَ ْﺘَﺒ ُﻌﻪُ ُﻛُﻨ ُ‬
‫ث اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ا ْﻟﻤ ِﺴﯿﺢ ْاﺒن ﻤرﯿم ﻓَﯿ ْﻨ ِز ُل ِﻋ ْﻨ َد ا ْﻟﻤَﻨﺎرِة ا ْﻟﺒ ْﯿﻀ ِ‬ ‫ك ﻓََﺒ ْﯿَﻨ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َو َﻛ َذﻟِ َ‬ ‫ض ﺜُﱠم َﯿ ْد ُﻋوﻩُ ﻓَُﯿ ْﻘﺒِ ُل َوَﯿﺘَﻬَﻠﱠ ُل َو ْﺠﻬُﻪُ َﯿ ْ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ك إِ ْذ َﺒ َﻌ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻀ َﺤ ُ‬ ‫َﺠ ْزﻟَﺘَْﯿ ِن َرْﻤَﯿﺔَ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َر ِ‬
‫ﺎن َﻛﺎﻟﻠﱡ ْؤﻟُ ِؤ ﻓَﻼَ َﯿ ِﺤ ﱡل ﻟِ َﻛ ِﺎﻓ ٍر‬ ‫َﺴﻪُ ﻗَطَ َر َ ٕوِا َذا َرﻓَ َﻌﻪُ ﺘَ َﺤ ﱠد َر ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ ُﺠ َﻤ ٌ‬ ‫اﻀﻌﺎ َﻛﻔﱠْﯿ ِﻪ ﻋﻠَﻰ أ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫َﺠﻨ َﺤﺔ َﻤﻠَ َﻛ ْﯿ ِن إِ َذا طَ ْﺄطَﺄَ َأر َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ودﺘَْﯿ ِن َو ً‬ ‫ق َﺒ ْﯿ َن َﻤ ْﻬ ُر َ‬ ‫َﺸ ْرِﻗ ﱠﻰ ِد َﻤ ْﺸ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺼ َﻤﻬُ ُم‬‫ﯿﺴﻰ ْاﺒ َن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم ﻗَ ْوٌم ﻗَ ْد َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺎب ﻟُ ﱟد ﻓََﯿ ْﻘﺘُﻠُﻪُ ﺜُﱠم َﯿﺄْﺘﻰ ﻋ َ‬ ‫طﻠُُﺒﻪُ َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ُﯿ ْد ِرَﻛﻪُ ﺒَِﺒ ِ‬ ‫ث َﯿ ْﻨﺘَ ِﻬﻰ طَ ْرﻓُﻪُ ﻓََﯿ ْ‬ ‫ﺎت َوَﻨﻔَ ُﺴﻪُ َﯿ ْﻨﺘَ ِﻬﻰ َﺤ ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ﯿﺢ َﻨﻔَ ِﺴ ِﻪ إِﻻ َﻤ َ‬ ‫َﯿ ِﺠ ُد ِر َ‬
‫ان‬‫ﺎدا ﻟِﻰ ﻻَ َﯿ َد ِ‬ ‫ت ِﻋَﺒ ً‬ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ إِﱢﻨﻰ ﻗَ ْد أ ْ‬
‫َﺨ َر ْﺠ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ك إِ ْذ أ َْو َﺤﻰ اﻟﻠﻪُ إِﻟَﻰ ﻋ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ ﻓََﯿ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺢ َﻋ ْن ُو ُﺠوِﻫ ِﻬ ْم َوُﯿ َﺤ ﱢدﺜُﻬُ ْم ﺒِ َد َر َﺠﺎﺘِ ِﻬ ْم ِﻓﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺠﱠﻨ ِﺔ ﻓََﺒ ْﯿَﻨ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ َو َﻛ َذﻟِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ور‪ .‬وﯿ ْﺒﻌ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻷ ٍ ِ ِ‬
‫ون ﻓََﯿ ُﻤﱡر أ ََواﺌﻠُﻬُ ْم َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﺒ َﺤ ْﯿ َرِة طََﺒ ِرﱠﯿﺔَ ﻓََﯿ ْﺸ َرُﺒ َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ْﺠو َج َو ُﻫ ْم ﻤ ْن ُﻛ ﱢل َﺤ َد ٍب َﯿ ْﻨﺴﻠُ َ‬ ‫ْﺠو َج َو َﻤﺄ ُ‬ ‫ث اﻟﻠﻪُ َﯿﺄ ُ‬ ‫َﺤد ﺒِﻘﺘَﺎﻟ ِﻬ ْم ﻓَ َﺤﱢرْز ﻋَﺒﺎدى إِﻟَﻰ اﻟط ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫آﺨرُﻫم ﻓَﯿﻘُوﻟُون ﻟَﻘَ ْد َﻛﺎن ﺒِﻬ ِذ ِﻩ ﻤﱠرةً ﻤﺎء‪ .‬وﯿ ْﺤﺼر َﻨﺒِ ﱡﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ِﻋﯿﺴﻰ وأَﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﯿ ُﻛون أرْس اﻟﺜﱠوِر ﻷَﺤ ِد ِﻫم َﺨ ْﯿ ار ِﻤ ْن ِﻤ َﺎﺌﺔِ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ِﻓﯿﻬﺎ وﯿﻤﱡر ِ‬
‫َ ْ ً‬ ‫ُ َ َ ْ َ ُُ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ٌ َُ َُ‬ ‫ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ََُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِد َﯿﻨ ٍﺎر ﻷ ِ‬
‫ون ﻓَ ْر َﺴﻰ َﻛ َﻤ ْوت َﻨ ْﻔس َواﺤ َدة ﺜُﱠم َﯿ ْﻬﺒطُ‬ ‫ﺼﺒ ُﺤ َ‬ ‫ف ﻓﻰ ِرﻗَﺎﺒﻬ ْم ﻓَُﯿ ْ‬ ‫َﺼ َﺤ ُﺎﺒﻪُ ﻓَُﯿ ْرﺴ ُل اﻟﻠﻪُ َﻋﻠَْﯿﻬُ ُم اﻟﱠﻨ َﻐ َ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ َوأ ْ‬ ‫ب َﻨﺒ ﱡﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋ َ‬ ‫َﺤد ُﻛ ُم ا ْﻟَﯿ ْوَم ﻓََﯿ ْرَﻏ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠِ‬
‫َﺼ َﺤ ُﺎﺒﻪُ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ َوأ ْ‬ ‫ب َﻨﺒ ﱡﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ون ﻓﻰ اﻷ َْرض َﻤ ْوﻀ َﻊ ﺸ ْﺒر إﻻ َﻤﻸَﻩُ َزَﻫ ُﻤﻬُ ْم َوَﻨﺘُْﻨﻬُ ْم ﻓََﯿ ْرَﻏ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺼ َﺤ ُﺎﺒﻪُ إﻟَﻰ اﻷ َْرض ﻓَﻼَ َﯿﺠ ُد َ‬ ‫ﯿﺴﻰ َوأ ْ‬ ‫َﻨﺒِ ﱡﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋ َ‬
