=) Transport Taking the train Gepost e FEATURES 1. Lookat the photo. Whereis the woman? Why do you think she is travelling lke this? 34 Transport in the 91.14 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn't future the woman inside the train? Is electricity the fuel ofthe te let he ‘Work In pas, Which of wae odes 6 pot weld pod use for the activities (1-10)? Explain your reasons why. Animal transport by bicycle bybus inmycar onaferry. on foot Where animals are still bylory onamotorbike onaplane ona ship better for transporting inataxi_ by tain 38. The last days of the 1. visit relatives rickshaw 2 move house and furniture 3. get to the airport How much longer can the 3 8 “Pe rickshaw survive? 7 see the counteyside for plesaure Indian railways 6 get to the railway station 7. gout in the evening toa party or restaurant A video about one of the 8 take children to school world’s largest transport 9. rosa thesea networks 10 goshopping 4 What is your favourite way to travel? Why? Tell your partner. TRANSPORTINTHECTTY ATTITUDESTO ANIMALS ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST GOING ON A JOURNEY 8 UG NoTes AND MessAces ocanned Witt Calmocani Feading daily travel and 9rammar comparatives 3a Transport in the future ing electric cars * Commuting + vocabulary wanspor (1: nouns + Hteningeeetie ars and superlatives * pronunciation than * speaking and Reading Vocabulary transport (1): nouns 1 Do you travel and use transport every, 4 Find the words in the texts in Exercise 2 for these day? How da you commute to work? definitions. the morning Yet Problems-early in 1 syachines with engine for transporting people, eg. car orbus v Read the texts in the diagram below 2. people who travel to work every day about transport in the future, What kind 3 period in a day when lots of people travel to and from of transport does it describe? How is it work 1 h different from transport today? 3 Read the texts again. Answer the Jong line of vehicles on the road tj 5. construction oF maintenance on part of a road questions. 6 place to fill your car with petrol p___s Who .. 7 the maximum speed you can legally drive 1 commutes to work every morning? sl 2. knows in advance when there is a 8 people on foot in a town or city p. problem on the road? 3. don’t use electric cars? Eee no 4. can’t drive a long distance without ‘You can join two nouns to make a new nour: recharging? rush + hour = rush hour, traffic + jam = trafic jam, 5 always needs to plug in the car before speed « init = speed tinit bedtime? For further information and practice, see Workbook page 27 has a car which stops you from ~ driving too quickly? 5 Do you think the predictions in the texts are true? Are any of doesn’t need to commute to his work, the predictions true now? Would you prefer an electric car works in an office? toa petrol one? Why? / Why not? TIRANSPORT IN THE FUTURE ‘Meet the Watts. They are a three-car family in the near future which uses electric vehicles. ‘Their neighbours still use acar with a petrol engine but most cars have electric engines. The roads are quieter ‘nd there is less pollution soli is also better for pedestrians and cyclists! Bob is similar to most commuters. He charges his car at home overnight so its ready for the morning rush hour. Ihe needs more electricity, theresa ‘charging station in the office car park. Sonia's car travels about 30 kilometres fn afull battery so it's good for short trips such as going to the shops or visiting friends nearby. The car also hasits own ‘computer which tells herf there are traffic Jams or road works on the road ahead. Justin works from home but enjoys {going on a long journey in his sportscar at the weekend. Instead of going toa petrol station for petrol, he can change his battery on the motorway or plug into a high-voltage charger. Another device inthe car's engine stops him from going ‘over the speed limit. Sanned WIL vamocdhListening 6 1.15 Listen to two people discussing clectric cars, What reasons do they give for and against this kind of transport? 7 GAAS Listen again. Choose the correct options. 1. Electric ears are much cleaner /louder than petrol ears Electtic cars have the more efficient / most affcient type of engine. 3. Electric ears are much cheaper /more than petrol cars 4 Eight o‘clock in the morning is the best / ‘worst time of the day for commuting. 5. The town needs beter / faster public transport expensiv Grammar comparatives and superlatives B Look at the comparative and superlative adjectives in Exercise 7. Answer the questions 1 What letters do you add to regular short adjectives to form comparative and superlative adjectives? How do you form the comparative and superlative forms with longer adjectives? 2. Which are examples of irregular ‘comparative and superlative adjectives? 3. Which word usually comes after a comparative adjective? Which word usually comes before a superlative adjective? 