World Journal of Neuroscience, 2017, 7, 257-266

http://www.scirp.org/journal/wjns
ISSN Online: 2162-2019
ISSN Print: 2162-2000

Hyper-Excitability Followed by Functional

Quiescence in Neuronal Cells Caused by
Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE): Treatable by
Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy
(ACE) Pathway

W. John Martin

Institute of Progressive Medicine, South Pasadena, CA, USA

How to cite this paper: Martin, W.J. (2017) Abstract

Hyper-Excitability Followed by Functional
Quiescence in Neuronal Cells Caused by
Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE): Treatable
by Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Ener-
gy (ACE) Pathway. World Journal of Neu-
roscience, 7, 257-266.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2017.73021
Received: May 16, 2017
Accepted: June 20, 2017
Published: June 23, 2017
Copyright © 2017 by author and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial
International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Open Access
Living organisms derive energy for cellular activities through three primary
mechanisms. The first is photosynthesis, which is restricted to plants and cer-
tain bacteria. It uses energy in sunlight to combine carbon dioxide with water
to form carbohydrates plus oxygen. The second is chemical energy, which is
obtainable by all organisms from the cellular metabolism of carbohydrates
and other organic molecules. The third mechanism of obtaining cellular
energy is the alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway. The ACE pathway is
expressed as an added dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body’s fluids. It results
from the absorption of an environmental force termed KELEA (kinetic energy
limiting electrostatic attraction). The fundamental role of KELEA is presuma-
bly to prevent the fusion and annihilation of electrostatically attracted oppos-
ing electrical charges. KELEA can loosen the hydrogen bonding between fluid
molecules. KELEA benefits living organisms in part by enabling more efficient
biochemical reactions. Cells require a minimal amount of energy to remain
viable. Additional energy is required to undertake specialized cellular func-
tions. Illnesses result if cells have insufficient cellular energy (ICE) for their
specialized functions. Since KELEA is attracted to separated electrical charges,
it is presumably attracted to the electrical charges comprising the membrane
potential of cells. It is proposed that the depolarization of neuronal cells leads
to the partial release of KELEA for use by the depolarized cell and as a con-
tribution to the overall activation of the body’s fluids. Many brain illnesses
currently attributed to cellular neurodegeneration are explainable as neuronal
cells’ adaptations to ICE. The adaptations likely comprise initial hyper-exci-
tability to obtain additional KELEA, followed by functional quiescence prior

DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2017.73021 June 23, 2017

W. J. Martin

to actual neuronal cell death. Clinical recovery during both the hyper-excitable
and hypoactive phases is potentially achievable by enhancing the ACE path-
way. Furthermore, among the restored specialized functions of quiescent
neuronal cells may be the capacity to again attract KELEA, leading to sustain-
able recovery. The opportunity exists for extended clinical trials involving the
ACE pathway in neurological and psychiatric illnesses.

Keywords
Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway, Insufficiency of Cellular Energy,
ICE, KELEA, Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction, Neurodegeneration,
Membrane Potential, Chemical Reactions, Neurology, Psychiatry

1. Introduction
It is widely assumed that work performed by living organisms is fueled entirely,
either directly or indirectly, from the energy in sunlight via photosynthesis [1].
Specifically, it is known that chlorophyll in plants and in certain bacteria utilizes
sunlight to partition hydrogen ions (protons) across lipid membranes [2]. The
lipid membranes contain portals allowing for the electrostatic and chemiosmotic
induced return of the protons through the membrane. ATP synthase enzymes
are located within these portals [3]. The proton motive force enables the ATP
synthase enzymes to add a third phosphate from the phosphoryl (PO3) molecule
to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) [4]. This creates the high-energy molecule,
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [5]. Essentially, the chlorophyll absorbed elec-
tromagnetic energy from sunlight is initially converted to the potential electrical
energy of separated charges and this energy is subsequently converted to chemi-
cal energy [6]. The reconversion of photosynthetically-derived ATP back to ADP
provides the rubisco enzymes in plants with chemical energy to link carbon dio-
xide with water to form glucose and to release oxygen [7]. The linking of carbon
dioxide to water is reversible using a different set of enzymes in an oxygen re-
quiring process called oxidative phosphorylation [8]. The oxidation of glucose in
plants, as well as animals, occurs in the cells’ mitochondria [9] and yields ATP
from ADP for numerous cellular activities [10]. These activities include the syn-
thesis of other types of organic molecules, including the many structural and func-
tional components of organisms. The reconversion of ATP to ADP also supplies
energy for the activities of most functional molecules. Replenishing ATP from
ADP is achieved through the biochemical conversion into smaller chemical units
(metabolism) of organic molecules consumed as food [11]. The metabolism of
food also provides heat in warm blooded animals and humans. Daily energy
consumption in an average sized human is equivalent to approximately two
thousand kilocalories (2000 kcal), also expressed as 2000 Calories [12].

