3

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html xmlns="http://www.w3.
org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"

xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"
xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#
scribd-com: http://ogp.me/ns/apps/scribd-com#"><link rel="preconnect"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous"
href="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/regular/source_sans_pro_reg
ular.457ed42e.woff" as="font"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous"
href="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold/source_sans_pro_se
mibold.ca68ab24.woff" as="font"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.948a904d.ttf"
as="font"><script>
window.Scribd = window.Scribd || {};
window.Scribd.config =
{"js_logging_enabled":false,"raise_js_callback_errors":false,"session_domain":".scr
ibd.com","csrf_token_url":"https://www.scribd.com/csrf_token","facebook":
{"app_id":136494494209,"permissions":"email,public_profile","namespace":"scribd-
com","link_url":"/facebook_link"}};
window.Scribd.webpack_public_path = "https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/";
window.Scribd.AssetPath = "https://s-f.scribdassets.com/";
</script><style>.wrapper__text_button{font-family:Source Sans Pro,sans-
serif;background-color:transparent;border-radius:0;border:0;box-sizing:border-
box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;color:#1e7b85;font-size:16px;font-
weight:700;min-height:0;line-height:normal;min-
width:0;padding:0}.wrapper__text_button:visited{color:#1e7b85}.wrapper__text_button
:hover{background-
color:transparent;border:0;color:#0d6069}.wrapper__text_button:active{background-
color:transparent;border:0;color:#0d6069}.wrapper__text_button.negate{color:#fff}.w
rapper__text_button.negate:active,.wrapper__text_button.negate:hover{color:#fff}.wr
apper__text_button.disabled,.wrapper__text_button:disabled{background-
color:transparent;color:#57617a}.wrapper__text_button.disabled:visited,.wrapper__te
xt_button:disabled:visited{color:#57617a}.wrapper__text_button.disabled:hover,.wrap
per__text_button:disabled:hover{background-
color:transparent}.wrapper__text_button.disabled.loading,.wrapper__text_button:disa
bled.loading{color:#e9edf8;background-
color:transparent}.wrapper__text_button.disabled.loading:hover,.wrapper__text_butto
n:disabled.loading:hover{background-color:transparent}@media (min-width:320px)
{.breakpoint_hide.at_or_above.b320{display:none}}@media (min-width:450px)
{.breakpoint_hide.above.b320{display:none}}@media (min-width:451px)
{.breakpoint_hide.above.b1376{display:none}}@media (max-width:320px)
{.breakpoint_hide.at_or_below.b320{display:none}}@media (max-width:450px)
{.breakpoint_hide.below.b320{display:none}}@media (max-width:449px)
{.breakpoint_hide.below.b1376{display:none}}.wrapper__outline-button{font-
family:Source Sans Pro,sans-serif;transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s
ease-in-out;-moz-transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s ease-in-out;-
webkit-transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s ease-in-out;background-
color:transparent;border:1px solid #1e7b85;border-radius:4px;box-sizing:border-
box;color:#1e7b85;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:18px;font-
weight:600;line-height:1.3em;padding:12px 24px;text-align:center}.keyboard_focus
.wrapper__outline-button:focus,.wrapper__outline-button.hover,.wrapper__outline-
button:hover{background-color:#f8f9fd;border-
color:#0d6069;color:#0d6069}.wrapper__outline-button.activated,.wrapper__outline-
button:active{background-color:#f8f9fd;border-
color:#0d6069;color:#0d6069}.wrapper__outline-button.disabled,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading.disabled,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading:disabled,.wrapper__outline-button:disabled{transition:none;-moz-
transition:none;-webkit-transition:none;background-
color:#e9edf8;border:0;color:#57617a;cursor:default}.wrapper__outline-
button.disabled:visited,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading.disabled:visited,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading:disabled:visited,.wrapper__outline-
button:disabled:visited{color:#57617a}.wrapper__outline-
button.disabled:active,.wrapper__outline-button.disabled:hover,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading.disabled:active,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading.disabled:hover,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading:disabled:active,.wrapper__outline-
button.loading:disabled:hover,.wrapper__outline-
button:disabled:active,.wrapper__outline-button:disabled:hover{background-
color:#e9edf8}.wrapper__filled-button{font-family:Source Sans Pro,sans-
serif;transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s ease-in-out;-moz-
transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s ease-in-out;-webkit-
transition:background .1s ease-in-out,color .1s ease-in-out;background-
color:#1e7b85;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid #1e7b85;box-sizing:border-
box;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:18px;font-
weight:600;line-height:1.3em;padding:12px 24px;position:relative;text-
align:center}.wrapper__filled-button:visited{color:#fff}.wrapper__filled-
button.activated,.wrapper__filled-button.hover,.wrapper__filled-
button:active,.wrapper__filled-button:hover{background-
color:#0d6069;color:#fff}.wrapper__filled-button.disabled,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading.disabled,.wrapper__filled-button.loading:disabled,.wrapper__filled-
button:disabled{transition:none;-moz-transition:none;-webkit-
transition:none;background-
color:#e9edf8;border:0;color:#57617a;cursor:default}.wrapper__filled-
button.disabled:visited,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading.disabled:visited,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading:disabled:visited,.wrapper__filled-
button:disabled:visited{color:#57617a}.wrapper__filled-
button.disabled:active,.wrapper__filled-button.disabled:hover,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading.disabled:active,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading.disabled:hover,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading:disabled:active,.wrapper__filled-
button.loading:disabled:hover,.wrapper__filled-
button:disabled:active,.wrapper__filled-button:disabled:hover{background-
color:#e9edf8}.wrapper__filled-button
.wrapper__spinner{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:flex;alig
n-items:center;justify-content:center}@keyframes rotate{0%
{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.wrapper__spinner
svg{height:30px;width:30px;animation-name:rotate;animation-duration:.7s;animation-
iteration-count:infinite;animation-timing-function:linear;-ms-high-contrast-
adjust:none}.wrapper__spinner.slow svg{animation-
duration:1.2s}.wrapper__spinner.large svg{background-
size:60px;height:60px;width:60px}.wrapper__button_menu{position:relative}.wrapper__
button_menu .button_menu{background:#fff;border-radius:4px;border:1px solid
#e9edf8;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1);position:absolute;z-index:2700;min-
width:220px}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu:before{background:#fff;border-
radius:4px;bottom:0;content:"
";display:block;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:-1}@media (max-
width:450px){.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu:not(.no_fullscreen)
{position:fixed;top:0!important;left:0!important;right:0!important;bottom:0!
important;width:auto!important}}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu
.button_menu_arrow{border-width:6px;z-index:-2}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu .button_menu_arrow:before{transform:rotate(45deg);box-shadow:0 0 10px
rgba(0,0,0,.1);content:"
";display:block;height:10px;position:relative;width:10px}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu .button_menu_arrow,.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu
.button_menu_arrow:after{border-color:transparent;border-
style:solid;display:block;height:0;position:absolute;width:0}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu .button_menu_arrow:after{border-width:5px;content:""}@media (max-
width:450px){.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu
.button_menu_arrow{display:none}}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.top{bottom:calc(100% + 10px)}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.top
.button_menu_arrow{bottom:-6px;border-bottom-width:0;border-top-
color:#e9edf8}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.top
.button_menu_arrow:before{top:-12.5px;left:-5px}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.top .button_menu_arrow:after{content:" ";bottom:1px;margin-left:-
5px;border-bottom-width:0;border-top-color:#fff}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.bottom{top:calc(100% + 10px)}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.bottom
.button_menu_arrow{top:-6px;border-top-width:0;border-bottom-
color:#e9edf8}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.bottom
.button_menu_arrow:before{top:2.5px;left:-5px}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.bottom .button_menu_arrow:after{content:" ";top:1px;margin-left:-
5px;border-top-width:0;border-bottom-color:#fff}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.left{right:-15px}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.left
.button_menu_arrow{right:15px;left:auto}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.left.library_button_menu{right:0}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu.right{left:-15px}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu.right
.button_menu_arrow{left:15px;margin-left:0}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu
.close_btn{position:absolute;top:16px;right:16px;display:none}@media
(max-width:450px){.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu
.close_btn{display:block}}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items{margin-
bottom:10px;max-height:400px;overflow-y:auto}.wrapper__button_menu
.button_menu_items li{padding:10px 20px;min-width:320px;box-sizing:border-
box}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items li
a{color:#1e7b85}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items li
.pull_right{float:right}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items
li.disabled_row,.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items li.disabled_row
a{color:#e9edf8}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items li:not(.menu_heading)
{cursor:pointer}.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items .menu_heading{text-
transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;padding:4px 20px}@media (max-width:450px)
{.wrapper__button_menu .button_menu_items{max-
height:100vh}}.wrapper__button_menu .list_item{display:block;border-bottom:1px
solid #f3f6fd;padding:10px 20px}.wrapper__button_menu .list_item:last-child{border-
bottom:none;margin-bottom:6px}.wrapper__button_menu .list_heading{font-
size:20px;text-align:left;display:none}@media (max-width:450px)
{.wrapper__button_menu .list_heading{display:block}}.wrapper__button_menu
.list_heading
.close_btn{position:absolute;top:14px;right:14px;cursor:pointer}.wrapper__app_store
_buttons{line-height:inherit;list-
style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.wrapper__app_store_buttons li{line-
height:inherit}.wrapper__app_store_buttons
.app_store_img{height:40px}.wrapper__app_store_buttons
li{display:block}.wrapper__app_store_buttons li .app_link{display:block;margin-
bottom:4px}.wrapper__app_store_buttons li .app_link
img,.wrapper__store_button{display:block}.wrapper__store_button
.app_link{display:block;margin-bottom:4px}.wrapper__store_button .app_link
img{display:block}.wrapper__store_button
.app_store_img{height:40px}.wrapper__checkbox{position:relative;text-
align:left}.wrapper__checkbox label{cursor:pointer}.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label{display:inline-block;line-height:1.5em}.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label:before{font-size:16px;border:none;box-
shadow:none;color:#8f929e;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-
family:scribd;font-size:inherit;margin-
right:12px;position:relative;top:2px;vertical-align:top}.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label.checked:before{color:#017f70}.keyboard_focus .wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label.focused:before{outline:2px solid #02a793;outline-
offset:2px}.wrapper__checkbox .checkbox_label .input_text{font-family:Source Sans
Pro,sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:#1c263d;display:inline-block;font-
size:inherit;font-weight:400;line-height:unset;vertical-
align:unset}.wrapper__checkbox .checkbox_label.focused
.input_text,.wrapper__checkbox .checkbox_label:hover
.input_text{color:#1c263d}.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label.focused:before,.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label:hover:before{color:#0d6069}.wrapper__checkbox
.checkbox_label.with_description .input_text{color:#57617a;font-
weight:700}.wrapper__checkbox .checkbox_label.with_description .description{font-
family:Source Sans Pro,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:#57617a;display:block;line-
height:1.29em;margin-left:28px}.wrapper__static_stars .star_label{font-
size:12px}@keyframes Step{0%{left:-200%}to{left:0}}@keyframes ShowFade{0%
{display:none;opacity:0}1%
{display:block;opacity:0}to{display:block;opacity:1}}.wrapper__animated_content{dis
play:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:10px}.wrapper__animated_content
.contents,.wrapper__animated_content .steps{line-height:inherit;list-
style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.wrapper__animated_content .contents
li,.wrapper__animated_content .steps li{line-
height:inherit}.wrapper__animated_content .contents .content{opacity:0;text-
align:center}.wrapper__animated_content .contents .content:not(.active)
{display:none}.wrapper__animated_content .contents
.content.active{animation:ShowFade .3s ease-
in;opacity:1}.wrapper__animated_content.above .contents{padding-
top:5px}.wrapper__animated_content.below .contents{padding-
bottom:5px}.wrapper__animated_content .steps{display:flex;height:10px;align-
items:center;justify-content:space-around}.wrapper__animated_content .steps
.step{border-radius:5px;height:2px;margin-
left:5px;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.wrapper__animated_content .steps
.step:first-child{margin-left:0}.wrapper__animated_content .steps .step.active
.progress{display:block;content:"";height:inherit;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;wi
dth:200%;animation-name:Step;animation-timing-function:cubic-
bezier(0,0,1,.2)}.wrapper__animated_content.dark{background-
color:#00293f;color:#fff}.wrapper__animated_content.dark
.step{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.2)}.wrapper__animated_content.dark .step.active
.progress{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#fff
80%,hsla(0,0%,100%,.2))}.wrapper__animated_content.dark
.step.complete{background:#fff}.wrapper__animated_content.light{background-
color:#fff;color:#1c263d}.wrapper__animated_content.light
.step{background:rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.wrapper__animated_content.light .step.active
.progress{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#8f929e
80%,transparent)}.wrapper__animated_content.light
.step.complete{background:#8f929e}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs{backgroun
d-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid
#e9edf8;bottom:0;display:flex;height:60px;left:0;padding-bottom:env(safe-area-
inset-bottom,12px);position:fixed;width:100%;z-
index:29}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs ul{line-height:inherit;list-
style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-
content:space-between;width:100%}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs ul
li{line-height:inherit}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs li{flex-
basis:0;flex-grow:1;padding:2px 1px;position:relative;max-
width:25%}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs a{align-
items:center;color:#00293f;font-size:12px;height:100%;justify-content:center;text-
align:center}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs a .icon{display:block;font-
size:24px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-
top:7px}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs .title{white-
space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;padding:0
6px}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs
li.selected:after{background:#a9085e;bottom:0;content:"
";height:2px;left:0;position:absolute;width:100%}.wrapper__mobile_bottom_navigation
_tabs .selected
a{color:#a9085e}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings{color:#1c263d;display:flex;line-
height:42px;position:relative}@media (max-width:950px)
{.wrapper__shared_star_ratings{flex-direction:column;line-
height:normal}}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings
.clear_rating,.wrapper__shared_star_ratings .star_label_text{display:inline-
flex;font-weight:600}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings
.clear_rating,.wrapper__shared_star_ratings
.inform_rating_saved,.wrapper__shared_star_ratings .tips{font-
size:14px}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings .star_label_text{margin-
right:15px}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings .star_ratings{display:inline-flex;font-
size:40px;line-height:40px}.wrapper__shared_star_ratings .star_ratings
.rating_star{transform-origin:50% 50%;transition:all .5s linear,color .1s ease-in-
out;-moz-transition:all .5s linear,color .1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:all .5s
linear,color .1s ease-in-
out;background:none;border:0;color:#57617a;cursor:pointer;padding:0 0 4px;font-
size:36px;margin-right:12px}.wrapper__text_input{margin:0 0 18px;max-
width:650px}.wrapper__text_input label{display:block;font-size:16px;font-
weight:700}.wrapper__text_input label .optional{font-
weight:400;color:#57617a}.wrapper__text_input .help{font-
size:14px;color:#57617a;display:block}.wrapper__text_input
input,.wrapper__text_input input[type]{outline:none;border-radius:4px;border:1px
solid #8f929e;padding:8px 14px;width:100%;height:40px;box-sizing:border-
box}.wrapper__text_input input:focus,.wrapper__text_input input[type]:focus{border-
color:#02a793;box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 #017f70}@media screen and (-ms-high-
contrast:active){.wrapper__text_input input:focus,.wrapper__text_input
input[type]:focus{outline:1px dashed!important}}.wrapper__text_input
input.disabled,.wrapper__text_input input[type].disabled{background-
color:#f8f9fd}.wrapper__text_input input::-ms-clear,.wrapper__text_input
input[type]::-ms-clear{display:none}.wrapper__text_input
abbr.asterisk_require{font-size:120%}.wrapper__text_input.has_error
input[type=email].field_err,.wrapper__text_input.has_error
input[type=password].field_err,.wrapper__text_input.has_error
input[type=text].field_err,.wrapper__text_input.has_error
textarea.field_err{border-color:#b31e30;box-shadow:0 0 1px 0
#f2dede}.wrapper__text_input .input_wrapper{position:relative;margin-
top:4px}.wrapper__input_error{color:#b31e30;font-size:14px;margin-top:6px;text-
align:left;font-weight:400}.wrapper__input_error .icon{margin-
right:5px;position:relative;top:2px}.wrapper__breadcrumbs{margin-top:16px;margin-
bottom:16px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.wrapper__breadcrumbs .breadcrumbs-
list{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;flex-
wrap:wrap}.wrapper__breadcrumbs .breadcrumbs-list li{line-
height:inherit}.wrapper__breadcrumbs .icon{position:relative;top:1px;font-
size:13px;color:#caced9;margin:0 8px}@font-face{font-
family:scribd;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.b0bd68e3.eot);src:url(https://s
-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.b0bd68e3.eot#iefix)
format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.948a904d.ttf),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.dafe5c19.woff),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/icons/icons.ef1ccb2a.svg#scribd)
format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:block}[class*="
icon-"],[class^=icon-]{font-family:scribd!important;speak:never;font-
style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-
height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-
smoothing:grayscale}.icon-ic_note_multiple:before{content:"\e9e7"}.icon-
ic_note_single:before{content:"\e9e8"}.icon-
ic_series_16:before{content:"\e9f8"}.icon-ic_eye_hide:before{content:"\e9e1"}.i
con-ic_eye_show:before{content:"\e9e2"}.icon-
ic_linespacing_1:before{content:"\e9e3"}.icon-
ic_linespacing_2:before{content:"\e9f3"}.icon-
ic_linespacing_3:before{content:"\e9f4"}.icon-
ic_play_32:before{content:"\e9f6"}.icon-ic_series_24:before{content:"\e9f7"}.icon-
ic_apple_24:before{content:"\e9f2"}.icon-
ic_facebook_24:before{content:"\e9f5"}.icon-
ic_circle_large:before{content:"\e9f1"}.icon-
ic_notification_fill:before{content:"\e9ed"}.icon-
ic_notification_line:before{content:"\e9ee"}.icon-
ic_history_left:before{content:"\e9ef"}.icon-
ic_history_right:before{content:"\e9f0"}.icon-
ic_caraudio_large:before{content:"\e9eb"}.icon-
ic_caraudio:before{content:"\e9ec"}.icon-
ic_responsiveweb:before{content:"\e9ea"}.icon-
ic_zoomtofit:before{content:"\e9e9"}.icon-
ic_copy_large:before{content:"\e9e5"}.icon-
ic_email_large:before{content:"\e9e6"}.icon-
ic_toptobottom:before{content:"\e9e4"}.icon-
ic_language:before{content:"\e9e0"}.icon-
ic_finished_fill:before{content:"\e9df"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_snapshot_fill:before{content:"\e9db"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_snapshot:before{content:"\e9dc"}.icon-
ic_small_snapshot_fill:before{content:"\e9dd"}.icon-
ic_small_snapshot:before{content:"\e9de"}.icon-
ic_copy:before{content:"\e9d9"}.icon-ic_copy_small:before{content:"\e9da"}.icon-
ic_clock_small:before{content:"\e9d7"}.icon-
ic_pages_small:before{content:"\e9d8"}.icon-ic_clock:before{content:"\e9d5"}.icon-
ic_pages:before{content:"\e9d6"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_topcharts:before{content:"\e9d4"}.icon-
ic_small_songbook:before{content:"\e91f"}.icon-
ic_small_audiobook:before{content:"\e920"}.icon-
ic_small_magazine_fill:before{content:"\e921"}.icon-
ic_small_magazine:before{content:"\e996"}.icon-
ic_small_articles:before{content:"\e9c7"}.icon-
ic_articles_fill:before{content:"\e9c8"}.icon-
ic_articles:before{content:"\e9c9"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_fill:before{content:"\e9ca"}.icon-
ic_audiobook:before{content:"\e9cb"}.icon-
ic_book_fill:before{content:"\e9cc"}.icon-ic_book:before{content:"\e9cd"}.icon-
ic_document_fill:before{content:"\e9ce"}.icon-
ic_document:before{content:"\e9cf"}.icon-
ic_magazine_fill:before{content:"\e9d0"}.icon-
ic_magazine:before{content:"\e9d1"}.icon-
ic_songbook_fill:before{content:"\e9d2"}.icon-
ic_songbook:before{content:"\e9d3"}.icon-ic_finished:before{content:"\e91c"}.icon-
ic_finished_small:before{content:"\e91e"}.icon-
ic_book_outline_small:before{content:"\e919"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_play_small:before{content:"\e91a"}.icon-
ic_small_book:before{content:"\e91b"}.icon-
ic_accountsettings_fill:before{content:"\e91d"}.icon-
ic_availablesoon_small:before{content:"\e918"}.icon-
ic_remove_download_small:before{content:"\e912"}.icon-
ic_warning_small:before{content:"\e913"}.icon-
ic_follow_star_small:before{content:"\e914"}.icon-
ic_followed_star_small:before{content:"\e915"}.icon-
ic_follow_star:before{content:"\e916"}.icon-
ic_followed_star:before{content:"\e917"}.icon-
ic_small_checkbox_fill:before{content:"\e910"}.icon-
ic_small_checkbox_outline:before{content:"\e911"}.icon-
ic_openinnewwindow_8:before{content:"\e90e"}.icon-
ic_openinnewwindow_small:before{content:"\e90f"}.icon-
ic_refine_24:before{content:"\e90d"}.icon-
ic_save_for_later_2px:before{content:"\e90b"}.icon-
ic_saved_for_later_2px:before{content:"\e90c"}.icon-
ic_minus_circle:before{content:"\e909"}.icon-
ic_questionmark:before{content:"\e90a"}.icon-
ic_calendar_24:before{content:"\e906"}.icon-
ic_storedoffline_24:before{content:"\e907"}.icon-
ic_articles_24:before{content:"\e908"}.icon-
ic_checkmark_circle_outline:before{content:"\e905"}.icon-
ic_success:before{content:"\e903"}.icon-ic_warning:before{content:"\e904"}.icon-
ic_checkmark_bold:before{content:"\e902"}.icon-
ic_scribd_badge_logo:before{content:"\e901"}.icon-
ic_scribd_social_logo:before{content:"\e900"}.icon-
ic_share_web:before{content:"\e9c6"}.icon-
ic_menuclosed:before{content:"\e922"}.icon-
ic_slide_fwd:before{content:"\e9c5"}.icon-
ic_page_vertical_arrow:before{content:"\e97e"}.icon-
ic_zoom_out_default:before{content:"\e97f"}.icon-
ic_zoom_in_default:before{content:"\e980"}.icon-
ic_nightmode:before{content:"\e981"}.icon-
ic_sepiamode:before{content:"\e982"}.icon-ic_daymode:before{content:"\e983"}.icon-
ic_vertical_reading:before{content:"\e984"}.icon-
ic_horizontal_reading:before{content:"\e985"}.icon-
ic_checkmark_outline_circle:before{content:"\e986"}.icon-
ic_edit_pencil:before{content:"\e987"}.icon-
ic_apple_mark:before{content:"\e988"}.icon-
ic_android_mark:before{content:"\e989"}.icon-ic_heart:before{content:"\e98a"}.icon-
ic_close_circle_fill:before{content:"\e98b"}.icon-
ic_warn:before{content:"\e98c"}.icon-ic_email:before{content:"\e98d"}.icon-
ic_upload_with_line:before{content:"\e98e"}.icon-
ic_twitter:before{content:"\e98f"}.icon-ic_facebook:before{content:"\e990"}.icon-
ic_pinterest:before{content:"\e991"}.icon-ic_linkedin:before{content:"\e992"}.icon-
ic_embed:before{content:"\e993"}.icon-
ic_radiobutton_empty:before{content:"\e994"}.icon-
ic_radiobutton_filled:before{content:"\e995"}.icon-
ic_reader_bookmark_on:before{content:"\e997"}.icon-
ic_reader_bookmark_off:before{content:"\e998"}.icon-
ic_print:before{content:"\e999"}.icon-
ic_download_with_line:before{content:"\e99a"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_upload:before{content:"\e99b"}.icon-
ic_web_player_volume_3:before{content:"\e99c"}.icon-
ic_web_player_volume_2:before{content:"\e99d"}.icon-
ic_web_player_volume_1:before{content:"\e99e"}.icon-
ic_web_player_volume_0:before{content:"\e99f"}.icon-
ic_badge_audio_old:before{content:"\e9a0"}.icon-
ic_fullscreen_collapse:before{content:"\e9a1"}.icon-
ic_fullscreen_window:before{content:"\e9a2"}.icon-
ic_read_circle:before{content:"\e9a3"}.icon-
ic_popular_circle:before{content:"\e9a4"}.icon-
ic_chat_circle:before{content:"\e9a5"}.icon-
ic_user_circle:before{content:"\e9a6"}.icon-
ic_music_jam:before{content:"\e9a7"}.icon-
ic_music_hits:before{content:"\e9a8"}.icon-
ic_music_classics:before{content:"\e9a9"}.icon-
ic_music_broadway:before{content:"\e9aa"}.icon-
ic_slide_back:before{content:"\e9ab"}.icon-ic_cart:before{content:"\e9ac"}.icon-
ic_toc_list:before{content:"\e9ad"}.icon-ic_share:before{content:"\e97d"}.icon-
ic_checkbox_outline:before{content:"\e923"}.icon-
ic_checkbox_fill:before{content:"\e948"}.icon-
ic_displaysettings:before{content:"\e95a"}.icon-
ic_checkmark_circle_fill:before{content:"\e971"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_saved_fill:before{content:"\e924"}.icon-
ic_thumbsdown_fill:before{content:"\e925"}.icon-
ic_thumbsup_fill:before{content:"\e93e"}.icon-
ic_store_offline_small:before{content:"\e926"}.icon-
ic_right_caret_alt:before{content:"\e927"}.icon-
ic_thumbsdown_outline:before{content:"\e928"}.icon-
ic_thumbsup_outline:before{content:"\e929"}.icon-
ic_overflowmenu:before{content:"\e930"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_pause:before{content:"\e938"}.icon-
ic_save_for_later_1px:before{content:"\e93a"}.icon-
ic_saved_for_later_1px:before{content:"\e93b"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_saved:before{content:"\e945"}.icon-
ic_right_arrow:before{content:"\e946"}.icon-
ic_back_arrow:before{content:"\e947"}.icon-
ic_add_circle:before{content:"\e970"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_pause_large:before{content:"\e92a"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_play_large:before{content:"\e92b"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_back:before{content:"\e92c"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_forward:before{content:"\e92d"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_skipback:before{content:"\e92e"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_skipfwd:before{content:"\e92f"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_sleepoff:before{content:"\e931"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_sleepon:before{content:"\e932"}.icon-
ic_star_large_fill:before{content:"\e933"}.icon-
ic_star_large_halffill:before{content:"\e934"}.icon-
ic_star_large_outline:before{content:"\e935"}.icon-
ic_abouttitle:before{content:"\e936"}.icon-
ic_accountsettings:before{content:"\e937"}.icon-
ic_addtolist:before{content:"\e939"}.icon-
ic_align_center:before{content:"\e93c"}.icon-
ic_align_justify:before{content:"\e93d"}.icon-
ic_align_left:before{content:"\e93f"}.icon-
ic_align_right:before{content:"\e940"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_play:before{content:"\e941"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_rewind:before{content:"\e942"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_skipback_24:before{content:"\e943"}.icon-
ic_audiobook_skipfwd_24:before{content:"\e944"}.icon-
ic_checkmark:before{content:"\e949"}.icon-ic_close:before{content:"\e94a"}.icon-
ic_create_note:before{content:"\e94b"}.icon-ic_delete:before{content:"\e94c"}.icon-
