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    14 views15 pages

    Swyngedouw 2004 SocialPowerUrbanizationWater Guayaquil Cap3

    Uploaded by

    Fabian Avellaneda

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    \ Social Pasev and the (1) Urbanigehion of Udater © Eye Sw yagecbos 172006 edeSep tent onc A ay Gatasion ee oe Dept Ere te Chanson tan oe i Ci ae ne es ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ y » . . Scant Ula aba noes dvalty bebo Sporon nd Divs tet Comes a ety in stl Pig ‘Fone in eas aes BIIIIVIVIZIe ‘ml a rds dai ements ab Toy dil por de seteines™ | | | | osbewhen Social Power and the Urbanization of Water Flows of Power Erik Swyngedouw seer ine er AL Komogenferce Whecsiuns povkeee? OXFORD Duane ee yd tee pt sin see os ee En me rout Unt Pn eek © Hr Sapg ‘Trea so te sori bene ‘ante Oxf Une Teak st ge Ai hw ea Br Yepetetcnin tit ay goer For Eva, Nkolaas, and Arno PPPP PP EPP PPP PPP EPP PEEP Pere PeEeoeore VUVVSCEUTT OUT T TTT TISTTVEDSVVGITTGES a iting Water Crete Boer Inshore cana, and tra proces sociated with ts omeseationavebrovght aces to andeantl rman’ water quately int theres of ear pnd aneatrl ilrs- Tintonand rage Thecommadifstion of wrk intarn hor sorpotsted the cousin of water dati int the apa of rey Great Ths makers to water dependent on pesos soil pore, bth exnom. ‘lyse sein tof ender and clue (nate power chororapies aschantrize th orgntatio sod manageent wan water sens ‘verte tenth cetry AL the begins he new entry, ne a ‘embarking ons major transformation of te politi andecosomicnasepe ‘of water preston and deer, one tat rept ith ll manera es Sons andofics afew enfak on exci Guayaquil wtenzton| rocesthrough hele the pots exalogy of owt oso ci {ow prose tn fit Yo sondern the ster condtion in the Ulin ‘Aerio iy in neal anda the Andean pion Water, Power, and the Andean City: Situating Guayaquil } ifort ourin may Lata Amenity open, 5 tm pole dh ood wa sat ee 20 ‘Reanng tc site Toeteaboed to earhgoke mae and man cy ge anc ee ce olan ton, somone endnowor 8.1 Water exclusion and the Latin American city “Thee isnoagigne shone of wterin Latin America. The Amott pit into the Avante One is about 150,00 eb matsp cond and shoe host of salle ret—tbe Magia, Oraeo, San Francin, Urugmyan Usmacos rns to came Sut few cary mor | {oto water tato th oven sic outt Incas, Buenos Ais, Mexia Cian So Pal, the her larut ceria Latin America, consme found 50 Bd mneon, ssl very sll amount when compare | {Dial wale gina wir resures (Anton 199-163). Howere, Meio is istated in an extent vatersearce ra, an ete ete sth as 00 ‘to ees, Ganemala Cy Qui, a opt ror from en eure of water lieve, out, re ces and abana weer spurs ae ove proxmy, et te par of thee poplin sl ser Som lack of dean chap od eoctersent wae 4 station of Seas) ‘ernst of abyndaoe Thin pte wil xan he robes ace byt — ‘tba pat Latin Amora acesing ote wen 2d wl exe Eessrcepere cr: cr 3. Thecze and nature he problem Athough soning some ver aid ares such asthe Atacama Dee. Lato ‘nrc mi egion, Unt ee, air was eared sm abundet ‘esouree suit so Latia Ameri’ una prspition abo 2 Sinorng Goo “Tabet, Average municipal water cancun Gy Sggeningt rosa eumekoa cee = fo = se ae as the wort average andthe average ann anf of S70000a> is Kf the word ttl (isa 1271), A hace twat consume ees in Lis America cis ats 0 appa shonage of water Tle 3 sugges Sha aerage dll water cnseptenn Lata Americ i te ica le mith hat of eis inthe deeoged wo and inion ger Yan iheeinAanandsone sani, Given hat the very imum stout of wats deme neces