Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electronics & Communication Engineering 2015-3

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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication Engineering
2015-3
Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2015-3
General Aptitude
Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 Choose the most suitable one word substitute for the following expression:
Connotation of a road or way
(A) Pertinacious (B) Viaticum
(C) Clandestine (D) Ravenous
Sol. 1 Correct option is (B).
. i n
o
Q. 2 If x > y > 1, which of the following must be true?
c
(1) ln x > ln y
(2) ex > ey
a .
(3) yx > xy
(4) cos x > cos y
d i
(A) (1) and (2)
n o (B) (1) and (3)

(C) (3) and (4)
. (D) (4) and (1)
Sol. 2
w
Correct option is (A).
w
If x > y
w
Then ex > ey
Similarly, for x > y > 1 log x is increasing function. Hence,
Q. 3

© ln x > ln y
Choose the correct verb to fill in the blank below:
Let us______.
(A) introvert (B) alternate
(C) atheist (D) altruist
Q. 4 Find the missing sequence in the letter series below:
A, CD, GHI, ?, UVWXY
(A) LMN (B) MNO
(C) MNOP (D) NOPQ
Sol. 4 Correct option is (C).
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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2015-3
Q. 5 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence.
If the athlete had wanted to come first in the race, he ______ several hours
every day.
n
(A) should practise
(B) should have practised
. i
o
(C) practised
. c
(D) should be practising
i a
Q. 6 - Q. 10 Carry two marks each.

o d
Q. 6
. n
log tan 1° + log tan 2° + ..... + log tan 89° is ______
w
(A) 1
w
(B) 1
2
w
(C) 0
(D) - 1
Sol. 6

©
Correct option is (C).
log tan 1° + log tan 89° = log (tan 1° # tan 89°)
= log (tan 1° # cot 1°)

= log 1 = 0

. i n
Q. 7
c o
Ms. X will be in Bagdogra from 01/05/2014 to 20/05/2014 and from 22/05/2014
.
to 31/05/2014. On the morning of 21/05/2014, she will reach Kochi via Mumbai.
a
i
Which one of the statements below is logically valid and can be inferred from the
d
above sentences?
o
(A) Ms. X will be in Kochi for one day, only in May
n
(B) Ms. X will be in Kochi for only one day in May
.
(C) Ms. X will be only in Kochi for one day in May
w
(D) Only Ms. X will be in Kochi for one day in May
Sol. 7
w
Correct option is (B).
Q. 8
w
Ram and Shyam shared a secret and promised to each other that it would remain
©
between them. Ram expressed himself in one of the following ways as given in the
choices below. Identify the correct way as per standard English.
(A) It would remain between you and me
(B) It would remain between I and you
(C) It would remain between you and I
(D) It would remain with me
Sol. 8 Correct option is (A).
Q. 9 From a circular sheet of paper of radius 30 cm, a sector of 10% area is removed. If
the remaining part is used to make a conical surface, then the ratio of the radius
and height of the cone is_______.
Sol. 9 Correct answer is 1.11

90% of area of sheet = cross sectional area of cone

0.9 # π (30) 2 = πl (30)
(cross sectional area of cone = πrl )
So, l = 27 cm
Hence,
. i n
h = (30) 2 − (27) 2 = 13.08 cm
The ratio of radius and height of cone is given by
r = 30 = 1.11
c o
.
h 27
a
Q. 10 In the following question, the first and the last sentence of the passage are in
i
order and numbered 1 and 6. The rest of the passage is split into 4 parts and
d
numbered as 2, 3, 4 and 5. These 4 parts are not arranged in proper order. Read
o
the sentences and arrange them in a logical sequence to make a passage and
n
choose the correct sequence from the given options.
.
1 On Diwali, the family rises early in the morning.
w
2 The whole family, including the young and the old enjoy doing this.
w
3 Children let off fireworks later in the night with their friends.
w
4 At sunset, the lamps are lit and the family performs various rituals.
5 Father, mother and children visit relatives and exchange gifts and sweets.
©
6 Houses look so pretty with lighted lamps all around.
(A) 2, 5, 3, 4
n
(B) 5, 2, 4, 3
(C) 3, 5, 4, 2
. i
o
(D) 4, 5, 2, 3
. c
i a
d
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
n o
.
w
w
w
©

Electronics & Communication Engineering
Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1
. i n
Which one of the following 8085 microprocessor programs correctly calculates
the product of two 8-bit numbers stored in registers B and C?
(A) MVI A, 00H
c o
.
JNZ LOOP
i a
CMP C
d
LOOP DCR B
o
HLT
n
(B) MVI A, 00H
CMP C
.
LOOP DCR B
w
JNZ LOOP
w
w
HLT
(C) MVI A, 00H

©
LOOP ADD C
DCR B
n
JNZ LOOP
HLT
. i
(D) MVI A, 00H
c o
.
ADD C
a
JNZ LOOP
LOOP INR B
d i
o
HLT
. n
Sol. 1
We check the given options.
w
The codes given in option (C), executes the following instructions
w
MVI A 00H (loading the accumulator with OOH)
w
LOOP ADD C (adding the contents of C to accumulator
and store it to accumulator)

©DCR B
JNZ LOOP
(Decrementing the content of registers B)
HLT
Hence, decreasing the number in B as many time as adding the another number
C will result in product of two numbers till value in registers B is zero.
Q. 2 Consider a four-point moving average filter defined by the equation
/ 3
y [ n] = i = 0 α i x [ n − i ]
The condition on the filter coefficients that results in a null at zero frequency is
(A) a 1 = a 2 = 0 ; a 0 =− a 3 (B) a 1 = a 2 = 1; a 0 =− a 3
(C) a 0 = a 3 = 0 ; a 1 = a 2 (D) a 1 = a 2 = 0 ; a 0 = a 3


3
Given y [n] = / α x [n − i]
i
i=0
Taking the DTFT (Dicrete time touries transform),
Y (e jΩ) = α 0 X (e jΩ) + α 1 (e jΩ) −1 X (e jΩ) + α 2 (e jΩ) −2 X ^e jΩ h
n

. i + α 3 (e jΩ) −3 X (e jΩ)
or
Y (e jW)
c o
= H (e jΩ) = α 0 + α 1 (e jΩ) −1 + α 2 (e jΩ) −2 + α 3 (e jΩ) −3
.
X (e jW)
a
At zero frequency, put Ω = 0

It should be null.
d i
H (e j0) = a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + a 3
o
For H (e j0) = 0 , only condition required is
n
.
α 1 = α 2 = 0 ; a 0 =− a 3
w
In the circuit shown, the voltage Vx (in Volts) is _______.
Q. 3
w
w
©
. i n
o
Sol. 3 Correct answer is 8.
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
Applying KCL at node Vx ,
Vx + Vx − 0.25Vx + 0.5V = 5
w
x
20 10
Vx b 1 + 0.75 + 0.5 l = 5
©

20 10
Vx = 8 V
Q. 4 The phase margin (in degrees) of the system G (s) = 10 is______.

s (s + 10)
Sol. 4 Correct answer is 84.28c.
To find PM , we need to find gain cross over frequency ω g
At ω = ω g ,
G (s) = 1
So, 10 = 1
w g w g2 + 100
10 = w g w g2 + 100

Squaring both side,

100 = w g2 (w g2 + 100)
100 = w g4 + 100w g2
w g4 + 100w g2 − 100 = 0
Accepted value, ω g2 = 3.98
ω g . 2 rad/sec
. i n
o

c
Hence, PM = 180° + G (jω)
= 180° − 90° − tan−1 a 10 k

ωg
a .

d i
= 90° − tan−1 b 10 l = 84.28°
2
Q. 5
n o
The directivity of an antenna array can be increased by adding more antenna
.
elements, as a larger number of elements
w
(A) improves the radiation efficiency
(B) increases the effective area of the antenna
w
(C) results in a better impedance matching
w
(D) allows more power to be transmitted by the antenna
©
Q. 6 At very high frequencies, the peak output voltage V0 (in Volts) is______.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
At very high frequencies capacitors acts short circuit because
ZC = 1 and at ω " 3, σ c " 0
w

jω C
So, the circuit reduces to
By voltage division rule,

V0 = b 1K + 1K l Vi
1K


V0 = Vi = 1.0 sin ωt
2 2
At peak voltage, sin ωt = 1
Hence, V0 = 0.5 V
i n
Q. 7 In the circuit shown, diodes D1 , D2 and D 3 are ideal, and the inputs E1 , E2 and
.
E 3 are 0V for logic ‘0’ and ‘‘10V ’’ for logic ‘1’. What logic gate does the circuit
o
represent?
. c
ia
o d
. n
w
w
w
©
(A) 3-input OR gate (B) 3-input NOR gate
(C) 3-input AND gate (D) 3-input XOR gate
i n
If any of the inputs from E1 , E2 , E 3 is logic 0 (means 0V) then the corresponding
.
diode will be ‘‘ON’’ resulting in 0V at the output and only when all the inputs are
o
logic 1 (means VDD ) then V0 (output voltage) will be high, hence, resulting into 3
c
.
input AND-gate. Truth table for the logic circuit is shown below.
E1 E2 E3 V0
ia
0 0 0 0
o d
n
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
.
0 1 1
w
0
w
1 0 0 0
w
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
© 1 1 1
3
1
/ nb 12 l
n
Q. 8 The value of is _______.
n=0
nb 2 l
3
1 n
=
Let S /
n=0
= 0 + 1 $ b 2 l + 2 $ b 2 l + 3 $ b 2 l (1)
1 1 1 2 1 3

Multiply equation (1) by 1/2,
S = b 1 l2 + 2 b 1 l3 + 3 b 1 l4 (2)
2 2 2 2

Subtracting equation (2) from (1),

S - S = 1 + b 2 l (2 − 1) + b 2 l (3 − 2)
1 2 1 3

2 2
S = 1 + b 1 l2 + b 1 l3 + b 1 l4 (sum of GP = a
)
n
2 2 2 2 2 1−r
. i
1
S = 2 = 1
o
2 1 − 12
c
Hence, S = 2
Q. 9
a .
If the base width in a bipolar junction transistor is doubled, which one of the
following statements will be TRUE?
(A) Current gain will increase
d i
o
(B) Unity gain frequency will increase
n
.
(C) Emitter-base junction capacitance will increase
w
(D) Early Voltage will increase
w
Sol. 9 Correct option is (D).
On increasing the base width slope of the IC vs VCE curve decreases due to less
w
^IC h. Hence, decrease in slope means increase in early effect. So, early voltage will
©
increase.
Q. 10 A message signal m (t) = Am sin (2πfm t) is used to modulate the phase of a
carrier Ac cos (2πfc t) to get the modulated signal y (t) = Ac cos (2πfc t + m (t)) . The
i n
bandwidth of y (t)
.
(A) depends on Am but not on fm
(B) depends on fm bust not on Am
c o
.
(C) depends on both Am and fm
i a
(D) does not depend on Am or fm
d
o
Bandwidth of PM signal is given by
. n
B = 2 (Tf + fm)

So, it depends upon fm and

w
k m
Tf = f p (m p = Am = message signal amplitude)
w
2π
Hence, bandwidth depends upon both fm , Am .
Q. 11
w
If C is a circle of radius r with centre z 0 , in the complex z -plane and if n is a
©
dz
non-zero integer, then #
C ^z − z 0h
n + 1 equals
(A) 2πnj
(B) 0
nj
(C)
2π
(D) 2πn
By the residue theorem,
f (z)
#
C (z − z 0)
n + 1 dz = 2πj # (residue at that point)

dn f (z)
where Residue = lim 1
z " z n! dz
n
0
From given question f (z) = 1

So, residue = 0
n
dz
#
i
Hence, n + 1 = 0
.
C (z − z 0)
o
Q. 12 The impulse response of an LTI system can be obtained by
c
(A) differentiating the unit ramp response
(B) differentiating the unit step response
a .
i
(C) integrating the unit ramp response
d
(D) integrating the unit step response
n o
.
By property from LTI systems
w
d (s (t))
h (t) =
dt

w h (t) = impulse response

w s (t) = step response
©
Q. 13 The transfer function of a first-order controller is given as
K (s + a)
Gc (s) =
s+b
n
where K , a and b are positive real numbers. The condition for this controller to
act as a phase lead compensator is
. i
o
(A) a < b
c
(B) a > b
(C) K < ab
a .
(D) K > ab
d i
o
n
The pole zero plot of lead compensator is shown below.
.
w
w
w
©
By comparing it to the given problem, we get
1 = a
τ
1 = b
ατ
So, a = α
b
For lead compensator,
α < 1
a < 1
b
a < b

