ɆɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɧɚɭɤɢɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɜɵɫɲɟɝɨɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
©Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɨɝɨɪɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɢɦȽɂɇɨɫɨɜɚª

Libri Magistri

ȼɵɩɭɫɤ

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ

ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣɠɭɪɧɚɥ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɜɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ

Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɨɝɨɪɫɤ
2015
ɍȾɄ 800 LIBRI MAGISTRI
ȻȻɄ ɒ5(2=Ɋ) ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɜɮɟɜɪɚɥɟɝ

ȼɵɩ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɹ
ɌȿȺɛɪɚɦɡɨɧ– ɨɬɜɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɞ-ɪ ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɋȼɊɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ– ɡɚɦɨɬɜɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɅɚɭɪɚɊɨɫɫɢ– ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɪɭɫɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɇɢɥɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɌɆɉɨɩɨɜɢɱ – ɞ-ɪ ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ Ȼɟɥɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɇȼɄɨɧɨɧɨɜɚ – ɞ-ɪ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɢɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
Ʌɚɬɜɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ȺɄȽɥɚɞɤɨɜ– ɤɚɧɞɢɫɬɧɚɭɤɫɬɚɪɲɢɣɧɚɭɱɧɵɣɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɈɬɞɟɥɚ
ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨɋɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɹɢɪɚɧɧɟɝɨɇɨɜɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɊȺɇ
Ⱥȼɉɟɬɪɨɜ– ɞ-ɪ ɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɌȻɁɚɣɰɟɜɚ– ɤɚɧɞɮɢɥɨɥɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬ

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɨɛɥɨɠɤɢ– ɤɚɧɞɩɟɞɧɚɭɤɞɨɰɟɧɬɈɉɋɚɜɟɥɶɟɜɚ
Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɞɥɹɨɛɥɨɠɤɢ – ɝɪɚɜɸɪɚɢɡɩɟɪɜɨɝɨɬɨɦɚȽɊ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɢɧɚ
ɋɩɛɌɋ

ISBN 978-5-9967-0641-9 © Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɨɝɨɪɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ

ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɢɦȽɂɇɨɫɨɜɚ5
 ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɊȺɁȾȿɅ,ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɢɬɟɨɪɢɹɠɚɧɪɨɜ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɮɨɪɦɵɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ

ɄɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɚȺȼ ɀɚɧɪɨɞɵɜɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯɩɨɷɬɨɜXVII – XVIII ɜɟɤɨɜ
ȺɄɚɭɥɢɍɄɨɧɝɪɢɜɗ ɘɧɝ 
ɄɨɪɨɜɢɧȼɅ Ʉɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɸ©Ɉɞɵɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɢɡɂɨɜɚªɆ ȼ Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚɛɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɫɤɢɣɚɫɩɟɤɬ 
ɉɟɬɪɨɜ Ⱥȼ ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɷɩɢɬɚɥɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ȽɊȾɟɪɠɚɜɢɧɚ1790-ɯɝɨɞɨɜ 
ɒɢɲɤɢɧɚȺȺ ɀɚɧɪɨɜɨ-ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɟɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ
ɩɢɫɟɦɇ Ɇ ɄɚɪɚɦɡɢɧɚɤɂɂȾɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɭ 

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ,I. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ

1. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɥɢɪɢɤɢ
Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚɋȼ ɄɇȻɚɬɸɲɤɨɜɢȿȺȻɨɪɚɬɵɧɫɤɢɣ
©ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢªɫɉɚɪɧɢ 
ɂɥɶɢɧɫɤɚɹɇɂ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ©Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣɏɪɢɫɬɨɫª
ɜɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɢȺ Ȼɥɨɤɚ©ȼɨɬɨɧ– ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ– ɜɰɟɩɹɯɢɪɨɡɚɯ«ª 
ȻɚɥɚɧɞɢɧɚɆȻ ©Ȼɟɡɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɶɠɢɡɧɢ
ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɣɬɟªɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɥɢɪɢɤɟɇ Ƚ Ʉɨɧɞɪɚɬɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ 

2. ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚɎɆȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɋɚɩɱɟɧɤɨɅȺɌɟɦɚ©Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɩɨɦɟɳɢɤɚª
ɜ©ɋɟɥɟɋɬɟɩɚɧɱɢɤɨɜɟ«ªɎɆȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɨɞɢɣɧɨ-ɩɨɥɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ 
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ ɈɛɪɚɡɵɞɜɭɯɌɢɯɨɧɨɜɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ
Ɏ Ɇ ȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɢɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɫɜɹɬɨɣɌɢɯɨɧɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ 
ȼɥɚɫɤɢɧȺɉ Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɜɪɨɦɚɧɚɯȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ 
ɉɨɩɨɜɢɱɌɆ ɀɚɧɪ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɜɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɏɏɜɟɤɚɢɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɎ Ɇ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ 
 ɊȺɁȾȿɅIII. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɮɨɪɦɵ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚȿȼ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɜɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 
ȺɛɪɚɦɡɨɧɌȿ Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ
ɩɨɷɡɢɹɏVIII ɜɟɤɚ 
ɁɚɣɰɟɜɚɌȻ Ʉɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ©ɅɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜɢɄɢɪɤɟɝɨɪª 
Ʉɨɧɨɧɨɜɚɇȼ Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɩɨɫɬɚɬɶɹɦ
ȼɄɥɨɩɨɬɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ – Ʌɟɪɢɧɚɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯɪɢɠɫɤɢɯɝɚɡɟɬ
©ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹªɢ©ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɜɟɱɟɪɨɦªɡɚɝɨɞ 
ɋɚɜɟɥɶɟɜɄɇȾɟɤɚɞɚɧɫɢɬɟɨɪɢɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ 

ɊȺɁȾȿɅIVɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ
ɋɥɨɛɨɞɚɧɤɚȼɥɚɞɢɜ-Ƚɥɨɜɟɪ ©ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɢɣɞɨɦª
ɤɚɤɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɜɱɟɦɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɞɥɹɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɊɨɫɫɢɢ" 
ɐɭɪɤɚɧȼȼ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɢɝɪɚªɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ȺȻɢɬɨɜɚ-70-ɯɝɝ 
ȻɟɞɪɢɤɨɜɚɆɅ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɞɭɲɚª
ɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɩɪɨɡɟɢɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɟȼɊɚɫɩɭɬɢɧɚ 
ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚɌɂ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟª
ɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɅɂȻɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ 
 CONTENTS

Part I. History and Theory of Genres:

The Dialectic of Form and Content
Kistanova A. V. Genre of Ode in 17–18th Centuries EnglishPoets’
Theoretical Reflection (A. Cowley, W. Congreve, E. Young) 
Korovin V. L. To Interpretation of “The Ode Chosen From Job”
E\M. V. Lomonosov: (Theological Aspect) 
Petrov A. V. Poetics of Derzhavin's Epithalamion Cycles
of the 1790’s 
Shishkina A. A. Genre and Style Features
of Karamzin’ Letters Addressed to I. Dmitriev 

Part II. Problems of

Literary Studies and Interpreting Literary Texts

1. Problems of Poetry¶3RHWLFV
Rudakova S. V. K. Batyushkov and E. Boratynsky:
“Dialogues” with Parni 
Illyinskaya N. I. The Concept “Russian Christ” in the Poem
“Vot on – Hristos – v tsepyah i rozah…” by A. Blok 
Balandina M. B. “Bezbrezhnost Zhizni Postigayte”:
Interpretations of Reality in N. Kondratkovskaya’s Poetry 

2. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics

Sapchenko L. A. Theme of “Russian Landowner”
in “The Village of Stepanchikovo...” by F. Dostoevsky:
Parody and Polemics 
Naohito Saisu. Two Tikhon’ Images in Dostoevsky’s Works
and Russian Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk 
Vlaskin A. P. Differentiation of Image System
in Dostoyevsky's Novels 
Popovic T. M. The Genre of Novel in the Twentieth-Century
World Literature and Dostoyevsky's Heritage 
 Part III. Literature and Other Forms
of Public Consciousness: Dialogic Problems

Petrova E. V. Philosophy of Pleasure in Ancient Literature 

Abramzon T. V. To the question
of the Russian Happiness (Eighteenth-Century Poetry) 
Zaitseva T. B. To The Question “Lermontov and Kierkegaard” 
Kononov N. V. Dialogue of Cultures
(Articles of V. Klopotovsky - Leary in Riga’s newspapers
“Today” and “Tonight” of 1927) 
Saveliev K. N. Decadence and Theory of Cyclic History 

Part IV. Contemporary Literature

in Historical and Cultural Context
Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover. Pushkin House as archeology:
is the ‘literariness’ of the Russian past dangerous for the present? 
Tsurcan V. V. The Concept “Game” in Bitov's Works of 1960-70s 
Bedrikova M. L. Concept «Soul» in Rasputin`s Late Prose
and Publicistic Works 
Vasilyeva T. I. Concept “Happiness” in L. Borodin’s Prose 
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ

ȻȻɄ ɒ5(2=Ɋ)5–4
ɍȾɄ

ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭɄɢɨɬɨəɩɨɧɢɹ

ɈȻɊȺɁɕȾȼɍɏɌɂɏɈɇɈȼ
ȼɌȼɈɊɑȿɋɌȼȿɎɆȾɈɋɌɈȿȼɋɄɈȽɈ
ɂɊɍɋɋɄɂɃɋȼəɌɈɃɌɂɏɈɇɁȺȾɈɇɋɄɂɃ

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɜɹɬɨɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ©Ȼɟɫɵª

©ɀɢɬɢɟɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚªȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɌɢɯɨɧ

ɉɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɭȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɪɨɦɚɧɟ©Ȼɟɫɵª
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɚ ©ɍ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚª ȼ ɛɟɫɟɞɟ
ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɰɚ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ
ɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ
ɧɨ ɢ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɢɞɟɣɧɨ-ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ
ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɪɰɟɦ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɰɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚ
ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɶ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɀɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ɥɢɫɬɤɢɫɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɢɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶɫɹɜɫɨɞɟɹɧɧɨɦɨɧɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ©ə ɜɨɡɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛ
ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɚɲɟ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɛɵ Ɇɵɫɥɶ ɷɬɚ – ɜɟɥɢɤɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶ,
ɢ ɩɨɥɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶ Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɨɞɜɢɝɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɜɵɡɚɦɵɫɥɢɥɢɢɞɬɢɩɨɤɚɹɧɢɟ ɧɟɦɨɠɟɬ
ɟɫɥɢɛɵɬɨɥɶɤɨªȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɨɦɧɨɸ– ɇ ɋ.> [4, 11, 24].
ȼ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɢɬɚɬɟ Ɉɧɢ ɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ
ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɫɹ
ɜ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɇɨ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ Ɍɢɯɨɧ" ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶɧɚɷɬɨɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɫɹɤɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɪɨɦɚɧɚ
ɍ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©Ȼɟɫɵª ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩ –
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɛɨɝɨɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɱɭɞɨɬɜɨɪɟɰ ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɢɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ – ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜ ©Ȼɟɫɚɯª ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɯɨɠɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ
ɜ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ©ɀɢɬɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ©ɀɢɬɢɟª ɜ – ɝɨɞɚɯ
ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɦɢ ©ɂɞɢɨɬª ɢ ©Ȼɟɫɵª ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɥɚɧɟ
ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɚɯ ɤ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦ ȼ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɛɵɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ
85
 /LEUL0DJLVWUL,

