1 diapositiva

good morning, today we will talk about a disease that is very common cancer.

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer cells are also called
malignant cells.

Generally it leads to death if the patient does not receive appropriate treatment. Over 200
different types of cancer are known. The most common are: skin, lung, breast and colorectal

causes

Cancer cell originates in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when
they are damaged or when the body no longer needs.

Cancer appears to occur when the genetic material of a cell changes. This causes cells to grow out
of control. The cells divide too fast and not die in the normal way.

There are multiple risk factors for cancer such as:

• Benzene and other chemicals

• Drinking too much alcohol

• Environmental toxins,

• Genetic problems

• Obesity

• Radiation exposure

• Too much sun exposure

• Virus

Some cancers are more common in certain parts of the world. For example, in Japan, there are
many cases of stomach cancer. But in the US this type of cancer is less common. It is possible that
differences in food and environmental factors involved.
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symptoms

Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the tumor. For example, lung cancer can
cause coughing, shortness of breath or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea,
constipation and blood in the stool.

Some cancers can be completely asymptomatic. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic, symptoms
often do not occur until the disease reaches an advanced stage.

The following symptoms may occur with cancer:

Shaking chills

Fatigue

Fever

inappetence

General discomfort

cold sweats

Weight loss

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Some common tests are:

Tumor biopsy

Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor markers)

Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia)

Chest X-ray

Complete blood count (CBC)

Computed tomography

Liver function tests

Magnetic resonance
Positron emission tomography

Most cancers are diagnosed by biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, this can be a
simple procedure or a serious operation. The majority of those affected by cancer are subjected to
CT scans to determine the exact location of the tumor or tumors.

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Treatment

Treatment varies according to the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how
much it has grown and the fact whether the tumor has spread from its original location.

If the cancer is in one place and has not spread, the most common method of treatment is surgery
to cure cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers, like cancers of the lung, breast and colon.

If the tumor has spread only to local lymph nodes, sometimes these can be removed.

If all of the cancer can not be completely removed by surgery, treatment options may include
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted cancer therapies or other types of treatment. Some
cancers require a combination of treatments.

Talking about feelings with family, friends or a support group can be helpful. Work with health
care professionals throughout treatment. This help make you feel more in control.

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer often causes a lot of anxiety and can affect a person's entire
life. There are many resources for cancer patients.

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prognostic

The prognosis depends on the type of cancer and its stage at diagnosis.

Some cancers can be cured. Others are equally incurable they can be treated effectively. Some
patients may live for many years with the disease. Other tumors are quickly life-threatening.
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Prevention

You can reduce the risk of developing a cancerous (malignant):

Eating a healthy diet

Exercising regularly

Reducing alcohol consumption

Minimizing exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals

No smoking or chewing snuff

By reducing sun exposure

Screening tests for cancer, such as mammography and breast examination for breast cancer and
colonoscopy for colon cancer, can help detect these cancers in their early stages when they are
most curable.