2. Additional Cellular Energy beyond the Metabolism of Food

Upon closer examination, the above explanation does not fully account for the

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work performed by humans. For example, most humans maintain a body tem-
perature greater than 20˚C above the average temperature of the environment.
The body temperature returns to that of the environment well within 24 hours of
death. A Calorie (kcal) is required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (Kg) of
water by 1˚C [13]. Slightly less heat is required to raise the temperature of solid
bodily tissues. Discarding the minor variable that the body is not entirely com-
posed of water, a 75 Kg individual effectively requires 20 × 75 or 1500 Calories
daily to simply maintain the body at 20˚C above that of the environment. The
remaining 500 Calories from a typical 2000 Calorie diet is clearly insufficient to
account for the extensive daily work performed by muscles, including the heart;
brain; intestines; liver; kidney; and other body organs.
Another difficulty with the assumption that photosynthesis is the evolutionary
source of all cellular energy is the energy requirement to originally synthesize
chlorophyll, ATP synthase, lipids, etc. A fundamental requirement for life is es-
tablishing membranes that allow the separation of electrical charges. Lipids can
create a barrier to the passage of water soluble electrolytes; as can membranes
composed of simple terpenes. The formation of hydrophobic membranes, which
encapsulate molecules with overall negative charges would lead to an electrical
charge differential with the electrically neutral outside environment. Separated
electrical charges have potential energy, which is directly related to the level of
the opposing charges and the distance between the charges [14]. As separated
charges move closer to one another, the decreasing potential electrical energy
can be converted into other energy forms. Therefore, having regulated openings
or passageways in the membrane can theoretically account for the conversion of
potential electrical energy into chemical energy. It is essentially the same process
by which photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation supposedly generate
chemical energy. Indeed, some chemists explain all chemical reactions as being
solely driven by an overall reduction in the potential electrical energies of the
reacting molecules.

3. Possible Involvement of KELEA in Conversion of Electrical

to Chemical Energy
A premise of the KELEA hypothesis is that separated electrical charges attract
KELEA, which is partially released as the electrical charges approach one anoth-
er [15]-[22]. The presumed release of KELEA is in addition to the energy result-
ing from the generally understood reduction of potential electrical energy of ap-
proaching electrical charges. Oscillating electrical charges are viewed as a net
source of additional energy into living organisms, with only some of the energy
necessarily being converted to chemical energy. The enzyme rubisco is relatively
inefficient in chemically combining carbon dioxide with water in photosynthesis
[23]. Yet it can be shown to function in an oscillatory manner [24] [25] [26]. It is
intriguing to consider that rubisco and quite possibly other oscillatory enzymes
are partially functioning in the delivery of KELEA to plants.
A more defined postulate is that the depolarization process of electrically ac-

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tive neuronal and neurosensory cells is a major source of KELEA for cellular
energy [27] [28] [29]. Repetitive depolarization could lead to an increased
availability of KELEA, which is transferable to intracellular water, thereby,
improving the dynamic activity of the water. Specifically, the heightened
KELEA would facilitate energy requiring, intracellular chemical reactions.
These reactions could further augment the supply of KELEA by re-establishing
cross-membrane electrical gradients through the selective transport of electro-
lytes across the cell membrane. In other words, it is proposed that the fluc-
tuating electrical activity of the brain and muscles, including the heart, can act
as a positive feedback antenna to usefully capture KELEA from the environ-
ment [27] [28] [29].

