Science & Technology

26/04/2020

First merger of two unequal black holes detected, it is dubbed as GW190412

15/03/2020

Glucose controls the the function of a protein called SIRT1 which in turn maintains feed fast cycle and
enhances longevity.

WASP-76b is an Exoplanet which experienced iron rain.

TB drugs bedaquilline,pretomanid and linezolid.

19/01/2020

Truenat is a TB Diagnostic tool developed in India.

26/01/2020

SPINK1 Protein is found in advancing cancer cells in Prostate cancer. Using REST a protein which acts as
cofactor of androgen receptor acts as a repressive agent to SPNK1 gene.

05/01/2020

Synflorix vaccine is for Pneumonia. Pneumonia is 2 nd highest death causing disease for children under 5
yearswith 1, 27,000 deaths annually after diarrhea. Serum Institute of India’s pneumococcal vaccine
PNEUMOSIL is better than existing 10 -valent vaccine.

08/09/2019
TB Drugs- First BCG- Bacillus Calmette Guerin, this drug is effective to infants children under 15 yrs.’ and
also drugs. Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Pretomanid, Bedaquiline.

B cells produce antibodies against bacteria and disable it whereas T Cells kill bacteria.

25/08/2019

Fly ash is hydrophilic but once it is coated with stearic acid it turns into hydrophobic element which
could be used as water proof material .

18/08/2019

3 drug regime for TB= Bedaquilne, Pretomanid and Linezolid

11/8/2019

Irrigation and agriculture shift monsoons to northwestern region in September month due to
evapotranspiration.

Blood vessels are lined by endothelial cells in inner surface and pericyctes on outside but lymph vessels
hae only endothelial cells

04/08/2019

CDV –Canine distemper virus affects the tigers by transmission of virus from infected dogs.

07/07/2019

TESS of NASA discovers smallest exoplanet. TESS-Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched
in 2018.Objective of the mission is to study exoplanets.

30/06/2019

A cardiac biomarker called cardiac troponin is used to detect acute heart attack.

Sun’s corona is outer atmosphere which is hotter than interior of Sun and denser than interior of Sun.
09/06/2019

Superconductivity key properties- Diamagnetism and Zero resistance. Ex nanostructures embedded

with gold-silver show excellent superconductivity at higher temperatures.

Most of global groundwater meet Seas near Tropics and active fault lines than tectonically stable areas.

02/06/2019

Excitons- when electrons from valence band get excited and reaches conduction band they leave holes
in valence bond, this composite mixture of electrons is called exciton. When the spins of hole and
electron are opposite hen hey are called bright Excitons and when same spins are called dark Excitons.

Magnaporth oryzae causes Rice blast ,a disease in rice crops.

01/03/2020

 Colistin resistant Kleibsella bacteria present in most humans gut is a cause of worry. Colistin is
the last resort antibiotic to treat drug resistant bacteria. They are increasingly being used in
poultry , liter of which is used as manure in field where they get into vegetables.
 Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that transmits signals to neurons’. The act as chemical
messengers
 Merkel cell carcinoma is a type of aggressive skin Cancer
 K2- 18B is an exoplanet with similar earth conditions.
 2020AV2 is an asteroid of Venus.

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16/02/2020

Convalescent plasma therapy-Blood plasma containing antibodies against viral diseases from people
who recovered from diseases is given to patients as therapy o control dieses transmission to new cells.
COVID-19 used convalescent plasma therapy and patients showed improvement in Health.

Condesins are protein complexes.

MicroRNAs has 21 nucleotides they regulate protein formation by silencing messenger RNAs.

Urban Heat Islands are region in urban areas where the temperature is more than 2 degree Celsius than
surrounding rural areas. According to IIT Kharagpur report.
09/02/2020

1. Bats inflammatory response against viruses is dampened hence they do not secrete protein
mRNA that activates protein NLPR3.Reverse happens in Humans where inflammatory response
is very high against viruses. Hence Bats donot ge affected by viruses
2. Deinotherium indicum is a long lost elephant species which probably lived in kutch area of
Gujara ,some 10 million years ago

29/12/2019

1. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumour.Gene Biomarkers like Macrophage 1
and macrophage 2 can be used to find out the prognosis and diagnosis of cancer cells which are
found in peripheral blood.
2. Corona is the outer most part of Sun’s Atmosphere and it’s shape was predicted with help from
LASCO instrument of NASA and ESA during July 2 solar eclipse.
3. Musth is a condition where the testosterone levels in male elephants increase multiple no of
times and temporin (a liquid) starts to flow from near their ears.This condition helps old age
elephants to rove and selct females for mating. Nagarhole-Bandipur Asian elephants in
Karnataka show that musth is helpful for older males than the younger ones.
4. Malnutrition in India has been declining but the rate of decline is lower .All over world 200
milion are prone to malnutrition.5 indicators of malnutrition are stunting,
underweight,wasting,low birth weight and anemia.

