Cálculo I

Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

LIMITES E CONTINUIDADES

x −1 x+e − x
1) Lim f ( x ) = 2) Lim f ( x) =
e→0
x →1 3
x −1 e

Solução : Solução:

Faça → u 3 = x  x +e − x   x+e + x 
Lim f ( x) = Lim  × 
  x+e + x 
e→0 e→0
u3 −1  e
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u →1
u3 −1
u →1 3

Lim f ( x) = Lim
( x+e − ) ( x)
2 2

Lim f (u ) = Lim
u3 −1 e→0 e→0 e × x+e× ( x )
u →1 u →1 u − 1
x+e− x
Lim f (u ) = Lim
(
(u − 1) ⋅ u 2 + u + 1 ) Lim f ( x) = Lim
e→0 e→0 e × x+e × ( x )
u →1 u →1 (u − 1) e
u →1 u →1
(
Lim f (u ) = Lim u 2 + u + 1 ) Lim f ( x) = Lim
e→0 e→0 e × x+e × ( x )
Lim f (u ) = 12 + 1 + 1 Lim f ( x) = Lim
1
u →1

Lim f (u ) = 1
e→0 e→0 (
x+e× x )
u →1
1
Lim f ( x) = Lim
e→0 e→0 (
x+0× x )
1
Lim f ( x) =
e→0 (
x× x )
1 2 x 1 2 x
Lim f ( x) = ⇒ Lim f ( x) = ⋅
⇒ Lim f ( x) = ⇒
e→0 2 x e→0 2 x 2 x e→0 4x
x
Lim f ( x) =
e→0 2x

1
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

x −1 3
x +1 −1
3) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 4) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x →1 x →1 3 x− x x→0 x→0 x

Solução : Solução :

Faça → x = u 3 Faça → u = 3 x + 1 ⇔ x = u 3 − 1
u3 −1 u −1
Lim f (u ) = Lim Lim f (u ) = Lim
u →1 u →1
u− u 3 u →0 u →0 u3 −1
u3 −1 Lim f (u ) = Lim
(u − 1)
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u →1 u →1 u − u u
u →0 u →0 (u − 1) ⋅ (u 2 + u + 1)
1
u3 −1 u + u u Lim f (u ) = Lim
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u →1 u →1
⋅
u −u u u +u u
u →0 u →0 (
u + u +1
2
)
Lim f (u ) = Lim
(u 3
)(
−1 ⋅ u + u u ) Lim f (u ) =
1
1 +1+1
2

( )
u →0
u →1 u →1 2
u2 − u u Lim f (u ) = 1
(u − 1)⋅ (u + u u )
u →0
3
Lim f (u ) = Lim
u →1 u →1 u2 − u3

Lim f (u ) = Lim
(
(u − 1) ⋅ u 2 + u + 1 ⋅ u + u u)( )
u →1 u →1 − u 2 ⋅ (u − 1)

Lim f (u ) = Lim
(u
+ u +1 ⋅ u + u u
2
)( )
u →1 u →1 − u2

Lim f (u ) =
( )(
12 + 1 + 1 ⋅ 1 + 1 1 )
u →1 − 12
3× 2
Lim f (u ) = −
u →1 1
Lim f (u ) = −6
u →1

2
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

x+3 − 3 5 − 3x 3
5) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 6) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x→0 x →0 x x → +∞ x → +∞ 8 x + 2

Solução : Solução :

x+3− 3 x+3+ 3 5 − 3x 3
Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⋅ Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 8 x + 2
x→0 x→0 x x+3+ 3

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( x+3) − ( 3)
2 2 5 
x ⋅  − 3x 2 
x ⋅ ( x + 3 + 3) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 
x→0 x→0
x 
x → +∞ x → +∞  2
x +3−3 x ⋅ 8 + 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x
x→0 x→0 x⋅ ( x+3 + 3 )  1 2 
x  5 ⋅ − 3x 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim f ( x ) = Lim  
( )
x
x→0 x→0 x⋅ x+3 + 3 x → +∞ x → +∞  1
1 8 + 2 ⋅ 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x
x→0 x→0 ( x+3+ 3 ) [5 ⋅ 0 − 3 ⋅ (+ ∞ ) ]
2
Lim f ( x ) =
Lim f ( x ) =
1 x → +∞ (8 + 2 ⋅ 0)
x→0 ( 0+3+ 3 ) −∞
Lim f ( x ) =
1 x → +∞ 8
Lim f ( x ) =
x→0 3+ 3 Lim f ( x ) = −∞
x → +∞
1 2 3 2 3
Lim f ( x ) = ⋅ ⇒ Lim f ( x ) =
x→0 2 3 2 3 x→0 4×3
3
Lim f ( x ) =
x→0 6

