ite. SHORT COURSE SERIES \: _ Clockwise intermediate ve Classbook we Ne. Wg Will ForsythSHORT COURSE SERIES )- iy intermediate Classbook Will ForsythContents 01 ALLINTHEMIND ——_p.04 Phrases for starting conversations Question types {be/ object/subject/reporting) Word groups, phrases {tak toexplain that, etc) 02 CHANGING WORLD —p.08 Being imprecise (about tend to, etc) Present tenses to describe change (simple/continuous perfect) Words describing the world (geography/culturefeconorics) 03 LIFE STORY Stages for telling true stories in conversation, question tags Past simple and present perfect for talking about what's happened Describing stages of lfe (get married Jtake exams, etc), characteristics of successful people (determined! ‘ambitious, et) p.l2 04 SOMETHING TO DO How to getinformation (Vwas wondering regarding, et), active listening (OK, oh fine, et) Gerund and infinitive patterns (don't want + to/tm not keen on + -ingllet’s + infinitive, etc), making suggestions and responding Saying how you feel about doing things (! really enjoy/its a great oy to, etc) p16 05 A QUESTION OF UFESTYLE Giving indirect answers {a couple offit varies, etc) Comparative forms (adjectives adverbs) Describing health lifestyle, and routine p.20 06 CHANGE OF STATE p24 Using vague expressions for time and quantity (round about ish, etc.) Talking about ‘usualy’ in the past (past simple would fused to} Phrases for similarity and difference (different from took sitniar, etc) 07 TAKING CHANCES Saying you agree {nor do (no, that's right, etc) Expressions for linking ideas [even though because off whereas, etc) Describing activities (climbing/ smoking], emotional reactions fedi-ing adjectives) p.28 08 GETTING THROUGH? p32 Guiding the stages of a phone call (allright then anyway, etc) Talking about future arrangements {wil going to present continuous) Useful telephone phrases {hold on Who's calling?, etc.) 09 INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS Planning the future (present continuous, simple going to/ wall Expressions for responding to good and bad news am sorry! enjoy yourself, etc.) Talking about occasions (wedding! procession interview, et) p36 10 OTHER HOUSES, OTHER RULES Using sentence patterns (with when! because /otherwise/and, etc) can have to/must!be allowed to! should need to for obligation and permission Talking about rules and arguments (ban/ get upset, etc.) p40 11. TEMPER AND TEARS ‘Making simple complaints (mm afraiditd tke to, etc), dealing with unhelpful people i realize that, butieven though, etc.) Telling stories {past simple/continuous/ perfect) Saying how you fee! (anger/enthusiasm, etc.) p.44 12 SAYING NO p48 Inviting (00 you fancy I Would you lke to}, saying no politely W'¢ love to, butil"ve got something on, etc.) Using infinitives (too /enough toto keep fit, etc.) verbs + infinitive (decide hope want, etc.) Expanding your vocabulary using axes (ul, ity, y, etc)13. BRAINPOWER p52 Coping with communication problems (Sorry?, etc.) Defining relative clauses for giving further information (who that which) Using word association to remember new words 14 GIVING IMPRESSIONS _p.56 Talking about ‘things in general! (people stuff ke that, etc), lists with and/or that clauses in expressing opinions (believe/admit that, etc.) Words with dependent prepositions (married toi good at, etc) 15 JOURNEYS Controlling conversations (Now sit right that, etc.) The passive for describing what happened to you Language of joumeys (check onto/escape, etc.) p.60 16 HARD TO EXPLAIN Speculating (tt could/may be), explaining (well you seem just saying that), disagreeing (t's just that just don’t see why) Norvidentitying relative clauses for adding information and ‘comments (which! who where) Words describing belief and chance (atrandom {by accident, etc.) p64 17 WHAT WE WANT p.68 PRACTICE UNITS11020 p.84 ‘Making requests WRITING p96 (can Jif you could just, etc.) Uses of the -ing form {as adjectives/as subjects/ after verbs and prepositions) Talking about how you spend your time and what you enjoy sleeping! working at.a computer, do v. go + -ing (do the washing go sailing) EXTRA ACTIVITIES p99 TAPESCRIPT p.106 18 FUTURE NOT GUARANTEED Saying you're uncertain {not sure /hope not, etc.) Speculating about the future {might wet!) will probably, etc), if will won't, etc. Words for taking about the future (unlikely to/certain, etc.) p72 19 ALLTALK p76 Reporting information, expressing reliability understand that apparentiy, etc.) Direct speech v. reported speech! Using different tenses 3 Using reporting verbs (osk/say/explain, etc) 20 ALL CHANGE Considering possibilities (ou couldi'd be, etc), finding problems {trouble island anyway, etc.) Second conditional for unreal situations Building compound nouns news programmes health food, etc) p.80oF aoe Nel UN) + Practise starting conversations. + Look at different question forms. + Learn to record new words in sentences. Find your personal learning style Speaking Know your mind 1 Find out che name of everyone in the group. Pronounce it correctly. 1 Think of four things you'd like other people to know about you. Tell the group. 2 Change groups. Talk about people in the first group. 2 In pairs, do the Mind Quiz. Keep to the time limits. Compare your resuilts in each section, 1 t0 10. 1 Occasions Think of an occasion when you got e number of presents, €.g. your birthday. What presents did you get? Who gave them to you? 2 People store Think of ten people you've talked to in the last seven days. Improve your memory Get to know your learning style. + llten types of memory in the Quiz are useful for learning language. Try using the ones you ‘are good at. Practise the ones you {are not so good at. ‘Each Unitin the course contains 2 learning technique. Use them to learn English faster and remember itlonger. 3 Words “@% 6 Concepts $e 2 What did Neil Armstrong a What’ the iference betweeri say when he stepped onto these words: know, think, the moon? remember, forget real, learn, memoris integra 7 Spaces and places What's your favourite place like, Indoors or outdoors? Describe it b How many words can you 4 Music oe Sing, whistle, or hum” ‘a tune you know. bb What tunes go with these words? er ae ae, Se ‘esa in be es ifs tobe vey tobe just singin’ int —" he Feeling “But more, much moce ae Shan thea SEN 9 eae aes J plans ave you got? Say the SNmbere ss pai How many telephone rangements you numbers ean you remember? ™ Whose arethey? 10 Recent events . ‘What presents did your part say he/she got in Question 1 i = AoE eee a 3 Identify your strengths. 1 Wihich three types of memory did you ind easiest? 2 Does your partner agree? How similar are you? HowQuestion types 1 Look at two different types of question. ‘Questions with be ‘Are you from South America? b_ What are your plans for this evening? Object questions ¢ What sort of things do you enjoy doing? d_Did you do anything interesting at the weekend? 1 Find more examples in the Mind Quiz. 2 How do we make questions with be? 3. Make a lst of the auxilaries we can use to make object questions. 4 Why are they called ‘object’ questions? 2 In groups, find our about your teacher 1 Write as many questions ofeach type as you can, 2 Take turns to ask your questions. Don't repeat questions from other groups. 3 Look at the pattern of these questions. Subject questions @ Who wants to go out this evening? {_How many people want to come? 1. Find two more examples ofthis type in the Mind Quiz. 2. Divide them into two parts. Who wonts/to go out this evening? 3. How are they cifferent from object questions? 4 Look at these examples of reporting questions. : Against the clock! 6 Seta time limit In pairs, make complete questions. Bad 0 co you do it? 1 why /you/ decide) to learn English? Why di you decide to learn English? 2 (what your best) subject at school? 3 {you/ think) (you/better at learning now than you ‘were ten years ago? 4 (what your most successful leaming experience? 5 (how/you learn) new words? (rules/help) you learn to use a language? How? 7 Gwhat/"eam’ | mean)? 8 (what/ make) learning fun? 9 (you think) (you/ remember) things better when you're having fun? 10 (what make) people successful learners? 7 Now relax. Change partners. Ask and answer the questions, (Questions with be What's your name? ‘Are you good at learning languages? To make a question with be, we invert («—~) the subject and verb, Reporting questions g Doyou know where the restaurant is? Fh_What time do you think we should meet? 1 Find another example in the Mind Quiz, 2 Divide them into two parts. Underline the question forms. 3 Correct these reporting questions. 1. Why you think we forget things? 2 You know how we remember things? 3 You can remember what you learned in your first English lesson? 4. What methods you think most people use to remember things? s Listen to example questions a to h. 1 Undertine the stressed words. 2 Listen again and repeat. Copy the intonation, ‘Object questions What does iil study at college? (il studies) ‘economics. Did you see Sergio yesterday? No, | didn’t (see him). These questions ask about the object of a sentence (economics /Sergia).They need an auxiliary, e.g. am/are. does!did, have/has, modals con wil, et. Subject questions Who told you? Hiroshi (told me) What happens after lunch? Nothing (happens) These questions ask about the subject (Hash) ‘Nothing They don't take an auxiliary. They nearly aways begin wth vwho or what. They are in the same order as the statement (subject /verb object) Reporting questions Where do you think he went? Do you agree that we should talk in English? ‘There are two verbs in reporting questions. Only the first ‘one has a question form, e.g. Do you think/agree ...? na) 05If you want to learn a language, get a dog Then {arrived in Moscow, all my fiends and colleagues. gave dliflerent advice about the best way to Team Russian. It is easy to find a ‘teacher: Russia is fll of underpaid (or unpaid) academics sho will explain every word and tense for a dollar or Reading Get a dog 1 Match che words with their meanings. 10 someone ina comfortable way mfortable the money someone ears at work someone you know a litle 1 awkward = [B] a talk 2 acquaintance [_] b uncor 3 chat O «¢ 4 cheetul = 5 5 wages Oe happy 2. Read the article. Explain the tick talk to people is not easy. Russians are just as reserved as the British when it comes to meeting people. Like the British, they have forgotten what todo, Some shake hands, Some don't, they just say ‘dravstvuytye’ hello} ‘and most Russians will reply ‘normalno’ (ll right), which is not exactly cheerfl. And without a moment's awkwardness; he was Joking at his dog. "He brought back 24 ducks last year, That's what 1 call a good hunting dog’ And before long, we were deep in conversation about his sheckingly ow and Aelayed wages, politics, and books; and all ‘without one normalno’ or awkward handshake tommake us fel uncomfortable ‘there the conversation usually ends, [Not so with the dog owners. ‘Look at that: Andel, complete stranger, said to me two, No one, however, suggested getting 2 dog but that i what we did ‘And Rupert, as he 1s called, has Inteduced me to a large number of acquaintances. can now stand around attng to local dog owners while our animals run and ply. tmay not sound much, but itis areal achievement ina city where gerting to The indeperon 3 What does the article say about ..? 1 finding a language teacher 3. what to do and say when you meet people 2 meeting people 4 what acquaintances talk about 4 Tell a partner two ways to meet foreigners in your country. Vocabulary Word groups Vocabulary tp 1 Add these words to the correct word group. ‘When you mest anew word: ee eee Word group + Make anote oft, e.g. advice reserved chat say People > Underine the stressed sylable reply cheerful stranger ee (advice). teacher dog owner uncomfortable ‘Talking’ verbs | explain + Make @note of how to use it Feelings heard he advice ey gave me ditferentodvice) 2 ‘In. pairs, how many more words can you add in two minutes? advice = about (row to learn 3 Mark the stress on the words in ex. usin) ance 4 Complete the story with the words / endings on the left Bey techni cea ny wos tng acategeoe dy Be enttcare vrteaar enn BD 5 ste coresed ton cntch emerson up i 4 and she introduced /an American woman Fe 5 wera coland ned sone pepe helen ha $b amaper wos ral ona vernal TaNThese four phrases are very | _seful for starting conversations | Can you tll me jhere what j who/when J? | How're tings? j I hear you tv been to Span. j Whatve you been upto? | Notice that we often use incomplete sentences questions inspeech ; Remember P| uses variety of vaso staring conversations + Ty toincude aterent kinds ot | tuestons. || Practise cating of out bout | Yourparmers econ sciaes Listening Greetings 1 [Ei] Listen to five conversations. Make notes like this for each one. 1 2 3 4 5 + Where are they? + What's happening? + Formal/informal? 2 Listen again. Tick the expressions you hear. [Jexcuseme [How're things? Treo [Z] Good to see you Gu (i rithere Oltiva [Pleased to meet you 3. Which expressions are the most formal? Which are the least formal? [1] whatve you been up to? [How are your English in use Starting conversations 1 Look at these extracts from the five conversations. 1 Lookat the four questions in bold. Are they complete incomplete? 1A Can you tell me where the 4H Hi there, International Department is, please? Hello, hi. Come in. Pleased On the first floor of Block, to meet you. PC Hello, hi |. Hello there G First ofall, would you Tike a cup of tea or coffee? H Love one. Thought you'd never ask. How're things? Hear you been to Spain. for? F Just fora week E. Not long enough then, eh! 8 c D Hiya, allright? ie 7 e How long 5 J. Haven't seen you for ages What've you been up to? 2 Tick any incomplete sentences / questions, 2 Listen and copy the intonation. 3 Think of a different way of completing the ‘starting phrases’ in the box. Walk around the class. Stare different conversations. Speak out Improvise 1 In pairs, choose one of the photos. Where are they? Have they met before? 2 Make up their conversation, Don't write it down — just do it 3 Now be yourself Talk to one or two people + Say ello and ask how they are + Continue chatting, eg. ask them if they’ lke been up to. a cup of coffee/to meet later OES) O7oy CHANGING WORLD + Practise being imprecise. + Use present tenses to discuss change. + Associate new words with places, to help you remember ther Asia is ditforot, they say. But Teiwon, for example, hes © successful, modem, copitalst economy, Its now the world's third largest exporter of high-tedh goods Tike computers. It believes in doing bbosiness and making money. So how iit Giffen? One mojor diference, according to Professor Jessica Lu from the Psychology Deparment of Kaohsiung Medical Sdhool. is thot here, in the West, we heap work ond fomily Me seperote. But in Teivan there is no difference. So, for example they have the ground floor of o building os @ shop or office, ond the family ives onthe second floor ‘Also, in Teiwen, fomily businesses soy in the family. But o= fomily fms Speaking Change 1. What has changed in the last year? Write two changes for each circle. 2 In pairs, compare your answers. How do you hope that these things will change over the next cwo to ten years? Reading Picking out important points 1 Turn to p.99, Find Taiwan and Afghanistan. Describe where they are (near next to / north of -., etc.). What do you know about them? 2 Quickly read about Taiwan. 1 With a highlighter, mark what you understand. For the moment, ignore what you don’t understand, 2 Read again. Make notes about + the most surprising thing in the article + similarities between your country and Tahwan + differences between your country and Taiwan + how Taiwan is changing ‘ome from? In the words of Profesor Lu, ‘rom wives without o tte decides how many sons he will need to ron his business and then he finds a number of ‘wives tm provide them, And the wives all ve in the some hous, calling each athorsstrs, “There is only one offi wie, recognized by the low’ soys Professor Lu, ‘but the others fo fick man 3. Compare your notes in pars. dont: mind. This is stil true today ond there will be ‘0 confit when companies come into Taiven to invest. And 1 is changing, but very very slowly, ond these Toivanese businesses will survive Decause they have survived for thousands of vyeors. more mt-national 3 Look at words /expressions you didn’t understand. Explain them co each other or use a dictionary. ‘get big, they need mare people (Le. sons) te ran them. So where do all the sons 4 Choose up to ten words /expressions to learn, Make a noce of them.cnn « arcuanistan Listening rete aa Afghanistan region lam. 1 In groups, read about ‘covermenr ——=S*~*~*~*~*~*S*«SARghanistan, Guess the The Taliban Movement, since 2 missing words. See aa eae 9 Wil Yatnis anes i item about Afghanistan. + bane 3 and Complete the text. Paaaadpiky fangs « 3 Look at che words in italics. Are they verbs poe or nouns? + uth allmed people erp & 1 How is Afghanistan and as gas they were’ chonging? sing then 2 What social movement happened in Europe and North America inthe 19605? ‘CURRENT SITUATION 3 How does the USA influence your country? + The changes dont have public suppor. 4 Are there any bans in your country that you disagree with? Large numbers of people ac still watching 7 and 4 Find a form of the italic words from ex.3 in the Fact File. Which three Fog bene ind true ER ISP words can be used as either verbs or nouns? ‘been ordered to throw out their 2. § Ask and answer the four questions from ex.3 in pairs. and within 5 days. 6 Do these kinds of reports help us to understand other countries? Vocabulary Describing the world BP) [vocabutary tip 1 Look at these ‘world’ words. How do you pronounce them? |_| mentaty, put new words and Geography Peopleicutture PoliticslEconomics phrases an sland religious a democracy + Implaces ona map (see .99) the mainlana traditional ‘capitalist, + inthe place where you learned humid ‘modern socialist oe mountainous conservative to produce tahoeee i ‘open spaces hard-working to export + Inaieren paces rund your peeraeeTa a aata When you want to remember a 2 Match each word with one part of the world. Explain your match in word, remember where you putt. bain This memory technique i atleast 2000 years ala! 3. What are the nationalities and languages of these countries? | Britain Egypt Japan Poland Thailand china France Korea Portugal Turkey Czech Republic Germany Mexico Russia Denmark Greece Netherlands Spain 4 Pronounce them correctly. Use the table below. “ish vankiantican ese other Davish ——-Egyatian Japanese French These words are always These words are | Most of these stressed on the syllable before atways stressed on | words are only | the ish, an, ian, or-ican ending. _| theese ending one syllable 02 CHANGING WORLDThe present When you are talking about the present you can 1 deseribe the status quo Ailife needs water. ‘The Earth goes round once every 24 hours. 2 describe changes to the status quo. ‘a Changes happening now: The Earth is getting warmer. b Changes up to now: The Earth has got warmer inthe last 100 years. 1 Do the Quiz in pairs. Circle a, b, or € each time. THE 4 People grow crops on fll of "WER quiz * etsdlaseeniee a1% 10% ¢ 50% 5 About [il ofthe worlds ‘population Ives in cites. 210% b 40% c 20% 6 The biggest continent is (43,608,000 sq kms) a Africa b Asia €S, America 7 The world spends about billion a year on ‘defence 8525 _b $300 $800 4 The Earth goes round the day bmonth eyear 2 The moon goes round the Earth once every 5 days. a12 ba ¢35 3 There are about I independent countries in the word a7 _b200 400 1. Check your answers on 9.99 2 Inpeairs, say the answvers. Remember the sentences. 2 Answer questions 1 to 8, urs Piguet Wiite Tive (1) or Fase (F) for your country 1 Life is getting better for most people. 2 Everything jn my country is changing too fost 3 Wete forgetting our traditions. 4 Families are becoming less important. oDooos In your opinion . 5 Has your country changed for the better in the last ten yeors? 6 Hos mariage gone out of fashion? 7. Have people in the towns forgotten simple things — like where their food comes from? 8 Has life become less fun in the last ten yeors or so? 11 Which questions ask about changes happening now? 2. Which questions ask about changes up to now? 3 Look at the True /False sentences (1 to 4) again. Make them all true for your country. Lite is getting better for a few people, and worse for most people. PANN) & Against the clock! 4 Seta time limit In pairs, make sentences / questions. ‘Are these sentences True (7) or False (F) for you personally? 1 I {not change) haven't changed much since was a chile. 2 I can stop learning now because I (learn) everything I need. 3 My closest frlends are people 1 (meet) the last two years. BOG Geese es 4 Sometimes I {not know where (life take) 5 1 (stil look) for the right job or career 6 Things (usualy happen) to me-by chance. 7 1 (oot usually enjoy? change. B I (not look) {for change at the moment: Ym happy as Tam. ‘Answer these questions. 9 (you think) of changing Jobs in the near future? 20 (you stop) changing? 11. your interests be) diferent now fram two years ao? 12 (uihat improve) In your life so far? 1B (there be) Something in the future that (you tw) to achieve in life? 14 (you think) Its important for people to change? 1B (you decide) what your next change is going to be? 16 (you currently wait) for something to happen $ Now relax. Choose ten of the questions or T/F sentences. Interview someone. 6 Write an example for each tense in the chart. Translate the examples. What tense do you use in your language? Present simple | Present continous | Present perfect deseribing now | current changes | changes up tonow Now Now NowSteve uses these expressions when he doesn't want to be precise. about the population of Hong Kang is, its about six milion large number of there are a large number of islands tend to there tend to be, open spaces and then very densely populated areas up to ‘The humidity can be sometimes up to about 100%. Steve also uses these expressions. as far as ...is concerned ‘As faras the climate's concerned, In the summer, it reaches 34°, the sort of place where les the sort of place where everybody has ta be responsible for themselves financially Remember * Use present tenses to describe status quo and change. * Include the vocabulary you've studied to describe people, politics, geography, et + Try touse ‘vague’ phrases when you can'tidon't want tobe precise. English in use Being vague 1 True or false? Decide in pairs. 1 The popuiation of Hong Kong is sx ion. 2. Hong Kong consists of two istands. 3 Partof Hong Kongs onthe mainland of Chia, 4 Hong Kong is very densely populated there 5 In summer, the temperature reaches 45 degrees and turidty can be 100% 6 There are 19,000 restaurants in Hong Kong. 7 There is a social security system. 2 3 Listen again. 1 Notice the first four expressions from the Vague expressions box 2 Complete the ‘Did you know?’ text. Use each expression twice. isten to Steve, Were you right? Ba 2 There are about 200 independent 6 There —__ be an ice age every countries inthe world 100 milion years. 2H Afghans watch satelite 7 earthquakes occur in a FY chanson Tv ‘ing around the Pacific Ocean, Fa sone vasle inte cad he Rim of Fr’ Bind worihave never sen telephone. 8 cles have ___ 10% les have wo saw and 10% more cloud than Fe9 4 People in icelanc FEM jobs because lite is so expensive. the countrysiee. FEY 5 Human beings are FB 3 million years old. 4 Find expressions from the Vague expressions box which * describe a place by giving an example introduce a new topic 5 [EB] Listen, which country do you think this is? 6 al Listen and copy the intonation. 