Ashish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com [Gapsctanes, . ‘Thus charge flowing through section | isthe sum of charges oa top plate of C, and [eft plate of C, after closing the switeh because initially this sum was zero, which is now given as 84-GE Charge flowing through section? iste difference in charges ofthe right plate ofcapacitor C, which is given as #Mltustrative Example 2.34 Four uncharged capacitors are charged by 24V buttery as shown in the figure-2, 169, How much charge flows through switch S when itis closed? 1a ce px Tv wT 7 Figure 2.169 Solution Initially when switch is open, across the terminals 4 and B as shown in figure-2.170 the potentiat difference is 24V thus the eft and right branches are in series with capacitance (1 2¥(1 +2) = 2/9uP. Thus the charges on capacitors are given as 2 245 = 16 HC ew al o rt ape +, de 7 veep igure 2.170 ‘When switch is closed the circuit will cas shown in figure 2.171 “To cateulate the charges on capacivacs in this case we apply ‘nodal analysis and consider potentials us shown in figure. ar: igure 2371 Writingnodal equation for x, we have 1-24) 4260-0) 1-0) +2029 -0 6-72 > x=DV ‘Thus final charges on the capacitor areas shovm in Figure-2.172 o “T J (0 L ie igure 2.472 Initially on either side ofthe switch the sum af charges on the plates of wo capacitor waszeroand final sum of charges on the plates of the two capacitors on the [eft side is 12uC which is flown toward left when the switch was closed thus charge owing through switch Sis 12 yC towards lef 2.8.2 Heat Produced due to Switching in xcirenit Inarticle 2.2.4 we have discussed the amount ofheat dissipated in process of charging a capacitor which was calcultel by conservation ofenergy In genera when we close a switch in a capacitive circuit then due to redistribution of charges excrgy stored in capacitor changes and batteries incireuit also supply ‘or absorh energy due to flow oF charge through theve batteries and we ean calculate the total foss in energy as dissipation of eatin creat av t an 1 ay | : He s Figure 2.173 www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com B Tn article-2.2.4 we analyzed and calculated this for « single capacitoc. Now consider acircuit shown in igure-2.173 in steady state. In this circuit we are required to calculate theamount of | ‘heat produced on closing the switch S. ‘To calculate the amount of charges lowing through different branches of cirenit we first solve the circuit before and after closing the switch as explained in previous article. The circuit before and after ciosing the switch is shown in Figure-2.174(¢) and(b). In Figure-2.174(a) we can se tht the two BF eapaciters are conriceted in series across 20V batiery, The equivalent capacitance of these two capacitors in series will be SE thus ‘the charge on both capacitors in series willbe 4 x 20= BOC. Which i shown on plates of capacitors in fgure-2,174(a). 20v — aoc od sane) HON -aM.e pau ae @ we @ 48 1 StF ® Figure 2.174 ‘When switch Sisclose then circuitisshown in igure2.174(b). ‘To solve the cireut we use nodal analysis and distribute the potentials at diferent parts of circuit as shown by considering. zero potential reference at the negative terminal of the 10V battery: In this cirert we write nodal equstion for the unknown. potential x as 8G+20-0)+8+4G-10)=0 => se=-30 = 2a 6 As x is known we can calculate final charges on the three capacitors as : Figure-2.175 shows the charges on the plates of the three ‘capacitors with higher potential plate of a capacitor has positive charge. Dw p ene aac | r Eve compare figure-2.174(a) with 2.175 we can caeulate the fuarges which low through batteries, On lett plate of lower Bu capacitcr initial charge was +80uC and after closing the switch itbecame #1124C that means L12~80=324C charge flows fiom tight to left through 20V battery thus work Gone by this battery after closing the switch is given as, —4sc] ac J-t1g9c,,-r129e me © igure 2.175 uF Wy =32 «20% 64ONS 2167) Ifwe look atthe right plate of uF capacit then initially it was vacharged and after closing the switch this plate has +64yC charge which flows in upward direction from 1OV battery thus ‘work dane by hattery after closing the switch is given as Figg = 64% 10 64 2168) If we calculate the total energy stored in capacitors before closing the switch then itis given as j= $410 207 B0u! 2.169) After closing the switch if we calculate the total energy stared inall the capacitors then itis given us 1 Fase ose gyes dx 8x 10% (6) sdegetoexast > UR H Mat S12= isco 2.170) ‘Total energy gained by capacitors due to switching can be calculated by equations-(2.169) and (2.170) which is givea as w-u-u, = a=180-800- 6108 0) ‘By conservation of energy s disoussed in article-2.2.4 the heat produced in circuit due to switching can be given by www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (Espacitance H= Weapesies AU ead oy cance (2.172) Ho Wagy + Wy AT => A= 610+ 640-640-640 0.13) Eguation-(2.172) can be used in gencral for calculation ofheat produced dering switching any circa which s written by energy conservation and can again be written in langwawe as Heat Produced = Woricdouc by ll batteries ina circuit — Energy absorbed by all eapacitors of circuit Boh the terms on right hand side of equation-(2.173) are tobe calculated separately as explained in aboveillustration, ‘Theres an alternative way of calculation of total het produced due to switching by using the change in charge on plates of cach capacitor, expressionally equation-(2.172) is solved in terms of change in chargeson all capacttors then it will reduce tos form given below in eyuation-(2.174) which students can verifyon their own and use this result directly for calculation of heat produced in a capacitive cizcuit. This is given as (40,7 26, In equation-(2.174) Nare the total number of capacitors ofthe cireuit and Aq, is the change in charge on the plates of / capacitor of capacitance C, For a given circuit containing, 8 capacitors, above equation can be expanded as, Ag n= Sh 26, Above relation given in equation 2.175) can be directly used to calealate the amount of heat proviuced on switching in any capacitive circuit. We can also verify the results obtained in above illastration using this expression. (2174) 2175) a 2, Inaboveillustration by comparing figure-2.174{a)and2.175 we can find the difference in charges on the plates of the three capacitors as Aiigge H2~80—32C -48=32nC = 6410 "Thus by equation.(2.175) heat produced can be ealeulated as Si, Oa Aa a 2G | 2 2C, . Te, Dxlo*y Gao! | (Gax10*)* = agexd?y * 2@<10Fy * 24x10) = H= 64+ 644512 CAO 2116) Above equntion-(2.176) is sameascaiclata in equation-(2.358). ‘Thus the expression given in equation-@2.175) is adircet method tocalculate heat produced in acapacitive cireuit on switching, Studentsare advised to resolve al illustration on calculation of heat dissipation discussed after atticle-2.2.4 using equation-(2.175) and verify the results obtained. 4H Mistrative Example 2.35 Figure-2.176 shows a circuit with tres capacitors connected with a battery. What amount of heat will be generated in the circuit whea the switch Ss shifted from position 110 2 + 38 Figure 2.176 Solution If we carefully analyze the cireuit then the equivalent capacitance across battery remains same in both postions 1 and 2 ofthe switch thus dué to shifting of switch there will be ‘no change in, total energy stored in capacitors. Thus energy - absorbed by thc eapacitors on shifting the switch will be zero AU=0 ‘The cquivatent capacitance across the battery is given as _CC+0) Cy 42C Charge on bottom: plate of left capacitor when switch is in position I is given as * G+2e When switch is shifted 10 position 2, as the equivatent capacitance remain same because tide capacitor C, is now in paalle tothe right capacitor so the charge on left capactar afer shifting the switch is given as CHEE 2G Cyne ore www.puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com Be - ~ Genesis] During the process of switching the charge flown through Charge supplied by the battery is q=(2C/3) and the changes battery is given as ‘on capacitors ix open state of switch are shown in fgure-2.178. A S a 4~ 4 > Ag! gee e Lge | e = ‘Work done by the battery during the process of shifting of E switch ftom position | to position 2is given as Figure 2.178 W=agé ‘When the switch iy closed, rightmost capacitor will be shoct : circuited and no charge will reside on its plates. Final COE acitance of the circuit accoss battery will now be given as ° +26 op ney ® ‘Heat dissipated can be given as 2c - WA . In this state final charges on capacitor plates are shown in cGet cqe figure 2.179. > Gs26 9" G42¢ ‘ ¢ Students are advised to solve this illustration using the aE equation-(2.175) to understand the application of direct heat S if caleulaton, Le | e ¢ 4 Mlustrative Example 2.36 In the circuit shown, each capacitor has a capacitance C. The cell voliage is E. Find the amount of cherge Dowing through igure 2.179 « the switch when itis closed and also find the heat dissipated in . the circuit when the switch is closed, Left side ofthe switch is connected tothe noi junction Mon .s ‘which in its open state sum of the charges on the three plates ¢ pe ofapacitors was 0 and in closed tate itis -2CE thus from the ry ___ switeh 2CE amount ofcharge flows from left to right when itis tt ctosed. Ly! - € On the left plates ofthe two capacitgrs which are connected 0 battery. total charge initially bufore closing the switch was , 42CECS and after closing the switch it is +2CE thus the total = ¢ charge flown through the battery is Figure 2.177 vee agence 208. ACE Solution 33 ‘Taus in the process of closing the switch work dene by the ‘battery in redistribution of charges is given as (ec) _2 Wa tg p= ACE 17) Gy C+2C 3° 3 www.puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com Eeapeci . Initial energy stored inal the capacitors when switch