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    FML - Ch12 Textbook

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    Basic Trigonometry 12.0 Review 3 “ Pytagoras’ Theorem Qunior See Topic) + Trigonometrc Ratios Uunior See Tepe) + Trinonometrie Ratios of Special Angles (uior See Tone) + Thiganametic eae Uanir See Topi) + Transformation inthe Coordinate Axis Reflection (unior See Tope) + Transformation about the Origin: Rotation uti See Topi) 12.1. Trigonometric Ratios of Any Angle 6 12.2. Trigonometric Identities 20 12.3. Graphs of Trigonometic Functions 30 12.4. TYigonometic Equations a 121 Understand the angle of rotation and the quant in whch the ane ies 121 Understand the meaning ofthe trigonometric aie of ny ange, 12.2 Une testi Mantis to siolfyexpremins. 123 Understand the graphs of sin, cosine and tangent Function und 124 Find the meas ofthe angle fa the given values of trgonmetic (ee LATE its Children and adults alike love Feris wheels. When a Ferris wheel rotates, ‘we can enjoy the view outside the passenger capsule. Do you know that we can use function to show the relationship between the height of a passenger capsule and time? ‘Suppose a Ferris wheel rotates anticlockwise for one revolution at a constant speed as shown in Fig. Let hrm be the height of passenger capsule A above the centre ofthe whee at time ¢ seconds (if h< 0, the passenger capsule is below the centre) The relationship between h and £ can be represented by the graph ofa fnetion as shown in Fig I 2 £ ela Q&A —— Refer to Fig. an Fi. A. Find in dls of te Feri weak. 10m 2. Suppose each passenger capsule takes 6 minutes to complete one revolution, Find the time taken by a passenger capsule to move from the highest point othe lowest point, »ninss a Review © tesson worksheet 120 ‘A. Pythagoras’ Theorem In ABC, i = 90°, then a? + 8? = 6 ea. In the Figur sa= 49? + 12 om Ina riah-angled trang Inthe gure, 20 = 90 opposite sideof? _ sind = 4 = “ ‘hypotenuse " aacntsdeot Og cos = C= 1 cos = Sines iB pn oosiesdeol@ _ » and = 4S =f IC. Trigonometric Ratios of Specal Angles EIEN Mooi? | sind 5 | cos r ‘8 I T and : on identities EEA For any acute angle D. Trigonometri cord (2) sin?@+.00s°0= 1 (b) tand (©) sint90" — 0 (€) c0s(90° ~ 0) = sind a (6) tan(o0" ~ 6) = £08(90" ~ sind + cos Bsin(90" ~ 0) sindsind + cos eos cos E. Transformation in the Coordinate Axis: Reflection EXIZETSO8 Pte new position are shown inthe following ») fis reflected in the x-axis ofthe y-axis, the coordinates of the able Aas of reflection Coordinates ofthe new position The aan The oo is reflected inthe ass an the y-axis to Q and respectively. The coordinates of Q The coordi tes of R= F. Transformation about the Origin: Rotation ETNIES IF Px, 9) is rotated anticlockwise shout the origin O through 90°, 180" or 220°, the coordinates ofthe new position are shown inthe following table Angle rotated | Coordinates of the new positon | 180 ‘ 210 o- 8. PCA 1) is rotated anticlockwise bout the origin O through 90 1HO" did 270° to Q,R and S respectively The coordinates of Q= (=1., =A) 38 Incach ofthe following, find he value of © ©) © Ineach ofthe follwing, ind the values of sin eos an tan 0 @ © BN © Y | ~ y; % La 7 a Find the valves ofthe fo wing