7 Use the expressions, Say three things about your country. + something you are proud of + something you dont ike very much + what you lke best Speak out Talking about your country 1. What should people know about your count to know about other countries, eg. 2 Choose a topic(s). In pairs, make notes a + what ts ike now 2 + how its changing “+ what you thin 3. Take turns to talk about your country.0) LIFE STORY + Practise telling stories and using question tags + Talk about things that have happened with past simple present perfect * Look at vocabulary for talking about life stages, ‘Vocabulary 8 Put words/phrases in a logical order. + Inthe order they always happen (birt, childhood .., etc.) + inthe order they've happened to you (went to college, met Frances... tc) “The order needn't be ‘correct — It's only to help you remember. ‘now | can earn £5,000 a day! “The stony of Waris Dirie “When I was 2 get in the deserts of Somalia my faniy was nomad, moving around with our animals We were happy and loved my mather more than anything Twas about [3 when my father caled ime at the end ofa hot o3y.Come and sit here! he sad. Tye found you a husband We have arrange that he wil ve me fhe camel That right | ran shy | was feared For almost three weal, walked through the desert. but Stages of life Speaking and vocabulary 1 Find these life stages in the photos. Which is the best? Why? + achiid + amarried couple with young children + a young adult (17 ~30) + amiddle-aged couple 2 Think about life events. In pairs, A turn to p.99, B to p.103. 3. Choose ten life events. Choose an order for them which means, something to you. Then remember your lists in pairs. Reading Nomad nothing? Think of four. 2 three pieces of luck 1 What qualities does someone need to become successful from 2 Read about Waris Dirie. In pairs, decide on: 1 the four most important events in her life 3 two examples of strength and determination 3 Tell a partner about someone you admire, finaly | got to my aunt's howe in Mogadishu ‘Aunties husband was an ambassador and in a few months | flew to Brain to work at his London house. (One day.a photographer called Michael Goss saw me in the street. He took my picture and ‘the photographs were beauriful‘Yeu should try and do modeling! he tokd me. When my aunt fand uncle retumed to Afea, | stayed in London. | found a place to stay and gota jab at McDonalds Then one day | took Michael! Goss's photographs to an agency They sent ime to a stutio and my picture appeared on the cover of the Prell calendar Soon afer that the agency got me a part in the James Bond fm The Live Days. That was seven years ago. Since then Ive done modeling al over the world and Ive appeared in magazines such as Vogue and Elle Unive even hosted the US music programme Sou Tan. Once, | was worth five camels: Now {can earn up to £5000 for one days work | have gone from the Bottom to the tp. TWThe past simple and the present perfect The story of the first woman doctor 2 [7] ezaeth Blacwel waste frst ‘woman doctor » [1] butreal she wanted to be doctor. « [1 butshequaied as 2 doctorin 1849, < ) Ater hat, he worked Europe for fa few years, and then wen acko New York ane opened ana women hesptalin 1957 | T] Hertner et when se was 17,50 sheet « [i] steciedintondonin stownenshe __schooland became teacher o supper the wast fay £ [but she fn Her flow students refused to rak to her, 4 [1] shewas bom in Bristol England 1821 and the family ive there unt she was 1, bust then they moved to New York 1 [1] Themedca schooisin New York Cy refused rotakener becuse she was a woman, gota place at medical school 1 Read about Elizabeth Blackwell. Number the sentences in order. 1 What tense are all the verbs in? Do they describe ‘finished periods or unfinished periods? 2 What ‘obs’ do the linking words / phrases in bold do? 'Nfter that’ — describes the order of events The ‘closed’ past ‘The past simple is the usval tense for talking about the past. We use it to describe events and periods which ‘nished in the past. eft schoo eary because thated it. NOW te We moved house thre times when | was young. Pe We stayed in Montreal or ve years ‘We use ito say. + that something happened, or was true Thad a dog once. + when things happened. We got married five years ago/in 1996. + what order things happened in We got married and then moved here. We use itto tell stories: walked for three weeks. Finally, | got to the city 2 Read the sentences. Who is it? e's been married twice and has five dildren. He been to college and hos 0 teadhing qualification. Hos worked as 0 primary school teacher. Hes been unemployed Hes played with a band called The Police ond hes been ‘solo artist for many years He's written a lot of best-selling songs, They\we made hima pop superstar. He's helped to raise money for ‘The Rainforest Foundation’ which works with Amazonian Indians 3 Look at sentences a to gin ex.2 again. 1. What tense are the verbs in? 2 Do the sentences tell you ..? + what he does now (schoolteacher, married, etc) + when he did these things The ‘collective’ past ‘Think of the present perfect as a kind of net in which you collect past experiences. We use the present perfect: + totalk about our collection of life-time experiences. He's had three jobs and been married twice. + to describe the present result of past events. His songs have made him a pop superstar. BUT NOT to say when events happened, OR what order they happened in, OR to tell a story about them, = Against the clock! 4 Seta time limit In pairs, choose the correct vetb forms. 1 Waris Dre's photograph wasihas been on the Piel calendar in 1988 2. Waris Drie washas been very lucky inher life 3. Wars Die worked/has worked fist as @ mose, then asan actress 4 Sting became/has been a solo artist ever since he left The Police 5 Sting wrote/has written ‘Every Breath You Take’ in half an hour one night 6 ‘The Rainforest Foundation made/has made more than £2 milion inthe period upto 5 Now relax. Make six sentences about your parents. + their childhood + work + meetingimarriage + where they've lived + thelastfewyears + their schooldays/ education They met when they were at school ‘My dad's been a teacher and an engineer. They ve lived in Madrid since 1974. Cease FyPacirtc istening Determination 1 Read the beginning of the story. What do you think it’s about? Rainforest man’s long journey to Oxford Indian goes from hunting monkeys in the jungle to studying politics at university. ‘Miguel Hilario lfc his simple village life in the ‘Amazon jungle for the academiclifeasa student at Oxlocd. 2. Listen to a radio interview with Miguel. 1 Put these phrases in the order they happened 1 tour or five days ina canoe to the closest city, Pucallpa [7] my dad trained me to survive inthe jungle ishing, hunting, canoeing 1] 1 was on the street for tivo months leftaver food from the Chinese restaurant 1 aPeruvian family gave me food in exchange for work (] ascholarship to study in Texas, then Oxford 1 worked during the day went to schoo! at night / taught mysel Spanish [some missionaries offered me a place to stay anda job 5 turther education in Lima [Ty I studied theology and linguisties 2. What kind of person do you think he is? 3 Listen again. 11 What were Miguel's answers to these questions? 11 What was your lifelike when you were growing up there? 2. So haw did you get to your first school, then, to get your education? 3. You were taken in by a Peruvian family, there, weren't you? 4 How did you live when you were in Lima? 5 And you then got a scholarship to study in Texas, didn't you? 2 Check your answers with the Tapescript on p.106 4 What do you think of Miguel and Waris Dirie, and their lives so far? 1. Compare them using these words/ phrases. Adjectives Nouns They are They've needed... They've had. determined ambitious determination good luck/bad luck similar strong_——_strength Success different successful imagination 2. What are the ive essentials for success? 5 Imagine you made a big change in your life. Where would you go and what would you do?stories are often told in the Sve stages. Its useful to ‘the kind of language used ‘exroduction to the story: erat kind of story itis iStage 2 ‘The beginning of the story: row it started Stage 3 ‘The main events in order Stage 4 ‘The endk often saying how ‘ings are now Stage 5 Fal comment about the story stion tags (weren't you?/ vt you?) are often used to up a topic. In interviews know this, Remember + Use the stages of telling a story. ~ Use simple past and present perfect correctly to describe events and experiences. = open up your questions with ‘question tags. + Use the vocabulary of life events to describe stages of your life, English in use Telling true stories in conversation 1 Match the events in Miguel’s story to stages 1 to 5 in the box. [Z]— and he went to schoo), first of allin [7] — this s heart-warming story of real 4 rinforst town, and. then #0 termination College in Lima, ad then he went Studyin the Unte States, [Z]— wien shows the remark enaths people wil goto to avoid Sting? |— ts about this young man from Peru, ‘bor inthe rainforest, but he had 2 dream that he would be educated, [Z]— ane then finally hes now ended up 435. postgraduate student at Oxford University, 2 Listen to someone telling the story. Check your answers, 3 Underline some of the expressions from the box below in Miguel’s story. Use them to quickly tell che true story of Waris Ditie, Sting, or someone else, Pinned Stage 1 This isa (unny/sad/terrible, etc.) story Stage 2. It's about imy father/someone I met st college) Stage 3. First, and, (and) then, next, after that, etc. (+ simple past) Stage 4 and so/finally/in the end (he got what he wanted) ‘and so now [he's very happy/she's become very rich) which (think is awful’ great) 4 Look back at the interviewer's questions to Miguel (Listening ex.3). Which questions did she already know the answers to? 5 Write the question tags for these questions. 1 You went to school in Rome, —__? 2 You were the second daughter, __? 3 You were an only child, __? 4 And then you went to university, _? 5 You started playing volleyball when you were 16, __? 6 Listen and check. Then repeat. Copy the intonation, Speak out Your life story 1 Make a diagram like this of your life so far. childhood 0-5 University 18-21 a 1 Divide it nto four or five stages, Add approximate ages. 2 Add notes about the most important events, eg, university — met Sylvia. 2. In pairs, swap diagrams and interview each other. Eman BIRTH ime bahe SOMETHING TO DO Speaking ~ mateegeeesnemstonsed | A good time * ook at uses ofthe gerund ing) and | 4 Can you remember «wo recent occasions which you really enjoyed? + Talk about things you enjoy; make | 2 Look at the photos, Describe whar's happening suggestions and respond, | Reading 15 oe peleriey Things to do weeken ie WEEE 1 In groups, think of chings to do in a free weekend Neatweckenaeriat | * wihiiends + by yourself | somethin smething diferent? Here are some snooektiine es per Gaaeeen 2 Read the article, Write the numbers of the activities in each column, 4 Go skiing Get some fiends together Things ve done [Things dike todo [Things | wouldn't like to do and ind a dry ski stope near you. 2 Kick a football around All you ‘eed is some space anda few frends. 3 Second-hand shops You might leven find something valuable. Or try and sell some of your own olé stuf! 4 Cant afford the Caribbean? — § Be a tourist Go on a guided tour of 12 Have a plenic And fit rains justhave 3 Has the article given you any other ideas? Make more suggestions in groups. Vore for the two best. Then give yourself a mini beach your nearest city. Youll be surprised“ itonthe foorat home! holiday in te garden, Get yourseli ow much younnever noticed before! 45 Gee away I{youlvein the city, rent a along cold crnk and spend the day @ Make a splash Go down to the country cottage with some friends for witha bestseler from yourfavourte swimming pool and jump ofthe diving the weekend, or go camping author. Heaven board 1 Learn something new ics nevert00 5 Gowindew shopping ksfree! 4 Go fying Manycompaniesthesedaus late to take up anew interest: Flamenco G lary entertaining Ask your cantakeyouvpinatwoseaterplaneor dancing, African drumming, iteracure, ffends round for dinner. Ask each _hotairballoon, or lier. And most offeror car mechanics. fone to bring a diferent course, so animtroductorylesson athalfprice. 455 Relax. Rent a few of your favourke ‘there's ess work for you! 11 Discover history Wherever you lve, fms on video. Make ft into a real 7 Surprise an old friend Telephone "your focal tourist offce wil give you __cnerna event: buy some popcom, tum someone You haven't spoken to for deals ofa case, Stone Age camp, or ‘the lights down low, and invite some ‘ages and have a good long chat ancient monument near you. fiends round. oListening A full life —— 1 Magnus Collins is a musician and he’s blind. 1 Which ofthe activities on the left do you think he probably enjoys? ‘Ballooning 2 [EE] Usten. Tick the ones he mentions the guitar 2. Listen again. What else does he say about ..? ee the car * wy he enjoys these things *+ how atten he does them fof diving boards Compate in pairs. Then check with the Tapeseript on p.106. 3. Which of Magnus's leisure activities do you think would be difficult for a blind person? Why? What sort of person do you think he is? Vocabulary Having fun 1 Tick the things in the circle you enjoy regularly. 2 Tick the sentences you agree with THINGS 1D0 THINGS I DONT DO [J Stoceasionalty ike oso [] 9 tdont really like [-) Jove jumping off the diving boardin the [-] toa classical concert. the Beatles ing pock 7 igorothepubwhenever [] 10 tmnot verykeen [] se museums these daus are great. [] _ | get @ chance, on sport. ete way che EF] Bike 1 90 camping [J 11 te quite/reatty ike] Seatles are still one of my favourite [] Whenever! get the time. ated eo 3 Use the phrases in bold. In pairs, how many interests do you share? {realy enjoy playing the guitar. 4 What do you think of these six suggestions? In pairs, rake turns to read out the suggestions. Reply from the Yes/No box below. ‘What about going 3 1.— There's 9 dys slope near here. 4 — We could always go away -m to the pub: Why don't we go skiing? somewhere for the weekend. 2 — Let's go into London for the day What about just going out for a meal together? 3 — I think we should hire a car and 0 into the country. 6 — How about cooking something ourselves, together? That's a nice idea. Its a nice idea, but .. (I can’t drive). That's a great idea, Oh, i’ too .. far complicated / expensive). Yeah. Let's do that. ‘Mmm, | don’t realy like... (Kling). I don’t really feel it. 5 What can you do where you are now? Agree on what to do together. CS Sn Nan| 18 Infinitive and gerund 1 What are infinitives and gerunds? Match the items. A 8 1 lean a to drive. 2 ‘really enjoy b drive 3 Ve lke driving Translate sentences 1, 2, and 3. Do you use all three forms in your language? Infnitives and gerunds are ways of using verbs. ‘We usually use a verb to describe that an activity or event happens Live in Barcelona We play tennis every weekend, Pleter drives to work. But sometimes we want to make @ comment about the activity event so we use the infinitive or gerund _Ldon’tike living in Barcelona, {id like to play tennis more often. can't deve. 3 Complete these phrases. 4 Look again at groups A to G. Match them to the descriptions below. [1 prepositions about /an ..) 4 genmal TD some verbs of feting tke love enjoy hate [1] the stove note when you mean ‘I sometimes do i. often ike to have aswim) [wou + fe ove hate [D tets.... why don't we..27 Why not .? 5] modal verbs: can could wil would may!might, etc. “to + infinitive A sok) aking 2 go|shoo) E 4 3 goth) a otc ‘i: Against the clock! B 5 Yourighteven find) somethin Fah ee Te a 5 Seta time limit @? iting copa et ES ee Finish he sentences with vec nee inte ina tworseater plane, oF gerun 7 Your local tourist office wil give) 1 im not interested in you details 2 wouldnt ike 8 think we should tire) acar 3 don’t want to go 4 hate. © 9 really enoy dance) © (occaacayies 10 love ump) off the giving board. f tminoe realy Vary ean on 11 occasionally ke (got toa classical 7 shouldn't concert. 8 Lets 12 Ike (go) camping whenever! getthe 9 Thisevening, wy don't we 10 This weekend, think. E13 rd quite ke (go) upinahbarbal0on. gow eax, Compare witha partner. 14 Vd really hate (go) _______ rock climbing. F 15. Why don't we (go) ___ skiing? ean an ree foe, ren you are trying to learn grammar rules, collect an 16 Let's igo) __ into London forthe day. learn phrases which contain the grammar G17. What about (go) ‘out for ameal + Make @ note of phrases which say things you want to say. together? + Wit them in groups according to ther grammar. f 18 mnot keen on (cook) ___ for other you can remember which group they are In, you wl people, remember the grammar rule.seenhee Ue wt ng? = Sering erecta ciate Tpecehuiore foeusier? ete Bei fata ining odie? = oe nye ~ Tet a Tesamnend mgerseea ons like OK/Oh, fine, etc, phrases help conversations =i. They mean ‘Im listening/ erstand’ ‘ese the vocabulary for leisure scutes you've practised _semember to use infinitive and ‘gerund forms correctly. “Sy 20 use expressions for getting ‘eormation ‘Practise including phrases to say ‘o> fistening and | understand. English in use Getting information 4 Gilly is phoning the tourist office in Boston. Look at her notes. Make questions. What's the weather ike in late August? 2. [BJ Listen to her conversation. 1 What four things does she ask about? 2 Listen again. What information does the clerk give her? 3 What would you doin Boston? 3 [EB] Listen to Gilly again. 1 Complete these phrases. 1 Im thinking of coming over to 2. Iwas wondering if you could give me some general information about 3 Iwas wondering if you could tell me. 4 with regard to swimming, do you 5 Regarding hotels, should | 2 Listen again and repeat. Copy the intonation 3 Test each other in pairs. Give your partner the frst word. Ifthey cart remember the whole phrase, give them the second word and so on, 4 inpairs, practise with your own endings. 1m thinking of coming over to Tours next 4 Look at Tapescript [EZ] (p.106). 1 Complete the lst of expressions in the Active listening box. 2. What words and phrases (and noises!) do you use in your language? 5 Roleplay conversations between a tourist and a clerk. CLERK Decide where you want to give information about, e.g. your own city area, or somewhere you have been. ‘TOURIST Decide what questions you are going to ask. Make notes ike Gill's. Speak out Travel agents 1 In groups, choose a holiday destination. Plan a ad Use these ideas. evening activities tie y weather ly families, etc.) Oca iON plac cof) St special events (e.g; barbecues) sports activi S| 2 Find a partner from another group. 1 Tellyour partner the locaton of your holiday. 2 Find out as much as you can about your partner's holiday. Would you like to ‘go there? zi+ Learn how to give indirect answers to questions. * Practise using comparatives of, adjectives and adverbs, * Look at vocabulary for describing daily routines, ifestye, and health Are teenagers lazy? “Teenagers who don't get upinthe moeing are beighter and mare suecessfl A study of students" slep by researchers in the USA found that teenages who getup carly ate tented and cant concenratein css “Young children love wo get pearly but teenagers have diferent. iological clack says De Mary Karson of Brown Univesity. Rhode Island. Her research showed that tecnagers naturally go to sleep and wake up ltr than nema ~ fe 00 bilgieal reasons. Now many American schools have changed the start of thee morning asses fiom 730% 830 or even 9.00 (One teacher sai, ‘When schoo began 38125, bal ofthe students were almost asleep fr theft hour. ince we changed 1% 850, the kids are more active and they steaming more Daly Mat Speaking Lifestyle 1 In one minute, tick things from the circle that are important in your life. 2, What's missing? Add one or two words that describe your lifestyle. religion \\aneuage ooring wore % 3 In pairs, ask questions about your partner's choices. What do you mean by tun’? Why is ‘work’ important to you? Reading The biological clock 1 When do you do the things on this ‘time line’? Write the times Compare in groups. sleep hours! work/school {roe time goto bed get up Irish work/schoot goto bed. 2 True (7) or false (X)? Complete the ‘You’ column. Opinions Young children like getting up early. ‘Teenagers have trouble getting up in the morning. Teenagers don't function wel they get up early. School should start later for teenagers. 3 Read the article, 11 What opinions does it give? Complete the chart in &x.2 above for ‘The article’ 2. What reason do the researchers give for their ideas? 3 Underline five new words or phrases in the article to remember. Then cover the article. Use the words and phrases Lo explain your own opinion.Sebulary tp “peaks spidergrams. sse phrases so that you remember 2 word AND haw to use It Put words together with similar or epposite meanings. if they have an order, put them in order. when you've made a spidergram, fut it away and try to write it again d coffee and tea 2 health check can't wake up more exercise to sleep Listening Vox pop* * Alot of orinary people's comments recorded ina is 1 What advice have you heard about these things? 1 What time should people go to bed? 2 What's the best amount of sleep to have? 3 What causes insornnia? 4 Wht should you do if you cant sleep? 2. Listen to people answering the four questions, 1. ow many answers can you hear? 2. Inpairs, how many answers can you remember? Listen again and check 3 Listen again and complete. 1 Aneariynight is better foryou. 7 The best amount of sleep to have I. 2 Ws better to sleep 8 | think you function better an 3 Just sleep when, rather than 4 {would lke to have about 9 The more you sleep, the more 5... would be nice, 10 Ican't go to sleep ifm 6 They say, for old people, i's about ...11 I get up and 4 Complete the phrases with your own opinions. Do you all agree? Vocabulary Routines and health 1-4 Against the clock! In groups, make a list like this of everyday activities. The first group to reach 20 shouts ‘Stop!’. Read out the list. Morning ‘Afternoon Evening /night wake up have a cup of tea/coffee 2. Group the phrases from the box in a spidergtam like this. Tm... active lazy fit physical feelings and states 1 fee!...worried emotions — LIFESTYLE & HEALTH —- adverbs probiems advice can’t go tosleep | hhave a cup of hot milk Jean't concentrate | {90 t0 bed earlier 3 Close your book. How many phrases can you remember? 4 Doa Health Questionnaire. In pairs, turn to p.99.Comparatives of adjectives and adverbs 1 In pairs, compare yourselves. 1 Which of you's .? taller/shorter” older/younger ftterlless fit darker fairer 2. And which of youis .. ? active careful about food ihe serious interested in health 3. Whats the difference between the adjectives in 1 and the adjectives in 2 above? 2 Think of some more differences between you. 1 Putthe adjectives inthe correct column below. ‘Comparative adjectives oer more. tall short ft old active careful young. dark fair serious interested 2 Tell another partner about the differences you have discussed. Juon is toler than me, 3. Compare the lives of people today / 150 years ago. 1 Tick the sentences that you think are true ‘Adj/Ady a Lifes harder these days. b People work harder these days. ‘© Most people liv longer then than they do now. d. Most people are healthier than they were then. oO} oO apo fost people had better food then, but ess oft These days, everyone resto | C] do better all the tine 2 Change the false sentences to make them true. 3 Which sentences have adjactives and which have adverbs? Write Adj or Adv. Comparative adverbs Many comparatives can be used with verbs or with nouns, ie, the adjective and adverb form is the same. +verb can work better in the evenings. oun My concentration is better in the evenings. The most common are: ee better hard harder sooner bad wor Other adverts take more or less: easily carefully cheerfully moreless.] csiciently strongly | can work more easily n the evenings. BUT My work is easier ths tern Mi: Against the clock! 4 Seta time limit Complete these sentences. 1 Everything is (fast) faster and (efficient these days. 2 Wedo everything (fast) these days. 3. People were happyl accepted things (easy) and (ecient) then because they 4 People enjoyed life (a lot) inthose days 5 People had (bad) housing, (bad) medicine, and (litle) _____ fun a hundred years ago. 6 Things are getting (good) all the time, but people think they're getting (bad) ____! 7 Inthe past, people started work (early) and finished (late) than we do. 8 These days, we can travel (far) and (quick) 5 Now relax. Think of three more differences, Use a comparative in each one. 6 Who do you think live longer - tall people or short people? 1 In pairs, A tum to p.100, B to p.103. Read your article. Remember what t says. Don’t make notes! 