PLAGIARISM

MARGA KOELEN
m.t.koelen@utwente.nl
© Marga Koelen
 WHAT IS PLAGIARISM

Knowingly representing the work of others as one’s own

1.Submitting past work

2.Paraphrasing without acknowledgement

3.Summarizing without acknowledgement

4.Copy and paste another person's work in your own work without acknowledgement

5.Copying someone else’s work

6.Paraphrasing someone else’s work, i.e. saying the same thing with slightly different
words and phrasing

7.Reporting someone else’s work (e.g. fieldwork) as if it were your own

8.Getting someone else to do your work for you (‘ghostwriting’)

9.Using a particularly apt term or phrase which you didn’t invent, without credit

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 JUST ONE GOLDEN RULE

Plagiarism is not allowed in scientific communication

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 GIVE CREDITS WHEN:

§ Directly quoting another person's actual words, whether oral or

written.
§ Using another person's ideas, opinions, or theories.
§ Paraphrasing the words, ideas, opinions, or theories of others,
whether oral or written.
§ Borrowing facts, statistics, or illustrative material.
§ Offering materials assembled or collected by others in the form
of projects or collections without acknowledgment.

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 THREE RULES

1 Everything you write outside of quotation marks must be the

result of your own creative effort.
2 Every idea that is not your own must be credited.
3 Every fact that you did not yourself establish must be
credited.

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 CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL SKILLS

The right skills will encourage you to analyze, evaluate and

synthesize ideas from literature to take the right decisions or to
produce qualified papers and/or lecture notes.

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 PLAGIARISM SOFTWARE

Plagiarism software can compare documents in different ways:

1.billions of internet sources;

2.work previously submitted at your organisation
3.other relevant documents: journals, reference material, etc.

All publishers use plagiarism software

https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=category&id=35

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 COPE (INTERNATIONAL) COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS

§ COPE is about publication ethics with the aim of moving the

culture of publishing towards one where ethical practices
becomes a normal part of the publishing culture.

§ Over 20 years COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) has

grown to support members worldwide from all academic fields:
editors, individuals, publishers and organizations.

§ Vietnam is not a member: (90 countries)

https://publicationethics.org/members

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 EXAMPLES FROM COPE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS

§ 2019: A single author submitted a paper to our journal. A

similarity check revealed 48% similarity with another published
paper. The published paper was by different authors—5 in total.
The similarities between the papers were in the introduction,
methods and discussion sections. The submitting author did not
reference the published article. We queried the corresponding
author but have not received a response
Ongoing case

https://publicationethics.org/case/suspected-plagiarism-1

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 EXAMPLES FROM COPE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS

§ 2019: A handling editor noticed a reviewer report where the

reviewer instructed the author to cite multiple publications by
the same reviewer in their manuscript. The handling editor
noted a similar instance involving this reviewer from the past
and requested the editorial office to look into his reviewing
history. This uncovered a concerning pattern of behaviour
where the reviewer habitually asked authors to add citations to
his work when reviewing their manuscripts, often when there
was no scientifically legitimate reason to do so.

https://publicationethics.org/case/reviewer-requesting-addition-
multiple-citations-their-own-work

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 EXAMPLES FROM COPE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS

Self-plagiarism and suspected salami publishing

§ Journal A accepted a manuscript with six authors in June 2017, which
was published in January 2018. Several months later, the editors of
journal A found that journal B had published paper B, which shared
striking similarities to paper A. Journal B accepted paper B in November
2017 and published it in February 2018. The first author of paper B was
different but the remaining four authors were from paper A.

https://publicationethics.org/case/self-plagiarism-and-suspected-salami-0

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EXAMPLES FROM COPE COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION ETHICS

Data fabrication in a rejected manuscript 2018

§ An author submitted two manuscripts to our journal and the data were
clearly fabricated, which was confirmed when we examined the original
patient data files. The lead author admitted that they had only recruited
a few patients and fabricated all of the remaining data and said that the
co-authors had done this without their knowledge. We reported this to
the institution, who conducted an an investigation. However, this
investigation exonerated the lead author from misconduct, who went on
to publish one of these manuscripts elsewhere and is still publishing
suspicious manuscripts in other journals.

https://publicationethics.org/case/data-fabrication-rejected-manuscript

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 BACKGROUND MATERIAL PLAGIARISM

Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mwbw9KF-ACY&yt:cc=on

For more information on plagiarism:

https://www.indiana.edu/~tedfrick/plagiarism/

For general examples of plagiarism

https://www.kuleuven.be/english/education/plagiarism/definition

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 SOME THOUGHTS

A sound information infrastructure and experience with critical

reading will help to become a junior researcher

It is a career-long project, so you might as well get used to it

now!

Science is based on integrity (by you) and trust (in the integrity of
others); be a good scientist

Don’t look away if you spot fraud or other misconduct

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