4. Hyper- and Hypo-Excitability of Neuronal Cells

as Responses to ICE
As explained above, hyper-excitability of neuronal and/or neurosensory cells
could reasonably be a compensatory reaction to ICE [27] [28] [29]. This is con-
sistent with illnesses such as pain syndromes with lower pain threshold, pares-
thesia, photophobia, epilepsy and various other common hyperactive neurologi-
cal symptoms. Unlike unicellular organisms, repetitive depolarization of neu-
ronal cells in complex systems such as the brain can impose a potential drain on
the available energy. This can occur due to the resulting downstream synthesis
and release of neurotransmitters and to the need for added synthesis of electro-
lyte transport channels [29]. Continued ICE is likely, therefore, to eventually
lead to a cessation of the specialized functioning of the neuronal and/or neuro-
sensory cells. Essentially, the cells would become functionally quiescent, at least
for some time prior to ultimate cell death. This is not to argue that neuronal cell
death and brain atrophy are not ultimate features of neurodegenerative disease
[30]. Rather, it is proposed that neurodegeneration may be preceded by a pro-
longed period of functional quiescence of neuronal cells.

5. ACE Pigments and KELEA Activation of Water

The major distinction between functional neuronal quiescence and neurodege-
neration is that the former is potentially reversible with additional cellular ener-
gy. A possible source of added energy is more efficient metabolism of food. Im-
paired metabolism of food can arise from deficiencies of specific dietary nu-
trients, restricted delivery of oxygen, intake or continuing presence of toxins,
and various genetic disorders. Increasing or adjusting food intake is, however, of
little or no clinical benefit in most patients. The more intriguing possibility is
clinical recovery from efforts to enhance the ACE pathway [15]-[22]. Indeed,
there are indications of the body’s own efforts to increase its uptake of KELEA.
This is seen, for example, in the formation of KELEA attracting materials,
termed ACE pigments. These materials were initially described as self-assembled
particles and fibers that suppress the cytopathic effect of cultured stealth adapted
viruses [31] [32]. ACE pigments form intracellularly as inclusions, but are then

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excreted into the extracellular fluid. Chemical and other analyses indicate that
the particles comprise a wide range of both aliphatic and aromatic complex hy-
drocarbons, along with other organic molecules. They are commonly complexed
with minerals, which vary widely between different particles. There is an abun-
dant production of lipids, including membranes within the tissue culture me-
dium [31] [32].
A remarkable feature of the recovered virus infected cells is the marked dis-
ruption of the cells’ mitochondria [33] [34]. This suggested that the particles
were substituting as an energy source for the cells. Indeed, ACE pigments have
energy transducing properties, including being electrostatic, fluorescent and oc-
casionally ferromagnetic. Fluorescence occurs under both ultraviolet (UV) and
visible light. The UV fluorescence can be greatly enhanced with certain dyes, in-
cluding neutral red and acridine orange. ACE pigment particles and fibers also
form in the tissues of stealth adapted virus infected patients [33] [34] [35]. Their
presence is a defining feature of an illness referred to as Morgellon’s disease [36].
ACE pigments also form in response to conventional virus infections, including
herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes zoster virus (HZV) and human papilloma-
virus (HPV). Moreover, UV light illumination of neutral red dye stained herpes
virus induced skin lesions is a readily available means of expediting healing of
the lesions [37] [38] [39].
Creating a heightened KELEA energy field able to activate the ACE pathway
may explain the therapeutic effect of several types of medical devices, which em-
ploy rapid on-and-off electrical switching. Historical examples include the beam
ray of Royal Raymond Rife, the multi-wave oscillator of Georges Lakhovsky, the
papimi machine of Panos Pappas, and electro-acupuncture. [Reviewed in 15].
Modern day versions of these various devices have been shown to lower the sur-
face tension and increase the volatility of water that is placed within the heigh-
tened KELEA field created by the devices. Energy oscillations can also be created
using flashing lights with converging light waves [40] and by bifilar electrical
coils conducting bidirectional direct current [41]. Water activation can also be
achieved by electrolysis in the production of Brown’s gas, which includes a form
of non-thermal vaporized water molecules [15].
ACE pigments were identified as being dipolar based on their being electros-
tatic and prone to self-assembly. As expected, they can readily activate water. So
too can many other dipolar compounds when added to water. Examples include
humic/fulvic acids, zeolites, mineral oxides, herbal materials, etc., [15]-[22].
When chemicals are used, they can be removed by decanting, filtration or re-
peated dilutions, as in homeopathy. The activated water can be either parente-
rally administered or consumed as drinking water. KELEA releasing activated
fluids can also be therapeutically effective if simply placed in proximity to the
patients. Neutral red dye can be added to the fluid and the solution illuminated
with UV light. This latter approach has been successfully used in treating child-
ren with autism [42] and is effective even if the body is shielded from the fluo-
rescence by a black plastic barrier.