22/12/2019

15/12/2019

 Protein secreted by Liver Fluke named Fasciola helminth defence molecule-1 (FhHDM-1) can be
used to protect collagen cartilage present between bones during Rheumatoid Arthritis.
 River Saraswati is mentioned in the Rig-Veda. The river Ghaggra is the place where most of the
archeological sites of Harappa age(IVC) are found. This river was perennial in the past, now it is
 monsoon fed as has been found by analyzing the sands 3-10 m below the present Ghaggar
river .Argon-Argon dating analysis was used to study the age of mica in sands.
 Borisov is a Comet 21; it is first interstellar system to come closer to Sun identified by Hubble
telescope.
 4 great observatories of NASA are
1. Spitzer Observatory- Observes infrared light
2. Hubble Space telescope- Observes visible and near UV light
3. Chandra telescope- observes soft X-Rays
4. Compton telescope- Observes Gamma ray ----- This is not operational.
 OSIRIS REX of NASA would touch down on Bennu Asteroid and collect nitrogen and dirt particles.

08/12/2019

1. Typhbar TCV- efficacy 81 %.Typhoid caused by Salmonella typhi Developed by Bharat Biotech.
Tested in Nepal. It is a conjugate vaccine- it means the antigen is chemically linked to carrier
protein. Effective for 9 months- 16 years old. Advantage of this is this can be given to 6 months
old. Pakistan is first country to introduce conjugate vaccine to its children. XDR Typhoid means
drug resistant typhoid found in Pakistan, Bangladesh.
2. India 2nd highest country in terms of children not vaccinated against measles at 2.3 million in
2018. Top 6 countries are 1) Nigeria -2.4 million 2)India- 2.3 million 3)Pakistan -1.4 million
4)Ethiopia- 1.3 million 5)Indonesia- 1.2million 6)Philippines- 0.7 million. In 2017 India had 2.9
million unvaccinated children. WHO standards- 95% coverage using 2 doses. In India first dose is
given during 9-12 months and second dose during 16- 24 months. India started immunizations
under national immunization Programme in 1990s for first does and started second dose during
2010 under WHO recommendations.
3. Coffee- originated in Ethopia, held tight by Arabs as muslims donot drink wine as do westerners,
16th century sufi saint Baba Budan smuggled and planted in Chikmagullur,Karnataka.In India
coffee powder is mixed with chicory .

01/12/2019

1. Anti malaria drug Chloroquine when combined with anti TB drug Isoniazid (or Rifampicin) led to
complete killing of TB causing bacteria. The chloroquine reduces the acidity of bacteria that it
uses to defeat the drug ,once this ability is suppressed isoniazid performs its intended function.
2. Oxygen bars are not legal ,not recognized by laws hence not liable for adverse consequences.
There is no use of oxygen bars as the amount of oxygen in blood does not alter.
 3. MepK is an enzyme which is used to cut mDap- mDap bonds( a type of cross links) in the cell
walls of bacteria containing peptidoglycan ,which latter helps in enlarging and elongation of
bacterial cells.mDap links are more in gram positive bacteria in the range of 80% compared to
gram negative bacteria which has 10 % of them,

24/ 11/2019

1. Measles resistant antibodies from maternal side reduce before 3 months than 6 months.
Measles is a viral disease leading to pneumonia. In India infants are administered vaccination at
9-12 months.
2. AChE and BuChE- these enzymes get affected due to exposure to pesticides by tea plantation
workers affecting their DNA
3. 58.5%children in India are anemic. There is inverse relation between Mother’s age and child
being anemic. Vitamin A and iron deficiencies cause Anemia.23% of Indian men suffered from
Anemia.
4. Gamma ray bursts occur when Stars die into supernova
5. Homologues are genes that ate similar and have common evolutionary ancestor.