2 Compare what you have read. What isthe truth, do you thik? 3 What changes can we make to our lifestyles to lve longer? List your suggestions, Then compare your ideas with the cass.Sis ‘often, we want to say that ing is only partly true, ‘exactly true, or possibly ‘oF approximate. We use: ‘ow useful phrases aly nat exactly/sort of setonation and noises ener! wel, etc. ‘2 some of the vocabulary ses've looked a for talking about ‘estyle and heath ‘ry to use comparative forms coredty, ectise giving indirect answers. English in use Being indirect 1 Add three more things in each column. Compare in pairs Things Ishould do more ___| Things I should do lessil shouldn't do_ exercise eat fruit and vegetables | eat chocolate smoke read watch TV/videos 2. Listen to Will having a health check. Complete the chart. How much? ‘OK / not OK? Do you believe him? smoking inking 3. Complete these extracts from the conversation. Nurse_Are you a smoker? SESE Will 1Notreoly.no, um, 1 do occasonaly smoke a cigar eee suppose and it 2___ comes to 2__ one a month, gyros Nurse Are you tempted to smoke more, Will” Um, ‘occasionally 7 me “probably Nurse_ Do you drink any alcohol on 2 reqular basis? wilt ‘an awful lot. Um. At the moment Im _conafobably having 2 drink every day. Nurse Just one? - will 7 f wine 4 Listen again and check. Translate phrases 1 t0 7. 5 Listen and repeat the phrases. Copy the intonation, 6 Practise being indirect. 1 Make questions. Complete the answers so they are true for you 1 ..? Notreally, 4 oe? Tharies aot 2 ..? It probably comes to about 5 .4.? mprobably having... 3? Occasionally, | suppose 6. Acouple of 2 Inpairs, ask about alcohol, smoking, and diet. Answer with indirect expressions, Speak out oll OY a he healthy Make a VOX POP to din 1 In groups, make a vox pop on one of these topics. 1. Choose a topic. Think of three questions to ask about it, e.g. + What do you do to... stay healthy / get on with peoplel? + Whrat’s the best way to... (have fun / relax? + What advice would you give about... being healthy having fun)? 2 Interview three or four people each. Note their answers. Collec siilar answers together. 2. Perform your vox pop, Read out the answers your group collected06 CHANGE OF STATE Speaking ~ pactawagucemresonsetine | Someone similar + Talk about things you used to do, + Learn vocabulary fr taking about Sartor and cierences Who, in your family, is most similar to you and who is most different from you? Tell your partner. Think about the kind of. people you like things you talk about Vocabulary Similarities and differences 1 Complete the sentences to describe people in photos A to D. =(no word) as between from in that to too. very 1 He's completely different from her. 2 They're quite similar __ each other in age. 3 think she's __ young for him. She'll get bored with him, 4 They've gotalot, ‘common. 5 I think they're quite a good couple: they look ___ similar 6 The single wornan looks quite like the older man — except she's a woman of course! 7. There are so many cifferences them: they'l split up before long! 8 She looks abouthe same ght him 2 Write chese words under the correct sound. Listen and check. bored young gute Yaw [a [ws fauple —pemuesn comaleely Sse [ny [door | op before other shorter bored 3 Look at the /a/ sound (schwa) in these words. ‘common =/koman/ . different = (difrant/ 1 Is /a/ stressed or unstressed? i 2 [EB] which words from ex.2 have a schwa? Listen and check. 4 Compare the couples in the photos. 11 Which couple is most similar and whichis most different? In what ways? 2 Isitbetter for couples to be similar or different?Reading Marrying and living abroad 1 Match the phrases. 1 theyreaneldedy [2] a naw 2 ike my mother [)_b mariage: she's French, he's Indian. 3 ShshshiDon'tdisturb =F] ever go out Marrying someone from a 4 We hardly Oo country. foreign county seldom easy, 5 WelNeinanapartment FE] couple Annie Youngman reports 6 Theyhaveamixed =F] block 7 Visit a foreign [i & theneighbours A world apart, 2 Which event is the most difficult? Why? together v7 + ifyou retire + ifmew neighbours move in next door “esatrcuther. find am vingin + ifyournove toa foreign country + if you marry someone of a diferent the 19405, not 905. ts too auiet, Rot a raity like Singapore” Eunice Jackson, 37, moved from 3. i: Against the clock! In pairs, read the beginning of this article and Singapore to England 18 months ago decide tn tevessinilese ‘vith her husband, John. They have been married forfour years. 11 Which photos on p.24 look lke Eunice and Ann? -— a 2 What have they got in common? Faathes family comme $9) a. Hawes {ow many differences can you find between them? absolutely not allowed to ask when 3 How many dif bpesemhaetin they were lnaving” 4. What do you think the rest of the article will be about? Pit, 57, moved to Lamaka with Mee ion ebend: Deal’ trey 4 Read mote about Eunice and Ana. In pairs, A curn co p.100, B to p.103. were together for 24 years but have ruewntty silt J 5 Compare the two women, 11 What other similarities and differences do they have? 2. How would you feelin their positions? a 3 How would you feel about marrying someone from a cifferent culture? * Talking about ‘usually’ in the past 1 Which sentences describe a one event, b more ne than one event, ¢a period, ? not cleat? stie pret share can descr 1 asingle event | met my husband in Singepore. 2 more than one event we arely went out 3 period We lived there fortwo yeas. | Iti usually obvious which you mean, but sometimes you need to use an expression of frequency 4 Sey Sieeeliebehe barra \What did you don England? [a] o o Oo 5 When was in Srgland, | o ‘We went shopping in London, 0 Ll oO 3 We moved to England '2 monks ago | e a What, once?” at iis a | No, we went every Saturday morning 3 Think of a long holiday you've had. 1. Remember some things that you did 8 loved chocelate of @ clic + once * the tmes ormore Se ae * ery day + often 2. Read the Past simple box. Check your answers, 2 Inpairs, sk questions about your holidays:4 Read Gemma’s memories of when she was a child, “14 getup frst and woke up Sam, my brother. Weld hove to Keep quiet becouse our Dad wold he asieep ct that time and we were frightened of him. We'd got dessed end go ‘outside and pos, and then when it wos te, wed wok to school Dad worked rights o the evenings were wonderfl. Mur and Sam and I would heve dinner in front ofthe fre ond then wet play and tolk until bedtime. Mum would tll us stories ond she'd stay with us until we fll asleep" 1. What word is ? Write the full form. 2 Describe the beginning and end of your day when you were a child would We use would to describe frequent routines and actions in a previous period of lfe/thmes gone by. itis usualy used with actions: get up, wake up, get cessed, etc get up frstand wake Sam ikcan be used with states tbe asleep, be tired, know, Understand) F they are pat ofa routine. Dad would be asleep at hat tie. 5 Look at these statements. 1 Which are tue for you? As @chld . 1 lused tobe shyer then tam now 2 ere use 0 eat much 5 used to nave much longer hal, 4 used to hate going to bed 5 dt use to Bke school very much, 2 [id tistenand repeat 3 Make fve questions to ask your partner Bid you use co be shyer tr you oe nov? used to We use used to to say that something was normal in a previous period of Iif/times gone by. + actions {didn’t use to eat much. + states | used to have longer hair, + situations We used to lve ina fat fout now we live in a house), In questions and negatives itis pronounced the same, but spelt use: I didn't use to eat much. Did you use to be shyer? Remember, the to Is pronounced with a schwa /ju:stal 6 Think of an example of any of these things that you particularly remember. Add any that are missing. Tell a partner about them. games you used to play food Saturday or Sunday momings going to school things you'd do with friends grandparents things you were afraid of things that adults used to say Listening Friday nights 1950 to 1990 1 Look at the photos of going out on Friday night. What differences are there between the 90s and the S0s? Think aboue + the kind of people + dothes + wat people disido + the atmosphere + music 2 Tick things which are true for young people in your country. Most people go to clubs to listen to the musi (ZA latot young people goto the cinema, Z] People go out tobe with friends and tak Fl the big atwaction is the opposite sex. Boys go to pickup gis and gis pie up boys. People spend most ofthe time on the dancefloor just dancing. [5] the points to enjoy a lot of different experiences; not to gojustto one club, buta couple LJ People go forthe atmosphere on the streets: the music, the colours (5 Clothes are very important. People's outfits are like a kindof uniform 26 CANSeight nine o'clock by ish afew ‘couple ‘most of the time usually ry tip memory is biological and more sonal than logical. Use it to help, semember experiences, ‘collect words and phrases which -sescribe a powerful atmosphere ‘or 2 experience that was ‘eortant to you. ‘>: them into an order which “sans something to you. ‘e5= vocabulary for talking about ‘searities and differences. ‘ese would and used to to describe ‘pest experiences. secude at least four vague “excressions for time and quantity 3 Listen to a radio programme about Friday nights in Birmingham. 1 Which bits are about the ’90s and which bits are about the ’50s? Tell your pariner each time it changes, 2 Listen again. Which topic don’t they talk about? + music + the Friday nightroutine + the atmosphere + clothes + food + picking up a partner 3 Check with the Tapescriptp. 107). Find one thing they say about each topic. 4 Which would you prefer, Friday nights in the 1950s or the 1990s? English in use Vague expressions of time and quantity ZS] Listen and complete these phrases from fj 1 You'd go out about five o'clock. 2 and then fiverthirty six , the road would fll up with people. 3 Youd gethome midnight, 4 The evening starts about otclock, 5 we Just spend fon the dance floor. 6 The whole point of going out... isto enjoy different experiences 7 You goto of clubs, and maybe different bars. 8 lusedto ‘wear circular skits. 2 (BB) Listen and repeat. Copy the intonation. 3 What about you? Ask in pairs. How different are you? 1 About what time do you usually go out on a Friday or Saturday night? 2 What do you normally do round about eight-thirty nine-sh on a weekday? \When you go out for the evening, what do you spend most of the time doing? Do you normally get home by midnight? What sot of clothes do you mainly wear when you go out? ‘When you go out, how many places do you normally go ta? 4 Which topic gives you the strongest emotional memories? + differences: between couples foreigners countries + childhood experiences + aight out in the city 1 Lstall the nev words or phrases from this Unit about that topic. 2. Putthem in the order you would use to describe your experience. 3. Describe the experience vividly to your partner. How have you changed as you've grown up? Speak out How have people's li estylés Making a radio programme “1o'se0 9 tome ie! work /leigure? In groups, plan a radio programme about differences between the past and now. 1 Choose ome question to ask everyone in the class 2 Ask your question round in the class. Note the answers. 3 Return to your group. Put the answers into a logical order. 4 Prepare an introduction and 2 conclusion. Perform your programme. What's the best change that has ever happened to you?oy, TAKING CHANCES + Practise expressions for agreeing with someone, + Focus on linking ideas to explain “why + Extend your vocabulary for descrioing activities and feelings. 1 Speaking Dangerous activities 1 Which of these activities have you done/ would you like to do? deiving motorracing playing rugby smoking fishing mountain climbing scuba-diving hanggliding parachuting skiing iskisin’ 2. What is your current number one favourice activity? Why? Reading Finding information 1 Look at these words. Find 1 four health issues injuries badminton cancer 2 two things in the home 3 one sport toothpaste curtains heart disease car accident 2. Against the clock! Write as many activities as you can in each group in one minute. Which of the groups do you think is riskiest? [ADVENTURE SPORTS: ‘ORDINARY SPORTS EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES 3 Read the article, What do you find most surprising? ‘Whatarethe nskiestsports you can da? Well, if you thought of ‘dangerous sports’ tke hhang-gliding, parachuting, or scuba-dving, ‘youl be wrong, because they're not, n fact, that dangerous. ‘According to recent statistics, the sport that ‘causes most injuries is ruabu, and football is fa close second. Despite the popularty of ‘these games, and although we teach schoo! iikéren to play them, they injure more people per 1,000 than moterracing, sking, ‘orscubadiving. Of course, people do get hurt in ‘adventure sports’ and the most dangerous is climbing, which kis eight people 2 year. But itis not always obvious which activities are dangerous. For instance, two people dle ‘every year in hang-glding accidents, but the same number are Killed by badminton, whereas six people a year die in fshing ‘accidents! So excling' it always the same as dangerous. ‘Thisis even more rue when you consider the activities of everyday life. Many more people die due to accidents In the home than from sports of any kind. Did you know that 160 people per year are killed by toothpaste and 3,500 are klled by curtains (although how this happens is a mystery)! And if you really want to live dangerously, then have a Cigarette, or get in a car, because the three biggest Killers In the UK are heart disease, cancer, and car accidents, in that order. 5010, live longer, top smoking, sell vve car, and ‘start jumping out of aeroplanes!A football motorracing rugby sscuba-diving skiing i 4 According to the article, which is the most dangerous in each group? B_ badminton © cancer climbing ‘ar accidents fishing curtains hang-gliding heart disease toothpaste SUMMREMENNNNEE | 5. Aska partner about thei activities. Mark their lifestyle on a diagram like this. How would they like co change it? se/although/ despite, etc. eight correct sentences. -ASyenture sports are popular secause the excitament they offer. Secause of b theyre oxciting A tof people smoke though a. they know i's bad for them, espite bb knowing the risks. Sore people get injured dee to they haven't heen trained, because b inadequate traning Some people get injured jespite of a they are very experienced. despite Tnking expressions ‘lthough /even though are followed by a clause, climbing because its exciting / although it ofl due tofdespite/in spite of are followed by a sing form. climbing because of the exciterent/in spite of ing the risks, that the clause / phrase with the linking expression est. it's dangerous, ove climbing. “spite of knowing the risks, alot of people srnoke 3 Complete with seven different linking expressions. 1 Because — hang-gliding is dangerous, you need to lear howto doit propery 2 Rugby is stile popular game es dangerous, and lot of people get injured, 3 _______ heeding lots of expensive equipment, and the many accidents, more and more people are going cirbing 4. People do dangercus sports the enjoymentis the excitement: the risks involved, ‘eventhough being experienced. Against the clock! hese expressions into two groups. 4 Seta time limit although because inspteot (Pals: make true sentences, Use as many Though deca ot dacto, "SMCOT linking expressions as you can. 1 Lenjoy/I don't enjoy tear games... 2 think! dort think adventure sports are good 3 | drive! dort drive fast. 4 ve hadi ve never had an accident 5 smokes! don't smoke 6 Ihave/I don't have an active lifestyle Neen| Most-ed and -ing adjectives are Serived from verbs: excite - exciting/excited * ed adjectives describe your feelings. sm excited about going to Thailand. “seg adjectives describe lexceriences, Secs exciting being in Thailand, J: many verbs do not form in this way, so you have 2 different way to say what mean (e.g. NOT I was very strated. BUT 1 was very 4 OR | concentrated very ry tip ‘note of new wards by writing fe groups: sce sports alr sports / team seers hunting Sees Hike / things I don’t tke ercrary activities / unusual =Setes / inbetween activities Vocabulary Describing emotional reactions 1 Complete the gaps with -ed or -ing adjectives. 1 embarrass: Everyone feels embarrassed about something. English people find wages very to tak about 2 excit Its the most thing Wve ever done. elt so 3 exhaust’ ——'venever beenso It looks realy 4 frighten. itsthe most film re ever seen, There was a time when | was really 5 relax lve never been so Its the most thing do. 6 involv. It's the most activity Ian think of. You get totally init. 2 Why are these wrong? What should you say? 1 Iwas very boring, 2 Iwas 50 embarrassing. 3 Are you exciting? 4 You look totally exhausting. 5 feel frightening. 3 Talk abour how you feel. 1 Put these adjectives into groups in the chart. Mark the stress. confused excited surprised embarrassed exhausted frightened involved miserable. relaxed interested happy bored emotional —_violent confident attracted (to someone) Good feelings [Bad feelings [Neither good nor bad often feel I don't often fee! ‘ey use linking expressions as = Sescribe your trips. ectade # wide variety of secabulary to talk about activities aed feelings. ‘As you listen to other people, -sracise using agreeing =pressions. 2 Find out when your partner has those feelings and why. Speak out The dream experience 1 Write on a piece of paper an experience which you think everyone should have in their life. Change papers with another group. 2 Imagine you own the company ‘Real Dreams’, Choose one or two experiences. Plan trips to give people those experiences. Make notes under these headings. DESTINATION |[ DURATION [THE EXPERIENCE FEELINGS: BENEFITS 3 Describe your trips to other groups. Which trip sounds the best?08 GETTING THROUGH? Speaking * Practise using telephone English i + Make fare arangenens winwat, | Making contact ‘Bolas to, present coatwous. 1 How do you most like @ / least like @ to contact people? + Talk about the effects ofthe phone aa cies the ace on our lives. astranger_[afriend | your parents | someone special send an e-mail send apost card write a letter phone meet face to face 2 Compare in groups. Explain your choices. 2. Al; Against the clock! In pairs, A turn to p.100, B to p.103. Explain your phrases. Which pair can finish first? Listening A busy social life 1. In pairs, what do photos A to D tell you about Tom’s social life? 2 Tom calls two friends, Gareth and Nick, Listen. 1 Which two pictures gowith cat? [Jand[] 2 Which wo pictures go wih cal? Cand] 3 Listen again. Complete Tom's notes about the two calls. Gareth - football Nick ~ comping. Gareth —> pub wit Moot im the _ at With call we back avownd : om Bring 4 What do they say about these? Check with the Tapescript on p.108. + Mike * Laura * oyling 5 List five things that you've done with friends, Talk about your lists. When did you last go (campingl? + Where didyougo? + Whowith? + What happened? + What wasit ike?iture arrangements Look at chese sentences from Tom's phone calls. Match them with their uses (a to d) from the Making arrangements box below. + Are you watching the game tonight? 2 Are you going to watch the football tonight? 3 (Mike is finishing work at five and then he's going to give me a call Vi all you back later, shall 1? I'm just about to go home now. Well, Il give you a call there then. 000 OoOf8 king arrangements use several ferent tenses to talk about the future. arrangements you already heve. = present continuous ing t0 = willand shall ..2 will = (be) about to suggestions guarantees the very next thing you're going to do Look at this sentence. Dyou you're gonna ‘So-you know where youoregeingte go? + Ea) sten and repeat three sentences 2 Contract these sentences in the same way, 1 Are you going to go out this evening? 2 What are you going to do? 3 will meet you there, shall? 4 Do you know where you are meeting them? 5 am just about to have dinner. Listen, check, and repeat = Against the clock! 3 Seta time limit In pairs, imagine and complete this conversation. A. this evening? B Welt, yes, in fact “Would you like FO SO san amenomi ‘A. Oh, yes, that would be great, Where —__? B Well, - 4 Now relax. Change partners. Have a similar conversation. Make an arrangement for this evening, § Practise making arrangements. 1. Make a diary lke this. Write down three things you're doing over the next seven days. Samy Deer Foviainey 2 Think of four or five other things you would like to do with people in the class, 3. Now make arrangements with as many people as you ‘can. Fill your dary. Vocabulary Telephone phrases 1 Match these phrases, 1 mateshave [5] a on 2 calliphone/ring [] _b anarrangement 2 speak Oc tosomeone 4 hold Cd someone Riocabutary tip S answeriget — [) calling? “ere are thousands of word 6 Giveme O tat ‘combinations to lean in English, rhakea pond fe)” g phone collect word combinatons as you ahets on aring ted meet them. Write ‘matching’ tests. Bates oni 0 hamigeacall = Testyourslf,or work witha fiend Who's CO _ | thephone nel test each other Cover each side, Say the whole phrase. Test a partner.We use standard expressions and responses to guide the stages of an informal phone call. 4 Areuer Bi pen Gareth, Hel say helo Tom, Gerla Tom Se Senge oe 2. Discuss arrangements Tom — Are you watching the game tonight? Gareth Sorry? Tom Are you going to watch the football tonight? _ Finish arrangements Gareth, Alright then Tom” Fie 8 General cat about Laura) 4 Endthe phone cal Gareth Anyway, give you oral ser yeah i Eat say goodbye Gareth All right then, see you later. ime oi ye Gari Bye 3 Look at these phrases. 1 Which ones are sald... a bya person —_b_byamachine? @ Ifyou know the extension number you require, please dial it nov. bb it you need assistance from the operator, please hold, For credit card bookings, please press one. d Can you hold, please? Im putting you through now. Hello, you're through to Credit Card Bookings, can |help you? 2. Translate the phrases in bold. English in use Guiding a phone call 1 Against the clock! In groups, what phrases do people use on the phone? Which group can write the most phrases in five minutes? 2 In pairs, look at the Expressions and responses box. 1 What do the phrases in bold meant Write them in the Expressions column, —______________Bipressions Responses 2_Who's that? Helo. Hits 1b What did you say? Let's frish talking about that. _Imready to end the phone call. = Say goodbye 2 Now write the response which comes after each expression. 3. Complete the gaps in Tom’s next call. Then check with the ‘Tapescript on p.108. ‘Answer the phane ye three six four oh cant speak to Nick, please? Aleks mother Ok Tone aw Getting Nick End the cal Tom._.....OK. See you later Say goodbye Nick Tom Nicktice several different ways of ing ‘Yes’ and ‘No’. Note that it sound rude to say just ‘no’ to suggestion, OK Right, Fine, Excellent, Great Vtknow, rm not sure HONE !POWER. hen I asked my daughter (26) which item she would keep: the “shone, the car, the cooker, the computer the TV, er her boyfriend she sid the phone’, Personally, I could do wthout the phone entirely. Which kes me unusual. Because the felephone Is changing our lives more ‘han any other piece of technology. Point 1 The telephone creates the ‘seed to communicate, inthe same way ‘at more roads create more traffic ‘uy daughter comes home from school 34.00 pm and then spends an hour on “= phone talking to the very people ‘he has been at school with all day. If ‘phone did not exist, would she have -Sything to talk about? Point 2 The mobile phone means that see ave never alone. ‘The mobile saved sy life’ says Crystal Johnstone. She fad an accident in her Volvo on the Remember Include some of the language you've practised to tak about social activites. © Use the correct tenses for making future arangements Try to include as many telephone phrases and responses as you can. $ Look at the posteard from Adrien ie are soning. dons to on the evening of Satur | GS 1 You'diketo see them 25rd staging ait the but can’t make the 23rd. Tuesday oF Wedwesdny - any SEY Iu Thean Thin ofasultable reply chaneaot petting fetter? | $2 Wad ew suggesting amecting. Weldon toaze pou! apn | Aranda 2 Inpairs, sit backto back. Lets ef tow Ww. SUSSEX Roleplay the phon cal Adrien ¢ lay the hei a9 6 Reading Never alone with the phone 1 How many ways can you use the phone system? local calls, the Internet 2 Read ‘Phone Power’. Find examples from the article of how the phone, a improves our life, and b makes ic worse. 