was in open state is given as @im + Alter closing the switch tolal energy stored in capacitors is i e given as . . & 1 U=sCOE=CH QU) , Sov {a the process of closing the switch energy absorbed by the capacitors is given as igure 2.181 aw-u;-¥, He) 20RC; (b) 0.3mF; (@) B.6mI; (8) 602] : Git) Twocapacitors of capacitance {pF and 2uP sre charged ‘to potential difference 20V and 1SV as shown in figure-2.182. If now terminal B and C are connected together and terminal A vith positive terminal of a 30V battery and D with negative H=W-oU tcaminal of battery as shown in figure-2.182(b) then find the final changes on both the capecitor after closing the switch S. By conservation of energy, heat dissipation is given as _ 2 he ae = © a Practice Exercise 2.6 tS @ _Inthecizeuit shown in the Sgure-2180, initialyswitch 7. js open. When the switch is closed, find the charge passing Sov through the switch and the direction of charge flow. oy Piguee 2.182 30 soy ue 2c, Bac 4 4 2 wel Gv) Find the charge which flows fom point 4 to B, wea T " switch is closed. igure 2 4 Sy . {646,410 2) coc ¢ (@) Three capacitor each having capacitance C~ 2p are ‘connected with a 30V battery as shown in figure-2.181, When. the switch S's closed. Find 5 (@) the amount of charge flown through the battery t (©) the heat yemerated it the circuit (© the energy supplied by the battery (9) theamountofcharge flown through theswiteh Sp. Ser) Figure 2.183 www.puucho.com-————ashist Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with Www.puucho.conr oa . In above figure-2.190(b) {fwe reduce the length of connecting, wires between the three capacitors to zero then these three ‘capacitors in serics wil look exactly like figure-2.190(a) and the Pi ck te opuccx bongs os Fotis an iter aon ae onda in andnormat to electric field. ‘The capacitance ofthe three capacitor shown in figure-2.191 can be given as ake eA ke A ’ Gn BE gn BA od Ge o ‘As ese are considered in series equivalent capacitance ofthe Figore 2291 capacitor can be given as In this case we eam consider that three capacitors flled with Ayia three dicleetrics are connected in parallel asthe top plate and oatg botiou plate of above capacitor are common for the three dielectrics so we can split itas shown in figure-2,191(b). The * * 5 roy L capacitance ofthe three capacitors showm here can be given as, - KoA) (oa (aes hese. _beemb enh ME 4 4 SAEPE Ge ES and C= BEEP ‘The equivalent capacitance of above capacitor can be given by = — 4 (0.183) Parallel combination ofthese three capacitors as a : bee CHO ete, vhs . Kexb Kernh bomb For the situation shown in igure-2.190(a) the capacitatice of = C=“ + SEE SEAS the capacitor is given by equatios-(2.183). This equation can fed to. i ich is given as é ‘be modified to Vslats filling the capacitor whieh i gi > o= bay thy rhy) 2185) 2.184) For the situation show in figute-2.190(a) the capacitance of the capacitor is givea by equation-(2.185). This equation ean, bbe modified to N labs filling the capacitor which i given as (Case-II: Multiple Slabs in Capacitor Normal to Plates ¢ ea thyt. acthyt) (2.186) Figure-2.191(a) shows a pareilel plate capacitor having. ‘ectangular plates of size (7 5) of plate area 4=(b and plate 2.9.3 Partial Filling ofa Dielectric in a Capacttor separation d. The capacitor is filled with three diclectrc slabs of dielectric constants ky, kp and f, with equal longths b and Figure-2.192 shows peralle{ plate capacitor which is partially widths x1, x and x, and equal thicknesses d such that whole filed with adilectricslab of thickness std) area equal tothat space between the plates is filled with these dielectrics. ‘ofthe plates, In this cascals lke previous artiele we can consider itasa series combination of two capacitors, one with dielectric ‘other is without dielectric, The capacitance of this capacitor ‘ean be determined by using equation-(2.183) given es strea 4 4 : =A Tai oa) = c a4) ~-@187) www.puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com beta igure 2.192 In figure-2 190 ifthe order of dielectric slabs is changed between the capacitor plates then hy equation-(2.183) i is clear that it does not make any difference on the value of capacitance of ‘thissystem, Thus in figure-2.192alsothe capacitance will remain same if postion of dielectric stab is changed or its displaced anywhere between the plates as shown in figure-2.83. Ka S Fesiete ciel aged! igave 2.193, 2.94 Capacitance Calculation by Variation of Parameters, ‘The copacitance of parallel platecapacitor filled witha dielectric can be directly calculated as & times the capacitance without dieleottic where & is the dielectric constant of the dielectric filled in it, The cases we've considered till now are these in which isa constant through the dielectric slab volume which may not be the case always, We consider end analyze two ‘cases of variation of dielectric constant ina capacitor similar to the two eases discussed in article-2.9.2. These eases we will discuss with illustrations to understand the spplication of the ‘concept in different situations. ‘Case-1: Variation of Dielectric Constant along the Ptates ‘Consider 2 diclectri filled in a parallel plate capacitor of plate ‘area A= and plate separation das shown in figure-2.194(a) of ‘which the dielectric constant varies with distance along the plates according tothe below piven relation, k=art6 = @.188) ee) —f — eT © Figure 2.194 “To determine the capacitance of this capacitor we consider an elemental capacitor section of width dx as shown in figure-2.194(b). In such a small section of width dr we can consider that the dielectric constant docs not vary and given. toy equation-(2.189). The capacitance ofthis elemental capacitor section is given as . sow bbis at Allsuch elemental sections have their upper and lower plate of area bd connected together as overall top and bottom plates of the capacitor. Thus all such clemental sections ean be considered in parallel eombination thas overall capacitance of this capacitor can be give by susaming up capacitance ofall such elemental scetions whieh ean be given as c pkey bax facets 2.190) www.puucho.comFigure-2.198(a) shows « parallel plate cepecitor ofeapacitance Connected toa voltage source ¥ due 10 which the capacitor is ‘charged tothe steady state charge g~= Cand initial energy in ‘sapacitor is given as U= 0.5CV? which is stored inthe electric field strength between the plates given as E = g/4e, or also given as B= Vd. Peers = © Figure 2.198 ‘When a dielectric stab is inserted in this capacitor as shown in, Sigure-?.198(b) which fils the space between plates then after insertion the physical quaatities associated with capacitor changes as Histed in table bslow. As battery remain connected luring insertion of slab the potential ditference across capacitor docs not change in this ease, ' AShish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2 ET eapasatanea Tablet aa yet law tetwetnerion | cf re |e | « | o Ate Insti 2.98 Effect of Dielectric Insertion in a Charged Capacitor not connected toa Battery Figure 2.199() shows a parallel platecapacitor ofeapacitance C which is charged to s charge g and disconnected ftom the voltage source, When the dielectric slab is inserted in this capacitor as shown in figure-2.199(b) which fills the space between plates then after insertion of diolectrc the physical quantities associated with capacitor changes as lated in table below. As capacitor is charged and not connected in any circuit, its charge will ranmain constant and does not change while insertion, of dictectric sab. a w F ® ¥ 2 “a @ Figure 2.199) ‘www.puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com . 8 When adiletiofsize equal the space between the plates isinserted fran one side along the length of theplates asshown, {Gapactaneo - Tan ; in figure-2.20100). Beroiwsesion | c | ¢ | & | @ | o pia talvde ee oa 2.9.9 Furce on Dielectric during Insertion ina Capacitor ‘When a diclectrc slab ie inserted in un initially charged parallel plate capacitor then duc fo electri field between the plates of capacitor uppwsite bound tharges are induced on the dielectric ‘and while insertion duetoftinging ofelectri ines at the edges ‘of plates, a component of electric fick along the surface polls the dielectric inside the region belwean the plates as showa in Figuro-2.200, Figure 2.200 To calculate the force mathematically we use work energy thenremn instead of calculating itby clextris fel a it will eéome complex to analyze the electric field in the egion of fringing, ‘We can see that in figure-2.200 when due io the force the diclecric slab is pulled inside the region between the plates the dielectric fills the space and the field energy in this region changes so the work done in pulling the dielectric inside the platesis due otis ciange in energy. Thus the force on dielectric slab can be given as Ju a 2.199) Using theabove equation-(2.199) the magnitude of force palling, the dielectric inside capacitor ean be calculated, Figure-2.20 1 (a) shows a parallel place enpacitor of plate area A= Ib and plate seperation d connected toa battery of voltage V and the capacitor is in steady state. o Wigare 2.201 ‘As shown in figuro-2.201(8) when dielectric is inserted upto a distance x along the length of plates the instantaneous capacitance at this instant can be given by using cequation-{2.185)as C=C +g EC) | key xb = co 7 = > =A este) “The energy stored in capacitor at this instant can be given as Lop u50r" => gu ASP -eem > (2200) ala ‘When the diclectric inserted in capacitor the encrgy stored in capacitor decreases and as batery is eomnesed across the capacitor it supplies more eneegy othe eapacito. ITF isthe foros acing on the diloncie then ican be caleuleed by wing cequation-(2.199) given as (2201) ‘The expression of force in above equation-(2.201) is independent ofthe displacement ofthe dielectric slabbetween the plate. Thus the force oa dielectric slab in situation