17/11/2019

1. High atmospheric temperature of Sun(1million° C) is due to geyser like jets called solar spicules
that emanate at the interface of Photosphere (the surface of Sun- it has a temperature of
5700°C) and corona(Sun’s atmosphere) as found from Goode telescope at Big Bear solar
observatory-the world’s largest. The core of Sun has a temperature of 15 million° C. Spicules
lifetime is 10- 100 Seconds.
2. TB- WHO target – eliminate TB by 2035, Indian Govt. target- eliminate by 2025.India has world’s
largest TB patients. CLRSeeTB is the newly developed battery operated diagnostic tool to find
out bacterial infection in 30 minutes, highly economical, fluorescent microscopy, used at PHC
level, highly sensitive developed by National institute of pathology.
3. Upside down landing of flies- Involves 4 steps 1)Acceleration towards destination 2)Pitch or roll
rotation 3)Flinging all 6 legs 4)Landing with lower limb assisted landing. It makes use of special
structure called halters which help in involuntary landing.
 4. 60 year mega drought was responsible for fall of neo-Assyrian empire between 800- 600BC.
5. Gravastars and Boson stars mimicks black holes, they have bulging poles and flatter centre
while spinning compared to black holes which have other way round. Black holes on merging
emit gravitational waves.
6. Cytochrome b6f is a protein complex that influences photosynthesis.

10/11/19

1. Guanine in G-quadruplexes of DNA is less susceptible to gamma radiation

2. Superbug crisis- Antimicrobial resistance due to excessive use of antibiotics. Doctors too are
responsible for AMR.
3. Meghalaya rainforests are northernmost low tropical rainforests like the equatorial rainforests
along with Namdapha Rainforest in Arunachal Pradesh. They have short trees compared to
those in equators
4. Sulphated polysaccharides (fucoidan) are a class of seaweed extracted medicinal propertied
compounds having anti-inflammatory; antiretroviral.gag24 is a protein that is expressed due to
HIV proliferation.Telofir drug made with seaweed extract helps in fighting HIV disease.

03/11/2019

1. Spodoptera litura is a cotton leaf worm. Cotton leaves release vapours when the worm eats
them , these volatiles (beta-ocimene and linalool )attract wasps which sting the worm and lay
eggs on it. The hatches larvae then feed on worm. The volatiles also help the worm immunize
against the wasp.
2. Receptors like CLEC4E and TLR4 when stimulated and activated on macrophage (White blood
cells) they increased the operation of autophagy (flush out dead cells and regeneration of new
cells by body) and reduced TB cell generation .Anti TB drugs are rifampicin, isoniazid.
3. JW100 is a jellyfish galaxy identified by Astrosat
4. The Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis- that states that extra-terrestrial body crashed into earth
resulting in killing of large scale of species.

27/10/19

1. Increasing trade in amphibians especially in frogs toads, salamanders etc.

2. Semi-Dirac materials like TiO2/V2O3 show different properties when light falls on it in different
directions like it can pass through the material in one direction and can become opaque in other
direction. These can be used in clean technology applications.
20/10/19

1. WHO limit for lead in water is 5ppb.IIT Jodhpur fabricates device that can detect lead in
concentrations as low as 0.018 ppb.
2. IIT Bombay develops sensor that detects zinc in sweat and soil.
3. PLETHORA 2 (PLT2) is a protein that is responsible for regeneration of primary and lateral roots
in plants
4. Ajanta Buddhist paintings are getting damaged due to silver fish, beetles, common bugs which
are accentuated by water from river Waghura providing moisture. UV radiation attracts flies,
birds which can be used as traps for insects .
5. Tumor cells in cervical cancer expresses a protein called RhoC and ROCK2 which protect the
tumor cells from radiation and chemotherapy. So this protein can be defeated to treat patients
with cervical cancer.

13/10/2019

1. National Physics Laboratory, Delhi produced an ink which emits red light(Fluorescence) when a
UV radiation of 254 nm is incident on it and releases green color(Phosphorescence )when the
light is off which could be used as a novel security measure.
2. Sikkim the first organic state has increased presence of butterfly species that has increased due
to organic farming to 700 species.Small wood brown butterfly discovered in Sikkim.268 species
identified.
3. Cysteine is a type of amino acid.
4. Smallpox is eliminated in world. Typhbar TCV( typhoid conjugate vaccine) is WHO approved to
be used for 6 month baby onwards. It is a conjugate vaccine- weak antigen of typhoid germ is
attached to strong antigen of tetanus germ to generate antibodies against bacterial diseases.
This is developed by Bharat biotech

6/10/2019

1. Cas9 is a protein that acts as molecular scissors.FnCas9 protein is the new one that increases
homology directed repair.
2. Asia’s oldest bamboo found in India abour 25 million years ago. Bamboo originated from India in
Asia from Tirap mine in Makum coalfield in Assam. This belonged to Oligocene period 25 million
years ago.
3. Perovskite material compound is used to degrade toxic materials.
4. Non steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs(NSAID) like aspirin may help in reducing air pollution on
lungs.
5. CRISPR is a gene editing technique.
 6. Mono lake is a saline soda lake in California which has a nematode that can survive extreme
environment likely more than 500 times of arsenic can that can be tolerated.

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