ic_down_arrow:before{content:"\e94d"}.icon-
ic_download_cancel:before{content:"\e94e"}.icon-
ic_download_queue:before{content:"\e94f"}.icon-
ic_filter_active:before{content:"\e950"}.icon-
ic_filter:before{content:"\e951"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_browse_fill:before{content:"\e952"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_browse:before{content:"\e953"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_home_fill:before{content:"\e954"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_home:before{content:"\e955"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_profile_fill:before{content:"\e956"}.icon-
ic_globalnav_profile:before{content:"\e957"}.icon-
ic_highlight:before{content:"\e958"}.icon-ic_minus:before{content:"\e959"}.icon-
ic_note:before{content:"\e95b"}.icon-ic_notebook:before{content:"\e95c"}.icon-
ic_pagegrid:before{content:"\e95d"}.icon-ic_plus:before{content:"\e95e"}.icon-
ic_private_line_open:before{content:"\e95f"}.icon-
ic_private_line:before{content:"\e960"}.icon-
ic_private:before{content:"\e961"}.icon-
ic_remove_download:before{content:"\e962"}.icon-
ic_removefromlist:before{content:"\e963"}.icon-
ic_righttoleft:before{content:"\e964"}.icon-
ic_scrubber_back:before{content:"\e965"}.icon-
ic_search:before{content:"\e966"}.icon-
ic_star_medium_fill:before{content:"\e967"}.icon-
ic_star_medium_halffill:before{content:"\e968"}.icon-
ic_star_medium_outline:before{content:"\e969"}.icon-
ic_storeoffline:before{content:"\e96a"}.icon-
ic_tableofcontents:before{content:"\e96b"}.icon-
ic_text_message:before{content:"\e96c"}.icon-
ic_topauthor:before{content:"\e96d"}.icon-ic_up_arrow:before{content:"\e96e"}.icon-
promo_credits:before{content:"\e96f"}.icon-
promo_unlimited:before{content:"\e972"}.icon-
ic_adjustbrightness_thin:before{content:"\e973"}.icon-
ic_arrow_small_left_1px:before{content:"\e974"}.icon-
ic_arrow_small_left_alt:before{content:"\e975"}.icon-
ic_arrow_small_up_1px:before{content:"\e
976"}.icon-ic_arrow_small_up_alt:before{content:"\e977"}.icon-
ic_close_small:before{content:"\e978"}.icon-
ic_dropdown_1px:before{content:"\e979"}.icon-
ic_dropdown_alt:before{content:"\e97a"}.icon-
ic_highlight_small:before{content:"\e97b"}.icon-
ic_input_clear:before{content:"\e97c"}.icon-
ic_note_small:before{content:"\e9ae"}.icon-
ic_right_caret_1px:before{content:"\e9af"}.icon-
ic_search_small:before{content:"\e9b0"}.icon-
ic_small_articles_fill:before{content:"\e9b1"}.icon-
ic_small_audiobook_fill:before{content:"\e9b2"}.icon-
ic_small_audiobook_old_fill:before{content:"\e9b3"}.icon-
ic_small_author_fill:before{content:"\e9b4"}.icon-
ic_small_book_fill:before{content:"\e9b5"}.icon-
ic_small_collection_fill:before{content:"\e9b6"}.icon-
ic_small_document_fill:before{content:"\e9b7"}.icon-
ic_small_document:before{content:"\e9b8"}.icon-
ic_small_song_fill:before{content:"\e9b9"}.icon-
ic_small_songbook_fill:before{content:"\e9ba"}.icon-
ic_small_user_fill:before{content:"\e9bb"}.icon-
ic_small_user:before{content:"\e9bc"}.icon-
ic_star_small_fill:before{content:"\e9bd"}.icon-
ic_star_small_halffill:before{content:"\e9be"}.icon-
ic_star_small_outline:before{content:"\e9bf"}.icon-
ic_storedoffline:before{content:"\e9c0"}.icon-
ic_thumbsdown_fill_small:before{content:"\e9c1"}.icon-
ic_thumbsdown_outline_small:before{content:"\e9c2"}.icon-
ic_thumbsup_fill_small:before{content:"\e9c3"}.icon-
ic_thumbsup_outline_small:before{content:"\e9c4"}body{font-family:Source Sans
Pro,sans-serif;margin:0;color:#1c263d;font-size:16px;-webkit-font-
smoothing:antialiased}body.dragging,body.unselectable{user-
select:none;cursor:default}body.fixed_min_width{min-
width:996px}body.has_header_shadow:before{content:"";position:fixed;background:tran
sparent;top:0;right:0;left:0;height:62px;z-index:2;transition:all .25s ease-in-
out;-moz-transition:all .25s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease-in-
out}body.has_header_shadow.show_header_shadow:before{background:rgba(0,0,0,.15);hei
ght:65px}body.header_overlay_open{overflow:hidden}body :focus{outline-
width:0}body.keyboard_focus :focus{outline:2px solid #02a793}@media (max-
width:450px){body.mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs_present{padding-
bottom:60px;position:relative}}input:not([type]):focus,input[type=date]:focus,input
[type=datetime-
local]:focus,input[type=datetime]:focus,input[type=email]:focus,input[type=month]:f
ocus,input[type=number]:focus,input[type=password]:focus,input[type=search]:focus,i
nput[type=tel]:focus,input[type=text]:focus,input[type=time]:focus,input[type=url]:
focus,input[type=week]:focus,textarea:focus{outline-width:2px}input[type=search]{-
webkit-appearance:textfield}button,input,select,textarea{font-
size:100%}legend{border:0;padding:0;white-
space:normal}.pseudo_link,.pseudoLink,a{color:#1e7b85;text-
decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s ease-in-out;-moz-
transition:color .2s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:color .2s ease-in-
out}.pseudo_link:hover,.pseudoLink:hover,a:hover{color:#0d6069}h1,h2,h3,h4{line-
height:normal}h1{font-size:42px;color:#000514}h1.book_title{font-size:40px;line-
height:1.15;font-weight:400;color:#1c263d}h2{font-size:32px;color:#000514}h2
.book_title{font-size:38px;line-height:48px;color:#1c263d}h3{font-
size:28px;color:#000514}h3 .book_title{font-size:26px;line-
height:32px;color:#1c263d}h4 .book_title{font-size:18px;line-height:22px}p{line-
height:1.5}ol,p,ul{margin:0 0 24px}ol li,ul li{line-
height:1.8}fieldset{border:none;padding:0}.header_spacer{display:none;height:60px}.
responsive
.header_spacer{display:block}.clearfix{zoom:1}.clearfix:after{content:".";display:b
lock;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}.hidden{display:none!
important}.global_wrapper{overflow:hidden;background:#f8f9fd}.full_width
.global_wrapper{background:#fff}.divider{margin:0 1px;border-top:1px solid
#e2e4e5}.divider .divider_bottom{border-top:1px solid #cfd2d3;margin:1px 3px
0}.divider.brown,.divider.brown .divider_bottom{border-top-
color:#e9edf8}.tab_nav{white-space:nowrap;margin:30px 0}.tab_nav.center_tabs{text-
align:center}.tab_nav.center_tabs .tab{margin-right:20px;margin-
left:20px}.tab_nav .tab{user-select:none;display:inline-block;transition:all .4s
ease;-moz-transition:all .4s ease;-webkit-transition:all .4s ease;border-bottom:3px
solid transparent;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:14px;color:#57617a;vertical-
align:top;margin-right:40px;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:.08em}.tab_nav .tab
a{color:inherit;padding:0 0 2px}.tab_nav .tab:hover{color:#0d6069}.tab_nav
.tab:hover a{color:#0d6069}.tab_nav .tab.current{color:#1e7b85;border-
color:#1e7b85}.tab_nav .tab.current a{color:#1e7b85}.tab_nav .tab:last-
child{margin-right:0}.tab_nav.disabled{user-select:none;cursor:default;border-
color:transparent}.tab_nav.disabled
.tab{cursor:default;color:#e9edf8}.tab_nav.disabled .tab.current{border-
color:#e9edf8}.tab_nav.disabled .tab:hover:not(.current){border-
color:transparent}.form input.text,.form input[type=email],.form
input[type=password],.form input[type=search],.form input[type=tel],.form
input[type=text],.form textarea,form input.text,form input[type=email],form
input[type=password],form input[type=search],form input[type=tel],form
input[type=text],form textarea{box-sizing:border-box;font-family:Source Sans
Pro,sans-serif;border-radius:4px;height:45px;padding:8px 14px;border:1px solid
#e9edf8;line-height:1.5;color:#1c263d;font-size:16px}.form
input.text::placeholder,.form input[type=email]::placeholder,.form
input[type=password]::placeholder,.form input[type=search]::placeholder,.form
input[type=tel]::placeholder,.form input[type=text]::placeholder,.form
textarea::placeholder,form input.text::placeholder,form
input[type=email]::placeholder,form input[type=password]::placeholder,form
input[type=search]::placeholder,form input[type=tel]::placeholder,form
input[type=text]::placeholder,form textarea::placeholder{color:#57617a}.form
input.text ::-webkit-input-placeholder,.form input[type=email] ::-webkit-input-
placeholder,.form input[type=password] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,.form
input[type=search] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,.form input[type=tel] ::-webkit-
input-placeholder,.form input[type=text] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,.form textarea
::-webkit-input-placeholder,form input.text ::-webkit-input-placeholder,form
input[type=email] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,form input[type=password] ::-webkit-
input-placeholder,form input[type=search] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,form
input[type=tel] ::-webkit-input-placeholder,form input[type=text] ::-webkit-input-
placeholder,form textarea ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#57617a}.form
input.text :-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=email] :-moz-placeholder,.form
input[type=password] :-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=search] :-moz-
placeholder,.form input[type=tel] :-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=text] :-moz-
placeholder,.form textarea :-moz-placeholder,form input.text :-moz-placeholder,form
input[type=email] :-moz-placeholder,form input[type=password] :-moz-
placeholder,form input[type=search] :-moz-placeholder,form input[type=tel] :-moz-
placeholder,form input[type=text] :-moz-placeholder,form textarea :-moz-
placeholder{color:#57617a}.form input.text ::-moz-placeholder,.form
input[type=email] ::-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=password] ::-moz-
placeholder,.form input[type=search] ::-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=tel]
::-moz-placeholder,.form input[type=text] ::-moz-placeholder,.form textarea ::-moz-
placeholder,form input.text ::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=email] ::-moz-
placeholder,form input[type=password] ::-moz-placeholder,form
input[type=search] ::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=tel] ::-moz-placeholder,form
input[type=text] ::-moz-placeholder,form textarea ::-moz-
placeholder{color:#57617a}.form input.text :-ms-input-placeholder,.form
input[type=email] :-ms-input-placeholder,.form input[type=password] :-ms-input-
placeholder,.form input[type=search] :-ms-input-placeholder,.form
input[type=tel] :-ms-input-placeholder,.form input[type=text] :-ms-input-
placeholder,.form textarea :-ms-input-placeholder,form input.text :-ms-input-
placeholder,form input[type=email] :-ms-input-placeholder,form input[type=password]
:-ms-input-placeholder,form input[type=search] :-ms-input-placeholder,form
input[type=tel] :-ms-input-placeholder,form input[type=text] :-ms-input-
placeholder,form textarea :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#57617a}.form
input.text.field_err,.form input[type=email].field_err,.form
input[type=password].field_err,.form input[type=search].field_err,.form
input[type=tel].field_err,.form input[type=text].field_err,.form
textarea.field_err,form input.text.field_err,form input[type=email].field_err,form
input[type=password].field_err,form input[type=search].field_err,form
input[type=tel].field_err,form input[type=text].field_err,form
textarea.field_err{border-color:#f2736e;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #f2736e}.form
input.text.default,.form input[type=email].default,.form
input[type=password].default,.form input[type=search].default,.form
input[type=tel].default,.form input[type=text].default,.form textarea.default,form
input.text.default,form input[type=email].default,form
input[type=password].default,form input[type=search].default,form
input[type=tel].default,form input[type=text].default,form
textarea.default{color:#999}.form input.validate_error,.form
textarea.validate_error,form input.validate_error,form
textarea.validate_error{border:1px solid #f2736e}.form textarea,form
textarea{height:auto}.notification_bar{color:#fff;background-
color:#85878a}.notification_bar.positive{background-
color:#82cc9c}.notification_bar.negative{background-
color:#f2736e}.notification_bar.success{background-
color:#82cc9c}.home_container{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 4px
rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-top:1px solid #fff;border-bottom:1px solid
#fff}.home_container .padded_content{padding:0 48px 10px}.ie6
.home_container,.ie7 .home_container,.ie8 .home_container{border:1px solid
#ccc}.home_container
.page_header{border-bottom:1px solid #e9edf8;padding:0 48px}.home_container
.page_header h1{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-
overflow:ellipsis;margin:35px 0 0}.home_container .page_header
h2{background:red}.home_container .page_header h2:before{content:"use h1 in header
please"}.home_container .notification_bar{padding:15px 48px;margin-
top:1px}.home_container .bottom_menu{zoom:1;padding:15px 48px;border-top:1px solid
#e9edf8;margin-top:30px;line-height:44px}.home_container
.bottom_menu:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.home_container,.open_contai
ner{text-align:left;width:auto;margin:45px auto}.loader{display:none;vertical-
align:middle;background:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/images/shared/spinner_30.90f9064b.gif);width:30px
;height:30px}.toolbar_notification{padding:0
45px;background:#57617a;color:#fff;height:64px;line-height:66px;text-
align:center;white-space:normal}.toolbar_notification .renew_btn{margin-
left:20px}.toolbar_notification.renewal_nag
.renewal_form{display:inline}.scribd_blue_long_logo,.scribd_white_logo{width:117px;
height:26px}.scribd_logo_badge{height:36px;width:36px}.lightbox_overlay,.modal_over
lay{z-
index:2999;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,.4980
39)}.visually_hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;width:1px;margin:-
1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}@media (max-width:450px)
{.visually_hidden_on_narrow{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;width:1px;margin:-
1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute}}.interest_pills{font-
size:0;overflow:hidden;padding:0;margin:0}.interest_pills .interest{display:inline-
block;box-sizing:border-box;word-spacing:normal;background:#fafbfd;font-
size:16px;color:#57617a;padding:3px 15px;border-radius:5px;border:1px solid
#e9edf8;max-width:100%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-
overflow:ellipsis;margin:8px 8px 2px 2px}.interest_pills
.interest:hover{background:#dde4f4}.interest_pills
.interest:active{background:#d9e2f9}.interest_pills li{display:inline-block;line-
height:inherit}.text_btn_alt{color:#a9085e!important;font-weight:700;font-
size:16px}.text_btn_alt:active,.text_btn_alt:hover{color:#87064b!
important}.text_btn_alt:disabled{color:#57617a!
important}#loading_lb{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-
content:center}#loading_lb .content{border:0}.type_display{font-size:36px;font-
weight:700}@media (max-width:550px){.type_display{font-
size:34px}}.type_display_body{font-size:22px;font-weight:400}@media (max-
width:550px){.type_display_body{font-size:20px}}.type_header1{font-size:42px;font-
weight:700}@media (max-width:550px){.responsive .type_header1{font-
size:32px}}.type_header2{font-size:36px;font-weight:700}@media (max-width:550px)
{.responsive .type_header2{font-size:28px}}.type_header3{font-size:28px;font-
size:24px}}.type_header4{font-size:22px;font-weight:700}@media (max-width:550px)
{.responsive .type_header4{font-size:20px}}.type_header5{font-size:20px;font-
size:18px}}.type_title{font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-
height:1.3}.type_title_small{font-size:16px;font-weight:700}.type_subtitle{font-
size:18px;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;line-height:1.3}.type_copy{font-
size:18px}@media (max-width:550px){.responsive .type_copy{font-
size:16px}}.type_copy_small{font-size:16px}.type_caption{font-
size:14px}.type_footnote{font-size:12px}.type_caps{font-weight:700;text-
transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em}.type_quote{font-size:18px;font-
style:italic}.availability_info{display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-
weight:700;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3em}.availability_info
.icon{line-height:1.3em;margin-
right:5px}.availability_info.is_unavailable{color:#000}.availability_info.is_expiri
ng{color:#57617a}.availability_info.is_available_soon{color:#3c763d}.new_items_indi
cator{background-color:#ed8f02;border:1px solid #e47b01;border-
radius:50%;height:6px;position:absolute;width:6px}.flex_row{display:flex;flex-
direction:row}.flex_col{display:flex;flex-
direction:column}.unstyled_link{color:#1c263d}.global_side_nav
.global_wrapper{padding-left:180px}@media (max-width:700px){.global_side_nav
.global_wrapper{padding-left:0}}.global_side_nav
#flash_container{position:relative;z-index:31px}@media (min-width:700px)
{.global_side_nav #flash_container{margin-
left:180px}}.global_side_nav.no_scroll{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.body_cont
ainer{margin-top:3.75em}.body_container.no_header{margin-top:0}@media (min-
width:700px){.body_container.full{margin-top:0}}.unstyled_list{list-
style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.unstyled_list,.unstyled_list li{line-
height:inherit}@font-face{font-family:Sofia Pro;font-weight:400;font-
style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/light/sofia_pro_light.9d72de6b.eo
t);src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/light/sofia_pro_light.9d72de6b.eo
t?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/light/sofia_pro_light.5ccb7fe0.wo
ff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/light/sofia_pro_light.1b3fb62f.tt
f) format("truetype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/light/sofia_pro_light.2cec5f57.sv
g#sofia_pro_light) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:Sofia Pro;font-
weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/medium/sofia_pro_medium.0abf642d.
eot);src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/medium/sofia_pro_medium.0abf642d.
eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/medium/sofia_pro_medium.e812de53.
woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/medium/sofia_pro_medium.e763f8a5.
ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/medium/sofia_pro_medium.2a829073.
svg#sofia_pro_medium) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:Sofia Pro;font-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/extralight/sofia_pro_extralight.a
ddee6ed.eot);src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/extralight/sofia_pro_extralight.a
ddee6ed.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/extralight/sofia_pro_extralight.4
00f145e.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/extralight/sofia_pro_extralight.b
fc2fb31.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/sofia_pro/extralight/sofia_pro_extralight.0
5cd29d4.svg#sofia_pro_extralight) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:Livory;font-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/regular/livory_regular.a5fa5a5a.eot)
;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/regular/livory_regular.a5fa5a5a.eot?
#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/regular/livory_regular.98fd91c9.woff
) format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/regular/livory_regular.d43ded74.ttf)
format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Livory;font-weight:400;font-
style:italic;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/italic/livory_italic.37151bfe.eot);s
rc:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/italic/livory_italic.37151bfe.eot?
#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/italic/livory_italic.724efdd8.woff)
format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/livory/italic/livory_italic.73dbc5c8.ttf)
format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Source Sans Pro;font-
display:fallback;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://s-
ular.4efe3ec2.eot);src:url(https://s-
ular.4efe3ec2.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
ular.1a5fb71a.svg#sourcesanspro) format("svg"),url(https://s-
ular.457ed42e.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
ular.73ae3a58.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Source Sans Pro;font-
display:fallback;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/italic/source_sans_pro_ital
ic.e417b7e8.eot);src:url(https://s-
ic.e417b7e8.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
ic.91952dc7.svg#sourcesanspro) format("svg"),url(https://s-
ic.252e5612.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
ic.2012918f.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Source Sans Pro;font-
display:fallback;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://s-
mibold.f3ce76cc.eot);src:url(https://s-
mibold.f3ce76cc.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold/source_sans_pro
_semibold.5c5262db.svg#sourcesanspro) format("svg"),url(https://s-
mibold.ca68ab24.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
mibold.1f6134fb.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Source Sans
Pro;font-display:fallback;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold_italic/source_sans
_pro_semibold_italic.e79c8f67.eot);src:url(https://s-
_pro_semibold_italic.e79c8f67.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-
opentype"),url(https://s-
_pro_semibold_italic.7786736a.svg#sourcesanspro) format("svg"),url(https://s-
_pro_semibold_italic.a5be0628.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
_pro_semibold_italic.502ff88d.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Source
Sans Pro;font-display:fallback;font-style:normal;font-weight:200;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/light/source_sans_pro_light
.8dee00a8.eot);src:url(https://s-
.8dee00a8.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
.f374d082.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://s-
.57b9c430.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
.8cb6c5e7.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://s-
.17c38f1f.svg#SourceSansPro) format("svg")}@font-face{font-family:Source Sans
Pro;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/bold/source_sans_pro_bold.9
5e99b9f.eot);src:url(https://s-
5e99b9f.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://s-
5c98ea7.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://s-
3321710.woff) format("woff"),url(https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/bold/source_sans_pro_bold.d
22d7cde.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://s-
5a2891f.svg#SourceSansPro) format("svg")}
</style><script type="text/javascript">
!function(){if('PerformanceLongTaskTiming' in window){var
g=window.__tti={e:[]};g.o=new PerformanceObserver(function(l)
{g.e=g.e.concat(l.getEntries())});g.o.observe({entryTypes:['longtask']})}}();
</script>
<script>
var c_matches = navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome\/(\d+)/)
var ff_matches = navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox\/(\d+)/)
var polyfill = /Trident|MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent) || (c_matches &&
c_matches[1] < 51) || (ff_matches && ff_matches[1] < 54)
if (polyfill) {
var polyfill_script = document.createElement("script");
polyfill_script.src = "https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/polyfill.ea6bd1089359aa46aa57.js";
document.write(polyfill_script.outerHTML);
}
</script>
<title>Calculating Frequency & Severity Rates: A. Lost-Time Injury
Frequency Rate | Business</title><meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"
content="IE=edge"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Scribd"><meta
property="og:title" content="Calculating Frequency & Severity Rates: A. Lost-
Time Injury Frequency Rate | Business"><meta property="fb:app_id"
content="136494494209"><meta name="logged_in_status" content="logged_in"><meta
name="yandex-verification" content="0ed66f497fbf9765"><meta name="naver-site-
verification" content="8a1986b0a4079515076ba34125d27de19b41887c"><meta
name="google-site-verification" content="GynhMUSITpW_pWiKif7wsGGlMOFA2TYQKkvOAqu-
qiM"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-
scale=1.0"><meta name="description" content="Calculating Frequency.docx - Free
download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read
online for free. "><link rel="image_src" href="https://imgv2-1-
f.scribdassets.com/img/document/400421651/original/e205bc723f/1596772135?v=1"><meta
property="og:type" content="scribd-com:document"><meta property="og:url"
content="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-
docx"><meta property="og:title" content="Calculating Frequency.docx"><meta
property="og:description" content="Scribd is the world's largest social reading and
publishing site."><meta property="og:image" content="https://imgv2-1-
name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta name="twitter:url"
content="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-
docx"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Calculating Frequency.docx"><meta
name="twitter:description" content="Scribd is the world's largest social reading
and publishing site."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://imgv2-1-
name="twitter:site" content="@Scribd"><meta name="twitter:site:id"
content="14167997"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default"
href="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="en"
href="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="es"
href="https://es.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="pt"
href="https://pt.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="fr"
href="https://fr.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="id"
href="https://id.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="de"
href="https://de.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="it"
href="https://it.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="ru"
href="https://ru.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="alternate" hreflang="ro"
href="https://ro.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><link
rel="icon" href="https://www.scribd.com/favicon.ico?v=4" type="image/x-icon"><link
rel="search" href="https://www.scribd.com/opensearch.xml"
type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Scribd"><script
type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWork","
additionalType":"Product","name":"Calculating Frequency.docx","image":
["https://imgv2-1-
f.scribdassets.com/img/document/400421651/149x198/ef6d28301c/1551068602?
v=1","https://imgv2-2-
f.scribdassets.com/img/document/400421651/298x396/5e18c2577e/1551068602?
v=1"],"isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":
{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".blurred_pag
e"}}</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/app.f02e87898a81455649fc.css"
type="text/css"><link rel="preload" href="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/vendors_app.8aed30158ca26deeed4e.js"
as="script"><link rel="preload" href="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/app.c7b5641cf740e6133588.js" as="script"><link
rel="canonical" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-
Frequency-docx"><script type="application/javascript">
window._translations = {"en-US":{"translation":{"account_settings":{"show":
{"restart_membership":"Restart membership"}},"app":{"helpers":
{"category_icons_helper":
{"audiobooks":"Audiobooks","books":"Books","documents":"Documents","magazines":"Mag
azines","news":"News","sheet_music":"Sheet
Music","snapshots":"Snapshots"}},"components":{"BundlesPage":{"StaticStars":
{"StaticStars":{"rating_out_of_5_stars":""}}}}},"chrome":{"flash":
{"close_notification":"Close
notification","error":"Error","notice":"Notice","success":"Success"},"footer":
{"about":"About","about_scribd":"About
Scribd","accessibility":"Accessibility","back_to_top":"Back To
Top","contact_us":"Contact Us","copyright":"Copyright","footer_menu":"Footer
Menu","gifts":"Gifts","help_faq":"Help / FAQ","invite_friends":"Invite
Friends","join_our_team":"Join our team!","join_today":"Join
today","legal":"Legal","our_blog":"Our
blog","press":"Press","privacy":"Privacy","publishers":"Publishers","purchase_help"
:"Purchase help","scribd_-_download_on_the_app":"Scribd - Download on the App
Store","scribd_-_get_it_on_google":"Scribd - Get it on Google
Play","social_media":"Social
Media","support":"Support","terms":"Terms"},"footer_links":{"browse_books":"Browse
Books","copyright_copy_time_now_year_scribd_inc_html":"Copyright \u0026copy;
{{time_now_year}} Scribd Inc.","site_directory":"Site
Directory","site_language":"Site Language:"},"renewal_nag":
{"click_here_to_become_a_member":"Click here to become a
member","click_here_to_renew_it":"Click here to renew
it","click_here_to_resume_it":"Click here to resume
it","click_here_to_update_it":"Click here to update it","resume_membership":"Resume
membership","update_now":"Update Now","update_payment":"Update
Payment","you_canceled_your_free_trial":"You canceled your free
trial.","your_account_is_at_risk":"Your account is at risk. Update your payment
information immediately to avoid losing access to your
subscription.","your_credit_card_information_is_invalid_":"Your credit card
information is invalid.","your_membership_is_on_hold":"Your membership is on hold
because of a problem with your last
payment.","your_membership_is_paused_until_paused_until_date":"Your membership is
paused until {{paused_until_date}}.","your_payment_is_overdue":"Your payment is
overdue. Fix your billing information to ensure continuous
service.","your_paypal_information_is_invalid":"Your Paypal information is