when ‘capacitor is connected to a battery remain constant throughout. www, puucho.com* Ashish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com [ees [we vosider a situation when ansoltadexpactor is initally having some charge (2 on its plates and then we inserta dielectric slab between its plates as shown in figure-2.202 then theenergy stored in it as a function of x can be given as a XE +E) u 1S Beasts) om Now the force on dielectric slab can be given as Gd(k—1) De it-zemy O08) Figure 2.202 ‘When diclecticis inserted in a capacitor while battery remains ‘connected as shown in figure-2.201 then for siow insertion of slab external agent has todo negative work in supporting the slab by an outward force so that it will not gain any kinetic ‘energy. The work dime in insertion of slab can be given as > (2.208) 2twe calelate the diffrencsin enerxy stored in capacitor before and afte insertion of the dilectre sla then it is given as AU=U;-U, Lops Lacy j= 5 CV sey = AU= 50K ~> = au=LorGy £2205) Now we calouate the work done by battery ia the process of insertion of dielectric slab in capacitor which is given as Waa Av = M=acr-cny = RCP) 2.206) Fromthe above equatons-(2.188), (2.189) andl (2.190) by sing conservation of energy we ean caloulate the heat produced which is given as AU a) ‘Thus in slow insertion ofa dielectric slab in a eepacitor no heat {is produced. Ifiaserton isnot slow ten dielectric slab wall gain some kinetic energy and it wil oscillate between the plates and dducto friction when oscillations will damp thekinetic energy of electric slab willbe dissipated as heat. In this analysis we are neglecting the work done in polasization of te dielectric which isveey small. 2.9.10Dieleetrie Breakdown in a Capacitor In previous chapter we've studied abnut diclectric breakdown in which all the dipotes of a dielectric medium breaks by thé stretching force ducto an external clectric fcld applied on the ‘medium. Breaking of dipole makes the medium behave like a ‘conductor. Every conductor has. specific ‘Dielectric Sirength” (or “Breakdown Sirength’ which is the maximum electric upto ‘which medium behave ws an insulator after which it breaks dovm and starts conducting, fin capacitor adiclectric‘s filled in the space between plates then itis also polarized ducto the electric field doe tothe charges ‘on plates of capacitor. If this electric field increases beyond the ‘breakdow strength ofthis diclectric then it breaks down and short circuits the two plates of capacitor ater which the ‘capacitor behaves like a conducting wire and no longer aets as capacitor. # Mustrative Example 2.37 Find out capacitance between 4 and B ihree dielectric slabs of dielectric constant K, ofarea 4, and thickness dX, of area dy and thickness d, and, ofarea 4, and thickness doe inserted botwoen the plates of parallel plate capacitor of plate aca d as shown in figure-2.203, (Given distance between the twoplates a Figure 2.209 www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com H 2 Figure 2.20 ARK eo AK €o Rada Kae ytd, A Mustrative Example 2.38 A parallel plate capacitor is maintained ata certain potential Aifference, when a3 mm thick sab is ntcoduced between the plates, In order to maintain the same potential difference, the 99-354 1080 ‘The free charge density on cach plate is given by sto oye f= SE erase? The electric Held intensity £, is given by ¥, _ 10,000 on TT peg 72 ete ‘The displacement Dg is given by Dy=bfy= 04> 1.77 «10° Ch? www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (&) When the battery is removed, the new capacitance C is given by Key co =xe, = C5 x B,54 107) = 1.77 10 farad ‘The given potential difference Vis given by to 354x107 Cire P=200v = (©) We know that the insertion of a dielectric between the capacitor plates does not alter the displacement, because the free charge (,=3.54 * 10°5C) remains constant. Hence Dee 1.71% 10 Cin? Let E, and £, be the electric intensities in dielectric and 2, then = > 5685x107) D L7Tx1O% Rate e.85s10 = y= 10x 105Vim ‘The potential difference across the dielectrics 1 and 2 are Bd, = (4* 108 Vim) «(2 «103m = ¥,=800V and y= Eydy= (10% 10°Vim) x * 107m) = ¥,~2000 In the above analysis we've discussed a new characteristic property of electric field strength called ‘Displacement Fector’, ‘This isa physical quantity which doesnot change with medium ‘when electric fckl penetrates amediuan, Numerically it measures the surface density of free charges on the surface ftom which clectrie Feld is originated and considered to remain constantas source ofelectic field. Students eat solve the above question without using displacement also, # Mlustrative Example 2.43 tn thearrangement shown in figure-2,211, adielectrc slab of dicloctic constant K is partially insidea parallel plate capacitor. Assuming gravity tobe absent, calealate the extension in the springifthe whiotesystem isin equilibrium Iftheslebisslightly displaced will it perform SHM? If the battery is disconneoted and then the slab is slightly displaced, will it perform SHM? Givea that /is the length of the plate, b is the breadth of plates and d is the separation between the plates. 7 = pewetel Figure 2.211 Solution ‘At equilibrium the force on dietectric sla is balanced by the spring force. Is the extension in spring, wehave Fok ‘When battery is connected across the capacitor then'the force on dielectrics given by the equation-(2.200) which gives Lys 8b, QOD) ate [As the force om dielectric is constant and does not depend ‘upon x, it will mot execute SEM. ‘When battery is disconnected after charging the capacitor the force on dictectric slab is given by the equation-(2.202) which gives Qak-) 2e, Wl=x+k0) Solving the above equation we can calculate the value of, In this case force depends upon x but nota Linear function so in this case alsoit will not execute SHM. #Mllustrative Example 246 Figure shows two parallel plate capacitors with ixed plates and connected to two batteries. The separation between th plates isthe sare for the two capacitors. The plates are rectangular in shape with width b and Tength f, and f, The left half of the www. puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com ‘Neglecting any fiction, find the ratio ofthe voltage ofthe left battery to that ofthe right battery for which the dielectric slab ‘mayreniain in'oquilfbrium. ol Figure 2.212 Solution The force on a dielectric for constant potential is given by ‘oquation-(2.201}as - gb? 2d ey For equilibrium of the slab, force by the two capacitors on dieléctries must be equal which gives . P= For wb!) _ DE, 2d 2d . 4 fe Ke . > %, Vet 4H Mustrative Example 2.47 “Theres a double layer cylindrical capacitor whose parametets are shown in figure-2.213 .The breaksown field strength values for these dielectrics are equal to £, and B, respectively. What is the breakdown voltage ofthis capacitor ife,2, £, males] - Yee PIR, to RyRy 2ntyl & . Bute,R, <4, Hand for breakdown, £,¢, Ry = By6, Rs hence Eis the maximum value at which breakdown wil coeur. Hence the breakdown voltage betwecn the plates is ‘A llkustrative Example 248 ‘Between the plats ofa parallel plate capacitor thereis ametallic plate whose thickness takes up n= 0.60 of te capacitor gap. ‘When that plateis absent the capacitor hasa capacity C=20 nF. The capacitor is counceted to a constant voltage source = 100¥. The metallic plate is slowly extracted from the gap, Find the mechanical work performed in the process of plate extraction, ‘Solution = C= 2.5 Cywith tab = c™S0aF Wb WaggO : Wa Way 1 = Wag AU= 3(C-C) = Wog™ 150-20) 109 (1007 > Wyn 3 30% 10% 108 = Bg= 1521057 = Way = 15000 www. puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com [caption - A tlustrative Example 2.49 Consider the situation shown in figuze-2.214. The plates ofthe . capacitor have plate arca 4 and are clamped in the Laboratory. ‘The dielecivic slabis released from rest wit length 2 insidetbe as capacitor. Neglecting any effet of ction or gravity, show that the slab wll execute periodic motion and find its ime period. Figure2.215 Figere 2.214 ‘s Satution Solution ‘When the switch is closed due to the upwatd force oa liquid because of polarization it starts raising up between the piates and upto a level where the upward force on liquid balances its ‘weight. [fit is raised uptoa height has shown in figure-2.216 Forve on dielectric slab wheu battery is connected is pe Bea KW? and battery is connected to the capacitor we use 2d esqution (2.201) far the force on delete tid, ALequilibrun “Time tkea by slab when itis completely inside the eapacitor op 1) = Abdpe is 5 (T= Timepariod) . ae) S=utt sat 2d*pg 1(F\(ry YS _s a2 (A\(E 1 Ff ‘ 2H)(3) , 1 pMd-a a F pas (2m beg(K- 1? (= width of plates, Mf= mass of slab) #Mlustrative Example 2.50 Figure-216 ‘Figure-2.215 shows a parallel plate capacitor of plate area 4 “with separation lconncete to battery viaa switch 8: Capacitor pletesare kept vertical and touched on thesurfaxeofaliquidel pieure.2 917 shows a tal parallel plate capacitor dansity p 98 shown, IF is closed find the height between |gqered ona liquid surface in such away thats Lower plates plates to which the liquid level will rise. {just submerged in the liquid of dielectric constant &. Find the *#Mllustrative Example 2.51 www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com is : Iheightto which the liquid level will braised between the plates ‘the capacitor plates are piven a surfice charge density toand -6 on its plates. Figare2217 Solution When capacitor plates are given charges then duc to polarization on the liquid dielectric bound charges of surface , dousity 0, appear and its surface experiences an upward force due to which itis raised up to some height as shown in figure-2.218 upto a level where the upward farce on the top surface balances the weight ofthe liquid raised. : ‘The electric force acts on the top surface of liquid and due to cohesive force among liquid particles whole liquid will