‫ت َﻤ َد ٍر َوﻻَ َوَﺒ ٍر ﻓََﯿ ْﻐ ِﺴ ُل‬ ‫ﺎء اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﺜُﱠم ُﯿ ْرِﺴ ُل اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ َﻤطَ ًار ﻻَ َﯿ ُﻛ ﱡن ِﻤ ْﻨﻪُ َﺒ ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ث َﺸ َ‬ ‫ط َر ُﺤﻬُ ْم َﺤ ْﯿ ُ‬ ‫ق ا ْﻟُﺒ ْﺨ ِت ﻓَﺘَ ْﺤ ِﻤﻠُﻬُ ْم ﻓَﺘَ ْ‬ ‫إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ﻓَُﯿ ْرِﺴ ُل اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ طَ ْﯿ ًار َﻛﺄ ْ‬
‫َﻋَﻨﺎ ِ‬
‫ض أ َْﻨﺒِﺘِﻰ ﺜَ َﻤ َرﺘَ ِك َوُرﱢدى َﺒ َرَﻛﺘَ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻟزﻟَﻔَ ِﺔ ﺜُﱠم ُﯿﻘَﺎ ُل ﻟِﻸ َْر ِ‬ ‫ض َﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﯿﺘْ ُرَﻛﻬَﺎ َﻛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷ َْر َ‬
‫ﺎس َواﻟﻠﱢ ْﻘ َﺤﺔَ‬ ‫اﻹﺒِ ِل ﻟَﺘَ ْﻛِﻔﻰ ا ْﻟِﻔَﺌﺎم ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ ِ‬ ‫َن اﻟﻠﱢ ْﻘ َﺤﺔَ ِﻤ َن ِ‬ ‫اﻟر ْﺴ ِل َﺤﺘﱠﻰ أ ﱠ‬ ‫ك ِﻓﻰ ﱢ‬ ‫ون ﺒِِﻘ ْﺤِﻔﻬَﺎ َوُﯿَﺒ َﺎر ُ‬ ‫ِﱡ‬ ‫ﻓَﯿوﻤﺌٍِذ ﺘَْﺄ ُﻛ ُل ا ْﻟ ِﻌﺼﺎﺒﺔُ ِﻤن ﱡ ِ‬
‫اﻟرﱠﻤ َﺎﻨﺔ َوَﯿ ْﺴﺘَظﻠ َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ك إِ ْذ ﺒﻌ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎس واﻟﻠﱢ ْﻘ َﺤﺔَ ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟ َﻐَﻨِم ﻟَﺘَ ْﻛِﻔﻰ ا ْﻟﻔَ ِﺨ َذ ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِﻤ َن ا ْﻟَﺒﻘَ ِر ﻟَﺘَ ْﻛِﻔﻰ ا ْﻟﻘَﺒِﯿﻠَﺔَ ِﻤ َن اﻟﱠﻨ ِ‬
‫ت‬‫ْﺨ ُذ ُﻫ ْم ﺘَ ْﺤ َ‬ ‫ﯿﺤﺎ طَﯿَﱢﺒﺔً ﻓَﺘَﺄ ُ‬ ‫ث اﻟﻠﻪُ ِر ً‬ ‫ﺎس ﻓََﺒ ْﯿَﻨ َﻤﺎ ُﻫ ْم َﻛ َذﻟ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎس ﯿﺘَﻬﺎرﺠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺔُ «‪.‬‬ ‫وم اﻟ ﱠﺴ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ون ﻓﯿﻬَﺎ ﺘَﻬَ ُﺎرَج ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُﻤ ِر ﻓَ َﻌﻠَْﯿﻬ ْم ﺘَﻘُ ُ‬ ‫ض ُرو َح ُﻛ ﱢل ُﻤ ْؤ ِﻤ ٍن َو ُﻛ ﱢل ُﻤ ْﺴﻠم َوَﯿ ْﺒﻘَﻰ ﺸ َرُار اﻟﱠﻨ ِ َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َآﺒﺎط ِﻬ ْم ﻓَﺘَ ْﻘﺒِ ُ‬
‫‪Òivm~jyjøvn () GKw`b mKv‡j `v¾v‡ji K_v ej‡jb| wZwb D”P¯^‡i I wb¤œ¯^‡i Ggb ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q ej‡jb †h Avgv‡ì‬‬
‫‪g‡b n‡jv `v¾vj †LRy‡ii evMv‡bi g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z.... wZwb Avgv‡ì e‡jb: Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S _vKv Ae¯’vq hw` `v¾v‡ji‬‬
‫‪Avwef©ve nq Z‡e †Zvgv‡ì cÿ †_‡K AvwgB Zvi mv‡_ weZK© Kie| Avi hw` Ggb Ae¯’vq †m Av‡m hLb Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S‬‬
‫)‪†bB Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ Zvi wb‡Ri cÿ n‡q weZK© Ki‡e| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K gymwj‡gi Rb¨ Avjøvn Avgvi Ljxdv (¯’jvwfwl³‬‬
‫_‡‪_vK‡eb| `v¾vj †KuvKov‡bv Pzj †dvjv †PvL GKRb hyeK| Avwg †hb Zv‡K ÔAvãyj Dh&hv Beb KvZvbÕ bvgK †jvKwUi mv‬‬
‫‪Zzjbv KiwQ| †Zvgv‡ì †KD hw` Zv‡K cvq Z‡e †m †hb Zvi Kv‡Q m~iv Kvnv‡di cÖ_g AvqvZ¸‡jv cvV K‡i| †m wmwiqv I‬‬
‫|‪Biv‡Ki gaëZ©x ¯’v‡b ewnf©~Z n‡e Ges Wv‡b-ev‡g AkvwšÍ-wek„•Ljv Qov‡e| †n Avjøvni ev›`vMY, †Zvgiv my`„p _vK‡e‬‬
Contents
Avgiv ejjvg: †m KZw`b c„w_ex‡Z _vK‡e? wZwb e‡jb: 40 w`b| cÖ_g w`b GK eQ‡ii gZ| wØZxq w`b GK gv‡mi
gZ| Z…Zxq w`b GK mßv‡ni gZ| Avi Aewkó w`b¸‡jv †Zvgv‡ì mvaviY w`‡bi gZ| Avgiv ejjvg: †n Avjøvni ivm~j, GK
eQ‡ii gZ †h w`b †m w`‡b wK GK w`‡bi mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jB Pj‡e? wZwb e‡jb: bv, †Zvgiv mvjv‡Zi Rb¨ mgq wnmve K‡i
wb‡e| Avgiv ejjvg: †n Avjøvni ivm~j: c„w_ex‡Z Zvi `ªæZZv wKiƒc? wZwb e‡jb: So-ZvwoZ †g‡Ni gZ| †m GK RvwZi wbKU
G‡m Zv‡ì‡K `vIqvZ w`‡e| ZLb Zviv Zvi Dci Cgvb Avb‡e Ges Zvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡e| ZLb Zvi wb‡`©‡k AvKvk †_‡K
e„wócvZ n‡e, hwg‡b dj-dmj Rb¥ †b‡e, Zv‡ì cvwjZ cï¸‡jvi AvK…wZ I `ya meB A¯^vfvweK e„w× cv‡e| AZtci †m Ab¨
GKwU Rb‡Mvôxi wbKU Mgb Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K `vIqvZ w`‡e| Zviv Zv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡e| ZLb †m Zv‡ì wbKU †_‡K wd‡i
hv‡e, wKš‘ Zv‡ì hwgb¸‡jv Abye©i dmjnxb n‡q hv‡e Ges Zv‡ì nv‡Z Zv‡ì m¤ú‡ì wKQzB _vK‡e bv| †m cwZZ f~wg w`‡q