iti bas bem estimate aS iesper agit pe day (LCD) (Worl Bak 97, and that under mot sheamstnces 40 LED ie Soe ute so ‘ert lnof renal ado ah (Kens A ST), 7 esi with te lowest omen ee ald agent te hae apt Fulsuply of wae This pression utr enrol en on caedes Stating Guru a tht ttasbenn ated (Kaen 198) ha te peel pe ‘eptichl sree dmeicconsuuontoteet ODED, — ibn quanto wae etalk beret «ble aa {ar beng andr vir bore evrpe oo cane opera, Fare Sve de onsmpon beyond 10 LCD oho he ita Toi fen oma heath or envonmental ling Te ne ‘Sfauson sa nal he aboesentne! Laie Arp te eres fnetianenogh wate to oe every mene Oe poplston w= Shetoryuterandsewergesyene wheter in 180 je 20 lion wen dre wordvide we sopra wate spy ney y th er 390 ths aor ha re thin dub #50 on foe wan anton severe ge teptey 25 on sd fon (United Nao Cent onan, Sthonens vacar yan). About lion peopl mr ow hone sar shag the moves of detente ste matt supp fr Saath and ti enor a ar moe il in dete Posed oan ethan nualcodeinnrme hecion omer set alsticand warts baie moe "Tienes egansona ai Artizans aig the pao deeder — sealteDy esl ss f tbe tek Hoe, spoT SRT s Sane meat SOUT te alo ote eset water ls (ws Cups) eed napa eaten poss ‘Sed oh euro slung agin tes twee ft yoo sae same yest ele om ny oe thse eres icing ae oped potae wat Inthe Mevopotian Aten Bono ies (1 ran hur Ata for capa the pororten of tro hut ae sotetom in Deou O47 oon nae {rman 0667 tion anda 9n DT 0 a) res 1s a eS pl a ee pen — is Latin Amur dos ote proper eae Bema aBe STEPS “BY Git vorenas non ak Sathya fp wer he on yuo ghourood). Between 1 an BR esas pol: toni La mee gw fs 284102954 son (om OOo thettlpopeltiny vie munerof iy els deed of ay ase ‘Spohr so tom 378 to 8 milo Sens Bo 2) Tale Snnari rt outer arrose sin an Ameren, “Te than of ng sepest of th ban por fom esas o water tnd neers poten, enesopomestge ein {fe orton aera fr soto ro nd Ses toon pre loo esau vue pout se hthestbbroght tenet by ‘peo eran pen In ay cs pte enor ha hold ‘oso onapte otto hs prs oy ak a {er se sanfpos wes andor ong haa oye ery Stone nlc prone anne vt of soe The enon rack FREFETECTCTLETELLCTCLCLSELSSCSeKMSCSs* ee aaaeanr VHSOSCSSCVOPSIFTSHOHSSIPSSSSTESCHSSTEGSCCIVVES s Siting Gan yt “atle32. Urban poplin with acco wate suptyandsevergein ‘Andean and sce Ltn Arce sooner) ag Sinating Gane 5s ‘Table34, Rlatlonsip teneen proportion of water cntumedand peentg of ows aoa wat prusion Perea asses a we PG = ee Rene fooeen ee ees ec gf meer a * me meg fob bg oF Rl : a we & og pF F a acme 8 E iS a a= = eo com 4 a Sanaa ga to 90 Neo OHO “Tobie. Prong of house wth inne pps tera sewerage Coneetons ltd Lan Amer bet <—nomy "Ss ana) go ound urban water sane seated bythe roles urtan water eos theezmomis pone they command by rt he ‘odinsRTonepe jhe themablanon fw eowraphealywesed vous veh eis be sul loses TRSP eoEENE oT Me HRA Sean of re 8) can essed ad ay opened) permis wotonly apd mone aceamelao, bt so gives twat spec {ons powalpostion inthe poltical economy of thei ar urbane Soanowsy.f otra darted wat datibaton weer oe 102 akGeeChane?) ann Tie ri a oC RHR ation ines fang theme soppy ston ta oo an riders sd ther consequentGopendenen on aerate Spi 9. {Sharan usw he social toon of ua wenn er wore of uo gis wha sare ote ewer ven rho who ‘Sienna ton, er apieatailree n both the {fanny and he qty of wae ta san be sce Wer pert Sve Satay evry seen ad tec omer ree {oot essa ard Ths lean fo asonion ser ese ‘spp asa te ost ew bur dy Mores commas ‘nis ow spp) a uly ound in poorer buy eter Bot Fae ee ee Pas atte te ase ‘ine ae ind