expressions without using &ealeuator (@) sin30" + cos60" (©) sing" tan30 (0) tanas + (€) 60530" tan 60" ~ sin? 45° 1 Simpify the following expressions sin(90" — 6) 1 (@) sindtanco0" ~ 0) (oy so" = 9 fe baer, (a) IF 3 , A) is reflected in the x-axis to Q, find the coordinates of. (©) If S(-2 5) is vefleted in the y-axis to T; find the coordinates (8) IAG , 2) is rotated anticlockwise about the origin O through 90° to B find the coordinates of 2 (©) IF C15 ,~4) is rotated anticlockwise about the 180° to D find the coordinates of D. 5.4 iin Oth (©) If M2 , =1) is rotated anticlockwise about the origin through 270° to N, find the coordinates of N. (1 (2D) trigonometric Ratios of Any Angle FRAC junior secondary level, we learnt How to use the ratios ofthe sides of rightanged triangle to define the thse trigonometric ratios: sin, e050 vultandl where 0” < Oana < 0 sind coal = w= 2 | (GH) The results obtained from the class activity can be summarized by the following ‘CAST" diagram. The "CAST" diagram can help us memorize the signs of trigonometric ratios in the four quadrants. [A: The values ofall trigonometric ratios are 5: Only the values of sine ratios ae positive. ‘Only the values of tangent ratios are posi C: Only the valves of osine ratios are post and=? send, cod 90 es REED crate te Instant Drill Corner 12.3, In each ofthe following, determine the quadrant in which @ ies and the [ar] | 2 eal | Given that cos 0 =~, and @ ties in quadrant II, find the les of sin and tan Solution Let PL, 9) be a point on the terminal side of @ and OP = r Letx="S and r= 13, om B=Ve5 + I= 2549 yeu ye 12 Sic Plies i quant, instant Orit 3 Given that sind = 3 and @ lies in quadrant, find the values of cos and tad. ala Tie PRB coer =F tn te as of sind nd on. Solution Let P(¥, ) be a point onthe terminal side of @ and OP = ies in quadrant I or au ‘When @ lies in quadrant I, =3. < tmd~ ; coud =~ Wen es in guaran WV, let x= Sandy = —3 aa cos =f iste oni Given that and = 3, find the values of ind and cos (tenet radical sign “fn th answer) Instant Drill Corner 12.4 16k that tnd =f and @ ies in guaran Vin the vals of sin and cos ae 2. Given that c08 = ~Ze, where 90° < 0 < 180°, find the values ie cf sind and and, snd 3 3. Given that sind = —2, find the values of cos @ and tan. H radical sign ‘inthe answers.) BD Patterns of the Values of Trigonometric Ratios Class Activity _ Objective: Ta investigate the pattems ofthe values of trigonometric ratios. The figute shows eeetanpular 6 the y-axis (0 P3, Ps is reflected in the x-axis to Py, Py is reflected inthe 1. Complete the table below Point Pi Pe Pe eevordinite | a : revordinate | ; 2. Let OP) =r (@) 0 (8) Let OP, OP, OP; and OPs be the terminal sides of angles of rotation 0, 8 8s and By respectively, Complete the table bel 1. 