1 tan x
For A = = E, the determinant of A A is
T -1
Q. 14
− tan x 1
(A) sec2 x
(B) cos 4x
(C) 1
. i n
o
(D) 0
. c
a
1 tan x
A = > H
i

− tan x 1
A = >
T
1 − tan x
tan x 1
o
H d

. n
A = 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x

w
A-1 = 1 >
1 − tan x
H
w
A tan x 1
w
1 − tan x 1 − tan x
AT A-1 = 1 > H> H
A tan x 1 tan x 1
= 12 >
© 2 H
1 − tan2 x − 2 tan x
sec x 2 tan x 1 − tan x
1 6(1 − tan2 x) 2 + 4 tan2 x @
i n
AT A-1 =
.
sec2 x
= 12 61 + tan 4 x − 2 tan2 x + 4 tan2 x @
o

c
sec x
= 12 61 + tan 4 x + 2 tan2 x @

a .
i
sec x
= 12 61 + tan2 x @
d
2

o
sec x
n
[sec2 x] 2
.
= = sec2 x
sec2 x
w
Q. 15 The modulation scheme commonly used for transmission from GSM mobile
w
terminals is
(A) 4-QAM
(B) 16-PSK
w
©
(C) Walsh-Hadamard orthogonal codes
(D) Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is used for GSM mobile terminals.
Q. 16 In the circuit shown, assume that diodes D1 and D2 are ideal. In the steady
state condition, the average voltage Vab (in Volts) across the 0.5 µ F capacitor
is_______

. i n
c o
a .
i
For positive half cycle, diode D2 will be ON. So, peak voltage at point a is
Va = 50 V
o d
For negative half cycle, diode D1 will be ON. So, peak voltage at point b is

. n
Vb =− 50 V
w
Hence Vab = Va − Vb
= 50 − (− 50) = 100 V
Q. 17
w
In the circuit shown using an ideal opamp, the 3-dB cut-off frequency (in Hz)
w
is______.
©
. i n
Correct answer is 159.23
c o
.
Sol. 17
1 (R = 10 k and C = 0.1 µ F)
a
f3dB =
i
2πRC
d
=
1
o
2π (10) # 10 # 0.1 # 10−6
3
n
= 159.23

Q. 18
.
Consider the function g (t) = e−t sin (2πt) u (t) where (t) is the unit step function.
w
The area under g (t) is_______.
w
Sol. 18
w
Given
g (t) = e−t sin (2πt) u (t)
©
Taking the Laplace transform
G (s) = 2p
(3 + 1) 2 + (2p) 2
From definition of Laplace transform
# g (t) e dt
3 −st
G (s) =
−3
G (0) = # g (t) dt = area under the curve g (t) (taking s = 0 )

3
So,
−3
G (0) = 2p = 0.155
1 + (2p) 2

Q. 19 In the circuit shown in the figure, the BJT has a current gain (β) of 50. For an
emitter-base voltage VEB = 600 mV, the emitter-collector voltage VEC (in Volts)
is _______.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
VEB = 0.6 V ( β = 50 )
w
VE - VB = 0.6 V
VE = 3 V (given)
w

So, 3 - VB = 0.6 V

w VB = 2.44
©
IB = VB
60 k
= 2.4 mA
60
IC = βIB
. i n
o
= 50 # b 60 l mA
2. 4

= b 6 l 5 mA
2.4
. c
a

VC = (500Ω) b 6 l (5) # 10−3 V
i
2.4
o
= 1V
n
Hence, VEC = VE − VC = 3 − 1 = 2 V
= 2V
.
Q. 20
w
The contour on the x -y plane, where the partial derivative of x2 + y2 with respect
w
to y is equal to the partial derivative of 6y + 4x with respect to x , is
w
(A) y = 2
(B) x = 2
©
(C) x + y = 4
(D) x − y = 0
Given
Partial derivative of ^x2 + y2h with respect to y
= partial derivative of ^6y + 4x h with respect to x
So, 0 + 2y = 0 + 4
2y = 4
y = 2

Q. 21 Which one of the following processes is preferred to form the gate dielectric (SiO 2
) of MOSFETs?
(A) Sputtering
(B) Molecular beam epitaxy
n
(C) Wet oxidation
(D) Dry oxidation
. i
c o
.
Dry oxidation is better then wet oxidation, so dry oxidation is always preferred.
Q. 22
i a
For the circuit shown in the figure, the Thevenin equivalent voltage (in Volts)
d
across terminals a - b is_______.
n o
.
w
w
w
©
Given circuit is
. i n
c o
a .
Applying KCL at node A,
d i

n
3
o
1 A = 12 − VA + VA
6
1
. = 12 − VA + VA
w
3 6
VA = 10 V
w
Q. 23 A coaxial cable is made of two brass conductors. The spacing between the
conductors is filled with Teflon ( ε r = 2.1, tan δ = 0 ). Which one of the following
©
circuits can represent the lumped element model of a small piece of this cable
having length Tz ?

. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
. i n
c o
.
a
Given that
tan δ = 0
d i
tan δ = loss tangent = σ = 0
o

wε
n
So, σ = 0
Hence, conductivity is
.
G = 0
w
w
The circuit shown consists of J -K flip-flops, each with an active low asynchronous
Q. 24
w
reset (Rd input). The counter corresponding to this circuit is
(A) a modulo-5 binary up counter

(B) a modulo-6 binary down counter
(C) a modulo-5 binary down counter
(D) a modulo-6 binary up counter


From the figure, it can be seen it is basic modulo UP counter configuration
because clock is negative edge triggering.
At Modulo-5
n
1 0 1
. i
For this state, all the 3 flip flops will be set to initial condition.
o
Consider the Bode plot shown in the figure. Assume that all the poles and zeros
Q. 25
. c
are real-valued.
i a
o d
. n
w
w
The value of fH - fL (in Hz) is ______
w
For f L , equating the slope,
©
40 − 0 40 =
log 10 (300) − log 10 (f L)
= log 10 c f m = 1
300

i n
L
= 300 = 10

fL
o.
c
fL = 30 Hz
For f H , equating the slope
a .
i
- 40 = 0 − 40
log 10 fH − _ 900 i

d
log
log 10 b 900 l = 1
o
fH

. n
f H = 900 # 10 = 9000
Hence,
w
f H - f L = 9000 − 30 = 8970 Hz
w
w
Q. 26 - Q. 55 Carry two marks each.
©
Q. 26 The variance of the random variable X with probability density function
f (x) = 1 x e− x is_______.
2
Given f (x) = 1 x e− x
2
By definition, variance is
V (X) = E 6x 2@ − {E 6x @} 2
E 6X @ = xf (x) =
3 1
# #
3
x x e− x dx
−3 −3 2
Since it is an odd function, we get
E 6X @ = 0

E 6X 2@ =
# x f (x) = # 12 x f x
3 2 3
2
e− x dx
−3 −3
= # x e dx = 6
3 3 −x

0
V (x) = 6 − (0) 2
n
Hence,
=6
. i
o
Q. 27 A vector field D = 2ρ2 a ρ + z az exists inside a cylindrical region enclosed by the
. c
surfaces ρ = 1, z = 0 and z = 5 . Let S be the surface bounding this cylindrical
##
a
region. The surface integral of this field on S ( D $ ds) is____.
i
s
d
Sol. 27
Given vector field,

D = 2ρ2 a ρ + zaz
n o
.
By using divergence theorem,
w
# (d $ D) dV = # D $ dS

w
V S
2Dφ 2Dz
d $ D = 1 2 (ρD ρ) + 1 +
w
ρ 2ρ ρ 2φ 2z
= 1 2 (r2r2) + 0 + 1
©
r 2r
= 1 (2) (3) r2 + 1 = 6r + 1
r
#
n
1 2π 5
# # # (6ρ + 1) (ρ) dρ dφ dz
i
(dD) dV =
.
V ρ=0 φ=0 z=0
o
= 78.52

Q. 28
. c
In the circuit shown, the current I flowing through the 50Ω resistor will be zero
a
if the value of capacitor C (in µF ) is_______.
d i
n o
.
w
Correct answer is 20.
w
w
Sol. 28
Converting to phasor domain for AC analysis
If current I = 0 ,
Voltage at node A = input voltage
Applying KCL at node A,
Vi + Vi
j 5 j ^5 − 50001C h
= 0

1 = −1
^ 5000C h
or
j5 j 5 − 1
For value of C , we solve above equation. Hence,

C = 20 µF
i n
Q. 29 Suppose x [n] is an absolutely summable discrete-time signal. Its z-transform is a
.
rational function with two poles and two zeroes. The poles are at z = ! 2j. Which
o
one of the following statements is TRUE for the signal x [n]?
c
(A) It is a finite duration signal
(B) It is a causal signal
a .
(C) It is a non-causal signal
(D) It is a periodic signal
d i
n o
.
Given sequence is absolutely summable, so its Fourier transform (DTFT) exists.
w
Now, the poles are located below.
w
w
©
. i n
o
Here, ROC is inside the circle including unit circle. Hence, it is a non-causal
. c
system.
a
Q. 30 The characteristic equation of an LTI system is given by
i
5 4 3 2
F (s) = s + 2s + 3s + 6s − 4s − 8 = 0 . The number of roots that lie strictly in
d
the left half s -plane is_______.
o
n
.
Given characteristic equation,
w
F (s) = s5 + 2s 4 + 3s 3 + 6s 2 − 4s − 8 = 0
w
Applying the Routh stability criterion,
w
s5 1 3 -4
s4 2 6 -8
©s
s
3
2
0 0 0
s1
s0
It contains complete zero row, so we obtain the auxiliary equation as

2s 4 + 6s 2 − 8 = 0
Put x = s2 ,
2x2 + 6x − 8 = 0
x = 1 , - 4

So, s 2 = 1 or s = ! 1
and s 2 =− 4 or s = ! 2j
Hence, one root s =− 1 lies on left side. Taking differential of auxiliary equation,
8s 3 + 12s = 0
i n
Now, the Routh array is redrawn as
s5 1 3 -4
o.
. c
s4 2 6 -8
a
s3 8 12 0
s 2
3 -8 0
d i
o
s1 - 9.33 0
. n
s0 0
w
Since, there is only one sign change in the first column of Routh array, so one
w
pole lie in R.H.P and two poles lie on imaginary axis. Hence, the remaining two
poles lies in L.H.P.
Q. 31
w
In the circuit shown, both the enhancement mode NMOS transistors have the
following characteristics: kn = µ n Cox ^WL h = 1 mA/V2 ; VTN = 1 V . Assume that the
©
channel length modulation parameter λ is zero and body is shorted to source.
The minimum supply voltage VDD (in Volts) needed to ensure that transistor M1
n
operates in saturation mode of operation is_______.
. i
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
For M1 to be in saturation,
VDS > VGS − VTN
w
1 1
VD > 2 − 1
1
©
VD > 1
1
For minimum value VD = 1 V 1
1 mA/V2
So, ID1 = (Vus − VTN ) 2
2
1 mA/V2
=
(2 − 1) 2 = 1 mA (1)
2 2
ID = 0.5 mA
1
Now, for M2
VDS = VGS − VTN will hold
2 2
Since, VG = VD