invalid.","your_scribd_gift_membership_has_ended":"Your Scribd gift membership has
ended.","your_scribd_membership_has_expired":"Your Scribd membership has
expired.","your_scribd_membership_was_canceled":"Your Scribd membership was
canceled."},"social_buttons":{"scribd_blog":"Scribd
Blog","scribd_on_facebook":"Scribd on Facebook","scribd_on_pinterest":"Scribd on
Pinterest","scribd_on_twitter":"Scribd on Twitter"},"user_menu":
{"document_stats":"Document Stats","join":"Join","sign_in":"Sign
In","upload":"Upload"}},"doc_page":{"account_creation":
{"to_continue_reading_please_sign_in":"To continue reading, please sign
in","trial_duration":{"access_document_free_days":"Access this document and
millions more. Free for {{trialDuration}} days. Cancel
anytime."}},"app_promo_interstitial":{"continue_for_free":"Continue For
Free","trial_duration":{"unlock_full_access_to_the":"Unlock full access to the
world’s largest digital library with a {{trialDuration}} day free
trial."},"upload_your_documents_or_subscribe":"Upload your documents or become a
Scribd member to unlock full access."},"between_page_interstitial":
{"title_copy_subscribe_only_trial_duration":"Unlock full access (pages
{{startPage}}-{{endPage}}) with a {{trialDuration}} Day Free
Trial","unlock_full_access":{"page_number_trial_duration":"Unlock full access (page
{{props_currentrange}}) by uploading documents or with a {{trialDuration}} Day Free
Trial"},"upload_or_subscribe_pages":"Upload your documents or become a Scribd
member to unlock full access (pages {{startPage}}-
{{endPage}})."},"between_page_upsell":{"trial_duration":
{"try_scribd_strong_free_for":"Try Scribd \u003cstrong\u003eFREE\u003c/strong\u003e
for {{trialDuration}} days to access over 125 million titles without ads or
interruptions!"}},"between_pages":{"referral_banner":
{"get_30_free_days_when_you_invite_friends":"Get 30 days of free Scribd membership
when you invite your friends.","invite_friends":"Invite
Friends","invite_friends_to_join_scribd":"Invite friends to join
Scribd","know_someone_else_who_could_use_doc_gift_60_free_days":"Know someone else
who could use this document? Gift them 60 days of free Scribd
membership.","read_free_30_days":"Read free for 30
days.","share_knowledge_with_friends":"Share knowledge with
friends."}},"blur_promo":{"become_member_for_full_access":"Become a Scribd member
for full access.","trial_duration":{"start_your_trial":"Start Your
{{trialDuration}} Day FREE Trial"}},"day_zero_lightbox":{"browse":"Browse our most
popular topics:","did_you_know":"Did you know that you can read full-length books
on Scribd?","included_in_subscription":"Included in your subscription at no
additional cost!"},"exit_modal":{"related_searches":"Related
searches"},"fixed_viewport_bottom_components":{"check_out_these_free_titles":"Check
out these free titles"},"flag_document":{"flag_for_inappropriate_content":"Flag for
Inappropriate Content"},"flash":{"rating_not_saved_try_again":"Rating not saved,
please try again"},"incentivized_upload":
{"to_access_this_document_trial_duration":"To access this document, upload one of
yours, or subscribe with a {{trialDuration}} day free trial. Cancel
anytime.","to_access_this_document_trial_duration_plural":"To access this document,
upload {{count}} of yours, or subscribe with a {{trialDuration}} day free trial.
Cancel anytime."},"modals":{"go_to_survey":{"start_survey":"Start Survey"}},"page":
{"preferred_language_set_to_url_params_language_settings_changed":"Preferred
language set to {{url_params_language_settings_changed}}"},"percent_ratings":
{"percent_found_document_not_useful":"{{percentage}}% found this document not
useful","percent_found_document_useful":"{{percentage}}% found this document
useful"},"rating":{"upvotes_count":"{{count, locale}}
upvote","upvotes_count_plural":"{{count, locale}} upvotes"},"ratings":
{"downvotes_count":"{{count, locale}} downvote","downvotes_count_plural":"{{count,
locale}} downvotes","mark_as_not_useful":"Mark this document as not
useful","mark_as_useful":"Mark this document as useful","no_ratings":"0
ratings","num_votes":"({{count, locale}} vote)","num_votes_plural":"({{count,
locale}} votes)","press_again_undo":"Press again to
undo.","you_marked_as_useful":"You marked this document as
useful","you_marked_not_useful":"You marked this document as not useful"},"shared":
{"components":{"modals":{"download":{"download_as":"Download
as:"}}}},"sharing_buttons":{"link_copied_private_document":"Link Copied! \u003cspan
class=\"link_copied_private_doc\"\u003eNote: Sharing a public link to a document
marked private will allow others to view
it.\u003c/span\u003e","not_supported_for_private_documents":"This feature is not
supported for private documents. If you want to share, select Copy Link, and send
the link to others."},"star_ratings":
{"rate":"Rate","rated":"Rated"},"truncate_promo":{"trial_duration":
{"scribd_members_can_read":"Scribd members can read and download full documents.
Your first {{trialDuration}} days are free!"}},"upload_banner":{"copy":"Get this
download for free with an upload. Learn more below.","copy_plural":"Get this
download for free with {{count}} uploads. Learn more below."}},"get_app_modal":
{"link_sent_email":"Link sent! Please check your email."},"helpers":
{"document_meta_tags":{"scribd_is_the_world_s_largest_social":"Scribd is the
world's largest social reading and publishing site."}},"lib":{"lightbox":
{"close_dialog":"Close Dialog"}},"pdfs":{"doc_search":{"close_search":"close
search","page":"page"},"lightboxes":{"download_lightbox":
{"download_document":"Download document","resume_membership":"Resume
Membership","resuming":"Resuming","your_membership_is_currently_paused_until":"Your
membership is currently paused until {{state_nag_next_payment_due}}. Would you like
to resume your membership now to download"},"embed_lightbox":
{"autosize":"Autosize","beginning_of_document":"Beginning of
document","copy_link":"Copy Link","current_page":"Current
page","custom":"Custom","customization_options_available_below":"Customization
options available below","embed":"Embed","embed_this_in_your_website":"Embed this
in your
website","format":"Format","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","generate_a_link":"Generate a
Link","height":"Height: ","html":"HTML","include_link":"Include
link","link_options":"Link Options","link_to_the":"Link to
the","options":"Options","preview":"Preview","scroll":"Scroll","size":"Size","slide
show":"Slideshow","start_at_page":"Start at
page:","style":"Style:","sup_sup_the_code_will_be_updated":"\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/
sup\u003e The code will be updated based on your changes.","width":"Width:
","wordpress":"Wordpress"},"flag_doc_lightbox":
{"cancel":"Cancel","if_you_are_the_copyright_owner_html":"If you are the copyright
owner of this document and want to report it, please visit the \u003ca
href='{{faq_urls_copyright_infringement}}'\u003ecopyright infringement
notice\u003c/a\u003e page to submit a
report.","please_tell_us_reason_s_for_reporting":"Please tell us reason(s) for
reporting this document","submit":"Submit"},"print_lightbox":
{"cancel":"Cancel","download_and_print":"Download and
print","in_order_to_print_this_document_":"In order to print this document from
Scribd, you'll first need to download it.","print_document":"Print
document"}},"redesign_elements":{"actions":
{"embed":"Embed","print":"Print","share":"Share"},"metadata_section":
{"full_description":"Full description","related_titles":"Related
titles"},"more_info_module":{"document_information":"Document
Information"},"save_button":{"save":"save","saved":"saved"}},"show":
{"related_interests":"Related Interests","sign_in_to_flag_this_title":"Sign in to
flag this title","you_re_reading_a_preview":"You're Reading a Preview"},"sidebar":
{"available_formats":"Available
Formats","click_to_collapse_document_information":"click to collapse document
information","click_to_expand_document_information":"click to expand document
information","copyright":"Copyright:","copyright_no_colon":"Copyright","description
":"Description:","description_no_colon":"Description","document_useful_message":"Di
d you find this document useful?","download_or_read_formats":"{{extensions}} or
read online from Scribd","is_this_inappropriate_content":"Is this content
inappropriate?","isbn":"ISBN:","isbn_no_colon":"ISBN","number_of_pages":"{{pages}}
pages","report_this_document":"Report this
Document","share_or_embed_document":"Share or Embed
Document","strong_download_strong_as_available_extensions_map_upcase_join_or_read_o
nline":"\u003cstrong\u003eDownload\u003c/strong\u003e as
{{available_extensions_map_upcase_join}} or read online from
Scribd","uploaded_by":"Uploaded by","view_more":"View More","written_by":"Written
by"},"toolbar":{"exit_fullscreen":"Exit
fullscreen","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","of_numberformat_props_document_total_pages":
"of {{numberformat_props_document_total_pages}}","search_document":"Search
document","showing_strong_1_strong_result_for_query":"Showing
\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e result
for","showing_strong_num_results_strong_results_for_query":"Showing
\u003cstrong\u003e{{num_results}}\u003c/strong\u003e results
for","you_are_on_page_props_current_page":"You are on page
{{props_current_page}}","zoom_in":"Zoom in","zoom_out":"Zoom out"},"upvote":
{"not_useful":"Not useful","sign_up_to_vote_on_this":"Sign up to vote on this
title","this_document_is":"This document is...","useful":"Useful"}},"plans_page":
{"competitor_matrix":{"audiobooks_from_major_publishers":"Audiobooks from major
publishers","books":"Books","magazines_and_news":"Magazines \u0026
news","price_per_month":"Price per month","sheet_music":"Sheet
music","unlimited_access":"Unlimited access"}},"receipt":{"download":
{"choose_document_format_type":"Choose document format
type:","document":"Document","download_iframe":"Download
iframe","downloading":"Downloading","retry_download":"Retry
download","view_in_saved_list":"View in your Saved list"}},"search":{"input":
{"show":{"no_search_results":"No search
results.","props_items_length_result_s_are_available_use_up":"{{props_items_length}
} result(s) are available, use up and down arrow keys to
navigate.","search":"Search"}}},"shared":{"account_creation":
{"already_have_an_account":"Already have an account?","back_to_sign_in":"Back to
Sign In","creating_your_account":"Creating your account...","disclaimer":"By
signing up with Scribd, you agree to our \u003ca href=\"{{terms_href}}\"
target=\"_blank\" tabIndex=\"0\"\u003eTerms of Service
{{opens_in_new_window}}\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"{{privacy_href}}\"
target=\"_blank\" tabIndex=\"0\"\u003ePrivacy Policy
{{opens_in_new_window}}\u003c/a\u003e","errors":
{"connection_successful_no_email":"We've successfully connected your
{{account_type}} account but didn't get your email. Please provide your email so we
can finish setting up your account.","email_registered":"This email address is
already registered with Scribd. Please enter your password to sign
in.","email_taken":"That email is taken by another user, please try
again.","invalid_character_in_name_please_remove":"Invalid character in name.
Please remove any special characters","please_enter_a_name":"Please enter a
name","please_enter_a_password_that_is":"Please enter a password that is at least 6
characters","please_enter_a_valid_email":"Please enter a valid
email","that_doesn_t_appear_to_be_a":"That doesn't appear to be a valid email
address. Please try again."},"facebook":{"error":"Sorry, we are unable to log you
in via Facebook at this time.","sign_in":"Continue with Facebook","sign_up":"Sign
Up with Facebook"},"forgot":{"enter_email":"Enter your email address and we'll send
you an email with a link to reset your password.","weve_sent_email_html":"We've
sent an email to \u003cstrong\u003e{{escape_validated_email}}\u003c/strong\u003e
with instructions to reset your password. If it doesn't show up soon, check your
spam folder and then read this \u003ca
href=\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210134406-What-do-I-do-if-I-ve-lost-
or-forgotten-my-password-\"\u003eHelp Center
article\u003c/a\u003e."},"forgot_password":"Forgot password?","google":
{"error":"Google sign in failed","sign_in":"Continue with Google","sign_up":"Sign
Up with Google"},"logging_you_in":"Logging you in...","not_you":"Not
you?","now_bringing_you_back":"Now bringing you back...","one_more_thing":"One more
thing...","people_browsing_scribd_html":"\u003cspan\u003e{{count, locale}}
person\u003c/span\u003e browsing Scribd right
now","people_browsing_scribd_html_plural":"\u003cspan\u003e{{count, locale}}
people\u003c/span\u003e browsing Scribd right now","recaptcha_disclaimer":"This
site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google \u003ca href=\"{{privacy_href}}\"
target=\"_blank\"\u003ePrivacy Policy {{opens_in_new_window}}\u003c/a\u003e and
\u003ca href=\"{{policy_href}}\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTerms of Service
{{opens_in_new_window}}\u003c/a\u003e apply.","remember_me":"Remember
me","reset_password":"Reset Password","send_me_updates_from_scribd":"Send me
updates from Scribd","sign_in":"Sign In","sign_in_successful":"Sign In
Successful","sign_in_to_scribd":"Sign In to Scribd","sign_in_with_email":"Sign In
with Email","sign_up":"Sign Up","sign_up_or_sign_in":"Sign Up or Sign
In","sign_up_successful":"Sign Up Successful","sign_up_with_email":"Sign Up with
Email","use_another_email_address":"Use another email address"},"carousels":
{"carousel_next":"Carousel Next","carousel_previous":"Carousel
Previous","skip_carousel":"Skip carousel"},"common":
{"back":"Back","close_dialog":"Close Dialog","email_address":"Email
Address","errors":{"could_not_complete_request":"We couldn't complete your
request","please_try_again_later":"Please try again later."},"forms":
{"at_least_6_characters":"(at least 6
characters)","email":"Email","error":"Error","invalid":"Invalid","name":"Name","pas
sword":"Password","please_enter_an_email":"Please enter an
email","required":"(required)"},"hide":"Hide","new_to_scribd":"New to
Scribd?","opens_in_a_new_window":"opens in a new
window","or":"or","send_email":"Send
Email","show":"Show","success_exclamation":"Success!","welcome_back":"Welcome
back","welcome_back_exclamation":"Welcome
back!","worlds_largest_digital_library":"The World’s Largest Digital
Library"},"competitor_matrix":
{"no":"No","scribd_vs_other_subscriptions_html":"\u003cstrong\u003eScribd\u003c/str
ong\u003e vs. other subscriptions","subscription_fee_per_month":"Subscription fee
per month","unlimited_audiobooks_from_major_publishers":"Unlimited audiobooks from
major publishers","unlimited_books":"Unlimited
books","unlimited_magazines_and_news":"Unlimited magazines \u0026
news","yes":"Yes"},"doc_download_modal":{"check_out_these":"Check out these other
great titles","download_as":"Download as:","download_document":"Download
document","download_started":"Your download has started"},"doc_preview":
{"views":"{{formatted_views}} views"},"get_app_modal":{"enter_your_email":"Enter
your email","enter_your_phone_or_email":"Enter your phone or
email","get_the_app_to_read_and_listen":"Get the app to read and listen anytime,
anywhere.","link_sent_please_check_your_mobile":"Link sent! Please check your
mobile device","listen_offline_with_app":"Listen offline with the
app","phone_or_email":"Phone or email","read_offline_with_app":"Read offline with
the app","send":"Send"},"join":{"become_a_member":"Become a member"},"login":
{"join_lightbox":{"email":"Email","we_couldn_t_complete_your_request":"We couldn't
complete your request"}},"mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs":{"active":",
active","audiobooks":"Audiobooks","books":"Books","documents":"Documents","home":"H
ome","quick_navigation":"Quick navigation"},"navigation":{"enterprise_page":"Scribd
for Enterprise","header":{"header":{"upload":"Upload","upload_a_document":"Upload a
document"}},"sidebar":{"bestsellers":"Bestsellers","hi_this_props_username":"Hi
{{this_props_username}}!","home":"Home","saved":"Saved","selected":",
selected","sign_in":"Sign In","upload":"Upload","your_profile":"Your
profile"},"social_proof":{"cancel_anytime":"Cancel
anytime.","discover_everything":"Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including
books and audiobooks from major publishers.","much_more_than_documents":"Much more
than documents.","start_free_trial":"Start Free Trial"}},"promos":{"get_app_modal":
{"module":{"an_error_occurred_please_try_again":"An error occurred please try
again","an_error_occurred_please_try_an":"An error occurred please try an
email","please_enter_a_valid_email":"Please enter a valid
email","please_enter_a_valid_phone_number":"Please enter a valid phone number or
email","please_enter_a_valid_phone_number_":"Please enter a valid phone
number"}},"bundle_promo":{"module":{"no_thanks":""}}},"react":{"forms":
{"text_area":{"invalid":"Invalid,"},"text_input":
{"error":"Error","required":"(required)"},"textarea":{"optional":""}},"modals":
{"delete_item_in_list":
{"cancel":"Cancel","delete":"Delete","do_not_ask_me_again":"Do not ask me
again","removing_from_saved_will_also_delete":"Removing from Saved will also delete
the title from your lists.","this_title_is_also_in_a":"This title is also in a
list."}},"save_button":{"failed_to_remove_title":"Failed to remove
title","failed_to_save_title":"Failed to save
title","remove_short_title_from_saved":"Remove {{short_title}} from
Saved","save_short_title_for_later":"Save {{short_title}} For
Later","sign_up_to_save":"Sign
up to save this title"},"sharing_buttons":
{"check_out_props_share_title_on_scribd":"Check out {{props_share_title}} on
Scribd","i_m_reading_props_document_collection_name_on_scribd_props_document_collec
tion_url":"I’m reading {{props_document_collection_name}} on Scribd:
{{props_document_collection_url}}","read_props_document_collection_name_on_scribd":
"Read {{props_document_collection_name}} on Scribd","share_on_facebook":"Share on
Facebook","share_on_facebook_opens_a_new":"Share on Facebook, opens a new
window","share_on_linkedin":"Share on
LinkedIn","share_on_linkedin_opens_a_new":"Share on LinkedIn, opens a new
window","share_on_pinterest":"Share on
Pinterest","share_on_pinterest_opens_a_new":"Share on Pinterest, opens a new
window","share_on_twitter":"Share on Twitter","share_on_twitter_opens_a_new":"Share
on Twitter, opens a new window","share_with_email":"Share with
Email","share_with_email_opens_mail_client":"Share with Email, opens mail
client","sharing_options":"Sharing Options"},"star_ratings":
{"sign_up_to_rate_this_title":"Sign up to rate this title"}},"reading_progress":
{"base":{"we_ve_moved_you_to_where_you":"We've moved you to where you read on your
{{progress_device_name}}"}},"sharing_buttons":
{"hi_there_document_action_and_thought_you":"Hi there, {{document_action}} and
thought you might like it. {{document_title}} by
{{document_author_or_publisher_name_or_login}} {{doc_url}} Scribd gives you monthly
access to books, audiobooks, and more - for less than the cost of a paperback. Join
today and {{trial_cta_downcase}}. Find out more at:
http://www.scribd.com/","i_m_reading_document_title_on_suffix":"I’m reading
{{document_title}} on {{suffix}}"},"star_ratings":{"clear_rating":"Clear
Rating","how_would_you_rate_this_document":"How would you rate this
document?","i_didnt_like_it_at_all":"I didn't like it at
all","i_didnt_like_it_that_much":"I didn't like it that much","i_liked_it":"I liked
it","i_loved_it":"I loved it","i_thought_it_was_ok":"I thought it was
OK","rate_as_rating_out_of_5":"Rate as {{value}} out of
5","rating_rating_to_display_out_of_5_stars":"Rating: {{ratingToDisplay}} out of 5
stars","saved":"Saved!","selected":"(selected)","sign_up_to_rate_this_title":"Sign
up to rate this title","user_rating_star_rating_saved":"{{userRating}} star rating
saved"},"text_links":{"all_categories":"All
categories","view_all_categories_in_category":"View all categories in
{{category}}","view_fewer":"View fewer"},"trial_duration":{"first_days_free":"Your
first {{trialDuration}} days are free.","read_free_days":"Read free for
{{trialDuration}} days","upload_for_free_days":"Unlock full access (pages
{{startPage}}-{{endPage}}) by uploading documents or with a {{trialDuration}} day
free trial"},"user_menu":{"menu":{"account_settings":"Account
Settings","close_user_settings_menu":"Close user settings
menu","document_uploads":"Document
Uploads","help":"Help","hi_this_props_user_name":"Hi
{{this_props_user_name}}","invite_friends":"Invite
Friends","options":"Options","public_profile":"Public
Profile","read_for_free":"Read for Free","sign_out":"Sign
Out","upload_a_document":"Upload a Document"}}},"subscribe_banner":
{"books_audiobooks_and_more":"Books, audiobooks, and more.","completely_ad-
free":"Completely ad-free.","exclusive_offer":"Exclusive
offer","read_offline":"Read offline.","save_your_favorites":"Save your
favorites.","try_scribd_for_free":"Try Scribd for
Free","unlimited_reading":"Unlimited* reading."},"webpack":{"doc_page":{"src":
{"App":{"Page":{"BetweenPageInterstitial":{"BetweenPageInterstitial":
{"continue_for_free":"Continue for Free","you_re_reading_a_preview":"You're reading
a preview"}},"BetweenPageUpsell":{"BetweenPageUpsell":{"cancel_anytime":"Cancel
Anytime.","start_free_trial":"Start Free Trial"}},"BetweenPageUserRating":
{"BetweenPageUserRating":{"dismiss_user_rating_prompt":"Dismiss user rating
prompt","improve_your_experience":"Improve Your
Experience","rating_will_help_us_to_suggest":"Rating will help us to suggest even
better related documents to all of our readers!"}},"BlurPromo":{"BlurPromo":
{"become_a_scribd_member_to_read":"Become a Scribd member to read and download full
documents.","cancel_anytime":"Cancel anytime","continue_for_free":"Continue for
Free","continue_reading_with_trial":"Continue Reading with
Trial","or":"Or","update_payment":"Update
Payment","update_payment_for_full_access":"Update payment for full
access.","upload_to_download":"Upload to
Download","upload_your_documents_to_download":"Upload your documents to
download."}},"Body":{"Body":{"share_this_document":"Share this
document"},"Document":{"mappings":{"thank_you_for_your_rating":"Thank you for your
rating!"}},"FixedViewportBottomComponents":{"CollapseButton":{"CollapseButton":
{"click_to_collapse_related_titles":"Click to collapse Related
Titles","click_to_expand_related_titles":"Click to expand Related
Titles"}},"ViewInStorePromo":{"ViewInStorePromo":{"get_our_free_app":"Get our free
app","get_scribd_for_your_mobile_device":"Get Scribd for your mobile
device."}}},"Metadata":{"Extra":{"Extra":{"original_title":"Original
Title:","original_title_no_colon":"Original Title"}}},"ShareRow":{"SharingButtons":
{"mappings":{"link_copied":"Link copied!"}}},"SharingButtonsList":
{"SharingButtonsList":{"copy_link":"Copy Link","share_on_facebook":"Share on
Facebook","share_on_linkedin":"Share on LinkedIn","share_on_pinterest":"Share On
Pinterest","share_on_twitter":"Share on Twitter","share_via_email":"Share via
Email"}},"StaticPromoStudy":{"StaticPromoStudy":
{"anytime_anywhere_any_device":"Anytime. Anywhere. Any
device.","cancel_anytime":"Cancel
Anytime","everything_you_want_to_read":"Everything you want to
read.","no_commitment_cancel_anytime":"No Commitment. Cancel
anytime.","read_for_free":"Read For Free","reward_your_curiosity":"Reward Your
Curiosity"}},"Toolbar":{"Toolbar":{"jump_to_page":"Jump to Page"}},"TruncatePromo":
{"TruncatePromo":{"continue_reading_with_trial":"Continue Reading with
Trial"},"helpers":{"constants":{"unlock_the_full_document_with_a":"Unlock the full
document with a free trial!"}}}},"annotations":{"AnnotationPopover":
{"AnnotationPopover":{"add_note":"Add
Note","annotation_text_page_annotation_page_nread_more":"\"{{annotation_text}}…\"
(page {{annotation_page}})\\nRead
more:","delete":"Delete","highlight":"Highlight","share_quote":"Share
Quote"}},"NoteEditor":{"NoteEditor":{"add_note":"Add
Note","cancel":"Cancel","delete_note":"Delete
note","note":"Note","note_note_group_notes_indexof_active_note_id_1_of_note_group_n
otes_length":"Note {{note_group_notes_indexof_active_note_id_1}} of
{{note_group_notes_length}}","save":"Save","write_a_note":"Write a
note…"}}},"explain_scribd_test_copy":{"trusted_by_over_1_million_members":"Trusted
by over 1 million members"},"modals":{"AppPromoInterstitial":
{"AppPromoInterstitial":{"continue_reading_with_free_trial":"Continue Reading with
Free Trial","get_instant_access_to_this_document":"Get instant access to this
document","opens_scribd_app":", opens Scribd
app","or":"OR","read_free_in_the_app":"Read Free in the
App","sign_up_to_download":", sign up to download"}},"Description":{"Description":
{"document_information":"Document Information"}},"LanguagePicker":
{"LanguagePicker":{"cancel":"Cancel","language_options":"Language
Options","save":"Save","select_your_preferred_language":"Select your preferred
language","we_ll_translate_site_navigation_and_tailor":"We’ll translate site
navigation and tailor your personal recommendations where possible to match your
preferred language selection.","we_ll_translate_site_navigation_to_match":"We’ll
translate site navigation to match your preferred language
selection."}},"LockShockRoadblockModal":{"LockShockRoadblockModal":
{"later":"Later","problem_with_your_last_payment":"Problem with your last
payment","update_payment":"Update
Payment","your_membership_is_on_hold_please":"Your membership is on hold because of
a problem with your last payment."}},"SeoLightbox":{"SeoLightbox":
{"cancel_anytime":"Cancel anytime."}},"ShareQuote":{"ShareQuote":
{"loved_this_quote_i_read_on":"Loved this quote I read on
@Scribd","page_page":"(page {{page}})","share_quote":"Share Quote"}}}}},"body":
{"sidebar":{"date_uploaded":"Date uploaded","on_created_at":"on
{{created_at}}"},"toolbar":{"search_inside_document":"Search inside
document"}},"modals":{"flag_document":{"hateful_or_offensive":"Hateful or
offensive","please_select_an_option":"Please select an
option","porn_adult_content":"Porn adult content","spam_or_junk":"Spam or
junk"}},"shared":{"actions":{"modals":
{"redirecting":"Redirecting...","unable_to_unpause_account_please_try":"Unable to
unpause account. Please try again"}},"base_page":
{"an_error_occurred_please_try_again":"An error occurred please try
again"},"carousels":{"recommender_carousel":{"skip_carousel":"Skip
carousel"}},"components":{"ButtonMenu":{"ButtonMenu":{"close_menu":"Close
Menu"}},"DownloadButton":{"helpers":{"getGeoLabel":
{"download":"Download","download_now":"Download Now"}}},"MessagePromos":
{"MessagePromo":{"MessagePromo":{"dismiss_message":"Dismiss
Message"}},"SignUpMessagePromo":{"SignUpMessagePromo":
{"find_your_next_great_read":"Find your next great
read","read_personalized_recommendations_of_books_audiobooks":"Read personalized
recommendations of books, audiobooks and more on Home — at no additional
cost.","tap_on_the_logo_to_explore":"Tap on the logo to explore the best books,
audiobooks, and more — included in your membership at no additional
cost."}}},"SearchInput":{"SearchInput":{"close_suggestions":"Close
suggestions"}},"UserMenuButton":{"Menu":{"Menu":{"scribd_perks":"Scribd
Perks"}}},"flashes":{"Flash":{"Flash":{"information":"information"}}},"modals":
{"Download":{"Download":{"also_added_to_your_saved_list":"Also added to your Saved
list","also_adds_to_your_saved_list":"Also adds to your Saved list"},"Receipt":
{"InfiniteScrollingBestsellers":{"InfiniteScrollingBestsellers":
{"at_no_additional_cost":"At
no additional cost","included_in_your_membership":"Included in your
membership!","load_more":"Load More"},"SaveOnlyCell":{"SaveOnlyCell":
{"your_document":"Your document"}}},"Receipt":
{"uploaded_by_this_props_document_author_name":"Uploaded by
{{this_props_document_author_name}}"}}}},"navigation":{"GlobalNav":{"Language":
{"Picker":{"Picker":{"change_language":"Change Language","learn_more":"Learn
More","selected":", selected"}}}},"MembershipInfo":{"MembershipInfo":
{"learn_more_about_scribd_membership":"Learn more about Scribd
Membership"}}}},"download_button":{"button":{"download":"Download"}},"footer":
{"footer":{"quick_links":"Quick links"}},"modals":{"download":{"download":
{"download_format_extension_touppercase_format_filesize":"Download
{{format_extension_touppercase}} ({{format_filesize}})"}}},"nway_test":
{"streamline_account_creation":{"get_instant_access_to_this_document":"Get instant
access to this document and millions more with a free
account.","to_add_a_note_please_sign":"To add a note, please sign
up","to_add_a_note_please_sign_":"To add a note, please sign
in","to_download_please_sign_in":"To download, please sign
in","to_download_please_sign_up":"To download, please sign
up","to_flag_this_document_please_sign":"To flag this document, please sign
up","to_flag_this_document_please_sign_":"To flag this document, please sign
in","to_highlight_this_document_please_sign":"To highlight this document, please
sign up","to_highlight_this_document_please_sign_":"To highlight this document,
please sign in","to_rate_this_document_please_sign":"To rate this document, please
sign up","to_rate_this_document_please_sign_":"To rate this document, please sign
in","to_save_this_document_please_sign":"To save this document, please sign
up","to_save_this_document_please_sign_":"To save this document, please sign
in","to_share_this_quote_please_sign":"To share this quote, please sign
up","to_share_this_quote_please_sign_":"To share this quote, please sign
in"},"view_restricted_cta":{"to_continue_reading_please_sign_up":"To continue
reading, please sign up"}},"search_input":{"input":{"recent_searches":"Recent
searches"}},"store":{"actions":{"modals":
{"subscribe_to_continue_reading":"Subscribe to Continue Reading"}}}}}}}}}};
Scribd.knuckles_enabled = false;
</script>