beheld stationary in equititrium, Figure-2218 Ifthe surface area of plates is taken a8 S, at equilibrium weuse It can also be thought to solve the above situation using conservation of energy as no battery is connected but whea the Kiquid is raised between the plates it gains kinetic energy and oscillates about the equilibriam level aad finally settles at equilibrium level after dissipating the kinctic energy gained by ‘he liquid pacticlesin internal friction soin such cases weeannot ‘use conservation of energy to find the cquilibrium level 2.10 Current in a Capacitor ‘This s intially discussed when a capacitor isconnected across a battery ot in a vieuit, current flows through the connecting wires til dhe potential differerice across capacitor plates became ‘equal fothat ofthe applied battery across it and then capacitor * is said to be in steady state. (Once steady state is attained capacitors sid tobe fully charged and no cuetent flows throsgh capacitor. Before steady state potential difference across capacitor would be changing and charge on its plates would also be changing and the current through the connecting wires is given as Figure-2.219 shows a capacitor in which current is flowing in. ‘opposite directions. As current denotes the flow of positive changes in figure-2.219(e) the current increases the charge on. plates of capacitor and in figure-2.219(b) current deercases the charges on plates of capacitor thats why these currents are written as © Pigure-2.219 Ta capacitor connected across a battery in steady state then no current would be flowing through it and if any of its parameters starts changing with time then capacitance starts ‘varying with time duc to which charge on its plats also changes with time and it causes a continuous flow of current wich is siven by differentiating the instantaneous cherge on plates of capacitor which is given as v 3€C starts varying with time then carrent in connecting witesis sven as . a. e215) If instead of capacitance, applied voltage starts varying with time then curcent i given as a ac 7 a . dt (2214) www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (ea f both capacitance and applied voltage vary with time in a situation then eurrent is given as +2215) ‘We will discuss some illustrations to understand this better. Figure-2.220 shows a capacitor C of capacitance 4uF connected toa time varying voltage H()= 0.06 + 0.0841 +0.7 volt. We ‘willcalculate the current in comaceting wires at = 4s. c t val ¥ . Figore-2.220 |fno resistances are ‘here in connecting wires, we ean consider that steady state is achieved by the capacitor quickly and its ‘instantaneous charge is given as “7 = i (0.062-+0041+0.7) > 40247 +0,161+28 Current in cirouit at = 43 is given as 0.481-+0.16=0.4814) + 0.16=2.08A, Figure 2.221 shows a capacitor connected to a battery, The capacitor plates are connected to an assembly by which the separation between the plates can be changed. If at = 0» ‘capacitor plates start receding apart at speed v each then at a general time instant =f plate separation will bed + 2e and at this instant chaige on capacitor plates can be given as, aA 4 Ray on @216) it Rd oe y= <5 igure 2.223 ‘The current in connecting wires can be given as po Me rer A 21 a ean eat Equotion-(2.198) gives the current in the connecting wires asa funetion of time. [fat any time plates stop then current also ‘becomes zero and final charge on capacitor at that instant is sven byeqation-(2.197), # Mtastrative Example 2.52 A parallel plate capacitor is made by fixing two plates inside of ‘ container as show in figure-?,222, The plates are connected toa battery of voltage M. Ifat?=0 the tap is opened fram which aliquid of dielectric constant & stars filling in the container at ‘constant rate ofr m%, find the current in connecting wires 25 ‘a fmetion of time. Neglect any resistance in connecting wires. Figarea.322 Solution ‘Atany time height ofliquid inthe container ix then tis given as xbdert 1 = “a + @218) www.puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com Atte ¢= the systern behaves like two capacitors in pall (One with dicioctric upto height x and other with airas shown’ ‘igure 2.222, Instantaneous capacitance of this capaciter is giver as key xb 6 0-mb a a Instaneous charge on capacitor is given as anny ‘Current ia connecting wires can be given as Age Group - Grade 11 & 12 | Age 17-19 Years, | Sections BEECTROSTATICS 4 Topic Capacitance Modiile Namber- 30040 Practice Bercise 2.7 (A pparaltel plate capacitor of pate area 4 = 10m? and plate separation d= 16-2 s charped to Fy= 100V. Then after removing the charging battery, slab of insulating materkat of thickness b=0.5 « 10%mand dielectric eonstant k= 7s inserted between the plates. Calculate the fre charge on the plates of ‘the capaciter electro field intensity in air, electric fed intensity jn the diclectric, potential difference between the plates and capacitance with dielectric present between plat teen Gi) A potential difference of 100V is applied between the plates of paralel plate capacitor, which are Lem apart. One of the plates is in contact with a plane parallel plate oferystalline thaltium bromide (~ 173) 9.5men thick. After the capacitor is disconnect from the souree of power, thé erystalline plate is tmoved, What will be the potential difference between the plates after this is donc? (e02v] (iil) A cylindrical layer of diclectric with diclectric constant ‘is inserted into a cylindrical capacitor to Ali up ll thespace between the electrodes. The mean radius of the electrodes is equal to R, the gap between them is equal to d with << R.A constant voltage ¥ is appiied across the electrodes of the capacitor. Find the magnitude of the electric force pulling the diclectric into the capacitor. wey? a ea 0y () Two parallet plate capacitors 4 aud B have the same separation d—8.85 « 104m betsicen the plates. The plate arca of Aand Bare 0.04? and 0.02? respectively. A slabof dileetic constant k= 9 has dimensions such that itcan exactiy fll the space between the plates of capacitor 8, G@ The dielectric slab is placed inside 4 as shown in figute-2.223(a). Ais then charged to potential difference of HOV. Calculate the capacitance of 4 and the energy stored in it. () Thebatteryis disconnected and then the dicleetric sib isnemoved from 4, Find the work done by the external agency ‘in emoving the slab from A. (©) The sume dielectric sab is now placed inside B, filling it completely. The to capacitors 4 and B are then connected as showm in figure-2.223(c). Calenlate the energy stored in the system. @ Figure 2.196 1) 2 «107 F 123 «105, 0) 488 x 10%, Lx 161 an T ® @ (Two parallel plate air filled capacitors, each of capacitance Care joined in series to » source. of eonstent voltage 7. The space between the plates ofone ofthe capacitors is the completely filed up with « uniform dielectric having dielectric constant &. (@) . How many times the electric field strength in that capacitor decrease ? (0) Whatunous of cage fo fxough etatay? (£2). (9) www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (spacianen . (Qi) ‘The gap berwoen the plates of a parallel-phate capacitor is filled with isotropie dieletric whose relative permittivity « varies linearly from ¢, 0 €, (¢,> @,) in the direction perpendicular tothe plates, The area of eack plate is equal to.4, the separation between the plates is equal to d. Find the capacitance ofthe capacitor. (Gcsledy anh (i) A leaky parallel capacitor is filled completely with @ material having dielectric constant K = 5 and electrical conductivity o= 7.4% 10"! mc, Ifthe charge on the plate atthe instant s+ 0 is g= 8.85 pC, then calculate the leakage (0-pa1 (i) Two parallet conducting plates of area 4 charge-+yand gare as showin is figure-2.224. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant & and thickness d and a conducting plate of seme thickness dis inserted between them. Taking x™ Oat positive plate and.x= Sd at negative plate, plot Excand Fx graphs. Here Eisthe cloteic field and Vthe potential. ul mi {is} _A paratfel plate capacitor ishalf filled with a dielectricof relative permittivity & and of mass M. Capacitor is attached ‘witha cell of voltage E. Plates ate held fixed on smooth insulating horizontal surface, A bullet of equal mass M hits the dielectric’ elastically and its found that dielectric just leaves out the capacitor. Find speed of bullet. Figure 2.235 (0) A parallel plate capacitor is charged to a potential difference V across its plates. The capacitor is now ‘disconnected trom the battery and is placed vertically on the surfice ofa liquid of density p. the liquid rises up fo amaximum height A inside the capacitor plates, calculate the potential difference F, initially applied across the plates, Given thatthe plates are of area and length J. They are separated by a distance d and the space between them is filled with a dielectric ~ substance having dieleetrie constant & (3) Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor, with plate area 4 and distance between plates d, when filled witt adielectrc whose dielectric constant varies a a eG) = yt Br oexeS 4 (= 9+ Max), Sexe For what value of B would the capacitance of capacitor becomes of the capacitor twice that when itis without any dielectric? 