Mgb Kivi mgq Zv‡K ej‡e: †Zvgvi m¤ú`-fvÐvi †ei Ki| ZLb †gŠgvwQiv †hgb ivYx gvwQi wc‡Q wc‡Q P‡j †Zgwb LwbR
m¤ú`¸‡jv Zvi wc‡Q wc‡Q Pj‡e| Gici †m GKRb †hŠe‡b c~Y© hyeK‡K †W‡K Zv‡K Zievwi Øiv `yLÐ Ki‡e Ges Zxi wb‡ÿ‡ci
`~i‡Z¡ Qz‡o †dj‡e| Gici Zv‡K WvK‡e| ZLb †m nv‡m¨v¾¡j gy‡L Zvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡e|
†m hLb Gme Ki‡e ZLb Avjøvn gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmv (Av)-†K †cÖiY Ki‡eb| wZwb `v‡gk‡Ki c~e© w`‡K mv`v wgbvivi
Dci AeZiY Ki‡eb| Zuvi cwiav‡b _vK‡e `ywU iwOb Kvco| wZwb Zuvi nvZ `ywU `yRb wdwikZvi cuvLvi Dci †i‡L
AeZiY Ki‡eb| wZwb gv_v wbPz Ki‡j †duvUv †duvUv (Nvg) co‡e| Avevi hLb gv_v DPz Ki‡eb ZLb gy‡³vi gZ (Nvg)
co‡e| †h †Kv‡bv Kvwdi Zuvi wbk¦vm †c‡jB g„ZzëiY Ki‡e| Avi Zuvi `„wó hZ`~i hv‡e Zuvi wbk¦vmI ZZ`~i hv‡e| wZwb
`v¾vj‡K LuyR‡Z _vK‡eb Ges Ôeve jyÏÕ bvgK ¯’v‡b Zv‡K †c‡q Zv‡K ea Ki‡eb| Gici Avjøvn hv‡ì‡K `v¾vj †_‡K
iÿv K‡i‡Qb Ggb gvbyl‡ì wbKU wZwb AvMgb Ki‡eb| wZwb Zv‡ì gyLgÐj gy‡Q w`‡eb Ges Rvbœv‡Z Zv‡ì gh©v`vi
wel‡q K_v ej‡eb|
G Ae¯’vq Avjøvn gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmv (Av)-†K Inx Ki‡eb †h, Avwg Avgvi Ggb GK`j ev›`v‡K †ei K‡i w`‡qwQ hv‡ì
mv‡_ hy× Kivi ÿgZv Kv‡iv †bB| Kv‡RB Avgvi ev›`v‡ì‡K wb‡q cvnv‡o P‡j hvI| ZLb Avjøvn BqvR~R -gvR~R‡K †cÖiY
Ki‡eb| mKj Rbc` w`‡q Zviv Pj‡Z _vK‡e| Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K hviv cÖ_‡g †ei n‡e Zviv Zvevwiqv n«‡` †cuŠ‡Q n«‡ì me cvwb
cvb Ki‡e| me †k‡l hviv †m c_ w`‡q hv‡e Zviv ej‡e: GLv‡b GK mgq cvwb wQj| Avjøvni bex Cmv (Av) I Zuvi mv_xiv
Aeiæ× _vK‡eb| GgbwK GKwU lv‡oi gv_v Zv‡ì Kv‡Q 100 ¯^Y©gy`ªvi †P‡qI DËg e‡j MY¨ n‡e| ZLb Avjøvni bex Cmv (Av)
I Zuvi mv_xiv Avjøvni Kv‡Q `yAv Ki‡eb| Avjøvn BqvR~R-gvRyR‡ì Nv‡o GK RvZxq KxU †cÖiY Ki‡eb d‡j Zviv mK‡jB
GK‡hv‡M gnvgvwi‡Z g„ZzëiY Ki‡e| Avjøvni bex Cmv (Av) I Zuvi mv_xiv c„w_ex‡Z †b‡e Avm‡eb| wKšÍ c„w_exi GK weNZ
RwgI Zv‡ì cuPvMjv jvk †_‡K gy³ cv‡eb bv| ZLb Avjøvni bex Cmv (Av) I Zuvi mv_xi Avjøvni Kv‡Q `yAv Ki‡eb| Gici
Avjøvn me©e¨vcx e„wó `vb Ki‡eb hv evwoNi I Zuveymn cy‡iv c„w_ex ay‡q Avqbvi gZ PKP‡K Ki‡e| Gici hwgb‡K ejv n‡e:
†Zvgvi dj-dmj Drcbœ Ki Ges †Zvgvi eiKZ †ei Ki| ZLb GKwU †e`vbv GK`j gvby‡liv fÿY Ki‡e Ges Zvi †Lvmvi
Qvqv †c‡Z cvi‡e| Avjøvn m¤ú‡` eiKZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| GgbwK GKwU D‡Ui `ya GK`j gvby‡li Pvwn`v †gUv‡e, GKwU Miæi `ya
GKwU †Mv‡Îi Pvwn`v †gUv‡e, GKwU †gl GK`j gvby‡li Rb¨ h‡_ó n‡e| G Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _vK‡e| Ggb mg‡q Avjøvn GKwU
cweÎ evqycÖevn †cÖiY Ki‡eb hv gvbyl‡ì eM‡ji wb‡P ai‡e Ges mKj gywgb-gymwjg e¨w³i cÖvY MÖnY Ki‡e| Gici ïay Lvivc
gvbyl¸‡jvB RxweZ _vK‡e| Zviv `ywbqv‡Z M`©‡fi gZ AkøxjZvq †g‡Z DV‡e| G‡ì mg‡q wKqvgZ msNwUZ n‡e| 630
`v¾vj wel‡q Av‡iv A‡bK nv`xm ewY©Z| G welqK nv`xm¸‡jv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, `ywU weåvwšÍi Dci G wdZbvi wfwË:
(1) A‡jŠwKKZ¡ ev KvivgZ †`‡L KvD‡K ÔA‡jŠwKK e¨w³Z¡Õ ev ÔIjxÕ e‡j wek¦vm Kiv Ges (2) Ijx ev †Kv‡bv gvby‡li g‡a¨
Ck¦iZ¡ ev Hk¦wiK kw³ _vK‡Z cv‡i e‡j wek¦vm Kiv| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, gykwiK RvwZ¸‡jvi wki‡Ki g~j KviY G `y‡Uv welq|
AeZviZ¡, dvbv, evKv BZ¨vw` ARynv‡Z Zviv gvby‡li g‡a¨ gnvb Avjøvn, Zuvi †Kv‡bv ÿgZv ev we‡klY wgwkÖZ ev cÖKvwkZ n‡Z
cv‡i e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib| ZvInx` welqK AÁZvi Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b gymwjg Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi g‡aÏ G `ywU wek¦vm e¨vcK| eZ©gv‡b
wewfbœ gymwjg †`‡k cÖvqB bZzb bZzb ÔIjx evevÕ cÖKvwkZ nb| Kvivg‡Zi Mí ï‡b jÿjÿ gymwjg G‡ì‡K ÔA‡jŠwKK
ÿgZvm¤úbœ IjxÕ e‡j wek¦vm K‡ib| mvR`v, ZvIqv°zj, fq, Avkv BZ¨vw` Bev`‡Z Zv‡ì‡K Avjøvni mv‡_ kixK K‡ib| G
mKj Ôÿz`ª `v¾v‡jiÕ f³MY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, So-e„wó, ab-m¤ú`, Rxeb-g„Zz¨ meB Zv‡ì evev ev ¸iæi B”Qvaxb| G mKj Ôÿz`ª