ɡɚɞɭɦɚɧ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɛɟɫɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ

ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣɫɬɚɥɨɞɧɢɦɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɨɜɫɬɚɪɰɚɁɨɫɢɦɵɜɪɨɦɚɧɟ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ
Ʉɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵª
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɚɦɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ
ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ -ɬɢ
ɬɨɦɚɯ >1, 130]. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ
ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɧɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
©ɉɨɤɚɹɧɢɟª>11] 1.
Ɍɪɭɞɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɰɚ
ɱɢɬɚɥ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɨ ɧɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɭ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɌɢɯɨɧɭɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɦɭɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɟɝɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɡɨɜɭɬɌɢɯɨɧɨɦɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɢɞɟɢ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɹɯ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ
ɜ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ 2 ɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨ ȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣɡɧɚɥɨɌɢɯɨɧɟɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɦɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ
ȼɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɉɋɒɤɭɪɢɧɨɜɚ©ɎɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɊɨɫɫɢɢ;9,,,ɜɟɤɚª
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ©Ɋɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɥɟ Ʉɨɪɨɰɤɨ ȼɚɥɞɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɟɡɞɚ
ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɛɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɶɹɱɤɚ ɍɱɢɥɫɹ
ɜ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɢɢɢɛɵɥɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɩɪɢɧɟɣɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦȼɝ
ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɦɨɧɚɲɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɫɬɚɥ ɚɪɯɢɦɚɧɞɪɢɬɨɦ ɀɟɥɬɢɤɨɜɚ
ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹɩɨɬɨɦɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɜɈɬɪɨɱɶɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶɢɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ
Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɢɢ ȼ  ɝ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɭ
ɜ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɟ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɪɹɞ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɛɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟ
©Ɉ ɫɟɞɦɢ ɫɜ ɬɚɣɧɚɯª ɢ ©ɉɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣª
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɜ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɪɚɦɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɟɣ
Ⱦɨ ɍɤɚɡɚ  ɝ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɥ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɉɬɤɪɵɥ ɜ ɭɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɪɟɤɨ–
ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɢɟɲɤɨɥɵɚɜȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɟ– ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɢɸ!ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵ
ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɜ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɛɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɹ
ɢ ɚɫɤɟɬɢɡɦɚª >12, 92–@ Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɥ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

1
ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹ ɛɪɨɲɸɪɚ ɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɟ ɩɨɤɚɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɨɫɚɦɨɦɫɜɹɬɨɦɄɬɨɦɭɠɟɷɬɚɛɪɨɲɸɪɚɛɵɥɚɢɡɞɚɧɚɜɝɨɞɭɬɨɟɫɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɡɠɟɱɟɦɜɨɡɧɢɤɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ©ɀɢɬɢɹªɢɛɵɥɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɪɨɦɚɧ©Ȼɟɫɵª
2
ȼɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ©ɀɢɬɢɢªɟɫɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɡɹɬɵɢɡɠɢɡɧɢɌɢɯɨɧɚɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɫɨɪɢɥ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɢ ɞɚɥ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɳɟɱɢɧɭ
[4, ɏ @ȼ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢɬɨɠɟɟɫɬɶɫɯɨɞɧɨɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ[6, 239].
86
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ

ɧɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ Ɋɚɞɢɳɟɜɚ ɇɚɞɟɠɞɢɧɚ ɑɚɚɞɚɟɜɚ

ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɚɇɟɫɬɟɪɨɜɚɎɥɨɪɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ>10, 169].
ȼ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɬɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɞɟɧɶɢɧɨɱɶɢɩɨɱɬɢɧɟɨɬɞɵɯɚɥɁɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɟɝɨɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɨɪɜɚɧɨ
ɢ ɨɧ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɉɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɤɢ
ɫ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɦɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɭɞɨɪɨɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɨɥɹɦɢ
Ɉɧ ɫɩɨɞɨɛɢɥɫɹ ɱɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ Ƚɥɹɞɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɟɜɲɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɱɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɹ ɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɭɤɢ
ɋɩɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɜɹɬɨɣ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɭɜɢɞɟɥ ɱɬɨ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɢɡɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɢ ɨɤɪɨɜɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣɫɯɨɞɢɬɫȽɨɥɝɨɮɵɢɢɞɟɬɤɧɟɦɭ>6, 238].
ɉɪɢɩɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɧɚɫ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɷɩɢɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ɇɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɯɧɟɞɭɝɢɛɵɥɢɩɨɯɨɠɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯ ɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɨ ɜ ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɟ >3, 900–902],
ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɛɪɚɥ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɨɦ
ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ ɋɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɟɧ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ
ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɋɜ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ
ɤ ɬɟɦ ɨ ɤɨɦ ɜ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ©ɋɜɹɬ ɧɨ ɧɟɢɫɤɭɫɟɧª ɨɛɥɚɞɚɹ
ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɣ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɧɚɯ
ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɛɨ ɫɚɦ
ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɥɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɨɪɨɝɢ>3, 900].
Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɥ ɨɬ ɭɧɵɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɫɤɢ ɋɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶ
ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɛɵɥ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵɦ
ɤ ɩɪɟɜɨɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɥ ɨɧ ɩɨɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ƚɨɪɹɱɨ ɜɡɵɜɚɥ ɨɧ ɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɤɨ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɭ Ȼɨɝɭ ɢ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɪɨɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɥɨɛɢɢ Ʉɨɝɞɚ
ɫɥɵɲɚɥ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹ ɦɢɦɨ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɨɣ ɪɚɡ ɢɡɞɟɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦ
ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɫɚɦ ɫɟɛɟ
©Ɍɚɤ Ȼɨɝɭ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ ɚ ɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɢ ɦɨɢª Ɋɚɡ ɫɢɞɟɥ ɨɧ
ɧɚ ɤɪɵɥɟɱɤɟ ɤɟɥɶɢ ɢ ɦɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɩɨɦɵɫɥɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ȼɞɪɭɝ
ɸɪɨɞɢɜɵɣ Ʉɚɦɟɧɟɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɩɨɣ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɲɟɤ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ
ɩɨɞɛɟɠɚɥɤɧɟɦɭɢɭɞɚɪɢɥɩɨɳɟɤɟɲɟɩɧɭɜɧɚɭɯɨ©ɇɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɦɶª
ɂ ɞɢɜɧɨɟɞɟɥɨɫɟɣɱɚɫɠɟɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶɤɚɤɛɟɫɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɦɢɹ
ɨɬɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ȼ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥ ɫɜɹɬɨɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧ
ɜɵɞɚɜɚɬɶɸɪɨɞɢɜɨɦɭɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɩɨɬɪɢɤɨɩɟɣɤɢ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɢɦɟɥ ɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɩɥɨɬɶɸ ɢ ɫ ɝɪɟɯɨɦ ɭɧɵɧɢɹ.
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɚ ɛɭɧɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɥɨɬɶ
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɥɚɛɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɥɵ – ɫɥɚɛɟɥ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɢ ɧɚɩɚɞɚɥɢ ɬɨɫɤɚ ɢ ɭɧɵɧɢɟ

87
 /LEUL0DJLVWUL,

ɇɨ ɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɦɵɣ Ȼɨɠɶɟɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɶɸ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɥ

ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɋɚɦɵɦ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ ɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɬɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɫɤɚ
ɢ ɭɧɵɧɢɟ ȼ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɢɧɭɬɵ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɶ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɨɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɦɪɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ
ɤɚɦɟɧɟɟɬ ɚ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ! ɋɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɛɨɪɨɥɫɹ
ɫ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɦɢɭɧɵɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ>6, 238].
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɧɵɧɢɟ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɇɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɟɥ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɢɫɚɥ
ɝɥɚɜɭ ©ɍ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚª ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ
ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɝ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɜɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɩɨɣɬɢɩɨɩɭɬɢɤɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɠɢɥ ɜ ɏ9,,, ɜɟɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɟɤɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɜɫɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɠɢɡɧɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɋɪɟɞɢɜɵɫɲɢɯ
ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜɛɵɥɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɟɜɨɥɶɧɨɞɭɦɢɟɜɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɞɟɢȼɨɥɶɬɟɪɚɢɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɨɜ-ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɫɬɨɜɂɢɡ-ɡɚɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ
ɧɢɝɢɥɢɡɦɢɚɬɟɢɡɦɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɨɝɞɚɌɢɯɨɧɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣɫɬɚɥɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɨɦ
ɜ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɟ ɬɚɦ ɤɨɳɭɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɥɭɩɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ
ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ >6; 2].
ɂ ɜɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟɌɢɯɨɧɚɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɷɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ
Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɥ ɦɢɪ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɚɫ ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɥɨɬɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɨ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɵɫɥɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɦɢɪɚ ɜɫɟ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ
ɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɵɬɚɹɫɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ɇɢɪ ɜ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ
ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɟɧ>2, 48–49].
Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ
ɝɪɟɯɨɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɋɜɹɬɨɣ
ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ȿɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶɸɤɫɥɚɛɵɦɢɡɚɛɥɭɞɲɢɦ
ɉɨɦɵɫɥɢɌɢɯɨɧɚɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨɏɪɢɫɬɨɫɹɜɢɥɫɹɜɦɢɪɤɚɤɢɞɟɚɥ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɚɹɤɨɦ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɩɭɬɶ
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɞɬɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ ɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭ
ɋɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɜ ɇɨ ɥɸɞɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɳɟɧɵ
ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɹɞɚɡɚɪɚɡɢɜɲɟɝɨɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɟɢɬɟɥɟɫɧɵɟɫɢɥɵɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɢɛɨɩɨɦɵɫɥɢ