So, it will always be in saturation. Therefore

ID = 1 (k) (VGS − VTN ) 2
22
Now, I D = I D
1 2
(current in series connected components)
n
0.5 mA = (1 mA/V 2) 1 (VDD − 1 − 1) 2
.
2
o
(VDD - 2) 2 = 1
c
VDD = 3 V
This is the minimum required value.
a .
Q. 32 Consider a continuous-time signal defined as
sin ^ π2t h i
d /
o
x (t) = f πt p *
3
δ (t − 10n)
^2h

n
n =− 3
.
where * denotes the convolution operation and t is in seconds. The Nyquist
w
sampling rate (in samples/sec) for x (t) is_______.
w
Sol. 32
sin ^ π2t h
x (t) = f p
3
/
w ^ π2t h
* δ (t − 10n)
n =− 3
©
Time domain convolution = frequency domain multiplication
So, we obtain
3 3
/ δ (t − 10n) * 101 / δ (f − kfs)
i n
n =− 3 n =− 3
.
f s = 1 = 0.1
o
Ts
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
Thus, the multiplication will result in maximum frequency of 0.2. Hence,
Nyquist rate = 2 fm

w = 2 (0.2) = 0.4 sample/sec
Q. 33
w
A coaxial capacitor of inner radius 1 mm and outer radius 5 mm has a capacitance
©
per unit length of 172 pF/m. If the ratio of outer radius to inner radius is doubled,
the capacitance per unit length (in pF/m) is______.
Capacitance of coaxial capacitor is defined as
C = 2πεbl
ln ^ a h

C1 = ln ^ a h
b 2
ln _ b i
So, 2
C2 b 1
ln ^ 101 h
1
172 pF/m
=
C2 ln (5)
C2 = 120.22 pF/m

Q. 34 A network is described by the state model as

xo1 = 2x1 − x2 + 3u
xo2 =− 4x2 − u
y = 3x1 − 2x2
The transfer function H (s) a= UY ((ss)) k is
. i n
o
(A) 11s + 35 (B) 11s − 35
(s − 2) (s + 4) (s − 2) (s + 4)
(C) 11s + 38 (D)

. c 11s − 38
a
(s − 2) (s + 4) (s − 2) (s + 4)
d i
xo1 = 2x1 − x2 + 3u
n
xo2 =− 4x2 − u

.
y = 3x1 − 2x2
w
where
w
x1
X = > H, U = input vector
x2
w
In matrix form,
xo1 2 −1 3
> H = > HX + > HU
©

xo2 0 −4 −1
x1
Y = [ 3 − 2] ; E
n
x2
So, A = >
2 −1
H
3
. i
, B = > H, C = [3 − 2], D = 0
o
0 −4 −1
c
H (s) = C (sI − A) −1 B + D
Here, D = 0 . So,
a .

= [3 − 2] >
H (s) = C (sI − A) −1 B
s−2 1 3
H > H d i −1
o

0 s + 4 −1
= [3 − 2] 2 1 >
. n
s + 4 −1 3
H> H
w

(s + 2s − 8) 0 s − 2 − 1
w
= 11s + 35
(s − 2) (s + 4)
w
Q. 35 An npn BJT having reverse saturation current Is = 10−15 A is biased in the
forward active region with VBE = 700 mV. The thermal voltage (VT ) is 25 mV and
©
the current gain (β ) may vary from 50 to 150 due to manufacturing variations.
The maximum emitter current (in µA ) is_______.
Collector current is given by
IC = IS exp : VT D = 1015 A exp : 25 mV D
VBE 700 mV

= 10−15 A exp [28]

Also, we may define
IC = βIB
or IB = IC
β

and IE = (β + 1) IB
So, for maximum IE , IB and β should be maximum. Therefore, we obtain
(b + 1) IC
IE = (b + 1) IB =
b
n
b+1 b+1
i
I E = (IC ) = (10−15 A) exp (28)
.
b b
o
Here, we will take β = 50 for maximum IE . Hence,
c
IE = 1475.51 µA
Q. 36
a .
The current in an enhancement mode NMOS transistor biased in saturation
d i
mode was measured to be 1 mA at a drain-source voltage of 5 V. When the
drain-source voltage was increased to 6 V while keeping gate-source voltage same,
o
the drain current increased to 1.02 mA. Assume that drain to source saturation
. n
voltage is much smaller than the applied drain-source voltage. The channel length
modulation parameter λ (in V-1 ) is_______.
Sol. 36
w
w
Given transistor is in saturation region, and
w
Current = 1 mA at VDS = 5 V
Current = 1.02 mA at VDS = 6 V
©
Assuming VG constant, current in saturation region is
ID = k (VGS − VTN ) 2 (1 + λVDS )
2

ID = (1 + λVDS )
1 1
ID = (1 + λVDS )
. i n
o
2 2
1.02 mA = (1 + lVDS )
c
So,
.
2
1 mA (1 + lVDS )
1
1.02 = 1 + 6l
1 + 5l
i a

o d
λ = 0.022 V-1
n
Q. 37 A fair die with faces (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is thrown repeatedly till ‘3’ is observed for
.
the first time. Let X denote the number of times the die is thrown. The expected
w
value of X is_______.
w
We have

w Probability of getting 3 = 16
©
Probability of not getting 3 = 1 − 16 = 56
Now, the random variable X represents the number of throws required for getting
3. So,
X = 1, P (x = 1) = 1
6
X = 2 , P (x = 2) = 5 # 1
6 6
X = 3 , P (x = 3) = 5 # 5 # 1
6 6 6
X = 4 , P (x = 4) = 5 # 5 # 5 # 1
6 6 6 6
E 6X @ = / xP (x)

= (1) b 6 l + (2) b 6 lb 6 l + 3 b 6 l b 6 l + 4 b 6 l b 6 l .....