4 What word adds emphasis toa comparative adjective? ‘COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES Regular adjectives lean cleaner deanest ig bigger biggest happy happier happiest ‘expensive more expensive most expensive Irregular adjectives good better best bad worse worst For further information and practice, see page 158. Unit 3 Transport 9 Pronunciation than £91.46 Listen to the pronunciation of than in sentences Tand 3 in Exercise 7. Notice how we say /Bn/ not 7 un/, Practise saying the two sentences. 10 A local town council asked residents for their views fon transport. Look at the grammar box in Exercise 8, Then complete this extract from the report with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectiv Your views on transport For commuting and daytime travel, the" (popular) form of public transport is the bus.? (large) numberof people inthe survey use buses every day to get to work or school, However, taking the bus ist 7 (fast form of transport. Everyone said that parking in the town centre is stillthe * (big) problem so they dont often drive their car. The situation is much? (good) in the evenings than during the day. Asa result, taxis are® (popular) than private ‘ars. However, taxi are the?” (expensive) form of transport so many people want buses torun® (late)in the evenings. Speaking and writing 41. Look at the questionnaire forthe survey in Exercise 10. Use these questions to interview other students about transport where they live. Make a note of their answers. Cents Resident views on transport + How do you usually commute to and from work! college? Why? + How often do you use public transport? + What types of public transport do you use? + How do you rate car parking in the town? Excellent__Good_ Poor _ + How often do you take taxis? + Doyou have any suggestions to improve travel and transport in the town? 12. Work in pairs. Compare your notes and answers from the questionnaire, Then write short report, similar to the one in Exercise 10. EOIUETE > CEUEOGUIENIGIN > ATTITUDES TO ANIMALS > ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST > GOING ON A JOURNEY TIGHT > nores ano messaces ocanned with Vamocar19 Using animals for transporting * grammar as... as * ing attitudes to animals 6 Animal transport Look at the photos, What is each animal transporting? Do people use animals for transporting in your country? 2% 1.17 Listen to an extract from two documentaries, What kind of modem transport does the speaker compare each animal to? 691.17 Listen again, Answer the questions Documentary 1 1 What special event is happening? 2 What jobs did the Asian elephant do in the past? 3. What kind of people do they transport nowadays? Documentary 2 4 Lester Courtney is a ‘logger’. What do loggers do? 5 Why does Lester prefer to use horses? aS... aS Look at the sentence from the documentary. Answer the questions (1-2). Elephants are asshemoyns cars but they arenttasyfast — and most people also think clephants arenttasicamyfortablens cars, 1 Are elephants and cars the same weight? 2 Do they travel at the same speed? Use as + adjective + a5 to compare something and say they are the same or equal. Use not as + adjective + to compare two things and say they ate different or not equal For further information and practice, see page 158, sentence stress * 409 stedging Look at the grammar box. Then complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence. 1 Most people think cars are more comfortable than elephants, Most people think elephants aren't as 2. Elephants have the same importance now as they did in the past. Elephants are as ever. 3 Lester believes horses are better than modern machines. Lester doesn’t believe modern machines are as horses. 4 Lorries and trucks are stronger than horses. Horses as as lorries and trucks. 5. Trucks are noisier than horses. Horses as trucks, tion sentence stress 9 1.18 Listen to these sentences. Notice the stressed words in each sentence. Then listen again and repeat. Lorties are heavier than horses. Elephants are as heavy as trucks. They aren’t as fast as cars. Horses are the fastest. —4 canned wit Vamocan7 Work inpaits. Make sentences using the adjective to compare these animals. Use comparative and superlative adjectives and (not) as + adjective as 1 strong: lion, mouse, horse 2 fast: snail, cheetah, elephant 3 comfortable: car, camel, plane 4 heavy: hippopotamus, blue whale, elephant 5 dangerous: shark, alligator, snake 8 Read out your sentences from Exercise 7, stressing the most important words, Reading 9 Complete the atice on the right with these words as best fast longest more much than the 10 Read the article again, Then discuss the questions. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of the huskies in Alaska? 