`v¾vjÕ gnv `v¾vj‡K MÖnY Kivi †cÖÿvcU ˆZwi Ki‡Q| hviv †QvU `v¾vj‡ì‡K ÔKvivg‡Zi MíÕ ï‡bB †g‡b wb‡”Qb, ¯^fveZB
ÔKvbv `v¾vjÕ-Gi gnv ÔKvivgZÕ †`‡L Zv‡K webv wØavq †g‡b wb‡eb| GgbwK hviv †QvU `v¾vj‡ì wek¦vm K‡i wb ZvivI Kvbv
`v¾v‡ji gnv ÔKvivgZÕ †`‡L weåvšÍ n‡q hv‡e| ïay ZvInx` I wimvjv‡Zi Mfxi Cgvb Ges gnvb Avjøvni ZvIdxK I ingZB
gywgb‡K G wdZbv †_‡K iÿv Ki‡e|
gnvb Avjøvn ev›`v‡ì cixÿvi Rb¨ `v¾vj‡K wKQz ÿgZv cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi AÿgZv cÖKvwkZ ivL‡eb| †m wb‡Ri bó
PÿzwU fvj Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e bv| †hb m‡PZb gywgb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, †m mxgve× ÿgZvi m„wó gvÎ| wKš‘ Cgv‡bi MfxiZv bv _vK‡j
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G mxgve×Zv gvby‡li `„wó Gwo‡q hvq A_ev fw³f‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i| †hgb eZ©gv‡bi ÿz`ª `v¾vj‡ì f³MY Zv‡ì
¸iæ‡ì AÿgZv e¨vL¨v K‡i|
AZxZ I eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ weåvšÍ `j `v¾vj welqK nv`xm¸‡jv‡K iƒcK A‡_© MÖnY K‡i bvbv cÖKvi D™¢U e¨vL¨v
K‡i‡Q| Zviv `v¾vj ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e¨w³i Aw¯ÍZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg beex (767 wn) e‡jb: ÒKvhx
Bqvh (544 wn) e‡jb: Ògymwjg Ges Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm `v¾v‡ji wel‡q †h mKj nv`xm D×…Z K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv n°cš’x‡ì `jxj|
Zviv `v¾v‡ji Aw¯Í‡Z¡ wek¦vm K‡ib Ges wek¦vm K‡ib †h, `v¾vj ej‡Z GKRb wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hvi Øviv Avjøvn
Zuvi ev›`v‡ì‡K cixÿv Ki‡eb Ges hv‡K Zuvi ÿgZvaxb wKQz wel‡qi ÿgZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|... Cmv (Av) Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb|
GwUB Avnjym mybœvZ Ges mKj gynvwÏm, dKxn I M‡el‡Ki gZ| LvwiRxMY, RvngxMY Ges gyZvwhjx‡ì †KD †KD `v¾v‡ji
welqwU A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb....|Ó631
gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ mnxn mb‡` ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv mij I evwn¨K A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv Ges ivm~jyjøvn -Gi wkÿv Abymv‡i
`v¾v‡ji wdZbv †_‡K msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ `yAv Kiv| wewfbœ nv`x‡m wZwb `v¾v‡ji wdZbv †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi `yAv wkwL‡q‡Qb Ges
m~iv Kvn&d-Gi cÖ_g `kwU AvqvZ gyL¯’ I cvV Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| G welqK K‡qKwU `yAv Ôiv‡n †ejvqvZÕ MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL
K‡iwQ|
9. 9. Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY
wKqvg‡Zi eo AvjvgZ¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY| G wel‡q KziAv‡bi wb‡`©kbv Avgiv †`‡LwQ| KziAv‡bi
cvkvcvwk eûmsL¨K mvnvexi m~‡Î gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡m Zuvi AeZi‡Yi welqwU cÖgvwYZ| Dc‡i Avgiv G A‡_© PviwU nv`xm
†`‡LwQ| Ab¨ nv`x‡m Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn  e‡jb:
ِ ِ ِ ‫طﺎ ﻓَﯿ ْﻛ ِﺴر ﱠ‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫واﻟﱠِذى َﻨ ْﻔ ِﺴﻰ ﺒِﯿ ِد ِﻩ ﻟَﯿ‬
َ ‫ َوَﯿﻔ‬، َ‫ﻀ َﻊ ا ْﻟ ِﺠ ْزَﯿﺔ‬
‫ﯿض‬ َ ‫ َوَﯿ‬، ‫ َوَﯿ ْﻘﺘُ َل ا ْﻟﺨ ْﻨ ِز َﯿر‬، ‫ﯿب‬
َ ‫اﻟﺼﻠ‬ َ َ ً ‫َن َﯿ ْﻨ ِز َل ﻓﯿ ُﻛ ُم ْاﺒ ُن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم َﺤ َﻛ ًﻤﺎ ُﻤ ْﻘﺴ‬ ْ ‫وﺸ َﻛ ﱠن أ‬ ُ َ َ
‫اﺤ َدةُ َﺨ ْﯿ ًار ِﻤ َن اﻟ ﱡد ْﻨَﯿﺎ َو َﻤﺎ ِﻓﯿﻬَﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﱠﺠ َدةُ ا ْﻟو‬
َ ْ ‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫َﺤ‬
َ ُ َ َ ٌ َ ُ َ َْ َ َ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎ ُل َﺤ‬
Òhvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY Zuvi kc_, AwP‡iB †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S gwiq‡gi cyÎ b¨vqcivqY kvmK wn‡m‡e AeZiY Ki‡eb|
