THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

(consists of 2 or more clauses of equal rank which form one syntactic whole in meaning and intonation – known as coordinate
clauses/conjoins)
They are regarded as independent, for there’s no hierarchy in the syntactic relationship between them
[but the degree of independence of conjoins is disputable as the structure of the second and following clauses is to some
extent predetermined by the first – f.ex.: inversion, sequence of tenses, pronouns, ellipsis, connective words are included into
the body of the 2nd clause all these characteristics make the 2 nd clause structurally dependent].

Coordination (parataxis)

asyndetic syndetic
(without a connector) (with coordinating conj./conjunctive adverbs)

4 LOGICO-SEMANTIC TYPES OF COORDINATION:

 COPULATIVE (simultaneous or successive events; commentary on the previous clause; addition: conj-s (and*, (and)neither, nor,
neither…nor, not only…but (also), as well as) + conjunctive adverbs (then, moreover, besides)

 DISJUNCTIVE (choice between two alternatives: conj-s (or, either…or) + conjunctive adverbs (else (or else), otherwise)

 ADVERSATIVE (opposition; contrast; contradiction: conj-s (but, while, whereas) + conjunctive adverbs (however, yet, still,
nevertheless) + conjunctive particle (only)

 CAUSATIVE-CONSECUTIVE (reason-consequence; the 2nd clause – reason or result of the 1st: conj-s (causative for; consecutive so,
so that) + conjunctive adverbs (therefore, hence, then, thus)

*
And is the most polyfunctional conjunction. It can substitute for other coordinating conjunctions in most cases. And joins clauses with simultaneous or subsequent actions. It
can express adversative relations (Love was offered me and I shrank from its disillusions); adversative-concessive relations (уступительно-противительные) (I shrank away
from them and I had an acute nostalgia for them. (=> though I shrank …); condition ( Follow and you will see (=> if you follow…)  ; consequence  (The hour was midnight and no
Forsytes remained in sight (as the hour was midnight, no Forsytes remained in sight), (You wanted her silenced and I’ve silenced her. W.S. Maugham).