0P)= on, Angteofrowiiond | 0 | Oh a | a | Ouadrant 1 ’ 1 ’ sino cond cand 3. From the results of Question 2(6), what do you notice? (2) We can always find the same value of sind in quadrant I and quadrant 1 (©) We can always find the same value of cos in quadrant Tand quadrant (6) We can always ind the same value of tad in quadrant [and quadrant Trigonometric Ratios of 0°, 90°, 180", By using the definitions of trigonometric ratios of 270° and 360° can be found trigonometric ratios of 0°, 90", 1807 Ina rectangular coordinate plane, Px 9) is of the hee cases for = 180) ile of rotation 0. and 0 = 27 = 180" = 270" x= —rand y= 0, 7 O andy =r By the definitions of peur | BY ee dion of sinigo* = = 9 =o costo" = $= 5F=-1 tant80" =F = 2 =0 The eases for @ = 0°, 90 The table below summarizes the results and 360 o| o 0 sind | 0 1 cod | 0 uno [0 B Finding Trigonometric Ratios of Any ate left o students as 270° and 360° of OP is. Te following show the sin270 Angle Using a Calculator calculator. Some examples are shown below Keying sequence am) 125 (8 sin 25 0.81919 4 Make se your cleitr is £08286.7 (om) 256.7 HB) (-0.2300~7 ‘teclilyofthe i) fant) in) () 114 8) Instant Drill Corner 12.5 4. Find the values of the following expressions without using & {8} 0590" + tan 180 (8) sin” ~ c0s270" 0 {e) sino" x sin270" 1 (a) 2. Find the values of the following trigonometric ratios using a calculator. 3 decimal places.) (8) sin228° 0707 (6) cos323 (e) tan341.s* -0329 (2) 056-75") 0259 (@) sin(=165") ff) tan 1948" 026 ra 1. Find @in each ofthe following figures, o } eo: 2. Write down the quidrant in which each ofthe fllowin @ 215 (&) 95 (e) 128" unt (a) 30 (2 Write down the qudrants) in which @ lies in each ofthe tons. (Nos. 3-4] 3 (a) 6080 > 0 gual © tand <0 (0) sind > 0 and cos <0 (@) sind < O and tan > 0 goto A. (8) sin? = 0.2 qdont ort! ©) csd= =} " (0) cond > Oand sind 0s (@ sino (a) | o : ols | @ + l 7 In each ofthe following figures, find the values of sin, cos @ and tan, [Nos. 6-8], 6 © pean? 4 M zoe © : Ao & @ neg f © 7 © \ e \ie ee & 3 yy "| i wed} PRED ores 9. Given that cos =~] and 0 ies in quadrant find the values of sin and tanB, bose 10, Given that sind = ~J, and ies in quadrant 1 ind the ves of cos 0 and and. cn? = 3, n= — 14. Given that and = V3, where 180° < 0 < 270°, find the vas of sin Band as. n= ~4P, od'= 4 12, Given wee 270° < 0 < 360% tind the values of sin and tind. sind=— tn = 18, Find the values ofthe following expressions without using calculator. (2) cos0° + tan 180" (©) sin0® + cos 180" ~sin90 (©) tan” X exs270° 0 (90 ie ratios using 8 ealeulator (Nos, 14-18) Find the values of the following trigonom (Give the answers correct to 3 decimal place.) 44, (a) cos 123" -ass () sin340" -03 (e) tan(121°) 104 (8) cos(-65") 0428 18. (@) tn 2768" 1086 (©) sin(-188.5") 01 (6) 0450.5 -000 (8) tan(-1928") 02 46, In each of the following ranges, find an angle 0 whose terminal side 7 a Ei (@) -360" < @< 0" 20 \ (@) 0° <8 < 360" 0 17. Given that 0 s an acute angle in quadeant 1, find the quadrant in which each of the (@) 90.40 (©) 270° -@ Oo) (©) 180° +0 In each ofthe following figures, Find the valves of sin, cos and tan. (Nos. 18-19] 18. (@ + ean O) x 19. (@ ’ ‘ \ a" 20, Given that cos = 2, where 0° << 180°, find the values of sind and tan, sin? = $. : 21, Given that fan@= 2 and sin > 0, find the valves of sin and os — 22, Given that tan@ = 12, find the values of sin and cos. = eae 22, Given tht oon ~ 2 ainda tn — find the values of cos and tan ce ee 24, Given that sind 25, Find he values ofthe following ex (a) sin 180° + 08360" ~tan0" 4 (4) 28360, — 2sin90 Treen 20, ein YPREEED omer (2) trigonometric tdentities EY Relations among Trigonometric Ratios