3. How does the phone affect your life? ‘Aa5 between Otley and Skipton. Trapped Inside; she managed to make the call that brought the ambulance to her rescue. Point 3 The mobile removes our privacy. It allows Marketing Manager of Haba Deutsch, Carl Nicolalsen, to ving his sales staff all round the world at any time of day ta ask where they are, where they are ‘going, and how their last meeting went. Point 4 The telephone separates us. Antonella Bramante in Rome says, ‘We ‘worked! in separate offices but I could see him through the window. It was easy to get Speak out Making phone calls his number. It was avery passionate seduction ~ but we didn’t meet for the frst ‘wo weeks!” Point 5 The telephone allows us to reach ‘out beyond our own lives. Today we can talk to several complete strangers simultaneously ‘on chat lines (at least my daughter does. [ ‘wouldn't know what to talk about). We can talk across the world. We can even talk to astronauts (iF you know any) while they're space-walking. And, with the phone ine hooked upto the computer, we can access the Internet, the biggest library on Earth. 1 In groups, look ar the mobile phone pictures. 1 Who could be speaking to whom What are they talking about? 2. Suggest five or six phrases or sentences they might be saying 2 In pairs, make up a phone conversation 1 Choose two of the photos. 2 Make up the conversation between them and practise it 3 Perlormit or record it forthe class. CEOY INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS + Practise expressions for responding to good! bad news + Look at present continuous, going to, ‘wil, and present simple for planning the future, + Leam vocabulary for special ‘occasions. SEASON’S GREETINGS? (Ok nol Christmas again. More than birthday parties, more even than wedding receptions, Christmas. is, above all, the occasion 1 hate the most. And why? Iv hard to say which is worse; sending cards to people you never see; visiting relatives you can't for bli Group A Christmas Divall (Hindu Festival of Lights) Hsien Nien (the Chinese New Year) Shawwal the end of Ramadan} Kodomonohai {the Japanese festival, Children’s Day ) Group B ij birthday _awedding a bereavement Vocabulary tip ‘We often remember what sound a word begins with + Try isting new words and phrases in alphabetical order. + Put the lst on the wallnext to ‘your bed, in the bathroom Read the lst every ime you pass it stand; eating and drinking more than you want; presents is always dreadful. The list of complaints against J ‘Christmas is endless — so wy do we do it? Speaking Celebrations 1. What occasions have you celebrated in the last two years? 2. In groups, read the article. 1 What doesn’t he ke about Christmas? 2 Do you agree with him? No thanks. children who would be nicer people if they had less; iged to spend money you don't have; and the weather 3 Are there any occasions you particularly like or hate? Explain why. Vocabulary Special occasions 1. What types of occasion are Groups A and B? 1. How many can you add to Group A? Say what they celebrate 2 In Group B, order the occasions. Explain your order. 2 On which occasions do you do these things? Add to the lists have funeral invite relatives {0 to church a party afew close fends Send cards 2 procession allyour friends give presents a reception neighbours let off fireworks ‘naming ceremony calleagues 3. Make phrases. 1 enter/win/lose [5] a anarmileg 2 takerpassrtal =] acompetitionrace 3 break Cc anaccident/a jon interview 4 get Oa jo 5 geta Oe anexam 6 have C5 engoged’married/ divorced 1 Which ones have you done? How did you mark the occasion? 2 Which ones do you think you will do? 4 Choose up to ten words phrases to learn from this section. List them in alphabetical order. In pairs, try and say them all,ES Congratulations done! oh dear! How did it happen? am sorry, wel, thank you very much indeed ving me. Merry Christmast v yourself! y? Well, good luck! ce, that for really tragic news, ‘example a bereavement, we im really sorry or I'm terribly bout we have nothing else al to say. What you say ends entirely on your conship. Listening Incidents and accidents 1 How do these people feel? Ive passed. ve won. ve fled Wve lst ve got an interview. ve had an accident. 2 When these happen to a friend, what do you say in your language? 3 Listen to six conversations. 1 Whats the occasion each time? Number 1 to 6 jobinterview C] wedding — £] accident = exam o birthday =F] thankyou 2 Usten again. Say what's happening/has happened, 3 Inpairs, what detalls can you remember? Check with the Tapescript on p. 108 4 Choose a similar occasion that has happened to you. Say what happened, what you did, and how you felt. English in use Phrases for special occasions 1 Match situations 1 to 8 with ‘Occasion expressions’ a to h. 1 Ie Christmast 5 I didn't get the job.) 2.mgoing to my brother's birthday party. [] 6 sve passed my exam! ["] 3 Isbeen ovelyhaving youtostay. 7 sve brokenmyarm. (] 4 Imgoing for ajob interview tomorrow. [F] 8 r'vejust gotengaged. [-] 2 [Bi Listen and check. Then repeat. Copy the intonation. 3 When can you answer with these expressions? Practise in pairs. ‘And a Happy New Year! Have agoodtime. What a shame! | really enjoyed it. That's great! Bad luck. | hope it goes well Brilliant! How awful 4S Against the clock! In pairs, cover all the expressions, Remember what to say in each situation. Say and respond as many times as you can in cwo minutes. 5 Practise exchanging news. 1 Complete the sentences. imagine one of them has happened to you. Ivsmy —___ today. ve just heard my _—'ssick Fe got an exam I've just been offered a Wwe all my exams. I'm getting married 2 Walk around. Say hello to everyone, and pass on your news. When someone gives you their news, respond, then ask one or two questions about it Ca EUEYGeD EREi | ! En Planning the future YOU ARE INVITED TO A BALL AT ‘Tae CuaLront Horst TO CBLBBRATE THE 21ST BIRTHDAY OF Sanaw Dixon e dinnet ~ live jaz band & dancing 730 m4 -2.00 484 1. Look at the invitation, 1 What's the party going to be like? Make four prediction. 2. Would you lke to go to a party like this? 2. Are these people going? Say ‘Yes’, No’, or ‘May ‘Matt Not really my style, isit? | mean, its going to be very posh: look at the invite Robin | don’t think Il be able to, think Pi be in the States, at conference. | hope not, but I'l just have to see. Sarah 'm going with Raji He's going to get two days off work fort. Finn Oh, we won't mis it Maria and I will be there, no question! Helen. Why not stay at my place? I'l pick you up Maria_t'm in Thalland the at the station, day before, but I'm going to get there all Mike Realy? Well Ill come eneeteleens then, Thanks Helen. be there Present continuous, going to, will This chart shows how to express diferent types of future ey We we, Levee, Names _| Types of future eS 1 Sarah _[jt’s already arranged vv 2 ‘know from present evidence |_| ¥ a intend to do this vig 4 5 promises/guarentees/ v Srersrrequests é sudden decisions ¢ Uncertainty: hopes/fers/ v possibilities with Unk | probably | 3 Look at the people’s comments in ex.2 again. Write cheir names in the chart, PAPE EEE Present simple \We use the present simple to express the future ift's part of a wnitten/formal plan or timetable. My plane leaves at 6.00 a.m, 4 Which person comments using the present simple for Future? Why? 5 [Ei] Listen and repeat the comments. Copy the intonation Note \We write 1am going to... But we say Pm gonna ... gana! ‘N’: Against the clock! 6 Set a time limit In pairs, complete the conversations. Compare your answers wich another pair. Correct any mistakes. 1 A What (you/do) are voudalng. this evening? 8 (U/go), out. Would you like to come? ‘A Where (you go) ? B Don't know — I like to go to the theatre ~ but “_Wrobabiy | end up) in the publ 2A What (yousdo) for Christmas? ‘A Well, why don't you come and stay with us? B What? For Christmas? A Yes. There/oniy/be) me, my sister, and iy Dad, (you/oe) welcome, B Allright. Then (I/come) Thank you “venymuch, 3A Ohno! Look at all this traffic (We/be) late, Why don’t we go round the other AI don't think (it help) B Well, (I/ring) _mobile here. A_Oh, good idea, ‘them ~ I've got my 7 Now relax. Listen to your teacher and check,‘Sind out about your partner’ future. Choose ent 3. Ask for predictions aboutvhats gore 4] Nal band io ev Be wa ae young wate you gongtodofor to happens inthe ue. crsnat Diol yA Revenant = fm going to stay with my family tm staying with vemencisn,. ae acelebration of yam inyour country peg Gort ino, but sta th my fail tue oun 2 Tino prob pouterst sty Gavel cst, we Saboutplansthis 2 Askaboutambions os 3 tnd ntonons ne nissan] Beier ti A ler to help withthe your next heavoad =) a er Christmas try and get rich “or your next hol ‘get married 3 have kids B Decide to go. Speak out A class reunion 1 Imagine that it is one year from now. You are attending a class reunion. By yourself 1 Think of two or three things that have happened to you over the past year. 2 Think of one or two special occasions you have been to. 3 Think ofa reason why you have to leave the reunion early. 4 Also imagine that one of these things has happened to you. Remember You are getting married (or Try to use a variety of tenses remarried). You are thinking YOu correcty for talking about the cof moving. future, Respond to good and bad news You've broken your leg. You'll be with appropriate expressions. able to run again in about five weeks. Inde vocabulary for pec The even PREey has Eev genie aie en tae preheater "Your company wants you to change = Jobs and move to Siberia, for more You've won altrip to apace money. You've got three weeks to decide, _station. if to 80, 1 you don't go, it'll be bad for your career. else , 4 ‘You have failed an important exam. You don'tknow what to do now. 2. Now get up and join the party. Say hello to everyone, and find out what's happening in their lives. Try to talk to everyone. CANEPA ED| Use sentence patterns with because otherwise so, when, et Practise expressions for obligation and permission (must/have fo, etc) Learn vocabulary for rules and arguments, Vocabulary tip ‘The card method is an effective way ‘of learning alat of vocabulary quickly. + Make a pack of 20 word cards. Put fone word or phrase on the front of teach card, On the back, put a sentence with the word missing. + Lookat each sentence. If you can say the missing word, put the card atthe bottom ofthe pack. Ifnot, look at it and put it in just 2 few cards later, then try again + Then look atthe words and try to remember the sentences. Speaking Rules 1 Answer this questionnaire by yourself. = re your ates he sea our outst A QUESTION OF TUDE. Wete tne) Fake) or? nage ‘My COUNTRY ME a Rules ares’ important — nobody follows them anyway. a Rules are necessary, even If they're sometimes inconvenient. Many of our national heroes are rebels. It’s important to follow the rules because it shows respect. It’s often exciting to break the cules. \We only have rules because some people love having authority. People lke rules ~ that's why we have them. 2. In groups, compare your answers. Ifyou disagree, find out why. Vocabulary Time for an argument 1 Think of situations in your life when there are a lot of arguments. 2M Againse the clock! 1 Inpairs, define these words. A turn to p.100 and help B, B turn to p.104 and help A. Which pair can finish first? “ypuddings mealtimes, S-annoying interrupted ie main course the washing up yntime arguments dinnertime unfair jotupset banned 2 Finish each sentence with one word phrase. 1 Inmy family, nobody liked mealtimes. 7 Nobody got to the table 2 The whole family met at 8 Andeveryone always 3 Idide’t often ike 9 which caused terrible 4 but | always loved Mum's 10 and someone always 5 Nobody helped Mum with 11 Mum said we were very .. 6 which Ithink was very 12 So talking at dinner is now 3 Complete the sentences with these phrases. ‘argue’ toargue «1 Wemustnt 4 They spend all their Usargue us arguing 2 They don'tlet time arguing 3 We'renever allowed... 5 They always stop... 4 Use the expressions to talk about your family /work/school, ete My boss lets me doesn't lt meListening Home rules 1 Alice and Colin have six children aged two to 16. What sort of rules dio you expect them to have? Think of four or five examples. ten to the family talking about the rules in their house. 1 Number the topics in Column Ain the order they talk about them 2 A 8 Cohetpingwiththe washingup a IFyou're not here when we're ready to start, then you don't get pudding [1] ariving on tine for meals © You mustn't interupt when somebody's talking ~ you've got to wait till they've finished. Ti lesin friends’ houses © ‘After dinner, we've got to help with the washing-up, ‘cause with eight of us, there's alot to do taking at meattimes 4 Television is banned inthe week and they're ony allowed to watch tat weekends : 5] watehing the news on TV © You don't it us watch the news even at weekends when they can watch television The trouble is, theyre reaching an age winere nobody else ever has tod the _washing-up 2 Match Column A with Colurnn B, Listen again and check. 3 Remember anything else they said. Check with the Tapescript on p.108. 3 In groups, how similar are your answers? 1. What was its it Ike in your house? 2 Whyou had six children, would you have the same rules? English in use Sentence patterns with because / otherwise 1 Read the ‘Rules for behaviour’, and ‘Reasons’. One reason is generally positive and one is generally negative. Write + or - each time, les for behaviour Reasons we 1 Bveryane has to work because everyone needs money] otherwise you don't have any money. [-] 2 Youve gottohavesome un because that's what life's allabout. [-] otherwise life's misrabl oO 3 Youmusin'tsteal ‘because it's dishonest, o otherwise you might get caught. 7] can also put otherwise atthe end Don't spend more than you earn because thats basic good sense] sentence otherwise youl getinto debt. oO spend more than you eorn youll get into debe otherwise. 2 Which word do we use for, a negative, b positive reasons? im eae Oe3 Think of positive and negative reasons for chese rules. 1 You have todo exercise sometimes 2 You should wash regularly 3 You've got to make friends We often use sentences in patterns 1 the occasion After dinner, 2 the rule we've got to help with the washing-up, 3 the reason because with eight of Us, there's a lot to do, 4 comment but i's a bit annoying if you've got things to do. Other common words introducing patterns are when/if/so/and. When you're studying for an exarn/ you should go to bed early/so you {eel fresh the next morning/and you'llbe able to concentrate better. 4 Number the phrases in order using the sentence pattern in the box. 1 [1] otherwise it causes arguments and it's quite annoying when someone keeps interrupting you the rules atthe table are that ‘you mustn't interrupt when somebody's taking they're only allowed to watch TV at weekends ‘our biggest arguments are about television because they're lucky to live in the countryside and if you send them outside, they quickly find something to do gn000 000) 5 Read the ‘Rules for travelling on the tube! 1 Compete the text withthe following words 1 aie and because but_—=—sf—otherwise so. when ong to ta BETS 2 [Be Uston and check your answers. Rule an offal rule? hve to buy a 3 [Bg] Listen and repeat, Copy the intonation, jeu Pare yougtenatan 2. you first go into a tube 3 youre on the train you mastt you need to ask look at aryone eke, you you can be wrested and station, ne free Yo need aan or Selif ge Che = rer RFT Des ticket > GE trough the 10 the ile often buy yon is very seis of Cet poor ur aera riches sae tor an od PORTS cite hard to forged tis much quer “= leokat the adverts and maps 6 Think of the rules for two situations in your life, Tell a partner. At what oes eas information age 1 How old do you have to be to do these things in your country? eaneleets Crows Clery pay on public transport a atinkatcond CE) ave 5) buy cigarettes You have to pay to go on Kiteavescroot FE} vote (5 work tor money trains, buses, et. “Toit Gat dei. aldol 2 Mh Against the clock! In pairs, read the text in five minutes. Find, } private ~ for example at home. ‘out when you can do the things in ex.{ in England and Wales. ‘You can be convicted of a 3 Which age restrictions are unfair? Why? Compare in pairs. | rnin eence (HE You can buy a pet SYS Se ae ead mie z : You can mary but yo must eee Se You can ge paretine job, have your pares Conse ; He ear cto iesee . TMREYOUrpaEnS owen. You ech the age of many’ - you are than (wo hours on a school Serta paspaneaay onset an adult in the eyes of the law. day or on Sana. You can buy cigaretes and oc eanta Stee You can go into a pub but you tobacco. ae Ogee ee eee can’t buy or drink alcohol ‘You cam have beer, cider, or aca So ea there. vine with ama! in restaurant, [El] You can become a Member of Faioment The Guardian ches egal Cente EyComplete from ‘Ariwhat age can I..?” 41. Youcan have a driving licence when you are 12 2 Youcan go to prison when you are —_ 3 You can’t vote until you are —_. 4 You have to go to school between the ages of and 5 You're allowed to leave school when you are _ 6 Youcan get married at __ but your parents must 7 Children mustn't go into pubs under the age af —_ Translate the words in bold. Are they the same in your language? Look at these expressions. fica 2 must. ean » timallowed to. “have to. ¢ tmustrt 1. Match the similar meanings. 2 Use the six expressions to describe your fe at the moment. Tella partner, j have to, must, be allowed to, should, need to + verb to + verb can drive You're allowed to smoke must have alicence _Youhave ta foliw the rules, should goto bed early You need to sleep have to work. = its not necessary bligation and permission 4 Read the text. Of all the ages you can be, I like mine the best. And why? ( Firstly, becouse 1 don't have to work | don't even have to {get up in the moming if dont want to. ‘And secondly, nobody asks me stupid questions like "How fore you getting on with Margen?" or ‘Hows the job’. Nobody ever listens to the answers onyway ~ they only osk because they think they should, And yes, Ido have a job — am a waiter. A night waiter 1 ‘rite From 10.00 pm until 4.00 om, every night. You don't need much sleep ot my age but people dont like it: vey seem to think that people of my age shouldn't stay up ater eleven o'dock! ‘What do 1 write about? Why, the silly socicl rules that people have to follow between 10 and 65.1 shouldn't Taugh. But it does makes exellent material for books. 1 Complete these sentences. 1 He likes being retired because he doesnt have to 2 People only ask about your partner because 3 He can stay up tll 4.00 because old people 4 People seem to think that old people 6 But people under 10 and over 65 2 Cover the text. Say the sentences from memory. 5 Describe some of the advantages of being your age. mustn't drive over 70. = it's important NOT to Use all che verbs in che Language box on the left. ‘Remember Include some vocabulary fr rules {and restrictions. Speak out Write the rules = Use sentence patterns to describe 3 rule, what it’ fr, and what you think of it. = Tryto use can, have to, must, should, etc. correctly. in Frank! wonders about clubs and societies do people join clubs? Ist the sense of belonging that i ‘Do the clubs organize competitions and conferences? leven provide a career in your hobby? Does ip offer reduced prices for equipment and 7s organization necessary to get people to change (Or is it just because people ove rules? Because, heres a club or society, there isa Rule Book. ) 1 In groups, read the article. Why do people join clubs? 2 Choose a club. Write the Club Code. 1 Explain riety who the club is for and what it does 2 Write up to seven rules for the members, 3. Explain your Club Code to the class Aosty Society (The! | Roe Wins andFoods | New Word Group (he) Computer Games| Fun Cie Phosophy Gre ‘Workshop Garden | | snonpes Society (te) Conversation Gu (hal | te) | tar rekitematonal Caxmetes cu Tha) uns eFrearns cub | eenage ation on ght Credit Card Group (The) (hes “Under 30's Club (The} gees spons. | tame Socew[The|__ | vegetarian Socaty Intemational | Leer Writers Cre (ht | Vel Soc he © | Mengotan Society (The) | Womens Group (The!‘/ TEMPER AND TEARS Speaking +Learn how to make simple i complaints and deal with more Feelings _ SRC stustonsjaston, | 2 Higroups, how many emotions can you think of? bs evactad eavize Rocivnrsell ek Write a lise of feelings and how they affect you. fomething anger you shout and scream, you shoke, you go re, fear you 2 Talk about when you felt one of the emotions. What happened? English in use Complaining 1 Where are these problems likely to happen? abar/pub/café — ahotel_—ayestaurant © a shop —_astation Problems the wrong change ina shop/bar, etc. a dirty cup/spoon the wrong size dress/ shirt a cracked glass/plate the wrong ticket ‘a damaged CD/cassette /book a dirty room/a noisy night horrible coffee/beer /food a delayed journey a faulty cassette recorder/camera 2. What do you do if you have a problem like this? Tick the chart. What do you do? How do you do i? complain tothe sta |ectupset andlookunhapry — ] . ask the staff to put it right Geet angry o ask to see the manager (2) be trienaly and cheertul o do nothing — forget t be poite but serious a 3 Which of these solutions would you accept for the problems above? the wrong change = on apology an apology arefund ‘change it 4 Listen to two conversations. Complete the chart. where [the protiem [the sotton [hebptustat” [cain custome?are helpful, problems solved immediately. ‘complaints usually have ‘aretund), please have (another one), please? 3 you (change it), please? cult complaints someone is unhelpful, you to insist. Follow the stages, iple complaints, and then ... derstand/| realize! Pappreciate (hat) | want to change) “Acknowledge the problem even though (haven't got receipt “important to keep calm, and Aca HRADLEK27 18 ATEABHER, br wy tener ee ‘out, but my problem is that get angry enough. IF 1 suid thing immediately, | could stay Instead, 1 wait, getting more d more initoted until 1 lose Woman Ree 5 Read Simple complaints. 1 Find the three parts in Conversation 1 He tesefonse B_Oh, I'm sorry. 2. How ese could you say tke another ono? Use the phrases inthe box. 3. [Bg] Usten and repest. Copy the intonation. 6 Read Difficult complaints. Complete these two conversations 1A. Excuse me, l bought ths yesterday, and __ it's too big. ae Have you got ye 8 ureceip? : A natn, but fe got the bag and everthing i B__ Im sorry out we dont change things without a recep. ~ A Wel, that, I want to change 1 haven't got the receipt . i : 2 Saltese ge = 8 saree - C1 that, I want refund, ies not your 7 Practise the conversations from memory with a partner: Listening Losing your temper 1 Look at the article about Jacqui. 1. What's happening in the cartoons? 2 What do you think Jacqui would do in these situations? 2 [BB] Listen to Jacqui talking about ‘one of those days’. 1 Explain how these things come into her story. + a puddle of water + sik o'clock the pavement + a borrowed dress + door keys: + adrain 2 Did Jacqui go to the party in the end? 3 Read about something else that happened to Jacqui. 1 In pairs, A turn to p.100, 8 to p.104. Work out what happened 2. [Bi] Uiscen and check. Were you right? What do you think of Jacqurs behaviour? 4 Describe something similar that has happened to you or to someone you know. Use some of these words and phrases. lose my temper explode irate me get fed up have a tantrum Jose control gomad —_getiitated stay calm be angry aw Rd 45Narrative tenses 1 Look again at extracts from Jacqui’ stories. 1 7 I gatto work late 8 When I got to work a held called, and left a message. b Thenhe called me and explained. | woke up 10 find o huge puddle of woter on the floor Sol deared it up and was late for work, 2—The friend 1 was meeting initated me because she'd Forgotten to bring hock o dress she'd borrowed, which 9 He sald he was doing a job for the police V4 planned to weor to porty that night. Qo EI ag 10 He said he'd done @ job forthe police a 3—Iwas in a queve andthe existnt was going trough Some popes ond ignoring ws A pregnant women wes ‘bvowsy having difclty stoning fer song. a a a ag a few years before but nat any more b_and he had to go abroad for a few weeks. 