yea erage rae Se ee neon Serres ca Tein sin en cc sia a eo NP EROS an mennnee hme serine peat Sect iete tcccee Sao aera wt pry pa i Sea ea pre centre cpap nest retainer seebscettcceaneotemtteatee iv She neivorksof wae pipes ar en enshasthesaase-eorearinstge = 6 Stating Gasp dat ate wal, cary indicating hatin mao of cin residents onsets bul of evalble potter. vie any hve orate doth Justa fnctonof ee In Guayaquil, % of the popstation consumes 97% of the produced pote waer whereas the ater ahs to make Uo wits he elie ppl (Suynssdou 988). ortho deperdent on anguetos average iy foun ptoncan acura beestntegi 20L.CD. tn eno ay oF the Poplin eceves of the wate, whist src een 1986 Thin Lina, 4% consume 84% ofthe mtr (spins ad Olen 1968 ‘hie in Boresnguila MP hare to surine onSea the water (Bera 19 153-4, Even in Stage one ofthe few Lata Ameri cic hich sees ove 98% a Therein i piped potable wate ther sil signee ‘Eepary the tp 1 of the populion neces 38 the wate es snd Rongues BE 6) “Ono woth sea ts estate (Chis nd De Roy 191) that 1-2 Yin people do not have aes to se and elt wats Sophy In shot ‘att provision has inereased sng Sanda To thoes who have beret bitaroond 20% ofthe hunsn poputaion his ser Fm the exchnsonsry inpatonsofmaersoply manayonentspproices and sil hes no sotto: toryaccess sin i sic nls 512 The consequence of insaficion water supplies for Latin “America sartan pave A defen water supply canefcchunaa esl ina unter of ays easing “tras tat are water-orns watenaibe, we bag, of aterelted ‘Water bore iets ae ets ues spread rough wae IPDS fens weroashed dense recased by ex of Foro eine aot lnveerate anil ant ware eas ead oss epee, ‘tr pend watered dass The 1D ave se cole spiden es ‘soning ia Per where 200, 00Dcae er reported (Anton 1995 163) "pening to oeghbourng Andean sounin including Eovador. Chole owellein Arona, sd hasspead north to Mexoandsoutht Argent “Yexhetew cites with sdouat wate sup andsewergesystens serene ie ‘aly 1000 ther ppulion, ssh Monteiden, hae been ie affees. {Gath x welhfucioniag sod compretensie wet supply and revere som sem fy at eho tnt ony haere ut Smosbinsis drthoea, typhi and haiti ‘Quite apart rom the obviews thet to Bun Hel posed by the Wek of Pipe potable water in many poore eghoercodsin Lain Americ cts ‘When. die to oveeomumption Geta die, pas- Beeson oF Insulent input pes drpein sesionsot te pipes supply consumers ‘interrupted. tit an indication of te my ia wih solo patel mere Siuatng Guayoquil ” youn ave rgd the delivery of mater resources tthe human population Tat when this cers sales ays te more peripheral, pore sh ‘ourhoodsthat rece thtmited upp Networks arettan cts ering vcr Fadiating om te oy ate or moreno that wb cy sene ‘ants present a nage of plenty, chen ew urban poor wo wre one ‘ected to the system oat wate or nly a few ours ach day. Whi ths Compounds he pevus pasion of te urban por in eli to ey he fangerf exparre oder farther ean when presen the pes emer ey ow or ten agate A she pipes ad come et fromthe soi surondingthepipescaftrbe dawn atoducngenthet soureofeonannation In Sioa isin particle pete, prorded ona tytuns fate wherecach arto they ester wate fr {ean nmber of nour and then his no wale fe another xed tenth of tine With he pipes ott drying up several ner wer, he sper ‘sonaaiaions airing acd 93S). "However protection fom It bat a fom te only vantage fod by nse to poe water Whee the piped wer etwerk dos no eis ‘gibourods he proses of tlie atercancontmelarpetmouns time roe Heat eontases may hve to Becta uly oF ‘ean people may vet gue frst