2. Why do you think some people say the Iditarod is cruel for the dogs? 3. What sports do you have in your country with animals? Do people think they are cruel for the animals? Speaking 11 Work in groups. Read and discuss these comments from different people about using animals for transport and sport. What's your ‘opinion? Do you agree or disagree? Irs more natural and cleaner to use animals for work and transportation than engines.) We should use them mor. tS wong to use animals like horses and dogsin sports ‘Modern transport is much better. There's no reason to use animals. We stil need animals for certain kinds of work. don’t think it's as bad as In my opinion, its worse because .. ee Unit 3 Transport TR ro yn sae one enpenten | ety type of modern transport. But during the ‘winter months the state of Alaska becomes one oft coldest z parts of the world. Temperatures fall aslow? = 50°C. Car engines can freeze and even if your car starts, the snow and ice on the road can make travel impossible, When the weather is like this, the , way to travel is with a team of huskies pulling you, That’s according to people like Geoff Roland who prefer travelling by dog sledge. ‘Huskies might not be as* as a modern snowmobile but they are better for the environment. The journey is also much quieter * by snowmobile, It's what makes travel through the wilderness so enjoyable.” When Geoff was younger he took part in the Iditarod. The word Iditarod originally comes from an old native American word meaning ‘a faraway place’ but nowadays it's the name of the world’s ‘ dog sledge race which takes place in Alaska ‘each spring, The 1,600 kilometre route follows the old roads which the original Indians once used. As years passed, aeroplanes and snowmobiles became , ‘common and people started to forget about the old trails. But in 1973 a group of people started the race in order to maintain Alaska's history and its traditional form of transport. Some people criticise the Iditarod because they think it's cruel for the dogs but Geoff disagrees: ‘Huskies are natural racers. I think they're * happier when they're front of the sledge.” to people oF animals EQCZTEN » transport me cry > ESE DGGE © notes ano messaces CE >> ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST.» GOING OW A JOURNEY ocanned with Vamocarreading traditional = ional t King arguments for and against 3c Last days of the rickshaw Reading 1 Look at the photo of the rickshaw in the article on Page 39. Why do you think people choose this kind of transport? Are there any advantages with a ti compared with other types of transport? 2 Read the first para words a shaw graph of the article. Which of these id expressions describe Kolkata? busy highly-populated noisy safe for pedestrians polluted quiet 3 Read the second and third paragraph of the article ‘h of these arguments in favour of rickshaws does le mention? Rickshaws are useful because they are better in traffic jams. they can travel down small streets they don’t produce pollution they are good for shopping. they are cheaper than other public transport. they always travel during the monsoons. Read the last paragraph. Why don’t local officials and politicians ban rickshaws? Choose the correct reason (1-3). 1 There isn’t much other employment for the drivers. 2. The tourists want them. 3. The drivers don’t want to go back to the countryside. Vocabulary transport (2): verbs 5 Find these verbs in the article Underline them and the noun which follows. catch take pick up miss get on/off goby drop off Example: catch a train 6 Replace the verbs in bold in the sentences with a verb of similar meaning from Exercise 5. 1 Do you want me to collect the children from school? pick up 2. We need to leave the train at the next station. 3. Iwas late and I nearly didn’t get my flight. 4 You'd better leave now. You don’t want to not catch your flight. 5. Ishould travel by a taxi. It's much quicker, 6 Ask the driver to leave the children outside their school. Fansport * vocabulary transport (2): verbs + critical thinking reading between the lines « Critical thinking reading between the lines 7 Using the information in the article, which of these statements do you think people in Kolkata often say about the rickshaws in their city? 1. ‘Rickshaw drivers always blow their horns so loudly.” “They represent our city!’ “They should not be on the roads!" “They are very useful for day-to-day life. 5. "You can never find a rickshaw when you need one.’ 6 "Rickshaws are cruel,” Speaking 8 Work in groups. Make a list of the reasons for and against keeping rickshaws in Kolkata. Use the information in the at and add your own ideas. Example: Rickshaws don’t have engines so they are quiet ‘and don't pollute the air, 9 You are going to have a debate to decide if Kolkata should ban rickshaws. Each person in the group has a role. Choose one of the roles below and think about if your person wants to ban rickshaws or to keep them in Kolkata. Choose arguments for or against from your list in Exercise 8 and plan your arguments for the debate. When you are all ready, discuss the topic and try to find a solution. + a rickshaw driver in Kolkata + a local politician who wants to modernise Kolkata + a foreign tourist visiting the city a local person who uses rickshaws for shopping and sending the children to school + a taxi driver in the city ocanned Witt canstferal PO ere AS ppulled by a person on foot, usually used in the narrow streets of busy town centres olkata (previously So when | crossed a smal toad on my first day in the city, | was surprised because K esate no aor. kis a try man pling a kshaw He stoppe and yK known as Calcutta) picked up two children from the front door of their house and then, with great EN is the