of the Same Angle sin + c08?0= 1, tend For any angle 0, according to the definitions of trigonometric ratios, jon sin" 8+ costa = (2) + ( vnd=2 sin? + cost = 1 tang = sng ty en cue 7 Cg FEED sivnitywne(sino ~ 5) seution —tandsind— o-1) no) ne instant Drill 5 Simply the following expression. ne. 2 (e) cond + 308 (tg -!) : we vate) l om Voi eed | epintaneori Given that tand = 3, find the valu of 25nd = 3080 | EINote: in Example , we can as ind the ves of in ad cos fist by the method shown in Example 4 (P.12.13), and then Find th HEED omoart2 B. simplifying Trigonometric Ratios of n- 90° + 0 to Those of 0 A junior secondary level, we lesen the following identities: cos(oo" 0 tan(90" 0) = hg The uignometic rats of 90° ~ 0 cn be changed into thse of 8 by similar trigonometric identi Objective: To investigate the relationship among the trigonometric ratios of some ales. Use a calculator to complete the following table (Give the answers correct to 2 decimal places if necessary.) ‘Quadrant 1 Quadrant Ht Quadrant Quadrant V 48° | 60° | 120° | 135° [ 150" 300° | 315° [330 on ont -05 a7 5 |-o7 |-087 s 1 [am [=r] 1 [ose 058 2. Using the table in Question 1, find an angle Bs which satisfies each ofthe flowin conditions (a) sin, = sind, where ies in quadrant 1. (B) cos = 8, where Bs lies in quadrant IV 2c | [eve [os (©) tan; = tanB>, where 6) lies in quadrant 11, a [ow | Ee 3, Prom the results of Question 2, guest the following relationships (@) sind =sin(__ 0 o (0) 0050 = eos wo (6) tanO= tan + 8) (8) cos0= sin(__o +O) From the elass activity on the pres © Oand 270" = 6, 360 gles, Now. 8, 180" + 8, Identities involving 90° + 0, 180° + 0, 270° + 0 and 360° + 0 Inthe figure, the terminal side ofan acute ang! origin. The coordinates of P are (a,b) and OP = r is oP where 0 is the By the definitions of the trigonometric ratios of any ange, 4 sind = 2, cosd = When PCa, bis rotated anticlockwise about O through 90", becomes P(-b a) and OP; By the definitions ofthe trlgonometeic ratios of c0s(90" + 6) = 52 an += Hence, hae in(90" +8) = cost cout80" +) = sind a ee 1FB ig not an acute When PCa, bs rotated becomes (a,b) and OP, Simi sinaso" +0)= = cos(i80" +0) = 58 tens0" +8) = 22 sin(180" +) = -sind cost 180" + 8) = —cos8 Si 080" + 6) = tan tan(270) When Pla bs rotated anticlockwise about sin(270" + 6) = 52 2 eos70" +0)=2 "o sin(270° + 0) = cos sind Ss QT0" +9) tan(270° +) = angle, the above identities are stil valid When Pla bis rotated anticlockwise about Cravougn 300" becomes Pa) al OP Similarly sin(260" + 0)= cos(i60" +6) = 2 +o=t sin(360° + 0) = sind s(360" + 9) = e088 une" +O) = tan an Identities involving -0 When PCa , 6) is reflected in the s-axis, it becomes Psla , —b) and OP, = r. Obviously, OP is the tenminal sie of ~0. By the definitions of the trigonometric ratios of any ang sin(-0)= 52, © : = $.eant-0) = sin(-0) = ~sind cs(-0) = e080 tant) = tan Identities involving 90° - 0, 180° - 0, 270° - and 360° - 0 Combining the identities involving ~@ with those involving 90° + 4, 180° + 8, 270° + 8 and 360° + 8, we can dedice the identities involving 0° = 8, 180° ~ 8, 270° ~ B and 360° ~ 0. For exam 90° 9 80" — 0 210" —0 sor-9 | sin 90" — 6) os( 180" — 6 tan(270" — 8) in(360° — 0) Sin[90° + 8)) | = cos{180° + (=O) | =tan[270° 4-0) | =sinl360" +O) cos(-0) cos(—B) H = sin) cos cost) | =~ anor Sind }.