11 When | got home, the police had called 12 When | got home, the police called oO and asked me where he was. bb and left anote asking me to call them, 1 Lookat the phrases in bold, Wt the extract numbers by each tense, atoe a the past simple b the past continuous [5] € thepastpertect = 13 That night, lames was saying goodbye 14 That night, James sald goodbye a and et © when the police arved and took him away. 2 Match the tenses a, b,c, with their uses i, being in the middle of an action Ii things that happened earlier iil the main events of the story and il 3 Decide on a title for the story. Read the sentences again and choose one from each section. Then Compare tires Festi Ors eaes inanaraite cover and tell a different partner your story. Past simple : ‘One event after another © Agail 7 He drove upto the house and jumped out @: Against the clock! Activities together 4 Seta time limit eae a In pairs, read this true story and complete with Past continuous the past simple, past perfect, and past continuous. ‘One activity ‘containing’ a shorter one Iwas working in Berlin when we met. ‘Along’ activity leading up to an event twas raining. A car slowed down and stopped. Past perfect Earlier events hadn't seen him for years but recognized him immediately. When | got ta the door, | realized I'd forgotten my keys. There's an axeman in my bedroom! inead woke up. A man stand) ' wos standing at the end of the bed. She (think) 2 that her beyfciend, Richard, (get up) 3___ fr a drink. Bt then she (eae) 4 starch te) Sesto er. My God she (seam) 8 Rickard vale) 7 wp The nan coe) 8 los He (hold) 2 something 2 In pairs, match each sentence with a orb. an axe. Hes going to kill us! Richard shouted and threw himself at + taesadeoh genie g en Ste net The 2 Itwas.a beautiful day. o (hear) 10 _a scram inthe next room: her The sun was shining through the window. eee ae ance b Then the sun shane through the window. < ‘Richard shouted. Sinead (shake) !Y =) wi ye (move) 12_ to the 2 aes ed esse g a eee aS 4 James had had breakfast. if ea crorydsreweresfonteta zg Bt Nett Shek decalia be aay’ ‘Sinead ran. tn Jenna’ rom, she heard the SS nencrahdohesin see 5 knew he was leaving o 6 I knew he had left (5 Now relax. What happened next? Try to complete the story. Then turn to p.100, Find out what happened! because the house was silent. b_because I could hear the door opening. nas y —Ga Necabulary tip _ic2m words to deseribe things which ‘= important to you. Occasions and -eeents are especially good for this as “sey bring together alot of ordinary ulary which willbe useful on other occasions. {Look them up and write them ov together. = Group them under headings fin a iagram, eg. people, places, etc Genember Use vocabulary for describing ‘moods and emotions. Use narrative tenses correctly to say what happened, “ny to make your experience as vivid as possible. Vocabulary Occasions and feelings 1 Which have you experienced? + afuneral + ariot or revolution + awedding + areligious ceremony + a festival or celebration 2 These sentences all describe the same colour. ‘The Ashantis in Ghana, In Kathmandu in In Hungary, traditionally, in West Africa, use it at Sones eh 2 Sein loss and sadness. It means “a passing away! Nepal, it's associated it was the colour of fire itn bravery. Peale ag eutussiasm and oh also wear it in ‘everything that was exciting. religious ceremonies. ut after 1948, after The In Russia, in the Communist revolution, first years ofthe was regarded less favourably Revolution, people because it was the official wore it proudly for colour of revolution, which their achievements. was not very popular. In China, it's the colour of luck and happiness. Its the colour people wear at ‘wedding ceremonies and at celebrations in the New Year 1 Which colour? What do you associate with that colour? 2 How many words can you find for a events, b feelings? 3 What do you associate with these colours? Think about occasions, feelings, and meanings, + Weuseitat... + Traditionally, it + It the colour people wear at + tmeans + Wsthecolour of... + i's associated with 4 Make a spidergram about an event which was important to you. ‘Write words/phrases which you associate with it. Include: RES [ places actives objects feelings pom vw i AT pees 5 Cover your spidergram, Remember as many words/phrases as you can, Speak out Describing memorable events 1 In groups, choose one of the pictures above, or one of these events: Complaint! A fantastic night out The end of the war Winning a game 1 Imagine you were there. Describe what happened and what it was like 2 Together, look up and yarite the words/phrases you need. Include: + events: things that happened + places, sights, sounds, and smells, + feelings 2 In pairs, with someone from another group, describe the event. 11 TEMPER AND TEARS: cy| = Si SAYING NO * Practise making invitations and saying ‘no' politely. Use infinitive to link words and build sentences. Expand your ‘verbs, nouns, and adjectives using axes. What do YOU do if someone fhvites you somewhere or asks you don't ur ang you want to; Speaking Saying no 1 In groups, think of a time when 1. someone invited you somewhere. 2 someone asked you a favour. 2 Did you do any of these? D goeven though you didr'twant to) just sayno’ 1 say yes’ and then not go (T make up an excuse not to go 1 say no and explain why honestly 3. Which of these comments do you agree with? Why? depends who you're talking to, I would say no, if I don’t want Tmean, I can’t say no to my parents, to go, and I would explain why but I can say no to people who don’t honestly, because otherwise, it know me very well. Turkey is impolite, 1 think. Japan Vd just say no. If they're your ‘think it’s important to make an friends, then they'll understand. excuse, because otherwise it’s too If they're not, then it doesn’t direct. It’s impolite just to say, matter anyway. Spain ‘Wo, I won't come’ Switzerland How to say ‘no’ nicely Do you ever find t hard to say no? ‘Then these tps are for you ~ ‘Not may be one of the shortest words in the it's also one English language but of the hardest to say ‘Most of us are brought up to try to please others, so when we're asked to do difficult to impossible ing something, it can be refuse, and almost to do so without Womans Westy 4 There are different social ‘rules’ in different countries for refusing invitations and requests. What can happen if you get i ‘wrong’? Reading Reading for the main points 1 In pairs, read the beginning of a magazine article. 1 How do the British feel about saying ‘no’? 2 What kind otis’ do you think the article might suggest? 2 In paits, read the rest of the article. 1 turn 0 p.101, Btop.104. Count the tips. Underline the main words in each 2 Tell your partner what tips yau can remember. 3 Explain these words from the article. effective ‘explanations body language ‘broken record firmly made-up straighten calmly sweetener reasonable 4 What tips would you give to people visiting your country?ary tip your vocabulary! When you up one word in the dictionary, for related wards. That way, you ‘two or three words with ite effort, e.g. when you look up ssion (n), you will also find ive (ad), ogaressively (ad). arrange (v) explain (w) sensitive (adj) importance (n.) kind (ad) Invite (ad) use (n.) friend (n) possible (ad) Vocabulary Double your vocabulary 1. Split these words into two parts - the base word and the affix. shortest short/est asking guilty reasonable effective hardest kindness straighten firmly impossible kinder sweetener 2 Now splie these, but add letters co make the complete base word. refusal refuse +al easier happily refusing psychologist explanation politest 3. Againse the clock! In groups, make more words using these affixes in five minuces. Which group can make the most? ful ity ty nce. snes tion im ie une friend [happy [important [invite [possible [sensitive [use friendly 4 Change the words on the left to complete the sentences, Its very rude to change an arrangement. Just because a better one comes up. Its rude to say ‘no! without giving an —_ di b 3 It’s notyour politeness that matters, i's your 4 In my country, politeness isn't 5 One thing everybody likes in other people is 6 I's Ok to refuse an ____without giving a reason, 7 Its to learn to be polite in English. & Youhave to.use the right phrases, otherwise people can think you're very 9 Learning anather language perfectiyIs completely 5 Look only at the words, Remember the sentences. Listening Invitations 1 Look at six things you could be invited to do. What would you expect in your country? + Are they invitations to someone's home / to go out..? + Willit be during the day in the evening / for a whole day ..? + willyou eat / drink anything? + will you have to pay for anything? + Can you take someone with you? + Will you take something (food wine? flowers...?2. Listen co five invitations. Make notes like this. 1 2 3 4 5 Invitation to 2? Reply 3 Listen again. In pairs, note more details. Check with the Tapeseript on p.109. 4 What’s the situation and the relationship in each conversation? English in use Looking at Invitations and replies menee about di les of invitations. SOCial’ rules 1 Read the text about different styles of invita 1 Do you think this information is true in your country? Fammar rules tell you how to mee 2. What examples of elaborate’ invitations do you have in your language? I sentences, Social rules tell you what Imagine, for eample, you realy tke = LEE someone and you say, I wondering, if A simple invitation is usually one short phrase, e.g. Do you fancy ...? go party with friends today evening you (informal), or Would you like ...? (informal or formal). seul ie come they might aga the Tinea. eee sgammar, but there's 2 goed chance 4 Do you fancy «7 I love to but ve got to they'll say ‘yes’. But if you say. "You come 2 Would you like to ... afterwards? That would be to-a party with me this evening’ they ‘may think you are aggressive and arrogant, and say ‘no 2 [BQ] Listen to two extracts from: again. 1 Complete the phrases inthe box fr simple invitations and replies, Invitations tend tobe simple 2 Who do you know that you could say these phrases to? ape eai fide 3 [BB] isten and repeat. Copy the intonation + you expect the answer ‘yes or its ‘for something small and simple (e.g. Elaborate invitations : pean! . Elaborate invitations can include an introduction, an invitation phrase, e.g, it you are equal in ageand status. and Woyig yoy like ...?, and often a comment, e.g. a description of the event. ‘specially Syow aretioh yong 3 Introduce Look, was wondering .... Show appreciation That's very Invitations tend tobe more elaborate. Suggest Would oulike to 2 Accept Id + s€you don't know each other well Thank Thank you. + € you expect the answer ‘na’ o if i's 4 Introduce Hi, Joanna, Look, ‘show appreciation Oh, that’s forsomething large (ging away on Situation We're going to Refuse I'mataid | holiday) or unexpeted Invite Would you lke to ..? Reason I've got something an eae Sweetener Maybe another ‘unequal in age or status, oF because 5 Introduce Listen, Show appreciation Oh that would be you are ta formal ocasion, or if you Situation We're having a ‘and accept havea naturally formal style Invite Iwas wondering ifyou'd..2 Thank Thank you. 3 Listen co three more extracts from J) again. Vocabulary tip 1 Complete the phrases for more elaborate invitations and replies pemeniee ciepecatirtiea O 2. [BBS] Usten and repeat. Copy the intonation. counting the words. * Find the longest phrase in the 4 Make invitations and replies Eiabobaie tba fons uae Cou * golora drink + gooutforameal + goon holiday with you the words. Clese your book and * goloracottes + come fordinner + come round for a barbecue i remember the phrase. + come andsee afm * go camping for the weekend ——Think of one thing that 4 you think shard to do, 2 isimportant for everyone to do. In pairs, look again at sentences 1 to 10. 4 Compare your answers. How similar are you? 2 Underline the infinitive. Does it follow an adjective, a noun, an auxiliary verb, or a full verb? ig infnitives Infinitive isthe simplest form of a verb, eg, use, 20, zmber, come, etc. We use itt attach a verb to other is, Itis often used with the word fo, e.g. to use, to etc ‘adjective + infitve Its important to use the right words. hnoun-+ infinitive | don’t have an excuse not to go. ‘auxiliary + infinitive | should do exercise more often. ‘verb +infntive She asked me to come. infinitive has many uses. Here are three common ones, In phrases beginning with wh- words (where, when, ‘who, what) and how. ‘don’t know what to say. ‘With too and (not) enough, ppasta's too hot to eat./ My pasta’s not cool ugh to eat say why you do something (infnitive of purpose) exercise to keep fit. 3 Underline examples of each use in these sentences. Ate they 1, 2, or 3? ‘My English isnt goad enough to talk to English people. 3 at some time in the past, you made an excuse not to do. 2. Know whratto say but | don’t know howto say it. 4 you think everyone has the right to do, or not to do, 3. She talks too quickly for me to understand, 5 you have to do this week. 4 When I'm reading, |use a dictionary to look up nearly you should do more often. ‘every word. 7 you must do while you're young, before it's too late! sortie how tse more pestngpracine 8 you're going to do in the next few days. 6 listen to tapes to get sening practice, but theyre 9 makes you feel good. 10 you've asked or told someone to do in the past 4 Complete the sentences, ‘They've invited me to dinner but | don’t know what time to arrive. (time/ arrive) 2. Iwant to go out and have some fun but | dorrt know ——— where 1go} or _ (what do). 3 I'm getting fat and rm just {busy/do) any exercise. 4 [need to find some (people/ practise) my English with 5 I'mstaying with a host family but I can’t use the (kitchen / cook) in, 6 Wehaven't been together (long/ get, married) yet: Ae Against the clock! 5 Set atime limit 1 In pairs find examples of these from ‘How to say no nicely’ (pp.48/ 101 /104) and ‘Looking at social rules’ (50) wi-ihow + infinitive Infinitive of purpose noun + infinitive main verb + infinitive adjective + infinitive aula + infinitive 2. Make true sentences with each of the patterns. how to meet people and make friends how to make successful ‘Remember Use ideas from tis Unit inyourtak, 2 In pairs, prepare words. Check in your dictionary. Speak out Preparing and giving a talk plain the importance of dng wel. Give campks eee invitations and penucae 1 Look at the titles of four ‘How to ...” iow . ay, articles. What do you think they will say? _oitbadly. saliniaiaenitteh staal Suggest as many ideas for each as you can IIS dioand the dase, ‘Think of ive to ten useful tips. Think ofan example atalk on one of the foetal alia way Make sure you use the right word topics, either seriously or humorously. cach is useful, form (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) ‘Use the plan on the right if you like. Use infitives correctytolinkthe 3 Work in different groups. Give your talk. End witha general pointie. BRAINPOWER ens Lear some communication repair strategies. Look at defining relative clauses for ‘giving more information + Practise developing your brainpower. *% People have en average vocabulary ‘of 30,000 words in their own language. % “ermodiate’ level leamers of foreign longuoge usvolly have © vocabulary of around 28,000 words “Before they start speaking ot the ‘oge of 10-15 months, dildren ‘already have a possive vocabulary ‘of at eost 200 words % Between the ages of 1 ond 5. 0 normal dild lwoms on cverege, ‘between 8 and 20 new words a dey 1 For leomers of @ foreign language, leoming list of words can be @ powerful tedmique: in one study, Fusion leomers sucessfully leamed 4108 new English wards in one go. Vocabulary tip Use word association. When you are learning a new word, find a word in English OR in your own language... + wiich looks or sounds similar + which is related in meaning or comes from the same topic area ‘The similarity can be very small itis often enough ifthe words begin with the same one or two letters, Speaking Test your memory 1 Test how good your memory is. In pairs, A turn to p.101 and give the test. B close your book and answer A’s questions 2 In groups, decide . 11 What types of question are therein the test? Which were the hardest for you? 2 Isthiskind of test useful? Vocabulary Word associations 1 Read the ‘Did you know ..? facts 1 Doany of them surprise you? 2. How many ways of learning new words can you think of n three minutes? 2. Look at how words are related. 1 What is the relation? Tick the correct columns each time have related | often occur | sound or meanings __| together _| look similar shortterm 7 short, medium, long I a major event dis, file, memory, store, erase | store, restore 6 older, forget, confused, brain cells 7 permanent, constant, allthe time 8 communication, connections, interconnections 2 Explain the meaning ofthe words in each group. 3 Can you add words/phrases to any ofthe groups short term memory 3 Learn five new words/phrases from this section using word association. Try to remember them at the end of the lesson.Listening Types of memory thinking peprescting ae 1. What kinds of memory are these? Put chem in the chart. Be ect emotions major events, e.g. your wedding remembering to buy bread reading sentences, the faces of friends and family Type of memory Examples of memories How long itlasts Short term memory few seconds Medium term memory 25 long 05 you need it Long term memory permanent [Eid Listen to Lynn and Mick. Check if you were right. 3. [Ed] What happens to your memory as you get older? Listen and check what Lynn says about these things. forget things learn new things get confused brain cells dying stop communicating balance movement 4 In pairs, describe one short, one medium, and one long term memory. body clock English in use Repair strategies 1 Listen again to Lynn and Mick. What communication problems do they have? Number them 1 to 4. Communication problems occur even when speaking your own can't remember the right word's) J language, caused by: accidentally uses the wrong word [7] noise or alstance: making It has trouble forming the sentence! [J diffcut to hear or understand doesn’t hear/understand o + time pressure or anxiety: making it difficult to organize your thoughts * memory fallure: forgetting the right word or not concentrating * complexity: what you want to say is difficult to say ‘You can repair these problems. 1 Lynn So some time later you buy bread, and when you've done it you don't need to restore, er to store that memory any longer 2. Mick Are there any .. are ... are any memories realy permanent? 3 Lynn... you start to get confused ‘Mick Sorry? Lynn You get confused, 4 Mick Interconnections? _.bynn__ Yeah can't remember the right word, but that’s the problem, 2 When do we use these repair strategies? 1 Say Sorry?” 3. Say er/um, then say the right word 2 Say ‘can’t remember/| don’t 4 Just stop, pause, and start again know the right word’, then suggest some possible words 3 Describe one of these. Can your partner guess what you are talking about? Use the repair strategies when you have problems. ajob amachine ‘a musical instrument a sportReading Communication problems 1 Look at the quote and the pictures. 1 What makes a good marriage? 2 What are the most comman problems that husbands and wives have? 2 This is an extract from a novel about a husband and wife. “The secret of a successful 1 Explain these phrases to your partner, marriage? Concentrate. You gotta PETALS And femnemner: my birthday challenging and triumphant have an aff an expression (on your face) everything she says.” eee 2 Read the extract. What exactly is the position with Mike, do you think? ‘When Philippa came in, Patrick was loking “You don't remember. do you” ‘Oh that. Look, ve said Tm sory. atthe TV. twas a game show. “well. 'm sor’ ‘Infact. as fr as you know, [might behaving "HLT back’ “The roubles: said Philippa, "that youre an affalr with him. ‘Ob, Hi, he said, just not interested in anything do, ‘Silence. Then, Ae you" he said ‘Soarent you going to ask me whereIve “Tam: ‘She loked a him ina challenging and been? said Philipa, ‘You've met Mike terumphant soe of way, He looked at hee with ‘sory? “well Lean be expected to emember all a strangely empty expression which very Te just been out. Don't you want toknow your fiends’ slowly removed all the colour and anges where ve beer ‘ll my fiends! ve boen working with Mike from his face unt looked Tike an over “Oh, sorry lve Yes. ofcourse. Where have forthe last year. He's the one ven 0 Dated ota, you been?” ‘Munich with “Well, think that's the question you have vo saw Mike ‘Ohyes decide ‘Mike ‘And the ane wh remembered my birthday’ “Sorry” he sald. And turned of the television 3 What advice would you give to Patrick /to Philippa? Defining relative clauses 1 Complete these sentences so they are true for you. “Recognizing relative clauses 1 When was younger, wanted tomarry someone Who... Relative causes gve you information 2 | dat want to marry anyone who + about nouns. They're major events that 3 1know alot of people that happen in your life 4 ike stories which + about pronouns. Its something that | don't 5 I don't like films which want to remember. 6 The best kind of relationship is one that They usually begin with a relative pronoun (who/ that? which, etc) 2 Compate in pairs. Underline the relative clauses. + who is only used for people. in your sentences. Ike people who do unusual things 3 Complete the rules and examples + that's used fr things, evens, feelings, animals, and sometimes people For people, use or its something that | don't wont to remember Isn't that the guy works in the Joyce café? + which is used for things, events, feelings, animals, etc., For things/feelings/events etc. use ___ or a rsanie ena lertven caer \s there anything would make her happy? {saw something looked lke a small elephant.4 Look at how we use relative pronouns. 1 Find the two parts of the sentence. Underline the relative clauses, 1 Long-term memory is lke a fle/which stores your ‘most important memories. 2 Its a story about a woman who wented to divorce her husband, 3 There's a road that goes up the hilland behind the wood. 4 The problems that they're having are very common. 5 Can you tell me the three words which | gave you earlier? 6 There's a particular smell always associate with my grandmother's house. 7 I-can remember his voice, but {can’t remember anything he's said! 8 (ve forgotten a lot about the event, and the things | ddo remember are all confused 2 Look at relative clauses 1 to 8 again. Which ..? + have a relative pronoun? + don't have a relative pronoun? + need a relative pronoun to make sense? + dont need a relative pronoun? Using relative clauses Relative clauses always follow amain clause. They bath need a subject ‘Main clause Relative clause remember people... who talk to me remember things which are important to me. | remember things (which) enjoy. |emember people {who} I spend time with lithe relative clause doesrrt have its own subject, you ‘must use a relative pronoun. remember people ... who talk to me. NOT... bemmornbor- people tallies BUT Ifthe relative clause already has its own subject (pronoun or noun), you dorrt need to use a relative pronoun. | remember things | enjoy. which | enjoy. ‘A against the clock! 5 Seta time limit In pairs, complete with sho, that, or which. IF the relative pronoun is not necessary, put it in (brackets) 1 Remember everything that) you can about your frst class at school as a child: the people, the room, the event 2 Draw a picture of something small you use regularly, for example, a bank note or a key. How many details can you put on it? 3 Think of a place you constanty go to, Remember five different detalls about it 4 Remember the face of someone you've ‘only known fora short time. How many details can you describe e.g. eyes hair, etc)? 5 Think of three problems ‘married people at some time. happen to most 6 Describe something personal is constantly in your memory, such as one of your parents! faces. 7. Name something everyday always remember. 8 Remember someone has talked to you today. What do you remember about thelr voice? you can 6 Now relax. Write two more tasks. Use a relative clause in each one. 7 Close your books. In new pairs, ask your partner to do.as many tasks as you can remember. 8 Remember a scene ftom early childhood. Think about where it was/ when it happened /who was there /what happened how you felt, and why. 1 Plan your description. Try to use at least five relative clauses. 