1 5 1 5 2 1 5 3 1

= 1 ;1 + 2 b 6 l + 3 b 6 l + 4 b 6 l .......E
5 5 2 5 3

6
S = 1 + 2 b 6 l + 3 b 6 l + 4 b 6 l (1)
n
5 5 2 5 3
i
Let

5 2 5 3 5 4
o.
b 6 l S = 5 + 2 b 6 l + 3 b 6 l + 4 b 6 l (2)
5
c
6
Equation (1)-(2),
a .
i
S - 5 S = 1 + b 6 l (2 − 1) + b 6 l + (3 − 2) + b 6 l (4 − 3).....
5 5 2 5 3

d
6
o
5 = 1 + 5 + b 5 l2 + b 5 l3 ......
6 6
n
6 6
.
5 = 1 = 6 or S = 36
w
6 1 − 56
Hence, the expected value of X is

w
E 6x @ = 36 = 6
w
6
Q. 38 In the circuit shown, assume that the op-amp is ideal. If the gain ^Vo /Vin h is - 12,
©
the value of R(in kΩ ) is______.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
Given w

© V0 =− 12
Vin
Vin - 0 = 0 − VA

10 k 10 k
At node A
VA − 0 + VA + VA − V0 = 0 (1)
10 k R 10 k
Vin =− VA
or VA =− Vin (2)
Substituting equation (2) in (1), we have
− Vin − Vin + − Vin − V0 = 0 and V =− 12V
0 in
10 k R 10 k

− Vin − Vin + (− Vin + 12Vin) = 0

10 k R 10 k
Solving above equation, we get
R = 1 k
i n
The electric field profile in the depletion region of a p-n junction in equilibrium is
Q. 39
.
shown in the figure. Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
o
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
(A) The left side of the junction is n-type and the right side is p-type
w
(B) Both the n-type and p-type depletion regions are uniformly doped
w
(C) The potential difference across the depletion region is 700 mV
©
(D) If the p-type region has a doping concentration of 1015 cm-3 , then the doping
concentration in the n-type region will be 1016 cm-3
i n
We know that the electric field is the negative gradient of electric potential, i.e.
E = − dV
.
o

dx
or V =− # Edx
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
Area under the curve given in figure will give the built in potential as
©
Ubi = 1 (0.1) µm # 10 4 V/cm + 1 # 1 µm # 10 4 V/cm
2 2
= 1 (0.1) # 10−6 # 10 4 # 100 + 1 # 10−4 # 10 4 V/cm
2 2
= 0.55 V
In option (C) it is given as 700 mV, so it is not true.
Q. 40 Let xu[n] = 1 + cos ^ π8n h be a periodic signal with period 16. Its DFS coefficients
xu[n] exp ^− j π8 kn h for all k . The value of the coefficient
15
are defined by ak = 1 /
16 n = 0
a 31 is_____.

Given
x [n] = 1 + cos a 8 k, with N = 16
πn

j2pn
x [n] = 1 + 1 e j 16 + 1 e 16
2pn

n
2 2
a1 = a−1 = 1 , a 0 = 1
2
. i
For discrete series,
c o
.
a k = a k + N
So, a 31 = 0.5
i a
d
Two sequences x1 [n] and x2 [n] have the same energy. Suppose x1 [n] = α0.5n u [n],
Q. 41
o
where α is a positive real number and u [n] is the unit step sequence. Assume

.
x2 [n] = *
1.5
n
for n = 0 , 1 otherwise
w
0
Then the value of α is_______.
w
w
x1 [n] = α (0.5) n u [n]
Energy of signal x1 [n] is
=
©
x12 [n] /
3
n=0
n
3
/
i
=
α2 (0.5) 2n
.
n=0
b2l
o
1 2n 3
=α
2
/
. c
n=0
= α2 :1 + 4 + 16 .....D
1 1
= α2 ;1 − 1 E

1
d i
o
4
= 4 α2

3
. n
Again,
w
x2 [n] = $ 1.5 , 1.5 , 0, 0, .......
w
So, energy of signal x2 [n] is
= ^ 1.5 h + ^1.5h
2
w
2

= 1.5 + 1.5 = 3
©
Given that
Energy of signal x1 [n] = Energy of signal x2 [n]
4 α 2 = 3
3
α 2 = 9
4
α = ! 3 = ! 1.5
2
Since α is a positive real number, so we have
α = 1.5

Q. 42 A three bit pseudo random number generator is shown. Initially the value of
output Y / Y2 Y1 Y0 is set to 111. The value of output Y after three clock cycles is
. i n
c o
a .
(A) 000
d i
o
(B) 001
n
(C) 010
(D) 100
.
Sol. 42
w
Correct option is (D).
w
For D -flip flop
w
Q (t + 1) = D (t)
or next state = input
©
So, we may write
Q2 (t + 1) = Q1 (t) + Q 0 (t)
n
Q1 (t + 1) = Q2 (t)
Q 0 (t + 1) = Q1 (t)
. i
o
The resulting output is illustrated in the truth table below.
. c
i a
o d
. n
Q. 43
w
Consider the 3 m ling lossless air-filled transmission line shown in the figure. It
w
has a characteristic impedance of 120π Ω , is terminated by a short circuit, and is
excited with a frequency of 37.5 MHz. What is the nature of the input impedance
w
(Z in )?
(A) Open
(B) Short
(C) Inductive
(D) Capacitive


Given
L = 3 m (lossless)
Z 0 = 120π Ω , ZL = 0 Ω
For lossless line, we have
.
Z in = Z 0 c Z + jZ tan bL m (1)
ZL + jZ 0 tan bL
i n
o

0 L
Now, λ = ?
. c
a
f = 37.5 MHz
d
C = fλ
o
8
So, λ = 3 # 10 6 = 8
n
37.5 # 10

.
βL = 2π (L) = 2π (3) = 3π
w
λ 8 4
Put ZL = 0 in equation (1),

w
Z in = jZ 0 tan βL

w Z in = j (120p) tan 3p
4
or
© Z in < 0 ( tan 3π/4 = negative quantity)
Hence, input impedance is capacitive in nature.
n
Q. 44 A 200 m long transmission line having parameters shown in the figure is terminated
. i
into a load RL . The line is connected to a 400 V source having source resistance
o
RS through a switch, which is closed at t = 0 . The transient response of the
c
circuit at the input of the line (z = 0) is also drawn in the figure. The value of RL
.
(in Ω ) is_______.
i a
o d
. n
w
w
Sol. 44
w
Correct answer is 30.
©
We form the bounce diagram for the given transmission line as

Here, ΓG and Γ L are the reflection coefficients at generator and load end, defined
as
Γ L = RL − 50 (1)
RL + 50
n
and ΓG = 1 (2)
i
2
Again, we have
V ^t = 2µs, Z = 0h = 62.5
o.
c

.
So, we can write
62.5
i a
= V ^t = 0, z = 0h + V ^t = 1, z = 0h + V ^t = 2, z = 0h
= 100 + G L ^100h + GG G L ^100h
d
62.5
o
Substituting equation (2), we get

. n
Γ L = − 1
4
w
Hence, substituting the above result in equation (1), we obtain
w
RL = 30 Ω
w
Q. 45 In the circuit shown, assume that the diodes D1 and D2 are ideal, The average
value of voltage Vab (in Volts), across terminals a and b is_______.
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
In positive half-cycle ^D1 = ON, D2 = OFFh, we have
n o
Vab = 6π sin ωt = 2π sin ωt
.

