Day 1 notes：

1． Ethernet framing:
(1) TCP/IP (5 layers) OSI (7 layers)
(2) TCP/IP Model:
Application layer – http (80)、Telnet (23)、FTP (20、21)
Transport layer – TCP (slow but safe) UDP (fast but not safe)
Network layer – device: Router (IP Address)
Data link layer – device: Switch (MAC Address)
Physical layer – optical fiber/cable

(3) Encapsulation process:

(4) There are two types of Ethernet header: Ethernet_II & IEEE 802.3
Ethernet_II : S.MAC, D.MAC and Type are three key elements.
Type: 0x0800, just means the second header is IP; 0x0806, the second header is ARP.

(5) MAC address：48 bits

Three frame forwarding scenarios: Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast

2． IP addressing:
(1) The length of IP address: 32bits = 4 Bytes / The length of MAC address: 48bits
(2) IP Packet:

You should master the function of TTL, Protocol and Identification, Flags, Fragment
Offset.
(3) IP Address = Network part + Host part
For example: now we have IP address 192.168.1.1/24, “ /24” means the first 24 bits
belongs to network part. So we can see it below

(4) Network Address & Broadcast Address:

for example, now we have IP address 192.168.1.1/24,
Network address only care about Network part, so here it will be 192.168.1.0/24
Broadcast address care about both, all bits in host part will be 1, so here it will be
192.168.1.255.

(5) Binary &Decimal & Hexadecimal Format:

(6) Private IP address & Public IP address:

We can reuse private IP address, for example: if a host in enterprise A use 10.0.0.1/8,
another host in enterprise B can also use this IP address.
But, if the host use 11.1.1.1/8 in public network, other hosts cannot use this IP
address, because it is unique.