<script>
(function(h,o,t,j,a,r){
h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)};
h._hjSettings={hjid:1620130,hjsv:6};
a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1;
r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv;
a.appendChild(r);
})(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv=');
</script>
<link rel="alternate" href="android-
app://com.scribd.app.reader0/http/www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-
Frequency-docx?t=Calculating+Frequency.docx"></head><body
class="autogen_class_views_layouts_doc_page autogen_class_views_layouts_web
autogen_class_widgets_page autogen_class_widgets_base locale_en_US responsive
global_side_nav body_container" data-
revision="17f94399f626b80269cf9293670fe99443c8ad75" data-hj-ignore-
attributes><script type="application/javascript">
window.__initialState = {};
</script><script>!function(e){function d(d){for(var
f,a,n=d[0],o=d[1],u=d[2],i=d[3]||[],l=0,p=[];l<n.length;l+
+)a=n[l],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(b,a)&&b[a]&&p.push(b[a]
[0]),b[a]=0;for(f in
o)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(o,f)&&(e[f]=o[f]);for(s&&s(d),r.push.apply(r
,i);p.length;)p.shift()();return t.push.apply(t,u||[]),c()}function c(){for(var
e,d=0;d<t.length;d++){for(var c=t[d],f=!0,a=1;a<c.length;a++){var u=c[a];0!
==b[u]&&(f=!1)}f&&(t.splice(d--,1),e=o(o.s=c[0]))}return
0===t.length&&(r.forEach((function(e){if(void 0===b[e]){b[e]=null;var
d=document.createElement("link");o.nc&&d.setAttribute("nonce",o.nc),d.rel="prefetch
",d.as="script",d.href=n(e),document.head.appendChild(d)}})),r.length=0),e}var
f={},a={1:0},b={1:0},t=[],r=[];function n(e){return o.p+""+({}[e]||e)
+"."+{0:"67e7678c19c944978a7a",2:"4b6e09c9479ca652dd67",3:"ad4b65dcba9aa6dcd9da",4:
"9017d7cefb0d21878756",5:"caf0fde9378de1d0890f",6:"fea8011e52c110932fd7",7:"60c0f15
824ec91821a61",8:"22ccf5d7f8a9b5be270d",9:"3efb2f2051f1f71e7d8f",10:"1e01382d1409a5
20cbd4",11:"a32b584036aa80544471",12:"11cb854596714b7e7735",13:"42b3837218ce0885b10
0",14:"e30829053d2001be4de2",15:"16173eab0eb613ccf6dd",16:"ef37f82308f1aff0dfd5",17
:"378447394fd3728e473c",18:"781793d3d8abfcf00f74",19:"666b7d1cb904587869ec",20:"d81
792197f1526706c38",21:"eaef6d5a2d439b98e42f",22:"0683ccfb21e3ecf86232",23:"ae051ff8
30206cdad154",24:"53467d82ab8c703f3cdb",25:"f6e3410b8a2a63d87f7b",26:"19299be2fd20d
7a43e3c",27:"0d1bdb40b0efd93086f9",28:"57bb93aed9c4a5c95c97",29:"84a0bee9f34f9a6f8b
51",30:"09e0d3fe5233dcd50ef4",31:"7d13962300e365073d82",32:"756b8ff7be191862189f",3
3:"38ca6733d78f6cd561f8",34:"a7d3bec90cbc74d76bad",35:"ae7820814c83a4ac9d38",36:"ab
15f4784b8f26310adf",37:"d9be0bd8c637883c709c",38:"ca263dfcdadf7ae4fcc7",39:"45f8e6a
f6227e04a87f3",40:"c55e9c4a7b68842cbc97",41:"e75e063e518a6c812e9e",42:"4d059d6f26eb
96248fe1",43:"e2cfc932ef7ba56bd433",44:"e70b83b430da5476358b",45:"274170cf155b2c61a
1c7",46:"729b6c5abb524e982cb7",47:"ff34d15e5f291ac5da06",48:"ee9dc7396605aad3337a",
49:"a655406539ace75b123a",50:"188aa6187bb1256f9a5c",51:"6ed33cfb701fccfad75f",52:"2
d14f8cdd71eef630e8f",53:"b438aeb1234c58b18301",54:"17498211921305572fbb",60:"35c784
a0cd4978999afd",61:"1f4e4f06067f35173e2d",62:"8561102e75e15967d24d",63:"75e8cfecd4e
1b9d2285e",64:"a7a2d9f1f083a8b02bd9",65:"c7d9b9195397028d7b4c",66:"6ef7529ab69affc6
21ca",67:"d77cdc8d92d9f6ee242d",68:"b106d619ba4e65007abb",69:"ba64aaad7c036628f13f"
,70:"edc6fccea5f519e0cdae",71:"d4c31396ee7c49078da3",72:"d0809dfbcbb7dd9e46ee",73:"
ae78446be4ed9944eb2e",74:"c3eeac566eb6417b495f",75:"0c13f94bf5fe429acac2",76:"5c660
2fb6bd8f6ad3fee",77:"16b6ebb36b1704522f4e",78:"e3077093f4cbea56c562",79:"282a7365be
a7432466bf",80:"855928810db9c1e78425",81:"bb3efe6db1fefb3946c7"}[e]+".js"}function
o(d){if(f[d])return f[d].exports;var c=f[d]={i:d,l:!1,exports:{}};return
e[d].call(c.exports,c,c.exports,o),c.l=!0,c.exports}o.e=function(e){var d=[];a[e]?
d.push(a[e]):0!
==a[e]&&{0:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1,6:1,7:1,10:1,11:1,12:1,13:1,14:1,15:1,16:1,17:1,18:1,1
9:1,20:1,21:1,22:1,23:1,24:1,25:1,26:1,27:1,28:1,30:1,31:1,38:1,39:1,40:1,41:1,42:1
,43:1,44:1,45:1,60:1,61:1,62:1,63:1,64:1,65:1,66:1,67:1,68:1,69:1,70:1,71:1,72:1,73
:1,74:1,75:1}[e]&&d.push(a[e]=new Promise((function(d,c){for(var f=({}[e]||e)
+"."+{0:"ffd77200c5d77cce4686",2:"c50296146f8e95145606",3:"ebcdfd4a44e8e0d284d8",4:
"11460e87a95f6788bd19",5:"f6be36c87ba7dc1da6ff",6:"1c42fed8d458b2dd83d2",7:"d3f9969
22aa54bee4d59",8:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",9:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",10:"0c7fb97bd40945
cbd483",11:"9575341f314a630cc7bb",12:"d9092c4f1494abd24244",13:"c50296146f8e9514560
6",14:"c50296146f8e95145606",15:"ebcdfd4a44e8e0d284d8",16:"ebcdfd4a44e8e0d284d8",17
:"0c7fb97bd40945cbd483",18:"0c7fb97bd40945cbd483",19:"6573771578bc4a04d568",20:"657
3771578bc4a04d568",21:"f6be36c87ba7dc1da6ff",22:"1c42fed8d458b2dd83d2",23:"f6be36c8
7ba7dc1da6ff",24:"1c42fed8d458b2dd83d2",25:"9324832bf1daaa4c6642",26:"d3f996922aa54
bee4d59",27:"e8a561b664bf60f57f38",28:"0b894284defa3e55edb0",29:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b7
3c",30:"ffd77200c5d77cce4686",31:"d3f996922aa54bee4d59",32:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",3
3:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",34:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",35:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",36:"31
d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",37:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",38:"bb8e16085d71c050120f",39:"1c42fed
8d458b2dd83d2",40:"21599cd9a66a7992e99f",41:"5ee76f8f6a46e3019deb",42:"ffd77200c5d7
7cce4686",43:"d3f996922aa54bee4d59",44:"381cae691ae4eaf20da2",45:"5074f14c6f6fa4ca2
e25",46:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",47:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",48:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",
49:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",50:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",51:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",52:"3
1d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",53:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",54:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",60:"699390
2b645fd103b624",61:"bb4ed6408bdd8005124b",62:"9232488faeb27a4cb8f9",63:"140e159b103
63bc73397",64:"383ac41e9c0d80096513",65:"d9a8142897be0dd51755",66:"fd7cfaecc637805a
9eea",67:"03f41275ba82491d75b3",68:"659dcc26a7ee77e9da04",69:"8b26b698cfe30b8be162"
,70:"7580fe46b9449adce268",71:"4947b01dacb22135df24",72:"25ee2967d4f3d39bac50",73:"
b7f68d15f83e4dd826b9",74:"618f124e83c3706455cf",75:"de6e429d900bcdbc4f39",76:"31d6c
fe0d16ae931b73c",77:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",78:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",79:"31d6cfe0d1
6ae931b73c",80:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c",81:"31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c"}[e]
+".css",b=o.p+f,t=document.getElementsByTagName("link"),r=0;r<t.length;r++){var
n=(i=t[r]).getAttribute("data-href")||
i.getAttribute("href");if("stylesheet"===i.rel&&(n===f||n===b))return d()}var
u=document.getElementsByTagName("style");for(r=0;r<u.length;r++){var
i;if((n=(i=u[r]).getAttribute("data-href"))===f||n===b)return d()}var
l=document.createElement("link");l.rel="stylesheet",l.type="text/css",l.onload=d,l.
onerror=function(d){var f=d&&d.target&&d.target.src||b,t=new Error("Loading CSS
chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+f+")");t.code="CSS_CHUNK_LOAD_FAILED",t.request=f,delete
a[e],l.parentNode.removeChild(l),c(t)},l.href=b,document.getElementsByTagName("head
")[0].appendChild(l)})).then((function(){a[e]=0})));var c=b[e];if(0!
==c)if(c)d.push(c[2]);else{var f=new Promise((function(d,f)
{c=b[e]=[d,f]}));d.push(c[2]=f);var
t,r=document.createElement("script");r.charset="utf-
8",r.timeout=120,o.nc&&r.setAttribute("nonce",o.nc),r.src=n(e);var u=new
Error;t=function(d){r.onerror=r.onload=null,clearTimeout(i);var c=b[e];if(0!==c)
{if(c){var
f=d&&("load"===d.type?"missing":d.type),a=d&&d.target&&d.target.src;u.message="Load
ing chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+f+":
"+a+")",u.name="ChunkLoadError",u.type=f,u.request=a,c[1](u)}b[e]=void 0}};var
i=setTimeout((function()
{t({type:"timeout",target:r})}),12e4);r.onerror=r.onload=t,document.head.appendChil
d(r)}return Promise.all(d)},o.m=e,o.c=f,o.d=function(e,d,c){o.o(e,d)||
Object.defineProperty(e,d,{enumerable:!0,get:c})},o.r=function(e){"undefined"!
=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,
{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!
0})},o.t=function(e,d){if(1&d&&(e=o(e)),8&d)return e;if(4&d&&"object"==typeof
e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var
c=Object.create(null);if(o.r(c),Object.defineProperty(c,"default",{enumerable:!
0,value:e}),2&d&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var f in e)o.d(c,f,function(d){return
e[d]}.bind(null,f));return c},o.n=function(e){var d=e&&e.__esModule?function()
{return e.default}:function(){return e};return o.d(d,"a",d),d},o.o=function(e,d)
{return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,d)},o.p="",o.oe=function(e){throw
console.error(e),e};var u=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||
[],i=u.push.bind(u);u.push=d,u=u.slice();for(var l=0;l<u.length;l++)d(u[l]);var
s=i;c()}([]);
//#
sourceMappingURL=https://www.scribd.com/webpack/doc_page/runtime.23d81204866b4e4e5a
96.js.map
</script><script>(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[55],
{"+lZJ":function(e,t,i){"use strict";void 0===window.DocumentManager&&function()
{window.__app_loaded=!1,window.__pages_to_blur=[];var e,t=3,i=8;window.console||
(window.console={log:function(){}});var n=function(){var
n={_keyStr:"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=",deco
de:function(e){var t,i,o,s,r,a,h="",l=0;for(e=e.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-
9\+\/\=]/g,"");l<e.length;)t=this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(l++))<<2|
(s=this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(l++)))>>4,i=(15&s)<<4|
(r=this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(l++)))>>2,o=(3&r)<<6|
(a=this._keyStr.indexOf(e.charAt(l++))),h+=String.fromCharCode(t),64!
=r&&(h+=String.fromCharCode(i)),64!=a&&(h+=String.fromCharCode(o));return
h=n._utf8_decode(h)},_utf8_decode:function(e){for(var
t="",i=0,n=0,o=0,s=0;i<e.length;)(n=e.charCodeAt(i))<128?
(t+=String.fromCharCode(n),i++):n>191&&n<224?
(o=e.charCodeAt(i+1),t+=String.fromCharCode((31&n)<<6|63&o),i+=2):
(o=e.charCodeAt(i+1),s=e.charCodeAt(i+2),t+=String.fromCharCode((15&n)<<12|
(63&o)<<6|63&s),i+=3);return t}};function o(e){}function s(e,t)
{e.prototype.addEvent=o.prototype.addEvent,e.prototype.removeEvent=o.prototype.remo
veEvent,e.prototype.fireEvent=o.prototype.fireEvent,e.prototype.initEventHelper=o.p
rototype.initEventHelper,e.prototype.possibleEvents=t}o.prototype.initEventHelper=f
unction(){this.eventListenerEnabled=!0,this.eventListeners={};for(var
e=0;e<this.possibleEvents.length;e+
+)this.eventListeners[this.possibleEvents[e]]={}},o.prototype.addEvent=function(e,t
){if(!this.eventListeners[e])throw e+" is not a valid type of
event";this.eventListeners[e].next_uid||
(this.eventListeners[e].next_uid=1),t._event_listener_uid||
(t._event_listener_uid=this.eventListeners[e].next_uid,this.eventListeners[e].next_
uid++),this.eventListeners[e]
[t._event_listener_uid]=t},o.prototype.removeEvent=function(e,t){delete
this.eventListeners[e][t._event_listener_uid]},o.prototype.fireEvent=function(e,t)
{if(this.eventListenerEnabled){var
i=this.eventListeners[e],n=[];if(arguments.length>1){n[arguments.length-
2]=null;for(var o=1;o<arguments.length;o++)n[o-1]=arguments[o]}var s=this;for(var r
in i)"next_uid"!=r&&i.hasOwnProperty(r)&&a(i[r])}function a(e){e.apply(s,n)}};var
r,a=function(){return document.styleSheets[0]&&!
document.styleSheets[0].insertRule},h=function(e,t){if(a()){var
i=e.innerHTML;e.href=t,e.innerHTML!==i&&(e.innerHTML=i)}else
e.href=t},l=(r=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()).search("mobile")>-
1&&r.search("safari")>-1,d=navigator.userAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit/")>-1;function
u(e,t,i,n,o,s)
{this.id=e,this.shortstyle=t,this.family=i,this.fallback=n,this.weight=o,this.style
=s}function c(e,t)
{this.fonts=[],this.hasWoffsCss=t,this.docManager=e,this._cssRuleQueue=[],this._fon
tLoadQueue=[]}function g(e,t){this.pages=[],this.loaded=!
1,this.fonts={},this.numFonts=0,this.fontLoader=t,this.groupNum=e||0}e=a()?
1:2,a()&&(i=5,t=2),u.prototype.getEotFontSrc=function(e){return"src:
url(".concat(e).concat(this.family,".eot);")},u.prototype.getTTFFontSrc=function(e)
{return"src: url(".concat(e).concat(this.family,".ttf)
format('truetype');")},u.prototype.getSVGFontSrc=function(e){return"src:
url(".concat(e,"#").concat(this.family,")
format('svg');")},u.prototype.getFontFamily=function(){return"font-family:
".concat(this.family,";")},u.prototype.getFontWeight=function(){return"font-weight:
".concat(this.weight,";")},u.prototype.getFontStyle=function(){return"font-style:
".concat(this.style,";")},u.prototype.eotCSSRule=function(e){var
t=[this.getEotFontSrc(e),this.getFontFamily(),this.getFontWeight(),this.getFontStyl
e()].join(" ");return"@font-face
{ ".concat(t," }")},u.prototype.ttfCSSRule=function(e){var
t=[this.getTTFFontSrc(e),this.getFontFamily(),this.getFontWeight(),this.getFontStyl
{ ".concat(t," }")},u.prototype.svgCSSRule=function(e){var
t=[this.getSVGFontSrc(e),this.getFontFamily(),this.getFontWeight(),this.getFontStyl
{ ".concat(t," }")},u.prototype.createPreloadElem=function(){return'<span
style="font-family:
'.concat(this.family,'">scribd.</span>')},c.prototype._appendNewStyleBlock=function
(){var e=document.createElement("style");return
document.getElementsByTagName("head")
[0].appendChild(e),e},c.prototype._addCSSRuleToQueue=function(e){var
t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!
==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];this._cssRuleQueue.push(e),t&&this._flushCSSRuleQueue(
)},c.prototype._flushCSSRuleQueue=function(e){if(this._cssRuleQueue.length>0){var
t=e&&document.getElementById(e)||
this._appendNewStyleBlock(),i=this._cssRuleQueue.join("\n");a()?
t.styleSheet.cssText=i:window.createPopup?
t.innerHTML=i:t.appendChild(document.createTextNode(i)),this._cssRuleQueue=[]}},c.p
rototype.getFontAggregatorHostUrl=function(t){var
i=[this.docManager.nextFontAggregatorHost(),this.docManager.assetPrefix,t.join(",")
,12];return 2===e?
i.push("ttfs.css"):3===e&&i.push("fonts.svg"),i.join("/")},c.prototype.getFontAggre
gatorHostForFonts=function(e){for(var t=[],i=0;i<e.length;i+
+)t.push(e[i].shortstyle+e[i].id);return
t.sort(),this.getFontAggregatorHostUrl(t)},c.prototype._addTTFRules=function(e,t)
{for(var i=0;i<e.length;i++){var
n=e[i];this._addCSSRuleToQueue(n.ttfCSSRule(t))}},c.prototype._addSVGRules=function
(e,t){for(var i=0;i<e.length;i++){var
n=e[i];this._addCSSRuleToQueue(n.svgCSSRule(t))}},c.prototype._addEOTRules=function
(e,t){for(var i=0;i<e.length;i++){var
n=e[i];this._addCSSRuleToQueue(n.eotCSSRule(t))}},c.prototype._nextPreloadId=functi
on(){this._preloadId||(this._preloadId=0);var
e="preload_bed".concat(this._preloadId);return
this._preloadId+=1,e},c.prototype._getContentDocument=function(e){var
t=null;try{t=e.contentDocument}catch(e){}return
t},c.prototype._addCSSWebkit=function(e,t){var
i=this,n=document.createElement("iframe"),o=this._nextPreloadId(),s="";n.id=o;for(v
ar r=0;r<e.length;r++){var
a=e[r];s+=a.createPreloadElem()}n.addEventListener("load",(function(){!function()
{var e=document.createElement("div");i._nextPreloadId(),e.innerHTML=s;var
o=document.getElementById("font_preload_bed"),r=window.setInterval((function(){var
s=i._getContentDocument(n);null!==s?
s&&s.styleSheets.length>0&&(window.clearInterval(r),s&&s.body.getBoundingClientRect
(),o.appendChild(e),i.hasWoffsCss||i._addCSSLink(t)):window.clearInterval(r)}),0)}
()}),!1),n.style.display="none",document.body.appendChild(n);var
h=i._getContentDocument(n);if(h){if(h.body.innerHTML=s,!this.hasWoffsCss){var
l=h.createElement("link");l.href=t,l.rel="stylesheet",l.type="text/css",l.media="sc
reen",h.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(l)}}else
i._addCSSLink(t)},c.prototype._addCSSLink=function(e){var
t=document.createElement("link");t.href=e,t.rel="stylesheet",t.type="text/css",docu
ment.getElementsByTagName("head")
[0].appendChild(t)},c.prototype.flushFontQueue=function(){if(0!
==this._fontLoadQueue.length&&"rasterize"!=this.docManager.displayType){var
t=this._fontLoadQueue;if(this._fontLoadQueue=[],!this.hasWoffsCss){var
i=this.getFontAggregatorHostForFonts(t);switch(e){case
1:this._addEOTRules(t,i);break;case 2:d?
this._addCSSWebkit(t,i):this._addCSSLink(i);break;case
3:this._addSVGRules(t,i)}}this._flushCSSRuleQueue()}},c.prototype.addFontToQueue=fu
nction(e){var t=this.fonts[e];t._loadQueued||(t._loadQueued=!
0,this._fontLoadQueue.push(t))},c.prototype.addFont=function(e,t,i,n,o,s){var r=new
u(e,t,i,n,o,s);this.fonts[e]=r},c.prototype._initHidersCSS=function(){for(var
e=[],t=0;t<this.fonts.length;t+
+)e.push(".".concat(this.fonts[t].family));this._addCSSRuleToQueue("".concat(e.join
(", ")," { display: none; }\n"))},c.prototype._hasEmbedDiv=function()
{return"undefined"!=typeof scribd&&void 0!
==scribd.embed_div_id},c.prototype._getEmbedDivSelector=function()
{return"#".concat(scribd.embed_div_id,"
").concat(selector)},c.prototype._initFamilyCSS=function(){for(var
e=0;e<this.fonts.length;e++){var
t=this.fonts[e].family,i=this.fonts[e].fallback,n=this.fonts[e].weight,o=this.fonts
[e].style,s="div.".concat(t,"
span");this._hasEmbedDiv()&&(s=this._getEmbedDivSelector()),a()?
this._addCSSRuleToQueue("".concat(s," {font-family: ").concat(t," !
important;\n}")):this._addCSSRuleToQueue("".concat(s," { font-family:
").concat(t,", ").concat(i,"; font-weight: ").concat(n,"; font-style:
").concat(o,";\n}"))}},c.prototype.initStyles=function(t){"rasterize"!
==this.docManager.displayType&&(this._initFamilyCSS(),2===e&&this._initHidersCSS(),
this._flushCSSRuleQueue("preload_styler"))},c.prototype.setupTestElements=function(
){if(2===e&&!d&&"rasterize"!==this.docManager.displayType){for(var
t="",i=0;i<this.fonts.length;i++){t+=this.fonts[i].createPreloadElem()}var
n=document.getElementById("font_preload_bed");n.innerHTML=t,document.body.appendChi
ld(n),this._addCSSRuleToQueue("#".concat("font_preload_bed"," span {display: block;
visibility: hidden}"),!0)}},g.prototype.addPage=function(e){for(var
t=0;t<e.fonts.length;t++){var i=e.fonts[t];void 0===this.fonts[i]&&(this.fonts[i]=!
0,this.numFonts+=1)}this.pages.push(e)},g.prototype.isFull=function(){var