famous capital engi, pull them to eho Fr many people, the ikshaw 3 symbol of , : Kolkata ond they have many advantages. When the trafic is bad, rekshavs find of West Bengal in India Tough theta you ms your Bus ari there ari any to, Yu and the home of nearly 15 can always find a rickshaw in Kolkata. Rickshaws are also very popular with local million people. The traffic shoppers. The diver takes you from your house to the market and waits for you jams and engine fumes unload. No other type of public transport offers this kind of service. begin early in the morning yy aso se lots more people getting on and off rickshaws during the monsoon with long lines of private season. That’ the period from June to September when Kolkata gets heavy faintall. Sometimes ans for 48 hours without a break. Inthe older pars of the a tity, the roads flood. The water can rise as high as people's waist in the worst three-wheeled scooters and part, when its this bad, anything with an engine is useless. But the rickshaw pedicabs.There aren’t many divers never top working, even with water all around ther, dlternatives.You can catch But not everyone thinks rickshaws are a good thing, Some loca officials and a eain theough the city or paiian want to ban ikshaws on ‘humantarian rounds. They elev its atra 8 {wrong for one man to pull another person wien there is modern transport in take the underground but the city. However, there isa problem with this plan. Many ofthe rickshaw drivers come from the countryside with no job and no qualifications. The only job they can find in Kokata is pulling a rickshaw. Ifthe city bans rickshaws, these men ‘won't have a jb or income. So forthe moment, the people of Kolkata stil go in Kolkata isadangerous by rickshaw. ‘Then he loads all your purchases, érops you off outside your home and helps you | cars, public buses, taxis, | sooner or later you have to go on foot and walking activity. As the drivers race Bras fumes (n) fjuimz! smoke and gases from an engine towards pedestrians, they scooter sk: a small motorbike pedicab (0) pede! type of tax with no engine. The diver eyes. ‘mensoon(n) non’ wn period fom June to September with lots of rin never stops from morning flood () flul/when water covers an area (9.3 floor, oad, ci) tonight. ban (yet stop or make illegal blow their horns. The sound EXQUZEGTG > transrorrm rie ary.» arnTupes To anmnats I EEE © notes ano messaces TA» coins on a s0uRNeY 9 —_ acamred witht Gamscan‘+ pronunciation intonation Vocabulary and listening taking transport + real life going on a journey * pronun 3d Getting around town Vocabulary and listening taking transport 1 Look at these pairs of words. Match them with the correct definition a orb) 1 stop / rank 2 where yout can geta taxi where you can geta bus fare / price 3 the money you pay fora Joumey by bus train of taxi b theamount of money something costs 3 change / receipt 2 the money you receive when you ay more than the price because youdon't have the comrect amount the piece of paper you mccive to show you paid for something ste / platiorm 2 where you get oma train b where you geton a plane 3 book / check in 2 when you buy a ticket in advance b when you arrive at the aigport and leave your bags 4 2 1.19 Shelley and Javier ae going to the airport and they take different transport. Listen to their conversations and answer the questions, 1 At the taxi rank: Where does Javier want to go? In the taxis How much is the fare? Does Javier want a receipt? 3 Atthe bus stop: Where does Shelley want to go? What type of ticket does she buy? 4 At the train station: How much is the ticket? Which platform does the train leave from? 5 At the airport: Where did Shelley book her plane ticket? Does she check in any bags? o TRANSPORTIN THE CITY.» EXD © notes ano messaces ATTIVOESTOANMALS > ARGUMENTS FOR anD ag Real life going on a journey £91.19 Look at the expressions for going on a journey. Thon 7 teen en eeeneatent Tick the sentences you hear GoNerneveniag natant Fike to go tothe station, please You can drop me off here How much is that? Do you have change? Bo you want a receipt? tthe train station Areturn ticket tothe airport, please. First or second class? Cant pay by credit card? Which platform isit? At the airport Can tsee your passport? How many bags are you checking in? Ona bus Do you stop at the airport? single or teturn ticket? Please stop at thernext one. 1 only have this carry on, That's two pounds, Window or aisle? Can thave a seat next to my friend? $1.20 People often ask questions with incomplete Sentences es. Single o return? instead of Do you want a singe or return ticket? Listen to these questions, Mark the intonation ors down on the words. Then listen again and repeat. —7 1. Single or return? 4 Bus or train? 2 Window or aisle? 5. North or south? 3. Credit card or cash? § First or second? 