ADD and ADHD

By: AShrika DUdeja

01 What are these conditions?
What is ADHD and ADD? Why are they common
childhood conditions?
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Symptoms/DIagnosis
02 How a child’s behavior compares with that of
other children and ways to diagnose the
conditions, triggers, and consequences

03 Treatments/Medications
Medications, stimulant treatment,
behavioral intervention

04
Artificial Intelligence and Linked Genes
Artificial intelligence models used to detect
ADHD, gene linkage of ADHD and Autism

05 Conclusion
What is ADD?
(Attention Deficit Disorder)
A neurological disorder that
causes behavioral problems
such as difficulty to follow
instructions and keep up social
interactions

What is ADHD?
(Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
A medical condition where brain
development and brain activity
is altered causing attention
difficulty, hyperactivity, and
impulsiveness
 ★ Factors that may be involved in the
development of ADHD include genetics, the
environment or problems with the central
nervous system at key moments in
development.

★ Children are more prone

to developing the
Why are these condition because they
are constantly
disorders most developing and growing.
common childhood
conditions?
Symptoms 01 Inattention
★ Person wanders
off task
★ Lacks
persistence
★ Difficulty in Hyperactivity
★
focus
Disorganization
02 ★ Constantly
moving
★ Excessive
fidgets, taps,
talks
03 Impulsivity
★ Hasty decisions
★ Desire for
immediate
rewards
★ Inability to delay
gratification
Based on the
symptoms, there Predominantly
Predominantly
are three ways Combined Hyperactive -
inattentive impulsive
that ADHD can be presentation presentation presentation
present

Difficulty sustaining
attention on tasks or
Talk excessively,
activities, lose focus
Shows both exhibit restlessness,
and easily
inattentive and have difficulty
side-tracked,
hyperactive - waiting patiently in
struggling with
impulsive symptoms line, and frequently
organization, and
interrupt others
often losing needed
materials
Academic problems depression
Consequences
of the
symptoms
ADHD patients have trouble
focusing and cannot retain Children with ADHD easily
information as easily give in to their emotions

Low self esteem

Children often degrade
themselves and see
themselves differently
ADHD TRIGGERS Biological Factors
Environmental
Factors

Mineral
Genetics deficiencies

Maternal alcohol Food additives

or drug use
Media and
Head Trauma technology

Exposure to
Birth Infections environmental toxins
Diagnosis
American Academy of
Pediatrics
Recommends that healthcare
providers ask parents, teachers,
and other adults who care for the
child about the child’s behavior in
different settings, like at home,
school, or with peer
DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD
Using the same standard
across communities can help
determine how many children
have ADHD and how public
health is impacted.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis made by a mental health
professional, psychologist or
psychiatrist, or primary care
provider such as pediatrician.
Neuropsychiatric
EEG-Based Assessment Aid
A noninvasive scan that
measures theta and beta brain
waves, ratio higher in children
and adolescents with ADHD
than children without it
Scan approved for use in
those ages 6-17
estimated
6.4
million
Diagnosed children in the US (CDC)
CDC ADHD remains
statistics one of the most
misunderstood

20%
and incorrectly
Boys treated illnesses
diagnosed today

Girls
diagnosed 11%
Medications

Methylphenidate
improves
symptoms so that
patients can focus
on the things they
enjoy and improve
quality of life
 Central nervous stimulant that
Methylphenidate
helps increase dopamine levels
in the brain
Dopamine = neurotransmitter that
promotes feelings of motivation and reward

More dopamine helps a person concentrate better

and reduce other symptoms of ADHD

Drug Abuse Side Effects

Anxiety and agitation, headaches,

Can be used to enhance stomachaches, heart rate and blood
mental performance pressure changes, trouble sleeping,
changes in appetite, weight loss, and
dizziness
 Effective ADD and
ADHD medications can
improve attention span,
ability to deal with
frustration, and better
relationships
Stimulant
Treatment
 Stimulant reduces Treatment
development of mood prevents
disorders, school problems, serious
conduct disorders,
substance use disorders
outcomes
of ADHD
➢ Early treatment has
protective effects

(study led by Mass Gen Hospital

investigators)
Behavioral
INtervention

Click image to view

This short video talks

about an ADHD
Summer Treatment
Program which
provides behavioral
interventions set up by www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/c/adhd
Cincinnati Children's
 Artificial Can improve Single and multi channel deep
neural network models
accuracy of neural programed to analyze and
Intelligence models using MRI detect ADHD and identify most
predictive brain connectome
brain scans to detect
features for diagnosis after a
ADHD series of symptom and
behavioral tests

ADHD
detected by connectome = map of
brain’s neural connections
studying built by layering MRI scans
connectome of the brain

Study conducted by
researchers from Ohio’s
University of cincinnati and
cincinnati children’s hospital
medical center
Study opens doors for brain imaging and deep neural
networks, or deep learning, to aid in detecting other
conditions
 Autism and ADHD are two different developmental
disorders with certain common symptoms Autism and
ADHD share
genetic common
Autism
Can demonstrate violent
or aggressive behavior,
ground means
genes
be impulsive, and have
ADHD problems in school with similar treatments
social relations

Study done by researchers from iPsych

(Denmark’s largest research project in the field of psychiatry)

Involved in the
Gene most formation of
Linked frequently affected physical structure
similarities in by mutations of nerve cells and is
genes causing conditions important for
= MAP1A gene development of
brain
 RElevance
conclusion
Why is it important to learn about
ADHD and ADD?

Undiagnosed, untreated ADHD can

impact daily life and awareness is
required to lessen the struggle
children face in their daily lives
because of this condition.

ADHD Awareness
Each year in October, progress
in ADHD education and
advocacy is celebrated. The
most effective way to deal with
any kind of stigma is to known
someone with the disorder who
is stigmatized.
THANKS

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by

Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics &
images by Freepik
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