2 Describe ito your partner. Speak out Memory competition 41. Work in fours: Pair A and Pair B. Remember + As you study the picture/story, ‘think about ways of remembering details for later. 2 + Use communication repair strategies as you describe and tll + Try to use relative clauses 3 accurately Pair A turn to p.101. Look at the picture for two minutes. Pair B turn top.104. Look atthe story for two minutes. Exchange information, Pair A describe the picture to Pair B for three minutes. Pair B draw the picture. Pair B tell the story to Pair A for three minutes. Pair A write the events in order. How many details did you remember? Write the number at the top of your paper. Which team remembered most? BRAINP 55EZ ea) GIVING IMPRESSIONS + Lear about words for things in general (thing /stuff/people lke that + Look at that clauses for expressing opinions and feelings, + Practise using words with dependent prepositions. When a man sits with a pretty girl for an hour, ft semis like 2 minute But let him sit on a hot stove for a minute, and s longer than any hour. That's relativity. Albert Einstein Speaking Admirable people 1 Think of someone you admire. Tell your partner why. 2 What kind of people do you most admire? Explain your cop three. + entrepreneurs: people who stat out poor and make themselves rich + people who help other people: e.g. nurses, aid workers, teachers + great sports people: who push back the limits of what is humanly possible + people who make a diference: political, to national success, to world peace + people who revolutionize science and thought + rebels who fight against the system (who are often only recognized later} Listening Listening for information 1 Puc these words into chree groups: School, Seienee, People. Underline the stress. lazy (rather) slow fascinated (by) the school system acompass a patent office theories punish earnby rote gotolectures revolutionize, 2. In groups, look at the pictures and text. 1. What cifferent sides of Albert Einstein's character do they show? 2 Which group can answer the most questions in three minutes? ‘a. What is Einstein famous for? d- Where did he study? b Where was Einstein from? Was he a successful student? © What was he lke as a chile? 1 Where did he work? 3 Listen to an extract from a radio programme about Einstein, 1 Tick the questions it answers from ex 2 above. 2 Listen again with the Tapescript (0.110). Check your answers to questions ato. Underline more details for each 4 Look at the phrases. Guess four things about Einstein’s personal life. Listen and check, pregnant many give birth to have an affair 5 In groups, what do you think? 1 What’ your opinion of Einstein now? 2 What standards of behaviour do you expect from the people you admire?English in use Giving general impressions 1 Look again at these expressions froin [EZ] 1 Give examples forthe wordsin bold 11, He was lazy at things he wasn't interested in, .. things = school subjects 2 children were punished forgiving the wrong things ke that= answer and things like that 3 he was fascinated by the way the compass all that stuf = always pointed north ~ he was deeply “interested inal hat stuff "out then fe had to goto school and learn things = _ things by rote 2 [i] Aisten and repeat. Copy the intonation ig about ‘things in general’ Use things/stuff/people like that), etc. to give a general impression. + When you can't be specic, or don't want to be. He was lazy at things he wasnt interested in, ; + Totalk about a group of similar things. We usually add these expressions \ } onto the end of sentences They were punished forgiving the wrong answer and things like that. ‘1m not really interested in ort and ail that stuff/and stuff like that. 4 We can also use other general ‘group names’, e.g. people animals) sports /music, etc. %) She dic’ ike visiting people she didnt know. lm not keen on small dogs; ike St Bernards and dogs lke that. 2 Finish the seatements using the words in the box. places «7 IKe scientists, and artists, .. and people ke chat games 2 hate footbal, and rugby, People 3 like visting churches, andar galleries, things 4 mnot realy interested in imports and exports, and banking, 5 [like music and clothes, but haven't got time for pop stars, and models, {6 What! like about Christmas Is the family, and food, and presents, 3 Tell your partner three things you like and three things you dislike. 4 Which word comes next, and or of? Explain why. 1 Ive got some really old music: Motown, rock and rol. and 2 haven't got any furniture, saucepans, 3. Ive got some really nice party clothes: short sits, sik tops, 4 Ihaven't gat any furs, expensive jewellery, 5 Ivestil got some of my old toys: trains, a teddy bear, 6 Ive got a word processing programme, but! haven't got any games Use general expressions after ‘end/or like this: land. ors. Stull (ike that) stuff ke that) fhings ike thal) anything (ike that) soon 5 Finish sentences 1 co 6 in ex.4. Use general expressions 6 Say two or three things you have /haven’e got in these categories. music clothes technology photographs household stuff videos books ornaments jewellery _things from your past ESCAR CRASH MADE SALESMAN 'TOO NICE’ FOR JOB By Luke Harding ‘talented and aggressive’ insurance salesman lost his Job because a road accident left him with a much nicer personality, the High Court heard yesterday, Vocabulary Dependent prepositions 1 Choose the correct ending, a or b. 1. My brother is married ‘a woman called Jenny. 2 My brother married toa woman called Jenny. 3. Hemet her ata party 4 He was introduced toher ata party 5 Hewas very interested by her. 6 He was fascinated in her. 7 Afriend gave tohim 8 A friend gave her number him her number. 9 Andhe talked 10 And he phoned 11 A couple of weeks later, he proposed 12. Acouple of weeks later, he asked 18 They visited 14 They went 15 But when they arrived 16 But when they got 17 she tellin love 18 she was attracted 19 and two days later, she ran 20 and two days later, she went off her a few days later to her a few days later. her to marry him toher ‘to Rome for their honeymoon. Rome for their honeymoon, to their hotel at their hotel with one of the waiters to one of the walters away with him, with hie, 2 Mi Against the clock! Use the phrases in bold from ex.1, Make as many true sentences as you can in five minutes. Reading Winning personalit 1 What personal characteristics are necessary to be successful ..? + asa ... salesman judge/scientist/teacher + im your occupation ies 2 In pairs, read the newspaper article. What was Charles Cornell like ..? + beforethe accident + ater the accident Charles Comell, 31, was a backseat for a good salesman’ Since the passenger when the driver fell asleep accident, he had become ‘a much nicer and crashed on the M11 near Theydon personality’, But while his family and Boisin Essex.Cornell suffered head and friends found that he was kinder, less arm injuries aggressive, more generous, and ‘nicer His employers told the court that, tbe around’ to his employers he was previously, he had had the talent, ‘00 nice’ and had lost the aggression stamina, capacity for hard work, and needed for the job, aggressiveness which are necessary 58 EXE 3. What do you think? 1 What kindof job could Charles Cornell do now? 2 your personality became the opposite of what it is now, what occupation would you do?sing that clauses Do you agree? Tick or cross the boxes. ‘can’t be both successful and nice. g ope usvallyhave o choose between professional — [=] ess and ther personal if. “ere are many different kinds of success not al of] them are professional. Tithe end, only money and power really matte. ] Ttisr’t posible tobe rich and til hae real frends.) le oO ‘Your family isthe most Important thing in life. 77 Every successful person stands on thelr family's shoulders. 18 Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 2 In pairs, choose three statements. Use these sentence starters to compare your opinions, | agree that | don't agree that | think that | don't think that Expressing opi Using think I think I think you can be both successful and nice, but i's very difficult Idon't think... I don't think you can be both successful and nice. ‘We usually use an affirmative sentence after | chink/I don’t {Rink NOT Hhiakeysinccntbe ‘Other verbs Istrongly believe (that) Ican't believe (that) Vadmit that)... but Adjectives 'm sure (that) Its obvious that Is not true that Its ridiculous to say that Nouns fsa fact that Isa complete myth that The idea that... is simply wrong. | don't lke the idea that 3 i Liscen and repeat, Copy the intonation, 4 Say something about opinions 1 t0 8 from ex-1 Use phrases from the Expressing opinions box. 1 don't think its possible to be rich and sil have friends. Change pairs. Cover your book. Compare your opinions from memory. that clauses Reporting sentences contain two clauses. ‘Comment clause that clause {don't think (that) Einstein was ever lazy. Iwas really shocked that Einstein was so horrible to his wife, ‘There's this idea that Einstein was a lazy child. Many verbs, adjectives, and nouns can take a that clause. Verb | don't think (that) Adjective was realy shocked that Noun There's thisidea that that s optional with many adjectives and verbs (eg. admity blieve/think/be sure/be obvious decide promise/realz) it's obvious that Ry obvious mt | peoplehve sol ends Against the clock! $ Seta time limit In pairs, finish all the comments in the box below. 1 hope that my English will improve ‘More expressions with that Verbs My parents always said that hope that Teachers often suggested that Adjectives ''m disappointed that ''m proud that Most people are afraid that t's worrying that Nouns Its an unpleasant fact that ‘There's a common belief that It's a shame that Remember + Include general expressions tke thing/tut!‘people anything, et. + Use words with their correct dependent prepositions. + Use expressions with that. Speak out Talking about people who matter 1 Add two people to the Hall of Heroes. They can be alive or dead, famous or unknown, special to the world or just to you. Think about why you chose them: + thelrachievernents + their personal qualities + the difference they made to other people 2 In groups, describe your two people. Persuade the group to vote for them. Compare how you vored with the class.Speaking Lp rence sseneon Adventure TERE ya | 1 What happenin is eects 2 In pas inane someone calls you and says, ‘Meet me in...” Where would you most like to go? Why? Vocabulary Word combinations minutes. Who has the most? 1 ME Against the clock! In groups, continue these lists for five ad In April fel the urge to lear my head among the mountains. rom Sydney, I called my wife and told her, firmly, to m ‘in Nepal "cant! lizabeth said Aisptted voice. Her favourite aunt was having her nineieth birthday party in Boston ‘The olfe's open. I said. ‘Call me f you change your mind. ve changed it’ Brace natin Places Things Events People Plane travel | airport suitcases | you checkin. | passengers et A nye 2 2 Read Megan’s postcard. Where is she? What happened? service oppaling Then cvriad 3 What travel problems do these words refer to? to Vidvetck wih engine 1 delayed= fight 2 appaling 3 diverted 4 closed 5 lack 6 late treable Terminal bulge | J all ced; sovare lack of jo 4 Read about Megan's return fight. information Toushad doom at |Z” 1 Complete sentences 1 to 10, Use these words. Bangick 3 hows tte! Thon Soe. came EE ee es e 1 al 1 We checked ont. the fightin good time. Gece fh 2 But we were delayed due —— engine trouble. ei eat 3 We got the plane two hours late ee 4 And we eventually took: —— 2.00 p.m. five hours late. aaa 5 utthen we were diverted eh. Te Wer todas 6 There was a sever lack information ‘Most people usually remember storie. 7 When welanded, we algot_ = ___the plan. + Unk new words together into a & They made surethatnoone was ____ board ee Se were 9 because ——_ the danger of fire, eee ee 10 We eventually touched in London seven hours late. Learn a group of new words from a story someone tells you 2 Cover the endings of sentences 1 to 10. Explain the problems on the flight.= ya_hours int flight — diverted to fihars/ ——problans with the engines — a arrive—in fthens Left for - S58 wins-on-plane— + eraiy taken” off before passengers baited A wins in ars ~—terninal = ne information — * papserggrs refuse be get back of same plane = nes_checking onto Peach airline te Gataiek + betsl delay 4 hours GInnees You can use these phrases to do jobs in conversations. * Use question tags (aren’t yous they?) to encourage someone to tell you a bit more about ‘something you already know. + Use Well, ... (OK, ... Right, Now, ... to start a series of questions, or to start a new topic. * Use And/So ...? to pick up on what someone has just said, Listening Complaining 1 Dean travelled home from Tel Aviv, Israel, co Gatwick, UK. Look at his notes. Say what happened. 2 Ei tisten to Dean, 1 Onis notes tckthe events of the journey as you hear them, 2 Listen again. What are the main things he complains about? 3 Have you experienced travel delays? Describe a trip that you remember well, English in use Controlling conversations 1 Listen to an extract from the interview. Notice the phrases in bold. Interviewer 1 Well, eventually, Dean, you took off 17 hours late, which is quite rs a delay 2 isn't it? s - Dean That's right. 17 hours late, and then we were told that we'd have “conan to divert t0 Athens, Interviewer * So you touched down in Athens, " What happened then? Dean ‘We were then told that we weren't allowed to leave the plane we were given really ng information at all for about 40 minutes Interviewer © Now, © is it right that at one point the passengers actually Phrase Job. Isn't 2 asks Dean to say more about something obvious starts the interview ‘picks up’ on what Dean is saying = stops Dean talking about one topic and starts anew one asks an open question asks if something is true 3 Listen and repeat the ‘controlling phrases’. Copy the intonation. 4 How well do you know your partner? Ask about these topics. Use ‘controlling phrases’ from the box. Ine/stayattnemanent- WOrk/ study thifik Of this town/city _ splaces you've been toRe Travel broadens the mind. Don't travel to escape from your problems = they'l still be there when you get back Most people travel for a reason but few people know what it i. Traveling makes you more indeaencent Travel is glamorous only in retrospect. My name is Sumita. 1 was brought ‘up in Bhor, near Bombay, I was tought to respect my parents and to do what I was told. When I wos 12, we were sent to Cambridge by my father’s computer compory. 1 wos made to feel very ifferent from the other children at my school and | become very siy. Everyone seemed to be more independent than | ‘yas. | had never expressed an opinion ‘contrary to my mother’ or father’, | had ‘never even said ‘no’ to them ~ I did not know how to But when I was 17,1 fell in love with Dove. He was 19 ond we tolked about getting married, It hod clways been The passive 1 Compate two versions of Reading Journey of discovery 1 Which of these opinions about travel do you agree /disagree with? 2 Complete these phrases. opinion up arranged responsibility 1 respect my parents 2 expressan 3 an marriage 4a girl sweating shy make 5 travel the coast 6 achoice 7 accept 8 ___inthe heat 3 Now read about a Hindu girl called Sumita. Decide in pairs .. 1 What was Sumita lke at the beginning? How did she change? 2 Think of a good title fr the story. understood that my morriage would be ranged for me when finished school at 18, so when Dave and I were found out, ‘my father sci that I hod to retum to Bhor to mony Prakesh Kumar, the man who hhad been chosen for me. Dove ond 1 ran away. He had some money and we spent two weeks travelling up the coast from town to town. The weather wos hot We lay sweating on soft beds with the windows wide open. We ate fish ond chips, and rank beer. | made choices. (One morring, Dave telephoned his forily tnd he become quiet. The next doy, he Said we had to go back. We orgued. He soid he could not accept the responsibility hod no money of my awn so telephoned my parents and we both retuned, My father vas angry but polite, ‘De you love Dave?” he asked ‘me. ‘No,'I replied, twos the excitement | hod loved. My fother ‘asked me to retum to Bhor cand marry Prokesh Kamar | s0id no, 4 Look again at the opinions about travel above. Which ones are true for Sumita? Version 1 r ‘Sumita’s story. 11 Underline the differences, How many can you find? 2 Dothey change the events cof the story? 3 Do they change your understanding of Suita and her family? My name is Sumit. 1 wos brought up inBhor near Bomboy wos toughe to respect, my porents end to do whot | wee told When as 12, we were sent to Cambridge by my fathers comptercompany. Ie hed always been understood that my rmarrioge wot be aronge forme when finshed sdhool at 18, so when Dave and I wore found out: my father sod hat had to return to Bhor to mony Prokesh Kur the ‘nan wo hoe been chosen for me OS Version 2 r ‘My name is Sumita. | grew up in Bhor, near Bornbay. 1 leamed to respect ‘my porents and to do what they told me. ‘When I »wos 12, we moved to Combridge for my father’ work. [My family had olwoys wanted to arrange ‘my mariage for me when 1 finished sthool at 18, so when my father found ‘out about Dave and me, he soid that | had to retum to Bhor to marry Prakash Kamar the man they hod chosen for me.Do you needto know what caused these events? 1 | was made to feel diferent from the other children, 2 Dave and I were found out, 3 Prakesh Kumar fwas) the man who had been chosen forme. 3 Tick experiences /opinions which are true for you, 1 I've been delayed several times by public transport, 2 I've been robbed in the past. I've been injured and gone to hospital. 4 [was taught really well at school: I found most subjects really interesting. 5 I want to be corrected every time I make a mistake with my English, 6 I was born in a hospital 7 Td like my marriage to be arranged by people who care about us. 8 In my family, we always had to do what we were told. 9 Lwas punished quite a lot as a child because was very naughty! 10 Women aren't given the same rights and ‘opportunities as men in my country. 4 In 1 to 10 above, highlight the passive phrase. Underline the past participle. Circle the be part. When | was at cho to be a genius. ‘Alive v, passive ‘There are often two ways of describing an experience. + The active voice describes what you do to the world and to yourself. It suggests that you make a choice. ‘aren up in Bhar. ((ecmed to respect my parents anc todo what they id me. + The passive voice describes what the world does to ‘you. t suggests lack of choice, f'was brought up in Bhor. | was taught to respect my parents and to do what | was told. Using the passive The passive is a way to avoid saying the cause of events, when we don't need to know want to say. We use it: + when itsnot relevant or when we don't know who dit ur bags were inspected before we went n. + tobe tactful Mistakes have been made, Recognizing the passive The passive has two parts. Verb be Past participle Iwas considered) My mariage would be arranged Have you ever been robbed to bea genius. forme, the past? § Practise asking with the passive 1 Make questions from experiences opinions 1 to 10, Have you ever been delayed by public transport? Were you taught well when you were at schoo? 2. Ask your questions round the class. Find one person. who says ‘yes’ for each. 6 In pairs, choose two sentences which are true for your partner, and interesting to you. Find out as ‘much as you can about them. Speak out Interviews Remember * Use avariety of expressions for describing travel * Use the passive to describe things that happened to you. + Try to practise techniques for controling conversations. — 1. What has changed you? 1 Think ofan adventure or a journey or an important stage of your ie. 2. Remember the main events. Make notes for fve minutes. 2. In pairs or groups, talk about your experiences. 1 Take turns to describe. Try not to read from your notes. 2 Ask questions, Find outif people changed. How do they fee! about i? NSS =]Speaking Practise recognizing and using expressions for speculating, Dreams explaining, and dsagrecn Uookathowe we ronisenting | 1 TRE Picture shows a scene relative clauses for adding comments and explanations. Learn vocabulary for deseribing belief and chance. from a dream. Think of a good explanation for the dream. 2 Do dreams have meanings? Why do you think so? Vocabulary Belief and chance 1 Read the text. What is he talking about? 2 Match words phrases 1 to 6 from the text with the definitions a to £ a by coincidence 'b with no system or method [_] on ea Perce it's impossible to understand (_] mysterious o Pee ishappening Cl ¢ powers o eer ae SL heir 3 Whar are the chances of these events happening? Porras eres There's a good chance of it happening. It might happen but it's not very likely. ''ve heard of something like this happening. Pepe It's happened to me. No chance! 1 You're thinking of phoning an old friend you haven't spoken to for months. That same day, he/she rings you. ‘You suddenly feel that something terrible has happened. Later, you find out that at exactly the same moment, a close friend had an accident thousands of = rmiles away. ip ern taccerateat 3. You dial a number at random and get through to someone you know. a conversation reading an arte, 4 You win £25,600 on the National Lottery just when you need it most write down athe vocabulary you 5. You shout for rain when you need it and it rans. didn't know. include: 6 You're abroad on holiday with your wite/husband/gifriend boyfriend, and new words their previous lover is staying at the same hotel, alone, by chance! new phrases word combinations 4 Say these words aloud. accident happen power believe Remember key words as you go impossible random coincidence likely through each section ofthis Unit. terrible forces mysterious: understand At the end, recall the vocabulary ues eas 1 Choose the correct stress pattern: @e 0@ @ee ° 2 [Biusten, check, and epeatListening Explanations 1 Listen. Complete the definitions. 1 the Guilin Mountains aplace in 2 residents people who 3 yell to shout very 4 apool 2 small area of 2 Listen again. Can you explain the strange phenomenon? 3 [BB] Listen to Clare and Andy. 1 What strange event are they arguing about? 2 Who is the sceptic? Who is the believer? 4 Listen again, Who says these? Write Andy (A) ot Clare (C) 1 it’s not just coincidence 2 just dont think that there's anything strange going on 3-how do they know it was ‘at the very same moment’ 4 itcould be pure chance 5 6 it may be that there's some force that connects people strange things happen by chance sometimes anyway Qa Qg oO oO oO $ In pairs, look at the Tapescript on p.110. 1 Summarize a) what Clare believes, b) what Aridy believes. 2 Whose point of view do you agree with most? Why? English in use Speculating, explaining, disagreeing 1 Clare and Andy use these phrases. Translate them. It could be pure chance Itmay be that there's some force that connects people Use could be may be to express possible explanations. ‘could! may be +noun coincidence “+ conjunction because of spirits that the air fs full + that of water, and when you shout 2. Practise speculating. How do you think this story originated? Use the ‘speculating? phrases in the box Listen out for ‘signposting’ expressions when someone is explaining something. ~ Well, you see, and mean show that we are about to explain something (again). ~ fim Gust) saying (that) or 'm not saying (that) show that ‘we are going to say something in a different/clearer way. 3 [Zi Listen again to Clare and Andy. Complete the gaps. ‘Andy Well _ I mean, its very unusual, but you 2____ I just don't think that there's anything strange going on Andy 13, if we do have these powers, then . Clare I'm not * ‘understand it but it may be that there's some force that connects people .. ‘Andy I'm "saying that it’s not very likely.You can hear when someone is going to disagree by recognizing ‘expressions like But ., Look ..., Vim sorry ..., ts just that .... and just don’t (see/understand). But wy can't it be something else? Look, m sorry. It's just that I don't believe that we have strange powers {Just don't see why we need to Invent mysterious powers your girlfriend/ boyfriend ... — rings to say sfhe can‘t meet you. 4 [ZB] Listen to how Andy and Clare disagree. Notice the expressions in bold in the Disagreeing box. 5 [Ei Listen and repeat. Copy the intonation. 