3
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

− 5x3 + 2 x2 +1
7) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 8) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 7 x 3 + 3 x → +∞ x → +∞ x +1

Solução : Solução :

− 5x 3 + 2 x2 +1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 7 x 3 + 3 x → +∞ x → +∞ x +1
 2   1 
− x3 ⋅ 5 − 3  x 2 ⋅ 1 + 2 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x   x 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞  3  x → +∞ x → +∞  1
x3 ⋅ 7 + 3  x ⋅ 1 + 
 x   x
 1 
− 5 − 2 ⋅ 3   1 
x 2 ⋅ 1 + 2 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim 
x 
 x 
x → +∞ x → +∞  1  Lim f ( x ) = Lim
7 + 3⋅ 3  x → +∞ x → +∞  1
 x  x ⋅ 1 + 
 x
− (5 − 2 ⋅ 0 )
Lim f ( x ) =   1 
x → +∞ (7 + 3 ⋅ 0 ) x ⋅  1 + 2  
−5 Lim f ( x ) = Lim   x  
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 7 x → +∞ x → +∞  1
x ⋅ 1 + 
 x
 1 
1 + 2 
 x 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞  1
1 + 
 x
1+ 0
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 1+ 0
1
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 1
Lim f ( x ) = 1
x → +∞

4
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

9) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞
( x2 +1 − x2 −1 )
Solução :

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞
( x2 +1 − x2 −1 ⋅ ) x2 +1 + x2 −1
x2 +1 + x2 −1

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( x2 +1 −) (
2
x2 −1 )
2

x → +∞ x → +∞
 1   1 
x 2 ⋅ 1 + 2  + x 2 ⋅  1 − 2 
 x   x 

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(
x2 +1− x2 −1 )
x → +∞ x → +∞ 1 1
x2 ⋅ 1+ 2
+ x2 ⋅ 1−
x x2
x +1− x2 +1
2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞  1   1 
x ⋅  1 + 2  + x ⋅  1 − 2 

 x   x 
2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞  1 1 
x ⋅  1 + 2 + 1 − 2 
 x x 
2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x → +∞ x → +∞  1 1 
x ⋅  1 + 2 + 1 − 2 
 x x 
x
1
2⋅
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x → +∞ x → +∞ 1 1
1+ 2
+ 1− 2
x x
2⋅0
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 1+ 0 + 1− 0
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 1+1
0
Lim f ( x ) =
x → +∞ 2
Lim f ( x ) = 0
x → +∞

5
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

10) Lim f ( x ) = Lim x

x → +∞ x → +∞
( x2 −1 − x )
Solução :
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x → +∞ x → +∞
( x2 −1 − x )
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞
( x − 1)⋅ x − x
x → +∞
2 2

Lim f ( x ) = Lim [( x − 1 )⋅ x − x ]⋅
( )
x2 −1 ⋅ x + x2
( − 1 )⋅ x + x
2 2
x → +∞ x → +∞
x2 2

[( x − 1)⋅ x] − (x )
2
2
2 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞
( x − 1)⋅ x + x
x → +∞ 2 2

Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(x
−1 ⋅ x2 − x4
2
)
x → +∞ x → +∞  x2 −1 
x2 ⋅ + 1
 x 
 
x −x −x
4 2 4
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞  x2 −1 
x2 ⋅ + 1
 x 
 
−x 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞
2 
 x2 −1 
x ⋅ + 1
 x 
 
−1 −1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⇒ Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⇒
x → +∞ x → +∞
x −1
2 x → +∞ x → +∞
 1 
+1 x 2 ⋅ 1 − 2 
x  x 
+1
x
−1 −1
⇒ Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⇒ Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⇒
x → +∞ x → +∞ 1 x → +∞ x → +∞  1 
x ⋅ 1− 2
2
x ⋅  1 − 2  + 1
x  x 
+1
x x
−1 −1 −1
⇒ Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⇒ Lim f ( x ) = ⇒ Lim f ( x ) = ⇒
x → +∞ x → +∞ 1 x → +∞ 1− 0 +1 x → +∞ 1+1
1− 2 +1
x
1
Lim f ( x ) = −
x → +∞ 2

