Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
(see other local names)
Flag
State emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]
Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
regions claimed but not controlled shown in light green
Hindi
Official languages
English[b][7]
Recognised None[8][9][10]
national languages
Recognised
State level and
regional languages
Eighth Schedule[11]
Religion 79.8% Hinduism
(2011) 14.2% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.7% Sikhism
0.7% Buddhism
0.4% Jainism
0.23% Unaffiliated
0.65% others[14]
See Religion in India
Demonym(s) Indian
Membership UN, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, SCO, G4
nations, Group of
Five, G8+5, G20, Commonwealth of
Nations
Government Federal parliamentary constitutional
republic
Legislature Parliament
Independence
from the United Kingdom
• Dominion 15 August 1947
• Republic 26 January 1950
Area
• Total 3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[d] (7th)
• Water (%) 9.6
Population
• 2018 estimate 1,352,642,280[15][16] (2nd)
• 2011 census 1,210,854,977[17][18] (2nd)
• Density 407.1/km2 (1,054.4/sq mi) (19th)
GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total $12.363 trillion[19] (3rd)
GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total $3.202 trillion[19] (5th)
HDI (2018) 0.647[21]
medium · 129th
Contents
1Etymology
2History
o 2.1Ancient India
o 2.2Medieval India
o 2.3Early modern India
o 2.4Modern India
3Geography
4Biodiversity
5Politics and government
o 5.1Politics
o 5.2Government
o 5.3Administrative divisions
6Foreign, economic and strategic relations
7Economy
o 7.1Industries
o 7.2Socio-economic challenges
8Demographics, languages, and religion
9Culture
o 9.1Art, architecture and literature
o 9.2Performing arts and media
o 9.3Society
o 9.4Clothing
o 9.5Cuisine
o 9.6Sports and recreation
10See also
11Notes
12References
13Bibliography
14External links