wZwb µzk fvO‡eb, k~Ki ea Ki‡eb, wRwhqv Zz‡j w`‡eb Ges m¤ú‡ì cÖvPzh© †`Lv †`‡e| GgbwK †KD m¤ú` MÖnY Ki‡e
bv, GgbwK GKwU mvR`vi g~j¨ `ywbqv I Zvi me m¤ú‡ì †P‡q †ewk e‡j MY¨ n‡e|Ó 632
Ab¨ nv`x‡m Ave~ ûivBiv (iv) e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn () e‡jb:
‫ﯿﺴﻰ ْاﺒ ِن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم ﻷَﱠﻨﻪُ ﻟَ ْم َﯿ ُﻛ ْن َﺒ ْﯿ ِﻨﻰ َوَﺒ ْﯿَﻨﻪُ َﻨﺒِ ﱞﻰ َ ٕوِاﱠﻨﻪُ َﻨ ِﺎزٌل ﻓَِﺈ َذا‬ ِ ِ ‫اﺤ ٌد وأََﻨﺎ أَوﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻨ‬ ِ ٍ ‫اﻷ َْﻨﺒِﯿ ِ ِ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺎس ﺒِﻌ‬ ِ
ْ َ ‫ﺎء إ ْﺨ َوةٌ ﻟ َﻌﻼت أُ ﱠﻤﻬَﺎﺘُﻬُ ْم َﺸﺘﱠﻰ َود ُﯿﻨﻬُ ْم َو‬ ُ َ
‫ﯿب َوَﯿ ْﻘﺘُ ُل ا ْﻟ ِﺨ ْﻨ ِز َﯿر‬
َ ‫ﺼﻠ‬
ِ ‫ق اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫َن أرْﺴﻪ ﯿ ْﻘ ِطر ٕوِا ْن ﻟَم ﯿ‬
‫ﺼ ْﺒﻪُ َﺒﻠَ ٌل ﻓََﯿ ُد ﱡ‬ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ُ َ َ ‫ان َﻛﺄ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ َر‬‫ﺎن ُﻤ َﻤ ﱠ‬ِ ‫ﺎض َﻋﻠَْﯿ ِﻪ ﺜَْوَﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻋ ِرﻓُوﻩُ َر ُﺠﻼً َﻤ ْرُﺒوﻋﺎً إِﻟَﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻤ َرِة وا ْﻟَﺒَﯿ‬
َ ْ َ‫َأرَْﯿﺘُ ُﻤوﻩُ ﻓ‬
ِ ِِ ِ ‫اﻹﺴﻼَم وﯿﻬﻠِ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱠ‬ ِ ِِ ِ ‫اﻹﺴﻼَِم ﻓَﯿﻬﻠِ ُ ﱠ‬
ُ‫ﯿﺢ اﻟ ﱠد ﱠﺠﺎ َل َوﺘَﻘَﻊُ اﻷ ََﻤَﻨﺔ‬ َ ‫ك اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻓﻰ َزَﻤﺎﻨﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺴ‬ ْ ُ َ َ ْ ِ ‫ك اﻟﻠﻪُ ﻓﻰ َزَﻤﺎﻨﻪ ا ْﻟﻤﻠَ َل ُﻛﻠﻬَﺎ إِﻻ‬ ُْ ْ ِ ‫ﺎس إِﻟَﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻀﻊُ ا ْﻟ ِﺠ ْزَﯿﺔَ َوَﯿ ْد ُﻋو اﻟﱠﻨ‬
َ ‫َوَﯿ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﱠﺎت ﻻَ ﺘَﻀﱡرُﻫم ﻓَﯿﻤ ُﻛ‬ ِ ‫ﱢﺒﯿﺎن ﺒِﺎ ْﻟﺤﯿ‬
ً‫ﯿن َﺴَﻨﺔ‬ َ ‫ث أ َْرَﺒﻌ‬ َْ ْ ُ َ ُ َ ْ ‫ب اﻟﺼ‬ َ ‫ﺎب َﻤ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻐَﻨِم َوَﯿ ْﻠ َﻌ‬ ُ ‫اﻹﺒِ ِل َواﻟﱢﻨ َﻤ ُﺎر َﻤ َﻊ ا ْﻟَﺒﻘَ ِر َواﻟ ﱢذَﺌ‬
ِ ‫ود ﻤﻊ‬
َ َ ُ ‫ُﺴ‬ ُ ‫ض َﺤﺘﱠﻰ ﺘَْرﺘَ َﻊ اﻷ‬ ِ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻷ َْر‬
‫ون‬ ِ ِ ‫ﺜُﱠم ُﯿﺘَوﻓﱠﻰ وُﯿ ﱢ‬
َ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ َﻋﻠَْﯿﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠ ُﻤ‬ َ َ َ
ÒbexMY êgv‡Îq fvB‡ì gZ; Zuv‡ì gvZ…MY c„_K n‡jI Zuv‡ì `xb GKB| gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmvi wel‡q AvgviB
AwaKvi †ewk; KviY Zuvi I Avgvi gv‡S †Kv‡bv bex †bB| wZwb AeZiY Ki‡eb| hLb †Zvgiv Zuv‡K †`L‡e Zuv‡K wPb‡e:
wZwb ga¨gvK…wZi jvj‡P-ïå gvbyl| Zuvi cwiav‡b nvjKv njy` i‡Oi `ywU Kvco _vK‡e| (cwi”QbœZvi Kvi‡Y) Zuvi gv_vq
cvwb ¯úk© bv Ki‡jI g‡b nq †h Zv †_‡K cvwb co‡Q| wZwb µzk fvO‡eb, k~Ki ea Ki‡eb, wRwhqv AcmviY Ki‡eb,
mKj gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K WvK‡eb| Zuvi mg‡q Bmjvg Qvov Ab¨ mKj ag© wejyß n‡e| Zuvi mg‡qB gvmxn `v¾vj‡K
Avjøvn aŸsm Ki‡eb| Gici c„w_ex‡Z kvwšÍ-wbivcËv cÖwZwôZ n‡e| GgbwK D‡Ui mv‡_ wmsn, Miæi mv‡_ evN I †g‡li
mv‡_ wPZv Pi‡e| wkïiv mvc wb‡q †Lj‡e wKš‘ mvc Zv‡ì ÿwZ Ki‡e bv| wZwb Pwjøk ermi Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb| Gici wZwb
g„ZzëiY Ki‡eb Ges gymwjgMY Zuvi Rvbvhv Av`vq Ki‡e| 633
Av‡iv A‡bK nv`xm G welq ewY©Z| gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡ G welqK KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv mij A‡_© wek¦vm Kiv|
wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ¸‡jv eY©bvg~jK| G¸‡jv NU‡e e‡j ivm~jyjøvn  Rvwb‡q‡Qb| NUvi c‡i wek¦vm Kiv Qvov gywg‡bi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
`vwqZ¡ †bB| Cmv (Av) welqK mKj fwel¨ØvYx hLb cÖKvwkZ n‡e, ZLb †m hy‡Mi gywgbMY ej‡eb, Avj-nvg`y wjjøvn, gynv¤§v`
()-Gi fwel¨ØvYx mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, †Kv‡bv AvjvgZ cwic~Y© cÖKvwkZ nIqvi Av‡M Zv wb‡q M‡elYv-
weZK© ev wek¦vm weåvwšÍi ìRv Db¥y³ K‡i|
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Contents
9. 10. Cmv (Av) nIqvi `vwe`vi