2 a « i SB vn ten =A) 2 fy } fi) A parallel plate capacitor isto be designed with x voltage rating 1KV using a material of dieectric constant 10 andcileenic strcagth 10° Vis", What minimmam ore oftheplates is required tohave a capacitance of 88.5 xP? 0" oy www.puuicho.comAshish’Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (iif) potential differeace of 300V is applied between the plates of plane capacitor spaced tem apart. A plane parallel ‘lass plate with thickness of0.5em anda plane parallel paraffin plate with a thickness of0.Sem are placed in the space between, the capacitor plates find (a) intensity of electric field in-each layer (b) the drop of potential in each layer (9) the surface cherge " ned 2-4 Youhave aparalel plate capacitor, a spherical capacitor and a cylindrical capacitor. ach capacitors charged and then removed from the same battery. Consider the following, situations : I: Sepacation between theplates of parallel plate capacitors reduced Ti: Radius ofthe oater spherical shell ofthe spherical capaciter is increased ID: Radius of the outer cylindsr of oylindsieal capacitor is increased. . Which of the foliowing is correct’? (A) In each ofthese situations I, ITand Ul, charge on te given capacitor remains the same and potential difference across it alsoremains the same, (B) Ineach ofthese siazations 1, I-and I, charge oa the given capacitor remains the santebut potential difference, in situations and 1, decreases, and in situation Ul, increases (©) Ineach of these situations 1,11 and IN, charge othe given capacitorremains the same but potential difference, in situations 1, decreases, and in situations Ind UU, increases. ©) Charge on the capacitor in each situatioa changes. It increases ll these situations but potential difference remains thesame, 2-5 Twoidentical capacitors are joined in parallel and charged toa potential /, They are then disconnected fram the battery and cannecte to cach other in eres. The postive plate of one bxing connected to the negative ofthe other aud two ctr plats ttminals ace left open. Which of the allowing statement is correct? (A) Charge on she plates comected to each other is reduced tozero (@) Charge on he outs plats is dovbled (© Potential itference between outer plates terminals is2V {D) The energy stored in the sytem is doubled 2-6 Seven capacitors each of capacitance 2uF are to be connected to obtain a capacitance of (10011) AF. Which ofthe following combination will be used for this purpose: (A) Sinparallel2 in series (8) 4 in parallel 3in series (© Binparallel4 series (D) 2m parallel $ in series www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com [eiapactiance’ 27 Forthethroe cireuitshown in igure-2.228 across he tory capacitors are connected in some combination, Which of the following is the coreet order of combination 4 4 ——] ie = = T Ly 3 o @ Figure 2.228 (A) series, series, paraliol © pacallel, series, parallel (B) series, parallel, parallel @) none 2-8 ‘Two identical capacitors are connected in series with n source of constant voltage F. If @ isthe charge on one of the capacitors, the capacitance of each capacitor is () opr ov © mr ©) none of these 2-9 Aparallel plateair capacitor is connectet toa batery. After charging folly, the battery is disconnected and the plates are polled apart to increase their separation. Which ofthe following statements is correct ? (A) The electric field between the plates of capacitor decreases @) Theclectrc fied between the plates of capacitor increases © The electric field between the plates of capacitor remains (D) Potential difference between the plates remains the same 2-40 A dielectric slab of thickness disinserted in the paral plate capacitor. The capacitor is given some charge such that it’s negative plate is atx~0 and positive plateis atx= 34. The slab is equidistant from the plates. As one moves frata x~O to x-3d. (A) Electric potential zemains the same ®) Electric potential decreases continuously (© Blectric potential increases continuously () Electric potential increases first, then decreases and again increases 241 Twoidentical capacitors and B shown ia the given circuit arejoinedin series with abattery adiclecttic slab of dielectric constant Kis inserted between the plates of capacitor # and battery remain connected, then the energy of capacitor A will Figure 2.225 {A) Deercase (© Remain thesame B) Increase {D) Becomes 2er0 242 Ifthere arom capacitors each of capacitance Cin series combination connected to a ¥ volt source, then the energy stored in each capacitor is equal to: wacr @ dncve on on oF oO 2443 The charges on two parallel copper plates separated bya small distance are +9 and -Q. A test charge g experiences a force F wher placod between these ples. Now if oae of the plates is reméved to infinity, then the forec onthe test elses will become: a Fe OF By) F ©) Zero 2-14 Two conducting shells ofradius a and b are connected bby conducting wite as shown in figure-2.230. The capacitance ofthis system is : Fiqure 2230 a (8) Arey ® Ane gare) © Zao ©) Infinite 28 The graph given below shows the variation of electric file (in AAVim) with time (in jis) a parallel plate capacitor # oa | i 7 Figure 2.231 (Consider the following statements: 1. The displacement current through a 1m? zegion, ‘perpendicular to the field during the time interval r= 010 154 ysis O.885A (given eq =8.85 10"? Stunit) www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com lacement current through 1m? region perpendicular tothe field during thetime interval /=4ys 0 Bp i zer0. Which of the statements given above isfare correct: (A) Lonly ® Zonly (© both} and 2 (D) neither 1 nor? 2-16 A parallel plate capacitor of plate area 4 and plate separation d is charged to potential V and then the battery is Xisconnected, A slab of dielectric constant fis then inserted between the plates of the capacitors so as to Sil the space ‘between the plates. If Q, £ and W denote respectively, the ‘magnitede of charge on each plate, the electric field between ‘the plates afte insertion of slab and work done on the system {nthe process of insertion ofthe slab, then which ofthe following relations NCORRECT: AV _ SAV? @) ee BW y Obs 217 ‘Twocondensers C,and Cyt cieuitarejoined.a shown jn figue-2.232. Thepoventialofpoint dis ¥,and hat of Bis V, ‘The potential of point D willbe: iA 4 " pigure 2.232 ‘ les ONeGy, A StH) Oe Nth Gh-Gh 0 nate Grey 2-18 A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance Cis comnected toa battery and is charged to potential difference ¥. Anotber capacitor of capacitance 2C is connected to another battery and is charged to potential difference? ¥. The charging batteries are nowy discounected and the capacitors are connected in parallel toeach other in sucha way thatthe positive txrminal of ‘one is connect tothe negative terminal ofthe other. The final energy ofthe configuration is :* 25CK* (A) neo wo a 3cr? ge! 2 i 2 2-49 A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance Cy is charged with a charge Qj to.a potential difference Yq and the battery is, then disconnected, Now adicesticslabofdicletricemastant is inserted between the plates of capacitor. The dimensions of tne slab are suck that it completely ils the space betweea the plates,then > (A) Chargeon thé plates rennains the same (B) Charge on the plates decreases to Qy/K (©) Charge on the plates increases to KO, (D) Potential difference between plates remains the same 2-20 1 identical capacitors are connected in parallel to a potential difference ¥. After charging thesecapacitors are then disconnected reconnected in series with side terminals open. ‘The potential difference across the side terminals of capacitors willbe: (@) Zao Ow Boy Oey 2-21 Twolarge parallel sheets charged uniformly with surface charge density and care located as shown in the uure-2.233. ‘Which one of the following: graphs shows the variation of cleciic eld slong a line perpendicular to the suecis: , 4 =n, ® P 1 9 PY? 2-22 When a battery of emf £ volts is connected across a ‘capacitor of capacitance C, then after some tinte the potential cifference between the plates of the capacitor becomes equal ‘to he battery voltage. The ratio of the work dane by the battery «and the energy stored inthe capacitor when itis fully charged! Abt Oat @ L:2 @) 41 www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2-23 Find equivatent capacitance between points A and B. Consider each conducting plate is having same dimensions and each of ates 4 with separation between adjoining plates as ‘mentioned in fgure and noglect the thickness of the plate. Consider C= 4 — ur where sane ofits: Figure 2.234 A ® TWF © Iw © ine 2-24 An uncharged capacitor having capacitance C is connected across a battery of voltage F. Now the capacitor is disconnected and then reconnected across the same battery bout with reversed polarity, Then which of the statement is INCORRECT (A) After reconnecting, heat encrgy produced in the circuit ‘will be equal fo two-third of the total enerey supplied by batery @ After reconnecting, no energy is supplied by battery (© After reconnecting, whole of the energy supplied by the battery is vonverted into heat (©) After reconnecting, thermal exergy produced in the circuit, will be equa? to2CV* 2-25 ‘Twosimilar paratiet plate capacitors each of capacity Cy ‘are connected in series, ‘The combination is connected with battery of voltage /y, Now separation between the plates of ‘one capacitor is inereased by a distance d and the separation between the plates of another capacitor is decreased by the distance di2. The distance between the plates ofeach capacitor was d before the change in separation. Then, select the correct, choice: (A) The new capacitance ofthe system witl Increase {®} The nev capacitance ofthe system will decrease (© Thenew capacitance of the system will remain sarme {D) Datais not sufficient to arrive at a conclusion 2-26 Thepotentia! difference between points aand bof circuits shown in the figure-2,235 is: ty or =a Figure 2.235 E+E FE leg (Ee) Atk ERE elses (as 2-27 A paralie plate capacitor with sir between the ptateshas ‘a capacitance of 9pF. The separation between its plates is * “Thespace between the plates is now filled with two diclectrcs, Oneofthe dielectric has dielectric constant K, = 3 and thickness & whet che ones die constant = 6nd hens & 45pF (©) 20259F 2 coucinntte ss (A) L8pF © 405pF 2-28 A variable parallel plate capacitor and an electroscope are connected in parallel to a battery. The reading of the ‘lectroscope would be decrease by @ Tncreasing the area of overlap ofthe plates @ _Placinga