3
Again, in Negative half-cycle ^D1 = OFF, D2 = ONh, we have
w Vab = 6π sin ωt = 3π sin ωt
w

2
w
Hence, the average of Vab is
= 2p + 3p = 5 volts
©
p p
Q. 46 The position control of a DC servo-motor is given in the figure. The values of
the parameters are KT = 1 N-m/A, Ra = 1Ω , La = 0.1 H, J = 5 kg-m2, B = 1
N-m(rad/sed) and Kb = 1V(rad/sec). The steady-state position response (in
radians) due to unit impulse disturbance torque Td is_______.


To find the response due to Td (s), we will use superposition making input Va (s) = 0
and finding
Q ^s h
Td ^s h
Transfer function =
Td ^s h = 1 (unit impulse response)

^ Js +1 B h . i n
So, θ (s) =
c o
81 + ^ Js + B h_ Ra + L s iB
1
#s
.
1 k + kb
a
i a
=
1
s :(Js + B) + Ra + La s D
K + Kb
For steady state response,

o d
lim sθ (s) =
. n
1
(Js + B) + K + KB
w
s"0
Ra + La s
w
=
1 = 1 1 = 1 = 0.5
K + K 1+1 2
w
B+ b
Ra
©
Q. 47 A random binary wave y (t) is given by
3
y (t) = / X p (t − nT − φ)
n
n =− 3
n
where p (t) = u (t) − u (t − t), u (t) is the unit step function and φ is an independent
. i
random variable with uniform distribution in [0, T ]. The sequence {Xn} consists
o
of independent and identically distributed binary valued random variables with
c
P {Xn =+ 1} = P {Xn =− 1} = 0.5 for each n .
.
The value of the autocorrelation Ryy ^ 34T h _ E 8y (t) y ^t - 34T hB equals______.
Sol. 47 Correct answer is 0.24 to 0.26
i a
d
An SR latch is implemented using TTL gates as shown in the figure. The set and
Q. 48
o
reset inputs are provided using the push-button switches. It is observed that the
n
.
circuit fails to work as desired. The SR latch can be made functional by changing
w
w
w
©
(A) NOR gates to NAND gates
(B) inverters to buffers
(C) NOR gates to NAND gates and inverters to buffers
(D) 5 V to ground
SR latch truth table is shown below.

S R Q
0 0 hold
0 1 reset
n
1 0 Set
1 1 Not Defined
. i
o
The above truth table can be obtained from the given circuit, if we change 5 V
c
.
to ground.
Q. 49 The Newton-Raphson method
i a
is used to solve the equation
d
f (x) = x3 − 5x2 + 6x − 8 = 0 . Taking the initial guess as x = 5 , the solution
o
obtained at the end of the first iteration is_______.
n
.
Sol. 49
f (x) = x3 − 5x2 + 6x − 8

w
x 0 = 5 (initial point)

w f l (x) = 3x2 − 10x + 6
w
By Newton-Raphson method,
f (x 0) f (5)
©
x 1 = x 0 − = 5−
f l (x 0) f l (5)
So, f (5) = (5) 3 − 5 (5) 2 + 6 (5) − 8 = 22
f l (5) = 3 (5) 2 − 10 (5) + 6 = 31
So, x1 = 5 − 22 = 5 − 0.7097
31
. i n
= 4.2903

c o
Q. 50 Consider the differential equation
a .
i
d2 x (t) dx (t)
+3 + 2x (t) = 0
d
dt 2 dt
o
Given x (0) = 20 and x (1) = 10e , where e = 2.718 , the value of x (2) is______.
. n
d2 x (t) dx (t)
w
Given +3 + 2x (t) = 0
dt 2 dt
where
w x (0) = 20 , x (1) = 10 , e = 2.718
e
w
This is homogeneous equation. So particular solution is zero. We obtain auxiliary
©
equation as
m2 + 3m + 2 = 0
m =− 1, − 2
x (t) = Ae−t + Be−2t
x (0) = A + B = 20 (1)
x (1) = Ae−1 + Be−2 = 10 (2)
e
Solving equations (1) and (2),
A = b e − 1 l, B = 10e
10e − 20

e−1
x (t) = b e − 1 l e−t + b e − 1 l e−2t

10e − 20 10e


Put t = 2
x (2) = b e − 1 l e−2 + b e − 1 l e−4
10e − 20 10e

x (2) = 0.8556
Q. 51 The complex envelope of the bandpass signal x (t) =− 2 e
. i n sin ( p5t )
pt
p
o sin (pt − 4 ),
o
centred about f = 1 Hz, is
5
2
sin ^ 5 h j p sin ^ p5t h -j p
. c
pt
(A) e pt o e 4 (B) e pt o e 4
i a
5 5
sin ^ h pt
sin ^ p5t h
d
(C) 2 e o e 4 (D) 2 e oe
5 pj jp
pt pt 4
o
5 5
n
Sol. 51
.
sin ^ p5t h
x (t) =− 2 e o sin 9pt − 4 C
p

w
pt
5
sin ^ h pt
w
=− 2 f pt p9cos 4 sin pt − sin 4 cos ptC
p p
^5h
5

w
sin ^ p5t h sin ^ p5t h
= > pt H cos pt − > pt H sin pt
^5h ^5h
©
Let XC be complex envelope of above signal. So, we have
sin pt sin pt
^5h
XC = pt 5 + j pt 5
i n
5
sin ^ pt h p
.
pt
sin
^5h
= pt 5 [1 + j] = 2 pt 5 e j 4
o
5
c
Q. 52 A realization of a stable discrete time system is shown in the figure. If the system
.
is excited by a unit step sequence input x [n], the response y [n] is
a
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
(A) 4 b- 1 l u [n] - 5 b- 2 l u [n] (B) 5 b- 2 l u [n] - 3 b- 1 l u [n]
n n n n
©
3 3 3 3
(C) 5 b 1 l u [n] - 5 b 2 l u [n] (D) 5 b 2 l u [n] - 5 b 1 l u [n]

n n n n
3 3 3 3
We redraw the given system as

. i n
c o
a .
From the circuit, we have
d i
A [n] = x [n] + A [n − 1] − 2 A [n − 2]
o