D¤§v‡Zi g‡a¨ †g‡n`x nIqvi `vwe`vi kZ kZ n‡jI wb‡R‡K Cmv Beb gwiqg e‡j `vwe Kivi gZ cvMj c~‡e©
cvIqv hvq wb| KviY mKj nv`x‡mB ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb gwiq‡gi †eUv Cmv| Kv‡RB Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ G‡Kev‡i e×
cvMj bv n‡j wb‡R‡K gwiq‡gi †eUv e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ †Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbx wb‡R‡K gwiq‡gi
†eUv Cmv e‡j `vwe K‡i|
Beb gvRvn AZ¨šÍ `ye©j mb‡ì GKwU nv`x‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q:
ِ ‫ﻻَ اْﻟﻤﻬ ِد ﱡ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ى ِإﻻ ﻋ‬
‫ﯿﺴﻰ ْاﺒ ُن َﻤ ْرَﯿ َم‬ َْ
ÒCmv Beb gwiqg wfbœ gvn`x †bB|Ó 634
nv`xmwUi GKgvÎ eY©bvKvix gynv¤§v` Beby Lvwj` Rvbv`x AÁvZcwiPq e¨w³ Ges nv`xmwUi mb‡` wewfbœ Am½wZ
we`¨gvb| gynvwÏmMY GKgZ †h nv`xmwU AZ¨šÍ `ye©j| A‡b‡K nv`xmwU‡K Rvj e‡j wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb| 635 G nv`xmwU mnxn n‡j
Gi Øviv gvn`xi Aw¯ÍZ¡ A¯^xKvi Kiv †hZ, wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB gwiq‡gi cyÎ Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY A¯^xKvi Kiv †hZ bv| wKš‘
Kvw`qvbx m¤úª`vq wVK wecixZ K‡i‡Q| †Mvjvg Avng` cÖ_‡g wb‡R‡K Ijx, Gici gyRvwÏ`, Gici gvn`x, Gici Cmv Ges
me©‡kl †kÖô bex e‡j `vwe K‡i| G Rvj nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q ÔCmv (Av) wfbœ c„_K †Kv‡bv gvn`x †bB|Õ Avi †m G Rvj nv`xmwUi
Rvj A_© K‡i †m e‡j Ògvn`x Qvov c„_K †Kv‡bv Cmv †bB|Õ Gici †m I Zvi Abymvixiv G Rvj A_©wU‡KB ÔCgvbÕ Gi g~j
evwb‡q‡Q|
m‡e©vcwi, Kvw`qvbxi mKj `vwe-`vIqvB m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e wg_¨v e‡j cÖgvwYZ| †m ivRZ¡ jvf K‡i wb, 40 ermi
ivRZ¡ K‡i wb, Bbmvd I kvwšÍ cÖwZôv K‡i wb... gvn`x ev Cmv (Av) Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv AvjvgZB Zvi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq wb| ZeyI
jÿ jÿ gvbyl Zv‡K gvn`x I Cmv bv‡g wek¦vm Ki‡Q!
LvZgyb byeyIqvZ ev byeyIqv‡Zi cwimgvwßi †NvlYv ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi Ab¨Zg gywRhv| Bn~`x RvwZi BwZnv‡m Avgiv †`wL
†h, ivm~jyjøvn ()-Gi c~‡e© byeyIqv‡Zi aviv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ae¨vnZ wQj| wKš‘ gynv¤§v` ()-Gi c‡i weMZ †ò nvRvi erm‡i
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRbI bex Av‡mb wb| Zviv ivm~jyjøvn  †K bv gvb‡jI ev¯Í‡e †g‡b wb‡q‡Q †h, byeyIqv‡Zi aviv eÜ n‡q
wM‡q‡Q| A_P gymwjg bvgavix‡ì g‡a¨ †Mvjvg Avng`‡K bex e‡j wek¦vm Kiv gvbyl cvIqv hvq!!
9. 11. Cmvqx cÖPviK‡ì cÖZviYv
Gi wecix‡Z L„÷vb wgkbvwiMY Cmv (Av)-Gi AeZiY wel‡q gymwjg‡ì wek¦vm weK…Z K‡i cÖZviYvg~jKfv‡e
gymwjg‡ì‡K L„÷vb evbv‡bvi Ac‡Póvq wjß| mijcÖvY gywmjg‡ì‡K Zviv e‡jb: †h‡nZz Cmv gvmxn Avevi Avm‡eb, Kv‡RB
GLbB Avgv‡ì mK‡ji `vwqZ¡ Zvi ag© MÖnY K‡i cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Kiv!
e¯‘Z weMZ †ò nvRvi eQ‡i L„÷vb wgkbvwiMY gymwjg‡ì‡K ag©všÍi Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ MZ kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K
Zviv wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb, gymwjg‡ì‡K gymwjg †m‡R ag©všÍi Kivi| Zviv Zv‡ì MÖš’¸‡jv Bmjvgx cwifvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i‡Qb Ges
gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ e‡j †eov‡”Qb †h, Zviv L„÷vb bb; Zviv Cmvqx gymjgvb, Zviv KziAvb, BwÄj, ZvIivZ, hveyi meB gv‡bb, Zuviv
gynv¤§v` () I Cmv (Av) Dfq‡KB gv‡bb...| G RvZxq AMwYZ wg_¨vPv‡ii cvkvcvwk Zviv KziAv‡bi wewfbœ AvqvZ D×…Z K‡i
`vwe K‡ib †h, G mKj AvqvZ Zv‡ì ag© mwVK e‡j cÖgvY K‡i| Zv‡ì G mKj cÖZviYvi ¯îƒc Rvb‡Z Avgvi †jLv ÒwKZveyj
†gvKvÏm, BwÄj kixd I Cmvqx ag©Ó cyw¯ÍKvwU cvV Ki‡Z Aby‡iva KiwQ| GLv‡b Cmv gvmx‡ni AeZiY welqK weåvwšÍ ms‡ÿ‡c
ch©v‡jvPbv Kie|
cÖPwjZ BwÄ‡j evievi ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Cmv (Av) Zuvi f³‡ì RxeÏkv‡ZB wKqvgZ NUvi I Zuvi cybivMg‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ
w`‡qwQ‡jb †h cÖwZkÖæZ kZfvM wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| cÖPwjZ BwÄj kixd bvgK cy¯Í‡Ki wb‡¤œi K‡qKwU D×…wZ †`Lyb:
(1) Ò†Kbbv gbyl¨cyÎ Avcb `~ZM‡Yi (angels) mwnZ Avcb wcZvi cÖZv‡c Avwm‡eb, Avi ZLb cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K Zvnvi
wµqvbymv‡i cÖwZdj w`‡eb| Avwg †Zvgvw`M‡K mZ¨ Kwn‡ZwQ, hvnviv GLv‡b ùvovBqv iwnqv‡Q, Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb K‡qK Rb
Av‡Q, hvnviv †Kvb g‡Z g„Zzï Av¯^v` cvB‡e bv, †h ch©š— gbyl¨cyÎ‡K Avcbvi iv‡R¨ Avwm‡Z bv †`wL‡e|Ó gw_ 16/27-28|
(2) ÒAvgiv cÖfyi evK¨ Øviv †Zvgvw`M‡K Bnv ewj‡ZwQ †h, Avgiv hvnviv RxweZ AvwQ, hvnviv cÖfyi AvMgb ch©š— Aewkó
_vwKe, Avgiv †Kvb µ‡gB †mB wb`ªvMZ †jvK‡ì AMÖMvgx nBe bv| KviY cÖfy ¯^qs Avb›àŸwb mn, cÖavb `~‡Zi ie mn, Ges
Ck¦‡ii Z‚ixev`¨ mn ¯^M© nB‡Z bvwgqv Avwm‡eb, Avi hvnviv Lªx‡ó gwiqv‡Q Zvnviv cÖ_‡g DwV‡e| c‡i Avgiv hvnviv RxweZ AvwQ,
hvnviv Aewkó _vwKe, Avgiv AvKv‡k cÖfyi mwnZ mv¶vr Kwievi wbwgË GKm‡½ Zvnv‡ì mwnZ †gN‡hv‡M bxZ nBe; Avi GBiƒ‡c
mZZ cÖfyi m‡½ _vwKe|Ó 1 w_ljbxKxq 4/15-17|
(3) Ò†`L, Avwg †Zvgvw`M‡K GK wbM~pZË¡ ewj; Avgiv mK‡j wb`ªvMZ nBe bv (gwie bv), wKš‘ mK‡j iƒcvš—ixK…Z nBe;
GK gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨, P¶zi cj‡K, †kl Z‚ixaŸwb‡Z nB‡e; †Kbbv Z‚ix (wm½v) evwR‡e, Zvnv‡Z g„‡Ziv A¶q nBqv DÌvwcZ nB‡e,
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Contents