t=this.pages.length,n=this.groupNum,o=this.numFonts;return 1===e?this.hasLoaded||
o>50||o>=20&&(0===n&&t>=i+3||t>=15):3===e?this.hasLoaded||
o>=5&&t>=i:this.hasLoaded||o>100||o>=20&&(0===n&&t>=i+3||
t>=100)},g.prototype.load=function(e){var t=this;if(!this.hasLoaded)
{this.hasLoaded=!0;var i=function(){for(var e in
t.fonts)t.fonts.hasOwnProperty(e)&&t.fontLoader.addFontToQueue(e);t.fontLoader.flus
hFontQueue()};e?
window.setTimeout(i.bind(this),e):i.call(this)}},g.prototype.newNextGroup=function(
){return new g(this.groupNum+1,this.fontLoader)};var p=void 0!
==document.documentElement.style.WebkitTransform?1:void 0!
==document.documentElement.style.MozTransform?2:void 0!
==document.documentElement.style.OTransform?4:3;function f(e){for(var t in
this._defaultParams)this._defaultParams.hasOwnProperty(t)&&(this[t]=e[t]||
this._defaultParams[t]);var
i=this._getMissingRequiredParams();if(i.length)throw"Missing
required Page param(s): "+i.join(", ");if(!this.contentUrl&&!
this.innerPageElem)throw"Must initialize a page with either a contentUrl or
innerPageElem element";if(!0===this.containerElem.boundToPageObj)throw"Container
Elem is already bound to a page. We shouldn't get
here";this.containerElem.boundToPageObj=!
0,this._targetWidth=null,this._innerPageVisible=!!
this.innerPageElem,this._imagesTurnedOn=!1,this.boundingRect=null,this.isVisible=!
1,this.displayDirty=!0,this.displayOn=null,this.loadHasStarted=!!
this.innerPageElem}function m(){var
e=this;this.initEventHelper(),this.viewRect=null,this.enabled=!
1,this._scrollCallback=function()
{e._eventHandler("scroll")},this._resizeCallback=function(t)
{e._eventHandler("resize")}}f.prototype._getMissingRequiredParams=function()
{for(var e,t=[],i=0;i<this._requiredParams.length;i+
+)this[e=this._requiredParams[i]]||t.push(e);return
t},f.prototype._defaultParams={containerElem:null,innerPageElem:null,contentUrl:nul
l,origWidth:null,origHeight:null,fonts:null,docManager:null,pageNum:null},f.prototy
pe._requiredParams=["origWidth","origHeight","fonts","docManager","containerElem","
pageNum"],f.prototype._updateBoundingRect=function(){var
e,t,i,n;if(this.containerElem.getBoundingClientRect&&this.docManager.viewportManage
r.viewRect){var
o=this.containerElem.getBoundingClientRect(),s=this.docManager.viewportManager.view
Rect;t=o.left+s.left,e=o.top+s.top,s.offsetX&&(t-=s.offsetX),s.offsetY&&(e-
=s.offsetY),i=o.right-o.left,n=o.bottom-
o.top,this.boundingRect={left:t,top:e,bottom:e+n,right:t+i,width:i,height:n}}else
e=this.containerElem.offsetTop,t=this.containerElem.offsetLeft,i=this.containerElem
.offsetWidth,n=this.containerElem.offsetHeight,this.boundingRect={left:t,top:e,bott
om:e+n,right:t+i,width:i,height:n}},f.prototype._setContainerContents=function(e)
{e=e.replace(/<noscript *><img[^<>]*\/><\/noscript *>/g,"");var
t=document.createElement("div");t.innerHTML=e.trim();var
i=t.firstChild;this.containerElem.appendChild(i),this.innerPageElem=i,this.turnOnLi
nks(),this.fixSVGFonts(),this.displayDirty=!0,this.displayOn?
this.display():this.hide()},f.prototype.fixSVGFonts=function(){if(!
this._svgFontsFixed&&this.innerPageElem){if(l){!function e(t)
{if(t.nodeType==document.TEXT_NODE){var i=t.textContent.search(/[ \n][^
\n ]/);i>=0&&e(t.splitText(i+1))}else for(var n=t.childNodes,o=0;o<n.length;o+
+)e(n[o])}(this.innerPageElem),function e(t){for(var
i=t.childNodes,n=0;n<i.length;n++){var
o=i[n];if(o.nodeType==document.ELEMENT_NODE)e(o);else{var
s=i[n+1];s&&"#text"===s.nodeName&&t.insertBefore(document.createElement("span"),s)}
}}(this.innerPageElem)}this._svgFontsFixed=!
0}},f.prototype.imagePageContent=function(e){return'<img
src="'.concat(e,'"></img>')},f.prototype.load=function(){var
e=this;if(this.currentlyLoading=!0,this.loadHasStarted=!
0,this.innerPageElem)throw"We already have loaded this page, but it looks like you
called loadPage again";this.loadFonts();var
t="page".concat(this.pageNum,"_callback");if(window[t])try{delete
window[t]}catch(e){window[t]=void
0}if("rasterize"===this.docManager.displayType)return delete
this.currentlyLoading,void
this._setContainerContents(this.imagePageContent(this.contentUrl));var
i=document.createElement("script");window[t]=function(n)
{document.body.removeChild(i);var o=n[0];delete
e.currentlyLoading,e._setContainerContents(o);var
s=document.getElementById(e.containerElem.id);if(s&&s.classList.contains("blurred_p
age")&&e.docManager.doDynamicBlurring(e.containerElem.id),e.docManager.fireEvent("p
ageLoaded",e.containerElem),s&&e.docManager.lazyImageObserver){for(var
r=s.querySelectorAll(".absimg"),a=0;a<r.length;a+
+)r[a].style.display="block";e.docManager.observeImages(e.containerElem)}try{delete
window[t]}catch(e){window[t]=void
0}},i.src=this.contentUrl,i.type="text/javascript",i.charset="UTF-
8",document.body.appendChild(i)},f.prototype.remove=function()
{this.innerPageElem&&(this.innerPageElem.parentNode.removeChild(this.innerPageElem)
,delete this.innerPageElem,delete this.currentLoading,delete
this.loadHasStarted,this._linksTurnedOn=!1,this._imagesTurnedOn=!
1,this._svgFontsFixed=!1)},f.prototype.display=function(e,t){if((!this.displayOn||
this.displayDirty)&&(this.displayOn=!0,!this.currentlyLoading)){if(!
this.innerPageElem)return this.loadHasStarted?void 0:e?void this.load():void
0;this.displayDirty=!1,t||(this._linksTurnedOn||
this.turnOnLinks(),this._imagesTurnedOn||this.docManager.lazyImageObserver||
this.turnOnImages(),this._svgFontsFixed||
this.fixSVGFonts()),this.loadFonts(),this._innerPageVisible||
(this.containerElem.className=this.containerElem.className.replace(/placeholder|
not_visible/g,""),this._innerPageVisible=!0,t||
(this._fitContentsToWidth(),this.innerPageElem.style.display="block"))}},f.prototyp
e.hide=function(){(this.displayOn||this.displayDirty)&&(this.displayOn=!
1,this.innerPageElem&&(this.displayDirty=!
1,this.containerElem.className=this.containerElem.className+"
not_visible",this._innerPageVisible=!1))},f.prototype.setLoadFontGroup=function(e)
{e.addPage(this),this.loadFontGroup=e},f.prototype.loadFonts=function()
{this.loadFontGroup.load()},f.prototype._setZoomScale=function(e){var
t=this.innerPageElem;switch(p){case
1:t.style.WebkitTransform="scale(".concat(e,")"),t.style.WebkitTransformOrigin="top
left";break;case
2:t.style.MozTransform="scale(".concat(e,")"),t.style.MozTransformOrigin="top
left";break;case
4:t.style.OTransform="scale(".concat(e,")"),t.style.OTransformOrigin="top
left";break;case 3:t.originalZoom||(t.originalZoom="normal"==t.currentStyle.zoom?
1:parseFloat(t.currentStyle.zoom)/100),t.style.zoom=t.originalZoom*e*100+"%";break;
default:throw"Unknown scale method "+p}},f.prototype._fitContentsToWidth=function()
{if(this._targetWidth&&this.innerPageElem&&this._innerPageVisible){var
e=this._targetWidth/this.origWidth;this._setZoomScale(e),this._targetWidth=null}},f
.prototype.setWidth=function(e){var
t=Math.ceil(e/this.origWidth*this.origHeight);this.containerElem.style.width=e+"px"
,this.containerElem.style.height=t+"px",this._targetWidth=e,this._fitContentsToWidt
h()},f.prototype.setBounds=function(e,t){this.origWidth/this.origHeight>e/t?
t=Math.ceil(e/this.origWidth*this.origHeight):e=Math.ceil(t/this.origHeight*this.or
igWidth),this.containerElem.style.width=e+"px",this.containerElem.style.height=t+"p
x",this._targetWidth=e,this._fitContentsToWidth()},f.prototype.turnOnImages=functio
n(){if(!this.innerPageElem)throw"Can't turn on images for a page that's not
loaded";if(this._imagesTurnedOn)throw"Images have already been turned on for this
document";this._imagesTurnedOn=!0;for(var
e=this.innerPageElem.getElementsByTagName("img"),t=0;t<e.length;t+
+)this.docManager.lazyLoad(e[t])},f.prototype.turnOnLinks=function(){if(!
this.innerPageElem)throw"Can't turn on links for a page that's not
loaded";if(this._linksTurnedOn)throw"Links have already been turned on for this
document";this._linksTurnedOn=!0;for(var e=this.docManager,t=function(t){return
function()
{e.gotoPage(t.substring(4))}},i=this.innerPageElem.getElementsByTagName("a"),o=0;o<
i.length;o++){var s=i[o];if(s.className.toLowerCase().search("ll")>-1&&!s.href){var
r=s.getAttribute("orig");if(r){var
a=n.decode(r).replace(/^j[\W]*a[\W]*v[\W]*a[\W]*s[\W]*c[\W]*r[\W]*i[\W]*p[\W]*t[\W]
*:|^f[\W]*i[\W]*l[\W]*e[\W]*:/gi,"");a.search(/^page/)>-1?s.onclick=t(a):
(a.search(/^(http|
ftp)/)<0&&(a="http://"+a),s.target="_blank",h(s,a),s.rel="nofollow")}}}};function
y(){}function _(){this._name="book",this.currentPageId=null;var
e=this;this._fullscreenResizedCallback=function(t)
{e._fullscreenResized(t)}}function v()
{this._name="slideshow",this.currentPageId=null;var
e=this;this._fullscreenResizedCallback=function(t)
{e._fullscreenResized(t)}}function w(){this._name="scroll";var
e=this;this._verticalPositionChangeCallback=function()
{e.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages()},this._fullscreenResizedCallback=function()
{e._fullscreenResized()},this.shouldRestorePosition=!0}function P(e,t,i)
{this.options=i||{},this.options.extrasWidth=this.options.extrasWidth||
315,this.defaultViewMode=e||"scroll",this.mobile=t||!1,this.callbacks_ready=!
1,this.callbacks=[],this.initEventHelper(),this.pages={},this._pageWidths=null,this
._fontLoader=new c(this,this.options.hasWoffsCss),this.viewManagers={scroll:new
w,slideshow:new v,book:new _},this.viewportManager=new
m,this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx=0,this.visiblePages=[],this.firstVisiblePage=n
ull,this.lastVisiblePage=null,this.firstHiddenPageNum=null,this.truncateDocument=wi
ndow.__truncate_document||!1,this.currentFontGroup=new
g(0,this._fontLoader),this.isScrolling=!
1,this._scrollingCount=0,"IntersectionObserver"in
window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in window&&"intersectionRatio"in
window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype&&"isIntersecting"in
window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype&&this.setupLazyImageObserver()}function
b(e,t,i){return Math.min(i,Math.max(t,e))}return s(m,
["vertical","horizontal","either","resize"]),m.prototype._makeViewRect=function()
{var e=this.container,t=document.documentElement,i=e.scrollTop||e.scrollY||
e.pageYOffset||t.scrollTop,n=e.scrollLeft||e.scrollX||e.pageXOffset||
t.scrollLeft,o=e.clientWidth||e.innerWidth||t.clientWidth,s=e.clientHeight||
e.innerHeight||
t.clientHeight,r={top:i,left:n,right:n+o,bottom:i+s,width:o,height:s};if(this.conta
iner!==window){var
a=this.container.getBoundingClientRect&&this.container.getBoundingClientRect();a&&(
r.offsetX=a.left,r.offsetY=a.top)}return r},m.prototype._updateViewRect=function()
{var e=this.viewRect;return this.viewRect=this._makeViewRect(),{xChanged:!e||
e.left!=this.viewRect.left||e.width!=this.viewRect.width,yChanged:!e||e.top!
=this.viewRect.top||e.height!
=this.viewRect.height}},m.prototype._eventHandler=function(e){var
t=this._updateViewRect();["resize","both"].includes(e)&&(t.xChanged||
t.yChanged)&&this.fireEvent("resize",this.viewRect),(t.xChanged||
t.yChanged)&&this.fireEvent("either",this.viewRect),t.xChanged&&this.fireEvent("hor
izontal",this.viewRect),t.yChanged&&this.fireEvent("vertical",this.view
Rect)},m.prototype.enable=function(){if(this.enabled)throw"ViewportManager has
already been enabled";this.enabled=!0,this.container=P.scrollParent||
window,this._eventHandler("both"),this.container.addEventListener("resize",this._re
sizeCallback,!1),(P.scrollParent?
this.container:window.document).addEventListener("scroll",this._scrollCallback,!
1)},m.prototype.disable=function(){if(!this.enabled)throw"ViewportManager has
already been disabled";this.enabled=!
1,window.removeEventListener("resize",this._resizeCallback,!
1),this.container.removeEventListener("scroll",this._scrollCallback,!
1)},y.prototype.name=function(){return
this._name},y.prototype.register=function(e,t){if(this.registered)throw"This
ViewManager is already registered";this.registered=!
0,this.documentManager=e,this.viewportManager=t,this._currentPageWidth=defaultViewW
idth,this._currentZoomMultiplier=1,this._updatePageWidths();var
i=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;this._register(e,t),i&&this.documentManager
.gotoPage(i.pageNum,
{}),e.executeCallbacks()},y.prototype._zoomedPageWidth=function(){return
this._currentPageWidth*this._currentZoomMultiplier},y.prototype._updatePageWidths=f
unction()
{this.documentManager.setPageWidths(this._zoomedPageWidth())},y.prototype.isTopPage
InView=function(){return!0},y.prototype._register=function(e,t)
{},y.prototype.unregister=function(){if(!this.registered)throw"This ViewManager is
already
unregistered";this.isFullscreen&&this.exitFullscreen(),this._setBodyWidth(),this._u
nregister(),this.registered=!1,delete this.documentManager,delete
this.viewportManager},y.prototype._unregister=function()
{},y.prototype._pagingStep=function(){return 1},y.prototype.gotoPage=function(e,t)
{if(!this.registered)throw"ViewManager must be registerd to call
gotoPage";this._gotoPage(e,t)},y.prototype._gotoPage=function(e,t)
{},y.prototype._fireHideExtras=function()
{this.documentManager._fireHideExtras(),this._extrasHidden=!
0},y.prototype._fireShowExtras=function()
{this.documentManager._fireShowExtras(),this._extrasHidden=!
1},y.prototype.enterFullscreen=function(){if(this.isFullscreen)throw"Fullscreen is
already
set";this._setBodyWidth(),this.viewportManager.addEvent("resize",this._fullscreenRe
sizedCallback),this._fireHideExtras(),this.resetZoom(),this._enterFullscreen(),this
._fullscreenResized(this.viewportManager.viewRect),this._currentPageWidth=this.view
portManager.viewRect.width,this.isFullscreen=!0;var
e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;e&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(e.pageNum,
{}),this.documentManager._fireEnteredFullscreen()},y.prototype.exitFullscreen=funct
ion(){if(!this.isFullscreen)throw"Fullscreen is not
set";this.viewportManager.removeEvent("resize",this._fullscreenResizedCallback),thi
s._fireShowExtras(),this.resetZoom(),this._exitFullscreen(),this.isFullscreen=!
1;var
e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;e&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(e.pageNum,
{}),this.documentManager._fireExitedFullscreen()},y.prototype._viewBarWidth=functio
n(){return this._extrasHidden?
0:this.documentManager.options.extrasWidth},y.prototype._enterFullscreen=function()
{},y.prototype._exitFullscreen=function()
{},y.prototype._fullscreenResized=function(e)
{},y.prototype._scrollWithZoom=function(e,t)
{window.scrollTo(0,e.top*t)},y.prototype.zoom=function(e){var
t=this.viewportManager.viewRect;t&&(this._currentZoomMultiplier*=e,this._setBodyWid
th(),this._updatePageWidths(),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!
0),this._scrollWithZoom(t,e),this._zoomed(),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!
1),this.documentManager._fireZoomed(e))},y.prototype._zoomed=function()
{},y.prototype.resetZoom=function()
{this._currentZoomMultiplier=1,this._setBodyWidth(),this._updatePageWidths(),this._
zoomed()},y.prototype._setBodyWidth=function(e){if(!P.scrollParent&&0!
=P.updateBodyWidth){var
t=document.documentElement.clientWidth,i=this._zoomedPageWidth()
+this._viewBarWidth()+10;globalHeader=document.getElementById("global_header"),i>t?
(document.body.style.width="".concat(i,"px"),globalHeader&&(globalHeader.style.widt
h="".concat(t,"px"))):
(document.body.style.width="100%",globalHeader&&(globalHeader.style.width="100%"))}
},_.prototype=new y,_.prototype._register=function(e,t)
{this._prepareDisplay()},_.prototype._unregister=function(){for(var e in
this.documentManager.pages)if(this.documentManager.pages.hasOwnProperty(e)){var
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t.containerElem.classList.remove("book_view"),t.con
tainerElem.style.display=""}},_.prototype._prepareDisplay=function(){for(var e in
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t.containerElem.classList.add("book_view"),t.contai
nerElem.style.display="none",t.hide()}this.documentManager.setPageMissingModulesVis
ible(!1),this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.documentManager.currentPageNum()||
1)},_.prototype._zoomed=function()
{this.documentManager.pages[this.currentPageId]},_.prototype._updatePageWidths=func
tion()
{this.documentManager.setPageWidths(this._zoomedPageWidth()/2)},_.prototype._paging
Step=function(){return 2},_.prototype._showPage=function(e){var
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t&&(t.isVisible=!0,t.display(!
0),t.containerElem.style.display="")},_.prototype._hidePage=function(e){var
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t&&(t.isVisible=!
1,t.containerElem.style.display="none",t.hide())},_.prototype._gotoPage=function(e,
t){(e=parseInt(e,10))%2==1&&(e-=1);var i,n;"number"==typeof
this.currentPageId&&(this._hidePage(this.currentPageId),this._hidePage(this.current
PageId+1)),i=this.documentManager.pages[e],n=this.documentManager.pages[e+1],(i||
n)&&(this.currentPageId=e,this.isFullscreen&&this._setPageBounds(this.viewportManag
er.viewRect),this._showPage(e),this._showPage(e+1),this.documentManager.visiblePage
sChanged())},_.prototype._setWidth=function(e)
{this._currentPageWidth=e,this.documentManager.setPageWidths(e)},_.prototype._fulls
creenResized=function(e){this._setWidth(e.width-
30)},_.prototype._enterFullscreen=function()
{this._previousPageWidth=this._currentPageWidth||
defaultViewWidth},_.prototype._exitFullscreen=function()
{this._setWidth(defaultViewWidth),this._setBodyWidth()},v.prototype=new
y,v.prototype._register=function(e,t){this._prepareDisplay();var
i=document.getElementById("scroll_preventer");i&&(i.style.overflow="hidden",i.style
.height="100%")},v.prototype._unregister=function(){var
e=document.getElementById("scroll_preventer");e&&(e.style.overflow="visible",e.styl
e.height="auto")},v.prototype._prepareDisplay=function(){for(var e in
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t.containerElem.style.display="none",t.hide()}this.
documentManager.setPageMissingModulesVisible(!
1),this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.documentManager.currentPageNum()||
1)},v.prototype._setPageBounds=function(e){var
t=this.documentManager.pages[this.currentPageId];t&&t.setBounds(e.width,e.height)},
v.prototype._gotoPage=function(e,t){var
i;this.documentManager.pages.hasOwnProperty(e)&&(this.currentPageId&&(i=this.docume
ntManager.pages[this.currentPageId])&&(i.isVisible=!
1,i.containerElem.style.display="none",i.hide()),this.currentPageId=e,i=this.docume
ntManager.pages[e],this.isFullscreen&&this._setPageBounds(this.viewportManager.view
Rect),i.isVisible=!0,i.display(!
0),i.containerElem.style.display="",i._updateBoundingRect(),this.documentManager.vi
siblePagesChanged())},v.prototype._setWidth=function(e)