biock of paraffin wax between the plates @ Decreasing the distance between the plates hs) Decreasing the battery voltage (A) Only(), Gi and (i) arecorect @®) Only and Gi) are corect © Only i) and Gv) are cortect ©) Only (iv) iscorrect 2.29 A purallol plate capacitor with a dielectric slab with dielectric constant &=3 filling the space between the piates is charged to potential Vand isolated. Then the dielectric slab is drawn out and another dielectric slab of equal thickness but dielectric constant k’=2 is introduced between the plates. The ratio of the energy stored in the eapacitor later to tht intially (A) 2:3, © #9 32 @o4 www.puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with’ www.puucho.com co 2-30 Three capacitors each of capacitance 4yF are co,be connected in such a away that the effective capacitance ‘becomes 6yF. This can be done by connecting : (A) Allofthem in series ®) Allofthem in parallet (© Twoin series and the third parallel tothe combination (©) Twoin parallel and the third in series with the combination 2-31 A parallel plate capacitor with adiclectric of dielectric, ‘constant between the plates fas a capacity C'and is charged (o 2 potential F volts. The dielectric slab is slowly removed from between the plates and then re-inserted, The net work ddone by the system in this process is : on den © (K-1)cr? @ cv7K- 1K (D) Zero 2-32 To forma composite 16pF, 1000V expacitor oma supply ofidentca! capacitors marked 8)F, 250V, we roquirea minimum, smumaber of m capacitors, where nis 2 @s Ow @) 2 www.puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho,com 2-4 Two capacitors 3: and 6UF are connected in series across ‘ potential didierence of 120V. Then the potential difference across 3p capacitor i: (a) OV © av B® av ©) 10V, 22 initial charges (with proper sigm} on the plates of two ‘dcatical capacitors, each of LF areas shown. When both S, and S, are closed, the potential difference between 4 and B will, finally become ae aie 4, 7 ks 810-1 Figure 2.236 wy ev ow Mov 28 Taree eapacitors are connected to constant voltage source of 100V as shown in figure-2.237. Ifthe charges accurnulated con the plates of C,, C, and C; are dys dys Ges Gn Ge 1d dy respectively, as shown in figure-2.237 then : tae BaF ay ate a> a Figuee 2.237 9) agractg=Clo09)C © 449,44, 506 B) apt agt G0 Dy 4, 2-4 In the circuit shown in fgure-2.238, the final voltagedrop. across the capacitor Cis: Figure 2.238 Numerical MCQs Single Options Correct Fey ) FA nen ate Mtn) Wren) ” P penen 2-5 The plates ofa paratel plate capacitor are charged upto 100V and disconnected from the source, A 2mm thick pate is incrted betwen the plates, then tormantain the same potential difference, the distance between the capacitor plates is increased by 1.6mm, The dielectric constant of the plate is fA) Ss ®) 125 o4 ©) 25 2-6 A capacitor is charged until its stored energy is 3S and then the charging battery removed. Now another uncharged, capacitor is comneeted across it and itis found that charge is distributed equally inthe two capacitors. The final value of ‘otal energy stored in the electric fields is: (a) 15) @3 ©2583 2 2-7 Four capacitors of capecitance 10pF and a battery of200V areartanged as shown, How much charge will flow through AB alter the switch $ is closed = KA i Ly tf Figure 2239 4A) 6000, 480090 : ©) 3000, ©) 4000p 28 A capacitor of capacitance of 2uF is charged toa potential Aifference of 200V, after disconnecting ftom the battery, its connected in paralet with another uncharged capacitor. The final common potential is20V then the capacitance of second, capacitors: (A) 2pF © 18nF ®) 4aP ©) 16 nF www.puuicho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2-9 Thecquivatent capacitance between terminals and B in ‘hecireuit shown in figure-2.240' of wo c ¢ Figure 2.260 2c @oc ; 8 2e oF (D) None of these 210 Two capacitor C, and C;, charged with charges 9, and @ then these are counected in series with an uncharged capacitor C, as shown in figure, As the switch Sis closed: « TL rT igure 2.261 (A) Cgets charged in any condition @) C gets charged only when g,C)> a3C, © C gots charged only when 4,C, <95C, ©) Cogets charged when 9,C, # 9,C, 2441 The two capacitors in the circuit shown in figure-2.242, are initially uncharged and then conmceted as shown sd switch isclosed. What isthe potential difference across 3uF capacitor? iw aro ea pj 4 Fleure 2202 w 20 @ 0 © 3v {D) None of these . Cepscitane 2-12 A capacitor stores SOC charge when connected across 2 battery. When the gip between the plates is filled with « dliclectric, a Charge of 100sC flows through the battery: The diclectrieconstant ofthe material is: 7 (a) 25 @2 o4 O32 2-13 Initially ewo capacitorsare charged to different potential differences as shown in figure-2.243 and then connected in parallel as shown. Which of the following is incorrect about thiseireit? sv ov ba ee 8 aF a a e Figre 2.263 (A) Final chatge on each capacitor will be zero (@) Final tota electrical energy ofthe capacitors will bezer0 {© Total change flown from Ato Dis 30 pC 2414 The two spherical shetls are at large separation, one of ‘them basradias 10cm and 1.25 .C charge. The ther isof20em radius and has 0.75yC charge. If they are connected by a conducting wire of negligible capacitance the final charge an __ the shells are F Dod (A) IG 1Ke & Gwe Fac 402 © Fee, Fue ©) 0.28pC,025 uC 2.48 In the circuit shown in fgure-2.244, charge on 1O\F capacitor is given as ue 20F 1, 2o0v igure 2.264 @) 16x10%C © 8x104c @20C © xe www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com ee 2-16 A capacitor consists oftwo parallel metal plates of area A separated by a distance d. A dielectric slab of area, thickness band dielectric constant kis placed inside the capacitor. ITC, is the capacitance of capacitor with dielectric, under what limits ‘the values of kand b are to be restricted so that C,=2C, where Ciscapacitance without dielectric ? a eg eG bse 2 A) Re ® k= atence w= “2 Ore Oma a 2A7 Thecizeuitshown in figure-2.245 below isin steady state. ‘Now the switch Sis closed, Caleulate the charge that flows ‘through the switch is we + oar ae ¢ aaek aur + eure 2248 4) yc 8) 100C © soc © Pac 2-18 Four capacitors and two batteries are connected as shown {in the figure-2.246. The potential difference between the points, and bis: ctu ta - SIRE . Figure 2.246 - aw @) BV om Ow 2-49 Two capacitors are made in series by two metal plates and one f structure us show in figure2.247, The area ofeach plate shown is 4. The equivalent capacitance between top and bottom plate ofthis system is given as: igure 2247 fot : we 2 © Al 2-20 A 3pF and. SpE capacitor are connected in series across «2 30V battery, A TuF capacitor is then connected in parallel acrossthe 3)? capacitor. Choose the INCORRECT option : (A) Voltage across 3yF capacitor before connecting, 7h capacitors 18.750 ®) Charge flown through the battery after connecting Tu capacitor is 43.755 (©) 5uF capacitor and 7p capacitor can be sai tobe in series (D) After connecting 7AF capacitor, ithasa charge of TOC 2:21 Find the capacitance between the inner and onter curved «ylindrical conductor surface as shown in figure-2.248, Space between conductor surface is filled with dielectric of dielectric. constant &. Consider 6 << R= Figure 2.268 sybhie tba ws ee eghhRee cokb Ro. 2b o 2h www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com Be 2:22 Three capacitors of capacitances 3uF, 9u¥F and 18) are ‘connected once in series and another time in paraliel, The ratio of equivalent capacitances in the two cases (Cy/C,) will be : (@) 15 © tt 2-23 A capacitor of capacitance IF withstands a maximum voltage of KY, while enother capacitor of capacitance 2uF, the maximum voltage 4kV. If they are connected in series, the * combination can withstand maximum of: (a) av oa © tov may 2:24 A duF condenser is charged to 400V and then its plates are joined through a resistance of 1KQ. The heat produced in the resistance is: (A) 0.167, © oss ® 1285 ©) 0325 2:25 Capacitor A has a capacitance 1SuF when itis filled with medium of dielectric constant 15. Another capacitor has a capacitance 1uF with air between the plates. Both are charged separately by a battery of LOOV, After charging, both are counteted in parallel without the battery and the dielectric ‘material is removed. The common potential now is (a) 400V ® mov © ion ©) 1600 2:26 Two capacitors 2yu" and 4yeF are connected in parallel. A third capacitor of 6," is connected in series. The combination is then connected across a 12V battery. The voltage across 2uF capacitor is: (wv aw Ow Ov 2-27 There san air filled 1pF parallel plate capacitor. When the plate separation is doubled and thespaceis filled with wax, the capacitance inereases to 2pF, The dielectric constant of wax a2 Os B+ Os 2.28 Four condensers are joined as shown in the Figure-2.249, ‘The capacitance of each capacitor fs 8uP. the equivalent capacitance between the points and B willbe: a 2 Fipace 2249 @) 2pF 8) 2yF © bar ©) 16 A and B is [pF Then the value of Cis: ae ai i wee oe a LT Le ae » gare 2250 32 MW ane ® a a 2 © pe oO pe 2.80 Theeffsctive capacitance berweea the points Pand Qof ‘thearrangementshown in the Ggure-2.251 is: ae ae epee ee Figure 2251 6) dae wr © uF (0) LF 2-31 Acircuit eementisplaced in ablack box. Atr=0, switch is closed and the current flowing through the circuit element, and the voltage across its terminals are recorded to have the ‘wave shapes shawn in the figure-2.252 here, The type ofelement and its magnitude are: 0 amp] po 0) igure 2.252 (A) resistance 020 @) resistance of 42 (© capacitance of 1F ©) avoltage source fest 4V www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com a 2-32 Two parallel plate eapaoitor of capacitance Cand 2C are ‘connected in parallel and charged fo a potential difference F. ‘The battery is then disconnected and the region between the plate of the capacitor C is completely filed with a material of Gielectrie