nd pei uli bed at Iwoling the we In shor water can someone matr rhe than ont sve Chien cane ed tom acol a wen maybe abe eet Crvpleynent bese of he eed to saya ore to eat epiatdeei. ‘hs ‘ce mary ad mor wi a cee he nw a a acon ‘ere atc Aru 813) ‘Wien conser the aysin which dein water supp impact pon the ssn oon important to notethat thee re aro ges et \,_ Inte the feminzaton of poverty Gordan and Wagner 193 hasbocme ae ‘spp nee by oserbsninghy male domsnted wat Hippy aio ese the act tht proj, wana have Tl invelved wore, ise be | sown to bing sgnifiaat health an Weise benefis and ave ben ets eso preecagrencaatassesttars ‘Wioten ae dspoportonatl afta by wate supply elena thy snvivacblythe pinay routers and ers of wat a aes gen tbe ‘cle respon orn anagement hence patting the a apr ‘texporuetn dee Theyareabo imssasinglysoctatng ot eset Proportion of fey wage oon to a in on wating or quving fot Str Init their abilty to prowe for ter Tamas Yet ommey ecicon-mokiog and panning. prowoes. operate ealsonary. pacts Tome women: women were vole, Joan nd Wager (9) argu 1 2 reveoreree eer eee eeerereeeee PPP eeeeee: | SPIFFIFIFFIFIFIFIFIIISIIIFIIIFIISIIVIIIIG 4 8 Sino Gisegd thon projets wold be more suse aswomen es ese intrstin tie pete Moreover parcipaton might als hegiten wore ltawateniy "espe ad recon fy talued meters of the commu. Tha fy, "oper that while poor pros of water Ras avery feed ome les women nercison mh vatr rocresientasaoversly ete ater Brovson:Malesdominatdinaittons hve given eit song male ominsed probe of hich wate suply is at nen 1 be oe Ye his leary a yee approscyatbouz women ay be the proces tou di por of water water gunn mb quite fundamental othe py td economic walcing ofthe ete coer. Whore proper waar and "anton ae provide, enamels cm nese nr ares of theca limearatete fo women neh ean on feet seat ange For erampe ‘hen piped water war inedaceto Paneth pacon of gods by se ieee NCHS 31.3 Managing the suppl of water in Lain Amerie cles Demands foratern Lain Arti cies he sro i {ost 1992) ae rl ofthe spit expansion wc cee railing Populations andthe dowlopent of industry. Cla indy mem ‘porate for srovnd 25 fal water nn although rr de mately reduce eonsumpon by seeing an ens wa, suk praces fe yet ote adopt in Latin Ameria (Shiomaner 1980) Dean bas alg es frther booted By the nance ad oat of pp forthe ‘mostcenral and welthiet aahbourhoodso ses whereoriclal and rnarseatl water et common. ery fen, tye Sev of dna anno be net by supply at boeie Of any gate water sag, ‘rots of the mane overeassumption bythe coer sector ap the Change af approach iy need. ‘The capialintenivegurpntn pte Sire at yt ever reste supp otc ever nceang demand shou be de-pioiized. und std of raping ever greater smth of mature his ay weshoul ook within ties 0 Ano move water. Que mp, we eld Tem oto rmare wi eos 182. stl anit thit Latin Americ ies cold et heir ante ot by around 3% itout enfng eonomic opto geal of He Moro invesinents ig water fica essing reseed 0 Yield mote water pe dole than conventions projec. Dest th iat tow and plein Latin Amarin cis hndor eh develo at pe ‘ent Some fits nal ater vor hav smnteertnrmaitaning Ce {tu quo: Moreover the reed tong rac soutions tothe water prot iboien eemediewimportam tha He ne bezen oe song cme. ‘sulingina bs ovatds and rons A ayers mor ly to ere (eed and let fring tse pomping sation age th Pe sity bean eused bya nk, i properly nad preesonle ty pola lene on ech dotions Sciam on a cea rey vray in tga and pa linia sal best Fionn driest snd poltcT tos Hae and Kind 3), Sar te poucy of