5 Work in pais. Student is going to the airport. In each Sintion, Student Bis the driver or the person atthe ticket office or check-in desk. Practise the conversation using the expressions for going on ajourney to help you ‘On the’ iss & Change roles and repeat the four conversation in Exercise 5. Scafiverwrrcamscanwriting notes and messages * writing skill writing in note form Unit 3 Transport 3e Quick communication Writing notes and messages a 1 Read these notes ane! messages (1-8). Match them vith the reasons for writing (ac) a thanking. b apologising, ¢ giving travel information suggesting a time and place giving a message from someone else 2 Writing skill wri note form 8 People often miss out words in notes and messages. This is called elision, Find examples of these kinds of words articles pronouns (e auniliary verbs polite forms (eg. Would you like fo ..? Can we ..2) 1 me) Example a (Cin ite) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK? B Rewrite these transcripts froma telephone voicemail as shorter messages. 1. ‘T'm sorry but I'm stuck in a traffic jam. I'l see you in half an hour.” Sorry. Stuck in traffic. 5 “Thank you for booking the train tickets. 111 pay you when we meet at the station” 3. ‘Take the underground to Oxford Street and the Moon café is at the end of platform one. 4 ‘Peter wants to come with us in the taxi. Can. you call him and tell him where to meet us?” 5. ‘My flight is an hour late. Meet me at the arrivals terminal at five o’clock’” 3 Work in pairs. Write a short note or message for cach situation. 1 You have to work late. Write a short text ‘message to your friend. Say you will arrive at the bus station an hour later. 2 You are meeting tonight in the city centre. Suggest your friend takes a taxi from the taxi rank outside the train station, 3 You cannot travel with your friend on the underground to the airport. Explain you will travel by bus and meet him/her at the check-in desk. 4 Writea short message to your partner. Then, exchange messages. Can you understand your partner's message? Write a reply ifnecessary! Meet outside airport at 2? Sorry. Bus late. Will be 15, ing in the notes and——§ (= messages in Evercise | 8 Javier called. Call him back. ‘Train leaves platform 6, you in 30 mins. a ‘Thanks for getting tickets, Here's the money. ‘Am in taxi. See you outside Afraid | missed meeting. Tg > REET TRANSPORT IN THE CITY > ATTITUDES TO ANIMALS > ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST > GOING ON A JOURNEY @ ocanned with Vamocar_UNIT 3 REVIEW Grammar 3 Vocabulary 1 Complete the article with the correct form 3. Complete the sentences with transport words of the adjectives, China has the* (lange) population in the world and its capital city, Beijing, has | some of? (bad) trafic problems. A few decades ago, China’s streets we as? (polluted) as they are now because most people rode bicycles. But in modern China, cars are selling * (fast) than in the USA. However, one city in China recently received a prize for its transportation system from the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP). The TDP ‘works with cities to make city life : (good). This year it gave the city ‘of Guangzhou a prize because it has one of the* (good) public transport systems, not only in China, but worldwide. The system transports 800,000 people a day and runs on time. And bicycles are still as 2 (popular) as ever because of the ‘extensive network of bieyele paths. It all ‘means the air in Guangzhou is much p (clean) than in other citi 2. Workin pairs. Compare your country toits nearest neighbours. Make five sentences using comparatives, superlatives (oF a5. as about these things * size larger / smaller / as big as) = population + age «other? compare diferences between two or more things talk about the similarities between things LL work from home so I don't have toc from work every day. 2. You can avoid ther ___hour if you leave home earlier in the morning and leave work earlier in the afternoon, 3. There's always a bad trafficj__ on the roads through the centre of the city. You sit in your car and 4 Thespeed | per hour. 5 Look out! There's a p___crossing the road. 6 You can either cross the river by driving south for 30 minutes to the bridge or wait for the f___toarrive toand (on a motorway in the UK is 70 miles ‘Complete the sentences with a preposition 1 Canyoupick __ my shopping on the way home? 2. Please drop me ___outside the café on the corner. 3. We both fel asleep on the train and so we didn’t get at our station! 4 think Il go foot today and save some money. 5 Did you come your caror____ your motorbike? ‘lk about transport and travel inthe city — ' Real life 5 Number the lines of a conversation in the correct order (1-8). 1 Hi, 'd like a ticket to Moscow, please. At ten thirty, Here's your ticket. Single or return? OK. A single ticket is 61 euros. Is that OK? ‘Thanks. Which platform does it go from? Yes, that’s fine. What time is the next one? § Platform eight. Single, please. Work in pairs. Roleplay this situation, Student A: You are a tourist in Kolkata, India, Ask a rickshaw driver to take you to your hotel. Student B: You are rickshaw driver. Talk to the tourist and discuss your price, a ask fr and buy a ticket {99.0n ajourney using different types of transport Ly Speaking 7 Workin pai s. What is your favourite way to travel eg. by plane, train, bus)? What is your least favourite way to travel? Why? ocanned Witt vamstar