constant & The potential difference across the ‘capacitors now becomes : wy » Or os x» a © te Om 2-83 Ina circuit shown in the fgure-2.253, whatis potential of point 4? «¢ Pa tt 4 t igus 2289 wy ar D) av ow 2:34 Two long coaxial cylindrical metal tubes stand on an insulating floor as shown in fgete-2.254. A dielectric oil is fled in the annufar region between the tubes. The tubes are ‘maintained ata constant potential difference ¥. Asmall hoteis ‘opened at bottom then = it$—@> Figure 2.284 (A) Reading ofammeter remain constant ®) Capacitance of system increases (© Current in circuit is dependent on area oftole (©) Current in circuit is inversely proportional to dielectric constant 2-36 a the circuits shown in figures-2.255 (1, (0) and (i) bolow given R= 10, Ry=202,C,~2pF and C, Suk The time constant (ins) fo he civuite 1, I are respectively & a a Figure 2285 (A) 18,89,4 © 480,18 ®) 184,89 D) 89,184 2-36 The capacitances and connection of five capacitors sre shown in the figure 2.256, The potential differenco between the points and Bis 60V. Then the equivalent capacitance between A and B and the charge-on 5uF espacitance will be given as: se | one ER 12nP One nF 2 Figure 2.256, (A) 44uF;300uC (B) L6uF; 150uC_ {© 1SpF;200nC (D) MHF; 50pC 2:37 In the circuit shown in figure-2.257 the switeh 5, is first closed. I isthen opened after a Tong time and then S; is closed. ‘What isthe final charge on C, Gy Suk Cuyoue 5, Bo20v igure 2.257 (A) wane © ae 4B) 80uC ©) 2c www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (aa 2-38 Three plates 4, B, Ceach of area 50cm? have separation 3mm between A and Band 3mm between 8 and C.The energy stored when the plates are fully charged inthe situation shown incireultbelow is: at__ i —_—— W . Figure 2.258 (A) 1.61097 @ 2161073 © 5x03 © 7«1053- 2-99 A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance C. It is discharged through a small col ofvesistance wire emboddedin 2 thermally insulated boc of specific heats and mass. the ‘temperature ofthe block is raised by AT; the potential ilferenco Vacross the capacitance is: meat “ Psat ® mCar mca o Lo} 2-40 A paralfel plate capacitor with aic between the plates has a capacitance of 9pF. The separation between the plates is , ‘The space between the plats now filled with two dielectric. Onc ofthe dilectrichas dielectric constant F,~ 3 and thickness 4/3 while the other one has dielectric constant & = 6 and thickness 24/3. Capacitance of the capacitor is now (A) 45pP ® 405F © 2025pF ©) L.8pF 2-41 Six plates cach of area 4 are arranged as shown in ‘Sigure-2.259, The separation between adjoining plates isd Find the equivalent capacitance between points A and B: 4 Figure 2259 oy © Seat 2-42 Six capacitors each of capacitance of 2uF are connected asshown in the figure-7.260. The effective capacitance between Aand Bis: Ly J é € e : | 3 £ —is € Flare 2.260 (A) 12yF ®) 83uF © 3F O) Our 2.43 What is equivaleat capacitance of hidder cireuit shown in figure-2.261 between points 4 and 8? Oe q ei *t ih [ort we ww ai Laisa] to aoe ewe 226 , @ de @ Se © Infinite ©) (15-3) HF 2-44 Find the equivalent capacitance between terminals A and 2 in the circuit shown in igure-2.262: www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2-45 Circuit in figure-2.263 shows three capacitors with capacitance and their breakdown voltage. What should be ‘maximum value of the external source voltage such that no copacitor breaks down ? ac.2¥ oor oy -—-___ Figore 22363, @iv @2w © 4sv Mav 2-46. A 2qF capacitor is charged as shown in the figure-2.264. ‘The percentage ofits stored energy dissipated after the switch ‘Sis shifted to position 2 is: 2 5 PT ae - Figure 2364 (a) 0% ® 20% © 1% © 80% 2-47 Fortheciecuitshoum in gure-2.265, which ofthebelow ‘options given infare correct: “20v eS Figure 2.265 (A) The charge on the 124F capacitor is zero @) Thechargeon the 12 nF capacitor is 30xC. (© Thechargeon the 4yF capacitor is30uC (D) None of these 2-48 In the circuit shown a potential difference of 60Y is applied across AB, The potential difference between the point Mand Nis: 26 Figure 2.266 (a) 30 ® Iv © av ©) sv 2-49 Four identical capacitors are connected in sertes with a 10V battery as shown inthe igure:2.267, The point Visearthed, ‘The potentials of points A and B are: 4“ Is Figure 2.267 (A) tovov 8) 75V,-25 © NV D)75V25V 2-50 Find the equivatent capacitance across A and B for the circuit shown in figure-2.268. AN the capacitors are of capacitance C ar see 8 x c Ay Bs, 6 © (Noe www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2-51 The equivalent capacitance between terminalax andy is: ye tae | =I a ae wre 2269 (A) 5'6uF 4B) 76pF © aur OF 2-82 Four capacitors are connected as shown in figure 2.270 toa 30V battery. The potential difference between points aand bis: toe sy FH yy ane 2 obs ay. av Figure 2270 > Ow ©) BY av © iv 2-53 The distance between the plates of a charged plate ‘capacitor disconnected from the battery Sem andthe intensity ofthe field in tis E~ 300V/em, An uncharged metal bar lem thick s introduced into the capacitor paralle to its planes. The potential difference between the plates nowis : (@) 1s00v ® rv © sv ©) x0 2-54 Five identical capacitor plates are arranged such that they male four capacitors cach of 2uF-The plates areconnected. toa source of voltage 1OV. The total charge on plate Cis Figure 2271 (A) #20, ®) +40uc © +600 (D) +80uC 2-55 Given that potential difference across IF cepaciter is 10V.Then: oF ri ae L____y gers'2378 (A) Potential differeace across 4 capacitor is 40V. (B) Potential difference across 4F capacitor is2.5V © Potential difference across 3yF capacitor is SV ©) ValoeofF is 70V 2-56 A cepacitor of capacity C is charged to a potential 1) is placed between the plates ofthe capacitor B and the battery remains connected. - Which ofthe folowing statements is/are coreet fr the process of insertion ofthe dielectric’? (A) The charge supplied by the battery inereases, (B) The capacitance ofthe system increases (© The clectre feldin the capacitor B increases. (D) The ctectrostatie potential energy of 4 decreases, 22 The figure-?.273 showsa capacitor having thresdielextric layers parallel to its plates. Layer x is vacuum, » is conductor and7isa dicketric, Which ofthe following change) wil result {in increase in capacitance’? Bigure 2273 (A) Replace x by conductor B) Replace.y by dielectric © Replace = by conductor ©) Replace x by dielectric . 2:3 How docs the total energy stored in the capacitors in the circuit shown in the figure 2.274 change when firstswitcl Kis closed (process-I) and then switch K, isalso closed (process-2). Assume tat all capacitor were initially uncharged ? i}— fi, Figure 2.274 (A) Increases in process-1 ®) Increases in process-2 ©) Decreases in process-2 (D) Magnitude of change in provess-2 is less than that in process 2) Ok Ory ©) U>U, 2.42 A capacitor with ao dielectrics connected toa battery at . Consider a point in the connecting wiresand a point 3 in between the plates : (A) There is no current through 4, © Thereis displacement current through B till eletre field changes between the plates, (© Thereis a current through A as ong.as the charging isnot complete. (D) The current always flows between the plates of capacitor. ‘23 Bach plate of parallel plate capacitor has a charge q on it. The capacitor is now connected to a battery. Which of the following statements isare correct, (A) The facing surfaces of the cxpacitor have equal and ‘opposite charges. (B) The two plates of the capacitor have equal and opposite ‘charges. . (© The battery supplies equal and opposite charges to the two plates. (D) The oxter surfaces of the plates have equal charges. 244 Figure-2,276 shows three circuits, each consisting of a switch and two capacitors, initially charged as indicated in the figure. In witich circuit the charge on the left hand eapacitor will change after the closing of the switch a © @ oy igure 2.276 wi @2 @3 ©) al 2-15 A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate is at x= 0 and positive plates atx = 3d. The slab is equidistant from the plates. The capacitor is given some charge. As one goes from Oto 3d: (A) Themagnitude of the cleo field remains the same (B) Theditection of the electric field remains the seme (© The electric potential increases continuously (©) The electric potential increasesat fist, then doereases and again increases www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (Gapacitanea, 216 In the circuit shown, the potential difference across the 3nP capacitor is ¥ and the equivalent capacitance between 4 and Bis C. Then: uF one 4 la uF cov Figure 2.277 (A) C=4uF ®) C= tyr (©) F=20v «D) F=40V 247 Two identical parallel plate capacitors ofsame dimensions joined in series are connected to a constant voltage source. ‘When one of the plates of oe capacitor are brought closer to the other plate: (A) The voltage on the capacitor whose plates eome closer is seater than the voltage-on the capacitor whose plates are not moved (8) The veitage on the eapacitor whose plate come closer is lesser than the voltage on the capacitor whose plates are not moved (© The voltage on the two capacitor remain equal (©) ‘The applied voltage is divided among the two inversely as the capacitance 2-48 A paratfel plate capacitor is frst contested toa constant voltage source. [tis then disconnected and then immersed in a liquid dielectric, thea : (A) The capacitance increases ©) The liquid level between the plates increases (©) The liquid leve wil cemain same as that cuside the plates (©) The potential difference between the plates will decrease 2-48 Ino parallel plate capacitor, theregiou between the plates is filled by a dielectric sa. The capacitor is connected to acell and the slab is taken oat : (A) Some charge is drawn fron the cell (B) Some chargeisrehumed tothe cell (© ‘The potential difference across the capacitor remains constant (©) A workis done byan external agentin