star pow Stating Guo * psig lo wume ator tanks In summary. be poblemso upping ‘nero Lam American tes wich ave developed sc the 195 hae “ery seo do with blue rey, ne have mtd aed by ck TS Te ply f wer Fost poorer iphbou hood tri hed ote se pli) ay ni ‘Sods sno ht Sa as Raa oma ‘ol ares where ner sul ystems hve o overcome sete nae res Stay sete om see ops shoe eis ate fen shor Selo storage euro thus equing expense pumping Fae ‘ile ppl te. May ee sus a lost on food pie where te _Stvaltion of water malt and ringing Ia Oo CB eke ps on merge ibe ae of Compaq, wee aca TET syaem. Un ar, te aerial condos of he hay pb occa a ae SSS Teer RT ema, SHENG WNT HTS EAT opty atest ‘tions welt our the most alent poly nent pelghooo onde Such ares may nol oly have he piel power toa ast Fople ‘ston who make deoisone which ar nett irate bu Wl ae ermone sor eter fade ad ete rine nthe wags nds of Ion and intuncng dalon mates Furthermore lors pric that mile ng highersinome groups re iy ob mich oe rl at eying bil este the fe thal poorer owthsie witout connections Fvlarhighe ils fornoapotatiewte than hey would fr Bere vlume ‘pied te and iy wath te aby piped ater, opportune Teincese nome woul aa exped ‘One fastorhinaring argent event f water spy pte Latin ra nthe 10e an 99s wa testes epta, Before 1952, although hee wasneeraplensfu suppye capa ced ule bined Tro nding agen, Wester Dano her Gane stitutions How since the eb eis eeate apparent te 98 the ups apa Sd conacuety of polaie wae for upto lion leans of Lain ‘vercan tis has died up Actos! Latin Ameri, mass frig Sere acer rng the 1970s by te sity itr govern 83 Fel of untecountable and corr egies Sig emeouraped to take out Inge ney foreign Thu, ras debe em USO bilion te USSINO billon and Meco borrowed $100 milion dept ated Inoeasin te petoleumnome: Veal every other Lata Ansan ost) Slr ohana aes velo borowed capi, Tepe of thse Jes [Stow being pdr by the urban porno way in tah cai they fered opayfor tanker wer areal! the aur previous eines | o Sitting Groot ive bowed ep godt in ster supply Same: inte ston misery Tad pan ten by Wo Bark and TF ss SSjmment pone | “hese austen poses inpee upon Ltn Ansa so mentatenoweompounsngthiesitaten noe rede deh {SEI ists upon sale eure pubic sere! Sg ier from sbdoning subsides and inphnerng. pao sere Redred expen uae entrant tele pred and tre wwe posting cosets etiaing i ecsono iscpot om pac ni suer Fuerte eens pee Sowrioad dove ca towatercomestons pice cess fae ten Pe shen of wt beyond he meso eet pos eng ew dpe ‘onthe spies wer endo oer ore ' he ay en ae i ey on lo style setety but rather one and thao worthwhile considering viva mona ater aniip tenn gh, In Latin Ameria, weer povos as watonaly been a aves lis inervenon asd pan he pl dataton of wae spb ar torent propery Mot Hee shogh te pte Ks wee ‘Sorted var provilon sine tlh pb one pmisten a ste ot eae due fo te agnenation of rexponsbty or wae us ite gui iion Agen, Bu Ce Colonia, Guttemata, Paragny, Nacags, Urvaury, and Venez 3 4, Bltors of isitutions were involed noe oak ve sponsibiity (Biswas 1979: 30. ty rae Coat Rl, Salado Panama on Para hee te aso numerous Inston lone iain Ray» eordaig fle ané tikes ultimate rexponsty, Only in fur eountia~Cubn. Eee, ondosx and sexicow wae maneret conrad na sig ste ‘the fled emp in Cehabumba Colombe aes eure and have etn portage asthe panera soNe bh te acl of pub {wpplyatems and improving these. Wiehe former obese mish be chee, tere iy ee evden ht sere provision and cowerape hat improedSicanty. ‘Aitiough eiving One fatto onl oer al responsi Fr