India-China Stand-off in Kashmir § "I Can't Breathe" Protests Spread Across US Pakistan: Pakistan: ti “Lockdown June 2020 Current Affairs MCQs Locust Attack: (May 2020) A Joint Fight by Pakistan and India, Over The Years Monthly Domestic & International Affairs _ eas wv seein comBuy HSM Books Online Books for Competitive Exams & Military Tests a Just while sitting at home you can choose from a vast variety, and your desired Competitive Exams CSS/PMS/PCS/NTS and Military Tests (Army, ISSB/PAF/NAVY) HSM Books will be efficiently delivered to you on the designated date. Spectacular services and satisfying our customers will always be our most significant priority. We hope you have a worthy shopping experience at . www.hsmpublishers.com Thank you. HSM Publishers was started in 2013 as a publishing division of Ilmi Kitab Khana, founded by Haji Sardar Muhammad in 1945. Today it proudly owns: + Ilmi Kitab Khana Lahore + HSM Publishers Lahore + Ilmi Kitab Khana/HSM Publishers Islamabad F-7 Islamabad (Islamabad showroom where one finds under one roof the widest range of All kinds of Schools/Colleges/Universities educational pos Competitive Exams, ey Exam books and General Knowledge ooks ) 2S Times UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE MAIN STORIES. Teer A Joint An pte crn Over The Years Despite the ups and downs in the India- Pakistan bilateral relationship, cooperation ‘on the locust warning system has survived the wars, terrorist attacks, and political turmoil. Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is known as one of the most voracious insects, which is polyphagous and can eat all type of vegetation that it comes across. Desert Locust are a species of swarming, migratory, transboundary short-horned-locusts known to occur in desert areas with favorable agro-ecological conditions. Historically, swarms of Desert Locusts have always been a threat to agricultural production and food security in Africa, Middle East, and Asia. It is an occasional pest, having two to three generations per year, with a life cycle of ~12 weeks. An area of ~16 million squared kilometers comprising of 30 countries is potentially prone to Desert Locust, while another ~29 million squared kilometers of world area covering 60 countries are under the threat of invasion. These insects grow and multiply under favorable agro-ecological conditions, and after consuming the vegetation in one area, they migrate to other regions where food is available for them. They eat up to their own weight daily. Swarms of Desert Locust can be of millions, fly up to 150 kilometers per day, and may travel nearly 2,000 kilometers in their lifetime to find a favorable environment for breeding. They rapidly reproduce and eggs usually hatch after about two weeks. Desert Locust, if not controlled, can generate a food security crisis or famine. East Africa and South West Africa are today fighting a Desert Locust invasion. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Pakistan is an important front-line country for Desert Locust because it has summer and spring breeding areas Recently, Pakistan has been very badly affected by the locust infestation. The southern part of Punjab with the north side of the Sindh and eastern part of Balochistan are the worst-affected. The locust that often attacks in south-east Asia migrates from Africa; there are almost 19 kinds of grasshoppers so far found in the world. and a locust grasshopper can eat 400 times more than its weight in a day. They always attack fertile land when the crops are ready to be cultivated. Throughout history, it has travelled with the wind even from Africa to Central America with the flow of the wind. These have ability to fly for many days. The conventional way to deal with this problem was to spray crops. But recently some non- conventional ways have been developed to encounter this problem as well. China has been affected by this plague several times in Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | THE MAIN STORIES. the past when a large group of locusts. attacked Xinjian, a western province of China and affected a huge area. Chinese researchers have found a very unconventional way to counter this problem. A research centre has introduced a method to encounter the problem by breeding the ducks whose favourite food is locust grass hoppers. This experiment has already been successful in China. In Pakistan, hopper bainds of the Schistocerca gregaria -- commonly known as the desert locust -- have already devoured large quantities of crops in over 60 districts of all the four provinces. The locusts are believed to have entered into the southwestern Balochistan province, from neighboring Iran. These insects, mainly originating from deserts, eat anything from bark to seeds and For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM June 2020 S Times be aN ENCE Mam acer ey The Department of Plant Protection (DPP) at the Ministry of National Food Security & Research is responsible for Desert Locust survey and control operations in Pakistan. DPP is located in Karachi. Ground surveys are carried out regularly in the summer and spring breeding areas from about June to November and February to May, respectively. Surveys are usually organized from permanent locust outposts (district offices) in the summer (Bahawalpur, R. Khan, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas) and spring (Pasni, Turbat, Panjgur, Kharan, Nushki) areas. During emergencies, seasonal outposts are established. During the summer, a monthly meeting is held on the Indo-Pakistan border for locust officers from India and Pakistan to exchange information on the current locust situation. Since 1995, a joint Iran/Pakistan team undertakes a ground survey every April for two weeks in Baluchistan, Pakistan and two weeks in southwest Iran, Pakistan is the only Desert Locust country that maintains its own fleet of aircraft dedicated for locust survey and control operations. Pakistan also hosts the oldest continually operating locust outpost in the recession area on the Baluchistan coast in Pasni. Both of these date from the pre-partition British colonial period. THE MAIN STORIES... miles (149 kilometers) a day. The region saw the first wave of the locust invasion in May last year since 1993, According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Pakistan's 38% of agriculture fields are breeding grounds for the insects. Out of which 60% locusts breed in Balochistan alone - the country's poorest province, followed by southern Sindh, 25%, and northeastern Punjab - the most populous province, 15%. The UN agency said the locusts may have caused financial loss worth 600 billion rupees ($3.72 billion). In India, swarms of locusts, invading agriculture fields in the northwest are destroying the seasonal crops. es" History of Outbreaks According to history of the Locust Warning Office published by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), there were “serious invasions” of locusts in British India every few years during the 1900s. A “five-year invasion” from 1926 to 1931 is estimated to have to have damaged crops worth Rs 2 crore (about $100 million at today’s prices). The princely states and provinces had their own structures to deal with this, but there was no coordination. After the 1926-32 invasion’, the British Indian government sponsored a research scheme, starting 1931, which led to the permanent Locust Warning Organization (LWO) in 1939, with its Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times _June 2020 headquarters in New Delhi and a substation in Karachi. In 1941, a conference of princely states in desert areas and provinces affected by locusts was held. Its role was expanded in 1942, and in 1946 a bureaucratic structure was put in place. India and Pakistan In 1977, the two countries began to meet on the border. From 1991 to 2003, special border surveys took place during the summer, undertaken by locust control officers in their respective countries. Joint border meetings have taken place every year since 2005 till 2019, except in 2011. This has been despite every diplomatic strain, including the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. Monthly meetings are held between June and October-November at Zero Point, west of Barmer, Rajasthan and east of Chor, Tharparkar. Three to four officers from each country normally attend. Each country takes turns at hosting the meeting on its respective side of the border. THE MAIN STORIES. Desert locust observations Iran & Pakistan, April 2020 @ adults Arrangements are made in advance and protocols are followed for crossing the border. The meeting is held in the morning. “Fortnightly bulletins, FAO bulletins and maps showing survey locations, locust infestations, green vegetation and rainfall in each country are exchanged and discussed,” the report on. their activities said. While politics and diplomacy is kept out of the technical discussions, locust control authorities feel that one of the more difficult challenges faced by the commission is that of “insecurity and sensitivities” in the region. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE of 2019's outbreak in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, which is said to be the worst in decades. As farmers described an unprecedented presence of the insatiable pests, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) warned of a serious infestation that can lead to a major threat to food security. In a report prepared recently for Pakistan, the FAO. has warned of a locust invasion. "Iran and Pakistan are especially prone as locust breeding is taking place in these areas, also due to the wet winter this year. In Pakistan, 38% of the area (60% in Balochistan, 25% in Sindh and 15% in Punjab) are breeding grounds for the desert locust, whereas the entire country is under the threat of invasion if the desert locust is not contained in the breeding regions.” These locusts are voracious eaters. At anywhere between 10 mm and 70 mm in size, depending on their growth cycle, an adult locust can eat its own weight in food every day — about two grams of fresh vegetation. They thrive in areas where rainfall and green vegetation are aplenty and breed rapidly to swell into havoc-wreaking swarm: MAIN STORIES. De ewa ie ia chile! China is extending generous help to Pakistan in dealing with the desert locust swarms; it intends to donate 300,000 liters Malathion ULV spray and to help Pakistan in establishing and improving a comprehensive pest control system and effectively improve its ability to prevent and control biological disasters. Pakistan is also trying to seek help from South Korea to get some logistical support to control desert locusts. With support from the FAO, China and the government, a mitigation strategy is in place through which pesticide and spraying machines have been provided to farmers. The Chinese government is one of the biggest manufacturers of pesticide and has supplied it to Pakistan. The FAO. has supplied spraying machines as well as given training to farmers. A team of Chinese experts also visited Pakistan in March to assess the locust infestation. With this support, the government has developed a ‘National Action Plan for Surveillance and Control of Desert Locust in Pakistan’, with a mandate to safeguard national food security through efficient coordination with key stakeholders; timely resource mobilisation; effective surveillance, control operations and mass awareness activities. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,We are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CSS Times THE MAIN STORIES. 9 Monthly June 2020 mo as lay Nile BLACK MEN LIVING AND DYING IN AMERICA Why George Floyd's Death has Sparked Nite) (Taleo Maal Floyd, a 46-year-old African American man, died in Minneapolis on Monday while he was being restrained by the police. Video footage of the incident, which was broadcast by the media and went viral on social media platforms, showed an officer kneeling on Floyd's neck as he gasped for breath. Four policemen have since been fired, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has been called in to conduct a federal civil rights probe. The officer who pinned him to the ground, Derek Chauvin, has been charged with third degree murder. The death has triggered violent unrest in Minneapolis, leading to a state of peacetime emergency being declared in Minnesota state as well as the activation of its National Guard. Protests have also taken place in other parts of the US, including in California, New York, Ohio and Colorado. The incident once again brought to the fore concerns over the law enforcement's bias against the African American minority, with Floyd's death being cited as the most recent incident of racially-driven police brutality, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 George Floyd's death Floyd, a Minnesota resident, was arrested on Monday after he was accused of using a counterfeit $20 note at a local deli. According to the police, Floyd “physically resisted” the arrest after he was told to exit his car, a claim that was belied by mobile phone footage recorded by several passers-by. A white police officer then went on to restrain Floyd, and kneeled on his neck for at least seven minutes despite the 46-year-old gasping for breath and repeatedly saying “I can't breathe”. The officer remained in that position even after Floyd became unconscious. His unresponsive body was then taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead. a The local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) calles without a rop Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey said, “Being black in America should not be a death sentence. For five minutes, we watched a white officer press his knee into a black man's neck... When you hear someone calling for help, you're supposed to help. This officer failed in the most basic, human sense.” Race and police violence in the US Floyd's repeated cry for help, “I can't breathe” while being restrained prompted comparisons between the incident and the death of Eric Garner in 2014. Garner, an unarmed African American man, had uttered the incident "public lynching UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE MAIN STORIES. 10 the same words 11 times as he was held in a chokehold by a police officer in New York City before he died ‘Ican't breathe! has now become a rallying cry among protesters. Other high profile deaths include the 2016 shooting of Philando Castile, a 32-year-old black man shot seven times at close range during a traffic stop, also in Minnesota, just after he had informed the police officer, Jeronimo Yanez, that he was carrying a gun. Yanez was acquitted of all charges in 2017. The incident became viral after Castile's girlfriend streamed part of the incident on Facebook. Another incident from 2016 that caused a furore was when police pinned to the ground and shot 37-year-old Alton Sterling outside a convenience store in Louisiana where he was selling CDs. According to a study conducted by The Guardian in 2016, the rate of fatal shootings by the police per million people was the highest for the Native American (10.13) and Black (6.6) racial groups; white people had a rate of 2.9. A Washington Post database showed that African Americans were 2.5 times more likely to be killed by a police officer than white people. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com A study in the American Journal of Public Health from 2018 also found the mortality rate by police for black men to be much higher- at 1.9-2.4 per 1 lakh people compared to 0.6-0.7 for white men The Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement In 2013, after the acquittal of a civilian who fatally shot teenager Trayvon Martin in Florida the year before, the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter began trending on social media, and a movement against systemic violence against the African American community sprung up. Black Lives Matter achieved national fame in 2014 during protests against the deaths of Eric Garner and Michael Brown- the latter also being a case of fatal police shooting. The movement, started by three African American women, expanded across the US and invited public interest internationally. BLM is largely decentralised and does not have a formal hierarchy. The movement has been criticised by alt-right ‘commentators in the US. Some of BLM's opponents have responded with their own THE MAIN STORIES... gris FARTO ONLY COME THis FAR. counter-campaigns such as “All Lives Matter” and “Blue Lives Matter”. ¥ In the US, Camera Phones Increasingly Expose Racism From the death of a black man in Minneapolis to a racist incident in Central Park, camera phones are increasingly being used as a weapon against racism even when justice doesn't always follow. Two videos shot on smartphones spread from social media to mainstream media this week, highlighting how bystanders are now frequently capturing incidents that in the past may have gone unnoticed Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comThe term ‘racism’ is often poorly understood. The Oxford Dictionary defines it as, "Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s ‘own race is superior.” Racism is the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to another, that a person's social and moral traits are predetermined by his or her inborn biological characteristics. Racial separatism is the belief, most of the time based on racism, that different races should remain segregated and apart from one another. Itwas a member of the public who filmed George Floyd grasping for breath as a white Minneapolis policeman pressed his knee on Floyd's neck for at least five minutes on Monday. Floyd went still and was later declared dead in hospital. Four police officers were fired from their jobs but remain free and the city Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE MAIN STORIES... has had three nights of angry protests. "If we did not have a video, would the officers have been fired as quickly?" Ibram Kendi, director of the American University’s anti- racism research center, asked in an interview with Democracy Now! "Would they have believed all of those witnesses who were looking at what was happening and who was the asking officers to stop?" In the second incident, a white woman falsely reported Christian Cooper, an avid birdwatcher, to police after he requested that she leash her dog in a wooded area of New fork's Central Park. 'm going to tell them there's an African American man threatening my life,” she told Cooper as he filmed her dial 911 in a video that has been viewed over 43 million times on Twitter Rodney King In February, Ahmaud Arbery -- also African American -- was shot and killed by two white residents while jogging in their neighborhood in Georgia For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CS June 2020 Times A third man, who was later also. charged over Arbery's death, filmed the murder, with the cellphone video sparking outrage when it was leaked onto social media earlier this month. The filming of such violent incidents is not new. Since the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police in 1991, which was filmed by an amateur cameraman, videos have frequently documented acts of racism across the United States. But in recent years the capturing of such incidents, with them subsequently going viral online and then being broadcast across major news networks, has becoming more tematic, ‘Here's the sad reality," tweeted Sen. Kamala Harris, a black former candidate to be the Democratic Party's presidential candidate. ‘What happened to George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery & Christian Cooper has gone on for Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE MAIN STORIES... generations to Black Americans. Cell phones just made it more visible.” Katheryn Russell-Brown, director of the Center for the Study of Race and Race Relations at the University of Florida, said the For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comS Times videos remind us that "wherever people of color are there's a vulnerability. "Lwould be hard pressed to think of cases involving Whites that show the same kind of instances of harm and assault particularly if we're talking about law enforcement,” she told AFP The increased use of police officers wearing body cameras while on duty over the past decade had raised hopes that the use of force against African Americans would fall But after initial studies showed encouraging results, more in-depth reports found that "the cameras aren't producing the reductions in use of force that were expected,” according to Urban Institute researcher Daniel Lawrence. Many forces allow officers to turn the cameras off whenever they want, while some have been accused of editing the images before making them public, ‘Torn apart’ In the death of Eric Garner -- by asphyxiation at the hands of a New York police officer in 2014 which sparked the nationwide "Black Lives Matter" movement -- it was witnesses who filmed the incident, not police, like with Floyd's death. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE MAIN STORIES... hese videos that are published in public forms really do point to a kind of dysfunctionality in our criminal legal system," said Russell-Brown. "It's sort of suggesting that we need private citizens to make it necessary to watch public officers or people in public spaces to achieve justice or to at least raise the alarm bells about justice," she added. Russell-Brown also notes that the presence of a camera often doesn't prevent the act from being committed in the first place. Filming can also have major repercussions, with specialists warning of the risks of rushing to judgment on social networks. Within a day of the Central Park incident, Amy Cooper lost her job as vice president of a wealth management company, her anonymity and her dog amid a media storm. “I'm not excusing the racism. But I don't know if her life needed to be torn apart," said Christian Cooper, who is no relation to Amy. As powerful as videos may be, they mean little, if the law doesn't run its course, say experts, —e id “They got fired,” said Russell-Brown referring to the officers involved in Floyd's death. "Is that enough? No. We have a dead person. So now we want the legal system to do what it's supposed to do." Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,According to FPSC Revised, syllabi enirvesn ssc Wraita) ee ee baa ees Ua h iri Ce chan e c Ei canal \CcQs Wee ee ona iN ine: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 NTC managing director given extension (May 02, 2020) Ignoring the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan's (SECP) guidelines, the government has granted one-year extension to the managing director of National Telecommunication Corporation ). A notification issued by the cabinet division states that the contract appointment of NTC managing director retired brigadier Vigar Rashid Khan in MP-1 scale has been extended for one-year starting from April 30. UNHCR donates biochemical test machine to Quetta hospital (May 02, 2020) The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has donated a biochemical test machine to the Children Hospital Quetta. The value of the machine is said to be around Rs70 million. The machine will be used for conducting many costly tests, including tests of urea, carotene, cholesterol, uric acid, triglyceride and calcium. The tests will be conducted free of cost. Usually the cost of such tests is Rs2,000. Locust attacks may cause food security crisis in Pakistan (May 03, 2020) The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations in a recent report has warned of a potentially serious food security crisis this year in several regional countries, including Pakistan, due to locust attacks. The report titled ‘Desert locust situation in Pakistan’ highlights migration pattern of desert locust in South West Asia, its current invasion in different countries, potential impact on Pakistan's agricultural economy as well as the ongoing efforts of Pakistan's PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE 16 emerging scenario. Govt clears documents to avail $305m loan from ADB (May 06, 2020) The amount will be used for providing relief to the vulnerable segments of society through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) and necessary medical equipment to hospitals through the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). WB to aid Pakistan in creating new model for non-formal education (May 07, 2020) The World Bank will assist Pakistan in developing a new model of non-formal education that it said would combine literacy, labour market skills and life skills development for uneducated and illiterate children, youth and young adults in selected districts of Punjab and Sindh, it's learnt. The government has been developing the new roadmap for the country's education system under the new leadership since the summer of 2018. The education ministry at federal level and education departments at provincial levels have unanimously said that out-of- school children is one of the critical issues that needs to be addressed. The proposed project will be built on the existing initiatives on out-of-school children, supported by development partners including Japan International Cooperation Agency VJICA), USAID, and Unicef, and it will be implemented in collaborative efforts with these agencies. The project will offer Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALPs) to out-of-school children at primary school age (age eight to 10 years) government to contain the pest. and the and secondary school age (age 10-16 years) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,HSM Times through a non-formal education model with the aim to facilitate mainstreaming of those children to the formal school system. In Pakistan, primary schools accept new students at age five to seven years, and children at age eight and above typically find it difficult to enter formal primary schools. Zahid Abbas named KP member of IRSA (May 07, 2020) The government has appointed Engineer Zahid Abbas as member of the Indus River System Authority ([rsa) to represent Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in matters relating to water distribution for three years. As required under the Irsa Act, 1992, Eng Abbas was nominated by the KP government for the post of its member in the water regulator that fell vacant in November 2019 on the completion of three-year term of then member KP Engineer Ragib Khan. Some debts need to be written off: IMF (May 09, 2020) Some debts were not sustainable and needed to be restructured, re-profiled.or written off, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva said in an interview. The IMF chief, while acknowledging the need to restructuring loans, also said the first priority was to combat the disease that has already killed hundreds of thousands and infected several millions across the globe. The IMF now has about $1 trillion dollars lending capacity — four times more than in the last financial crisis. The IMF approved $1.386 billion of assistance for Pakistan under the Rapid Financing Instrument to address the economic impact of the Covid-19 shock. ADB dedicates $200m to drugs firms to beat virus (May 10, 2020) The Asian Development Bank (ADB) under its "Supply Chain Finance Programme’ has dedicated $200 million to support companies that make and distribute medicines and other items needed to combat coronavirus in the developing member countries of the Bank. The programme aims to stabilise the supply chain for products such as N95 marks, test kits, gloves, personal protective equipment Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com _ PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE {7 (PPE) for healthcare providers, ventilators, hygiene items, and other critical goods. — UNSC urged to stop atrocities against Muslims in India, held Kashmir (May 10, 2020) Voicing deep concern over rising anti-Muslim attacks in parts of the world, Pakistan has called upon the UN Security Council to act and prevent impending atrocities, including against Muslims in India and occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Estonia, a non- permanent member of the 15-nation council, convened the meeting on “Preventing Future Atrocities” under the format of Arria formula, which is named after a former Venezuelan ambassador to the UN, Diego Arria. It is an informal process which affords members of the Security Council the opportunity to hear persons in a confidential setting. Obituary: Athar Shah Khan ‘Jai more (May 11, 2020) thar Shah Khan, the renowned writer, playwright and the actor who created an iconic character Jaidi which he himself played with endearing zaniness, passed away here ‘on Sunday. He was 77. He leaves behind his is no For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,“Practice Makes A Man Perfect” Solved Papers 2016-19 MeL EESS Etim Prpiation siadeg panjos Buy Online Think CSS- Think HSM HSM CSS Compulsory Subjects 2020 EDITION exam and not just gain knowledge. Here is where the previous year papers an important role. They authentic source to know the pattern of estions asked in both the \yzing these papers, you get an idea about w number of static a dynamic questions being asked over the So, solve more and more Previous Year CSS Papers for better understanding of the exam pattern and nature of questions askedUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 wife and four sons. Mr Khan was born in the Indian state of Rampur on Jan 1, 1943. After independence his family opted to migrate to Pakistan and came to Lahore where he acquired his early education. He graduated from the Urdu Science College, Karachi, and then obtained a master’s degree in journalism from the University of Punjab. Mr Khan wrote and performed in several shows and plays for radio (such as Rang hi rung Jaidi ke sang) and television (Hello hello, intizar farmayey, “Burger family, Jaidi in trouble, Ba adab ba mulahiza hoshiyar*, etc). He contributed to quite a few films as a story and dialogue writer, including Bazi and Manjhi kithey dhawan (Punjabi). Balochistan govt to fill 58 posts through service commission (May 13, 2020) The Balochistan cabinet has decided to fill 58 vacant posts of naib tehsildar through the Public Service Commission to ensure merit in the recruitment process. The decision was taken at a meeting of the provincial cabinet presided over by Chief Minister Jam Kamal Khan Alyani Baltistan varsity announces online exam policy (May 14, 2020) The University of Baltistan, Skardu, has announced its examination & assessment policy for current spring semester-2020 after completion of the ongoing online distance education through LMS-based software. In this regard, Vice Chancellor Prof Mohammad Naeem Khan shared salient features and key points of the online examination policy with over 200 vice chancellors from all private and public sector universities of Pakistan, who attended a VCs committee meeting through video conferencing According to a press release issued here, the assessment of mid- term examinations (based on sessional assignments, quizzes, projects, case studies, presentations, online viva voce etc, will be completed online before June 10, 2020. However, regular final-term examinations will be held on campus under strict SOPs and social distancing protocol between July 6-14, 2020. PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE Shehryar elected Kashmir committee chairman (May 14, 2020) Shehryar Afridi was elected chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Kashmir in a controversial move following walkout of members from three mainstream opposition parties. The committee members from the PML-N, PPP and Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam-Fazl staged a walkout when their plea for adjournment was dismissed. The position of the committee's head had fallen vacant after Fakhar Imam resigned following his appointment as a federal minister. Talking to reporters after the walkout, PPP parliamentary leader in the Senate Sherry Rehman deplored that the government had broken the parliamentary tradition of electing Kashmir committee chairman with a consensus. named as PM's special assistant on ‘political communication’ (May 14, 2020) Mr Shahbaz Gill is the 15th person to have been appointed as special assistant to the prime minister and it is the first federal cabinet in the country’s history to have such a large number of special assistants. With the inclusion of Dr Gill, who has previously served as the official spokesman for Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar, the cabinet size has increased to 51. There are 27 federal ministers, four ministers of state, 15 special assistants and five advisers in the cabinet, besides 36 parliamentary secretaries who are only responsible to represent the ministers in the National Assembly during its proceedings. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 19 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Japan to provide $4m Covid-19 aid (May 15, 2020) Japan has decided to release the fifth tranche of assistance worth $4 million to Pakistan to support its efforts to combat Covid-19. Prior to this grant assistance, the Japanese government had provided a total assistance of $3,410,000 to Pakistan through the United Nations Children’s Fund, International Organisation for Migration, International Federation of Red Cross and. UN High Commission for Refugees for a similar support, said a press release issued by the Japanese Embassy. Through the fresh grant assistance, the United Nations Office for Project Services will provide necessary technical assistance and equipment and material to prevent the spread of Covid-19 by considering the situation on the ground as well as the request it received from Pakistan. Double honour for Pakistani filmmaker at German festival (May 18, 2020) Singapore-based Pakistani filmmaker Shehzad Hameed Ahmad's documentary PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE 20 series on Afghanistan has won two Silver awards at the prestigious World Media Festivals 2020 at Hamburg, Germany.According to a press release, the award-winning documentary had only last month swept two awards at the recently held New York Festival 2020.Mr Ahmad's insightful and captivating documentaries on the war in Afghanistan, ‘Caught in the Crossfire’ and ‘The Battle for Kabul’ won the awards in the Global Issues and Political documentaries category, respectively. Pakistan rejects India's new Kashmir domicile rules (May 20, 2020) Pakistan rejected Indian government's recently announced domicile rules for occupied Kashmir which allows non-locals to seek permanent residence in the disputed region. India notified new rules that permit those who have lived in India-held Kashmir for 15 years, or studied there for seven years and appeared in class 10th or 12th examinations in a local school, to apply for Kashmir domicile, a mandatory condition for seeking jobs in the Himalayan region.Before the abrogation of Article 370 and the new domicile rules, no outsider could apply for permanent residency or government jobs in the conflict-hit region. FAO decides to educate farmers on pandemic (May 20, 2020) The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations has decided to redesign the curricula of ‘Farmer Field Schools’ to educate rural communities on the precautionary measures to combat coronavirus for safe agricultural practices including the handling of pesticides. The impacts of the virus outbreak resulted in the disruption of food supply chains, gaps in farming inputs and unemployment. The FAO implementation and operations continue in the field, with the organisation reaching out to the farmers and those most vulnerable to these shocks. Safety of vulnerable populations, careful planning and social safeguarding measures while delivering the support remains the utmost priority. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 homes in Karachi (22 May ‘soo} A Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) passenger plane flying from Lahore has crashed into a residential area of Karachi, killing at least 76 people.The pilots of flight PK8303, an Airbus A320 carrying 91 passengers and eight crew, were attempting to land at the city’s Jinnah International Airport.The plane had attempted one landing but as it went round again lost its engines and issued a mayday call.At least two passengers are confirmed to have survived the crash. $500m AIIB loan to mitigate Covid-19 impact (May 27, 2020) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) will provide budgetary support worth $500 million to Pakistan to mitigate the significant negative economic and social impacts caused by Covid-19 Supported under the 'Covid-19 Crisis Recovery Facility’, the AIB loan for the government's health sector and counter-cyclical development expenditure programme will be co-financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to effectively manage the coronavirus outbreak and reduce its immediate social and economic damages. Under the financing plan for the programme, the AIIB will provide $500m, while the ADB loan will amount to $500m. The estimated loan closing date has been set for December 2021. A report of the AIIB on the proposed loan said Covid-19 has significantly impacted Pakistan's ability to continue with the ‘ongoing economic recovery programme initiative and sustain high and inclusive Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com PAKISTAN AT A GLANCE 24 growth. The ADB estimates that both exports and remittances will decline by $2 billion during the fiscal year ending June 2020. Total revenue is expected to decline by almost $6bn and will contribute maximum to Pakistan higher fiscal deficit of two per cent during the fiscal year 2020. These impacts have already led to significant job losses — both in formal and informal sectors. NSU =\y et ee WA h-Pakistani woman becomes first ijab-wearing judge (May 28, 2020) Raffia Arshad, 40, was appointed deputy district judge on the Midlands circuit last week following a 17-year career in law. According to a statement released by the Muslim Council of Britain, Ms Arshad was the first in a Western country to be appointed a judge in hijab and amongst a handful of female Muslim judges around the world Educated at a Grammar School in West Yor- kshire, the newly-appointed judge was the first from her family to go to university. She has also written a book titled Islamic Family Law. Pakistani peacekeeper awarded Dag Hammarskjold medal (May 29, 2020) Pakistani peacekeeper Sepoy Amir Aslam, who served the UN peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo, was posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjold medal by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres at a ceremony held at the UN headquarters. At the ceremony a total of 83 military, police, and civilian personnel from 39 countries who lost their lives while serving in peacekeeping operations last year were honoured. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 plan to launch 1st satellite to monitor Arctic climate in 2020 (May 4, 2020) Russia has planned to launch the Ist satellite named Arktika-M to monitor the Arctic climate and environment later this year. Arktika-M 1 spacecraft has been developed and is undergoing radio-electronic testing. This satellite is planned to launch at the end of 2020. The launch will take place on Soyuz +2,1b carrier rocket with frigate booster. What is Arktika-M? Arktika-M is a remote-sensing and emergency communications satellites which will allow improving weather forecasts and will enable scientists to better study climate change in the Arctic region. Through the launch of the satellites, Russia aims to develop a unique satellite network dedicated to monitoring the weather conditions of the Arctic region. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: Vladimir Putin is President of Russia. Moscow is the capital city of Russia The Russian ruble is the currency Russia. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com THE WORLD AT A GLANCE 22 China launches new rocket “Long March 5B” successfully (May 6, 2020) China has successfully launched a new rocket named “Long March 5B” into space as it steps up Moon landing plans. This rocket is launched in Wenchang launch site that is located on the island of Hainan, china. The rocket is a massive vehicle and is being compared with deep space Orion capsule of NASA. The rocket in the future will help China transport astronauts to space station by 2022. The rocket launch will also aid China in its plans of building a huge space station called “Tiangong”. Tiangong is the space station programme of China. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: China Capital: Beijing; Currency of China: Renminbi. President of China: Xi Jinping. ‘st Mustafa Al Kadhimi becomes new Prime Minister of Iraq (May 7, 2020) Former intelligence chief of Iraq Mustafa al- Kadhimi becomes new Iraqi prime minister. Former PM Adil-Abdul Mahdi resigned in November last year. The Iraqi parliament approved Kadhimi's government at an emergency session. He will begin his term without a full cabinet, however, after several ministerial candidates were rejected. He is serving as the head of Iraq's National Intelligence Service (NIS) from 2016. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: Capital of Iraq: Baghdad. The currency of Iraq: Iraqi dinar. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Designed for CSS, PMS, PCS IR TuaTOretL TMT utelttsyo4 VA Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Iran introduces new currency “Toman” to tackle Inflation (May 8, 2020) “Toman”. Under the bill, Iran national currency is going to be changed from the rial to the Toman, which is adequate to 10,000 rials. The idea of removing four zeros has been floated since 2008 but gained strength after 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump exited Iran's 2015 nuclear deal and reimposed sanctions because the rial lost quite 60% of its value. Iran's weak currency and high inflation have led to sporadic street protests since late 2017. Important takeaways for all compet exams: Iran Capital: Tehran; President of Iran: Hassan Rouhani. ive WHO, UN's release postage stamp on 40th anniversary of smallpox eradication (May 11, 2020) The World Health Organization (WHO) and therefore the United Nation (UN) postal agency released commemorative Postage Stamp on the 40th anniversary of the eradication of smallpox. The commemorative stamp was designed and developed by Sergio Baradat, United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA) together with WHO. The stamp serves to honour the millions of people working together, from world leaders and international organizations to rural doctors and community doctors to eradicate smallpox. Tedros Adhanom expressed his gratitude to a top Indian-origin Atul Khare for creating this commemorative stamp Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | THE WORLD AT A GLANCE 24 possible. Born in India, Khare is that the Under-Secretary-General for the Department of Operational Support (DOS) and therefore the UN Postal Administration is within the DOS Division of Administration. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: - Headquarters of WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. Director-general of WHO: Tedros Adhanom. Fo) _ pie 1 an x oncna SSSIOMOA Slovenia becomes 1st coronavirus-free country in Europe (May 15, 2020) Slovenia becomes the 1st nation in Europe to declare an official end to the COVID-19 pandemic. More restrictions have now been eased in the country and people entering from other European Union states. The country housing over 2 million people bordered with Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia has reported 1,464 cases of COVID- 19 disease and 103 deaths after declaring a pandemic. The government has considerably eased many restrictions that were initially imposed to flatten the curve of disease spread. The educational institutions will be allowed to accept students in preschools along with in the first three grades in primary schools. All shops and driving schools are also given a green signal to resume their service: For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Important takeaways for all comp: exams: Capital of Slovenia: Ljubljana The currency of Slovenia: Euro Prime Minister of Slovenia: Janez Janza. China announces USD 2 billion help at WHO assembly (May 18, 2020) China has announced to provide USD 2 billion over two years to fight the coronavirus pandemic at WHO assembly. The USD 2 billion over subsequent two years will support COVID-19 response efforts, particularly in developing countries. The decision comes after, when China faced growing global pressure over the lockdowns, the death toll and a huge increase in coronavirus cases that has brought the world to a standstill. WHO announced the coronavirus outbreak to be a worldwide health emergency on January 30. It declared the outbreak to be a pandemic on March 11, after the virus had killed thousands globally. Important takeaways for all competitive exams: China Capital: Beijing; Currency of China: Renminbi. President of China: Xi Jinping. WHO to initiate Independent Inquiry in handling of COVID-19 (May 20, 2020) The World Health Organisation will be initiating Independent Inquiry in the handling of COVID-19. In order to achieve this, the organization is to launch “Resolution on COVID-19 response”. The main aim of the review is to put an end to the international blame game in the origin of COVID-19. The resolution was taken at the 73rd World Health Assembly that was held through video conference. Around 116 countries backed the resolution of independent review. The idea of the resolution was initiated by Australia. However, the resolution was drafted by the European Union. China opposed the resolution. THE WORLD AT A GLANCE 5 Important takeaways for all compet exams: Headquarters of WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. Director-general of WHO: Tedros Adhanom. USA withdraws from Open Skies treaty(May 23, 2020) The Treaty on Open Skies was signed in 2002 and recently US President Donald Trump has announced that the USA is to withdraw from Open Skies treaty accusing that Russia has not stuck to its part of the deal. This is the third international arms pact inline from which the US has pulled out since Donald Trump become President. The treaty was established by 34 members on an aerial surveillance system for its participants. Important Static for all competitive examination: Effective: 1 January 2002 rs: 35 Location: Helsinki WHO suspends hydroxychloroquine trial as COVID-19 treatment (May 25, 2020) The World Health Organization said Monday it had temporarily suspended clinical trials of hydroxychloriquine as a potential treatment Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 for COVID-19 being carried out across a range of countries as a precautionary measure. The decision came after publication last week of a study in The Lancet which indicated that using the drug on COVID-19 patients could increase their chances of dying, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told a virtual press conference. Hydroxychloroquine is normally used to treat arthritis but pronouncement from public figures including US President Donald Trump—who announced last week he is taking the drug—has prompted governments to bulk buy the medicine Brazil's health minister also recommended last week using hydroxychloroquine, as well as the anti-malarial chloroquine, to treat even mild COVID-19 cases. The Lancet study found that both drugs can produce potentially serious side effects, particularly heart arrhythmia. Russia constructs its first Stealth Bomber (May 26, 2020) Russia has reportedly started construction of a prototype of its first stealth bomber - which should be ready next year. The plane will be able to carry “cruise missiles, precision bombs and hypersonic weapons", reported state- controlled news agency TASS. The aircraft will compete with America’s B-2 stealth bomber, which entered service in 1997. China is also working on a stealth bomber, the Xian H-20, with speculation it could be unveiled at an airshow in November A €750 Billion Virus Recovery Plan Thrusts Europe Into a New Frontier(May 27, 2020) For decades, even when the 2008 financial Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | THE WORLD AT A GLANCE 4 crisis threatened to blow the bloc apart, the European Union's wealthier nations resisted the notion of collective debt. But the coronavirus has so fundamentally damaged the bloc’s economy that it is now forcing European leaders to consider the sort of unified and sweeping response once thought unworkable. The European Commission, the bloc’s executive branch, on Wednesday proposed that it raise 750 billion euros, or $826 billion, ‘on behalf of all members to finance their recovery from the economic collapse brought ‘on by the virus, the worst crisis in the history of the European Union. Gl USS. joins G7 artificial intelligence group to counter China (May 29, 2020) The US has joined an international panel for setting ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence. The Trump administration had earlier dismissed the idea The Trump administration had been the lone holdout among leaders of the Group of Seven — the world’s wealthiest democracies — in setting up the Global Partnership on Al. US involvement is important because of the large role that American tech firms play globally and its historic advocacy for human rights, said Kay Mathiesen, an associate professor focused on computer ethics at Northeastern University in Boston. US tech companies such as Microsoft, Google and Apple are all concerned about what guidelines they should be following to use Al responsibly, she said. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comeae are Ruri Pade aa HOST el ar eco pertain Nahe aaa Ts a Mar dca (cr a mi re Mehmood Parcs Buy online: www.h Ay it emerUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 The pandemic has forced governments to enact various measures to limit the spread of the outbreak, a number of these measures had a significant impact on the organized crime landscape as well as the threat from terrorist extremists. The pandemic renders individuals and society extremely vulnerable in all respects. Criminal ‘organisations, states and state-backed actors seek to exploit the public health crisis to make a profit or advance geopolitical interests. What is the impact of COVID- 19 on terrorism and organised crime? The COVID-19-Terrorism Nexus Efforts to fight COVID-19 are diverting government resources away from militants and criminal organizations, creating opportunities, particularly for terrorist groups and international narcotics traffickers who thrive in vacuums of security. It is certain that COVID-19 will handicap domestic security and international efforts to COVID-19 ri IMPACT TERRORISM counter ISIS, allowing the terrorist group to better prepare terror attacks and escalate insurgency warfare on battlefields worldwide. ISIS has recently called on its members to intensify their fight against pro-western governments, particularly in Iraq. Boko Haram has also stepped up attacks in West Africa And even as Iran, which is grappling with a severe COVID-19 outbreak, is supporting its Shia proxies inside Iraq to continue the attack ‘on US bases The US has ‘expressed its concern over Irans inventory of 2,500-3,000 ballistic missiles as coronavirus outbreak makes Tehran more dangerous, US CENTCOM Commander General Kenneth McKenzie. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times Western coalition forces, including the UK, France, and Spain, have withdrawn troops from Iraq, amid the risk of contagion. If coalition support, already affected by US-Iran tensions, is further compromised by COVID- 19 and Coalition's tendency to retrench, an Iraqi state is likely to struggle to contain ISIS insurgents. How criminal organizations exploit the COVID-19 crisis? “Criminals have quickly seized opportunities to exploit the crisis by adopting their modi operandi or engaging in new criminal activities,” Catherine De Bolle, Executive Director, Europol, said. “Organised crime groups are notoriously flexible and adaptable and their capacity to exploit this crisis means we need to be constantly vigilant and prepared.” Criminals have been quick to seize opportunities to exploit the crisis by adapting their modi operandi or engaging in new criminal activities. Lockdowns and border closures are making it harder for Mafia and criminal organizations to conduct trafficking and smuggling - most of which go through legal border crossings — but organized crime is set to make a killing by loan sharking to bankrupting businesses as quarantine ease. “It is difficult to assess the short-term impact of the current pandemic crisis on drug markets,” Europol told International Insider. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 a "However, it is likely to shift supply-demand dynamics and may disrupt illegal supply channels. Some reporting indicates the stockpiling of certain drugs by consumers and supply shortages in (pre-)precursors and essential chemicals used in drug production in the EU. This will likely impact on production output and prices and could potentially result in an increase of drug-related violence.” COVID-19 and Cybercrime The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cybercrime has been the most visible and striking compared to other criminal activities. Europol said that the number of cyberattacks against companies, organizations, and individuals is significant and is expected to increase. Criminal organizations have been benefiting from the COVID-19 crisis carrying out social engineering attacks themed around the pandemic to distribute various malware packages. “With a huge number of people teleworking from home, often with outdated security systems, cybercriminals prey on the opportunity to take advantage of this surreal situation and focus even more on cybercriminal activities,’ De Bolle said. "lam very concerned about the rise of child sexual abuse online. Europol is investing resources and capacities to support Member States in countering cyber-dependent crime during this difficult situation”. Cybercriminals are exploiting an increasing number of attack vectors as a more significant number of employers use telework and allow external connections to their organizations’ systems. For Example, Czech authorities have recently reported a cyberattack on Brno University Hospital, which forced the hospital to shut down its entire IT network temporarily. Europol has been monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cybercrime landscape since the beginning of the current crisis, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Europol Europol, European Law Enforcement Organisation(noun) police organization for the European Union; aims to improve effectiveness and cooperation among European police forces Capgemin Capgemini is a global leader in consulting, digital transformation, technology and engineering services. The Group is at the forefront of innovation to address the entire breadth of clients’ opportunities in the evolving world of cloud, digital and platforms. — Europol and Capgemini signs MoU to tackle cyber threats Europol's European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Capgemini to tackle cyber threats. The partnership with the consulting, technology services and digital transformation company will have at the heart of of this collaboration joint exercises, capacity building and prevention campaigns. When it comes to enhancing cybersecurity throughout Europe, collaboration between the private and the public sector is key for improving digital resilience and exchanging intelligence. With this MoU, Capgemini and Europol have established and agreed to foster collaboration on various activities. This includes the development of cyber simulation exercises, capacity building, and Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | COVID-19 collaborating on prevention and awareness campaigns. As a first step in the roadmap, earlier this month Capgemini joined the No More Ransom Project as a supporting partner. Europol's European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) is specialised in supporting the prevention and investigation of cyber-attacks, child sexual exploitation, payment fraud and the online trade of illegal commodities through the dark web, becoming a cybercriminal information hub and a platform for cooperation with the private sector and the cybersecurity community. Europol is supporting a number of law enforcement operations targeting criminals attempting to exploit the pandemic in different ways. A number of cases are related to criminals trafficking counterfeit medicines ‘or abusing the public concerns through large scale scams and frauds. Europol is currently building an intelligence picture of the different criminal phenomena appearing during this crisis. The agency has released two situation reports outlining the current developments which fall under a number of crime areas (cybercrime, fraud, property crime and counterfeiting). CYBER SAFETY CHECKLIST For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUnder Graduate 5- ey AM Pe ne ene au Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Will Islamabad be able to bring the pandemic __ flattening the curve and containing the virus’ under control? spread by imposing a lockdown may have By Umair Jamal already become irrelevant. The utility of the The government in Pakistan is considering lockdown was highest when the crisis was at the imposition of another countrywide an early stage and limited to Pakistan's urban lockdown if the COVID-19 situation areas. With the virus’ spread now hitting all continues to get worse. For Pakistan, corners of the country and transmission Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 if another lockdown is the solution or if it can be implemented at all. Pakistan's hospitals are already operating above their capacity and turning away patients. Officially, the tally of COVID-19 cases in Pakistan has surpassed 60,000. So far, more than 1,200 people have died all across Pakistan. During the last 24 hours alone, around 2,400 people affected by the COVID- 19 were admitted to public hospitals or facilities created by the government. According to the latest figures, Pakistan only has around 4,000 ventilators, of which 2,200 are possessed by public sector hospitals. During the last two days, more than 150 people were put on the ventilators across the country, Pakistan faces a serious crisis when it comes to tracking the pandemic's spread, and monitoring the severity of the situation. The actual story of the crisis is far worse than being reported. The cases emerging in the major urban areas are the key focus for the health officials. Arguably, it's one of the reasons that cities like Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and Islamabad have recorded more cases than other places. Smaller cities and adjacent towns across Pakistan, which are not the focus of the public health officials, neither have the capacity nor infrastructure in place to handle COVID-19 cases or record them correctly for the national or international audience. According to the World Health COVID-19 patterns developing in rural areas, it is unclear 3 Organization (WHO), the current toll of fatalities from the COVID-19 cannot be gauged accurately in low or middle-income countries where only 30 percent of deaths take place in hospitals with known causes. This scenario is actually true for Pakistan as a growing number of people potentially dying from the virus only leave trails of breathing problems among their relatives and friends. On the other hand, in the country's rural areas, no effort whatsoever is being made to either educate people of the virus's threat or to test, track, and record cases. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 all According to a WHO report published last week, COVID-19's local transmission in Pakistan has risen to 80 percent. By lifting the lockdown, the government may have created an opening for the virus’ spread that may have been nonexistent before. For instance, there is still an ongoing debate about whether the virus’ spread has taken place in Pakistan's rural areas. There is no data to back any claim as the government is not accurately recording cases from the country’s rural areas. However, one can argue that one week of the Eid holidays and the lifting of the lockdown that allowed millions of workers to travel back to their villages from major urban zones may have worsened the problem. There are real risks that these workers might have taken the virus back to their villages, setting up new clusters in regions that may have been previously safe. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times Going forward, it is unclear how the government plans to contain the virus' spread when it couldn't implement a clear policy during the early stages of the pandemic. The imposition of another lockdown is set to fail for several reasons. Pakistan has never implemented a complete lockdown in a true sense. In this regard, the scuffle between the center and the provinces continues to pose a challenge. Right-wing hardliners want to keep mosques open while small and major businesses have developed lobbies within the. government to push for the opening of the economy. Pakistan's ruling party remains a divided house on the matter too. The country's social media is abuzz with posts from the government's ministers pushing for the ‘opening of businesses and others asking for a strict lockdown to contain the virus's spread. Making the situation worse is the stressed capacity of the health care system, lack of training of the staff to record cases accurately, and the unavailability of the protective equipment. Reportedly, testing labs in Pakistan are operating under war conditions. The percentage of errors in collecting Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 5 samples is very high. Recently, one of the largest testing facilities for coronavirus in Pakistan “received a batch of 800 samples from Bahawalpur in Punjab, of which only 261 could be processed” "The labels were wrong, the samples had leaked, the tags had rubbed off. This affects our testing capacity and accuracy,” said a doctor working in the facility. The government has never communicated its policy firmly or with a clear-headed approach. Talk of another lockdown will not ease Pakistan's troubles. In fact, it's unlikely that people are going to follow the announcement of another lockdown as economic pressures reach boiling point. The best and perhaps the only time to effectively impose a strict lockdown was when the crisis was at the early stages and the government had a narrative to sell From here onward, news of another lockdown with zero or no enforcement strategy will only create more problems. As the government loses control of the situation, it is COVID-19 that will decide the fate of millions of oo Pakistanis. Courtesy: Diplomat For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,ETO] Mer arnTn ta ANE G IS — = FN acc. Oe i Encyclopedia Ne Knowledge Pmacacas Objective (MCQs) rs Cia So 1 _ PAs) ui Poe _— a S sz Buy Online www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly Times COVID-19 Quarantine aye a 3 S AS e oye Bony ox-Cerasy ove) Human jokeltoe Ahsan Mirza HSM June 2020 Psychological Terms Play Well that Man limitations. It is right that Stress. fear and has Three ages. isolations affects the human life. Id This pandemic spread the negative impacts to The id remains infantile in its function human health after reading some paper it is throughout a person's life and does not confirmed that psychological effect based on change with time or experience, as it is not in touch with the external world. The id is not affected by reality, logic or the everyday world, as it operates within the unconscious part of the mind. Ego The ego develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and the external real world. It is the decision-making component of personality. Ideally, the ego works by reason, whereas the id is chaotic and unreasonable. Superego The superego's function is to control the id's impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection. These types are described that how Human passed through type measure and forget his Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times stress and boredom. In the United States, where 5,214 people have been infected with the coronavirus, the National Domestic Violence Hotline reports that a growing number of callers say that their abusers are using COVID-19 as a means of further isolating them from their friends and family. "Perpetrators are threatening to throw their victims out on the street so they get sick,” Katie Ray-Jones, the CEO of the National Domestic Violence Hotline tells TIME. “We've heard of some withholding financial resources ‘or medical assistance.” From Europe to Asia, Millions of people have been placed under lockdown, as the coronavirus infects more than 183,000 people But Anita Bhatia, the Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Women tells TIME that "the very technology we are using to defend people from the virus can perversely impact dead of domestic violence Effects of Past Quarantine Measures While each circumstance is unique, looking at past events can provide a look into the pevenoloutcal impact that quarantines may lave. Between 2002 and 2004, more than 15,000 people in Toronto voluntarily went into quarantine due to exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SARS, like COVID-19, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. For around 10 days, these individuals were asked not to leave their homes, not to have visitors, to wear face masks around other family members, to avoid sharing personal items, and to wash their hands frequently, among other measures. Later research indicated that quarantined individuals COVID-19 8 experienced a range of both immediate and short-term psychological consequences. All of those surveyed reported feelin isolated while in quarantine as a result of the lack of social and physical contact with others. People felt cut off from the rest of the world because they were unable to do normal activities. For some, health precautions such as wearing a face mask increased their feelings of anxiety and isolation. In addition to the feelings of social isolation during quarantine, participants reported longer-lasting psychological distress for around a month afterwards. Almost 29% of participants displayed PTSD symptoms, while 31.2% had depressive symptoms. Stigma can also create mental distress following a quarantine. One study found that 29% felt that other people avoided them after they had been in quarantine. Possible Mental Health Effect of Coronavirus Quarantines A 2019 review in The Lancet analyzed the results of past studies to get a better idea of how COVID-19 may impact those who are quarantined. The review found that psychological distress is common both during and after periods of quarantine. People commonly experienced: * Fear Sadness Numbness Insomnia Confusion Anger Post-traumatic stress symptoms Depressive symptoms Low mood Stress Emotional disturbance Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 - There is some evidence that there may be longer-term consequences as well. Substance and alcohol dependency was more common up to three years after quarantine. While individual reactions to self-imposed or mandated isolation will vary, you may be likely to have feelings of loneliness, sadness, fear, anxiety, and stfess. Such feelings are normal given the circumstances. However, there are steps you can take to protect your mental health and well-being while coping with a quarantine. Factors That Influence Coping It is important to remember that everyone copes with stress differently. Some people may be better able to weather a quarantine for a wide variety of reasons including factors such as resilience and overall personality. Some factors that might play a role: Your Current Mental Health Previously existing mental health conditions, including depressive and anxiety disorders, UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 39 How You Deal With Stress Ifyou tend to be fairly resilient in the face of stress, you may have coping skills that will allow you to manage being quarantined without many negative effects. Your Personality Personality differences might affect how you cope. Extroverts, for example, may struggle more with the feelings of loneliness that isolation brings. Extroversion is characterized by a high need for social interaction. Extroverts may experience more loneliness or find staying home more difficult This doesn't necessarily mean that extroverts need to be constantly immersed in social situations, and there are ways to fulfil the need for interaction among even the most outgoing personality types. Online communities can be a great way to maintain connections and talking on the phone can provide much-needed socialization. People with more introverted personalities d to enjoy solitude, so they may have an can also impactan individu: ability to cope. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comAgriculture&ForestryMCQs For CSS/PCS/PMS/NTS/NAT/GAT (Subject)/Lecturer Agriculture Officer/Forest Officer And All Other Se Exams 1 tf} (es Ra Ava erent Forestry MCQs in Entomology & Plant Pathology with explanation . | TaD DU sas Aggicullre Oficer& Forest Oficer PO ere nc) ore Bie ol vl] vr Sn) eeUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times easier time coping with reduced or limited social interactions. Introverts tend to feel drained after socializing, so they may cope pretty well during quarantine—at least for a time. Even introverts need social contact, so finding ways to connect with others in some way is still essential, How Long You Are in Quarantine The duration of quarantine is a key factor in determining how well people cope. Research suggests that minimizing the length of quarantine can help. The longer restrictions last, the more pronounced the effects are. While there may be a minimum period required to mitigate potential disease spread, such as the recommended 14-day self- isolation to minimize the risk of spreading coronavirus prolonging quarantine beyond the recommended time may cause greater detriments to mental well-being. Ways to Feel Less Lonely During the Coronavirus Things You Can Do to Cope Researchers suggest that there are steps that may help mitigate some of the negative mental health effects of quarantine. Establish Routines COVID-19 Mt The disruption in your normal daily routines can be one of the most difficult aspects of quarantine, This can leave you feeling irectionless as you try toh figure out how to fill all the hours of the day. If you're working from homie ieanibe helpful to structure your time much like a regular workday. This can be a challenge, however, if you're at home with other family members, including children, who are now home all day as well. Left without the structure of a normal school day, kids can be left feeling just as out-of-sorts as adults. If you're trying to keep small kids entertained while stuck in the house, or even trying to keep working amidst it all, it's important to find a routine that works for you. Plan out activities that will keep everyone busy so you can get some work done. Try creating a daily schedule, but don't get too wrapped up in sticking to a strict routine. Make your routines and break up the day to stave off monotony. Be As Active As Possible Even relatively short periods of physical inactivity can have an impact on your health, both mentally and physically. One study found that just two weeks of inactivity could lead to reductions in muscle mass and metabolic effects Fortunately, there are plenty of at-home workout ideas that can help keep you moving even when you are stuck inside the house. Your quarantine may be brief, but staying active may help you feel better and Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times maintain your fitness levels. It's also a great way to help combat the sense of malaise and boredom that can come from being stuck inside day after day. At Home work ideas, 1 Exercise 2 online workout 3 fitness app Combat Frustration and Boredom Some of the distress of being quarantined stems from boredom and frustration. Finding ways to stay occupied is important, so try to maintain as many of your routines as you can Keep working on projects or find new activities to fill your time, whether it's organizing your closet or trying out a new creative hobby. Getting things done can provide a sense of purpose and competency. It gives you something to work towards and something to look forward to each day. So make a plan, list some things you'd like to accomplish, and then start checking a few things off your list each day. Communicate Staying in contact with other people not only staves off boredom, but it is also critical for minimizing the sense of isolation. Stay in UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 4 touch with friends and family by phone and text. Reach out to others on social media. If possible, join a support group or discussion oard specifically for people who are in quarantine. Talking to others who are going through the same thing can provide a sense of community and empowerment. Stay Informed, but Not Overwhelmed People tend to experience greater anxiety when they feel like they don't have access to the information that they need. On the other hand, however, is the sense of panic that can stem from being immersed 24/7 in reports that focus on inaccurate or overly negative information. Rather than spend your time watching cable news, focus on getting helpful information from trusted sources. Sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), state and local health departments, and your doctor can all be helpful Remember That Kids Are Stressed, Too Research has found that children who had been through quarantine had exhibited PTSD symptoms at four times the rate of children who had not been quarantined. The CDC recommends that parents and other adults talk to children about the COVID-19 outbreak in a way that is informative, age- appropriate, and reassuring.Focus on maintaining & sense of structure at home and model healthy, positive behaviours. Managing your anxiety can help calm the fears of children in your home. Remember Why You're Doing This When you are feeling frustrated or cooped up, it can be helpful to think about the reasons why you are quarantining yourself. If you have been potentially exposed to coronavirus, avoiding others is an altruistic action. You minimize the chance that you might unknowingly spread the illness to other Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS" June 20: mes people, even if you are currently asymptomatic. Flattening the Curve Slowing the spread of the illness helps keep the number of sick people at a level that hospitals can treat. If infection rates spike abruptly as the disease spreads, hospitals and health care workers can be overwhelmed and unable to adequately treat everyone. By doing your part to prevent the spread of the disease, you are protecting others and making sure that those who are sick can have greater access to available health resources. Reminding yourself of these reasons can sometimes make your days in quarantine a little easier to bear. How to Find Professional Support Fortunately, there are ways to find someone to talk to without leaving the house. Telehealth options increasingly allow people to talk to doctors online and several online therapy options allow people to speak with a Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | covip-t9 professional therapist online, by phone call, text, email, or through a video call. It can be a great way to get extra support during a difficult time. The CDC recommends that anyone with a preexisting mental health condition should continue their existing treatment. A Word From Verywell Strategies such as quarantine, social distancing, handwashing, and other safety precautions can all play an important role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. Finding ways to protect your mental health when you are in quarantine is important since research has shown that this type of brief isolation can potentially have several detrimental effects, from low mood and irritability to symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. Staying busy, keeping in contact with others by phone and social media, and maintaining a sense of structure are just a few key ways that you can mentally manage your For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times quarantine. As infectious diseases like SARC was widespread epidemic bugs. SARC_ was terminating all the measures of widespread. Although these measures were successful in terminating the outbreak in all areas of the world, the adverse effects of quarantine have not previously been determined systematically. Coronavirus is becoming epidemic to pandemic virus with time. COVID is a type of 19 forms of the virus and unfortunately, it comes into 2019 and WHO gives it the name COVID 19. COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan Dec 2019. Wuhan is the largest trading market in China. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 44 Stress and fear What is stress? In psychology A state of mental or emotional strain or suspense. What is Fear? An emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger. A man who always fear about something and take stress he will never strong. Human reaction change they are fear as well as sad. Human life surrounded in different feelings like fear, sad, and angry. Many people feel discomfort in it live alone and difficult to sleep. A lot of people also feel Disorder in their health, they fall in stomach problem, mental diseases, and heart problem also spread like an epidemic disease. Our body need time to correct our routine as well as care. There are many reasons pf stress in our life schools are closed parks gyms, as well as training, has close. Impacts of social stress A lot of people lose their jobs, ad business in this way they felt stress and fear to earn. Many people have lived in abroad and separated from their country. Domestic violence also increase day by day. Stress is a very common thing it's up to us how we tackle this and became normal in quarantine days. Social impacts know as a social readjustment rating scale. Tomas Holmes present this scale and rating all the social impacts. Like deaths rate. Divorce rate, imprisonment, and mental disability. It is a natural phenomenon that When we are feeling stress our behaviour and way of communication change with passage of time, Human communication change in two ways like individual and collectivistic. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comWe are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comMonthly HSM CSS Times Individualistic based on culture because everyone is independent in his life. Collectivistic it's based on different states or different areas of communications lie family and states dealing. In Pakistan where a crime like domestic violence is still becoming a taboo subject. Lot of women prey fall in violence. Lack of awareness, flawed of religious believe that allowed the violence against women this is enough to act like an animal. Many states faced the music to reduce the domestic violence. Center for diseases control and prevention said that 3-4 men and women face domestic violence in the USA. CDC said that 41% of female faced violence and 14% of male faced violence and 7% homicide cases killed by their partners. So, people are going to crazy due to Quarantine. They bound their mind and thoughts in negatives ways. They just wanted to free from all things but impossible. The world faced already many types of diseases and fought to prevent this but this social quarantine enhancing the psychological effects on human health the more violence and disorder in society is happing. Josie Serrata psychologist said that stress and social isolations sprea violence. Pakistan ready to counter the domestic violence and spread the awareness towards people. Ministry of human rights Pakistan give helpline to protect the women and as well as child abuse. it is reality everything has measures if it increases form ratio it harmful for human health as well as society it is our first duty to control our minds and hate feelings. When Measures of human life extended and enhance and punning without the domestic UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 46 Suggestion Strategies such as quarantine, social distancing, handwashing, and other safety precautions can all play an important role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. Finding ways to protect your mental health when you are in quarantine is important since research has shown that this type of brief isolation can potentially have a number of detrimental effects, from low mood and irritability to symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. Staying busy, keeping in contact with others by phone and social media, and maintaining a sense of structure are just a few key ways that you can mentally manage your quarantine. Conclusion Despite limited evidence, all the studies found quarantine to be important in reducing the number of people infected and the number of deaths. Results showed that quarantine was most effective, and cost less when it was started earlier. Combinin quarantine with other prevention and control measures had a greater effect than quarantine alone. Ray-Jones says "we are in uncharted territories in terms of what survivors are reign so it forgets the limitations of society going to experience Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,w Buy Online www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.com Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM June 20: Recently, China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs pushed back on the notion that Beijing was actively exploiting the predicament of Southeast Asian claimant states in the South China Sea. Calling charges. of opportunism "sheer nonsense,” Chinese Foreign Minister and State Councilor. Wang Yi, in remarks last Sunday, sought to highlight China's cooperation with states in the region. As is tradition, Wang pointed to the United States as the source ofall ills in the South China Sea, charging Washington with militarizing the region, where China and five other states — the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan — have overlapping territorial claims. Beijing has held up U.S. freedom of navigation operations and other mundane military activities in the region as destabilizing. While the world is distracted by the coronavirus pandemic, China has been quietly taking paramilitary and political-legal actions in the South China Sea that could be game-changing imes_ INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS focused elsewhere and exhau: Chinese encroachments, Bei approaching an irretrievable tipping point. China aims to coerce its maritime neighbors to abandon their claims and territorial rights under international law and irrevocably alter the status quo. Beijing seeks to impose its so Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 -called nine-dash line, an unrecognized boundary it has drawn around 85 percent of the South China Sea, almost all of it in international waters, and through which $3.4 trillion in shipped goods pass each year—freely, at least for now. Overview The South China Sea is a critical commercial gateway for a significant portion of the world's merchant shipping, and hence is an important economicand strategic sub-region of the Indo- Pacific. It is also the site of several complex territorial disputes that have been the cause of conflict and tension within the region and throughout the Indo-Pacific. Geography Geographically, the South China Sea plays a significant role in the geopolitics of the Indo CHINA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS -Pacific. The South China Sea is bordered by Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Their recent economic growth has contributed to a large portion of the world’s commercial merchant shipping passing through these waters. Japan and South Korea rely heavily on the South China Sea for their supply of fuels and raw materials and as an export route, although the availability of diversionary sea lanes bypassing the South China Sea provides non-littoral states with some flexibility in this regard. The South China Sea also contains rich, though unregulated and cover-exploited fishing grounds and is reported to hold significant reserves of undiscovered oil and gas, which is an aggravating factor in TAIWAN, MYANMAR fe a ‘ SOUTH CHINA SEA 1 ! THAILAND PARACEL ' \ _ ISLANDS ' ' ! CAMBODIA, | PHILIPPINES , VIETNAM MALAYSIA, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 50 Monthly HSM CSS Times bine 2020 maritime and territorial disputes. The major island and reef formations in the South China Sea are the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas, the Natuna Islands and Scarborough Shoal. Territorial Disputes Competing claims of territorial sovereignty over islands and smaller features in the South China Sea have been a longstanding source of tension and distrust in the region. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which was concluded in 1982 and came into force in 1994, established a legal framework intended to balance the economic and security interests of coastal states with those of seafaring nations. UNCLOS enshrines the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a 200 nautical mile area that extends sole exploitation rights to coastal nations over marine resources. However, the EEZ was never intended to serve as a security zone, and UNCLOS also guarantees wide-ranging passage tights for naval vessels and military aircraft. While UNCLOS has been signed and ratified by nearly all the coastal countries in the South China Sea, its interpretation is still hotly disputed. Moreover, legal and territorial disputes persist, primarily over the Spratly and Paracel Islands as well as Scarborough Shoal, the scene of ongoing tensions between China and the Philippines. In terms of the Spratlys, more than 60 geographic features are reportedly occupied by claimants, which consist of Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, China and Malaysia. The Paracel Islands are the subject of overlapping claims by China, Vietnam and Taiwan. China makes the largest claim in the South China Sea, within a ‘dash- line’ map published by the Kuomintang Government in 1947. The ambiguous nine or ten ‘dash line’, which China asserts is based on evidence of historical usage, is disputed by other South China Sea territorial claimants and lacks a legal foundation under UNCLOS. The Pentagon's 2018 National Defense Strategy has shifted the military's focus from counterterrorism operations to “great power competition” with China and Russia. The Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | economic policies of China and its militarization of the South China Sea and Russia's efforts to undermine NATO and its nuclear arsenal are major concerns for the U.S. military, according to the National Defense Strategy. The Mustin was also challenging China's claim of “straight baselines” around the Paracel Islands, which gives them claim to more water and zoning than they are entitled to under international law, according to the statement. The U.N.'s 1982 Law of the Sea states that territorial sea extends 12 nautical miles or 13.8 miles from the baseline or land of a coastal state Background The South China Sea is a key geopolitical hotspot. Stretching from the Strait of Malacca in the southwest to Taiwan in the north, itis one of the most important trade routes in the world. It connects the West Pacific with the Indian Ocean and is a partially enclosed sea bordered by Vietnam to the west, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia to the south, the Philippines and Brunei to the east and China as well as Taiwan to the north. About $3.4 trillion worth of trade passes through the South China Sea every year and itis estimated that it is ground for about 11 billion barrels of untapped oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. The geopolitical significance of the South China Sea stems not only from its lucrative fisheries and the vast gas and oil reserves that are believed to lie beneath its seabed, but also from the fact that around 1/3 of the world's vessels based trade passes through its waters, including up to 80% of China's oil imports. China claims sovereignty over the sea. Over the past four decades Beijing has antagonized competing claimants including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. As early as the 1970s, regional powers began to claim islands and various economic zones in the South China Sea, such as the Spratly Islands, which possess rich natural resources and fishing areas. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,ae HSM European History has been divided into 13 chapters tas namely, French Revolution of 1789, Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and Congress of Vienna Industrial Revolution, Unification of Italy and Germany, Imperialism and Colonialism, Russian Revolution, UPDATED & REVISED World War I, World War II, Liberation from Colonial Rule, Post War Foundations: NATO and European Community and Fall of the Soviet Union;; expansion and development of the European Union to Europe from 1991 to 2020. As the book has been designed strictly on the lines of latest FPSC Syllabus for CSS Exam and keeping in mind the changing nature of the civil services examinations, this book will serve as an impeccable tool in getting thorough knowledge of the European Rs .- History. We CURE W aso eu it usta a male MoarMrelseoa tirtes Ruane) enter retre] political cartoons and it also contains previous years SOLVED Question papers. BUY ONLINE www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times june 2020 Taiwan continues to be used as a ploy in the political games between the world’s two superpowers, with both sides turning up the heat in the Taiwan Strait. Tsai's inauguration coincides with U.S. lobbying efforts to help Taiwan secure observer status at the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 73rd World Health Assembly, as well as increased pressure from Beijing to have more say in the self-ruling island's status. Though it is likely that Tsai will maintain her track record of capably preserving the cross-strait status quo, ULS.-China competition may emerge as a potential game changer in the unresolved Taiwan Strait crisis, especially with the US. presidential election drawing closer. US lawmakers have written to over 60 nations to garner their support towards the inclusion of Taiwan in the World Health Organisation (WHO). These include Germany, Thailand, Canada, Britain, Saudi Arabia and Australia. To this date, Taiwan is not a part of the UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS — e Precarious Triangle: China, Taiwan, and United States WHO owing to objections from China which calls the nation a part of its own. However, that has not deterred Taiwan from seeking to join a ministerial meeting of WHO's decision- making body, the World Health Assembly (WHA). The meeting is set to be held in the coming days of this month. China- Taiwan Relations- Background: China has claimed Taiwan through its “one China” policy since the Chinese civil war forced the defeated Kuomintang, or Nationalist, to flee to the island in 1949 and has vowed to bring it under Beijing's rule, by force if necessary. IwAN \SiU} set Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,_dune 2020 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM.CSS Times INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS —s—s83 Monthly China is Taiwan's top trading partner, with trade totaling $226 billion in 2018. Taiwan runs a large trade surplus China. While Taiwan is self-governed and de facto independent, it has never formally declared independence from the mainland. Under the “one country, two systems” formula, Taiwan would have the right to run its own affairs; a similar arrangement is used in Hong Kong. Taiwan is a member of the World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Asian Development Bank under various names. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | One-China Policy: The One China policy is the recognition in the US of the long-held position in ing that there is only one China, and Taiwan is part of that. ‘Any country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with Beijing must acknowledge there is only “One China” and sever all formal ties with Taiwan. Asa part of the policy, Washington maintains a robust, non-official relationship with Taiwan, including continued arms sales to the island. The One China policy is also different from the “One China principle”, which is the principle that insists both Taiwan and mainland China are inalienable parts of a single “China”. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,HSM English Essays for Competitive Exams HSM English Essays for Competitive Exams contains ample number of essays which are ‘or may be asked in a number of competitive & recruitment examinations. This book has been designed for the candidates of CSS/PMS/PCS examinations. HSM English Essays covering topics of Contemporary, Social, Environmental, Political, Education, Gender Discrimination, Islam, Pakistan, Economic, Science & Technology International, Proverbial & Idiomatic, etc The essays in the book are meant to provide guidance, knowledge of the topic and stimulating the imagination & enhancing the power of analyzing of the students. Be More Informative With proper Presentation. 7} Table of Contents Writing a Good Essay in Competitive Exam i Digital Pakistan; Objective and Challenges 15 Net Neutrality: "A Public Demand [13 Why Online Shopping Will Exceed All Predictions? 18 Artificial Intelligence (Al) 22 Empowering A Woman _, Empowers Next Generation | 29 Feminism is Not Really A Third Word Issue [3a New Waves of Feminism _ and Our Culture. 37 Reservation of Seats for Women in Parliament _: Why itis | 41 Important? Democracy in Pakistan : Hopes and Hurdles | is Colonial Mentality _ Impeding Pakistan's Progress? | 53 Civil Servants _and Politicians : A Complicated Partnership | 59 ‘Should Educational Qualification be Made of 62 Mandatory for Politicians? | eel] Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan: Need for 66 Reforms and institution Building iz China -Pakistan Economic Corridor _(CPEC) & its Socio | 77 Economic: implications for the Region and the World | ‘Does Foreign Aid Help to Achieve Economic Stability? | 60. Promotion of Tax Culture in Pakistan : Perspective, | 88 Prospects and Challenges | Poverty anywhere is A Threat to Prosperity Everywhere | 94 ‘The Threat of Jobless Future Through Reskilling and Up | 99 Skilling Modernity is an Unending Project [1027] ‘Are Modern Wars _ Not Holy? [105 What is Arts For Peace? [10 Classrooms Decide the Future of the Nation 1113] Pollution in Urban Areas 115_| Pollution [120 Plastic ban in Pakistan [125] Honour Killing _ in Pakistan [129-| Population Explosion _— How can we tackle this problem? | 133 ‘Social Empowerment Programmes in Pakistan 138 [Urdu Literature and Progressive Movernents 144 “Knowledge Speaks. But Wisdom Listens T Search for truth is a spiritual problem [153 Attitude makes habit , habit makes character and) 157 character makes a man | Global Warming Essay, Causes, Consequences [62 Corruption = Causes & Consequences 168Monthly Ril. HSM CSS Times June 2020 } China, which seeks to be the first major economy to launch a digital currency, is to trial a digital yuan in four urban areas — including payments of local government employees’ transportation subsidies. e- RMB: 1. The digital currency - known as the e-RMB ~ “will not be issued in large amounts” for public use in the short term, and the digital currency in circulation would “not lead to an inflation surge”. 2. Initially it will be tested in three major cities of Shenzhen, Suzhou and Chengdu. 3. People’s Bank of China (PBOC), the country's central bank, will be the sole issuer of the digital yuan, initially offering the digital money to commercial banks and other ‘operators. 4, Public would be able to convert money in their bank accounts to the digital version and make deposits via electronic wallets. Significance and potential of the project: China's Digital Currency Electroni Payment (DCEP) project -as the country's progress towards a digital yuan is known — began in 2014. Central banks around the world are assessing the feasibility of launching their own digital currencies ~ so-called ‘central bank digital currencies’ (CBDCs). Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com ECONOMY factors including declining cash use and plans for privately owned ‘stablecoins’, such as Facebook's proposed Libra. Why does China want money to go digital? According to Sun Lilin, a blockchain expert and financial services provider in Shanghai, there are advantages to every yuan being traceable. “This can help the central bank control and manage the total amount of currency that's circulating,” Sun told Sixth Tone. “With digital currency, you can't really lose money by, say, leaving your wallet at a restaurant” On the international trading table, China's sovereign digital currency could be a move toward dethroning the primacy of the US. dollar, Cui said. Nowadays, most global banks are members of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, the independent financial transaction service provider that lends its initials to “SWIFT code.” Though based in Belgium, SWIFT is said to be heavily influenced by the U.S. To end the hegemony of the U.S. dollar, it's possible that China could start providing its digital currency technology to less- developed countries, Cui said, leading to the Chinese yuan becoming a more dominant reserve currency worldwide. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,We are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times _June 2020 Amidst sustained tensions between the two nuclear armed South Asian neighbors, the Indian Air Force is scheduled to receive the first batch of four state-of-the-art Rafale fighter jets by the end of July 2020. The 7.87 billion euro Rafale deal between France and New Delhi for a total order of 36 jets was finally inked in September 2016, after much controversy and delay. According to the delivery schedule, the Indian Air Force shall receive all jets by May 2022. Armed with Meteor missiles and a highly sophisticated electronic warfare suite, New Delhi's Rafale acquisition threatens to tilt the balance of power in South Asia in the IAF's favor. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has been following the Indian Air Force's modernization program with keen interest, but budget constraints mean that Islamabad's chances of PAKISTANAFFAIRS —s—ST Is the Chinese JH-7 an Answer to the Pakistan Air Force's Deep Strike Needs? acquiring a fighter jet of similar capability are slim. Instead, Pakistan seems to be focusing ‘on the latest variant of its indigenous JF-17 Thunder multi-role fighter. A prototype of the new JF-17 Block 3 fighter first flew in December 2019 and the jet has since undergone a further period of testing. ducting an AESA radar-capable Block 3 variant in numbers by 2025, the PAF is Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times dune 2020 confident that it can deny the larger Indian Air Force victory in a future conflict. Numerous reports have also hinted that the Block 3 would be armed with the much vaunted Chinese PL-15 missiles, which out- range everything in the IAF's inventory, barring the Meteors. Furthermore, unlike the IAF's emphasis on induction of new platforms, the Pakistan Air Force has in recent years focused more on weapon systems and sensor upgrades to their existing fleet. This strategy paid dividends during the aerial engagement between the two air forces’ on February 27, 2019, as the PAF successfully infiltrated Indian airspace in Kashmir and managed to shoot down an IAF MiG-21. However, despite the PAF's well executed operation in February 2019, the Indian Air Force is equipped with aircraft that are both qualitatively and numerically superior to much of the PAF's inventory. These include the IAF's frontline air superiority fighter, the Sukhoi Su-30MKI, and the highly capable Mirage 2000 multirole aircraft. On the other hand, the PAF still relies largely on its limited fleet of F-16 Fighting Falcons as its primary air asset. The PAF has no more than 75 F-16 jets and a significant number of those are of the vintage Block A variant, delivered to Islamabad in the 1980s. Other aircraft include 100-plus JF-17s of the Block 1 and Block 2 variants, as well as a large operational fleet of the 1960s-era Mirage 3 fighter. In the event of an all-out conventional war, the PAF's limited frontline air assets are at risk of getting overstretched. More worryingly for Islamabad, the Indian Navy operates a sizeable independent air arm, which can be utilized in a conflict scenario to target Pakistan's coastal industrial hub of Karachi. The much smaller Pakistan Navy does not operate fighter jets, instead relying on the PAF for aerial maritime strike operations. This creates additional problems for the PAF, which is tasked with confronting the IAF along its long vulnerable eastern border as. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com PAKISTAN AFFAIRS 58 well as countering the Indian Navy's air arm on the southern coast. The PAF's problem of diverting much-needed air assets to the coast can be resolved by the acquisition of a cost- efficient aerial strike platform for the Pakistan Navy. Given Islamabad'’s intimate relationship with China and the economic problems currently gripping the country, acquiring the JH-7 heavy strike fighter can both provide its navy with much needed aerial strike capability as well as free up PAF's core assets to engage with the IAF for supremacy over the battlefields of Kashmir and Punjab. The JH-7, while utilizing an old air frame, is a highly effective aircraft for deep strike operations. The jet first flew in 1988 and small numbers were delivered to the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force during the 1990s. An improved version of the JH-7 fighter-bomber, also known by the NATO designation Flounder, began to be inducted in large numbers after 2004, after the Chinese aviation industry was able to indigenously manufacture a derivative of the Rolls Royce Spey engine. The Spey engine was designed specifically by the British for development of a low flying naval strike aircraft to counter the Soviet Navy in the Cold War. Faced with cuts in defense expenditure and decreasing global influence after World War II, Britain could no longer afford to operate a sizable navy to deter the Soviet threat. Instead, the British opted for developing naval strike aircraft, such as the Blackburn Buccaneer, to extract a heavy toll on large Soviet Navy cruisers in a future conflict. The Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,0 + Na SS Intelligence Tests . W ABOUT BOOK The book for Competitive Exams has 2 parts - Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning. ‘Each chapter of this book contains theory with Solved Examples. The exercise in the book contains previous year's questions of the various exams. ‘The book for Competitive Exams has been designed in such a way so that an aspirant not only clears the concept but can also tackle any kind of question that they come across, be it from the previous years or recent years. @hsmpublishers.comHSM CSS Tim Spey engines were later utilized on the Royal Air Force's fleet of F-4 Phantoms, giving the aircraft greater range and a shorter takeoff distance. In addition to their low maintenance and impressive safety record, the Spey engine's utility lies in the factthat itis designed specifically for sustained low altitude flight below the radar horizon of enemy naval vessels. Despite significant advances in jet engine development since the Cold War, the majority of engines today are designed for mid-to-high altitude flight. Flying at low altitude to avoid radar detection for longer periods thus decreases much of the engines’ range. The JH-7 also complements the Pakistan Navy's combat doctrine, which is based on the anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) blueprint The PN's three Khalid-class submarines form the linchpin of their A2/AD strategy, with the wartime objective of preventing an attempted blockade of the vital Karachi port by the Indian Navy. Acquisition of the JH -7 by Pakistan would provide Islamabad with lethal capability to considerably limit the Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com PAKISTAN AFFAIRS maneuvering capacity of the Indian Navy in the proximity of Karachi port. Also, the JH-7, with its longer combat range, heavy payload capacity, and ability to fly under enemy radar cover provides Islamabad with an offensive capacity targeted at India's protracted western coastline. Hence, acquisition of the JH-7 by Pakistan serves both defensive and offensive purposes. The improved JH-7A variant currently in service with the PLA Air Force is capable to carry over seven tonnes of armament, including four KD-88/YJ-83 anti-ship missiles. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 The capability to carry long range anti-ship missiles, which can be launched more than 100 miles away from their targets, means that the JH-7 is able to utilize an asymmetric “hit and run" strategy before enemy air defenses can effectively engage with it. This doctrine was perhaps most aptly demonstrated by the Argentine Air Force during the 1982 Falklands War, as French Super Etendard strike aircraft armed with Exocet missiles sank two British warships. One alternative to the JH-7 for Pakistan is its existing arsenal of cruise missiles, but this option has its own pitfalls. First, cruise missiles follow a predictable trajectory and are vulnerable to interception by India’s air defense network and fighter aircraft such as the Sukhoi 30 MKI. Second, the use of cruise missiles, even in an all-out conflict, presents a significant leap in terms of escalation. As Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | PAKISTAN AFFAIRS 61 such, a cruise missile attack by either New Delhi or Islamabad can lead to an eventual nuclear exchange. Having extensive prior experience in ‘operating and maintaining Chinese-built aircraft such as the H-5, J-6, and F-7, acquisition of the JH-7 by Pakistan and its effective combat use for the heavy strike role presents an ideal "stop-gap" solution for the PAF until sufficient numbers of the JF-17 Block 3 are inducted. The Chinese also appear eager to sell much of their JH-7 fleet, showcasing the fighter bomber for sale at air shows such as the China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition. As prospects of inducting foreign jets from Western countries appear bleak, the JH-7 appears to be the PAF's only viable option to assert itself in a volatile region. Courtesy Ammad Mailk For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,oO yee om es | aE a Sonoet aeMonthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY 8 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 has been released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The FRA 2020 has examined the status of, and trends in, more than 60 forest-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period 1990-2020, Key Findings: - Forest area has declined all across ‘the world in the past three decades. The world lost 178 mha of forest since 1990, an area the size of Libya. The rate of forest loss has also declined due to the growth of sustainable management. The rate of forest loss in 2015-2020 declined to an estimated 10 million hectares (mha), down from 12 million hectares (mha) in 2010-2015. The area of naturally regenerating forests worldwide decreased since 1990, but the area of planted forests increased by 123 mha. Highest loss and highest gains: Africa had the largest annual rate of net forest loss in 2010-2020, at 3.9 mha, followed by South America, at 2.6 mha. On the other hand, Asia had the highest net gain of forest area in 2010-2020, followed by Oceania and Europe. Geographical extent: The world’s total forest area was 4.06 billion hectares (bha), which was 31 per cent of the total land area. This area was equivalent to 0.52 ha per person. The largest proportion of the world’s forests were tropical (45 per cent), followed by boreal, temperate and subtropical. More than 54 per cent of the world's forests were in only five countries — the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China. The highest per cent of plantation forests were in South America while the lowest were in Europe. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Review of Pakistan's Forestry Sector A review of Pakistan's forestry sector reveals that almost all natural forest ecosystems in the country are now critically threatened due to widespread negative anthropogenic (originating due to human activity) sources, conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture and dwellings and unprecedented depletion of forests, it emerged recently, Forest area in Pakistan covers 5.1% (4.55 m. hectares) of the total land area of the country. Out of this, coniferous and natural forests constitute 54% and are the main source of construction wood .Pakistan already has low forest cover. It ranks 113.among 140 countries of the world in terms of forest area (GOP, 2005a). Per capita forest area in Pakistan is only 0.03 ha. and is declining due to growth in population (NIPS, 2009). In 1992, a Forestry Sector Master Plan (1992) was prepared to increase the forest area to 10% by 2018 but there is no significant increase. The: Government of Pakistan highlights the Forestry Sector Master Plan (1992) estimate of annual rate (4%) of decline in growing stock in its National Biodiversity Action Plan (1999). A complete national inventory of forest growing stock is not available in Pakistan. The working plans of the forest department cover approximately 50 % of coniferous forests and contain estimates of volume, but many of these are based on outdated inventories (FAO, 2010a). The household sector is the largest consumer (81.8%) of fuel wood, followed by industrial fuel wood users (14.9%) and commercial users (3.3%) Protection forests are 58.5% of the total forest area and production forests Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY 64 are 41.5% (GOP, 2005). Based on the laid down criteria, the report identified numerous habitat and plant associations in the country as hot spots for priority action. The chilgoza forests of Suleman Range in Zhob and Sherani in Balochistan and Dera Ismail Khan and North and South Waziristan Agency and Chitral were threatened due to excessive grazing cutting for fuel and timber, excessive collection of seeds and lopping off branches, which contain future cones. The juniper forests of Ziarat and Kalat, which were extremely slow-growing and some trees were 1,500 years old, were facing pressure for grazing and fuelwood collection. The riverine forests of Sukkur were under threat due to decreased inundation and over-grazing, and shisham dieback (a fungal tree disease). The mangrove forests of Karachi were subject to heavy human pressure and ecological changes, reduced freshwater from upstream, excessive grazing and fuel-wood cutting and habitat fragmentation. According to the FAO report, Pakistan was a forest-poor country with a small area of 4.478 million ha (5.1 per cent), under forests. This amounts to 0.021 ha per person, compared to the world average of 1 ha/person. Contribution of the forestry sector to the GNP and GDP as per official estimates seems quite insignificant primarily because of a multitude of non-timber forest products and non- tangible environmental and ecological benefits of the forests were not taken into account. The forest policy formulation process in Pakistan has mostly remained top-down and autocratic. The policy guidelines were traditionally formulated by the office of Inspector-General of Forest, thus this bureaucratic policy formulation process failed to involve real stakeholders and to avail the support of political leadership for its optimum implementation especially about resource allocation. Almost all the forest policies of Pakistan failed to place requisite focus on providing and sustaining livelihood to local communities. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,A eri La A SU ey Te 3 FAMILY EXCEPT fal Portuguese [8] Bengali fel German JO] Ura (ois) fe] Turkish mn: Languages in the Indo-European family are spoken by more of eople than any other family, though Chinese, in the Sino-Tibetan Oe eee meee (A), (8), (C), and (D) are all Indo-European languages. Turkish is in the Altaic family, which dominates the Anatolian Plateau region. Pastas te HSM Physical & Human Geography MCQs Rs. 375/- Bhsmpublishers.com “Practice Makes A Man Perfect” y Compulsory Subjects Solved Papers = 2016-2019Monthly HSM CSS Times dune 2020 eke ee Ae) Kashmir ead NCU ie INDIA UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS Chinese maps label 66 this What's Behind The Latest India-China Border Tension? Tensions along the China-India border high in the Himalayas have flared again in recent weeks, leading defence experts in New Delhito. fear that the jostling could turn into an unintended full-blown military action. Indian officials say the latest row began in early May, when Chinese soldiers entered the disputed territory of Ladakh at three different points, erecting tents and guard posts. They said the Chinese soldiers ignored repeated verbal warnings to depart, triggering shouting matches, stone-throwing and fistfights. China has sought to downplay the confrontation while providing little information. Observers, however, say that the face-off was triggered by India's construction of roads and air stripsin the region. What's the History of the Tensions between India and China? The borders of India and China, which were both established in their modern form in the 1940s, reflect those drawn by British Colonialists. At times, both countries have felt uneasy and defensive about these borders, especially the high and inhospitable stretches in the Himalayas. The two countries went to war in 1962 over the boundary between Ladakh and Aksai Chin, which both claim but is controlled by China. The result was a humiliating defeat for India, which lost more than 1,300 of its soldiers. But the war did little to shift the location of the “line of actual control,” the term that has come to describe the military realities on the ground. No Indian soldiers have been killed on the boundary since 1975, thanks to efforts by the two nations to guard against escalation. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 But tensions have still occasionally flared between the two nuclear-armed states. The last time the two sides had a major confrontation at the border was in 2017, when Indian troops moved into Bhutan, a small kingdom sandwiched between the two powers, to stop China building a road that India believed would alter the strategic balance of the area. Why are the two Clashing again Now? This latest incursion could be in response to India's construction of a bridge close to the line of actual control in Ladakh, which could be seen as a retaliation in kind for India's move into Bhutan in 2017, says Ayushman Kaul, a South Asia research assistant at the Atlantic Council, a think tank. “China constituted this as an attempt by India to change the status quo” Kaul says. "This stemmed from the 2017 exchange, where India applied the same argument to China, saying China's construction of a road upended the status quo inthe region. It's basically saying OK, if you're going to do that, we're going to do this.” There has also been speculation in the Indian media that China's move is an attempt to divert attention away from its role in facilitating the spread of COVID-19 around the world. Efforts fora Resolution In 1993, the two countries signed an agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along what is known as the Line of Actual Control along their border. But they are nowhere near to settling their dispute despite more than 20 rounds of talks along with multiple meetings between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinpin CURRENT AFFAIRS Beijing's support for Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir is also a major cause of concern for India. China has built a road through Azad Jammu and Kashmir and is blocking India’s entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group by insisting on Pakistan's simultaneous entry. India’s refusal to participate in Xi's signature foreign policy initiative, the multibillion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative, hasn't gone down well with China and Beijing has paid only lip service to New Delhi's aspirations to join the United Nations Security Council as a permanent member. Economic Rivalry amid Growing Trade Despite the sporadic border clashes, economic ties between the two have expanded in the past decade, with China exercising a large trade surplus. More than 100 Chinese companies, many of them state-owned, have established offices or operations in India, according to Indias External Affairs Ministry. Chinese firms including Xiaomi, Huawei, Vivo and Oppo occupy nearly 60 per cent of India's mobile phone market, while India's major exports to China lean toward cotton, copper and gemstones. Trade volume rose to more than US$95 billion in 2018, and passed $53 billion in the first half of 2019, with almost $43 billion of that being Chinese exports to India. The imbalance has contributed to a push by India to capitalise on China's rising costs and deteriorating ties with the US and European nations to become a replacement home for large multinationals. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 67 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,1- Which of the following was —2. What was the computer a special purpose computer? invented by Atanasoff & Clifford? (A) ABC Ca (8) ENIAC (8) ABC (ona ta op} CO aU TT (D) None of above Answer: (a) Answer: (b) 3. Which of the following storage devices can store maximum amount of data? (Mae mead (8) Hard Disk (©) Compact Disk (Ouest gd Answer: (b) 4. Which computer was _ considered the first electronic computer until 1973 when court invalidated the patent? Ona (B) MARKT (©) Zs (D) ABC Answer: (a) 5. A physical connection between the microprocessor memory & other parts of the microcomputer is known as Co) Ca i (C) Route (D) All of the above Deere)UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 LICAA i AFFAIRS Who has signed an order to regulate social media platforms? (a) Donald Trump (b) Tsai ing-wen () Angela Merkel (d) KimJong Un Answer: (a) Explanation: President Donald Trump signed an executive order designed - in theory — to make it easier to sue social media companies such as Twitter, days after the site placed a fact check label on twoof his tweets. While the order calls. for changes. in. regulations. that. shield social media companies from legal liability, the Trump administration cannot do that on its ‘own. Those changes can only be made by independent agencies and, ultimately, the courts. Which among the following nations has banned Hezbollah and designated it a terrorist organisation? (a) France (b) Denmark (c) Switzerland Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | National & International | Sy MCQ i = (@) Germany Answer: (d) ae Explanation: Germany has banned all Iran- backed Hezbollah activity on its soil and designated it a terrorist organization. Israel and the United States had been pushing Germany to ban the organisation. Germany had previously distinguished between Hezbollah's political arm and its military units, which have fought alongside President Bashar al-Assad's army in Syria. Last December (2019) , Germany's parliament approved a motion urging Chancellor Angela Merkel's government to ban all activities by Hezbollah ‘on German soil, citing its "terrorist activities" especially in Syria. 69 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Times According to the Global Report on Internal Displacement, GRID 2020, how many people were displaced in 2019? (a)2 Million (b)5 Million (23 Million (d)4 Million Answer: (b) Explanation: The Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID 2020) has been released by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), The centre is a part of the Norwegian Refugee Council. Globally, around 4 million people faced new internal displacements because of conflicts and disasters in about 145 countries in 2019. Nearly three-quarters of the global displacements, accounting for 24.9 million of the total, were triggered by disasters in 2019 Out of these; about 95 per cent took place due to weather hazards like storms and floods. A majority of conflict displacements took place due to armed conflict; communal violence accounted for significant portion of the global total of 8.5 million displacements. Disaster displacement was recorded in low and high-income countries Most of the disaster displacements were triggered by tropical storms and monsoon rains in South Asia and East Asia and Pacific. Bangladesh, China, India and the Philippines each recorded more than four million displacements in 2019. Conflict continued unabated in countries such as Afghanistan, the _ CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Syria. Violence increased sharply in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. Natural disasters in Nigeria, South Sudan and Yemen forced many people, already displaced by conflict, to flee for the second time. International donors has announced how much grant and loan to Pakistan within next fiscal year? (a) $3b (b) $5b (2) $9b (d) $11b Answer: (b) — Explanation: The World Bank is ramping up its support to provide over $2 billion in new financing and up to $1 billion in repurposing of existing funds to Pakistan over the next 15- months.Repurposing of one billion dollar also include $130 million in grant funding. These funds will support Pakistan's strong and quick recovery from COVID-19 crisis. An important part of the efforts focus around prioritizing resources to restore employment and livelihoods for the portion of the population worst affected by the crisis, like the labourers and daily wage earners, through an ambitious public works program The IMF has already approved and disbursed US$1.386 billion under its Rapid Financing Instrument. While there are commitments of US$12.545 million from the European Union Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 10 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Designed for CSS, PMS, PCS Objective Type Questions (MCQs) with Explanatory Notes — aa Pleats a) ee tlle Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com M CSS T and financing support from the Islamic Development Bank of US$500 million in oil financing and US$150 million for mitigating COVID 19 impact. Who has been appointed as Pakistan's 2™ female Principal Information Officer in Press Information Department (PID) Islamabad? (a) Mrs Rizwan Khan (b) Shahera Shahid (©) Beygum Shahnawaz (d) Mrs Khuda Bukhsh Answer: (b) Explanation: Press Secretary to Prime Minister Shahera Shahid has appointed as the new Principal Information Officer (PIO) at the Press Information Department (PID). Shahid, a BPS- 21 officer of the Information. Group, was notified against her now-former post in August last year. Previously,.she has headed the Directorate of Electronic Media and Publications (DEMP) and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC). Which among the following days is celebrated twice a year? (a) World Freedom Day (b) International Human Space Flight Day ()International Astronomy Day CUBRENT AFFAIRS MEQS (d) Zero Discrimination Day Answer: (c) Explanation: International Astronomy Day is celebrated twice a year -- one in autumn and another in spring. The Astronomy Day 2020 is celebrated on May 2. The world will celebrate the next Astronomy Day on September 26. On this day, museums, societies, astronomical institutions and planetariums organise seminars, workshops and other fun-filled activities to spread awareness about the world of astronomy. According to starwalk.space, in 1973, Doug Berger, president of the Astronomical Association of Northern California, had organised the celebration of first Astronomy Day. The idea behind observing the day is to create awareness and educate people about the beautiful universe Pakistan lost its top rank in ICC Men's T201 Team Rankings to which nation on May 1, 2020? (a) New Zealand (b) Australia (England (d) South Africa Answer: (b) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com M CSS Times Explanation: Pakistan have lost their top spot in an annual update of International Cricket Council (ICC) Twenty20 International (T201) rankings. Australia have taken over top spots from Pakistan and India in T20I and Test rankings respectively while England continue to lead in One-day Internationals (ODI) after the updated carried out on Friday.In the latest update, that rates all matches played since May 2019 at 100 per cent and those of the previous two years at 50 per cent, Australia (116) have taken over from India as the top ranked side in the ICC Men's Test Team Rankings with New Zealand (115) remaining in second place. India are now third with 114 points.South Africa have suffered the biggest rating fall of eight points, which sees them drop below Sri Lanka into sixth place. They had won three series in the period culled, while they have lost eight of their nine Tests since February 2019, playing against Sri Lanka, India and England.India still lead the ICC World Test Championship, a league comprising six series played by each of the top nine Test sides. Muhammad Bilal Jamil and Syed Ali Abbas Haider two graduates from which University launched Pakistan's first real- time online shopping search engine? (a) NUST (b) Ghulam Ishaq Khan University (©) Information Technology University (d) FAST-NU Answer: (b) Explanation: Graduates of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIKI) - Muhammad Bilal Jamil and Syed Ali Abbas Haider — have been the spotlight of digital media for the last couple of weeks because of their incredible, yet most desideratum service of easing online shopping on digital media by developing Pakistan's biggest real-time online shopping search engine, shoppingum.com to facilitate shopping on stream, sitting at home, safely, cautiously, avoiding any public contact at this time of adversity, where we all are bound within our four margin peripheries. SUBRENT AFFAIRS MEQS INEER In this catastrophic COVID-19 circs, these two engineers from GIKI, worked their fingers to the bone, day and night to bring this service to your tables to make shopping as easy as falling off a log When was the World Press Freedom Day observed? (@) May 2nd (b) May 3rd (QMay4th (d) May 1st Answer: (b) Explanation: The World Press Freedom Day is observed on 3" May, every year. Origin and Purpose: The day was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1993, following the recommendation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) General Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Conference. Since then, 3" May, the anniversary of the Declaration of Windhoek is celebrated worldwide as World Press Freedom Day. The day acts as a reminder to governments of the need to respect their commitment to press freedom: Pakistan has fallen three points on the World Press Freedom Index since 2019. The Index published by Reporters Without Borders, looks at various factors to assign an overall score, relating to the freedom of the press, each year. In 2019 Pakistan ranked 143 out of 180 countries, while this year it ranked 145. Which country will launch its first Arktika-M satellite to monitor the Arctic climate by the end of 2020? (a)US (b) Japan (©) Russia (d) China Answer: (c) i i Explanation: Russia is planning to launch a satellite called Arktika-M at the end of the year to monitor the Arctic climate and environment. Russia's Arktika-M remote-sensing and emergency communications satellites aim to gather meteorological data in the polar regions, which will allow for improved weather forecasts and enable scientists to study climate change better. The satellite was initially scheduled to launch in 2019 but was delayed to 2020. As of now, the number one Arktika-M spacecraft has been developed and is CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS undergoing radio-electronic testing ... the launch is planned for the end of 2020," Kolmykov was quoted as saying, adding that the second Arktika-M satellite is still under development and will be launched in 2023. An international commission named USCIRF, which was seen in news recent headquartered in which city? (@) Glasgow (b) Washington D.C (Sofia (d) Prague wm oe Ke > ao Answer: (b) Explanation: USCIRF is an independent, bipartisan U.S. federal government commission, dedicated to defending the universal right to freedom of religion or belief abroad. The USCIRF is also an advisory body to the US Congress. USCIRF reviews the facts and circumstances of religious freedom violations and makes policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and Congress. It is Headquartered at Washington DC. Recently, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has downgraded India to the lowest ranking of “Countries of Particular Concern” (CPC) in its 2020 report on religious freedom. Who was recently awarded the commemorative World War II medal by Russia? (a) XiJinping (b) Kim Jong-un ()Alexander Van der Bellen (d) Andrzej Duda Answer: (b) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 14 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,You regret the things you did’nt do when you had the chance. Now! it is your chance. Grab it! {sureSUREES eer uC TEST PRACTICE WORK BOOK Fully Solved MCQs, (042) 37353510 - 37. Ta ie Nera ESCUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Explanation: The Russian embassy in North Korea on May 5 announced that Kim Jong Un has been awarded commemorative World War II medal by Russian President Vladimir Putin. The North Korean leader was awarded the medal for preserving the memories of Soviet Union soldiers who died in North Korean territory during the war. The event marked the 75” anniversary of victory over Nazi Germany during World War II which took place from 1939 to 1945. About World War: World War II was the global war that started in 1939 and lasted till 1945. The majority of the world countries formed two opposing military alliances which were named the Allies and the Axis. Known, as the deadliest conflict in human history, the second world war marked 70 to 85 million fatalities. The war also included genocide, massacres, premeditated death from disease and starvation, strategic bombing by making the use of nuclear weapons in the war. Which country has claimed to develop the first potential vaccine candidate that neutralised the isin human cells? (2) Germany (b) South Korea (Italy (d) Spain Answer: (c) Explanation: Italian researchers claim to have developed the world's first coronavirus vaccine, which is likely to work on humans. An Italian firm, Takis, is developing the vaccine. The Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 16 potential coronavirus vaccine neutralised the virus in human cells for the first time. The Italian firm stated that according to the Spallanzani Hospital, they are the first in the world so far to have demonstrated neutralisation of the coronavirus through a vaccine. The human trials for the same will begin soon. The researchers first experimented with the vaccine on mice that had successfully developed antibodies to block the virus from infecting their cells. The researchers observed that the five vaccine candidates generated a large number of antibodies, and selected two that showed the best results. According to the researchers, this makes their vaccine effective for generating functional antibodies against the "spike" protein, especially in the lung cells, which are the most vulnerable to coronavirus. Italy's total confirmed coronavirus cases have gone up to 232,664 as of May 30, which includes 155,633 recoveries and 33,340 fatalities. Where is the headquarters of United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) located? (a) New York (b) Antwerp (¢) The Hague (d) Munich Answer: (a) Explanation: UNFPA is the United Nations sexual and reproductive health agency. It was established as a trust fund in 1967 and began operations in 1969. In 1987, it was officially renamed the United Nations Population Fund. However, the original abbreviation, UNFPA For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com (United Nations Fund for Population Activities), was retained. The mandate of UNFPA is established by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). UNFPA is a subsidiary organ of the UN General Assembly. UNFPA is entirely supported by voluntary contributions of donor governments, intergovernmental. organizations, the private sector, and foundations and individuals, NOT by the United Nations regular budget. UNFPA works directly to tackle Sustainable Development Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality. US pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences “is negotiating long-term voluntary licenses with several generic drugmakers in which the following countries? (a) South Korea~Japan (b) Malaysia-Singapore (c) Pakistan-India (d) Indonesia-Taiwan Answer: (c) CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 0 Explanation: Ferozsons Laboratories announced that its subsidiary BF Biosciences Ltd (BFBL) has signed a non-exclusive license agreement with Gilead Sciences Inc for manufacturing and selling remdesivir — an experimental antiviral drug that is being used to treat coronavirus patients. In a notice to the Pakistan Stock Exchange, the company said that Gilead had signed non-exclusive voluntary license agreements with five South Asian manufacturers, including Hetero Drugs, Jubilant Life, Cipla, Mylan and BFBL, to “manufacture remdesivir for distribution in 127 countries”. A clinical trial of the drug in the United States showed that patients recovered about 30 per cent faster than those on a placebo, in the first proof of successful treatment against the new disease. Whatis the name of Iran's new currency? (a) Roman (b) Sian (¢) Toman (d) Bron Answer: (c) Explanation: The Government of Iran recently takes a decision of changing the name of its currency to a “Toman”. Under the bill, Iran national currency is going to be changed from the rial to the Toman, which is adequate to 10,000 rials. The idea of removing four zeros has been floated since 2008 but gained strength after 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump exited Iran's 2015 nuclear deal and reimposed sanctions because the rial lost quite 60% of its value. Iran's weak currency and high inflation have led to sporadic street protests since late 2017. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Which among the following countries assured to give foreign firms equal access to government support policies? (a) Russia (b) China (us (d) France Answer: (b) Explanation: The Chinese government has assured that the foreign firms will get equal access. to. government. support. policies, including those on land and tax cuts. The nation's commerce ministry made the announcement on May 7, 2020. The Ministry's comments came in response to concerns raised by the American Chamber of Commerce in China, which listed out hurdles to a truly level playing field for the US firms in China. The Ministry further stated that China's foreign trade still faces huge downward pressure with unprecedented risks and challenges posed by the coronavirus outbreak, despite signs of slight recovery in its April trade figures. Which nation has re-opened its mosques for public prayers? (a) Pakistan (b)India (Q) Malaysia (d) Bangladesh Answer: (d) Explanation: Bangladesh lifted a month-long ban on mass gatherings and prayers in mosques on May 8, 2020, while urging people to maintain strict "health guidelines” to curb the spread of the novel coronavirus. Bangladesh adopted strict social distancing Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 28 measures in early April following the coronavirus outbreak, including a ban on religious gatherings and joint prayers in mosques, with Friday prayers limited to a maximum of 12 people. Similar restrictions were imposed on special taraweeh prayers offered during Ramadan. As per the recent statement of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the ozone hole over which region has depleted significantly? (A) Pacific region (B) Arctic region (© Antarcti region (D) Atlantic region Answer: (b) © 100 260 300 400 500 600.700 Total Ozone (Dobson uns) For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comWe are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 80 Monthly HSM CSS Times dune 2020 Explanation: Depletion of the ozone layer, the shield that protects life on Earth from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation, reached an unprecedented level over large parts of the Arctic this spring. This phenomenon was caused by the continuing presence of ozone- depleting substances in the atmosphere and a very cold winter in the stratosphere (the layer of the atmosphere between around 10 km and round 50 km altitude). The last time similarly strong ozone depletion was observed over the Arctic was during spring 2011, and ozone depletion in 2020 was even stronger, according to WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch ozone observing stations, NASA and the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service implemented by ECMWF. The ozone hole closed in April with an increase in stratospheric temperatures which culminated in an influx of ozone-rich air from the lower atmosphere. The depletion would have been even worse if it had not been for a successful international agreement called the Montreal Protocol on ‘Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. This led to a phaseout of substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). But they remain in the atmosphere for several decades and their concentrations are still high enough to cause severe ozone destruction. "The Arctic stratosphere continues to be vulnerable to ozone-depleting substances linked to human activities,” said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. “The degree ‘of ozone loss experienced in any particular winter depends on the meteorological conditions. The 2020 ozone loss shows that we have to remain vigilant and maintain continuous observations,” said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. What is the new official name of the NASA's Mars Helicopter? (A) Intelligence (B) Ingenuity (©) Brilliance (D) Endeavor Answer: (b) Explanation: Destined to become the first aircraft to attempt powered flight on another planet, NASA's Mars Helicopter officially has received a new name: Ingenuity. As a technology demonstration, Ingenuity is a high-risk, high-reward experiment. The helicopter will ride to Mars attached to the belly of the Perseverance rover, which is preparing for launch in July or August. For several months following the rover's landing, Ingenuity will remain encapsulated in a protective cover to shield it from debris during entry, descent and landing. When the timing in the rover mission is right, Ingenuity will be deployed to stand and operate on its own on the surface of the Red Planet. If the 4- pound (2-kilogram), solar-powered craft — a combination of specially designed components and off-the-shelf parts — survives the cold Martian nights during its pre-flight checkout, the team will proceed with testing. If successful during its 30-Martian-day (31- Earth-day) experimental flight test window, the small craft will prove that powered flight can be achieved at Mars, enabling future Mars missions to better utilize second-generation helicopters to add an aerial dimension to their explorations. When is World Thalassemia Day observed? (a) May 8th (b) May 7th (©) May 9th (d) May 6th Answer: (a) Explanation: World Thalassemia Day Celebration is done every Month of 8 May for making the people become aware of the Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 Wérld Thalassaemia Day CSTR ss LLL Thalassemia Disease in the World. There are many types of diseases that are spread in the World. Many Doctors are not been able to catch many of the Diseases after proper checking for the Disease to know. In World Thalassemia Day people comes together to know about all the preventive measures, cure and also to avoid it's spread from one person to another. There is almost 19 percent of the people who are the Thalassernia carrier in the Country of Saudi Arabia. World Thalassemia Day makes the people come across every idea and plans to remove and cure the Thalassemia Disease of the World. Thalassemia disease is a type of Blood Disorder with an autosomal recessive Blood problem by which people suffer a lot from one generation to the next generation. It is a type of Disorder by which the Blood of the people gets weak and also destroys the Red Blood Cells. It makes the negative effects of the Hemoglobin Formation in the body causing mild anemia. It makes the people get every type of problem like Bone weakness, illnesses of the Cardiovascular, Iron overload, Liver, Bones, Forehead, Cheeks and Spleen Enlargement, Jaundice, Puberty deletion, etc. There is 3.4 percent of the people are suffering from the Disease of Thalassemia and also almost 7000 to 10000 Children every year in India are suffering from Thalassemia Disease. There are many types of Thalassemia such as Beta Thalassemia, Delta Thalassemia and Thalassemia of Alpha. There is also a Mixture of many Hemoglobinopathies like Hemoglobin S, E, Dand C. Thalassemia is found in many 1 to 2 years of Children’s. There are many Mild Thalassemia that cannot be diagnosed without the help of the Blood test of the CBC. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 81 Thalassemia is also treated by the Transfusion of the Blood, Vitamins Supplement of the B Group, Blood as well as Therapy of the Blood Chelation. For maintaining the normal Haemoglobin level and also RBC’s which are Healthy. When does the UN mark “Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War? (a) May 6-7 (b) April 29-30 (c) May 8-9 (d) May 1-2 Answer: (c) Explanation: Every year during May 8-9, the United Nations marks the Time of Remembrance and reconciliation for those who lost their lives during Second World War. This is being marked as the historic event paved way for the establishment of the United Nations. Also, the day pays tribute to all the victims of Second World War. History: The time of remembrance and reconciliation was designated by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) by resolution 59/26 of 22 November 2004. On 2 March 2010, UNGA passed resolution 64/257 and designated 8-9 May as the day to honour the victims of the Second World War. : It also encouraged its Member States, NGOs and individuals to honour the victims of WWIL UNGA plans to make every effort to settle all disputes by peaceful means in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and in sucha manner that international peace and security are not endangered. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 United Nations (UN): After WWII, the United Nations was created as a body to promote international co- ‘operation and to create and maintain international order. UN was established on 24 October 1945. It replaced the ineffective League of Nations that was disbanded in 1946 after WWII following its failure in preventing the conflict. *COVID-19 and the world of work’ is the title of the report, recently released by which international organisation? (A) United Nations (8) International Labour Organisation (CQ) World Bank (D) World Economic Forum Answer: (b) Explanation: The International Labour Organisation (ILO) in its report titled ‘ILO Monitor 2nd edition: COVID-19 and the world of work’, describes the coronavirus pandemic as "the worst global crisis since World War Il”. Key Highlights Worldwide, two billion people work in the informal sector (mostly in emerging and developing economies) and are particularly at risk, the report said, adding that the COVID-19 crisis is already affecting tens of millions of informal workers. “Workers and businesses are facing catastrophe, in both developed and developing economies. We have to move fast, decisively, and together. The right, urgent, measures, could make the difference between survival and collapse,” ILO Director-General Guy Ryder said. CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS 82 In India, Nigeria and Brazil, the number of workers in the informal economy affected by the lockdown and other containment measures is substantial. The report said the disruption to the world's economies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to wipe out 6.7% of working hours globally in the second quarter of this year - the equivalent of 195 million jobs worldwide. Large reductions are foreseen in the Arab States (8.1%, equivalent to 5 million full- time workers), Europe (7.8%, or 12 million full- time workers) and Asia and the Pacific (7.2%, ee map ar |-time workers), The eventual increase in global anemelevment during 2020 will depend substantially on future developments and policy measures. There is a high risk that the end-of-year figure willbe significantly higher than the initial ILO projection of 25 million, it said. More than four out of five people (81%) in the global workforce of 3.3 billion are currently affected by full or partial workplace closures, the report further added. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) has been elected as the head of which of the following forum? (a). Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum (b). Global Future Council of Anti-Corruption (). SAARC Anti-Corruption Forum (d). Anti-Bribery & Corruption Forum Answer: (c) Explanation: The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) has been elected as the head of Saarc Anti-Corruption Forum NAB: Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,We are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 performance is lauded by SAARC countries, national and international organisations like Transparency International (TI), World Economic Forum (WEF), Pildat and Mishal Pakistan. NAB has established its own research academy for the capacity building of investigation officers (Os) on modern lines. Moreover, it has also established a forensic science laboratory at its Rawalpindi office for scrutinising of documents, analysing fingerprints and digital data. NAB has also established an anti-money laundering cell in its headquarters. Who has been appointed as the deputy chairman of the Naya Pakistan Housing and Development Authority (NAPHDA)? (@) Brigadier Manzur Malik (b) Major General Amer Aslam Khan (©) Zaigham Mahmood Rizvi (d) Lt Gen (Retd) Anwar Ali Haider Answer: (b) Explanation: The Federal government has appointed Major General Amer Aslam Khan as Deputy Chairman Naya Pakistan Housing and Development Authority. It said that appointment was on a secondment basis, on standard terms and conditions, under Section 12 of the NAPHDA Act, 2020, with immediate effect. Which province reported its first successful recovery from the passive immunisation therapy of a coronavirus patient? (a) Sindh (b) Punjab (c) Balochistan (d)KPK Answer: (a) She ae Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 84 Explanation: Sindh on May 11, 2020 reported its first successful recovery from the passive immunisation therapy of a coronavirus patient The treatment had been approved earlier in March. “The first patient to recover from the coronavirus with the use of passive immunisation therapy has been sent home," the head of the National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation (NIBD & BMT) and hematologist, Dr Tahir Shamsi, said. Dr Shamsi explained that the patient was administered plasma on April 30 and completely recovered on May 8. The patient's second test of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, came out negative, he added. More than 12 patients are currently being treated by the use of passive immunisation therapy, said the hematologist. Which nation has said that it will oppose US's attempt to extend arms embargo on Iran? (a) China (b) Saudi Arabia (©) Russia (d) UK Answer: (c) Explanation: Russia's UN ambassador said that Moscow will oppose any attempts by the United States to extend the arms embargo on Iran and reimpose UN sanctions against the Islamic Republic. Vassily Nebenzia's comments ‘on May 12 made clear that the United States will have difficulty extending the embargo past its expiration in October through the UN Security Council, where Russia has veto power. The United States is seeking to indefinitely extend the UN embargo on conventional arms For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times June 2020 sales, and US. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has said the United States will use all means available to achieve that goal. A draft UN resolution that has circulated among diplomats would strike the expiration of the arms embargo from the council resolution that endorsed the 2015 nuclear deal between six major powers and Iran, according to U.S. officials and UN diplomats. Which among the following companies have permitted work from home to its employees for an indefinite period? (@) WhatsApp (b)Facebook (0) Twitter (d) Google Answer: (c) Explanation: Jack Dorsey, the CEO of Twitter in a companywide email, announced that employees of the company are now allowed to work from home permanently or for as long as they wish. This move from Twitter comes after tech giants like Google and Facebook extended their work from home policies into the year 2021. Amazon also extended its Work from Home policy until at least October of this year amidst the COVID 19 pandemic. Which country is the Chair of the 5 membered BRICS bloc, for the year 2020? (a) China (b) Russia (©) Brazil (d)India CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQS Answer: (b) Explanation: For the year 2020, Russia is the Chair of the BRICS bloc, which has 5 members namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, Recently, Russia chaired the BRICS Foreign Ministers meeting on coronavirus, conducted through video conferencing. The representatives discussed on the significance of joint vaccine production and strategic partnerships within the BRICS. Whereis the headquarters of IEA located? (a) Vienna (b) Paris (c) Rome (d) Abu Dhabi Answer: (b) Explanation: The International Energy Agency (IEA), which has its headquarters in Paris, was set up as an autonomous agency in 1974 by member countries of the OECD in response to the mid-1970s oil crisis Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |June 2020 | 85 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,