Ges Avgiv iƒcvš—ixK…Z nBe|Ó 1 Kwiš’xq 15/51-52|
(4) ÒAvi wZwb Avgv‡K Kwn‡jb, Zzwg G MÖ‡š’i fveevYxi ePb mKj gy`ªvw¼Z KwiI bv (wjwLI bv); †Kbbv mgq
(wKqvgZ) mwbœKU| †h Aag©Pvix, †m Bnvi c‡iI Aag©vPiY Ki“K Ges †h KjywlZ, †m Bnvi c‡iI KjywlZ nDK; Ges †h
avwg©K, †m Bnvi c‡iI ag©vPiY Ki“K; Ges †h cweÎ, †m Bnvi c‡iI cweÎK…Z nDK|Ó (cÖKvwkZ evK¨/ cÖKvwkZ Kvjvg
22/10-11)
L„÷vb‡ì g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ BwÄj kixd Cmv (Av)-†K AZ¨šÍ AegvbvKifv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q| †hgb, wZwb gvbyl‡ì‡K Mvwj
w`‡Zb (gw_ 16/23, 23/13-33), Ab¨ esk ev a‡g©i gvbyl‡ì k~Ki I KzKzi ej‡Zb (gw_ 7/6; 15/22-28, gvK© 7/25-29),
c~e©eZ©x bex‡ì‡K †Pvi-WvKvZ ej‡Zb (†hvnb 10/7-8), wbiciva gvbyl‡ì‡K Awfkvc w`‡Zb (gw_ 23/35-36), AKvi‡Y
nZ¨v Ki‡Zb (gw_ 21/18-21, gvK© 5/10-14; 11/12-22), Awek¦vmx‡ì‡K wbwe©Pv‡i a‡i a‡i RevB Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡Zb (j~K
19/27), wg_¨v ej‡Zb (gw_ 16/27-28: 19/28: gvK© 2/25-26, 11/23, 16/17-18: j~K 18/29-30, †hvnb 3/13), g` cvb
K‡i gvZvj n‡Zb (j~K 7/34-50, †hvnb 13/4-5), †ek¨v †g‡q‡ì‡K Zuv‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Z I Pz¤^b Ki‡Z w`‡Zb (j~K 7/34-50,
8/1-3, †hvnb 11/1-5), wb‡Ri gv‡qi mv‡_ fq¼i †eqv`we K‡i‡Qb, (gw_ 12/46-50; gvK© 3/31-35; j~K 8/19-21, †hvnb 2/4,
19/26), wZwb AZ¨šÍ fxZ I Kvciæl wQ‡jb (gw_ 26/36-46, 27/38-51; j~K 22/41-46, gvK© 15/27-38)| mvay cj I Zuvi Abymvixiv
Cmv (Av)-†K ÔgvjDbÕ ev Awfkß e‡j `vwe K‡i‡Qb| (MvjvZxq 10-13)| (bvEhy wejøvn!)
L„÷vb cÖPviK‡K ejyb, Avcbviv Cmv (Av)-Gi Abymvix bb, Avcbviv mvay c‡ji Abymvix| Avcbvi Cmv (Av)-†K
AcgvwbZ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zuvi bvg fvw½‡q wkiK-Kzdi cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb AeZiY K‡i cÖ_‡g Avcbv‡ì gZ wg_¨Pvix‡ì‡KB
aŸsm Ki‡eb| Kv‡RB Zuvi wel‡q mvayc‡ji wg_¨v ag© cwiZ¨vM K‡i KziAv‡bi weï× wek¦vm MÖnY K‡i Zuvi cybivMg‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ
MÖnY Kiæb|
†kl K_v:
Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (iv) Zuvi ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ MÖ‡š’i †kl ev‡K¨ e‡j‡Qb: Ògnvb Avjvn hv‡K B”Qv mij c‡_
cwiPvwjZ K‡ib|Ó
evn¨Z wZwb eySv‡”Qb †h, KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K weï× AvKx`v eY©bv KivB Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡| KvD‡K mwVK c‡_
cwiPvwjZ Kivi ÿgZv †Zv Avgv‡ì †bB| iveŸyj Avjvgx‡bi Kv‡Q †n`vqvZ I ZvIdxK cÖv_©bvB gywg‡bi `vwqZ¡| m~iv dvwZnv‡Z
gnvb Avjøvn Avgv‡ì‡K Giƒc `yAv Ki‡Z wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb| ivm~jyjøvn () gnvb Avjøvni Kv‡Q †n`vqvZ cÖv_©bv K‡i `yAv
wkwL‡q‡Qb| Av‡qkv (iv) e‡jb: ivm~jyjvn  Zvnv¾y‡ì mvjv‡Zi ïi“‡Z wb‡¤œi `yAvwU cvV Ki‡Zb:
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫اَﻟﻠّﻬ ﱠم ر ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺎد ِة أَْﻨ‬
َ َ‫ض َﻋﺎﻟِ َم اْﻟ َﻐْﯿ ِب َواﻟ ﱠﺸﻬ‬ ِ ‫ات واﻷ َْر‬ ِ ‫ﺎطر اﻟﺴ‬ ِ
‫ﯿﻤﺎ َﻛ ُﺎﻨوا‬
َ ‫ت ﺘَ ْﺤ ُﻛ ُم َﺒْﯿ َن ﻋَﺒﺎد َك ﻓ‬ َ ‫ﱠﻤ َﺎو‬ َ َ َ‫ب ﺠ ْﺒ َراﺌْﯿ َل َوﻤ ْﯿ َﻛﺎﺌْﯿ َل َ ٕوِا ْﺴ َراﻓْﯿ َل ﻓ‬ َ ُ
‫اط ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَِﻘْﯿٍم‬
ٍ ‫ﺼر‬ِ
َ ‫ﺎء إِﻟَﻰ‬ ُ ‫ي َﻤ ْن ﺘَ َﺸ‬
ِ ِ ‫ف ِﻓ ْﯿ ِﻪ ِﻤ ْن اْﻟﺤ ﱢ‬
ْ ‫ق ﺒِِﺈ ْذﻨ َك إِﱠﻨ َك ﺘَ ْﻬد‬ َ َ ِ‫اﺨﺘُﻠ‬
ْ ‫اﻫ ِدﻨِ ْﻲ ﻟِ َﻤﺎ‬
ْ ‫ون‬ ِ ِِ
َ ُ‫ﻓﯿﻪ َﯿ ْﺨﺘَﻠﻔ‬
Ò†n Avjvn, wReivCj, wgKvCj I Bmivdx‡ji cÖfy, Avmgvbmg~n I c„w_exi mªóv, `„k¨ I A`„‡kï Ávbx, Avcbvi
ev›`viv †h mKj welq wb‡q gZ‡f` KiZ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †m wel‡q AvcwbB dqmvjv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| †h mKj wel‡q mZ¨ ev
n° wba©vi‡Y gZ‡f` n‡q‡Q †m mKj wel‡q Avcwb Avcbvi AbygwZ‡Z Avgv‡K mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki“b| Avcwb hv‡K
B”Qv K‡ib Zv‡K wmivZzj gy¯—vwK‡g cwiPvwjZ K‡ib|Ó 636
Avgiv G `yAvi gva¨‡gB ÔAvj-wdKûj AvKeviÕ-Gi Abyev` I e¨vL¨v †kl KiwQ| mvjvZ I mvjvg ivm~jyjøvn ,
Zuvi cwiRb I mvnexM‡Yi Dci| cÖksmv RMrmg~‡ni cÖwZcvjK Avjøvni wbwgË|
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Bmjvgx AvKx`vi cÖvPxbZg MÖš’