water should etsourage wer imestnen ad rege punning Bo ears ‘ars Inattatgnain Lane Amar he een ee charac by ince, political teri ondescemie renal wae ‘luc thirefetivenens Wer compiyurdshave for ecm ten ten fortis dependent on ete water alles we the made an [iseresdenl resto the nto he ent are wre hogs the pale water authority aetwork, These das do inate the sept sneennst in ems of acess out ean nest ow te fo of [Siurcan nadie pt on themecbaniems of voso-sneomie we pl pow tht sphere past Bethel Ho gy com tee anoqal dapper: wes Satna the ater spp sem of Cag Tepumriegtaton sit she trom nec mathe terse scm oe Sri 950 hough econ with yg wat eed Sad Frost Gl svat Dura ode ian slong the ppl In 150,» Facing an rexmnt ation ns it 23pm rom Gazeta Thetoajar Rie Ts son aw hata heal nau apcty a 3 Ion mand mie pump te wate othe sy ome so Sane 3 {ont ton Idk fom Geayael Cony ad vee (ound ENG supa th mie: snd upper esol are oe ican) oe ti tne pins fe Ak nary mi a pet ‘Sov tn ea td oa omer sean slag fhe mod! f= Stns heringbne scare ut eto ones a ot a8 end py of mater The snchaoogal ste ots care GS eM i ay ies he ton ois wh ure ey prs fl op 904 Sippy ne ton whores 5 nf Spend tet iecenenet oie edndoptaleagaesag une a Teta Sie pala se conetnnr ose wt ce sp ores ‘eatgendet on pote wales (anu fr ent apps oF shee he aarp he mater he leva company arse ing sion ord long nth bn tebe tt yt {Cher To sorta esto a he ty some wage MDL. hitte otbeco stor astomste do they ier (eae). Te Torte port uv an stos cls safEhe WEE he south etor ‘Ser ae ef das uy rat Aoue ay Moree eh {Gretccny of he nse heaps fou ne tas hgh pre, ‘ove thn sete water ls hough kage ada el of sl Gent aecounting stems OF bere the eee spy inte Sta an ‘Suse precy sb rosso arson of aatrae Whe ‘mung pcpitaconumporis wl oer 00D Anon LCD athe Forplay Thr oul the ome conse thn oar depndet on wnter vendo 5 Noreen he serge podcton ad wpplycpuy ofthe exiting solr oradiy prea consumption 20 iter Compare ‘hinerstions sanded of 50 LCD, Cusgal w ome wi ies upp se Thekey wus treo, {7 6 Sioting Gres Fe.Xt Themeueph aren Gegu ie of to of aya nan so stot al ‘Fetnvumenese cae han pode oy ry Sting Geng o “Table. Geographic dstebuion of water supply idconsumption rough th fi inflata Sian “nee “ee mihytire) rays ‘onesanstarie anf the ie nent mks he exits of ative warty more apse to ingesecions of hpopuinion- bo psorandckaelions espn oa othe ult od quant of he ers provid As Ves ise out necesita pron ivn eteants hp f pore wnerent ‘isi stw oa et tea he Sein sconce the gps "evr ieentspp cose! nls aunty sesso on dving peor oracle sto ‘cocci at copee tawaunceer a tpyy eke taoees {sat i he pep of sc apy modes shee ‘heey a parton of eer ey ta . Im short the ideal of producion anager serving cer loa inte ‘sand propa ty troaonal eae and of desepment age Se ocd sd pets heating eam ef hve ed ‘igh eclusion nd ebisaes boo hae ofa ad em peeing Inbution ath resins pcblem of equi water management rol ‘hs ircied sary owes the expectations yuan eid eee ap to dese he postal real pn an ne ousiablioy Neel eg ay cn ct ero ier sigae th cet atbough say ew Weners coe ‘anton stand amount of wos re tallow ft wea herb option tee te ohne sues water fo shay td ‘eae sands ong 1 PREPS PRP PPP RERER PRE eR ERE RR PP Ee iT NN >) 0 Sting Guat 2.2.2 Urban segregation lancer, and the conto onr war wy | Talhah nds wont ufc th Stang Guyot 0 as ‘inet opp ano eR ped ey le ac ca tee refed Vievau NEE ene BR) Vcore “| are tht he ptt sacarng of wate proven He ogc

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