— | (The proofs ofthe other identities are left students as an exercise.) sin(90° ~ 8) = cos | sin(180° — 0) crs(90"— B= sind costl80" — 0 ind sin(270" 0) e080 cos(270" — 8) cas | sin(360" - 0) sin os(360" — 9) sind 080 yor a=, NBO" — 8) = tan aggs gat an(360" — 9) = —tand an(90" — 0) = QT - = by In summary, trigonometie ratios of n= 90" + @ where n= 0, 1,2, 3,4) can be changed into those of @ by all the Mentiies mentioned above These identities canbe divided into two types a follows (@) I nis ven (0) Unis ot, in(n-90° +t 8) = sind or ~sind (1-90" & 0) = 0. Bor os (1-90° + 8) = cost or ~vos (190° + = sinBor sind 90" + 8) = tind oF tan (a+50" + = Ly or ~cby 7 SSepssAtss Sees cStu STs SSIES SSESESIpSATAISSCAISS C0 CRT SSE cacES Ochs cELacaTgScaTgcaSTgSacgTa stg eer carers gracag oe ee ase Tgenonaty QUES sing the ‘CAST’ diagram below, we can easily determine and memorize the “+ sian and “sign om the right-hand side of the identities in (a) and (B) on the previous it's 0a © eek Selita oe fant Band | soi) sd) fue all take" el ‘sis: | tome) ' FEEQEID) Simptity te fotowing expresions (2) sin(180" +) ~ c05(270° + 0) (6) tan(-0) -tan(270° — 0) jn saree « eka [BEDI Find the vatues of the following trigonometric ratios (@) sins0" ——(@) cos210° ——(@) tan 315; (@) sin 150 () cos210 (©) tanats a nstant ris Sin(180" — 30°) cos(80° + 30°) £0830 ett 80" += soe tan (360° — 45) ratios without using a (@) sina30 (©) cos 135° 5 (@) tan 240 [Stet tgonomet reson [RRR sete etoving express (0) sin? (0-+90") + sink(@-+ 180 oo Hea ogee © Skbn t rete rH Solon (a) sin®(8-+ 90") + sin?(@+ 180°) 0 + (sind 0+ sin gy esd iva cos? tand (0) sint50* = sin90" +6 (0) cos28" = n270" 609) (6) nats =taaar0" +455) Qononne © TBSca t redo ro 14 ~ To omnd * Tree 1 ea86) $1 ~ on) cowl + cond) ed instant or 9 Simplify he fllowing expressions. (@) co 80" = 0+ sink con 4270" stn 90" — 0 o) (On Sn(0-+ 180°) — cos (0) S60" 0" OFT —Z EEE nae Jarrutor ee Dove EE) Without using a calulator, ind the value of Pty ures Selon cos 100° = cos(270* ~ 170 sin 70 \ : cos" 110° + cos* 160° = 1 : an cos! 120° + c08150 cos? 130° + cos? 40° = 1 eee 08" 100" + coe? 110° + cos? 120° 4+ + eos 170 ae = (cos 100° + cos" 170°) + (cos? 110° + cos? 160") (cos? 120° + cos? 150°) + (cos?130° + cos? 140") site oto Stttitd 2b nstant Dri 10 Without using a calculator, find the value of tang % tan 12° % tan 8 ins Instant Drill Corner 12.6 TP Simntisy (ty — alg +1). ae 2.°Chhen that and = 4 find the vale of 3." Simplify the following expressions 0) RO oa sash we te) en t20 5." Simply the following expres (2) sin® + sin(90" + 0) -c0s( 360 m0" =) et © 5 oa Prin amma as Tignanety EEE wing expressions, [Nos. 1-4] Ce ee 2 1 =sindcosOtand ate 5. Given that cos = 2, Find the value of gai ag. tan22s> —| 38, Without using a calel find the value of sin? 10" + sin? 20" + sin?30° + -sin?80°, =canseio 4 38, Without using calculator, find the vale of tan 100° tan 190° + fan 110" an 200" + an 120" tan 210" + + tam 170° tan260", GER] craphs of trigonometric Functions For any angle x, there corresponds one and only one value of sinx Henee, 9 Bor nto nx is a function of x and is called the sine function. cost and Similary, » ans are also functions of x, and they age | Lat te oop Nits wor nd called the cosine function and tangent function respectively. These three ory EET EQ The Graph of y = sinx ofy(= sina), whore 0° 90° (or x > 270°), and x gets closer and closer to 90° (or 270"), the value of tan doc atinvous (@) There is no maximum value oF minimum value for tan YEE cmon 2 Instant Drill Corner 12.7 Complete the table below (2) |Trigonometrc faction Graph (©) | Aasimum vatue i H ot exist (©) | Minimum vatue q not exist @ Period L a [ 8 By using “1 < sinx < 1 and I < cosx < 1, we can find the maximum and minimum values of some functions involving sinx and cos. (@ y © » mvs of igonametie tno] does +1 3— sins (0 y= 5 hie Solution (a) -1 < cose <1 Maximum value of y= 2(1) + 1 Minimum valve of (®) -1< sing (Ore Maximum value of y= 3 — (1) (tes 1 Minimum value of y Sinaare4 (©) Maximum value of y= Saal or aS aa Minimum value of y ima vale oF ~ wna) instant Orit 17 Find the maximum and minimum values of the fllowing fonctions inv—2 y= Soon +4 (0) y= gahgg mls of gone incon] (Fane ms EEGTE® Fed the maxim and minima values of the following. (a) y=5~3sin" © * (b) y= (Qeosx + 4) o @ Solution (a) 0< sin’ <1 aot Maximum value of y= 5 ~ 310) : -@ dos nd Don't Minimum value of y = 5 ~ 31) Minima vale o PEELS chapter 2 (©) Maximum value of (2eosx +4) = 2(1) + 4 Minimum value of (2sosx + 4) = 2-1) + 4 Maximum value of y= 6 Minimum value of y = 2 > instant Dri 12 Find the maximum and minimum values of the Following function EE ow {EMT 56 (e) yasinte 4 | (O) y= 1— Some (@) y= 02 ~ sina Instant Drill Corner 12.8 {kins} — tom ‘tang ‘tan 4. y= Boose 2 y=2sing-7 y= 5 yet Bey EUS — cos eerie Objective Levelt | Level Find the maximum and minimum values ofthe following functions (Nos, 1-9 1 yeti eheeg yo 3ome 3 A y= deosx = 1 5 y=6-Ssin @ y= al Find the maxima an minimum values ofthe fllowing Functions, (Nos. 10-18] 10, +6 some, y= Seine +1 12, y=deoe 43, y= 6- sinks 4 2 (2Q) trigonometric Equations LQ Finding the Corresponding Angles from Given Trigonometric Ratios jute angle (Le, the angle between 0” and 90") corresponding to given trigonometric ratio. In tis setion, we will learn how to find the angles (between 0 and 360°) corresponding to given trigonometric ratio | Case I: sine = 0.5 Case 2: cose = 0.5 angle. | tienes he ‘toma | Se. * solution tie By the dnty sin 80" ~ 0)= sind, | By the ety cos(360" ~ 0) = cond ree nso” = sino 1 300" = cn Another solution sx = 150 Another sltion is. = 300 30" or 150 60" or 300 lustrates the method for finding x satisfying sinx = ~k, osx =k ortanx =k, where k > O and 0° = x < 360 [ Cove 3: tana = 1 Find an acute angle such | = 52.43", cr. tothe nearest O10 in hich es, lies in quadrant lor quadrant IV Use rigonomenic | By the idemity tan(180" - 0) = —tand, denies to find tan(180" ~ 0) = tana = =13 solution(s. The solution in quadrant I is r= 180 180° — $2.43 By tho identity tan (360" — 0) = “tad, tan(360" ~ 0) = 13 The solution in qusdrant IV is r= 360 360° — 52.43 308°, cor. tothe nearest degree Note: From the graphs below, we ean sce that there are two solutions in each case Case Case 2 Lot k > O and O° < x < 360°. In general, i 8) = oF fx) =k, whee ‘Step 4: Find an