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ

W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyj­vn Rvnv½xi

weµq †K›`ª: 66 c¨vwi`vm †ivW, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100

nvw`qv: 350 (wZbkZ cÂvk) UvKv gvÎ|

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

12. Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z g~j¨vqb /89

2. 4. AvKjx `jxj ev eyw×e„wËK hyw³ I `k©b /233

4. RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœv‡gi mv¶¨ /425

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv I Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi Rxebx I g~j¨vqb

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Avwj‡gi e³e¨ D×„Z KiwQ|

_vKZvg|Ó ÒAve~ nvbxdv gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ †kªô dKxn|Ó 40

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

ÒAvcwË †bBÓ A_© wZwb ÔwmKvnÕ ev wek¦¯— I wbf©i‡hvM¨| 81

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

gh©v`vi mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Qb|

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

(5) nvm&mvb Beb Beivnxg Beb Avãyj­vn wKigvbx (86-186wn)

(6) Beivnxg Beb gynvwRi Beb Rvwei Avj-evRjx

(7) Kvmxi Beb wkbhxi gvwhbx, Ave~ Kzi&iv

(8) Beivnxg Beb BDm~d Beb BmnvK (198 wn)

(9) DevB Beb AveŸvm Beb mvnj

(10) AvmevZ Beb bvmi, Ave~ BDm~d nvg`vbx

12. 2. Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvi g~j¨vqb

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

mvBgvix (463wn) Zuvi mb‡` Bebyj gyevivK †_‡K D×„Z K‡i‡Qb:

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

‫‪Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi‬‬

Avh‡gi iPbvewj Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ e‡jb:

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Avi Avj­vni K_v (Kvjvg) m„ó bq|

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

6. Avj­vni n¯—, gyLgÊj, mËv, †µva, mš‘wó

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

ِ ‫ش و َﻏْﯿ ِر اْﻟ َﻌْر‬

cÖwm× Zvwe-Zvweqx Bgvg mydBqvb Beb DAvBbv (107-198 wn) e‡jb:

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg kvwdqxi Ab¨ QvÎ BDbym Beb Avãyj AvÕjv e‡jb:

ÒGes AvMgb Ki‡jb Avcbvi ie I wdwikZvMY KvZv‡i KvZv‡i|Ó 326

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (ivn) iwPZ Avj-wdKûj AvKevi

W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjvn Rvnv½xi

(5) nvm&mvb Beb Beivnxg Beb Avãyjvn wKigvbx (86-186wn)

Avi Avjvni K_v (Kvjvg) m„ó bq|

6. Avjvni n¯—, gyLgÊj, mËv, †µva, mš‘wó

4. Avjvni ˆbKU¨ I `~iZ¡

welqwU‡K ¯^Ztwm× e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Avjvn e‡jb: