a El GENERAL BIOLOGY Practice Final Test Which of the following is not a property of all life forms? a. Reproduction b. Heritable programs in the form of DNA c. Photosynthesis d. Growth and development The ordered series of steps outlined in the process known as the scientific method are: a. Hypothesis, observation, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion b. Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion c. Observation, educated hunch, experimentation, controls, theory Which of the following scientist first discovered, described, and named cells? a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek d. James Watson b. Robert Hook e. Louis Pasteur c. Mathas Scleeiden f. Henry Ford Two species belon the sam ing to the same class must also belong to a. Family d. Phylum b. Genus e. Species c. Order When atoms interact by sharing electrons, they form: a. Elements d. Aggregates b. Molecules e. Both A and C are correct c. Tons10. ae B2 The atomic weight of an element can be approximated by adding the number of its: a. Neutrons and protons b. Protons and electrons c. Both A and B are required for a complete answer Each carbon atom may form covalent bonds with a maximum of, other atons. a 2 a6 be eo ce. 4 Approximately 96% of living matter is made up of the elements: a. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen b. Carbon, sulphur,’ phosphorous, hydrogen c. Oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. Carbon, sodium, Chlorine, magnesium Because oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons, the many biologically important compounds that contain oxygen d. Gasses e. Liquids Which of the following is not a carbohydrate? a. Glucose d. Cellulose b. Sucrose e. Glycogen c. Glycerol The ability of water to resist change in temperature is an example of its: a. Specific heat d. Cohesive nature b. Surface tension e. None of the above c. Adhesive nature12. 13. qa. 1s. 16. ay. E3 It is correct to say that the action of buffers: Is of relatively little significance Tends to prevent great fluctuations in pi Depends on the formation of a great number of hydrogen ions . Is to remove hydroxyl ions from organic acids Depends on the presence of many electron donors oo oop Organic compounds that are soluble in nonpolar solvents but insoluble in water are called: a. Carbohydrates d. Proteins b. Lipids e. Polysaccharides c. Nucleotides Proteins use what as their basic building blocks? a. Nucleotides d. Amino acids b. Nitrogenous bases e. Carboxyl groups c. Polypeptides Which of the following is not true about cell walls? a. They are found in plant cells b. They are often composed of cellulose c. They are living components of cells d. They are commonly found in prokaryotes e. They are found in fungal cells Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical bond energy? a. Chloroplasts d. Peroxisomes b. Mitochondria e. None of the above c. Leucoplasts Resolving power in the light microscope is ultimately limited by: a. The quality of the lens b. The skill of the microscopist c. The wavelength of the light d. The material being observed e. None of the above18. 19. 20. 8 22. 23. Ba How many structural isomers are possible for butanol having the molecular formula C,H,0? aol a 4 b. 2 e. 5 c 3 Which of the two functional groups are always found in amino acid? a. Amine and sulfhydryl b. Amine and carboxyl ¢. Alcohol and aldehyde d. Ketone and amine Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? a. A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group only b. A nitrogenous base and a five carbon sugar only c. A nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group d. A five carbon sugar and adenine or uracil e. A five carbon sugar and purine Which of the following optical instruments is able to resolve two lines that are separated by a distance of 100 nanometers? The naked eye The light microscope The electron microscope : The phase contrast microscope poom The cells of all multicellular organisms are: a. Hitirotrophic ¢. Chemoautotrophic b. Eukaryotic d. Prokaryotic Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. Nucleolus : Ribosomal RNA b. Nucleus : DNA replication ¢. Lysosome : protein synthesis d. Cell membrane : lipid bilayer e. Cytoskeleton : microtubules24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ES The packaging of certain materials and transport to the cell membrane for secretion is the role of the: Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Plastids Lysosome Nucleolus epore Which of the following would be present in a prokaryotic cell? a. Endoplasmic reticulum ¢. Ribosomes b. Nuclear envelope d. Mitochondria A microscope with an ocular of 15x magnification and an objective of 43x will magnify: a. 430x cope b. 645x d. 28x The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to areas of lower concentration is called: a. Osmosis d. Diffusion b. Facilitated Diffusion e. Crenation ¢. Active transport A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will: Lose water and shrivel up Take up water and become turgid Become impermeable and prevent water loss Actively transport water out of the cell Take up water, swell and lyse ep00m Which of the following does not affect water potential? a. Gravity d. Solutes b. Concentration e. All of the above affect it c. Pressure Which requires the cell's energy for its operation? a. Diffusion c. Osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion d. None of the above31. 32. 33. 34. aoe 36. B6 Which of the following best applies to the bulk movement of dissolved material into a cell? a. Phagocytosis d. Endocytosis b. Pinocytosis e. Osmosis c. Exocytosis When molecules move along a gradient, which of the following occurs? a. Free energy is lost b. Disorganization occurs c. The system approaches randomness d. All of the above occurs NAD+ and NADP+ both function in the cell as: a. Electron acceptors b. Electron donors c. Hydrogen donors d. Hydrogen acceptors e. All of the above Chemically, ATP is of the class of molecules known as: a. Lipids d. Carbohydrates b. Nucleosides e. None of the above c. Proteins Which of the following characterizes a chemiosmotic system? a. Membranes form a sac within a sac arrangement b. A concentration of protons is present c. Proton pumps are energized d. Free energy increases e. All of the above When product molecules fill the allosteric sites on enzymes: The enzymes change shape : Active sites are altered Product formation falls A negative feedback effect forms All of the above result opoop37. 38. 39. 40. a1 42. E7 The capacity for work suitably defines the term: a. Entrophy c. Oxidized b. ‘Thermodynamics d. Energy Which of the following is not true of the action of catalysts? a. They lower the heat of activation requirements b. They emerge chemically changed at the end of the reaction c. They speed up the reaction d. They interact with substances in a temporary manner e. All of the above The pho! hetic cells in the interior of a leaf are what kind of cell? ™s, oa ae ee ee a. Parenchyma Sed. Phloem be Co, a ~ “Bi—~Endodermis Terenchyma ey stra@Muad columnar is a descript what type OF anjnal tissue? that might-apfBly to a. Connective ~~ Epithelial b. Striated mussté = c. Nepwes™ — a a Which of the following is the most randomized form of energy? a. Light d. Mechanical b. Electrical e. Chemical potential eneray c. Thermal A general process which breaks down large molecules into smaller ones is called: a. Catalysis d. Dehydration b. Metabolism e. Catabolism c. Anabolism43. 44. 45. 46. 47. ES Which of the following is the First Law of Thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed b. The entropy of the universe is decreasing c. The entropy of the universe is constant d. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed Which of the following characterizes maximum entropy? a. Molecular randomness d._— Simple organization b. Disorder e. All of the above c: Low free energy The energy rich bonds of ATP are located specifically in: a. Phosphate to phosphate bonds b. Carbon to hydrogen bonds of ribose c. The bond between ribose and phosphate d. The bonds within adenine e. None of the above The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in: a. Glycolysis b. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain ¢. The Krebs cycle d: The oxidation of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA e. The phosphorlation of ADP Which of the following is true about the first three steps of glycolysis? Two ATP are consumed Acetyl CoA is formed Co, is a product : Enzymes are not required Lactic acid is formed epoup48. 49. 50. sl. 52. 53. Eg Which of the following is reduced during glycolysis? a. Glucose d. NADH b. Water e. ADP c. NAD+ Certain animal cells metabolize glucose anaerobically. What molecule is produced as a waste product in this process? a. Carbon dioxide d. NAD+ b. Pyruvic acid e. Lactic acid c. Ethanol The reactions of the Calvin cycle require all of the following except: a. Carbon dioxide qd. NADPH b. RuBP e. Chlorophyll c. ATP Water is essential to the light reactions as a source of: a. Oxygen d. Neutrons b. Hydrogen e. None of the above c. Energy Which of the following cycles back from the dark reactions to the light reactions? Carbon dioxide and glucose + Water and oxygen ADP and NADP+ Electrons and protons poom The role of P700 during the cyclic reactions is to: Provide energy for proton pumping Give P6g0 a second boost Reduce NADP Oxidize water All of the above poooe54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. E10 Which of the following is not required for Photosynthesis? a. Oxygen qd. bight b. Carbon dioxide e. Chlorophyll c. Water The fixation of carbon dioxide is carried out in what part of the chloroplast? a. Thylakoid membranes c. Stroma b. CF particles d: Chlorophy11 The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the: : Plasma membrane of the cell Membranes of the mitochondria Membranes of the thylakoids Membranes surrounding the chloroplast Stroma of the chloroplast eporm Chromatids uncouple and are separated during what phase of meiosis? a. Prophase I a. Prophase IT b. Anaphase II e. Metaphase IT ¢. Telophase I A human cell that has 22 autosomes and one X chromosome is: a. An unfertilized egg cell b. A fertilized egg cell c. A sperm cell d. A male somatic cell e. A female somatic cell What is a karyotype? The phenotype of an individual The genotype of an individual A unique combination of chromosomes found in a game The blood type of the individual + Method of organizing the pairs of homologous chromosomes according to their number, size, and shape oon on60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Ell Of the following, which actually enters the mitochondrion? a. Glucose d. Pyruvate b. NADH e. None of the above e: Glycogen DNA replication is completed by the end of: a. Prophase a. G2 b. Gl e. Telophase cS The accuracy of DNA replication depends on the process of: a. Cytokinesis d. Base pairing b. Hydrogen bonding e. None of the above c. Supercoiling Centrioles and asters occur in: a. Animal and protist cells d. Prokaryotic cells b. Higher plant cells e. all of the above c. Fungal cells ‘The proper completion of meiosis requires: a. 1 cell division d. 4 cell divisions b. 2 cell divisions e. None of the above c. 3 cell divisions Another term for pure breeding is: a. Homozygous d. Hybrid b. Heterozygous e. Blended c. Recessive The problem of replicating the lagging strand (3' to 5" direction) is solved through the use of: a. Base pairing d. Okazaki fragments b. Replication forks e. None of the above c. The enzyme helicase67. 68. 69. 70. ne 72. 2. B12 Which of the following is not required for normal DNA replication? a. Free nucleosides d. Helicase b. DNA polymerase e. All of the above required c. Ligase Which of the following represents a pyrimidine used in DNA? a. Adenine d. Ribose b. Uracil e. None of the above c. Guanine The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together at their bases by: a. Covalent bonds d. Hydrogen bonds b. Peptide bonds e. None of the above ¢. Tonic bonds DNA replication generally occurs during: a. Prophase d. Telophase b. Interphase e. None of the above c. Metaphase Which of the following correctly represents base pairing? a. AT d. GG b. T-C e. AC c. AG The fact that cells specialize tells us that in these cells most DNA is: a. Absent d. Functioning b. Inactive e. Active c. Destroyed Sex-limited traits are those that: Cannot appear in both sexes Are more common in one sex than another Appear only in males Are controlled by the X chromosomes None of the above opomp (gbpratnt)