acute angle @ such that fla) = &. (a is called a reference angle) Step 2: According to the sign of (x), determine the quadrants) in ‘which lies, Step 9: Ix lies in quadrant 1.x = Molies in quadrant tl, = 180° ~ a, I lies in quadrant I, x = 180° +c, I lies in quadrant IV, x = 360° ~ a y ¥ | : " | Ne - | of adhe 3 | | Fram the above graph From the above graph | wine sing = 12 = 90 when cose = 1,2 = 0° or 360"; | | 70°, | when cos = —1, x = 180 () =U sing < Land 1 < cosx <1 When k > sine = +k and cosa =k have no solutions FEED tn cach ofthe following find x, where 0° < x < 360 SEB (@) tune = 2 (0) cose=-05 (Give the answers correct tothe nearest 0.1" ifnecessa Solution (a) Reference angle a= 63.435", cor. to the nearest 0.001 «lies in quadrant 1 of quadrant I = 63435" or 180" + 63435 x= 634" or 2434", corto the nearest 0.1 (b) Reference ange a = 60) x lie in quadrant If or quant I x= 180° = 60° or 180" + 60" wPinstant Dri 13, find x, where 0° O and 0” 0 quate (0) cossind < 0 quoitan th 6 Insc ofthe following, ind the val 0 and an, Chee a Firat Given that and = = Jan 0 isin quadrant find the valves of sind and cs Given hat sind = —12 and es in qua I, find the valves of cos and tan Given tat cos = $F and 270° < 0 < 360°, ind the valves of ind and tn sin Find the values ofthe following expressions without using caleulstr (4) c0s0" ~ tan80° + sin270" @ ©) erm oe ® i! (0) cosdrnd( © seh (4) tan(=A)+c09(-6) + 608270" + 0) 13. ind the values of the following trigonometric ratios without using calculator (@) 05300 (@) tan(-225") (©) tanaio (@ sint3s” 14, Given tat cos = 4, find the value of git fai 16, Given t 17, Find the maximum and minimum values ofthe following function () y= osx +2 (b) y=3sine=7 fr © y= 55 Oo) ia 7 18. In each ofthe following, find, where O° = @ = 360 (a) tand= 23.05%, 2055" (b) cos = 0.9 258°, 302" (@) sin = 0.27 157, 1643 (e) tand==1.5, where 0° <0-< 270", 1237 () cos = =0.26, where 180" < 0 < 360°, 2549" (©) sind = 0.4, where 0" < 0-< 180 ot (0) 2e050= V7 a9, 225°(@) 20nd =5 248° (6) Asin = F set 144 21. Given that end 22, Given tt e tan 23, Given that sin(90° + 0) ind the values of sin, cos @ and Simplify the following expressions, (Noe. 24-26) $018 are ©) [ohn * Tena (6) sin(180" + 0) -cos?(360° 6+ sin)(360" ~ 6 26, (a) 2sin(270° ~ 0)+sin210" + cos 180 scos@ 9 O) 27, Find the valves ofthe following expressions without using calculator (2) 0s 150° ~ sin 300 () sin(—120") + cos 240 (6) cos210" > 100330 (2) tan240° + tan(-480") ~ an 120 {@) 05570” sin 150° ~ sin(-30 {e) 0s? 10° + cos?20" + cos?30° + + cos? (8) tang3" % tani05" % tam 13" Xo ban 29, If tan(180" ~ 6) = —3, find the vac @) y ©) y= ml (©) y= (1 3coss) (8) y= 2sin?s— cos! msi: 2, Solve the following equations. (Nos. 31-82] (Give the answers correct to the nearest 0. 1, Stand -/3, where 0° < 0 < 180°, 1609°32, V6sind) = -2, whore 0" <0 < 210°. 2 Solve the following equations, where 0° < 0 < 360°, (Nos. 29-38] 88, (sind — 60s =0 30°, 21 24, (2sind + 9sin(90" — 0) =0 ano’, 2789 8. tandsind — sind = 0 0°45 180,228" ><86, 3tanBoos = —tan9 01095 18 2505 7, Ssin= —tand "1015", 1807 2543" 5<38, sin 3tan#= 0 0" 414%, 180" 3186 PEED crore 12 39, ‘The ‘London Eye" is a siant sihtsecing wheel of dinmeter 120m, It has 32 passenger capsules. A rectangular coordinsle system is introduced (4 In Fig. 1,» passenger capsule is rotated about O from P to 0, ‘The angle of rotation is 150°, Find the rie in height when the passenger capsule is moved rom Pt0 0. 