6 What do you say to someone who says this? I've won £7.50 and £10 on the National Lottery so far. It was raining both times. Obviously, there's a connection. Rain brings good luck to the fields and the plants and so on, soit probably brings good luck to me too. So now 1'm only going to play when it’ raining and I'm sure I'l win a lot more. 1 Think of three things you could say. Use the expressions from this section, 2 Inppair, roleplay a conversation with this person. Then swap. Reading Difficult situations 1. How suspicious are you? 1 Put yourself inthis situation, Answer Yes or No each time. calls you at 12.30 am. to say she loves you. Do you believe him/her? ‘Are you suspicious? ~ says she has to have dinner with his her parents. - Do you believe him/her? says the "someone else’ was a cousin: his/her parents were talking to friends at another table. Do you believe him/her? says you can’t come round now because sfhe has a headache. Do you believe him / her? ~ isseen in a restaurant with someone else. ‘Are you suspicious? - — isn’t at home when you ring at midnight. ‘Are you suspicious? hhim in a phone box talking to @ ‘woman called Sue, she wos suspicious. Would you be? Read what happened. Sue Homlton was working alone in her office when the fax machine broke down. Unable to fix it, she decided to call her colleague, Jason Pegler, whe had set off home o little 2 Compare in groups. Who is the most suspicious? Who isthe most trusting? 2. Look at a true story from a magazine. 1. Where would you expectto find these? afax machine aphone box anotice board an employee number 2. Read ‘Wrong number’. Underline the strange events, 3 Cover the text. From memory, explain what was strange. 3. Whar would Jason say to Helen? What would Helen say to Jason? Roleplay their conversation. eorlier Finding his home number on the notice boord, she called him and began to explain the problem. But Jason quickly stopped her. ''m not at hame', he explained "1 just happened to be wolking past this phone box when it rang, and Lanswered i!” a ETE “The number Sue found on the notice board was not Jason's phone number at all. It wos. Fis emplayee number, which was the same fs the number of the phone box he wos ‘walking past when she calle,Non-identifying relative clauses Norvdentifying relative clauses are a way of adding to sentences. They usually begin with which, who, or where + They add opinions. She thinks its some kind of mysterious power, which I think is stupid. + They add more deta She called her colleague, Jason, who had set off home| alittle earlier. group of pools called the Mysterious Lakes, where| the air is hot and wet Ineveryday speech, they often come at the end of sentences. They are a way of ‘adding on’ extra bits and pieces as you think of them. In writing, and in organized/ prepared speech, they often come in the middle of sentences. 1 Look at ‘Wrong number’ on p.66 again. 1 Underline the two non-identitying relative clauses 2 Complete this version with non-identifying relative clauses. ‘Sue wos working ote one evening, There wos a problem withthe fax machine, —__________, so she. decided toring Jason, who hod already gone home, She rang his home number, oson answered it ‘ond 2 These words come from two newspaper articles. 11 What are they about, do you think? A Jim Fitzgerald of B Loch Ness Kilburn, London myth National Lottery whales and dolphins birthplace in ireland 2 Inpairs, A turn to p.101, B top. 104. Read and memorize your text 3. Close your books. A dictate your text to B from memory. Then swap. 4 Now check with the texts. Find four nonidentiying relative clauses. 3 In pairs, read chese situations, Think of possible explanations. Use a relative clause in each one. 1 After a family meal, everyone is very sick and has to go to hospital ~ except the person who cooked it. 2 Pedro's waiting forthe lift. IL arrves, the door opens, and his wife is inside, in the arms of another man. 3 You have just left the office. The security alarm goes off, You go backin to turn tof. The boss is sitting on his desk wearing only his underwear 4 Which pair has the best explanations? Remember Practise vocabulary for expressing belie disbelief and coincidence. Speak out Difficult explanations 1 In pairs, A curn co p.102, B to p.104. + Try to include and recognize expressions for speculating, explaining, and cisagreeing. + Use relative clauses accurately for adding comments and explanations. Situation 1 Ais the parent / Bis the child. Roleplay an explanation. Situation 2 As the wife / is the husband. Roleplay a coincidence. 2. In situations like this. 1. Are you more often a sceptic or a believer? 2 Who in the group is the most least sceptical? lary challenge! ‘you remember? n each section, “write all the new words, phrases, ‘word combinations that you remember from this Unit. Vocabulary [Listening [English in use [Reading [Grammar Speak out ‘atrandom |yell it could be... |fox machine |myth jealous LCasei WHAT WE WANT es * Talk about how you spend your time, and what you enjoy. + Look at diferent uses of -ing forms. * Practise making requests. ict esas very enjoyable oa @ \ } unnecessary nat enjoyable 5 ark Pare 2: The Happiness Factor In this, the second of our series on ‘aking control of our lives, we print a election of readere! anowers to the ‘question, What makes you happy!” ooder' Replies celaiis us Speaking Enjoyment 1 Finish this sentence: Right now, Pd really like to be ..(-ing). 2. How much do you enjoy your life? Look at the activities below. at home Out andabout free time doing homework shopping for food reading cooking taking children to schoo! playing football sleeping taking the dog fora walk going for walks repairing the car going to evening classes visiting friends in your occupation _ general life working at a computer talking to strangers writing talking to family having meetings ‘smoking/drinking doing accounts traveling hurrying/ waiting 1 Cross out the things you don't do or hardly ever do. 2 In ive minutes, for each heading, list all the activities that you often do. 3. Now choose the ten activities you spend most of your time doing. Put ten dots to represent them an a ‘Life enjoyment” chart like this. 4 Im pairs, look at your charts. Who has the most enjoyable ife, and why? Reading Getting what we want 1 In pairs, read the beginning of a magazine feature. 1 What isthe feature about this week? 2 What answers do you expect from the readers? Make fve suggestions, 2 In pairs, A rusn to p.102, B to p.105, Read che Readers’ Replies Complete the table. 3. Remember the information in the table. 1 Tell your partner about the Replies you read. 2 Read your partner's Replies. Do you agree with thern? If not, why not?Using -ing 1 Do you agree with chese comments? 1 Cooking areal relaxing thing odo inthe evening 2 | doit want to have a baby - | coud stand the ergng > baie ding wat yu wort 4 Ifyou don't lke something, avoid doing it. 2 Look at the Language box below. Underline examples in comments 1 to 4 above. Then in pairs, make your own comments about cooking, babies, and making decisions, Four uses of the ing form 1 Asan adjective usually describing the effect something has on you) What’ the most frightening experience you've had? 2 As the subjector object ofa verb Standing ten feet away fram a white rhino is scary. ‘don't ke visiting people much. 3 Alter prepositions Going with someone is very afferent from traveling on your own, 4 Alter some verbs, e.g. avid, mind, recommend, risk, spend, suggest, believe Jthink youl be hoppy if you can ovoid arguing {spent three days repairing the cor. -ing forms as adjectives and subjects 3 Complete sentences 1 to 8. Use adjectives from the box. amusing entertaining irritating boring exciting terrifying comforting exhausting understanding confusing frightening worrying embarrassing frustrating _interesting 1 Everyday activities ike cooking and washing are ‘boring if you do them by yourself Monster fs like ‘Godda’ are Learning a new language can be My gifriendlooyfriendiwiferhusband is Not having enough money can be find work very. Travelling abroad is usually Visiting people is often 4 Make sentences with two adjectives you didn’t use, -ing forms after prepositions $ Match these sentences with a or b. Explain the difference. I dream of being rich a 2 Idream ofus being rich. _b Just me. 3 Iworry about driving don’t like driving. 4_|worry about him driving _b_He drives so fast 5 a b ‘My husband and me. Toften com Twork late, working late. ‘She works late. 6 often complain about her working late 7 imfed up with smoking a I smoke too much 8 Vim fed up with him smoking. b He smokes too much, jain about 6 Finish these sentences so they are true for you. Use an ~ing form. 1 Loften dream of 2 | sometimes worry about 3 Igetalot of pleasure from 4: Imbored with 5 I do sometimes get fed up with 6 rn really looking forward to .. 7 think Im capable of -ing forms after verbs 7 Are these good /bad advice for you at the moment? 1 Atalltimes, avoid doing things you don't enjoy. 2 Consider changing your career. 3. You must risk losing some things you enjoy in order to getother things. 4 Spend more time having fun, 5 | recommend prioritizing: decide which things are most imortant to you. in English, these verbs are often folowed by + anoun We avoided the discussion, + an-ing form We avoided talking about it avoid consider delay imagine keep (on} mind recommend — risk spend suggest 8 What follows these verbs in your language? 9 In groups, practise giving advice. 1 On your own, write on a piece of paper three things you want from life that you haver't already got. Give the papers to another group. 2. Read the papers and agree on what advice you would ive. Use at least two sing forms AT WE WANT maWe use Can I ..? for smaller requests/ with people we know well Can .. use the phone? We use Could I... for larger requests/ with people we don’t know so well. Could |... use yourloo? We use Could you ...? when ‘we want the other person to do something. Could you... say that again? We often give a reason/ comment to make our request sound ‘softer’. Can | use the phone? Ihave to call ataxi We often introduce a request with Ym sorry, I'm sorry, could | use the phone? res 1A eda See are sr shen eee pele Oe eae Bale me aa English in use Making requests 1 Do the Questionnaire, Compare answers. * You're stl hungry and there's more food onthe table * You realize you need to make aphone cal. * You're cola. You're not siting near the fre. + You don‘ drink. Everyone's having wine Questionnaire: Hospitality rules Imagine you're visiting acquaintances. What do you do in these situations? * Youneed a clgarette but no one else 'ssmoking There's no juice or water on the table, “Your glass sempty and youwant _—_* You suddenly feel aizzy, anda bit sick. ancther drink * You didnt hear what someone said + Youwant to go tothe oo. 2 Imagine you are visiting someone in Britain. 11 What would you say in the situations above? Use Can/Could | ..? and Could you ...? 2 What answers would you expect? 3 GE Listen to some requests 1 How do they pronounce Can.?and Could? 2 Lstenagan and repeat. Copy the intonation, 4 Imagine you are staying with a British family. Make requests. + You want someone to phone the station for you to ask about trains to + You don’t want to have breakfast anymore. + You want to understand a strange éritish custom or phrase (think of one}. + You want to have a friend from home to stay for a weekend, Listening Asking a favour 1. Me Against the clock! In pairs, skim the extract froma TV magazine in five minutes. 1 What channels are listed? 2 How many fiction programmes are listed, e.g. films, dramas ..? ‘3. Why is there a number atthe end of each programme listing? 4 Find one programme you would lke to watch, 5 Find one programme that would be good for your English roe Channel 5 SPORT 5.55pm Animal Minds 8.00pm The Real Albert ‘7.00pm From Jesus to Christ SKY SPORTS + ‘re dolphins intligent? The fist of a Einstein Latin the series about the rise 3.00pm Football - Live tvee-part documentary series about the A profile of the famous of Chtianity, 5386920 Cup Final Kick-off 4.00pm Inceligence of animals. 144974 Scents. 2557 Followed by 5 News Update rarer 6.45pm Star Tek: Voyager 9.00pm Hostage 8.00pm Aftican Safari 6.30pm Football - Live ‘Scifi rama series. Voyager responds Second ina three-part “Wage senes, Tonight the coverage of one of the to a dstess cal from an allen ship. ocumentary series looking at fon population of Etosha in Weekend's matches in Spains 265746 the Beiut hostage css. This Primera Liga Bots5: 7.30pm The Money Programme week, the ran Contra deal Namibia (Rel) 5362340 395m Unbelievable Sports Busines and finance magazine. 307 #231520 9.00PM FILA Bird on a Wire “°F 5553 8.00pm A History of Alternative 10.15pm Johnny meets Comey theiler (105 mins, 9.00pm American Football - Comedy ‘Madonna 1990) Staring: Me} Gibson, Live Tonight, the new wave of Bish Johnny Vaughan inteniews Golfe Hawn and David Coverage of the second NFL. comedians in the 20s. 7611 superstarMaconaa, 2720 Carradine 972069 Championship match. 52291 17 WHAT WE WANTdo the -ing is used for jobs /duties. _g0 -ing is used for. We don't tend to use go/do with ‘passive’ or indoor activities (reading, watching TV, playing music). Note For negative requests we just add not. Could you not ..? The stress Is on not. We tend to use if you could. (often with then just) later in a series of requests, ‘and then, if you could just | offered to do the washing.up. free-time outdoor or active activities (picnicking, dancing). We're going sailing this afternoon. sports i the sport isa verb [to fish, torun, to cimb), He likes going fishing on Sundays. BUT ifthe sport is a noun (footbatf, tennis, basketball) we use ploy. He likes playing tennis. "a like to read NOT Hitkete-gotde-ceading. Remember Include as many phrases as you ‘an to describe activities in your Ie at work/at homefin genera. + Use ing forms correctly, especially with go and do. + Make requests politely. 2 Lynn and Mick are visiting friends. Listen to Part 1. Number the things Lynn says in order asks someone to video something (asks to look at the TV information [Fass to use the phone 3 Listen wo Part 2 1 Circle the TV programmes wiich Lynn asks Sean to record. 2 What tape does she ask Sean to use? 4 Listen to the whole thing again. Can you hear these phrases? 1 Can borrow the phone? Could you do me a favour? 2 Can iphone home? 7 Could you video the Final? 3. Yes, of course, 8 Could you notuse the tape that’s in there? 4 Sure, go ahead, 9 Ifyou could just find a blank tape 5 Caniborrow aTV mag? 10 And then, if you could record ‘Hostage’? 5 Listen and repeat. Copy the intonation, 6 Choose five phrases to learn. In pairs, A turn co p.102, B to p.105. Roleplay telephone conversations. Use the five phrases, Vocabulary do the -ing, go -ing 1 Put these activities into two groups in a chare like this. cooking swimming walking Jobs duties _| Free time activities camping climbing travelling. sailing washingup cleaning 0king shopping dancing washing 2 Which group of words can we use after ..? + Imgoingtodothe ..?7 = Imgoing togo ..2 3 Right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones. Vd keto go reading in te library butt srt very comfortable there | went to watch satelite TV at Pedro's house. 1'm going playing music this evening at Mick's house | wenttofsh when I was in Cambridge, but there's nowhere to gohere. | want to go climbing but there are no facilities here ata ‘We went footballing and the pitch was aul {im going to play tennis tomorrow atthe gym. ‘My family goes picnicking in the woods every weekend, Speak out Improving life for everyone In groups, think about activities and faciliies in your area. How can they be improved? Make a list of suggestions. Choose the best three. Present your ideas to the class. Explain the reason for each. WHAT WE WANT18 + Learn words for talking about the future. + Practise speculating about the future ‘with going to, wll, might, may, and if * Use phrases for expressing uncertainty about your plans. NEWSLETTER ‘We must prepare forthe future. On personal level, chat'sWhy we goto college, take out insurance, and pay into pension plans. On a national level, that is why we have laws, emergency services, and hospitals. Werhope forthe best and expect the ‘worst. But there is now no doubt that we ‘also need to do. something on an international level because we are likely to face recession, species extinction, and pollution on a global scale. fwe don't change the way we live, there is @ good chance that we ‘will wipe out our own civilization. Vocabulary tip Learn what comes next, + asingle word, eg. a noun: I predict disaster. + a group of words, eg. ~ “that clause: predict that there will be a recession. ~ to infinitive: expect to see him. = prepositional phrase: We must prepare for the future. Most words can be followed by ‘more than one form. Check in your dictionary, FUTURE NOT GUARANTEED Speaking Predictions 1 In pairs, write four things about you or about the world ‘Something that will definitely happen __| might happen unfortunately hopefully 2 Compare with another pair. Vocabulary Words for talking about the future 1 Read the newsletter. Underline what you agree / disagree with. 2 What comes next? 1 Choose one word from the box for 1 We'renot likely to to 2 There's no doubt, that 3 There's a good chance 4 i's a good idea to prepare 2 Choose two orthree words from the box. for 5 Wehope to 6 We'resurecertain that 7 We expect 3. How do we use these adjectives? 4 Tick the chart Adjectives [sure [certain [likely [possible [probable describing certain events The end of ciuiization is ‘describing your certainty Fm ... there'll be a recession + infinitive Species are .. to become extinct 2. Make the five adjectives negative, Use un: or im. 4 Find two places in this sentence to put definitely / possibly / probably / certainly, The world is getting warmer, and we're causing it2 true? Speculating about the future | 1 Look at opinions 1 to 3. 1 What are they taking about in each text? 2 Do you agree with thern? 2 Look at expressions they use to refer to the fature. 1 Highlight these future forms in the texts goingto may/might/could might well wont, will will definitely will probably 2 Put them in the chart below, + to suggest absolute certainty /inevitability going to ake + to suggest possibilty and to speculate (ie Sine more possible less possible Listening Getting information 1 In groups, think of five news stories you've heard recently. 5 What's the possibility of these events affecting you in the future? losing your way economic recession _ losing your job pollution getting il the extinction of edible fish nuclear war an earthquake being ina house fre an asteroid strike getting old ‘being in a car accident 1 certainly lose my way at some point ‘An earthquake is unlikely where | come from. 2. Write questions you can ask yourself when you hear a news item. 1 understood 1? 3 simportant? 4 How/atfect/me? 5 How/feel/about i? 3 Listen to this item of TV news 1. What's it about? 2. What pictures do you think they showed on the TV? 4 True or false? Listen again and check. 41 Asteroid XF11 is haifa mile in diameter. 2 It is certain to pass close tothe Earth 3 There's a one in a thousand chance that twill hit us. 4 Deep Impact isa fim by Stephen Spielberg about asteroids hitting the Earth. 5 If Asteroid XF11 hits us it could Killa billion people and wipe out civilization, 6 You're more likely to be killed in a car accident than hit by Asteroid XF11 5 Answer the five questions in ex, 2. Explain your answers in groups, 1 You can't be absolutely certain what's going to hhappen in the future. No one would ever dare to say “This is going to happen’, or "This is sure to happen’, because there could be a nuclear war tomorrow, We might get hit by an asteroid next week 3 There are some things that We can predict vith absolute certainty and others that we can't For example, all of us will de one day. You will definitely be il or have an accident some time in your life. You might well have a car accident (especialy if you are a male driver), And if you smoke, you will get ill, which is why we always ask that question on life insurance policies.:M: Against the clock! 5 [El Listen and repeat the sentences. 6 Which of these events might happen to you? + fallinlove + getangry + getanew job pass anexam + notcometoclass + get wet 3 Seta time limit Make as many crue sentences as you can from the chart. Tm going to ve uti rm 100. Use these words and phrases. val 1... WIS Twenre nightwear | Oy 1 mayimighttcoutd ta might may could M1 at | iy a L might go abroad if} get new jb. 7 What's the possibility of these events happening 4 Now relax. Look at these opinions about smoking. to you? How might they happen? Which sentence do you agree with most? Why? 1 ff you sack, you wil get + get married fagain) + becomea millionaire 2 tyousmoke you wal probably get + have an accident : tren aoter country 3 Myousmoke, you might well get oe oa 4 You won't get ill just because of smoking. + get amedal eat + losellyourrmoney keep your health well into old age Reading Making decisions 1 In pairs, do the Questionnaire. How similar are you? B a Deep inside, you know what you] a Ifyouhave two choices, predict what really want, so if you have any the consequences might be, then dubts, don’t do itt chhaose the one that is most likely to 1b Don't be controled by your lead to happiness, fears. Take a risk! You always Life is too complicated to predict the regret the things you don‘t do. consequences of any action. If you have two choices, imagine yourself doing them, and choose the one that makes you feel happiest & a Ifyou are unsure, get someone else's opinion: someone who knows you well How do you make important 1b Don't let other people persuade a answers you have, the decisions? Find out with this Peer egetire vil Meee Ce week's Quick Questionnaire. tee er ee ‘Which advice do you agree with = frost Clic ac rameac ees 2 Compare how you make these decisions. Tate rou naagee sone ey + deciding which flat or house to move into + deciding how to vote ‘ake your time: the consequences could last forever, 1b Make an instant decision. Ifyou + deciding whether to marry someone or not » choosing between two jobs + deciding whether to have achid ornot + deciding where to go on holiday ‘ink about things teo much, 3. In fours, A cur co p.102, B to p.103, C to p.105, and D to p.105. } youl find reasons to 6 things 11 Read and memorize your email message like ths: eee Cee ee + Find six key words in the message and write them down, 2. Your feelings may change. + Try to remember the message from the key words. Make alist of pros and eons and compare them. bb Trust your feelings. Decide with 2 Say your messages aloud to the group. Decide what's happened / what is your beart, not your mind. happening. 3. What would you advise Monica to do? Why? + Test yourself until you can say the whole message correctly. OMAN)Tea Positive fm sure (that lind a job. know (that) we'll be happy. Negative Fm not sure if can [come out). fm not sure what time we finish, don't know if should I don't know what to do, Pane Positive Ithink so. hope so Negative | don’t think so. | hope not. Remember + Include as many expressions a5, ‘you can for certainty, probability, and doubt about the future. + Use going to, wil, might, may, and it correctly. + Practise phrases with sure, think, know, and hope. English in use Saying you’re uncertain 1 Listen to Steve asking Daniel out for a drink. 1. Does Danie! go? 2 What does Daniel do this evening, and why? 3. What do you think ofthe decision he's made? Listen again for these phrases. Is Daniel sure or unsure each time? ‘What about? 5 Hope not. 3 Listen and repeat. Copy the intonation. Read the Using sure and know box. 6 Oh, 'm sure Ill find a computer __ company over there. 7 hope so, 7 8 I know it won't be easy. 1. When do we use a that clause? When do we use for 2 wh- word (what 1 when, etc)? 2 Say what you are sure about and not sure about. this evening the weather your career or job your English studies Read the Using rbink and hope box. 41 Which isthe odd one out? Why? 2. Reply using think and hope. 1 Are you in love? Idon't think so. hope not! 2 sit going to rain tomorrow? 3 ls there a party this weekend? 4 Shouldn't you be in an exam right now? 5 Wasn't that you on the TV lastnight? 6 next weekend ‘your next holiday Didi the teacher say she'd take everyone out this evening? Speak out Making arrangements In pairs, practise persuading your partner. 1 Ask your partner to do something + this evening / sometime this weekend + next week + any other time in the future 2. Bhas decided to leave. A tries to persuade him/her nat to. Choose one of these EITHER A's B's boss, OR Aand Bare lovers, OR AlsB'steacher.lier. alae alae Speaking + Practise phrases to talk about things ‘you've heard, What did you say? Focus on using say, and reported 1 In pairs, ask and answer as quickly as you can. Steers it tieosb ts, vee 11 Who was the fist person you talked to today? What did you both say? 2 Who was the ast person you spoke to before class? What did you both say? 3 Can you remember one useful thing that a teacher or parent has told you? 4 What phrases does the teacher typically say? How many can you think of? 5 Can you remember a joke? 2 How much did you remember? Compare with the class. Listening Listening for gist and attitude Sona 1 Answer the Questionnaire for you. Compare in pairs. Say why. Family secrets 2 Ziltistenw aradio interview with two sisters. 1 Do you think of yourself as»? 1 Listen to Part 1. Write Liz or Kate a secretive ae Is extremely secretive can't keep secrets 2 Do you keep secrets from 2 ‘2 your parents 2 Usten to Part 2. What is the 1b your brothers {sisters ‘connection between these things? 3. Who are you mare honest with .? secret France boyfriend tell parents, your parents fos pout Krthera aera 3 Listen to Part 3, Finish these statements, inte eaves + Kate decided, later, to tell Which shocked ..2 + Her mother 2 your parents + Kate was 1 Your brothers sisters be 3. What do you think of Kate and Li's relationship ..? aie MIEN tS Ost PDB with each other + withtheir mother secrets to 2 Your parents your brothers sisters 4 Askin pairs. How similar are you? 11 What sorts of things do you land don't you) tell your parents? Why? 6 Do you think you have a good 2. Do your parents tell you what they're thinking or how they feel? peietoncie vat 3 Do you pay any attention to the things that they tell you? ie ace anes 4 Ave grandparents important in your fariy life? '5- What sort of relationship would you like to have with your children?Vocabulary Reporting verbs 1. Against the clock! Which group can finish first? es 1 Take turns to explain the meanings ofthe reporting verbs inthe box. A The others guess which one you're talking about explain 2. One verb from the box goes in all these phrases. Which one? oe They ______ me yesterday. speak ‘They ____ me to go abroad last week. : ae Then they —____ me if {had .. (a pen. 2 Correct the use of ast, say, and tellin these sentences. 1 I didnt say my parents anything when twas young 2 Once |asked to themif | could vist friend. They told yes 3 Then my fiend and | went off camping. | did tll to my parents what we were doing 4 An said my friend not to say them anything either 5 did say them about tater, and they told that they knew. 6 ‘They asked me that they had folowed us and made sure that we were alight 3 Number Kate's story about her sister Liz in order. J unfortunately, Liz told my parents. ut she asked them not to tll me that she had told them (I Terry asked me id goto Toulouse with him forthe weekend, said, ‘Oh, ra loveto” 1] Soi asked her why And she told me that my sister ha already told her! FI told my sister, Liz, what | was doing, but not my parents. Liz sald that | should tel them. Vocabulary tip (CJA few months tater, told my mather about it. She wasn't as shocked as | As you make alist of words to earn thought she'd be (eg from alesson list them under tanamesofthepeoplefowed 4 Think of a family occasion. Can you remember what was said? ‘them/in the order they occurred, + an occasion that shows what sort of family you are Go through the conversation in your + an occasion that became a family joke or part of family history + a signiicant occasion (e.g. when someone left home / an anniversary ..) head, using the word: Reporting | Direct speech Can you remember any Gan you remember’ ‘We usually use say in direct speech quotations? anything that your partner gee er Telyourpaine, asi this lesson? i I said, ‘Do you live round here?” and he said, ‘No’, General de Gaulle said You said and | said, ‘But | always see you round here’, and Ihe said, "Yes, | work just round the corer. What mistakes do you Think of a conversation + when the exact words are important. ‘both make in English? ‘that you have had in the What Neil armstrong actualy sald was, That's one | Thinkofsome examples. last week. | ‘small step for man, one giant leap for mankind’, but | What should you say instead? How much of it can you he probably meant to say, ‘one smal step for aman'.) _loftensay’.."butyou remember? ere _—_— Should say’... “instead, ‘She said *...‘and then Isid." 1 Practise direct speech. Choose from these activities. 19 TALK 772. Which of these are true for you? Indirect speech ‘When | was young, I dint know that Father Christmas the speaking was inthe past, we usually put the whole wasnt rel sentence in the past (even iitis stil true}, + remember a time when | thought that the moon was x Where's Stuart? the size of my hand. 2 = «Hound out tht you nesded money in shops when | B | think he's gone. He said he wasn’t feeling very wel. ‘was six, ‘A Oh. That's strange, because he said he wanted to come. Think of more examples around the class. [ingaitemt bea = a 3. Match the picrutes to sentences 1 to 4, \Cwe are reporting later events or previous events, we usually put the speaking and the events in diferent tenses: + Ifwe are reporting plans and intentions, we use would ‘or was / were going to. He said he would meet us at 6.00. told them | was going to go home. + Siw are reporting previous events, we usually use the 1 [told ther that Jane was in France. | 2 Itold ther that Jane had been to France, 3 I said she was going to have a baby. eon muse avesa inne ne voireal ‘NS Against the clock! aeady obvious ae He said he was a singer before he went into teaching. 4 Seta time limit Do a and b probably mean the same (S) or different (D)? 5 Now relax, In pairs, choose sentences. Tell the story. [B] 1 a Ann told Joe that she had [14 a He asked Joe if he would doa [[] 7 a He said it had been the best going to buy two tickets 5 a Joe rang work that momnir 8 a At work the next day, his boss (12 a He told her he had taken the ‘wouldn't come in ‘the game. i b He told her he would take the and said that he had been asked him if he enjoyed the game. [212 a His boss said that they were [7] 6 a She asked him if he was day off - and saw Joe on TV! POP STAR Reading vou Comparing and assessing information BRAWL 1 Read the extract. Explain the highlighted words. con eat ae 2 Cover the extract. What faets do you know about Bel and Paolo? Hansson (24) was 3. Now read these comments. Whose side are you on? arrested lst night Paolo Bel hen police were having an affair with (someone) she went wild called acu in Soho fillwing fight Cs in on with someone) wo can blame her? in wich was si, she “kicked and od aiecitioncs ee ee ve dropped her iends came outin FestbalerPaslp Res @2)McHianson, _-nehadito rsh t she’s had a hardtime vos clase after two hours but mas Re was never unfaithful she just couldnt let 0 => cocina 4 Read more about Bel and Paolo. Pair A turn to p.102, Pair B to p.05.‘caught by the camera in cret’ holiday love-nest. Remember © Use reporting verbs correct, ‘especialy ask, say, and tel. * Remember to use the correct tenses in indirect speech. + Tryto include phrases which ‘show where the information ‘comes from. English in use Saying how reliable information is 1 How many famous names can you put on the board in one minute? They must be alive today. 2 Read the newspaper extracts. Explain these words. love nest dodgy business love-child give itup quarrel divorce 3 [Bi Listen. Which story don’t they talk about? 4 Listen again to the expressions they use. Complete the gaps. 1 | understand _ that he does have links with the casino business, 2 He____ me yesterday morning 3 He , ve never really joved her’ 4 __ twas mick sagger 5 Ican't who told me, 6 But __, Idowrt believe it. 7 this has been his life's dream, 8 He ___ reporters that he intends to create .. 9 Some people It’s the Catholic Church, 10 talso that he's been involved with the Christian Scientists. LEE eee) We use different phrases to show how reliable the information is that we've heard + He told me/He said that = this is first-hand information (1 know it’s true) + understand that! heard that Some people say {that} Apparently/I can't remember who told me, but =I got this from someone else + Personally | don't believe iti reckon ... = this is just my opinion § Listen and repeat. Copy the intonation. 6 In pairs, practise gossiping about Bel Hansson and Paolo Rossi. Use phrases from the box above. Speak out Start a rumour 1 In groups, think of stories to talk about. 1. Look again at the headlines in English in use. Complete with the names of anyone you ike, 2 Think of one more story, about someone famous or someone you know. 2. Talk to everyone in the class. Pass on your information to as many people as you can. Pass on any rumours you heat.20 ALL CHANGE Speaking Global culture 1 What similarities / differences can you think of between Australia and Canada? 2 Put the countries in the box into cultural groups. Add one more to © Use would and could to discuss suggestions and possibties. + Practise making if! wish sentences ‘to describe imaginary situations. * Build compound nouns. each group. Vocabulary ip theusa Aghantstan Ethiopia Indonesia inseam ete pain sermany Brazil japan ee Sweden New Zealand Saudi Arabia Morocco most of itis in English * wach bette TY 3 If you could live in another country for a year, where would you go? + buy your favourte English speaking musi and tanslate the song + lag on to the internet + getan international magazine oF ‘ . newspaper tee. curtanwery, — Listening Diestcerree ata Listening for opinions 1 Look at the photos. 1 Which show .? isadatng game[] isaquzgame[] has huge prizes [] 2 Explain the following phrases. 4 Explain the word ‘globalization’. Is it positive or negative? game shows celebrities educational value consumer interest 3 Do you have similar TV shows in your country? Which do you like fdisike? 2. Listen toa programme about game shows around the world. 1 Listen to Part 1. Which shows do they talk about? 2 Listen again. Tick these opinions when you hear them, [L1 Game shows would sellbest into ‘western cultures’ [E]_ The worlds alot more diverse than people think [1 inmany places, there isn't the consumer interest for prize shows. Ez boating games would not do wellin religious societies. TE quiz shows are thought to have some educational value. 3 Listen to Part 2. Complete the gaps. 1 Inmmany countries, they like to see ‘on TV, not ordinary people. 2. In many countries, they don't like people to win prizes. 3 In groups, decide on five TV programmes you would put on a satellite channel. Who in the class would watch your channel?Most compound nouns are pronounced with only one stress. gameshow @ « ‘here are also three-word and ‘our-word compound nouns. modern languages teacher multiple organ transpiant human interest television programme Note that new words are invented’ all the time in this way! Godzilla Kung Fu the UN hamburgers the Internet. pizza jeans the sauna satellite TV whisky I would pick more daisies fi had my life over again id dare to make more mistakes next time tdretox ibe sir than Ive been this tp. [would take fewer things serious I would, perhaps, have mare actual troubles but would have fewer imaginary would imo more "mountains, swim would eat more ice ‘ream and less beans. would goto ‘more dances, ond would pick more dates Vocabulary Compound nouns 1. Make compound nouns which came up in the radio programme. ‘gore show game dating consumer quiz prize television 2 [Ea] Listen, check, and repeat. programme show interest winner game 3. Against the clock! In pairs, make as many compound nouns as you can in chr programmes magazines news issues change food human interest family health ood communications detective fashion computer climate 4 These are all part of ‘global’ culture. 1 Where dd they originate? 2 How many more can you lis in one minute? designer __ e minutes. Be prepared to explain what they mean. films stories technology clothes events life world convenience love sports 3 Whatis your country’s most famous exportto the world? Reading Making inferences 1 Read the poems quickly. What sore of people wrote them? If Lcould change {id be free, could change If | could toke my past off ke handcuffs ‘And walk neo anew if beyond the prison gates ‘Wl could have Dad back, and not fight with Mu ‘nd fo one knew me or knew where Ive been ‘And asked no questions 1d be ree Sotfone night they left the ‘doors open, and a new sutt of clothes, depressed serious sensible If Lruled the world ‘fired the word Everyone would have the some amount ofmoney, | We woutd beso inuraffe, ‘No one would go fhunony ‘Ad everyone would be hap. There would be more spotin schoo! ‘And less ere the county Telepone cals would be fee So that we could aways tak to each ater and be meve rendly ‘Ard there would be no rubishin the streets Spe Aerts 2. Describe what the writers are probably like. Include these words. idealistic naive confused worried3. Complete this description of Sylvie Aerts. Describe Nadine and Jimmy's lives in the same way. Syivie Aertsis at school, obviously. She's worried about lives in a town. She likes 50 maybe she She's more worried about the than’ about her own life, so she probably has quite a secure life. She's very —__ The second conditional 1 Look at sentences a to . These sentences describe + siuuations which aren't real + the results if they were real a If had my life over again, "dl dare to make more ‘mistakes next time. 'd relax, b If ruled the world, everyone would have the same ‘amount of money. Fab free if could change. ifno one knew where I've bbeen and asked no questions, Id be free. 11 Underline the unreal situations, Circle the results. 2 What word is in the sentences? 3 Check your answers in the Language box below. Talking about unreal situations When we describe an imaginary situation inthe present or future, we use apast tense. We also often use wish or if | wish didr’t have so much todo. (Ihave gota lotto do andl don't ike it) When we talk about the results of the imaginary situation, we use would Would you be any happier with es to dor I11 could just spend one week getting things organized, Vd feel a lot better. ''d be happier ifhad more time to myselt. Remember, we use could BOTH as the past of can AND to mean would be able. If1 could afford it, "d go to Thailand ~and you could ccorme with me. »- Against the clock! 2 Seta time limit Look at Anita and Yvonne's ‘wish lists’. Describe their lives now. Anita doesn't have a cor. i's dificult for her to get into college. _Aita’s wish ist Yoonna’s tisk ist near get inte [mera Free tm ea east pag uth he radeon eae = fajcbaken 2 an extra room ~ fatale Bea's Coreen a hetiect tins We deme fo player = Mi wotice me = netsh na independent =a FS pay rise = Fiat of my own sony on r.: 3 Complete what Anita says to a friend 1 woul great to hae cr | ——__— aca no trouble getting into college, or coming home te 2 if1____asummer job atthe TV station, fm sureit re get ajob as a journalist when I fnish college 23 As only interested in tennis. abiiant tennis player, then he ime. Butean dream! 4 twish! —__ moreindependent. 1 —_ aft of my ow be with my pares allthe time! And then you come and stay with me! 4 Now relax! Write four sentences that Yvonne might say. 5. Finish these sentences. Compare in pairs. If didn't have to work/go to college Ifhad more time ‘My life would be just that ttle bit better if... For Sale Ford Escort; 5 years old; Excellent condition; £2,500 ‘ono. Phone Leslie 01423-883527 Bike for sale Yamaha 250: 6 years old; £150 - Bargai | Call Dave 883494 82 English in use Considering possibilities [23] 1 Listen to Anita and Yvonne talking about these adverts. Do they decide to buy anything?2 Liscen again co Yvonne's suggestions. Write whae she actually says carl Aliflook att ma bike take lessons sel itwhen you go home 3 Look at this extract again. 41. Underline the imaginary situations We use would to talk about the likely results of a situation, Situation = having a bike Itwouldn't be very nice in winter It be good fun turing up on bike Situation = going to Brazil It would be great to go to Braz { wouldo't want to go by myselt {coulda't* afford it (router woul beat.) We use could to make suggestions, and to talk about possibilities You could take lessons You could get a month off work. Remember, would is often contracted to ‘d, but could is never contracted. Conditional sentences are often ‘shared’ between speakers, Ywonne Ifyou got abike Anita itwouldn’tbe very nice in winter. lus it wouldn't be very nice in winter when it's raining and cold. be gs 2 What does Anta use the phrases in bold fr? 3 [Ei] tsten and cepeat Copy the intonation, 4 Complete this conversation with would (or “d) and could. 2.8 You go and have attest, to see what you be good at, 3A | ___ ike to write a travel book. Trouble s, jb, and how Ilive without money? 4B You start by doing it in your free time, get time off work to travel, Where n’tyou? Then you ‘you mast lke to go? ‘A Peru, | suppose. 6 B Thenyou ‘90 to Peru, take lots of photographs, then you —_ ‘come home and write a book about it! Speak out Wish list 1 Tick any of these that you agree with. Think of one or two others. really like to .. [start my own business. want to... ve in a cottage inthe country One day | want to . (Cl get married and have children te always wanted to [Bi goto South africa I 1 could, fd tke to... Dworkin television Lwish could work just tree days a week I think it would be great to... [7] lvein village in Ghana for a year. using the phrases in bold from ex.1 above. + Try to use compound nouns. * Make 1 wish... sentences 3 In pairs, A and B, play ‘Optimise and pessimist. correctly. Atell your partner the things you would like to do. Use would and could for imaginary 8 You are an optimist Suggest ways for A to do what they want. situations, and making suggestions. ‘A You are a pessimist. Point out all the problems to B, POSEN 1A Fd realy lke to change my job but | don’t know what | could. do instead, have to give up my Just once rally te to... [) go into space and look down atte Earth, 2. Write a wish list of up to five wishes. Decide how you would say them01 ALL IN THE MIND Vocabulary words to each group. learn ‘question auxiliary know ‘Mental activities | Language words 1 Pur these words into three groups. Add two more conversation shake hands Social activities 3. Match six sentences, 4 Make complete questions. 2 itibeveasy) 3 (where/young people’ go) 4 thowiyourthing) 5 (why/ber good grammar} 6 Inyour country, (everyone/speak) ‘correctly allthe time? 7 (who/not/speak) 8 (whatimake) (you/thinkg —= —— 2. Write synonyms for: 1 happy 4 work rend 2 talk 5 payin) 3 shy 6 uncomfortable 1 was taking a me feel happy. 2 explained b toseeher 3 said | wanted that! loved her 4 She suggested 4d toher one day. 5 She makes @ her often now, 6 Imeet f visting her, Questions 1 you/think) Do you think (your language/be) ____ easy for foreigners to learn? to meet people in your country? In the evenings? ~ (you/can/meet) 2 English people of your age? Important? correctly —and why not? a good language learner, Starting conversations 5 Complete the conversations, Inthe shopping centre wise oe a? aw where the bus station is? & See ts jeter tee ey ee a aaa e 5 Jane. Fine, And you? A Fine. © you've got a new job, Al ‘sit going? C I'm really enjoying it, And you? What've you © 0? ‘A. Nothing much, Same job, Same boyiend. You know. 02 CHANGING WORLD Vocabulary 1 March the beginnings and endings. 1 main ative 2 mountain tonal 3 relig ment 4 tradit fous 5 consery land 6 move ous 7 social ence 8 cite ont 9 ints en 10 supp ist 2. Are they nouns, adjectives, or verbs? 3 Putin the missing lecer/s ui y ia le 00 ou ou 1 is land 4 b__ness 7 s__stem 2 erode § faml__s 8 offte__| 3 b_Ieing 6 ¢_ntryPresent tenses 4 Which sentence describes: ‘a changes happening now past events with present results € acurrent state beginning in the past 4 the status quo 1 Life has existed onartfor4o00 mlfon years, 2 Asteroids have it arth many tmesintshiston. 3 arth’ ve contents re still moving apart Q 4 One milion ers ofmateralttom spacelerdson EI Earth every dy tase seniences v0 4in eed 6 Change che verb to complete the sentences. 4 Gvelmsjdne a Jvelved in Sydney all mye b _______becauseitsso besul € tile | decide where to g. 2 lens) Sects a every summer its brian. b Vin about ata trough © att ciartenoy 3 ety (have a the same boven ote yas, b a isis at the moment ¢ an awl memory. Being vague 7 Complete chis text for your country. “Switzeriand is in Europe, It consists of 26 cantons, or regions isin? It consists of about * , oF regions ts population isabout * Thereis a big difference between the ® and the § The 2 tends tobe richer and more densely populated, and the is poorer. As far as the climate is concerned, the temperature can go from 2 in winter up to 22 insurmmer The local food is Inthe cities there are 2 large number of , which are veru popular. It’s the kind of place where 03 LIFE STORY Vocabulary 1. Make phrases with the verbs below get leave have go. move _—take 1 get ajob 6 aivorced 2 ababy 7 school 3 home to college 4 house ° outwith so. 5 married 10 an exam 2. In what order do they usually happen? Present perfect and simple past 3 Match sentences 1 to 6 with meanings a to £ a finished event no present connection) b alinished period inthe past € past events in order ¢_ past event —> present resut © events ina period up to now a present period which started inthe past 1 ewon the lottery m rich! oO 2. ve had this car for years. Oo 3 ve seen itthre times oO 4 got marie in 1996 oO 5 | went to school until 1994 o 6 First had a bath then Ihad dinner, then | watched Tv. —] 4 Correct these sentences. 41 Computers Had an enormous effect on the world, Shove had [rm only 30 and | was married three times! rm married since 1995, ‘Weve lived there until've been 16. ‘We lived here for three years now. Elizabeth Blackwell has been the frst wornan doctor. Have you had a good time last weekend? We been to the pub and have met same frends, then fe gone dancing il 3.00 am, 9 I'm so happy ~look, | won the fottery. Telling true stories 5 Complete this story about Waris Ditie. “hi __ is astory of good luck. ? ‘irl from Somalia, brn in the desert, and she ran away from fer family, 2 to Mogadishu, * ___ ‘to London. And § she’s ended up as a model, 5___ shows what a job in McDonald's ean do for you! . 356 Make question tags. 1 You were born in Rome, weren't you? 2 You marred a Frenchman, 3 Hewasa painter, 4 You moved to Provence, 5 They had two children, 6 She lived in America, 04 SOMETHING TO DO Vocabulary 1 How many activities from Unit 4 ean you lise? Sport ‘eimbing telsure [Culture 2. Which activities can you use with these phrases? going gofora... goto... play goclmbing 13 Wriee che nexe word or phrase. 1 telly enjoy 2 mnot very keen 3 Wsagreatway 4 gowhenever 5 (realy tke Veda rey 7 Ws one of my ee, Infinitive and gerund 4 Mauch, 1 often go a mun 2 let's ian oe bb torun 3 : running “Why dont we a ty? 5 What about b tome ae ——¢ fring? _ = 7 Sheloves a arve 2B Shedove b to dive 9 Shecent € aaving 70 rmaot keen on a cook 11 Laften ke bb tocook 12 Wecould| © cooking. 5 Complete the rules. 90+ ing tke/loverhate + preposition + would ike Noverhate + modal verb = like love hate = 1 sometimes why don't werlet__ 408" + Ba Getting information 6 Put one word in each space. 1 Fm thinking of coming over Rome 2 you give me some information museums? 3. twas wondering you could me what the hotels are like. 4 ___ togare sightseeing, could you things to see? 5 hotels, S book in advance? O5 A QUESTION OF LIFESTYLE Vocabulary 1 Fill in che missing leters. Write che opposites. a ae x e¢ @ ou oO wm Opposites ue fit Ee wake gotob__. at 1 2 3 4 5 w_te 6 7 a st__tw_tk —lthy w_tied 2 Pu chese words into a spidergeam, active have trouble old people avoid diet spon stressed relan exercise any Cheerful teenagers hilen guilty. ted Comparatives 3. Complete che comparatives in the chact, Number of syllables short shorter serious hard active Speling ft lary good Quantity ‘much fast easily carefuly 22S late soon