{this._currentPageWidth=e,this.documentManager.setPageWidths(e)},v.prototype._fulls
creenResized=function(e)
{this._setPageBounds(e)},v.prototype._enterFullscreen=function()
{this._previousPageWidth=this._currentPageWidth||
defaultViewWidth},v.prototype._exitFullscreen=function()
{this._setWidth(defaultViewWidth),this._setBodyWidth()},w.prototype=new
y,w.prototype._updateInViewport=function(e){var
t=this.viewportManager.viewRect,i=e.boundingRect,n=e.isVisible;return e.isVisible=!
(!t||!
i)&&(i.left<t.right&&i.right>t.left&&i.top<t.bottom&&i.bottom>t.top),this.adjacentV
isiblePages=1,n!=e.isVisible},w.prototype.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages=function(){var
e=!1;for(var t in this.pages)if(this.pages.hasOwnProperty(t)){var
i=this.pages[t],n=this._updateInViewport(i);e=e||n}e?
this.documentManager.visiblePagesChanged():this.documentManager.scheduleLogPageView
(),this._updateDisplayOnPages()},w.prototype._updateDisplayOnPages=function()
{if(this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.lastVisiblePage)
{var e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-
this.adjacentVisiblePages,t=this.documentManager.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+this.adjac
entVisiblePages;for(var i in this.pages)if(this.pages.hasOwnProperty(i)){var
n=this.pages[i];n&&(n.pageNum>=e&&n.pageNum<=t?n.display():
(n.hide(),this.documentManager.fireEvent("pageHide",n)))}}},w.prototype._zoomed=fun
ction(){this.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages()},w.prototype._register=function(e,t)
{for(var i in
this.pages=e.pages,this.viewportManager.addEvent("vertical",this._verticalPositionC
hangeCallback),this.pages)
{if(this.pages.hasOwnProperty(i))this.documentManager.pages[i].containerElem.style.
display=""}this.documentManager.setPageMissingModulesVisible(!
0),this.documentManager._updatePageBoundingRects(),this.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages(
)},w.prototype.isTopPageInView=function(){var
e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;return!e||
(this.documentManager._expectedFirstPageNum>e.pageNum||
e.boundingRect.top+5>=this.viewportManager.viewRect.top)},w.prototype._unregister=f
unction()
{this.viewportManager.removeEvent("vertical",this._verticalPositionChangeCallback),
delete this.pages},w.prototype._gotoPage=function(e,t){if(t=t||
{},this.pages.hasOwnProperty(e)){var
i=this.documentManager.pages[e];this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!0);var
n=this.documentManager.viewportManager.container;return
i._updateBoundingRect(),n==window?scrollTo(i.boundingRect.left,i.boundingRect.top-
(t.offset||0)):n.scrollTop=i.boundingRect.top-(t.offset||
0),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!1),this.documentManager.isScrolling||
this.documentManager.visiblePagesChanged(),i.pageNum}},w.prototype._gotoNextPage=fu
nction()
{this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.document
Manager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum+1,
{direction:1})},w.prototype._gotoPreviousPage=function()
{this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.document
Manager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-1,{direction:-
1})},w.prototype._setWidth=function(e){var
t=this.pagePosition();this._currentPageWidth=e,this._updatePageWidths(),this._setBo
dyWidth(),this.restorePosition(t)},w.prototype._fullscreenResized=function()
{this._setWidth((window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth)-
30)},w.prototype._enterFullscreen=function()
{this._previousPageWidth=this._currentWidth||
defaultViewWidth},w.prototype._exitFullscreen=function()
{this._setWidth(this._previousPageWidth)},w.prototype.pagePosition=function(){var
e=this.viewportManager.container,t=this.documentManager.pages[this.documentManager.
currentPageNum()||1],i=e.scrollTop,n=e.scrollLeft,o=(i-
t.boundingRect.top)/t.boundingRect.height,s=(n-
t.boundingRect.left)/t.boundingRect.width;return[t.pageNum,o,s]},w.prototype.restor
ePosition=function(e){if(!this._disableRestorePosition){var
t=this.pages[e[0]].containerElem;if(this._gotoPage(e[0],{offset:-
Math.floor(e[1]*t.clientHeight)}),null!==e[2]){var
i=this.viewportManager.container,n=e[2];n=Math.floor(n*t.clientWidth);var
o=t.clientWidth-
i.clientWidth;i.scrollLeft=Math.min(o,n)}}},w.prototype.zoom=function(e)
{if(this.viewportManager.viewRect){var
t=this.pagePosition();this._currentZoomMultiplier*=e,this._setBodyWidth(),this._upd
atePageWidths(),this.shouldRestorePosition&&this.restorePosition(t),this._zoomed(),
this.documentManager._fireZoomed(e)}},s(P,
["expectedFirstPageChanged","viewmodeChanged","enteredFullscreen","exitedFullscreen
","hideExtras","showExtras","zoomed","pageHide","pageLoaded","allPagesAdded","pageV
iew","visiblePagesChanged","viewmodeInitialized"]),P.prototype.setupLazyImageObserv
er=function(){var e=this;this.lazyImageObserver=new
IntersectionObserver((function(t,i){t.forEach((function(t)
{t.isIntersecting&&e.lazyLoad(t.target)}))}))},P.prototype.lazyLoad=function(e)
{e.className.toLowerCase().search("absimg")>-1&&!
e.src&&(e.src=this.subImageSrc(e.getAttribute("orig")),e.removeAttribute("orig"),e.
style.display="block",this.lazyImageObserver&&this.lazyImageObserver.unobserve(e))}
,P.prototype.observeImages=function(e)
{if(this.lazyImageObserver&&this.lazyImageObserver.observe)for(var
t=e.getElementsByTagName("img"),i=0;i<t.length;i+
+)t[i].className.toLowerCase().search("absimg")>-
1&&this.lazyImageObserver.observe(t[i])},P.prototype.registerCallback=function(e)
{this.callbacks_ready?
e.call(this):this.callbacks.push(e)},P.prototype.executeCallbacks=function(){var
e=this;this.callbacks_ready=!0,this.callbacks.forEach((function(t)
{t.call(e)}))},P.prototype.disableRestorePosition=function()
{this.viewManagers.scroll._disableRestorePosition=!
0},P.prototype._fireZoomed=function(e)
{this.fireEvent("zoomed",e)},P.prototype.nextFontAggregatorHost=function(){return
this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx=(this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx+1)%this.font
AggregatorHosts.length,this.fontAggregatorHosts[this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx]
},P.prototype._fireHideExtras=function()
{this.fireEvent("hideExtras")},P.prototype._fireShowExtras=function()
{this.fireEvent("showExtras")},P.prototype.currentPageNum=function(){return
this._expectedFirstPageNum},P.prototype.setupTestElements=function()
{this._fontLoader.setupTestElements()},P.prototype.pageCount=function()
{if(this.hasOwnProperty("_pageCount"))return this._pageCount;var e=0;for(var t in
this.pages)this.pages.hasOwnProperty(t)&&e++;return
this._pageCount=e,this._pageCount},P.prototype.truncatedPagesString=function()
{return"".concat(this.firstHiddenPageNum,"-").concat(this.originalPageCount)},P.pro
totype.setupPaidDocument=function(e,t)
{this.allowedPages=e,this.originalPageCount=t,this._allowedPagesHash=[],this._maxim
umAllowedPage=Math.max.apply(null,this.allowedPages),this._minimumAllowedPage=Math.
min.apply(null,this.allowedPages),this._isPaidDocument=!
0,this._pageMissingElements=[];for(var i=0;i<e.length;i+
+)this._allowedPagesHash[e[i]]=!0,(i>0&&e[i]>e[i-1]+1||0===i&&1!
=e[i])&&this._pageMissingElements.push("page_missing_explanation_"+e[i].toString())
;this._maximumAllowedPage!
=this.originalPageCount&&this._pageMissingElements.push("page_missing_explanation_"
+(this.originalPageCount+1).toString())},P.prototype.minimumPageNumber=function()
{return"book"===this.viewMode()?0:1},P.prototype.maximumPageNumber=function()
{return this.allowedPages?
this.originalPageCount:this.pageCount()},P.prototype.getClosestPageNumber=function(
e,t){if(!this.allowedPages)return e;if(this._allowedPagesHash[e])return
e;if(e>=this._maximumAllowedPage)return
this._maximumAllowedPage;if(e<=this._minimumAllowedPage)return
this._minimumAllowedPage;for(var i=1;i<=this.originalPageCount;i++){if(t<=0&&!
0===this._allowedPagesHash[e-i])return e-i;if(t>=0&&e+i<this.originalPageCount&&!
0===this._allowedPagesHash[e+i])return
e+i}},P.prototype.setPageMissingModulesVisible=function(e)
{if(this._isPaidDocument)for(var t=0;t<this._pageMissingElements.length;t++){var
i=document.getElementById(this._pageMissingElements[t]);i&&(this.truncateDocument?
i.remove():i.style.display=e?"block":"none")}},P.prototype.getNextAvailablePage=fun
ction(e){return
getClosestPageNumber(e,1)},P.prototype.getPreviousAvailablePage=function(e){return
getClosestPageNumber(e,-1)},P.prototype.flushFontQueue=function()
{this._fontLoader.flushFontQueue()},P.prototype.visiblePagesChanged=function(){var
e=[];for(var t in this.pages)if(this.pages.hasOwnProperty(t)){var
i=this.pages[t];i.isVisible&&e.push(i)}if(e.length){e.sort((function(e,t){return
e.pageNum<t.pageNum?-
1:1})),this.fireEvent("visiblePagesChanged",e),this.visiblePages=e;var
n=this.firstVisiblePage;this.firstVisiblePage=e.length>0?
e[0]:null,this.lastVisiblePage=e.length>0?e[e.length-1]:null,this.isScrolling||
(this._loadAdjacentFonts(),this._loadAdjacentPages()),(this.firstVisiblePage===n||
this.firstVisiblePage&&n)&&this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum==n.pageNum||!
this.isScrolling&&this.firstVisiblePage&&this._updateExpectedFirstPage(this.firstVi
siblePage.pageNum),this.scheduleLogPageView()}},P.prototype.boundingRatioForPage=fu
nction(e){var t=this.viewportManager.viewRect,i=e.boundingRect,n=i.bottom-
i.top,o=i.right-i.left;return{left:(t.left-i.left)/o,right:(t.right-
i.right)/o+1,top:b((t.top-
i.top)/n+e.pageNum,e.pageNum,e.pageNum+1),bottom:b((t.bottom-
i.bottom)/n+e.pageNum+1,e.pageNum,e.pageNum+1)}},P.prototype.scheduleLogPageView=fu
nction(){var
e=this;this.logPageViewTimout&&window.clearTimeout(this.logPageViewTimout),this.log
PageViewTimout=window.setTimeout((function()
{e.logPageView(),e.logPageViewTimout=null}),1e3)},P.prototype.getVisibleBBox=functi
on(){var e={};if(this.firstVisiblePage){var
t=this.boundingRatioForPage(this.firstVisiblePage);e.left=t.left,e.right=t.right,e.
top=t.top}if(this.lastVisiblePage){var
i=this.boundingRatioForPage(this.lastVisiblePage);e.bottom=i.bottom}return
e},P.prototype.logPageView=function(){var e,t=this.getVisibleBBox();for(var i in
t)t.hasOwnProperty(i)&&(t[i]=(e=t[i],Math.floor(100*e)/100));var n=window.
$rat;n&&n("fourgen.viewchange","2"==window.RAT_API_VERSION?[[t.left,t.top],
[t.right,t.bottom]]:"(".concat(t.left," ").concat(t.top,") (").concat(t.right,"
").concat(t.bottom,")"));return
this.fireEvent("pageView"),t},P.prototype._updateExpectedFirstPage=function(e)
{this._expectedFirstPageNum=e,this.fireEvent("expectedFirstPageChanged",this._expec
tedFirstPageNum)},P.prototype._loadAdjacentFonts=function()
{if(this.firstVisiblePage&&this.lastVisiblePage)for(var
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-i,t=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+i,n=e;n<=t;n++)
{var o=this.pages[n];o&&o.loadFonts()}},P.prototype._loadAdjacentPages=function()
{if(this.firstVisiblePage&&this.lastVisiblePage){for(var
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-t,i=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+t,n=e;n<=i;n++)
{var o=this.pages[n];o&&!
o.loadHasStarted&&(o.load(),this.mobile&&o.setWidth(this._pageWidths))}this.mobile&
&this._removeUnusedPages()}},P.prototype._removeUnusedPages=function(){for(var
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-
t,i=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+t,n=this.pages,o=t+1;n[o];)(o<e||
o>i)&&n[o].remove(),o++},P.prototype._updatePageBoundingRects=function(){for(var e
in
this.pages)this.pages.hasOwnProperty(e)&&this.pages[e]._updateBoundingRect()},P.pro
totype.removeInsteadOfBlurring=function(e){return!!
(this.truncateDocument&&this.firstHiddenPageNum&&e.pageNum>=this.firstHiddenPageNum
)||(!!P.disablePageBlur||"undefined"==typeof
Scribd)},P.prototype.addPage=function(e){if(!
this.firstHiddenPageNum&&e.blur&&(this.firstHiddenPageNum=e.pageNum),!
this.removeInsteadOfBlurring(e)){if(void 0===e.pageNum)throw"must have pageNum
param";if(e.docManager=this,e.innerPageElem)for(var
t=e.innerPageElem.querySelectorAll(".absimg"),i=0;i<t.length;i+
+)t[i].style.display="block";var n=new f(e);return
this.pages[e.pageNum]=n,this._pageWidths&&n.setWidth(this._pageWidths),this.current
FontGroup.isFull()&&(this.currentFontGroup=this.currentFontGroup.newNextGroup()),n.
setLoadFontGroup(this.currentFontGroup),n}e.containerElem.parentNode.removeChild(e.
containerElem)},P.prototype.setIsScrolling=function(e){e?
this._scrollingCount+=1:this._scrollingCount-
=1,this._scrollingCount<0&&(this._scrollingCount=0),0===this._scrollingCount?
this.isScrolling=!1:this.isScrolling=!0},P.prototype.setViewManager=function(e,t)
{var i=this;this._currentViewManager?(this._setViewManager(e),"function"==typeof
t&&t()):this.addEvent("viewmodeInitialized",(function()
{i.setViewManager(e,t)}))},P.prototype._setViewManager=function(e,t){t||
this._currentViewManager.unregister();var
i=this._currentViewManager;this._currentViewManager=this.viewManagers[e],this._curr
entViewManager.register(this,this.viewportManager),this.fireEvent("viewmodeChanged"
,this.viewMode(),i?i.name():null)},P.prototype.setInitialVie
wManager=function(e){if(this._currentViewManager)throw"This should be called before
any view manager exists";this._setViewManager(e,!
0),this.fireEvent("viewmodeInitialized",this.viewMode(),null)},P.prototype.setDefau
ltWidth=function(e)
{this._currentViewManager._currentPageWidth=e,this._currentViewManager._currentZoom
Multiplier=1,this._currentViewManager._updatePageWidths()},P.prototype.subImageSrc=
function(e){var t,i=0;for(t=0;t<e.length;t++)i+=e.charCodeAt(t);var
n=this._imageDomainSubstitutionList[i
%this._imageDomainSubstitutionList.length];return
e.replace(this._imageDomainSubstitutionFrom,n)},P.prototype.allPagesAdded=function(
){if(this._allPagesAddedCalled)throw"can only call allPagesAdded
once";this.viewportManager.enable(),this._updatePageBoundingRects(),this.setInitial
ViewManager(this.defaultViewMode),this.fireEvent("allPagesAdded")},P.prototype.setE
mbeddedDoc=function(e)
{this._isEmbed="True"===e},P.prototype.setPageWidths=function(e){for(var t in
this._pageWidths=e,this.pages)this.pages.hasOwnProperty(t)&&this.pages[t].setWidth(
this._pageWidths);this._updatePageBoundingRects()},P.prototype.addFont=function(e,t
,i,n,o,s){this._fontLoader.addFont(e,t,i,n,o,s)},P.prototype.initStyles=function()
{this._fontLoader.initStyles()},P.prototype.gotoPage=function(e,t){var i=!(e
%1==0),n=null;if(i&&(n=+(e%1).toFixed(2),e=Math.floor(e)),!
(e<this.minimumPageNumber()||e>this.maximumPageNumber())){t||
(t={}),i&&null==t.frac&&(t.frac=n);var o=t.direction||0,s=this.pages[e];void
0===s&&this._isPaidDocument&&(e=this.getClosestPageNumber(e,o),s=this.pages[e]),thi
s.mobile&&this.pages[e]&&this.pages[e].setWidth(this._pageWidths),this._updateExpec
tedFirstPage(e),this._currentViewManager.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum,t)}},P
.prototype.gotoPreviousPage=function(){var
e=this._currentViewManager._pagingStep();this._currentViewManager.isTopPageInView()
?this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum-e,{direction:-
1}):this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum,{direction:-
1})},P.prototype.gotoNextPage=function(){var
e=this._currentViewManager._pagingStep();this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum+e
,{direction:1})},P.prototype.enterFullscreen=function()
{this._currentViewManager.enterFullscreen()},P.prototype.exitFullscreen=function()
{this._currentViewManager.exitFullscreen()},P.prototype.isFullscreen=function()
{return
this._currentViewManager.isFullscreen},P.prototype._fireEnteredFullscreen=function(
){this.fireEvent("enteredFullscreen")},P.prototype._fireExitedFullscreen=function()
{this.fireEvent("exitedFullscreen")},P.prototype.viewMode=function(){return
this._currentViewManager?
this._currentViewManager.name():null},P.prototype.zoom=function(e)
{this._currentViewManager.zoom(e)},P.prototype.resetZoom=function()
{this._currentViewManager.resetZoom()},P.prototype.setImageDomainSubstitution=funct
ion(e,t)
{this._imageDomainSubstitutionFrom=e,this._imageDomainSubstitutionList=t},P.prototy
pe.disableViewManagerResizeWidth=function(){y.prototype._setBodyWidth=function()
{}},P.prototype.disable=function(){this.disabled||(this.disabled=!
0,this.viewportManager.disable())},P.prototype.disableCopyPasteOnPage=function(e)
{["dragstart, selectstart, contextmenu"].forEach((function(t){e.addEventListener(t,
(function(e)
{e.preventDefault()}))})),e.setAttribute("unselectable","on"),e.querySelectorAll("*
").forEach((function(e)
{e.setAttribute("unselectable","on")}))},P.prototype.doDynamicBlurring=function(e)
{var t;if(!this.removeInsteadOfBlurring())
{t=document.getElementById(e),this.disableCopyPasteOnPage(t);var i=function(){var
e=document.createElement("div");t.appendChild(e);var
i=0===t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer,
.image_layer").length;window.render_blur_promo(e,i)};window.__app_loaded?
i():window.__pages_to_blur.push(i),t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer").forEach((funct
ion(e){e.style["text-shadow"]="0px 0px 70px
black",e.style.color="transparent"})),t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer
[style]").forEach((function(e)
{e.style.color="transparent"})),t.querySelectorAll(".image_layer
img").forEach((function(e){e.style.opacity=.04}))}},P.setJQuery=function(e)
{console.info("DocumentManager.setJQuery is deprecated. jQuery is no longer a
dependency.")},P.ScrollViewManager=w,P.SlideViewManager=v,P.BookViewManager=_,P}
();window.DocumentManager=n}(),window.NodeList&&!
NodeList.prototype.forEach&&(NodeList.prototype.forEach=function(e,t){t=t||
window;for(var i=0;i<this.length;i++)e.call(t,this[i],i,this)})},1:function(e,t,i)
{i("w0yH"),e.exports=i("+lZJ")},fRV1:function(e,t){var i;i=function(){return this}
();try{i=i||new Function("return this")()}catch(e){"object"==typeof
window&&(i=window)}e.exports=i},w0yH:function(e,t,i){(function(e){("undefined"!
=typeof window?window:void 0!==e?e:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:
{}).SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"17f94399f626b80269cf9293670fe99443c8ad75"}}).call(this,i("f
RV1"))}},[[1,1]]]);
//#
sourceMappingURL=https://www.scribd.com/webpack/doc_page/4gen.420c156d45e87bd5a371.
js.map
</script><div class="global_wrapper"><div class="autogen_class_views_pdfs_show
autogen_class_widgets_base" id="autogen_id_632817809"><div
class="visually_hidden"></div><div id="portal"></div><div id="content"
style="display: none;"><style></style>
<script type="text/javascript">
var defaultViewWidth = defaultViewWidth || 847.0;
var docManager = new DocumentManager(