pulling the slab out 2-20 Ino parallel plate capacitor thecepion between the plates is filled by a disestricstab. The capacitor is charged from a cell and then disconnected ffom it. The slab is now taken out: (A) The potentat difference across the capacitor increases (B) The charge on the capacitor is inereased (©) The energy stored in the capacitor increases (D) Aworkis doneby the extemal agent in taking the slab out 2-21 A parallel plate capacitor is connected across a source of constant potential difference. If'adiclectric slab is introduced between the two plates, then (A) Chargeon cepacitor increases (B) Some charge fiom the capacitor will flow back into the (© Heclectric field between the plates will decrease (D) The electric field between the plates will ot change 2-22 Identical dielectrie slabs are inserted into two identical capacitors 4 and B, These capacitors and a battery are connected 8 shown in figuee-2.278. Now the slab of capacitor Bis pulled ‘out with battery remaining connected Figure 2278 (A) During the provess, charge flows from ato (B) Finally charge on capacitor B will be fess than that on capacitor (©) During the process, work is done by the external foro: ‘which appears as heat inthe citeuit (©) During the process, internal energy ofthe battery increases 2:23 A parallel plate air capacitor is connected tox battery Ht plates ofthe capacitor are pulled farther apart, then which of ‘the following statements is/are correct ? (A) Strength of electric field inside the capacitor remains unchanged, iPbattery is disconnceted before pulling the plate (@) During the process, work is done by external force applied to pull the plates either baitery is disconnected or it remains connected © Stored energy in the capacitor decreases if the battery remains connected @) None of these 2:24 When two identical capacitors are charged individually tn different potentials & then connected in parallel, after disconnecting from the source then (A) Net potential difference acrass them is equal to sum of individual potential differences. * {B) Netpotentia! difference across them isnot equal to sum of individual inital potential differences: (© Net cucrgy stored in thc two capacitors is less than the sum of individual intial energies (©) None of these www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com 2:25 The plates ofa parallel plate capscitor are not exactly (A) Charge on 1.SuF capacitors 180 uC parallel. The surface charge density therefore: ©) Charge on 2uF copacitoris 1204 A) Isbigher atthe closer end . (© Positive charge flows through 4 ftom tight tole (B) The surface charge density will not be uniform (D) Positive charge flows through A from left toright (Each plate will have the same potential at each point (©) The electric fild is smatiost were the plates are closest 2:26 Two capacitors of 2uF and 3pF are charged to 150V and 120V respectively: The plates of capacitor are connected as shown in the figure-?.279. An uncharged capacitor of capacity |S is connected to the free end of the wires as shown, Then: ao BE tj} 4 - wae aur Figure 2.279 www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com {apace Unsolved Numerical Problems for Preparation of NSEB INPhO & IPhO For detaited preparation of INPhO and IPhO students can refer advance study material on www.physiesgalaxy.com 2-1 Twosquare metallic plates of Im side are kept @.0Lm apart, ikea parallel plate capacitor, in air in such a way that onc of i edges is perpendicular to an oil surface in a tank filied ‘with an insulating oil, The plates are connected toa battery of emf S00V. The platesare then lowered vertically into theoil ats speed of 0.001mn/s. Calculate the current drawn from thebattery daring the process. Take dielectric constant of oil 11. ‘Ans. 16.425 © 10%] 2:2 The capacitance of a paralicl plate capacitor with plate sree A and separation dis C. The space between the plates in filled with two wedges of dielectric constants K, and K, respectively (figure-2,280). Find the capacitance of resutting, ‘capacitor. 7c LLL LLL Figure 2.280 as, (2K (f 1 ed 2.3 ‘Twoconducting objects one with chargeof+Qand another with -Q are keptons-axis atx =-3 andx=+4 respectively. The 4 clcctric field on the x-axis is sveabyso(# + ) What isthe 3. capacitance C of this configuration of objects? Ans. {84mF} 24 An air cylindrical capacitor is applied with 2 constant voltage ¥= 200V across itis being submerged vertically into a vessel filled with water ata velocity v= 5.0mm‘s, The electrodes of the capacitor are separated by a distance d= 2.0mm, the ‘mean curvature radius of the electrodes is cqual tor= S0rana, Find the current flowing inthis case along lead wire, ifd-< a). The space berween the shells is completely filled by a diclectric of constant &, (©) Findthe capacitance ificletrcis tilled upto an intermediate radius ¢(a OF 1a i Figure 2.288 ‘ws. (7588 2:26 in the circuit shown in figure-2.289, capactior 4 has capacitance C, = 2uF when filled with a diclectsic stab of distetric constant F~ 2. Capacitors B and Care air capacitors and have capacitances C= 3uF and C,™6 uF, respectively. A is charged by closing switch S, alone. s ao ov cha ed Figure 2289 @) Calculate energy supplied by battery during process of charging, Switch S, is now opened and S, is closed. (®) Calculate charge on B and energy stored in the system ‘when electrical equiitriun isattained. Nowswitch S, is also opened, sab of isremoved. Another diccleotrie slab of K=2, which can just fill the space in B, is inserted into it and then switch S, alone is closed. (©, Calculate by how:many times electc field in Bis increased, Calculate also, loss. of energy during redistribution of charge. ‘Ams. (0) 0.06483, Baer stored in capacitor is 4 C¥4, bu ensny sepntiod hy batery i CY; () 180HC, 0.01625; (©) 075, 8.60885) 2.27 Inthe cit shown in figure-2.290.C,=5 uf, C,=29 uF, HE, C,=3 nF and C,= 7 uF Ifin steady slate potential difference between points and Bis 11 vott, calculate potentiat difference across C5. 4 aT Ge , ce c oF eee Figure 2.290 Ans. (8) 8 2:28 Find the equivalent capacitance between terminals A&C ifeach capacitor is ofcapacitance 4 pF. Figare 2.291 Ans 4F) 2:28 In the given network if potential difference between p ‘and qs 2V and C= 3C,, find the potential difference between aks, ay . . ey [ c : tas pure 2292 pas 00] 2-30 The plates of «parallel plate capacitor areseparsiodby a distance d= lem. Two parallel sided dielectric stabs of thickness 0.Fem and 0.3cm fill he space between the plates. Ithedielectic constants of the two slabs are 3 and 5 respectively and a potential difference of 440V is applied across the plates. Find @ The electri field intensities in each of the slabs. (B) The ratio of electric eacrgies stored inthe first to that in the second dielectric slab, Ans (6) $108 ia, 310" Vi @) 359] 2-31 Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitance € and 2C are connected in parallel then following steps are performed, @ A butery of voltage Mis connected across the expacitors. (@)_Adiclcetic stab of relative permittivity kis slowly inserted in capacitor C, @ Battery is disconnected, . 3) Dielectric stat is slowly removed fiom capacitor. www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com [Capecitanca, vein Find the heat produced in )) and work done by external agent instep i (i). ame or-Hee Der? Luceaye nor 2:32. Acharge 200m is imparted to each ofthe two identical parallel plate capacitors connect in parallel. At1=0, the plates ‘ofboth the capacitor 7e0.1 m apart. The plates of first capacitor ‘move towards each other with velocity 0.001 misand plates of second capacitor move apart with the same velocity. Find the cnrrentin the cre. Ams. (2HAI 2.33 Acircaitis shown in Gigure-?.293, Find the charge on the ‘condenser having a capacity of 5uF in steady state, ae ie or 1 ae ar i Figuce 2.293 Avs. [9H] 2-34 A solid conducting sphere of radius 100m is enclosed bya thin metallic shell of radius 20cm. A charge q =20mC is iven tothe inner sphere. Find the heat generated in the process, the inner sphere is connected to the shell by a conducting, vite. Ane. (91) 2-35 The capacitor each having capacitance C'= 2maf are ‘connected with a battery of emf 30V as shown in figure-2,294 When the switch 8 is closed. Find @ the amount of charge flown through the battery G@_ the beat generated inthe circuit i) the energy supplied by the battery x) the amount of charge flown through the switch S. Cel ov Figure 2.294 ‘Aus. [) 20KC; (i) 0.3en; (ii) 0.6m; (iv) 60KC] 2-36 Consider the situation shown in figure-2.298. Theplates of the capacitor have platearea 4 = Jb and are clamped in the Iahoratory The dielectric slab is eleased from rest with length «inside the capacitor. Neglecting any effet of fection or gravity, show thatthe slab will execute periodie motion and find its time period, — Figure 2.295 2-37 In the cieuit shown in figure:2.296 find the equivatent capacitance betwoun terminals A and B. oie tte “ft B ‘Avs (347 2:38 A capacitor is made of fat plate ofarca 4 and another plate is bent at four points and piaced sbove the flat plate as shown in figure-2.297. Dimension of both the plates areshowi in figure, Find the capacitance of this structure between the ‘wo plates igure 2.297 ow iy www, puucho.comAshish Arora Electrostatics and Current Electricity with www.puucho.com (306 ~~ ~ 2:39 A parallel plate capacitor with plates kept at a separation Jem and plate area 100cm” is connected across a 24V battery. ‘Find the force with winch one plate will attract the other plates, Ans. [2.5 «107M Los ‘2-40 Figure-2.298 shows a'capacitor having theee layers of ‘equal thickness and same area as that of ts plates. Layer-t is fee space, Layer-II sa conductor and Layer-If is dielctric of dielectric constant & Caloulate the ratio of energy stored in igure 2.298 region III to total exergy stored in capacitor when a potential

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