9
n
A (z) # :1 − z + 9 z D = X (z)
.
−1 2 −2

w
A (z)
= 1 (1)
w
X (z) 1 − 2 + 29 z−2
−1
Y [n] =− 5 A [n − 1] + 5 A [n − 2]
w
Again,
3 3
Y (z) = : 3 z + 3 z D A (z)
− 5 −1 5 −2
©

Y (z)
= − 5 z−1 + 5 z−2 (2)
A (z) 3 3
Multiplying equations (1) and (2),
−5 −1
z + 5 z−2
. i n
o
Y (z)
= 3 −1 32 −2
X (z) 1 − z + 9 z
For unit step response,
. c
X (z) = 1 −1
1−z
i a
So,
z [1 − z−1]
Y (z) =
#
o
−5 −1
13
d
n
1 − z + 29 z−2 1 − z−1 −1
=
5 −
.5
w
1 − 13 z−1 1 − 23 z−1
y 6n@ = 5 b 3 l u [n] − 5 b 3 l u [n]

w
1 n 2 n
Hence,
w
Q. 53 The ABCD parameters of the following 2-port network are
3.5 + j2 20.5 3.5 + j2 30.5

(A) = G (B) = G
20.5 3.5 − j2 0.5 3.5 − j2
10 2 + j0 7 + j4 0.5
(C) = G (D) > H
2 + j0 10 30.5 7 − j4


ABCD parameters are defined as
V1 A B V2
> H = > H> H
I1 C D − I2
i n
V1 = AV2 − BI2
I1 = CY2 − DI2
o.
. c
i a
o d
From the circuit,
. n
A = V1
V2
w

w
V2 = 2 V
w
7 + 4j 1
V1 = A = 7 + 4j = 3.5 + 2j
©

V2 2
I 1 = C
V2
I1 = V1
7 + 4j
. i n
V2 = b 7 + 4j l V1
o
2

V2 = b 7 + 4j l (I1) (7 + 4j)
2
. c
a

I1 = 0.5 = C
d i
o
V2
n
Similarly, we may obtain other parameters. The value of parameter C satisfies
.
the option (B) only. So, the ABCD parameters are
w
3.5 + j2 30.5
= G
w
0.5 3.5 − j2
w
Q. 54 A universal logic gate can implement any Boolean function by connecting sufficient
number of them appropriately. Three gates are shown.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

(A) Gate 1 is a universal gate
(B) Gate 2 is a universal gate
(C) Gate 3 is a universal gate
(D) None of the gates shown is a universal gate
. i n
o
c
In general, the only universal gates are NAND and NOR gates but none of the
.
given question is NAND/NOR gate.
i a
However, we must observe the given Gate 3. All the Boolean function can be
d
implemented by using the gate. Hence it is a universal gate.
o
Q. 55 For the system shown in the figure, s =− 2.75 lies on the root locus if K
n
is______.
.
w
w
w
Sol. 55
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The open loop transfer function is
i n
K (s + 3) (10)
G (s) H (s) =
.
(s + 2)
o
At point s =− 2.75 ,
. c
G (s) H (s) = 1 (point lie on root locus)
i a
K (s + 3)
10 = 1
(s + 2)
Hence,
0.25 d
K = 0.75 b 10 l = 3 = 0.3
o
1
10
. n
w END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
w
w
©

ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (A) (B) (C) (B) (C) (B)
. i n(A) (1.11) (B)
Electronics & Communication
c o
1 2 3 4 5 6
a . 7 8 9 10
i
(C) (A) (8) (84.28º) (B) (0.5) (C) (2) (D) (C)
d
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(B) (B) (A) (A) (D)
n o(100) (159.23) (0.155) (2) (A)
.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
w
(D) (10) (B) (A) (8970) (6) (78.52) (20) (C) (2)
w
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(3) (0.4) (120.22) (A) (1475.5) (0.022) (6) (1) (C) (0.5)
41 42 43
w 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
©
(1.5) (D) (D) (30) (5) (0.5) (0.24- (D) (4.29) (0.856)
0.26)
51 52 53 54 55
(C) (C) (B) (C) (0.3)
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©


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GATE SOLVED PAPER

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NODIA AND COMPANY

Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

n o (B) (1) and (3)

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Q. 6 - Q. 10 Carry two marks each.

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90% of area of sheet = cross sectional area of cone

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Electronics & Communication Engineering

Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

We check the given options.

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Sol. 2 Correct option is (A).

Q. 4 The phase margin (in degrees) of the system G (s) = 10 is______.

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Squaring both side,

= 180° − 90° − tan−1 a 10 k

By voltage division rule,

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Sol. 8 Correct answer is 2.

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Subtracting equation (2) from (1),

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From given question f (z) = 1

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G (0) = # g (t) dt = area under the curve g (t) (taking s = 0 )

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(A) a modulo-5 binary up counter

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Sol. 24 Correct option is (A).

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Given vector field,

Converting to phasor domain for AC analysis

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For value of C , we solve above equation. Hence,

It contains complete zero row, so we obtain the auxiliary equation as

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For minimum value VD = 1 V 1

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So, it will always be in saturation. Therefore

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Q. 34 A network is described by the state model as

(C) 11s + 38 (D)

= 10−15 A exp [28]

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= (1) b 6 l + (2) b 6 lb 6 l + 3 b 6 l b 6 l + 4 b 6 l b 6 l .....

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− Vin − Vin + (− Vin + 12Vin) = 0

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Sol. 43 Correct option is (D).

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w Vab = 6π sin ωt = 3π sin ωt

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