6
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

v v −1 v v −1
11) Lim f (v ) = Lim 11) Lim f (v ) = Lim
v → +∞ v → +∞ 3v − 1 v → +∞ v → +∞ 3v − 1

Solução : Solução :

Faça → v = x 2 Faça → v = x 2
x2 x2 −1 x2 x2 −1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 3x 2 − 1 x → +∞ x → +∞ 3x 2 − 1
x2 ⋅ x −1 x2 ⋅ x −1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 3 x 2 − 1 x → +∞ x → +∞ 3 x 2 − 1

x3 −1 x3 −1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x → +∞ x → +∞ 3 x 2 − 1 x → +∞ x → +∞ 3 x 2 − 1

 1   1 
x2 ⋅  x − 2  x2 ⋅  x − 2 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x 
Lim f ( x ) = Lim  x 
x → +∞ x → +∞  1  x → +∞ x → +∞  1 
x2 ⋅ 3 − 2  x2 ⋅ 3 − 2 
 x   x 
1 1
x− 2 x− 2
Lim f ( x ) = Lim x Lim f ( x ) = Lim x
x → +∞ x → +∞ 1 x → +∞ x → +∞ 1
3− 2 3− 2
x x
+∞−0 +∞−0
Lim f ( x) = Lim f ( x) =
x → +∞ 3−0 x → +∞ 3−0
+∞ +∞
Lim f ( x) = Lim f ( x) =
x → +∞ 3 x → +∞ 3
Lim f ( x ) = +∞ Lim f ( x ) = +∞
x → +∞ x → +∞

7
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011
 Cálculo I
Profº. Marcello Santos Chaves

x 4 − 16 3
x −1
12) Lim f ( x ) = Lim 13) Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x→2 8 − x 3
x→2 x →1 x →1 x −1

Solução : Solução :

x 4 − 16 Faça → x = t 6
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x→2 x→2 8 − x 3
3
t6 −1
x 4 − 16 (− 1) Lim f (t ) = Lim
Lim f ( x ) = Lim ⋅ t →1 t →1
t6 −1
x→2 x→2 8 − x 3 (− 1)
t2 −1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(x ) − (4 )⋅ (− 1)
2 2 2 Lim
t →1
f (t ) = Lim 3
t →1 t − 1
x→2 x→2 x −8 3
t 2 − 12
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( 2
)(
x + 4 ⋅ x 2 − 4 ⋅ (− 1) ) Lim
t →1
f (t ) = Lim 3 3
t →1 t − 1
x→2 x→2 x 3 − 23 (t + 1) ⋅ (t − 1)
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
( )( )
x 2 + 4 ⋅ x 2 − 2 2 ⋅ (− 1) Lim
t →1
f (t ) = Lim
(
t →1 (t − 1) ⋅ t 2 + 1 ⋅ t + 12 )
x→2 x→2 (
(x − 2 ) ⋅ x 2 + 2 x + 2 2) t +1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
(x + 4)⋅ (x + 2) ⋅ (x − 2) ⋅ (− 1)
2 Lim
t →1
f (t ) = Lim 2
t →1 t + t + 1
x→2 x→2 (x − 2 ) ⋅ (x + 2 x + 4 )
2
1+1
f (t ) = 2
(x + 4)⋅ (x + 2) ⋅ (− 1)
Lim
2 t →1 1 +1+1
Lim f ( x ) = Lim
x→2 x→2 (x + 2 x + 4)2
Lim f (t ) =
2

Lim f ( x ) =
(2 + 4)⋅ (2 + 2) ⋅ (− 1)
2 t →1 3
x→2 (2 + 2 ⋅ 2 + 4)
2

8 × 4 × (− 1)
Lim f ( x ) =
x→2 4+4+4
− 32
Lim f ( x ) =
x→2 12
8
Lim f ( x ) = −
x→2 3

8
Marcello Santos Chaves
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFPA) Belém-PA, Abril de 2011