20m (©) In Fig, another passenger capsule is rotated about 0 fom P10, The angle of rotation is 8 and the position of Ris at (& , 50). AL tha moment, (Wind the vertical distance between the passenger capsule and the lowest point $ ofthe wheel, 10m (i) find 8, correct to 2 decimal places, 23644 Integrated Questions (cross chapters) 40, In ABC, ZC 60°, Find the values ofthe following without wsing & caleulator, (@) sin( 2+ 28) () tan ZA4 284220 6 41. (8) Solve (Ftany = 1, where 0° < y < 360%, 20°,210 (©) P is «point lying onthe ternal side of an angle 0, Ifthe restangua 42, In the gure, Vis the vertex ofthe graph of y = 4? + 24x 4139, -<(a) Using the method of completing the square, ind the coordinates (©) IF OV is the terminal side ofan ele 8, Find the valves of sin8, 0s and tanh " 42, sind and cos ace the 108 the equation S45 += 0, where 70° < 0 < 360 (0) Find the value of ind + coe (0) By consdering (snd + coe find the valve fk (e) Hence, nthe ave of 3804 Multiple-choice Questions 44, irtand=—$ and Bes in udm then | 4B, 2sin(270" — 0)-cos240 05190" +0) + sin(-0) 2sin 120° -08(180" — 0) = 8 6 A (= WB)o0sd G3 -Nsind ® -3 o. -§ : @ 4 Feosd —v, WF + Vsind 8. -3 Do i 49, Which of the following may represent the graph oy = oss for 0 10 as a © sinks oe v7 : sae a co, sfzaa's ; @ e 3 47, 1F 90° < 0 < 135°, which ofthe following rms sind < cosd I, and < sind ae and only 50. Find the maximum and minimum values of the | 62. If Zens = — where O° < 0 < 360", then Maximum value Minimum vale See A i 5 ©) 150° or 21 e. 1 3 ©. 5 ; 2s the equation sina(cosx ~ 4) = 0 have D. 5 2 a Bo 44 Seu @4 ‘61. ‘The minimum value of is @® 4 a Public Exam Questions 54. [HKCEE 93 (4)) 85. [HKCEE 1 (@)) > G. sins + cos . sins ~ cos oor ‘i BF. DHKCEE 05 (0) Orn 0° © x © 360°, how many distinct e + the equation coss(sina ~ 1) = Oh 58. [HKCEE 08 (63) 62. (HKOSE Sample Paper (A) For 0" < 0 < 360°, the last valu of sin, cos70" = 0) Ae @ sina Ao B. 3sind € ©. sind ~ cos0, D. 2sind + cos. a DB 69, HKDSE Prectice Paper (A) For 0° © 0 < 90°, the least vate of 59, [NKCEE 10(A)] a : 118s an ate angle then tand + tan(90° ~ 6 BF Bai AL une As. B. sind + cosd. B. 6. ©) an neni aod 64, (HKDSE 12 4) 60, [HKCEE 10(8)) T= eost90" = 8) + Tests" =H cos 2° + cos! ; ee Riaee B) 145. ino D. 455, on >. Sand 61. (HKCEE 11) eottand AEs and = ae the angles of 8 ane With | gs. uepse 39,0 arya true? nae ree Ik sing sin 00" 2) <0 AL a ony ' IML copx + c08(90° 3) > 0 8. and It only ©. Mand only AL Land 1 only ©) and i oaly . 1 and ont D. 1,1 and a1 i Unit Test Time: 30 minutes Total marks: 24 marks Conventional Questions () (1 + costs 2. Find the matiman @» ® y= Ov + e086 360" - O91 marks) (ormarks) 8. Solve the following equations, where 0° < 0 < 360" (8) 40s =—2 120°, 200 (mocks) (b) sin — (Sens 0 @ marks) Multiple-choice Questions ark, 2 marks ¢ 4. If sin =a and ies in qonrant then 6. For 0° < 0 < 360°, the minimum valve of a ear + Sand B. Vina oan @ Vi 8. ¥ © 2 D. 20, 5. 1890"

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