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6. Brain and Muscle Activities in Support of the ACE Pathway

It is widely believed that humor, joy, optimism and serenity improve overall
health, while stress is detrimental to health. Certain practices have been codified
into major movements including religions, Ayurveda practices, Qigong, Reiki,
meditation, yoga, etc., [43] [44]. Prior explanations for these effects have in-
cluded i) possible induced alterations in levels of neurohormones, such as do-
pamine and endorphins; ii) differing brain wave oscillatory patterns, with prefe-
rence given to high frequency gamma waves as detected on the electroencepha-
logram (EEG) and; iii) dominance of the parasympathetic over the sympathetic
autonomic nervous system. A more reasonable explanation is that the various
beneficial practices are improving the antenna function of the brain in attracting
KELEA from the environment. So too might physical exercise with the fluctuating
electrical activity of contracting muscles [45] and possibly stressed bone [46].
KELEA can radiate from activated water and it is quite possible that certain spiri-
tual healers can help instill KELEA into those with whom they come into contact.

7. Conclusion
The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway is defined as a dynamic (kinetic)
quality of the body fluids resulting from the attraction of an external force
termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). The ACE path-
way is a major source of cellular energy for living organisms, in addition to the
cellular energy derived from food metabolism. KELEA is attracted to separated
electrical charges and can be partially released as the charges approach one
another. This can occur with certain oscillating dipolar molecules and may also
accompany certain chemical reactions. It is further proposed that the attraction
and release of KELEA occurs during the depolarization of the cell membrane
potential of neuronal and neurosensory cells. This can be a source of cellular
energy for the neuronal and neurosensory cells as well as for the entire body. An
insufficiency of cellular energy (ICE) can lead to an initial hyper-excitability of
neuronal and neurosensory cells, followed by functional quiescence or loss of the
specialized cellular functions, without necessarily resulting in cell death (neuro-
degeneration). Neuronal quiescence is potentially reversible using procedures
able to enhance the ACE pathway. Moreover, restoration of KELEA attracting
capacity of neuronal and neurosensory cells may lead to a sustainable functional
recovery of the cells. Clinical validation of the neuronal quiescence hypothesis is
provided by anecdotal reports of restored neurological functions in patients re-
ceiving Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies. The stage is
now set for major controlled clinical studies. A promising approach is to com-
pare the clinical outcomes in neurological impaired patients consuming either
regular or KELEA activated drinking water. Clinicians and leaders of patient
support groups are encouraged to participate in these studies.

Acknowledgements
The Institute of Progressive Medicine is a component of MI Hope Inc., a

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non-profit public charity. Valuable clinical input and insights have been received
from various Complementary and Alternative Medicine practitioners.

Conflict of Interest
None.

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Abbreviations
ACE: alternative cellular energy, ICE: insufficiency of cellular energy, KELEA:
kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction, CAM: complementary and alter-
native medicine, ATP: adenosine triphosphate, ADP: adenosine diphosphate,
kcal: kilocalories, Kg: kilogram

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