"scroll",
"web" == "mobile",
{ hasWoffsCss: "False" == "True" }
); // Our global manager for this view page
window.docManager = docManager;
docManager.setEmbeddedDoc('False');
docManager.fontAggregatorHosts = ["https://html1-f.scribdassets.com",
"https://html2-f.scribdassets.com"];
docManager.assetPrefix = "95qwmz27pc6s8s9f";
docManager.addFont(1, "", "ff1", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(0, "b", "ff0", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "bold",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(3, "b", "ff3", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "bold",
"normal");
"normal");
docManager.addFont(5, "", "ff5", "Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif",
"normal", "normal");
"normal");
"normal");
"normal");
docManager.displayType = "vector";
var allowedPagesTemp = [1];
docManager.setupPaidDocument(allowedPagesTemp, 3);
docManager.initStyles();
docManager.setPageWidths(defaultViewWidth);
docManager.setImageDomainSubstitution(/http:\/\/html.scribd.com/,
["https://html1-f.scribdassets.com", "https://html2-f.scribdassets.com"]);
var css = 'body{font-

size:100%;width:100%;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none}div.outer_page{position:rel
ative;display:block;font-size:16px;margin:10px;margin-
bottom:20px}div.blurred_page{-webkit-user-select:none;-khtml-user-drag:none;-khtml-
user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:-moz-none;-ms-user-
select:none;user-select:none}div.outer_page.book_view{display:inline-
block}div#page_wrapper{width:100%}div.page{left:0;position:relative;overflow:hidden
;font-family:Helvetica, Times;top:0;line-
height:1;color:#000000}div.layer{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:0;height:0}di
v.inner_layer{position:relative}div.abstext{position:absolute}.absimg{position:abso
lute;border:none}span.ib{overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-
block;vertical-align:bottom;letter-spacing:0}div.page div{white-
space:nowrap}div.scale_hack div.middle_layer{font-size:15.0em}div.scale_hack
div.inner_layer{-moz-transform:scale(0.06667);-moz-transform-origin:top left;-
webkit-transform:scale(0.06667);-webkit-transform-origin:top left;-o-
transform:scale(0.06667);-o-transform-origin:top left}span.nw{white-
space:nowrap;position:static}span.jbr{width:100%;display:inline-block}.inner_layer
div{position:absolute}.inner_layer
p{position:absolute;margin:0;padding:0}.inner_layer p.pj span span{line-
height:0px}.inner_layer p.pl span,.inner_layer p.pc span,.inner_layer p.pr
span{line-height:0px}.inner_layer p.pj{white-space:normal;text-
align:justify}.inner_layer p.pl{text-align:left}.inner_layer p.pr{text-
align:right}.inner_layer p.pc{text-align:center}.inner_layer div span,.inner_layer
p span{position:relative}.inner_layer div,.inner_layer span{white-
space:nowrap}div.outer_page_container{position:relative}div.newpage{white-
space:nowrap;position:relative;top:0px;left:0px;text-
rendering:auto;color:#000000}div.image_layer{width:0px;height:0px;position:absolute
;top:0px;left:0px}div.image_layer
.absimg{position:absolute;border:none;left:0px}div.link_layer{width:0px;height:0px;
position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px}div.text_layer div{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;line-height:1}div.text_layer
span{white-space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1}span.g{position:absolute;border:none;left:0px}.text_layer span.w{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer
a.ll{position:static;display:inline;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.text_layer
span.l{white-space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l1{white-
height:1;display:inline;margin-left:-1px}.text_layer span.l2{white-
height:1;display:inline;margin-left:-12px}.text_layer span.w1{white-
height:1;width:1px;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w2{white-
height:1;width:12px;display:inline-
block}a.ll{display:block;position:absolute}div.text_layer{position:absolute;top:0;l
eft:0;width:0;height:0;-o-transform:scale(0.2);-o-transform-origin:top left;-moz-
transform:scale(0.2);-moz-transform-origin:top left;-webkit-transform:scale(0.2);-
webkit-transform-origin:top left;-ms-transform:scale(0.2);-ms-transform-origin:top
left;transform:scale(0.2);transform-origin:top
left}span.a{position:absolute;border:none;left:0px}';
var head = document.head || document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
var style = document.createElement('style');
style.type = 'text/css';
style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css));
head.appendChild(style);
</script>
</div><div data-hypernova-key="doc_page" data-hypernova-id="cd8f0826-a9a8-4101-
b5e3-235d0118aa22"><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_base_page
auto__doc_page_page"><div class="modal_wrapper"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_flash_container modal_open" role="alert"></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_modal_container"></div></div><div
class="page_wrapper"><div class="auto__shared_navigation_globalnav"><header
class="auto__shared_navigation_globalnav_header" id="global_header" tabindex="-
1"><div class="header_container flex_row"><div class="breakpoint_hide b700
above"><div class="logo_container flex_row"><a class="hamburger_menu_button
flex_col" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span
class="auto__shared_navigation_global_nav_hamburger_icon" aria-hidden="true"><span
class="top"></span><span class="middle"></span><span
class="bottom"></span></span></a><a class="logo_home_button flex_col"
href="https://www.scribd.com/"><img alt="Scribd" class="logo" role="img"
src="/images/landing/home2_landing/scribd_logo_horiz_small.svg"/></a></div></div><d
iv class="logo_and_search"><div class="breakpoint_hide b700 at_or_below"><div
class="logo_container flex_col static"><a class="icon_button logo_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/"><img alt="Scribd" class="logo" role="img"
src="/images/landing/home2_landing/scribd_logo_horiz_small.svg"/></a></div></div><d
iv class="search_input_container search_input_container nav_search"
role="search"><form class="search_form"><label><span
class="visually_hidden">Search</span><input type="search" autoCapitalize="off"
autoComplete="off" autoCorrect="off" class="search_input" id="header_search_input"
name="query" placeholder="Search" value=""/></label><button
class="wrapper__text_button search_button no_spinner" type="submit"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_search
search_icon"></span></span><span class="visually_hidden">Search</span></button><div
class="breakpoint_hide b550 above"><button type="button"
class="close_related_search_button icon-ic_close"><span
class="visually_hidden">Close
suggestions</span></button></div></form></div></div><div class="breakpoint_hide
b550 right_tools_breakpoint_wrapper at_or_below"><div class="right_tools
flex_row"><a aria-label="Upload a document" class="icon_button upload_button
with_right_border" href="/upload-document"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon
icon-ic_globalnav_upload" role="presentation"></span><div class="breakpoint_hide
b700 at_or_below"><span class="icon_button_text">Upload</span></div></a><div
class="auto__shared_navigation_language_picker icon_button language_picker
with_right_border"><div class="button_menu_container wrapper__button_menu"><div
class="button_menu_wrapper"><span class="selector_button"><a class="text_btn
language_btn flex_row menu_handle" href="#language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-
expanded="false"><span class="icon icon-ic_language"></span><span class="prefix
icon_button_text">en</span><span class="down_arrow icon-ic_dropdown_alt" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden"><span lang="en">Change
Language</span></span></a></span></div></div></div><div
class="auto__shared_usermenubutton"><a class="user_util user_util_btn" href="#user-
util-view-profile" aria-expanded="false"><div class="button_content flex_row"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_persona_icon_icon persona_icon small icon-
ic_user_circle" aria-hidden="true"> </div><span class="icon icon-ic_dropdown_alt
down_arrow arrow user_util"></span></div></a></div></div></div></div><div
class="color_divider flex_row"><div class="color_section seafoam_regular"
style="width:4%"></div><div class="color_section teal_dark"
style="width:12%"></div><div class="color_section teal_light"
style="width:48%"></div><div class="color_section midnight_light"
style="width:12%"></div><div class="color_section wine_light"
style="width:16%"></div><div class="color_section yellow_dark"
style="width:8%"></div></div></header><div
class="auto__shared_navigation_globalnav_sidebar hybrid_sidebar"><div
class="breakpoint_hide b700 sidbar_breakpoint_wrapper at_or_below"><div
class="translucent_background"></div><nav class="vertical_nav"><div
class="sidebar_container flex_col"><div class="upper"><ul class="top_section"><li
id="membership_info_root"><a class="membership_info_container
wrapper__shared_navigation_membershipinfo" href="https://www.scribd.com/subscribe-
now" target=""><p class="text">Learn more about Scribd Membership</p><span
class="icon icon-ic_right_caret_alt" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li
class="nav_row home" id="nav_row_home"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/"
class="nav_link flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_scribd_social_logo"></span><div class="title_container flex_col"><div
class="flex_row"><div class="nav_title">Home</div></div></div></a></li><li
class="nav_row saved" id="nav_row_saved"><a href="/saved" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_save_for_later_2px"></span><div class="title_container flex_col"><div
class="flex_row"><div class="nav_title">Saved</div></div></div></a></li></ul><div
class="divider" id="top_section_divider"></div><ul aria-
labelledby="sidebar_nav_categories" class="categories"><li class="nav_row
bestsellers"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/bestsellers" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_globalnav_topcharts"></span><div class="title_container flex_col"><div
class="flex_row"><div class="nav_title">Bestsellers</div></div></div></a></li><li
class="nav_row book"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/books" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_book"></span><div
class="title_container flex_col"><div class="flex_row"><div
class="nav_title">Books</div></div></div></a></li><li class="nav_row audiobook"><a
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks" class="nav_link flex_row"><span aria-
hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_audiobook"></span><div class="title_container
flex_col"><div class="flex_row"><div
class="nav_title">Audiobooks</div></div></div></a></li><li class="nav_row
summary"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/snapshots" class="nav_link flex_row"><span
aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_globalnav_snapshot"></span><div
class="nav_title">Snapshots</div></div></div></a></li><li class="nav_row
magazine"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_magazine"></span><div
class="nav_title">Magazines</div></div></div></a></li><li class="nav_row
document"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/docs" class="nav_link flex_row"><span
aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_document"></span><div class="title_container
flex_col"><div class="flex_row"><div
class="nav_title">Documents</div></div></div></a></li><li class="nav_row
sheet_music"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_songbook"></span><div
class="title_container flex_col"><div class="flex_row"><div class="nav_title">Sheet
Music</div></div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="breakpoint_hide b700
above"><ul class="bottom_section flex_col"><div class="breakpoint_hide b550
above"><li class="nav_row upload"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/upload-document"
class="nav_link flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_globalnav_upload"></span><div class="title_container flex_col"><div
class="flex_row"><div class="nav_title">Upload</div></div></div></a></li></div><div
class="divider"></div><li class="nav_row language"><a href="#" class="nav_link
flex_row"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_language"></span><div
class="nav_title">English</div><span class="icon-ic_right_caret_1px side_arrow"
aria-hidden="true"></span></div></div></a></li><li role="presentation"><div
class="color_divider flex_row"><div class="color_section seafoam_regular"
style="width:4%"></div><div class="color_section teal_dark"
style="width:12%"></div><div class="color_section teal_light"
style="width:48%"></div><div class="color_section midnight_light"
style="width:12%"></div><div class="color_section wine_light"
style="width:16%"></div><div class="color_section yellow_dark"
style="width:8%"></div></div></li><div class="breakpoint_hide b550 above"><li
class="nav_row user_button"><a href="#" class="flex_row unstyled_link"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_persona_icon_icon persona_icon small icon-
ic_user_circle" aria-hidden="true"> </div><div class="user_copy"><span
class="greeting">Hi Bipin!</span><div class="profile_button flex_row"><span
class="label">Your profile</span><span class="icon icon-
ic_right_caret_1px"></span></div></div></a></li></div></ul></div></div></nav><div
id="social_proof_root"><div class="auto__shared_navigation_social_proof"><section
class="social_proof_anchor"><h2 class="title">Much more than
documents.</h2><p>Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and
audiobooks from major publishers.</p><button class="wrapper__text_button
social_proof_trial_button" type="button">Start Free Trial</button><span
class="sub_cta_text">Cancel
anytime.</span></section></div></div></div></div></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_flash_container" role="alert"></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_toast_container" role="alert"></div><section
class="body"><div class="auto__doc_page_body_body"><div
id="reading_progress_container" class="document_column"><div class="breakpoint_hide
b450 above"><section class="auto__doc_page_app_page_body_metadata metadata_section
narrow"><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_title data_row
title"><h1>Calculating Frequency & Severity Rates: A. Lost-Time Injury
Frequency Rate</h1></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_publisher data_row publish_info inline"><h2
class="heading">Uploaded by</h2><a
href="https://www.scribd.com/user/266635253/Nguyen-Trung-Kien">Nguyen Trung
Kien</a> <div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_created_at data_row created_at
inline"><span class="visually_hidden"><h3>Date uploaded</h3></span><div>on Feb 25,
2019</div></div></div><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_summary_narrow
visually_hidden"><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_ratings
ratings_component"><span class="upvotes"><span class="font_icon_container"><span
aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span
class="count"><span aria-hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0
upvotes</span></span></span><span class="downvotes"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count"><span aria-
hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0
downvotes</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" aria-
hidden="true"></div><span class="views">4 views</span><div class="separator" aria-
hidden="true"></div><span class="page_count">3 pages</span></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_info_accordion exited"><button type="button"
class="active_area"><h2 class="button_title">Document Information</h2><span
ic_dropdown_alt down"></span><span class="visually_hidden">click to expand document
information</span></span></button><div class="expanded_info" aria-
hidden="true"><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_created_at data_row
created_at"><h3>Date uploaded</h3><div>Feb 25, 2019</div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_original_title data_row
original_title"><h3>Original Title</h3><div>Calculating
Frequency.docx</div></div><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_copyright
data_row copyright"><h3>Copyright</h3><div>© © All Rights Reserved</div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_formats data_row formats"><h3>Available
Formats</h3><div>DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd</div></div><div
class="sharing_actions"><h2 class="title">Share this document</h2><div
class="auto__doc_page_App_Page_Body_ShareRow share_row_component"><h3
class="visually_hidden">Share or Embed Document</h3><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_sharing_buttons"><h2 class="visually_hidden"
id="u_6555_list">Sharing Options</h2><ul aria-labelledby="u_6555_list" class="list
new_icons show_text"><li class="item facebook"><a aria-label="Share on Facebook"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span
class="icon icon-ic_facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on Facebook, opens a new window</span><div
class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Facebook</div></a></li><li class="item
twitter"><a aria-label="Share on Twitter" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon-ic_twitter" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share on Twitter, opens a new
window</span><div class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Twitter</div></a></li><li
class="item linkedin"><a aria-label="Share on LinkedIn" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon-ic_linkedin" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share on LinkedIn, opens a new
window</span><div class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">LinkedIn</div></a></li><li
class="item email"><a aria-label="Share with Email" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="mailto:?subject=Read Calculating Frequency.docx on
Scribd&body=I’m reading Calculating Frequency.docx on Scribd: https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F400421651%2FCalculating-Frequency-docx"><span
class="icon icon-ic_email" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share with Email, opens mail client</span><div
class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Email</div></a></li><li class="item
copy_link" data-clipboard-
text="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><a
aria-label="Copy Link" class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#"><span
class="icon icon-ic_copy_large" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Copy Text</span><div class="visual_text" aria-
hidden="true">Copy Link</div></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div
class="rate"><h3>Did you find this document useful?</h3><div
class="buttons"><button class="wrapper__outline-button
auto__app_page_body_upvote_button upvote_button_component" type="button"><span
ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0 upvotes, Mark this document
as useful</span></button><button class="wrapper__outline-button
auto__app_page_body_downvote_button downvote_button_component" type="button"><span
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0 downvotes, Mark this document
as not useful</span></button></div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_flag_document data_row flag_document_link
label"><h3>Is this content inappropriate?</h3><a class="wrapper__text_button
report_this_document" href="#">Report this Document</a></div></div></div><div
class="doc_actions"><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_download_button_button
download_btn_container"><button class="auto__doc_page_shared_forms_common_button
download_btn flat_btn" aria-label="Download" type="button"><span
class="label">Download Now</span><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_spinner_spinner
spinner_component"><span class="spinner" aria-
hidden="true"></span></div></button></div><div
class="auto__shared_components_save_button save_button_container"><button
class="auto__doc_page_shared_forms_common_button edit_saved_btn icon_only text_btn
flat_btn" type="button"><span class="icon icon-ic_save_for_later_2px" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden"><span class="label" aria-
hidden="true">save</span></span><span class="visually_hidden">Save Calculating
Frequency.docx For Later</span></button></div></div></section></div><div
class="breakpoint_hide b450 at_or_below"><section
class="auto__doc_page_app_page_body_metadata metadata_section wide"><div
class="doc_info_actions"><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_summary_wide
visually_hidden"><span class="views">4 views</span><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_ratings ratings_component"><span
class="upvotes"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true"
class="icon icon-ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span class="count"><span aria-
upvotes</span></span></span><span class="downvotes"><span
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count"><span aria-
downvotes</span></span></span></div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_title data_row title"><h1>Calculating Frequency
& Severity Rates: A. Lost-Time Injury Frequency Rate</h1></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_original_title data_row original_title
inline"><h2>Original Title:</h2><div>Calculating Frequency.docx</div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_publisher data_row publish_info inline"><h2
class="heading">Uploaded by</h2><a
href="https://www.scribd.com/user/266635253/Nguyen-Trung-Kien">Nguyen Trung
Kien</a> <div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_created_at data_row created_at
inline"><span class="visually_hidden"><h3>Date uploaded</h3></span><div>on Feb 25,
2019</div></div></div><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_description data_row
description inline"><span
class="visually_hidden"><h2>Description:</h2></span><div></div><a
class="see_more_btn text_btn" href="#">Full description</a></div><div
class="doc_actions visually_hidden"><div class="auto__shared_components_save_button
save_button_container"><button class="auto__doc_page_shared_forms_common_button
edit_saved_btn text_btn flat_btn" type="button"><span class="icon icon-
ic_save_for_later_2px" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="label" aria-
hidden="true">save</span><span class="visually_hidden">Save Calculating
Frequency.docx For Later</span></button></div><button class="wrapper__text_button
auto__app_page_body_upvote_button upvote_button_component" type="button"><span
ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0 upvotes, Mark this document
as useful</span></button><button class="wrapper__text_button
auto__app_page_body_downvote_button downvote_button_component" type="button"><span
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0</span><span class="visually_hidden">0 downvotes, Mark this document
as not useful</span></button><button class="wrapper__text_button embed_btn"
type="button"><span class="icon icon-ic_embed" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="label">Embed</span></button><div
class="auto__doc_page_App_Page_Body_ShareButton"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_react_button_menu button_menu_container"><div
class="button_menu_wrapper"><span class="selector_button"><button
class="wrapper__text_button sharing_btn menu_handle" type="button"><span
class="icon icon-ic_share_web" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="label">Share</span></button></span></div></div></div><button
class="wrapper__text_button print_btn" type="button"><span class="icon icon-
ic_print" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="label">Print</span></button></div></div></section></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_body_toolbar"><div class="left_tools"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_download_button_button download_btn_container"><button
class="auto__doc_page_shared_forms_common_button download_btn flat_btn" aria-
label="Download" type="button"><span class="label">Download Now</span><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_spinner_spinner spinner_component"><span
class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"></span></div></button></div></div><div
class="center_tools"><div class="toolbar_pager"><div class="wrapper__text_input
input_row page_number tel"><label for="jump_page"><span class="label_text
visually_hidden">Jump to Page </span><div class="input_wrapper"><input type="tel"
class="page_number" id="jump_page" name="page_number"
value="1"/></div></label></div><span aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"><span
class="visually_hidden">You are on page 1</span><span class="page_of">of
3</span></span></div><div class="breakpoint_hide b950 below"><div
class="auto__doc_page_webpack_doc_page_shared_tooltips_tooltip
tooltip_component"><div class="breakpoint_hide b950 below"><button aria-label="Zoom
in" class="wrapper__text_button" type="button"><span
ic_zoom_in_default"></span></span></button></div></div></div><div
class="breakpoint_hide b950 below"><div
tooltip_component"><div class="breakpoint_hide b950 below"><button aria-label="Zoom
out" class="wrapper__text_button" type="button"><span
ic_zoom_out_default"></span></span></button></div></div></div></div><div
class="right_tools"><div class="auto__doc_page_App_Page_Body_DocumentSearch"><div
class="search_wrapper"><div class="wrapper__text_input input_row document_search
text"><label for="l_243656_document_search"><span class="label_text
visually_hidden">Search inside document </span><div class="input_wrapper"><span
class="icon-ic_search search_icon" aria-hidden="true"
role="presentation"></span><input type="text" class="document_search"
id="l_243656_document_search" name="document_search" placeholder="Search document"
value=""/></div></label></div></div></div><div
tooltip_component"><button aria-label="Fullscreen" class="wrapper__text_button"
type="button"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true"
class="icon icon-
ic_fullscreen_window"></span></span></button></div></div></div><main
class="auto__doc_page_body_document document_scroller carousel_scroll_parent"
id="pdf_document_scroll_container"><div class="document_container" style="padding-
top:0px;position:relative;z-index:20"><div id='font_preload_bed'
style='position:absolute; height: 1px; left: 0; top:0; max-width: 100%; visibility:
hidden; overflow: hidden'> </div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
docManager.setupTestElements();
</script>
<div role="document" tabindex="0" class="outer_page_container">