88
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ©ɩɨɡɧɚɜɲɢ ɡɥɨ ɢ ɩɚɝɭɛɭ ɨɬ ɡɥɚ ɢ ɩɚɝɭɛɵ
ɧɟ ɭɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹªɢɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ©ɩɨɡɧɚɜɞɨɛɪɨɤɬɨɟɝɨɧɟɢɳɟɬ"ª>2, 51].
Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɚɠɧɨ
ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɪɟɯɨɜ ɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɝɪɟɯɚ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɚ
ɗɬɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɰɚ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ©ȻɟɫɵªɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɌɢɯɨɧɚɜ©Ȼɟɫɚɯªɝɪɟɯɪɚɫɤɚɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ
ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚɧɟɦɟɲɚɟɬɟɝɨɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɸɌɚɤɠɟɦɵɦɨɠɟɦɧɚɣɬɢɩɨɞɨɛɧɭɸ
ɦɵɫɥɶɜɝɥɚɜɟ©ɍɌɢɯɨɧɚªɜɪɨɦɚɧɟ©Ȼɟɫɵªɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤ
ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɫɤɚɡɚɥɨɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ 1Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ ɬɚɤ
©əɜɚɦɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɭɸɜɟɫɬɶɡɚɫɢɟɫɤɚɠɭ– ɫɭɦɢɥɟɧɢɟɦɩɪɨɦɨɥɜɢɥɌɢɯɨɧ
– ɢ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɫɚɦɢ
ɫɟɛɟ Ɉ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɬ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɹ ɯɭɥɭ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɟɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɟ
ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɬɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ
ɡɚ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɢɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɜɚɲɟɜɟɥɢɤɨɟ>4,ϲ, 28].
Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɸɢɬɨɱɬɨɩɨɪɨɤɢɜɦɢɪɟɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɵɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɞɭɦɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ Ɂɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ
ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɆɵɫɥɶɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɁɥɨɦɢɪɚɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦɞɥɹɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɜɨɦɧɨɝɨɦɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɢɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɜɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɹ
ȼ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ  ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ©Ⱦɧɟɜɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹª
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ©Ɉɥɸɛɜɢɤɧɚɪɨɞɭɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɫɧɚɪɨɞɨɦª
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ ©ə ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ – ɇ ɋ.)
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɵ ɩɪɨ ɟɝɨ ɋɟɪɝɢɟɜ, Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɟɜ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ
ɩɪɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱥ ɤɫɬɚɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɥɢ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɩɪɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ" Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ
ɧɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ" ɇɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɬɨ ɥɢ" ɉɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚ ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɤ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɜɚɲɟɦɭɭɡɧɚɥɢɛɵɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɟɜɟɳɢª>4, ɏɏ,,@
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɧɚɪɨɞɧɭɠɧɨɧɟɩɨɬɨɦɭɤɚɤɨɣɨɧɟɫɬɶɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɤɚɤɢɦɠɟɥɚɥ
ɛɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ – ɢɞɟɚɥ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ
ȼ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɧɨɦ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɦ Ɇɚɣɤɨɜɭ  ɦɚɪɬɚ  ɝ.
ɂɡ Ⱦɪɟɡɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɪɨɥɢ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦ
ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©ɀɢɬɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ

1
– Ʉɫɬɚɬɢɏɪɢɫɬɨɫɜɟɞɶɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ— ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɢɜɬɨɧɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɩɨɫɥɵɲɚɥɫɹ
ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɢɪɨɧɢɢ— ɜɟɞɶ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ©ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɢɬɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɦɚɥɵɯ
ɫɢɯª – ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ"ɉɨȿɜɚɧɝɟɥɢɸɛɨɥɶɲɟɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɬɢɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶ[4, ɏI, 28].
89
 /LEUL0DJLVWUL,

ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɚɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɢɢ Ɇɚɣɤɨɜɭ

Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɪɨɥɢ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ©ɇɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟɠɟɩɪɨɌɢɯɨɧɚəɩɢɫɚɥɨɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɟɋɬɪɚɯɨɜɭ
ɧɨ ɩɪɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɢɫɚɥ Ⱥɜɨɫɶ ɜɵɜɟɞɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɜɹɬɭɸ ɮɢɝɭɪɭ «! ɉɪɚɜɞɚ ɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɦ ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɸ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɥ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ
ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝɨɦ ɇɨ ɹ ɫɨɱɬɭ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɞɚɫɬɫɹ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ
ɩɨɞɜɢɝɨɦª>4, ɏɏ,ɏ@
ɗɬɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɬɢɩɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ©ɉɨɱɟɦ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
Ɍɢɯɨɧ-ɬɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɲ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɢɳɟɬ ɧɚɲɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚª >4, ɏɏ,ɏ @ ɗɬɢ ɫɥɚɜɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©ɂɞɢɨɬª ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ©ɨɛɪɚɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚª – ɤɧɹɡɹ Ɇɵɲɤɢɧɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɵɬɚɥɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ – ©ɀɢɬɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ
ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɨɛɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɭ– ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭɫɜɹɬɨɦɭɌɢɯɨɧɭɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɦɭ
ɉɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɝɨɞɚ -ɝɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ -ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ
ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ Ʉɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɢɡ Ⱦɪɟɡɞɟɧɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɯɫɜɨɟɝɨɧɨɜɨɝɨɪɨɦɚɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɨɧɧɚɱɚɥɩɢɫɚɬɶɢɩɥɚɧ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɹɫɟɧ ɗɬɢɦ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɨɦɚɧ ©Ȼɟɫɵª ȼ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ©ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦ ɥɢɰɨɦª ɚ ɉɟɬɪɚ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ
©ɦɪɚɱɧɵɦɢɥɢɰɚɦɢª>4, ɏɏ,ɏ 142].
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɬɨɱɬɨɪɟɱɶɜɩɢɫɶɦɟɢɞɟɬɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɪɟɯ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ Ɍɢɯɨɧ
ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ
ɢɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɫɹ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɹ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɩɪɢɬɹɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɥ ɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɜ Ɍɢɯɨɧɟ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɢɞɟɚɥ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫɬɚɪɰɚ Ɂɨɫɢɦɵ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ
Ʉɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵª
ɉɨɡɚɦɵɫɥɭȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ©ɀɢɬɢɟɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚªɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɛɵɥɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɅɌɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ©ȼɨɣɧɚ
90
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ

ɢ ɦɢɪªȼɫɟɫɜɨɢɧɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɦɵɫɥɵȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣɯɨɬɟɥɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ
ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ Ɋɨɦɚɧ ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ
ɧɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɞɟɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ©ɂɞɢɨɬɨɦª ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ
Ɇɚɣɤɨɜɭ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɪɨɦɚɧ
ɩɨɞɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ©Ⱥɬɟɢɡɦªɉɨɡɠɟɜɩɟɪɢɨɞɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ©Ȼɟɫɨɜªɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ
ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ©Ⱥɬɟɢɡɦª ɧɚ ©ɀɢɬɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª
ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ
ɤɚɤ ɟɦɭ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɧɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶ ɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ
ɪɨɦɚɧɚ©Ȼɟɫɵªɨɧɭɠɟɤɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɚɞ©ɀɢɬɢɟɦªɧɟɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹ
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ©ɀɢɬɢɟ
ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ ©Ȼɟɫɵª ©ɉɨɞɪɨɫɬɨɤª ɢ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ
Ʉɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵª ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢ
©ɀɢɬɢɹª Ʉȼ Ɇɨɱɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ ©ɀɢɬɢɟª ©Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦª
ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ >8, @ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɜ  ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɢ
ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɢɫɟɦ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɟɣɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɧɨɝɞɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɬɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɭɅɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɵ
ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶɧɚɣɬɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɦɨɬɢɜɵɢɜɩɨɡɞɧɢɯɪɨɦɚɧɚɯȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ©ɀɢɬɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ
ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ©ɇɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɷɦɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨª
ȼɅ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ, ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɜɝɨɞɭ>7@ȼɷɬɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɚɜɬɨɪ
ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹɦɧɨɝɢɯɜɚɠɧɵɯɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫ©ɀɢɬɢɟɦªɈɧ
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ
ɪɨɦɚɧɨɦ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ©ɀɢɬɢɟª ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ©ɀɢɬɢɸªɷɬɨɬɪɨɦɚɧɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɡɞɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ©Ȼɟɫɚɦɢª ©ɉɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɦª
©ȻɪɚɬɶɹɦɢɄɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵɦɢª.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɜ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɨɡɞɧɢɦɢɧɨɢɫɪɚɧɧɢɦɢɪɨɦɚɧɚɦɢȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟªɝɞɟɉɨɪɮɢɪɢɣɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɊɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɭ©əɜɚɫ
ɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɡɚɨɞɧɨɝɨɢɡɬɚɤɢɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɯɨɬɶɤɢɲɤɢɜɵɪɟɡɚɣɚɨɧɛɭɞɟɬ
ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɞɚ ɫ ɭɥɵɛɤɨɣ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ – ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɪɭ
ɢɥɶ ɛɨɝɚɧɚɣɞɟɬɇɭɢɧɚɣɞɢɬɟɢɛɭɞɟɬɟɠɢɬɶª>4, VI, 351].
ɉɨɪɮɢɪɢɣ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɠɟ ɡɧɚɹ ɱɬɨ
Ɋɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɲɢ Ɋɚɫɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ
ɢɦɟɥɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶɪɨɦɚɧɜɠɚɧɪɟɠɢɬɢɹɜɫɜɨɢɯɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ
91
 /LEUL0DJLVWUL,

ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɢɥ ©ɀɢɬɢɟª 1. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟª ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ Ȼɨɝɭ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɭɲɚ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɡɚ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɱɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ ©ɀɢɬɢɟª ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦª
ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ >8, @ ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ȼɅ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ
ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ©ɀɢɬɢɟɦª ɜ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɟ ©ɩɟɪɟɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟª Ȼɇ Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɟɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɫ ȼɅ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɢɱɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ
Ʉȼ Ɇɨɱɭɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ >5, 291–@ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ – ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ ©ɀɢɬɢɟ
ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ
ɨɞɧɚɢɡɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯɪɨɥɟɣɨɬɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶɌɢɯɨɧɭɨɛɷɬɨɦɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɢɫɶɦɨȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɆɚɣɤɨɜɭɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶɜɵɲɟ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ©ɠɢɬɢɟª ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɇɚɧɚɲɜɡɝɥɹɞɭȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ©ɠɢɬɢɟªɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɪɨɦɚɧɚɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɢɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɨɠɢɡɧɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɹɠɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɜɨɸ ɝɨɪɞɵɧɸ ɪɚɫɤɚɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤ Ȼɨɝɭ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ
ɜ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ ©ɀɢɬɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɞɵɧɢ Ɉɧ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɧɨ ɜɫɟ
ɞɨɛɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɭɦɢɪɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ
ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɪɨɥɶ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ – ɪɨɥɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɟɪɨɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɜ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦ
ɥɢɰɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɤ ɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ
ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɄɚɬɤɨɜɭɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɦɵɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɜɵɲɟ
ȼɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ©Ɉ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɨɬɰɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɛɪɚɬɶɹɯ ɑɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɧɚɢɜɧɵɟ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɝɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢɬɳɟɫɥɚɜɢɹɧɚɫɦɟɲɟɤ©Ɍɚɤɛɵɜɫɺɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɚɥɷɬɨɬɟɩɟɪɶª–
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɌɢɯɨɧª>4, Iɏ@
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɛɨɪɨɥɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɨɪɞɵɧɟɣ
ɢ ɬɳɟɫɥɚɜɢɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹ ɤ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ

1
©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɢɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟª©ɀɢɬɢɟªɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ©ɪɨɦɚɧɚɦɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹªɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɧɢɯɨɩɢɫɚɧɚɠɢɡɧɶɝɟɪɨɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɝɨɪɞɵɧɹɢɩɪɟɡɪɟɧɢɟɤɥɸɞɹɦɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɢɧɚɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɧɨɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɟɝɨɫɹɤɢɫɤɭɩɥɟɧɢɸ
ɫɜɨɟɝɨɝɪɟɯɚɢɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɸ
92
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ

ɫɦɢɪɟɧɢɸ 1 ɋɥɭɲɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɝɟɪɨɣ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª ɫɚɦ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ

ɫɬɚɬɶɫɦɢɪɟɧɧɵɦ
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ ©ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ
ɦɵɫɥɶªȼɷɬɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɝɟɪɨɣɩɪɨɛɭɟɬɠɢɬɶɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɬɚɤɤɚɤɭɱɢɥ
ɟɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ©Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶª ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɝɟɪɨɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ ɢ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɗɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ
ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭɧɨɢɦɟɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɜɫɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɦ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɭɦɟɪ ɝɟɪɨɣ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª ȿɫɥɢ
ɛɵ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɥ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɤɨɧɟɰ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɛɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɇɨ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
©ɠɢɬɢɣɧɵɣɫɸɠɟɬªɜɧɨɜɶɨɫɬɚɥɫɹɧɟɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɵɦ 2.
ȼ©ɀɢɬɢɢªɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɌɢɯɨɧɚɤɝɟɪɨɸ– ɷɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɤɭɱɟɧɢɤɭɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɌɢɯɨɧɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɤɪɨɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɵɛɪɚɧɚɚɜɬɨɪɨɦɞɥɹɧɟɝɨȼɪɨɦɚɧɟ©Ȼɟɫɵª
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɌɢɯɨɧɚɤɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɭɧɟɫɬɨɥɶɹɜɧɨɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɥɢɧɢɸ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ– ɭɱɟɧɢɤɤɚɤɜ©ɀɢɬɢɢª
Ɋɚɧɶɲɟɞɚɠɟɢɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɱɬɨɭɝɟɪɨɹɜ©ɀɢɬɢɢªɢɭɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ
ɩɨɱɬɢɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɵɈɞɧɚɤɨɦɟɠɞɭɷɬɢɦɢɝɟɪɨɹɦɢɟɫɬɶɹɜɧɚɹ
ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɟɦ ɷɬɭ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ
ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ ©ɍ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚª ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɥ
ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɶ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ©ɩɨɞɜɢɝª ɢ ©ɩɨɤɚɹɧɢɟª ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ
ɧɚ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ
ȿɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɝɟɪɨɹ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª
ɢ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ– ɷɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɤɬɨɫɤɟɍɝɟɪɨɹ©ɀɢɬɢɹªɟɫɬɶɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɨɥɹ ɢ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɱɭɠɞɚ ɬɨɫɤɚ Ɉɧ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɬ ɫɤɭɤɢ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɝɟɪɨɹ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɤɚɤ ɋɜɢɞɪɢɝɚɣɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ
©ɉɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟª ɢ ȼɟɪɫɢɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ©ɉɨɞɪɨɫɬɨɤª
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ©ɯɢɳɧɵɦɬɢɩɨɦªɗɬɢɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ
ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɫɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɢɥɭɸɬ ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ ɞɥɹ ɭɬɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬ ɫɤɭɤɢ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɫɤɚ ɢ ɭɧɵɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ

1
ȼ ɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɞɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɢ ɫɦɢɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ
ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɈɧɢɧɟɫɨɜɫɟɦɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɞɪɭɝɞɪɭɝɭ ȼɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɢɪɨɦɚɧɚ©ɂɞɢɨɬªɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
Ɇɵɲɤɢɧɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɝɨɪɞɵɣ ɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɥɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ©Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɂɞɢɨɬɚ.
ɋɚɦɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɲɟɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɇɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɟɳɟɦɟɱɬɚɚɩɨɤɚɦɟɫɬɟɳɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɫɭɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ» [4, ,ɏ@
2
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɜ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª ɢ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©Ȼɟɫɵª
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɜ ©ɀɢɬɢɢª ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ©Ɉ ɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɢ
ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɚ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɭɱɢɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟª [4, ,ɏ @
ɇɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɹɫɧɨ ɨ ɱɟɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɝɪɟɯɨɦ ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɌɢɯɨɧɭ
93
 /LEUL0DJLVWUL,

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢ ɝɟɪɨɹ ©ɀɢɬɢɹª Ɍɚɤ ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ ɩɢɲɟɬ

©ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɨɫɬɶ ©ɯɢɳɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯª ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɨɤ
ɫɚɦɨɢɫɤɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɥɨª – ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɨɛɪɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ
ɟɝɨɜɷɬɨɣɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɤɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ©ɛɪɟɦɟɧɢªɧɚɛɟɡɵɫɯɨɞɧɭɸ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭª >9, 277], – ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ©ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟª ɷɬɢɯ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ
ɪɨɦɚɧɚ
Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɜ ©Ȼɟɫɵª ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɠɢɬɢɣɧɨɦɭ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭɉɨ-ɧɚɲɟɦɭɷɬɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɨɞɢɧɢɡɩɪɢɱɢɧɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɥɨɜ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɢ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ©ɯɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚª ɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɚɜɚ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ
ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɱɬɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɥ ɨɬ ɭɧɵɧɢɹ
ɢ ɨɬ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ ɬɨɠɟ ɦɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɇɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧ
Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɥ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɝɪɟɲɧɵɦ
ɜ ɞɭɲɟȼɷɬɨɦɩɭɧɤɬɟɦɟɠɞɭɌɢɯɨɧɨɦɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɦɢɝɟɪɨɹɦɢɜɪɨɦɚɧɚɯ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɣɪɚɡɪɵɜ
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɭ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɣɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɝɟɪɨɣɛɭɞɟɬɜɨɫɤɪɟɲɟɧɢɧɚɤɨɧɟɰɫɬɚɧɟɬ
ɫɜɹɬɵɦ ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɤɭɩɢɬɶ
ɠɟɪɬɜɵɛɟɡɝɪɟɲɧɵɯɞɟɬɟɣ"
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ
Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɥ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ©Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ
Ʉɚɪɚɦɚɡɨɜɵª ȿɳɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɱɢɬɚɥ
ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɷɬɨɬɫɸɠɟɬ"ɗɬɨɬɜɨɩɪɨɫɦɵɨɛɞɭɦɚɟɦɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ Ɏ Ɇ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɩɨɞɪɟɞɇɎȻɭɞɚɧɨɜɚ– ɋɉɛɇɚɭɤɚ– ɫ
2. ȼɢɞɦɚɪɨɜɢɱ ɇ ɉ Ⱦɭɯɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ
Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ  ɇ ɉ ȼɢɞɦɚɪɨɜɢɱ //Ϫ Ʉɥɭɲɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ–ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ
 ɝɨɞɚ  ɇɚɭɱ ɪɟɞ Ɇ ȼ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɨɜɚ – Ɉɪɟɥ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
Ɉɪɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɈɈɈ ɉɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɮɢɪɦɚ©Ʉɚɪɬɭɲª– ɋ–52.
3. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ Ɏ Ɇ ɉɨɥ ɫɨɛɪ ɫɨɱ  Ɏ Ɇ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ –
ɉɟɬɪɨɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɉɟɬɪȽɍ– Ɍ,;ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ȼɟɫɵɪɨɦɚɧ
ɨɩɵɬ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ  ɬɟɤɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ– 908 ɫ

94
ɇɚɨɯɢɬɨɋɚɢɫɭ

4. ȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣɎɆɉɨɥɧ ɋɨɛɪɫɨɱ: ɜɬɎɆȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ

– Ʌ: ɇɚɭɤɚ–1990.
5. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɚɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ-ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ
 ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ Ƚ Ʉ ɓɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ȼ ɇɌɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɚ – ɋɉɛ.:
ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɢɣȾɨɦ2008. – ɫ
6. Ƚɢɩɩɢɭɫ Ⱥ ɇ ɀɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɟɩɢɫɤɨɩɚȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨɢɜɫɟɹɊɨɫɫɢɢɱɭɞɨɬɜɨɪɰɚȺɇȽɢɩɩɢɭɫ
ɀɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɞɨɫɬɨɩɚɦɹɬɧɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɡɟɦɥɢɊɭɫɫɤɨɣɏ㸫ɏɏɜɜ. /
ɋɨɫɬ&ɋȻɵɱɤɨɜ– ɆɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ
7. Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɢɱ ȼ Ʌ ɇɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɷɦɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ 
ȼ Ʌ Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜɢɱ  Ɏ Ɇ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ 
ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞȺɋȾɨɥɢɧɢɧɚ– ɉɛ– Ɍ– ɋ–207.
8. Ɇɨɱɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ Ʉ ȼ Ƚɨɝɨɥɶ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜ Ⱦɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɢɣ  ɋɨɫɬ
ɂ ɩɨɫɥɟɫɥɨɜɢɟ ȼ Ɇ Ɍɨɥɦɚɱɟɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɱ Ʉ Ⱥ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɨɣ 
Ʉ ȼ Ɇɨɱɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇɂɡɞ-ɜɨ©Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚª1995. – ɫ
9. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ Ƚ Ȼ Ɂɚɦɵɫɟɥ ©ɀɢɬɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɝɪɟɲɧɢɤɚª
ɢ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧɚɜ©ȻɟɫɚɯªȼɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢȾɨɫɬɨɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɰɚ –ɧɚɱɚɥɚ -ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ  Ƚ Ȼ ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜɚ  ɍɱɟɧ ɡɚɩ
Ɇɨɫɤɨɛɥɩɟɞɢɧ-ɬɚ– Ɇ– ɌɊɭɫɥɢɬ-ɪɚ– ȼɵɩ
– ɋ–281.
10. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɜ ɛɪɨɧɡɟ ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ Ɍɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɸ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɝɟɪɨɢȼ ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ– ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɊɭɫɫɤɚɹɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹ– ɫ
11. Ɂɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ Ɍɢɯɨɧ ɉɨɤɚɹɧɢɟ ɂɡ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɋɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɹ Ɍɢɯɨɧɚ
ȿɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ȿɥɟɰɤɨɝɨ Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɍɱɟɧɵɦ
Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɭɱɢɥɢɳɌɢɯɨɧɁɚɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ– ɋɉɛ: Ȼɥɢɫɦɟɪɚ– 8 ɫ
12. ɒɤɭɪɢɧɨɜɚ ɉ ɋ ©Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ;9,,, ɜɟɤɚ /
ɉ ɋ ɒɤɭɪɢɧɨɜɚ– Ɇȼɵɫɲɚɹɲɤɨɥɚ– ɫ

TWO TIKHON’ IMAGES IN DOSTOEVSKY’S WORKS

AND RUSSIAN SAINT TIKHON OF ZADONSK
Naohito Saisu
Abstract
The key question of this article is the nature of Tikhon’s images
in “Demons” and “The Life of a Great Sinner” by Dostoevsky.

Key words: Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk, Tikhon, “Demons”, “The Life

of a great sinner” by Dostoevsky

95