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border "
id="outer_page_1"
style="width:902px; height:1167px; ">
<div class="b_tl"></div>
<div class="b_tr"></div>
<div class="b_br"></div>
<div class="b_bl"></div>
<div class="b_t"></div>
<div class="b_r"></div>
<div class="b_b"></div>
<div class="b_l"></div>
</div>
(function() {
var pageParams = {"origHeight": 1167, "origWidth": 902, "fonts": [3, 0, 4,
2, 1, 5, 6], "pageNum": 1};
pageParams.containerElem = document.getElementById("outer_page_1");
pageParams.contentUrl = "https://html1-
f.scribdassets.com/95qwmz27pc6s8s9f/pages/1-bfec395490.jsonp";
pageParams.blur = false
var page = docManager.addPage(pageParams);
})();
</script>
<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border blurred_page"

id="outer_page_2"
</div>
(function() {
2], "pageNum": 2};
f.scribdassets.com/95qwmz27pc6s8s9f/pages/2-b1836c89eb.jsonp";
pageParams.blur = true
})();
</script>
<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border blurred_page"

id="outer_page_3"
</div>
(function() {
4, 7], "pageNum": 3};
f.scribdassets.com/95qwmz27pc6s8s9f/pages/3-4b9b9d8d67.jsonp";
pageParams.blur = true
})();
</script>

if (window.docManagerIEAdded != true) {
}
</script>
</div>
</div><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_spinner_spinner spinner_component"><span
class="spinner" aria-hidden="true"></span></div><div class="after_doc_wrapper"
style="max-width:1000px"><div class="share_document_wrapper"><h2
class="share_document_title">Share this document</h2><div
class="auto__doc_page_App_Page_Body_ShareRow share_row_component"><h3
class="visually_hidden">Share or Embed Document</h3><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_sharing_buttons"><h2 class="visually_hidden"
id="u_6557_list">Sharing Options</h2><ul aria-labelledby="u_6557_list" class="list
large"><li class="item facebook"><a aria-label="Share on Facebook"
class="icon icon-ic_facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on Facebook, opens a new window</span></a></li><li
class="item twitter"><a aria-label="Share on Twitter" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon-ic_twitter" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share on Twitter, opens a new
window</span></a></li><li class="item linkedin"><a aria-label="Share on LinkedIn"
class="icon icon-ic_linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window</span></a></li><li
class="item email"><a aria-label="Share with Email" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="mailto:?subject=Read Calculating Frequency.docx on
Scribd&body=I’m reading Calculating Frequency.docx on Scribd: https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F400421651%2FCalculating-Frequency-docx"><span
class="icon icon-ic_email" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share with Email, opens mail client</span></a></li><li
class="item copy_link" data-clipboard-
text="https://www.scribd.com/document/400421651/Calculating-Frequency-docx"><a
aria-label="Copy Link" class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#"><span
class="icon icon-ic_document" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Copy Text</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div
class="after_doc_wrapper" style="max-width:1000px"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_related_categories related_categories_wrapper"><h2
class="title">Related Interests</h2><ul class="links_container flex_row"><li
class="link_wrapper"><a class="interest interest_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/interest/Business/explore" data-
category_id="9524">Business</a></li></ul></div></div><footer
class="auto__doc_page_footer footer_component"><h2 class="visually_hidden">Footer
Menu</h2><span class="visually_hidden"><a href="#global_header" class="">Back To
Top</a></span><nav class="columns" aria-label="Quick links"><div class="column"><h3
class="social_title">About</h3><ul class="list"><li><a href="/about">About
Scribd</a></li><li><a href="/press">Press</a></li><li><a
href="https://literally.scribd.com/">Our blog</a></li><li><a href="/careers">Join
our team!</a></li><li><a href="/contact">Contact Us</a></li><li><a
href="/referrals?source=footer">Invite Friends</a></li><li><a
href="/giftcards">Gifts</a></li><li class="enterprise_link"><a
href="/enterprise">Scribd for Enterprise</a></li></ul></div><div class="column"><h3
class="social_title">Support</h3><ul class="list"><li><a href="/faq"
rel="nofollow">Help / FAQ</a></li><li><a href="/accessibility-policy"
rel="nofollow">Accessibility</a></li><li><a
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306" rel="nofollow">Purchase
help</a></li><li><a href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366"
rel="nofollow">AdChoices</a></li><li><a href="/publishers"
rel="nofollow">Publishers</a></li></ul></div><div class="column legal"><h3
class="social_title">Legal</h3><ul class="list"><li><a href="/terms"
rel="nofollow">Terms</a></li><li><a href="/privacy"
rel="nofollow">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="/copyright"
rel="nofollow">Copyright</a></li></ul></div><h3 class="visually_hidden">Social
Media</h3><div class="column social_container"><ul class="list"><li><ul
class="auto__doc_page_shared_footer_social_buttons social_icons"><li
class="icon"><a href="https://literally.scribd.com" aria-label="Scribd Blog"><span
class="icon-ic_scribd_social_logo scribd"></span></a></li><li class="icon"><a
href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082" aria-label="Scribd on
Facebook" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon-ic_facebook
facebook"></span></a></li><li class="icon"><a href="https://twitter.com/scribd"
aria-label="Scribd on Twitter" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon-ic_twitter
twitter"></span></a></li><li class="icon"><a
href="https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/" aria-label="Scribd on Pinterest"
rel="nofollow"><span class="icon-ic_pinterest
pinterest"></span></a></li></ul></li><li><a></a></li></ul></div></nav><section
class="auto__doc_page_footer_links"><ul><li><span class="copyright
secondary">Copyright © 2020 Scribd Inc.</span></li><li><a
class="secondary">Browse Books</a></li><li><a class="secondary">Site
Directory</a></li><li><div class="secondary language flex_row"><span>Site
Language:</span><div class="auto__doc_page_footer_links_language_selector"><div
class="breakpoint_hide b450 above"><a class="text_btn language_btn flex_row"
href="#language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="name
icon_button_text">English</span><span class="visually_hidden"><span
lang="en">Change Language</span></span></a></div><div class="breakpoint_hide b450
at_or_below"><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_react_button_menu
button_menu_container"><div class="button_menu_wrapper"><span
class="selector_button"><a class="text_btn language_btn flex_row menu_handle"
href="#language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="name
icon_button_text">English</span><span class="visually_hidden"><span
lang="en">Change
Language</span></span></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></section>
</footer></main></div></div></section></div></div></div>
<script type="application/json" data-hypernova-key="doc_page" data-hypernova-
id="cd8f0826-a9a8-4101-b5e3-235d0118aa22"></script><div style="display:
none;">576648e32a3d8b82ca71961b7a986505</div></div></div><script
type="text/javascript">
if (!window.Scribd) Scribd = {};
Scribd.NwayTestsWithWeights = {"search_web_num_suggest":{"id":1690,"choices":
{"4166":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4167":{"name":"size_7","weight":1},"4168":
{"name":"size_10","weight":1}}},"pricing_2020q3_mx":{"id":1729,"choices":{"4289":
{"name":"control","weight":1},"4290":{"name":"test_99","weight":1},"4291":
{"name":"test_139","weight":1}}},"pricing_2019q3_in":{"id":1410,"choices":{"3466":
{"name":"test","weight":0},"3467":
{"name":"control","weight":1}}},"explain_scribd_iteration_2019_q3":
{"id":1530,"choices":{"3770":{"name":"control","weight":1},"3771":
{"name":"advertisement","weight":0},"3772":
{"name":"did_you_know_variant_1","weight":0},"3773":
{"name":"did_you_know_variant_2","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q1_id_cookie":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q1_ph_cookie":{"id":1583,"choices":
{"3906":{"name":"control","weight":1},"3907":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q1_ca_cookie":{"id":1586,"choices":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q1_au_cookie":{"id":1587,"choices":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"improved_join_button_2020_q2":{"id":1681,"choices":
{"name":"test","weight":99}}},"localize_competitor_matrix_2020_q1":
{"name":"test","weight":1}}},"doc_page_exit_modal_2020_q2":{"id":1710,"choices":
{"4231":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4232":{"name":"search","weight":0},"4233":
{"name":"categories","weight":0},"4234":
{"name":"cta","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q3_in_cookie":{"id":1722,"choices":
{"4268":{"name":"control","weight":1},"4269":{"name":"test_199","weight":1},"4270":
{"name":"test_249","weight":1},"4271":
{"name":"test_299","weight":1}}},"encourage_subscriptions_2020_q2":
{"name":"variant_1","weight":99},"4257":
{"name":"variant_2","weight":0}}},"doc_landing_survey":{"id":1193,"choices":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2019q4_ro":{"id":1580,"choices":{"3900":
{"name":"control","weight":1},"3901":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2019q4_ru":{"id":1581,"choices":{"3902":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2019q4_pl":{"id":1582,"choices":{"3904":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2020q1_my_cookie":{"id":1584,"choices":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2019q4_th":{"id":1585,"choices":{"3910":
{"name":"test","weight":0}}},"pricing_2019q3_developed":{"id":1636,"choices":
{"4055":{"name":"test","weight":1},"4056":
{"name":"control","weight":0}}},"doc_page_ratings_q1_2020":{"id":1697,"choices":
{"name":"percentages","weight":99},"4185":
{"name":"stars","weight":0}}},"personalized_archive_offer":{"id":1615,"choices":
{"name":"personalized","weight":93},"3995":
{"name":"subscribe_only","weight":1},"3996":
{"name":"subscribe_or_upload_1","weight":1},"3997":
{"name":"upload_1_or_subscribe","weight":1},"4000":
{"name":"upload_3_or_subscribe","weight":1},"4001":
{"name":"upload_5_or_subscribe","weight":1}}},"mobile_web_menu_2020_q1":
{"name":"test","weight":99}}},"trial_days_web_2020q2":{"id":1723,"choices":{"4272":
{"name":"control","weight":1},"4273":{"name":"7","weight":0},"4274":
{"name":"14","weight":0},"4275":{"name":"utm-
exclude","weight":0}}},"recs_item_similarity":{"id":1719,"choices":{"4258":
{"name":"control","weight":1},"4259":{"name":"test","weight":1},"4260":
{"name":"test_v2","weight":1},"4261":{"name":"test_v3","weight":1}}}};
Scribd.Sentry =
{"disabled":false,"dsn":"https://21588782029b459685064c03453673ff@sentry.io/282187"
,"environment":"production_r4","page":"hypernova_doc_page","release":"17f94399f626b
80269cf9293670fe99443c8ad75","queue":{"errors":[],"messages":[]}};
Scribd.ServerOptions =
{"ad_refresh_engagement_tracking_delay":1200,"ad_refresh_idle_time_before_inactive"
:60,"ad_refresh_interval":60,"disable_trending":false,"facebook_autologin_enabled":
false,"largest_contentful_paint":100,"library_dropdown_test_choices":
["control","test"],"library_dropdown_test_enabled":false,"payments_store_disabled":
false,"rapid_testing_salt":"eowyn","rapid_testing_traffic_configuration":"{\"bucket
_0\":\"control\", \"bucket_1\":\"control\", \"bucket_2\":\"control\", \"bucket_3\":
\"control\", \"bucket_4\":\"control\", \"bucket_5\":\"control\", \"bucket_6\":\"con
trol\", \"bucket_7\":\"control\"}","reading_history_scroll_timeout":500,"reading_pr
ogress_enabled":true,"reading_progress_throttle_get_milliseconds":60000,"reading_pr
ogress_throttle_post_milliseconds":10000,"seo_roadblock_choices":
["question_promo","promo","banner"],"seo_roadblock_enabled":true,"seo_roadblock_rol
lout":1.0,"shadow_autocomplete_enabled":false,"sidebar_promo_enabled":false,"web_fr
ee_to_paid_enabled":true};
</script><script>(window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[57],
{"2Z54":function(n,t,e){"use strict";e.r(t),e.d(t,"init",(function(){return
r}));var i=e("TeAf");var r=window.Scribd.init=function(n){!function(n)
{window.Scribd._HypernovaStaticPath=n.paths.hypernova_static_path}(n),function(n)
{var t=n.paths,e=t.app,r=t.vendors_app;Object(i.a)({path:r}),Object(i.a)({path:e})}
(n)}},3:function(n,t,e){e("w0yH"),n.exports=e("2Z54")},TeAf:function(n,t,e){"use
strict";e.d(t,"a",(function(){return r})),e.d(t,"b",(function(){return
o})),e.d(t,"c",(function(){return c})),e.d(t,"d",(function(){return a})),e.d(t,"e",
(function(){return s}));var i=e("hMw5"),r=function(n){var
t=document.createElement("script");return
n.path&&(t.src=n.path),n.crossorigin&&(t.crossOrigin=n.crossorigin),n.integrity&&(t
.integrity=n.integrity),n.content&&(t.innerHTML=n.content),n.id&&(t.id=n.id),n.asyn
c&&(t.async=1),n.onload&&(t.onload=n.onload),(n.element||
document.head).appendChild(t)},o=function(n){var
t=n.account_id,e=n.facebook_setup_context,i=n.current_user;return
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)},ga.l=+new
Date,ga("create",t,"auto"),ga("send","pageview"),ga("set","dimension1",i),ga("set",
"dimension2",e),ga("set","dimension3",document.location.host),r({path:"https://www.
google-analytics.com/analytics.js",async:!0})},c=function(){var
n=function(n,t,e,i,r){n[i]=n[i]||[],n[i].push({"gtm.start":(new
Date).getTime(),event:"gtm.js"});var o=t.getElementsByTagName(e)
[0],c=t.createElement(e);c.async=!0,c.src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?
id=GTM-KXQQWDG",o.parentNode.insertBefore(c,o)}
(window,document,"script","dataLayer");return r({content:n,async:!0})},a=function()
{var n=window.Scribd&&window.Scribd.Sentry;if(n){var
t=n.disabled,e=n.dsn,o=n.environment,c=n.page,a=n.release;if(!t)return r({async:!
0,crossorigin:"anonymous",id:"sentry_script_tag",integrity:"sha384-
mmBh0B1uYbzmP0q9QcqWr4el7gVXBSY0hWB2U8cNhNZi/RIuVQRp7pm1NlPOa644",path:"https://bro
wser.sentry-cdn.com/5.20.0/bundle.min.js",onload:function()
{window.Sentry.init({allowUrls:[/^https?:\/\/
(\w+\.)*scribd\.com/],dsn:e,environment:o,release:a}),Object(i.b)(c),Object(i.c)
()}})}},s=function(n){var
t=n.unique_browser_tracking_uuid,e=n.user_id,i=n.sift_science_js_key,o="".concat(e)
,c="".concat(t),a=window._sift=window._sift||[];return
a.push(["_setAccount","".concat(i)]),a.push(["_setUserId",o]),a.push(["_setSessionI
d",c]),a.push(["_trackPageview"]),r({path:"https://cdn.siftscience.com/s.js"})}},fR
V1:function(n,t){var e;e=function(){return this}();try{e=e||new Function("return
this")()}catch(n){"object"==typeof
window&&(e=window)}n.exports=e},hMw5:function(n,t,e){"use strict";function i(n)
{return
window.Scribd&&window.Scribd.Sentry&&window.Scribd.Sentry.queue&&window.Scribd.Sent
ry.queue[n]||[]}function r(n){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?
arguments[1]:{},e=i("errors");e?
e.push({errorObject:n,extraInfo:t}):console.error(n,t)}function o(n){var
t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},e=i("messages");e?
e.push({message:n,extraInfo:t}):console.error(n,t)}function c(n){var
t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return!(!
window.Scribd||!window.Scribd.Sentry.disabled)&&(console.error(n,t),!0)}function
a(){return
window.Sentry&&window.Sentry.captureException&&window.Sentry.captureMessage&&window
.Sentry.configureScope&&window.Sentry.withScope}function s(n){var
t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!c(n,t))if(a()){var
e=Object.keys(t);e.length?window.Sentry.withScope((function(i)
{e.forEach((function(n)
{i.setExtra(n,t[n])})),window.Sentry.captureException(n)})):window.Sentry.captureEx
ception(n)}else r(n,t)}function u(n)
{a()&&n&&window.Sentry.configureScope((function(t){t.setTag("page",n)}))}function
d(){i("errors").concat(i("messages")).forEach((function(n){var
t=n.extraInfo;n.message&&function(n){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!
==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!c(n,t))if(a()){var e=Object.keys(t);e.length?
window.Sentry.withScope((function(i){e.forEach((function(n)
{i.setExtra(n,t[n])})),window.Sentry.captureMessage(n)})):window.Sentry.captureMess
age(n)}else o(n,t)}(n.message,t),n.errorObject&&s(n.errorObject,t)}))}e.d(t,"a",
(function(){return s})),e.d(t,"b",(function(){return u})),e.d(t,"c",(function()
{return d}))},w0yH:function(n,t,e){(function(n){("undefined"!=typeof window?
window:void 0!==n?n:"undefined"!=typeof self?self:
{}).SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"17f94399f626b80269cf9293670fe99443c8ad75"}}).call(this,e("f
RV1"))}},[[3,1]]]);
//#
sourceMappingURL=https://www.scribd.com/webpack/doc_page/init.dda44fad6e6c848c4ea3.
js.map
</script><script>Scribd.init({"paths":{"app":"https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/app.c7b5641cf740e6133588.js","hypernova_static_
path":"https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/","vendors_app":"https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/vendors_app.8aed30158ca26deeed4e.js"}});</scrip
t><script type="text/javascript">function prefetchResource(u){var x = new
XMLHttpRequest();x.open("GET", u, true);x.send()};</script><script
type="text/javascript">
if(!/Trident|MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent)){;["https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/0.15b25508a03157d2e54a.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/1.665b169e5683458f3461.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/12.8474f3aa3df017cfe8e7.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/88.8fdbc701faa0784d067f.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/plans.4fb8f6ad7eeeb36ccf4d.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/1.71ab73961eff5e89927d.css","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/12.a770aa87a7b7508f428e.css","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/plans.62597976b57735079089.css","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/7.23cefcc64549db7be022.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/13.13ef377a6a3c1de6739b.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/payments.04f313fcff6ac12f8e0f.js","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/13.727b1e65685fbfd8440b.css","https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/payments.329c25002d9853e64717.css"].forEach(pre
fetchResource)}
</script></body></html>

3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html xmlns="http://www.w3.

org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"

var docManager = new DocumentManager(

var css = 'body{font-

<div role="document" tabindex="0" class="outer_page_container">

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border blurred_page"

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border blurred_page"

You might also like